Buku Aktiviti Ekonomi Asas Tingkatan 5

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5
BAB 6 : WANG DAN INSTITUSI KEWANGAN

AKTIVITI 1 : CIRI-CIRI WANG/FUNGSI WANG
1.
Benda-benda di bawah merupakan komoditi yang pernah digunakan sebagai wang. Cuba anda jelaskan
mengapa benda-benda tersebut tidak dapat bertahan lama sebagai wang seperti mana wang kertas dan
duit syiling.
Gigi ikan paus
Rokok
Kulit kerang
Logam
Merpati
Lembu
2.
Nyatakan fungsi wang yang sesuai bagi setiap situasi yang diberikan dalam rajah di bawah:

AKTIVITI 2 : JENIS DEPOSIT DAN PENGIRAAN FAEDAH
1.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan kadar faedah deposit tetap dan deposit tabungan bagi tahun 1995-2001
Tahun
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Deposit Tabungan (%)

3.70
4.10
4.23
3.87
2.76
2.72
2.28
Deposit Tetap (%)

6.51
7.18
8.81
5.82
3.24
3.44
3.20
(a) Berdasarkan jadual di atas, apakah perbezaan antara deposit tetap dan deposit tabungan?
Perbezaan
Deposit Tetap
Deposit Tabungan
(b) Encik Tan mempunyai wang sebanyak RM5 000.00 dan beliau tidak memerlukan wang tersebut dalam
masa setahun. Berdasarkan kadar faedah tahun 2001, kirakan jumlah wang Encik Tan jika beliau
memilih untuk:
(i) Menabung dalam deposit tetap.
(ii) Menabung dalam deposit tabungan.

2.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua individu dengan keperluan yang berbeza. Berdasarkan rajah tersebut,
cadangkan jenis deposit yang sesuai untuk kedua-dua individu dan terangkan mengapa anda berpendapat
sedemikian.
DEPOSIT
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MENGAPA?
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AKTIVITI 3: KEMUDAHAN OVERDRAF DAN KAD KREDIT
1.
Puan Fatiha mempunyai baki akaun semasa yang berjumlah RM20 000.00 . Dia mendapat kemudahan
overdraf daripada banknya sebanyak RM10 000.00
(a) Jika Puan Fatiha mengeluarkan cek bernilai RM25 000.00, adakah cek tersebut akan menjadi cek tak
laku?
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(b) Berapakah nilai overdraf yang digunakan oleh Puan Fatiha?
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(c) Jika kadar faedah harian yang dikenakan oleh bank ialah 0.5% sehari, berapakah jumlah bayaran balik
yang perlu dilakukan oleh Puan Fatiha kepada banknya jika dia mengambil masa satu minggu (7 hari)
untuk membayar balik?
2.
Layari laman web bank-bank perdagangan dan Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM). Berdasarkan laman web
yang telah anda layari, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:
(a) Apakah syarat-syarat permohonan kad kredit di Malaysia?
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(b) Dapatkan data tentang bilangan pemegang kad kredit di Malaysia yang gagal menjelaskan hutang kad
kredit.
(c) Kirakan peratusan pemegang kad kredit yang gagal menjelaskan hutang kad kredit untuk tahun
tersebut.
(d) Pada pendapat anda, adakah syarat permohonan kad kredit wajar diketatkan? Mengapa?
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AKTIVITI 4 : e-PERBANKAN DAN PERKHIDMATAN-PERKHIDMATAN BANK PERDAGANGAN
Layari laman web bank-bank di Malaysia yang menawarkan perkhidmatan e-perbankan.
1.
Berdasarkan maklumat yang anda peroleh, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:

(a) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan e-perbankan?
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(b) Terangkan perkhidmatan yang disediakan menerusi e-perbankan.
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(c) Terangkan kebaikan e-perbankan berbanding dengan perkhidmatan perbankan di kaunter.
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2.
Bahagikan kelas anda kepada enam kumpulan. Setiap kumpulan dikehendaki memilih sebuah bank
perdagangan. Seterusnya, kumpulkan maklumat tentang perkhidmatan-perkhidmatan yang ditawarkan
oleh bank perdagangan tersebut. Bincangkan cara institusi kewangan (bank) tersebut memenuhi fungsifungsinya sebagai bank perdagangan.
Nama bank
Alamat Laman Web
Perkhidmatan yang
ditawarkan
Bagaimana bank ini memenuhi fungsi-fungsinya sebagai bank perdagangan

