:

.

(reward payoff
matrix).
1: (2 , 2
)

1, 2

0, 1

2, 1

1, 0

(ij, ij)
(ij) (ij)
i j.
r (Ai,Bj) = (aij,bij)

.
2,
, ()
1 .
(A2,B1) r (A2,B1) = (2,1).
2: Nash (2 , 2 )

2, 1

0, 1

0, 0

1, 2

Nash
.
.
.

2002

. 2/8

(1,1)
(2,2) r (A1,B1) = (2,1) r (A2,B2) = (1,2).
3: Nash

0, 0

0, 1

1, 0

1, 3

4:

3, 3

0, 6

6, 0

1, 1

2

.
.
()
.


.

1
2

11

1n

M
M
M

m1

mn

2002

. 3/8

ij i j
. m n .


. .
(max
min).

.
. ,
(min max).
11

1n

m1
1

lt

mn
n

:
j = max {1, , m}

max
min,

lt = min {1, , n}

min
max.

:
lt t j
:
max min min max

2002

. 4/8

max min = max {2,5,3} = 5

min max = min {8,8,7} = 7
2 5 ( ).
3 7.

.
2 3, 6 ( 5
7).
5 7
.

1
2

x1

11

xm1

m1

1n

mn

m x1, , xm
.
0 xi 1

xi = 1
i =1

2002

. 5/8

1
:
1 = x111 + x221 + + xmm1
2, , n :
2 = x112 + x222 + + xmm2
M
n = x11n + + xmmn
x1, , xm
1, , n (max min).
V = min {1, , i}

:
max V

V Ei

i = 1, , n

:
(1)

max V

11x1 + + m1xm V 0
12x1 + + m2xm V 0
M
1nx1 + + mnxm V 0
x1 + x2 + + xm =1
x1, , xm 0

n y1, , yn
.
0 yi 1

yi = 1
i=1

A 1 A
:
1 = 11y1 + 12y2 + + 1nyn
M
m = m1y1 + + mnyn
.

2002

. 6/8

B y1, , ym
1, , n (min max).
:
min W
W = max {Z1, , Zm}
:
(2)

min W

11y1 + 12y2 + + 1nxm W 0

M
m1 y1 + + mnyn W 0
y1 + y2 + + yn =1
y1, , yn 0

(1) (2) :
max V = min W
max min

.
.
:

y1

y2

x1

x2

O :
(1)

max V

5x1 + 3x2 V 0
4x1 + 6x2 V 0
x1 + x2 = 1
x1 0, x2 0
V
.

2002

. 7/8

O :
(2)

min W

5y1 + 4y2 W 0
3y1 + 6y2 W 0
y1 + y2 = 1
y1 0, y2 0
W
(1) (2)
.
(1) x1 = p, x2 = 1p

max V

max V

max V

5p + 3(1p) V 0

2p V 3

2p V s1 = 3

4p + 6(1p) V 0

2p V 6

2p V s2 = 6

0p1

0p1

0p1
s1 0, s2 0

p, V:

[ 3

6]

1 3
1

0 p

4
4
4

2
2 18

1
V

4 4
4
2
2
4 4

ys1 cs1 =

2
0
4

ys2 cs2 =

2
0
4

p 1.

2002

. 8/8

A (2) y1 = q, y2 = 1q

min W

min W

q W 4

q W + t1 = 4

3q W 6

3q W + t2 = 6

0q1

0q1
t1 0, t2 0

q, W:

[ 4

6]

1
0 q

4

3
1 W
4
3
4

1

4

1

4

2
4


18
4

1

4

yt1 ct1 =

3
0
4

yt2 ct2 =

1
0
4

, q 1.
:
:

max min = 12 = 4
min max = 11 = 5

max V = min W =

max min < min max

18
= 4,5.
4

2002