redaqtorisagan

Photo: Christine Burgoyne Photos on the page 1: Valie Export

uflebebi

qronika
2 3 4
saqarTvelo ucxoeTi
Photo: Diana Mara Henry Photos on the pages 4-5: Diana Mara Henry, Jill Posener, Cathy Cade

Photo: Pinky W.

Photos on the pages 2-3: Anja Mueller, Carrie Mae Weems

uflebebi
jogiakartas principebi

6
Photo: Jill Posener Photos on the pages 6-7: Carla Williams

janmrTeloba
sqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi daavadebebi

interviu
mxolod dapirebebiT Tanasworobas ver mivaRwevT
(interviu ulrike lunacekTan)

Photo: Klaus Werner Photos on the pages 8-9: Diana Mara Henry, Jill Posener, Cathy Cade

axali qveyana
(interviu kirsten nekigTan)
Jurnalis eleqtronuli versia ganTavsdeba fond "inkluzivis" veb-g gverdze www.inclusive-foundation.org an www.gay.ge JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli masalebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia wyaros miTiTeba. Jurnali vrceldeba ufasod gamocema dafinansebulia holandiis erovnuli lgbt asociaciis COC Netherlands-is mier. foto garekanze:

Photos on the pages 10-11: Joyce Tenneson, Chloe Atkins

10
Photo: Nan Goldin Photos on the pages 12-15: Anna Gaskell, Christine Burgoyne Cindy Sherman, Nan Goldin

kvlevebi
12
TviTreprezentaciis SesaZlebloba

ART
simarTlis Tqmis dro
suzan zontagi

Photo: Annie Leibovitz

16

Photos on the pages 16-17: Diane Arbus, Tee A. Corrine Annie Leibovitz

zRvari elitarul da araelitarul kulturas Soris

Photo: Krzysztof Wojciechowski Photos on the pages 18-19: Annie Leibovitz

eni leibovici

18 20

lesbosuri poezia
emi loueli

Photos on the page 20: Julia Margaret Cameron

Gregory Regini
modeli - kristi

English Resume
Photo: Barbara Kruger

21

1
Jurnal mes meoTxe nomeri lesbosel da biseqsual qalebs eZRvneba. mamakacuri erTsqesiani siyvarulisagan gansxvavebiT, lesboseloba imdenad ar isjeboda, ramdenadac masze saerTod ar saubrobdnen. Tuki mamakaci homoseqsualebisaTvis mTavar safrTxes maTi xilvadoba warmoadgenda, qalebi, pirvel rigSi, sakuTari uCinarobisagan itanjebodnen. homoseqsualuri praqtika mamakacebs Soris safrTxes uqmnida mamakacTa hegemonias, amitomac is kanongareSed iyo gamocxadebuli. lesboseloba, iseve rogorc sxva yvelaferi, rac qals ukavSirdeba, gulisxmobda gansxvavebis ideologias da aRiwereboda rogorc arasrulfasovneba. ase rom, radgan Tavad qals ar hqonda mniSvneloba, lesboselebsa da maTi cxovrebis wessac aravin uyurebda seriozulad.(1) Tu Cvens arcTu ise Soreul warsuls gavixsenebT, yofili sabWoTa kavSiris kanonmdeblobiT dasjadi iyo mamakacTa homoseqsualuri qceva. rac Seexeba lesbosur urTierTobebs, qali amovardnili iyo homoseqsualobis zogadi koncefciidanac (termini homoseqsualoba mxolod mamakacTan mimarTebaSi ixmareboda)da mxolod samedicino konteqstSi ganixileboda. termini lesboseli ki umetes SemTxvevaSi Canacvlebuli iyo samedicino diagnoziT, rogorc seqsualuri motivaciis fsiqopaTologia an Sizofreniis erT-erTi forma.(2) aranakleb problemuri iyo da aris (gansakuTrebiT saqarTveloSi) jgufuri identobis gansazRvris procesic. ori socialuri identoba, romelic qals mamakacis mzrunvelobisagan Tavis daRwevis saSualebas aZlevda (Sinaberasa da damoukidebeli qalis statusi) negatiuradaa Sefasebuli sazogadoebis mier. Sinaberas statusi (qali, romelic ver an ar Txovdeba, uars ambobs mamakacis siyvarulsa da bavSvebis gaCenaze) xSir SemTxvevaSi, iZulebiTi arCevanis Sedegad iTvleboda, romelic safrTxes ar uqmnida mamakacis hegemonias. imavdroulad, es statusi, erTgvar moralur uflebas aniWebda qals, hqonoda mWidro emociuri kavSirebi sxva qalebis mimarT. rac Seexeba damoukidebeli qalis statuss, is ufro mogvianebiT gaCnda da ufro rTuli bunebisaa. Sinaberasagan gansxvavebiT, damoukidebel qals arCevanis saSualeba aqvs, materialurad da fsiqologiurad araa damokidebuli mamakacze, ganaTlebulia da ojaxur movaleobebze win samuSaos ayenebs. amgvari socialuri identoba qals ufro met saSualebas aZlevs, Tavad gansazRvros sakuTari seqsualuri identoba, cxovrebis stili Tu erotiuli upiratesoba (aseTi qalebisagan uaryofili mamakacebi, xSirad, TviTSefasebis SesanarCuneblad damoukidebel qals pirdapir awebeben lesboselis iarliys). am TvalsazrisiT, socialuri damoukidebloba da Tanasworuflebianoba seqsualuri arCevanis TavisuflebisaTvis aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens. erTi mxriv, lesbosuri urTierTobebis uxilavi xasiaTi da meore mxriv, maTi uufleboba (rogorc qalebis), socialuri da ekonomikuri damoukideblobis problema, kidev ufro arTulebda lesboselTa brZolas erTsqesiani siyvarulis aRiarebisaTvis. qalTa ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis pirvel etapze, feministebi araTu Tvals xuWavdnen am problemaze, aramed yvelanairad cdilobdnen, gamijnvodnen yvelafers, rac lesboselebsa da lesboselobas exeboda, raTa maTi socialuri moTxovnebi sazogadoebas ar aReqva garyvnili seqsualobis gamarTlebad an gamovlinebad.(3) mogvianebiT, maTi gzebi gadaikveTa, Tumca meore feministuri talRis Semdeg, iseve rogorc sxva feminizmebi, lesbosuri feminizmi calke mimarTulebad Camoyalibda. 90-iani wlebis Semdeg ki lesbosuri kvlevebi, gei, bi, qvier(4) kvlevebis msgavsad qvier (queer) Teoriis nawilad iqca. kvlevebs lesboselobis, rogorc uCinari pirovnuli da jgufuri identobis problemis, misi konstruirebisa da reprezentirebis Sesaxeb sakmaod mokle istoria aqvs dasavleTSic. saqarTveloSi ki es-esaa iwyeba aseT kvlevebze muSaoba. amitomac, Jurnalis meoTxe nomerSi, Cven SevecadeT, mokled gvesubra zogadad uCinrobis problemasa da lesbosel da biseqsual qalTa reprezentirebisa da TviTreprezentirebis sakiTxebze vizualur xelovnebasa da literaturaSi.