AKTIVITI 5 : SKIM PERBANKAN ISLAM (SPI)
SKIM PERBANKAN ISLAM (SPI) TARIK MINAT PELANGGAN BUKAN ISLAM
Menjelaskan kebaikan SPI, Mahmud berkata, pelanggan akan berkongsi keuntungan
daripada pelaburan dan perniagaan yang dibuat oleh SPI di mana mereka akan menikmati
dividen berbeza dari semasa ke semasa.
Bagi pembiayaan pula, harga dan bayaran balik yang tetap sepanjang tempoh pembiayaan
menyebabkannya tidak terikat kepada turun naik kadar asas pinjaman (BLR).
Ini memudahkan pelanggan membuat perancangan belanjawan tahunan masing-masing.
Dalam masa yang sama, mereka boleh menikmati muqassah (diskaun) ke atas harga
jualan sekiranya pembiayaan lebih awal daripada jadual pembayaran balik, katanya
(Sumber : Utusan Online)
Berdasarkan petikan di atas, huraikan kebaikan Sistem Perbankan Islam (SPI) berbanding dengan Skim
Perbankan Konvensional dengan menggunakan contoh produk dan prinsip SPI.
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AKTIVITI 6 : CARA BANK PUSAT MENGAWAL INFLASI DAN KEMELESETAN EKONOMI
1.
Berdasarkan rajah di atas;

(a) Terangkan perubahan syarat pinjaman yang berlaku dalam situasi di atas.
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(b) Jelaskan kesan perubahan syarat pinjaman ke atas ekonomi.
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2.
Untuk setiap pernyataan di bawah, nyatakan betul atau salah.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
Pernyataan
Bank pusat akan membantu memberikan pinjaman ketika kerajaan menghadapi
kekurangan belanjawan.
Bank pusat menyimpan rizab tunai di bank perdagangan.
Semasa inflasi, bank pusat akan mengurangkan kadar faedah dan meningkatkan
rizab berkanun.
Tindakan bank pusat melonggarkan syarat sewa beli boleh membantu merangsang
semula ekonomi negara.
Bank pusat menjual surat jaminan kerajaan semasa kemelesetan ekonomi bagi
meningkatkan penawaran wang di pasaran.
Bank pusat akan meningkatkan kadar rizab berkanun untuk meningkatkan
keupayaan bank perdagangan member pinjaman.
Apabila nilai Ringgit Malaysia jatuh, bank pusat akan menjual Ringgit Malaysia
untuk meningkatkan nilai Ringgit Malaysia.
Betul /Salah

AKTIVITI 7 : INSTITUSI KEWANGAN BUKAN BANK
Lawati salah satu laman web institusi kewangan bukan bank di Malaysia. Rujuk maklumat tentang aktiviti
pelaburan institusi kewangan bukan bank tersebut. Berdasarkan maklumat daripada laman web tersebut;
(a) Terangkan aktiviti pelaburan yang dijalankan oleh kedua-dua institusi kewangan bukan bank tersebut.
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(b) Jelaskan sumbangan institusi kewangan bukan bank kepada ekonomi negara hasil daripada kegiatan
pelaburannya.
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AKTIVITI 8 : INSTITUSI KEWANGAN BUKAN BANK
Bahagikan kelas kepada enam kumpulan. Setiap satu kumpulan dikehendaki mengumpul maklumat tentang
salah satu daripada institusi kewangan bukan bank berikut:
Bank Simpanan Nasional

Lembaga Tabung Haji (LTH)
Syarikat insurans
Syarikat takaful
Kumpulan Wang Simpanan Pekerja (KWSP)
Seterusnya, berdasarkan pembentangan yang dibuat, setiap pelajar dikehendaki membuat buku skrap tentang
fungsi dan sumbangan institusi kewangan bukan bank kepada perkembangan ekonomi negara.
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BAB 7 : EKONOMI MALAYSIA
AKTIVITI 1 : SUMBANGAN SEKTOR EKONOMI KEPADA PENDAPATAN NEGARA
Sektor\Tahun
Utama
Kedua
Ketiga
RM juta
29 472
27 547
37 176
1991
Peratus (%)
34.2
32.0
43.1
RM juta
33 363
50 834
58 451
1996
Peratus (%)
23.7
36.1
41.5
RM juta
34 161
70 695
118 764
2001
Peratus (%)
16.2
33.6
56.4
Berdasarkan data dalam jadual di atas;

