NH NG KHC BIT CN BN GIA O TO THEO NIN CH V O TO THEO TN CH

TS. L Vn Ho Phng BCL&KT, Trng H Nha Trang

o to theo h thng tn ch bt u c p dng ti trng i hc Harvard, Hoa k vo nm 1872, sau dn c m rng ra kh p Bc M v th gii. y l phng thc o to theo trit l xem Ngi h c l trung tm ca qu trnh o to. Theo nh gi ca t chc Ngn hng th gii, o to theo tn ch khng ch hiu qu i vi cc nc pht trin m cn i vi cc nc ang pht trin. n i mi gio d c i hc Vit Nam giai on 2006 2020 c Chnh ph ph duyt kh ng nh: xy d ng hc ch tn ch thch hp cho gio dc i hc nc ta v vch ra l trnh h p l ton b h thng gio dc i hc chuyn sang o to theo hc ch tn ch. Ti Ch th nm h c 2008 2009, B Gio dc v o to chnh thc yu cu cc trng i hc v cao ng chuyn sang o to theo h thng tn ch vo nm hc 2009 2010 hoc mun nht l nm hc 2010 2011. Cho n nay, gn nh tt c cc trng i h c v cao ng trn ton qu c v ang chuyn i t kiu o to nin ch (hoc hn h p nin ch + hc ph n) sang kiu o to theo tn ch vi nhiu mc khc nhau. Bi vit ny nhm cung cp m t bc tranh so snh gi a hai phng thc o to theo nin ch v theo tn ch trn mt s phng din ch yu nhm mc ch gip cho ngi dy, ngi h c, v cc nh qun l o to trng i hc nhn ra cc khc bit cn bn gia hai phng thc o to, t iu chnh ho c nh hng hot ng/cng vic ca mnh cho ph hp vi phng thc o to mi. Do m i quc gia, thm ch mi trng i h c trn th gii c cch t ch c o to ring i vi mi phng th c o to, nhng c im c so snh c a hai phng thc o to nu trong bi vit ny c chn lc t nhng kinh nghim, cch lm c tnh ph bin ( nhiu nc) v ph hp vi trit l ca mi phng thc o to. NIN CH TN CH Trit l/tn ch gio dc H Cung cp cho x hi ngun nhn lc c Cung cp ngun nhn lc c nng lc v trnh cao v cc phm cht cn thit tnh thch nghi cao, kh nng hc tp sut i trn c s pht huy tnh t ch ca ngi hc, p ng yu cu ton cu ha trong lin thng o to v s dng lao ng o to thin v hn lm, chuyn su Hng n 4 tr c t gio d c ca UNESCO ra nm 1996 (Hc bit, Hc lm, Hc cch chung sng, H c lm ngi) Tnh t ch ca ngi hc Tt c SV u cng hc theo mt tin Mi SV c th t xy dng mt tin h c chung. tp ring trong khung thi gian cho php i vi bc hc tng ng Chng trnh hc l nh nhau i vi tt c Mi SV c th chn la mn hc thch hp SV, khng c s l a chn mn hc. vi s thch, kh nng trong s cc mn h c t chn Yu c u lin thng
1

Cc mn hc trong ph m vi mt ngnh h c c tnh lin thng

Cc mn hc trong phm vi mt trng c tnh lin thng, hng n lin thng vi cc trng khc Cc bc hc trong phm vi m t ngnh hc Cc bc hc trong phm vi mt trng c c tnh lin thng tnh lin thng, hng n lin thng vi cc trng khc trong v ngoi nc Chng trnh hc Cn c ch yu v thi gian xy dng Cn c v thi gian xy d ng chng chng trnh: Thi gian SV c th tham gia trnh: Khi lng lm vic ca SV (student hc tp trong 1 HK/NH workload) trong 1 HK/NH Thi gian hc tp ca SV c xc nh Khi lng lm vic ca SV c xc nh bng thi lng SV phi ln lp, thc bng thi lng SV phi ln lp, thc hnh, thc tp, hnh, th c tp, v thi gian cn thit t nghin cu, t hc. c thit k theo cu trc mn h c v c thit k theo cu trc m un v p theo mc tiu o to c a ngnh ng kh nng lin thng, lp ghp gia cc ngnh c thit k cho cng mt u ra (VD: c thit k c th c hn mt u ra C nhn/k s) (VD: C nhn/k s thin v th c hnh ho c nghin cu) T chc o to theo nm h c: mi nm c T chc o to theo HK: mi nm c 2-4 2 HK HK di ca chng trnh hc c tnh theo di ca chng trnh hc c tnh theo nm TC Chng trnh H (ph bin) c khong Chng trnh H (ph bin) c khong 200 vht, chng trnh C c khong 150 120 TC, chng trnh C c khong 90 TC vht (1vht = 45ph) (1 TC = 50-60ph) SV phi hon thnh khi lng hc tp tnh SV ph i hon thnh khi lng hc tp tnh theo nm h c theo tn ch. Nm hc ca SV c xc nh theo tng s TC tch ly. V d: SV nm I: tch l y di 30 TC SV nm II: t 30 n di 60 TC SV nm III: t 60 n di 90 TC SV nm IV: t 90 n di 120 TC Cc mn hc c bn c xy d ng theo Cc mn hc c bn c xy dng theo hng p ng yu cu ca ngnh o to hng p ng yu cu ca nhm ngnh o to Khng c mn hc t chn C cc mn hc t chn: mn t chn chnh (major elective subject), mn t chn t do (free elective subject), mn d thnh (audit subject), Cc mn hc c xy dng ch yu d a Cc mn hc c xy dng theo hng trn nng lc ca i ng GV p ng yu cu x h i v th trng lao ng, p ng yu cu qu c t ha trong s dng lao ng Phng php ging dy t nh n mnh n vai tr trung tm c a t n ng yu cu ly ngi hc lm trung ngi hc tm (learner-centered) hoc ly s hc lm trung tm (learning-centered)
2