(1) Reynolds M., The Penguin Book of Lesbian Short Stories. NY.1994 (2) . . . "-", 2000 (3) miuxedavad dRes arsebuli feminizmebis mravalferovnebisa (gansxvavebebi emyareba geografiul, eTnikur, konfesiur, ideologiur, seqsualur identobas; kavSirs konkretul filosofiur mimdinareobasTan Tu mimarTulebas fsiqologiaSi da sxv.), dRemde bevri aigivebs leboselobasa da feministobas erTmaneTTan. (4) "qvier" (queer) - am terminiT aRniSnaven rogorc homo, bi, interseqsual adamianebs, aseve im heteroseqsualebsac, romlebic ar aRiareben hetero-patriarqaluri normebs. es sityva aseve gulisxmobs rogorc individualur, aseve jgufur aqtivobas da Seugueblobas "aRiarebul" socialur rolebTan; iZleva TviTgansazRvrisa da TviTidentifikaciis SesaZleblobas negatiuri konotaciebis gareSe.

saqarTvelo
media

Jurnalis wina nomerSi gauwyeT Cveni vebgverdis qselSi gaSvebis Taobaze. miuxedavad imisa, rom Cveni umTavresi mizani ar yofila jgufis wevrebisTvis interaqciis SesaZleblobis micema, vebgverdze mainc didi stumrianoba dafiqsirda. martis CaTvliT gverdi 2000-ze metma unikalurma vizitorma moinaxula msoflios 56 qveynidan. fondi kvlav gaagrZelebs sainformacio resursebis integrirebas. qarTulenovani media-saSualebebisaTvis lgbt Tema isev aJiotaJisa da sensaciis wyaroa. am fonze metad sayuradRebo iyo fondis saqmianobiT inglisurenovani gamocema `mesinjeris~ daintereseba, romelmac 2007 wlis 9 martis nomerSi fondis saqmianobaze vrceli statia gamoaqveyna. statiaSi inkluziuri saqarTvelos Seneba farTod gaSuqda fondis moRvaweobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi da lgbt jgufis problemebi. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis ofisTan arsebulma tolerantobis centrma fondis warmomadgenlebisa da sxva eqspertTa monawileobiT mrgvali magida moawyo, romelic sainformacio xasiaTs atarebda. diskusiis Sedegebi centris mier gamocemul Jurnal `solidarobaSi~ gamoqveyndeba.
saerTaSoriso m imarTuleba

qalebisaTvis yovelTviuri Sexvedrebi. male qalTa iniciativebis mxardamWeri jgufi (WISG) lesbosel da biseqsual qalebs internet konsultaciebsac SesTavazebs. informacia amis Sesaxeb Cvens vebgverdze gamoqveyndeba.
kvlevebi

partniori organizacia `Tanadgomis~ warmomadgenlebma, fondi inkluzivis proeqtis farglebSi, jgufSi seqsualuri qcevis Tvisebrivi kvleva daiwyes. kvlevis mizania lgbt jgufis yvela segmentis seqsualuri qcevis Taviseburebebis Seswavla da maTze dayrdnobiT jgufSi jansaRi cxovrebis wesis danergvisaTvis samomavlo strategiis SemuSaveba.
uflebebi