(a) Lukiskan carta bar untuk menunjukkan peratus sumbangan setiap sector ekonomi bagi tahun 1991,1996,
dan 2001.
(b) Apakah ramalan anda terhadap peranan setiap sektor kepada ekonomi negara pada masa depan?
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AKTIVITI 2 : MASALAH PERGANTUNGAN EKONOMI KEPADA SEKTOR KEDUA
Masalah pergantungan ekonomi kepada komoditi utama telah menyebabkan aktiviti
ekonomi Malaysia beralih kepada sector pembuatan. Walau bagaimanapun,
pergantungan kepada sector pembuatan (elektrik dan elektronik) juga telah membawa
masalah kepada ekonomi negara.
Jelaskan pernyataan di atas.
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AKTIVITI 3 : KESAN PERGANTUNGAN EKONOMI KEPADA SEKTOR UTAMA DARI SEGI GUNA TENAGA
Pengeluaran, bilangan lombong dan jumlah pekerjaan dalam industri perlombongan bijih timah
Tahun
1990
1995
2000
Pengeluaran
(000 tan)
28.5
6.4
6.1
Kapal korek
24
4
2
Bilangan Lombong
Pam kelikir
Lombong dedah
88
29
20
16
25
10
Bilangan pekerja
(000 orang)
8 508
1 928
1 707
Jadual di atas menunjukkan pengeluaran, bilangan lombong dan jumlah pekerja dalam industry perlombongan
bijih timah negara dari tahun 1990-2000.
Berdasarkan jadual di atas;
(a) Terangkan prestasi industri bijih timah dari aspek pengeluaran dan guna tenaga.
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(b) Huraikan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan perubahan prestasi industri bijih timah.
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AKTIVITI 4 : SUMBANGAN SEKTOR-SEKTOR EKONOMI NEGARA TERHADAP KDNK
Peratus sumbangan sektor-sektor ekonomi kepada Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (KDNK)
Sektor\Tahun
Utama
Kedua
Ketiga
1965
40.4
14.5
45.1
1975
32.2
20.2
45.0
1985
30.4
24.3
44.0
1995
18.5
31.5
51.2
2000
16.2
35.6
53.6

(a) Lukis graf garis untuk menunjukkan arah aliran sumbangan sektor-sektor ekonomi kepada ekonomi
Malaysia.
(b) Berdasarkan graf tersebut, terangkan pola sumbangan sektor-sektor ekonomi kepada ekonomi Malaysia.
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(c) Ramalkan hala tuju sektor-sektor ekonomi berdasarkan dasar-dasar ekonomi semasa yang dijalankan oleh
kerajaan.
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AKTIVITI 5 : PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR EKONOMI
Berdasarkan rajah di atas;

(a) Jelaskan perubahan struktur yang berlaku dalam ekonomi Malaysia pada akhir tahun 1980an sehingga ke
hari ini.
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(b) Terangkan dua petunjuk yang digunakan untuk melihat kepentingan sektor-sektor dalam ekonomi negara.
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AKTIVITI 6 : FAKTOR-FAKTOR PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR EKONOMI NEGARA
Berdasarkan dialog di atas;

(a) Nyatakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan dalam struktur ekonomi yang dimaksudkan oleh
wanita tersebut.
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(b) Bagaimanakah faktor-faktor tersebut membawa perubahan yang besar dalam struktur ekonomi negara?
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AKTIVITI 7 : KESAN PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR EKONOMI NEGARA
Pelaburan langsung asing ke negara ini telah meningkat. Permohonan pelaburan dalam
sektor perkilangan yang dikemukakan kepada Lembaga Kemajuan Perindustrian Malaysia
(MIDA), telah kembali meningkat dengan ketara sebanyak 67.6 peratus bernilai RM17.5
bilion bagi tempoh tujuk bulan pertama 2000.
(Sumber : Dipetik daripada Ucapan Belanjawan, Menteri Kewangan, 2001)
Kenyataan di atas dipetik daripada Ucapan Belanjawan 2001. Ia menunjukkan antara kesan perubahan struktur
ekonomi negara Malaysia. Berdasarkan petikan tersebut;
(a) Jelaskan bagaimanakah perubahan struktur ekonomi telah meningkatkan pelaburan langsung asing di
Malaysia?
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(b) Apakah sumbangan pelaburan langsung asing kepada pembangunan ekonomi negara?
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AKTIVITI 8 : SUMBER HASIL KERAJAAN (HASIL CUKAI)
Pengelak cukai diburu LHDN, Kastam lancer operasi besar-besaran mulai 11 Jun
KUALA PERLIS, 27 Mei Pemilik syarikat, peniaga dan individu yang tidak menjelaskan
cukai pendapatan dan perkhidmatan akan diburu dalam operasi bersama secara besarbesaran oleh Kastam Diraja Malaysia dan Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri (LHDN), bermula 11
Jun ini.
Ketua Pengarah Kastam, Datuk Paduka Abdul Halil Mutalib berkata, operasi bersama yang
pertama kali diadakan itu akan mendapat kerjasama Pejabat Pendaftar Syarikat (ROC) bagi
mengesan hasil pendapatan individu, syarikat dan peniaga terbabit yang tidak membayar
cukai.
(Sumber : Utusan Online, 4 Jun, 2003)
Berdasarkan petikan di atas;