GV s dng cc PPGD sao cho SV ch yu lm vic ti lp (v SV khng c nhiu thi gian t h c) GV s dng cc PPGD khng yu cu n tnh a dng (v ngnh h c) ca SV

GV s dng cc PPGD sao cho SV phi s dng thi gian ngoi gi ln lp t h c, t nghin cu, lm vic nhm GV cn quan tm n tnh a dng (v ngnh hc) ca SV khi s dng cc PPGD (v SV hc khc ngnh c th hc chung m t lp mn hc) Phng php hc tp SV khng cn ng k k hoch h c tp, SV cn ng k k hoch h c tp cho tng khng cn quan tm la chn mn h c v HK, phi bit la chn mn h c v tin xy d ng tin h c tp ring h c tp sao cho ph hp vi s thch, nng lc v hon cnh ring SV cn ln lp y ho c t t l ln lp SV cn tha mn yu cu ln lp (tnh ti thiu chuyn cn) i vi mi mn h c SV ch yu hon thnh cc nhim v hc SV cn t h c, t nghin cu, lm vic tp c nhn c GV giao nhm nhiu hn ngoi thi gian ln lp (1 TC cn kho ng 30 tit t hc) Khng t n ng yu cu SV c ti liu SV cn c ti liu trc khi n lp (v trc khi n lp GV khng ging gii cn k tt c ni dung) t t nng yu cu v cc k nng mm SV ph i t c cc k nng mm SV tun th lch hc v thi chung ca lp SV th c hin lch h c v thi c a c nhn SV ch yu hc theo m t ngnh nht nh SV c th d dng hc m t lc 2 ngnh Phng php nh gi h c t p Kt qu hc tp c nh gi theo NH. Kt qu h c tp c nh gi theo tng s Nu SV no khng t yu cu hc tp i TC tch ly. SV b buc thi hc nu vi mt nm hc th c th ph i hc li khng t c im trung bnh chung tch nm hc (lu ban) ly no sau mt giai on nht nh SV phi thi t tt c cc mn hc qui nh SV cn t s TC v im trung bnh chung tch ly qui nh theo tng nm v c kha S dng thang im 10 (hoc 100) v S dng thang im 4 kt hp thang im cao cch tnh im tuyt i (criterionch, cho php cch tnh im tng i referenced) (norm-referenced) Xem trng cc k thi h t mn (chim 70Xem trng nh gi qu trnh (chim c 100% im mn hc) 50% im mn hc) Tuyn sinh Tuyn sinh vo u mi NH C th tuyn sinh theo HK SV kh c chuyn ngnh, chuyn trng SV c chuyn ngnh, chuyn trng trn c s cc ngnh/trng p ng cc yu cu v lin thng Qun l SV SV c qun l v sinh hot ch yu theo SV c qun l h c tp theo lp mn hc, lp NH, theo khoa c khuyn khch tham gia cc sinh hot chung ca khoa, trng H s hc tp SV ch yu c trch xut H s hc tp SV mang tnh c th, cn t kt qu h c tp chung c a lp NH c theo di ring SV c t vn ch yu bi GVCN SV c t vn bi CVHT, chuyn gia tm l
3

Ti liu tham kho: [1] http://www.vatgia.com/hoidap/4006/272184/so-sanh-uu-nhuoc-diem-cua-dao-tao-theonien-che-va-dao-tao-theo-tin-chi.html [2] http://www.ktdn.edu.vn/files/news/1494/content/1509/Su khac biet giua tin chi va nien che - Xuan thu.pdf [3] http://www.tnut.edu.vn/doc/pqthe_dttinchi.htm [4] http://dt.ussh.edu.vn/tai-lieu-tham-khao/muc-tieu-su-pham-cua-he-thong-dao-tao-theotin-chi-my-va-nhung-goi-y-cho-cai-cach-giao-duc-dai-hoc-o-viet-nam [5] http://www.cdspbrvt.edu.vn/portal/uploads/temp/vun2.pdf