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Cryptococcus neoformans

Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from Avian Droppings at

Ubon Ratchathani University Campus
*
34190
*Email : thamya.sr@hotmail.com

Cryptococcus neoformans (Cryptococcosis)

Cryptococcus neoformans
25 53
Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) Littman oxgall
agar (LOA)
37 C 1
20
37 ( 54.05) 1 6 ( 16.66)
C. neoformans

: Cryptococcus neoformans
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic yeast that causes cryptococcosis, especially in immune-compromised patients. Infection begins by inhalation of fungal spores from environmental sources into the lungs. The
major natural source of C. neoformans is avian droppings, particularly pigeon excreta. The aim of this study was to
investigate the occurrence of this fungus in avian droppings collected from buildings on the Ubon Ratchathani
University campus. A total of 53 avian droppings samples of different species, including pigeon, common myna,
sparrow, and bat guano, were collected from 25 buildings. Antibiotic-treated suspensions of each sample were
streaked onto Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and Littman oxgall agar (LOA) plates for the isolation of C. neoformans. Cultures were incubated at 37C for one week. Suspected smooth yeast colonies were identified using
microscopic morphology, India ink preparation, and biochemical tests. C. neoformans was isolated from 20/37
(54.05%) of the pigeon dropping samples and 1/6 (16.66%) of the sparrow dropping samples. These results
suggested that C. neoformans was present in avian droppings, especially pigeon droppings, on the Ubon Ratchathani
University campus, indicating the need for the promotion of prevention and control of C. neoformans infection. This
work is useful in the development of a sanitation plan at Ubon Ratchathani University to handle avian droppings in
the area of the campus.
Keywords : Cryptococcus neoformans, Avian dropping, Ubon Ratchathani University

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1.



(cryptococcosis)
Cryptococcus neoformans
7 [1]

1 5

[2]

( 1-5)

( 1)
C. neoformans

15

2.
Cryptococcus
neoformans

3.
3.1

( 1-5)


C. neoformans

2-3 1 1
3.2

30
( 1)
1) 5
2) 8
3)
10
4) / 7

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3.3
3.3.1 30

3.3.2

3.4
2-3 1
1 purposive sampling

( 2)

3.5.2 5

phosphate buffer saline (PBS) pH 7.2 penicillin
G sodium 4 streptomycin sulfate 2
5 15
3.5.3 supernatant (dilution)
-1
10
3.5.4 supernatant
spread plate Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA)
0.4 g/L chloramphenicol Littman oxgall agar
(LOA) 37 C 1
3.5.5
SDA

LOA India ink preparation
( 3)

100X
3 polysaccharide encapsulated yeast cell
C. neoformans India
ink preparation
3.5.6 C. neoformans

phenoloxidase caffeic acid agar
urease urea base agar fermentation
assimilation 6 lactose, glucose,
2
maltose, sucrose, galactose raffinose
C. neoformans
3.5 C. neoformans
caffeic acid agar ( 4)
[3]
3.5.1 urea base agar ( 5)
fermentation

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17

assimilation
lactose ( 1)

4 C. neoformans
caffeic acid agar

5 urease urea
base agar C. neoformans

1 C. neoformans

- Sabourauds Dextrose Agar (SDA)

- Littman oxgall agar (LOA)
- Caffeic acid agar
- Urea agar

C. neoformans

(+) urease (
)

Fermentation
- Lactose, glucose, maltose, sucrose, galactose
raffinose

(+)

Assimilation
- Glucose, maltose, sucrose, galactose raffinose
- Lactose

(+)
(-)

(+) =
(-) =
4.
25
5
2
4.1

30 ( 6)

18

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25
53

( 7) 37 (
69.81) ( 2)

37

69.81

16.98

11.32

1.89

53

100.00

4.2 C. neoformans

C. neoformans
C. neoformans 21
( 39.63)

/ 16
( 3)
20 37 ( 54.05)
1 6 ( 16.66) ( 4)
5.

25
53

C. neoformans 20 37
( 54.05)
Keerativasee et al. [4] C. neoformans 7
263
C. neoformans
16 61 ( 26.2)
2 10 ( 20.0) 1 189
( 0.5)
Tharavichitkul et al. [5] C. neoformans 2515
C. neoformans
57.14 ( 91 ) 69.4 (
219 ) Khayhan [3]

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3 C. neoformans

() () 3

EN6 3

10

/ 2

11

/ 3

12

4304

13

()

3 4

14

15

16

21(53)
(39.63 %)

37

20

54.05

0.00

16.66

0.00

19

20

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C. neoformans 1999-2000

16.4 45
1
Khosravi [6] C. neoformans var. neoformans

175 (17.8%) 983

C. neoformans
1
6 ( 16.66)
C. neoformans



[7,8]

5
4
2 1

3
4
3
EN6
4 4304
( 3)

[9] (creatinine)

25-30

9.09 [10]

C. neoformans

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21

[4] Keerativasee S. et al. 2008. Isolation of Cryptococcus

neoformans from avian droppings in Chiang Mai

from December 2005 to May 2006. Chiang Mai

Medical Journal. 47(4): 149-54.

[5] Tharavichitkul P. et al. 1973. Occurrence of
Cryptococcus neoformans in dove excreta. Chiang
6.
Mai Med Bull. 12: 91-97.
C. neoformans [6] Khosravi AR. 1997. Isolation of Cryptococcus

neoformans from pigeon (Coumba livia) droppings

in northern Iran. Mycopathologia. 139: 93-95.
[7] Stuart ML. 1991. The Ecology of Cryptococcus

neoformans and the Epidemiology of

Cryptococcosis. Rev Infect Dis. 13: 1163-1169.
[8] . 2548.
1

6
().
7.
[1] 7 . [9] . 2553.
URL; http://www.nokkhao.com/birddrop.htm.
2548.
2 .
[]. :
7.
[10] . .
[2] . 2541.
. 50 (21) : 11 2550.
. : .
[3] Khayhan S. 2001. Serotyping and DNA analysis by
PCR-fingerprinting of clinical and environmental
isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans in Chiang Mai.
M.S.Thesis in microbiology, Department of
Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai
University,