(a) Senaraikan jenis-jenis cukai yang perlu dibayar.
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(b) Mengapakah cukai-cukai ini perlu dibayar?
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AKTIVITI 9 : SUMBER HASIL KERAJAAN (HASIL BUKAN CUKAI)
Dalam jangka masa 20 tahun yang akan dating, Malaysia mungkin akan mengalami kehausan sumber
petroleum. Anda dikehendaki membincangkan langkah-langkah yang boleh diambil oleh kerajaan bagi
mengatasi masalah kekurangan hasil pendapatan negara ekoran daripada kehilangan sumber pertroleum
tersebut.
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AKTIVITI 10 : PERBELANJAAN KERAJAAN
1.
Wajarkah sektor pertahanan menerima peruntukan terbesar berbanding dengan sektor pembangunan
ekonomi? Sediakan dua kumpulan dan bahaskan isu tersebut.
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2.
Jelaskan perbezaan antara perbelanjaan mengurus dan perbelanjaan pembangunan.

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3.
Apakah yang akan berlaku jika perbelanjaan mengurus dikurangkan? Bincangkan kesan-kesannya
terhadap ekonomi negara.
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AKTIVITI 11 : JENIS BELANJAWAN / JENIS PERBELANJAAN KERAJAAN
1.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan jumlah perbelanjaan dan hasil kerajaan Persekutuan dari tahun 1999-2003.
Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi, tentukan jenis belanjawan kerajaan Malaysia.
Tahun
Perbelanjaan
Mengurus
Perbelanjaan
Pembangunan
Hasil Kerajaan
1999
46 699
21 463
58 675
2000
56 547
25 032
61 864
2001
63 757
34 232
79 567
2002
66 706
33 642
83 550
2003*
71 737
32 963
89 793
*anggaran
2.
Jenis Belanjawan
(Sumber : Laporan Ekonomi Malaysia, 2002,2003)
Tentukan sama ada setiap item di bawah merupakan perbelanjaan mengurus (M) atau perbelanjaan
pembangunan (P).
(a)
Peruntukan Perbelanjaan
Kerajaan akan menyediakan geran padanan untuk setiap seringgit
sebagai bantuan kewangan merawat penyakit kronik bagi kumpulan
berpendapatan rendah. Dana awal RM100 juta akan ditubuhkan.
(b)
Kerajaan akan memperkenalkan satu kampong satu industry dan

melibatkan pembangunan industry kecil yang memerlukan pekerja 10
hingga 100 orang.
(c)
RM2.56 bilion diperuntukkan pada 2003 untuk kemudahan prasarana di

kawasan luar bandar, naik 36 peratus dari tahun 2002.
(d)
Bagi memastikan pelaksanaan berkesan dalam pengajaran sains dan

matematik, para guru akan dibekalkan dengan computer notebook,
projector LCD dan kelengkapan lain. Ia melibatkan RM978.7 juta untuk
dibelanjakan tahun ini dan pada tahun 2003.
250 buah sekolah akan mendapat akses internet di bawah fasa pertama
program mengurangkan jurang digital di kawasan-kawasan pedalaman
Sabah dan Sarawak.
(e)
(f)
Bonus sebulan atau minimum RM1 200.00 untuk kakitangan awam.
22
Jenis Perbelanjaan

AKTIVITI 12 : BELANJAWAN NEGARA SEBAGAI ALAT MENGAWAL INFLASI DAN KEMELESETAN EKONOMI
Dalam belanjawan pada tahun ini, kerajaan akan meningkatkan kesemua cukai pendapatan perseorangan
bagi mengurangkan pendapatan boleh guna isi rumah. Kesannya, kuasa beli isi rumah akan menurun.
Berdasarkan kenyataan di atas, anda dikehendaki mengkaji secara berkumpulan tentang kesan peningkatan
cukai terhadap ekonomi negara ke atas guru dan kakitangan sekolah. Bahagikan mereka kepada empat
kumpulan pendapatan, iaitu:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Pendapatan antara RM500 RM1 500

Pendapatan antara RM1 501 RM2 500
Pendapatan antara RM2 501 RM3 000
Pendapatan melebihi RM3 000
23

AKTIVITI 13 : SUMBER PINJAMAN KERAJAAN
Langkah kerajaan Malaysia meminjam dari sumber dalam negeri dapat

mengelakkan kejatuhan nilai mata wang.
1.
Jelaskan pernyataan di atas.

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2.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan jumlah pinjaman dalam negeri dan luar negara kerajaan persekutuan bagi
tahun 2001 dan 2002.
Sumber Pinjaman
Dalam negeri
Luar negara
2001 (RM juta)

121 396
24 329
2002 (RM juta)

121 105
37 578

(a) Nyatakan kedudukan hutang negara bagi tahun 2001 dan 2002.
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(b) Bagaimanakah caranya kerajaan mendapatkan pinjaman dari dalam negeri dan luar negara? Jelaskan.
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24

(c) Pada pendapat anda, mengapakah kerajaan lebih berminat untuk meminjam daripada sumber dalam
negeri berbanding dengan sumber luar negara? Jelaskan pendapat anda.
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25

BAB 8 : HUBUNGAN EKONOMI ANTARABANGSA
AKTIVITI 1 : PERBEZAAN PERDAGANGAN DALAM NEGERI DAN PERDAGANGAN ANTARABANGSA
Kali ini satu pasukan petugas khas yang dianggotai oleh Padiberas Nasional Berhad (Bernas),
Kementerian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri dan Hal Ehwal Pengguna (KPDNHEP), Jabatan Kastam dan
Polis ditubuhkan bagi membanteras penyeludupan beras secara bersepadu. Pasukan khas ini bukan
sahaja akan melipatgandakan penguatkuasaan bagi memastikan sindiket penyeludupan beras gagal
melepasi sempadan masuk ke negara ini, malah turut member ganjaran lumayan berupa wang
kepada sesiapa sahaja yang member maklumat tepat tentang penyeludupan beras.
[Sumber : Dipetik dan diubahsuai daripada MASSA, Disember 2001]
Terangkan perbezaan perdagangan dalam negeri dengan perdagangan antarabangsa yang menyebabkan
wujudnya masalah di atas. Huraikan.
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26

AKTIVITI 2 : PERSAMAAN DAN PERBEZAAN PERDAGANGAN DALAM NEGERI DAN ANTARABANGSA/
KEBAIKAN DAN KEBURUKAN PERDAGANGAN ANTARABANGSA
1.
Jelaskan tentang pernyataan di bawah dan apakah kesan negatif yang akan timbul dalam ekonomi
Malaysia.
Dasar terbuka yang diperkenalkan oleh negara China akan menjadi persaingan yang
utama di pasaran Asia Tenggara.
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2.
Jelaskan pernyataan di bawah:

Perdagangan antarabangsa menguntungkan semua pihak dari pelbagai aspek.
Contohnya, pengguna mendapat pilihan yang banyak manakala pengeluar boleh
memperluaskan pasaran ke luar negara.
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27

3.
Berdasarkan peta yang menunjukkan perjalanan perdagangan di atas, jelaskan persamaan dan perbezaan
aktiviti perdagangan antara Kuala Lumpur ke Johor Bahru dengan Kuala Lumpur ke Singapura.
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28

AKTIVITI 3 : KOMPOSISI EKSPORT MALAYSIA
Pengkhususan dalam pengeluaran barang tidak Nampak (seperti pelancongan) adalah
lebih baik kepada ekonomi Malaysia berbanding mengkhusus dalam pengeluaran barang
Nampak (seperti minyak kelapa sawit).
Bincangkan pernyataan di atas.

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29

AKTIVITI 4 : KOMPOSIS EKSPORT DAN IMPORT MALAYSIA
1.
Bincangkan secara kumpulan tentang komposis eksport dan import Malaysia dalam era globalisasi.
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2.
Apakah tindakan kerajaan sebagai persediaan dalam menghadapi pelaksanaan Kawasan Perdagangan
Bebas Asean (AFTA)?
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3.
Malaysia telah membuka pasaran automobile untuk Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas Asean (AFTA).
Bincangkan dalam kumpulan secara khusus bagaimana kerajaan dan pengeluar tempatan akan bertindak
untuk menghadapi persaingan yang sengit dengan pengedar-pengedar kereta import.
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30
4.
Nyatakan komposisi eksport dan import barang nampak, komposisi eksport dan import barang tidak
Nampak serta rakan dagang Malaysia.
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31

AKTIVITI 5 : IMBANGAN DAGANGAN
Kedudukan imbangan dagangan Malaysia bagi tahun 2001
Eksport dan Import
Eksport barang pembuatan
Eksport komoditi pertanian
Eksport komoditi perlombongan
Import barang modal
Import barang perkilangan
Import barang penggunaan
Jumlah (RM juta)

145 486
8 050
12 239
22 880
103 839
8 312
Berdasarkan maklumat di dalam jadual di atas, tentukan kedudukan imbangan dagangan Malaysia bagi
tahun 2001 dengan melengkapkan jadual di bawah.
Perkara
RM juta
Jumlah eksport nampak

Jumlah import nampak
Imbangan dagangan
32

AKTIVITI 6 : IMBANGAN PEMBAYARAN
Akaun Semasa
A
B
C
D
1.
2002
Bersih (RM juta)
59 495
68 190
349 471
281 281
-8 695
-13 005
18 158
25
-13 873
-27 780
-8 483
23 232
(Sumber :Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia)
Barang dan Perkhidmatan

1. Barang
1.1 Eksport
1.2 Import
2. Perkhidmatan
2.1 Pengangkutan
2.2 Perjalanan
2.3 Urus Niaga Kerajaan
2.4 Perkhidmatan Lain
Pendapatan
Pindahan Semasa
Imbangan Akaun Semasa
Jadual di atas menunjukkan imbangan semasa Malaysia bagi tahun 2002. Berdasarkan jadual tersebut
(a) Terangkan kedudukan akaun dagangan, imbangan perkhidmatan dan imbangan akaun semasa
negara.
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(b) Jelaskan takrif akaun pendapatan
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(c) Jelaskan mengapa imbangan akaun perkhidmatan adalah negatif.
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33

2.
Menggunakan maklumat daripada jadual di bawah, kirakan:

Perkara
Pengangkutan
Eksport kerajaan
Urusan kerajaan
Pindahan semasa
Perkhidmatan lain
Import barang nampak
Pendapatan
Perjalanan
Nilai Bersih (RM juta)

385 668
-14 124
33
-8 728
-17 178
313 840
-30 490
20 784
(Sumber : Laporan Ekonomi Malaysia, 2002/03)
(a) Imbangan akaun dagangan
(b) Imbangan akaun perkhidmatan
(c) Imbangan akaun semasa
34

AKTIVITI 7 : IMBANGAN PEMBAYARAN
Jadual di bawah merupakan imbangan pembayaran Malaysia bagi tahun 2000 dan 2001:
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
2000
Bersih (RM juta)
68 475
Barang dan Perkhidmatan

1. Barang
1.1 Eksport
1.2 Import
2. Perkhidmatan
2.1 Pengangkutan
2.2 Perjalanan
2.3 Urus Niaga Kerajaan
2.4 Perkhidmatan Lain-lain
Pendapatan
Pindahan Semasa
Imbangan Akaun Semasa
Akaun Kewangan
1. Pelaburan Langsung
2. Pelaburan Portfolio
3. Pelaburan Lain
Kesilapan dan Ketinggalan
Imbangan Keseluruhan
Aset Rizab
347 033
294 889
-10 670
-11 736
2001
Bersih (RM juta)
61 488
69 854
334 326
-62
-10 030
-28 909
-7 313
-11 352
16 148
25
-13 187
-25 623
-8 178
-23 848
6 694
-9 395
-21 147
-12 107
-14 791
1 091
-2 466
-13 416
-9 234
3 703
-3 662
(Sumber : Laporan Ekonomi Malaysia, 2002/03)

(a) Lengkapkan jadual.
(b) Terangkan kedudukan akaun dagangan, akaun perkhidmatan, akaun semasa, akaun kewangan dan
imbangan keseluruhan.
Akaun dagangan
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Akaun perkhidmatan
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Akaun semasa
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35

Akaun kewangan
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Imbangan keseluruhan
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(c) Apakah perbezaan antara imbangan pembayaran tahun 2000 dengan imbangan pembayaran tahun 2001?
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(d) Terangkan pergerakan rizab asing untuk tahun 2000 dan 2001.
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36

AKTIVITI 8 : SEKATAN PERDAGANGAN ANTARABANGSA
SHAH ALAM, 16 Ogos Malaysia telah lama menggesa Taiwan supaya membuka pasarannya kepada
produk-produk daripada Malaysia melalui pengurangan duti import dan menaikkan kuota eksport
ke atas produk-produk tertentu, menurut Pengarah (Bahagian Perdagangan) di Pusat Persahabatan
dan Perdagangan Malaysia, Rusiah Mohamed di sini hari ini.
Dalam taklimat tentang penjenamaan dan reka bentuk pembungkusan bagi pasaran
eksport, beliau berkata duti import ke atas keluaran pertanian, terutamanya makanan, dianggap
terlalu tinggi di Taiwan.
Beliau berkata, dalam sektor makanan sebagai contoh, duti import ditetapkan seperti
berikut : buah-buahan dan keluaran buah-buahan seperti tembikai 50 peratus; jus tembikai susu (42
peratus); bunga-bungaan potong (20 hingga 35 peratus), lada hitam (28 peratus); dan makanan laut
beku (15 hingga 45 peratus).
Malaysia telah diberikan kuota tahunan sebanyak 53 tan untuk mengeksport kelapa ke
Taiwan, berbanding dengan kuota lebih tinggi lagi yang diperuntukkan kepada Filipina (4 858 tan)
dan Thailand (221 tan).
Kuota bagi kereta kita juga dianggap tidak memadai, kini terhad kepada 1 500 unit
setahun, menurut beliau. Bernama
(Sumber : Dipetik dan diubahsuai daripada Utusan Online, 17 Ogos 2003)
1.
Berdasarkan petikan di atas;

(a) Mengapakah malaysia menggesa Taiwan menurunkan duti import?
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(b) Apakah bentuk sekatan lain yang dikenakan oleh Taiwan kepada Malaysia?
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(c) Terangkan keburukan sekatan perdagangan yang dikenakan oleh Taiwan ke atas Malaysia?
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(d) Senaraikan dan jelaskan bentuk-bentuk sekatan perdagangan lain yang diamalkan dalam perdagangan
antarabangsa.
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2.
Secara berkumpulan, dapatkan maklumat tentang jenis-jenis sekatan perdagangan antarabangsa secara
mendalam melalui internet.
Layari laman web www.kastam.gov.my untuk mendapatkan maklumat yang anda perlukan.
38

AKTIVITI 9 : KEPENTINGAN PERTUKARAN ASING
Kumpulkan keratan akhbar tentang berita atau rencana yang menunjukkan kepentingan pertukaran asing
kepada sesebuah negara. Tampalkan keratan berita/rencana tersebut di bawah.
39

AKTIVITI 10 : KADAR PERTUKARAN ASING
Seorang pelancong dari Britain sedang menulis semula perbelanjaannya di Malaysia setakat ini. Beliau ingin
melihat berapakah jumlah Pound Britain yang telah dibelanjakannya setakat ini.
Tukarkan setiap satu jenis perbelanjaannya (dalam RM) kepada Pound Britain. Untuk mendapatkan kadar
pertukaran terkini dengan tepat, layari laman web http://www.ex.net . Dapatkan kadar pertukaran yang
diperlukan dan kirakan anggaran perbelanjaan pelancong ini dalam Pound Britain. Tunjukkan jalan pengiraan.
Tarikh
Perbelanjaan
Penginapan hotel
Tambang perjalanan
Makanan dan minuman
Cenderamata
Kadar Pertukaran
Jumlah (RM)
2 570.00
560.00
850.00
1 500.00
40
Pound Britain

AKTIVITI 11 : KADAR PERTUKARAN ASING
Berikut merupakan senarai harga burger di beberapa buah negara:
Negara
Jepun
Amerika Syarikat
Britain
Thailand
Singapura
Australia
Harga
250.00
AS$3.00
2.00
Bath5.00
S$2.00
AUS$3.40
Layari laman web Universal Converter di alamat http://www.xe.net . Dapatkan kadar pertukaran terkini antara
Ringgit Malaysia (RM) berbanding mata wang negara-negara berkenaan.
Tarikh
Negara
Kadar Pertukaran
Harga Burger (RM)
Jepun
Amerika Syarikat
Britain
Thailand
Singapura
Australia
(a) Tukarkan harga burger di setiap negara dalam sebutan Ringgit Malaysia (RM) dan isikan dalam ruang
jadual di atas. Tunjukkan jalan pengiraan pada ruangan di bawah.
(b) Berdasarkan jawapan anda dalam (a), di negara manakah harga burger paling mahal bagi pelancong dari
Malaysia?
41

AKTIVITI 12 : PERMINTAAN DAN PENAWARAN RM / KESAN PERUBAHAN KADAR PERTUKARAN ASING
1.
2.
Bagi setiap urus niaga di bawah, tandakan DDw bagi urus niaga yang mempengaruhi permintaan Ringgit
Malaysia, dan tandakan SSw bagi urus niaga yang mempengaruhi penurunan Ringgit Malaysia.
(a)
Urus Niaga
Pengimport Itali mengimport buah-buahan tropika dari Malaysia.
(b)
Pengilang Malaysia mendapatkan bekalan bahan mentah dari Amerika Syarikat.
(c)
Pelancong Malaysia menginap di hotel semasa melancong di Paris.
(d)
Pelajar membeli buku ekonomi yang diimport daripada Amerika Syarikat.
(e)
Pengimport Malaysia mengimport barang dari China.
DDw / SSw
Dengan menggunakan graf di atas;

(a) Terangkan pergerakan kadar pertukaran Ringgit Malaysia berbanding mata wang asing di atas.
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(b) Jelaskan kesan perubahan kadar pertukaran tersebut kepada import dan eksport Malaysia.
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(c) Mengapakah kadar pertukaran Ringgit Malaysia berbanding Dolar Amerika bergaris lurus sepanjang
1998-2002?
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AKTIVITI 13 : KESAN PERUBAHAN KADAR PERTUKARAN ASING KE ATAS IMPORT DAN EKSPORT
1.
Layari laman web http://www.ex.net dan dapatkan nilai Ringgit Malaysia. Gunakan maklumat tersebut
untuk menjawab soalan berikut:
(a) Apakah nilai RM dalam sebutan Pound pada bulan Januari?
RM1 =
(b) Apakah nilai RM dalam sebutan Pound pada bulan Jun?
RM1 =
(c) Apakah perubahan nilai RM yang berlaku berbanding Pound?
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(d) Bagaimanakah perubahan nilai Ringgit Malaysia mempengaruhi komposisi eksport dan import negara
ke Britain?
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Singapura, 8 Jan Mencerminkan ekonomi yang suram, Dolar Singapura menanggung penurunan
terbesar dalam masa dua bulan. Sesetengah rakyat Singapura percaya mata wang yang lebih lemah
akan membuahkan hasil bagi negara pulau itu.
Penurunan itu, daripada S$1.7341 kepada S$1.7418 berbanding dengan Dolar Amerika
Syarikat, sebelum ditutup pada S$1.7413. Penurunan itu muncul selepas Lembaga Mata Wang
Singapura (MAS) mengumumkan bahawa ia akan mengekalkan dasar berkecuali mengenai Dolar
Singapura.
Ketua Eksekutif Pendapatan, Kongres Kesatuan Sekerja Kebangsaan (NUTC), Tan Kin Lian
berkata Dolar Singapura yang lemah mungkin mempertingkatkan eksport negara kerana barangnya
akan menjadi lebih murah bagi para pembeli asing.
Tan, bercakap secara peribadi pada forum Dewan Perdagangan dan Perindustrian China
Singapura baru-baru ini berkata, kenaikan nilai Dolar Singapura berbanding mata wang serantau
telah menjadikan sektor perkhidmatan Singapura tidak kompetitif.
(Sumber : Dipetik dan diubahsuai daripada Utusan Malaysia, 9 Januari 2003)
44

2.
Berdasarkan petikan akhbar tersebut;

(a) Catatkan dan tafsirkan kadar pertukaran asing Dolar Singapura berbanding Dolar Amerika.
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(b) Apakah kesan yang dijangka ke atas eksport dan import Malaysia dan Singapura ekoran
perkembangan ini?
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45

AKTIVITI 14 : KESAN PERUBAHAN IMPORT DAN EKSPORT KE ATAS KADAR PERTUKARAN ASING
Komposisi Eksport Malaysia ke Negara-negara Asean terpilih :
Tahun
/Negara
1998
1999
Thailand
9 057
10 474
Singapura
48 672
53 087
Eksport (RM juta)

Indonesia
3 932
4 677
Myanmar
1 146
890
Vietnam
1 468
1 462
Berdasarkan data ekonomi di atas, lengkapkan jadual di bawah mengikut contoh yang diberikan.
Perubahan eksport dan kesannya ke atas kadar pertukaran asing bagi Ringgit Malaysia
Aspek /Negara
Eksport
Thailand
Singapura
Indonesia
Permintaan ke atas
RM
Pasaran pertukaran
asing
Kadar pertukaran
asing bagi RM
46
Myanmar
Vietnam

Buku Aktiviti Ekonomi Asas Tingkatan 5

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EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

BAB 6 : WANG DAN INSTITUSI KEWANGAN

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

Deposit Tabungan (%)

Deposit Tetap (%)

(ii) Menabung dalam deposit tabungan.

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

Berdasarkan maklumat yang anda peroleh, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

Bagaimana bank ini memenuhi fungsi-fungsinya sebagai bank perdagangan

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

Berdasarkan rajah di atas;

Untuk setiap pernyataan di bawah, nyatakan betul atau salah.

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

Bank Simpanan Nasional

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

Berdasarkan data dalam jadual di atas;

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

Berdasarkan jadual di atas;

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

Berdasarkan rajah di atas;

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

Berdasarkan dialog di atas;

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

Berdasarkan petikan di atas;

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

Jelaskan perbezaan antara perbelanjaan mengurus dan perbelanjaan pembangunan.

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

(Sumber : Laporan Ekonomi Malaysia, 2002,2003)

Kerajaan akan memperkenalkan satu kampong satu industry dan

RM2.56 bilion diperuntukkan pada 2003 untuk kemudahan prasarana di

Bagi memastikan pelaksanaan berkesan dalam pengajaran sains dan

Bonus sebulan atau minimum RM1 200.00 untuk kakitangan awam.

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

Pendapatan antara RM500 RM1 500

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

Langkah kerajaan Malaysia meminjam dari sumber dalam negeri dapat

Jelaskan pernyataan di atas.

2001 (RM juta)

2002 (RM juta)

Berdasarkan jadual di atas;

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

Jelaskan pernyataan di bawah:

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

Bincangkan pernyataan di atas.

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

Jumlah (RM juta)

Jumlah eksport nampak

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5