fondis warmomadgenlebma monawileoba miiRes sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso trening-seminarSi, romelic precisis (PRECIS) proeqtis farglebSi Catarda da mieZRvna lgbt jgufis saWiroebebis gamovlenas, aiv/Sidsisa da seqsualuri gziT gadamdebi infeqciebis profilaqtikas, lgbt uflebebs da sxva Temebs. fondis warmomadgenlebma strategiuli dagegmarebis treningi Cautares sainiciativo jgufs azerbaijanSi, romelic formirebis procesSia.
jgufis k onsolidacia

saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis ofisma mniSvnelovani nabiji gadadga. ombudsmenma parlamentisaTvis wardgenil eqvsTvian angariSSi 7 gverdi lgbt uflebadarRvevebsa da am sferoSi fondisa da misi partniorebis mier Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebs dauTmo. saxalxo damcvelis ofisi agrZelebs operatiul reagirebas jgufis saWiroebebze. nel-nela ikveTeba samomavlo TanamSromlobis mravali sfero. fondis warmomadgeneli meored Sexvda saqarTveloSi samuSao vizitiT myof evrosabWos adamianis uflebaTa komisars, Tomas hamarbergs. miuxedavad imisa, rom komisris vizitis ZiriTadi Tema konfliqtis zonebSi da penitencialur sistemaSi adamianis uflebadarRvevebi iyo, man mainc moaxerxa drois gamonaxva da dainteresda lgbt jgufSi arsebuli problemebiT.
kampania

fondi agrZelebs regularuli kinoklubisa da sadiskusio Sexvedrebis organizebas jgufis wevrebisaTvis, romelTac qalTa programis farglebSi martis Tvidan daemata lesboseli da biseqsuali

fondi inkluzivi aqtiurad CaerTo evrosabWos kampaniis yvela gansxvavebuli, yvela Tanaswori ganxorcielebaSi. fondma umaspinZla samuSao jgufis meore da mesame Sexvedrebs, sadac ganxilul iqna axalgazrdobisa da sportis saxelmwifo departamentTan TanamSromloba kampaniis erovnul komitetSi monawileobis farglebSi da grafitis aqciis detalebi. aqciis gamarTva navaraudevia ivnisis dasawyisSi da misi mizania Tanasworobisa da mravalferovnebis ideebis popularizacia. fondi wardgenilia kampaniis erovnuli komitetis wevrobaze.

qronika

ucxoeTi
d is k ri mi naci i s e v ro ba ro m e t r i

evrokavSiris masStabiT Catarebulma kvlevam saintereso Sedegebi aCvena. evropelTa mxolod 30%-ma icis, rom seqsualuri orientaciis niadagze diskriminacia kanoniT dauSvebelia. diskriminaciis kvleviT gamovlenili formebis sias saTaveSi eTnikur, invalidobis da seqsualuri orientaciis niadagze ganxorcielebuli diskriminacia udgas. SedarebisTvis, SegviZlia, moviyvanoT kavkasiis kvleviTi resursebis centris mier saqarTveloSi Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebi, romlis mixedviTac gamokiTxulTa yvelaze didi nawili (81.4%) ar imegobrebda homoseqsualTan. rac kidev ufro sagangaSoa, agreTve udidesi nawili (71.4%) homoseqsualTan arc imuSavebda.

li mouwodebs premier-ministrs, ar dauSvas am iniciativis kenWisyraze wardgena, vinaidan igi arRvevs azris gamoxatvisa da informaciis xelmisawvdomobis Tavisuflebas da kidev ufro mkafiod usvams xazs poloneTis xelisuflebis mkveTrad homofobiur ganwyobas. 3-5 marts varSavaSi homofobiis winaaRmdeg brZolis kvireuli gaimarTa. RonisZieba Catarda evrosabWos kampaniis yvela ganasxvavebuli, yvela Tanasworis farglebSi. RonisZiebaSi monawileoba miiRo fondis partniorma organizaciam `XXI saukunem~ da sxva monawileebs Jurnal mes mesame nomeri warudgina.
aRiareba g aeroSi

po lo n eT Si k u di an e bz e n ad i r o ba g r Z el d eb a

adamianis uflebebis damcvelma organizaciam Human Rights Watch saprotesto werili gaugzavna poloneTis premier ministrs, iaroslav kaCinskis. werili exeboda axali sakanonmdeblo iniciativas, romlis mixedviTac ikrZaleba lgbt Temebze saubari nebismier saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi. pedagogebi, romlebic gamoamJRavnebebn TavianTi homoseqsualobis faqts daTxovnilni iqnebian samsaxuridan. ikrZaleba agreTve aiv/Sidsis profilaqtikis Sesaxeb informaciis gavrcelebac. weri-

mas Semdeg, rac norvegiis mTavrobam, 54 qveynis mxardaWeriT, seqsualuri orientaciis niadagze uflebebis darRvevis dauSveblobaze ganacxada da sam lgbt organizacias gaeros ekonomikurma da socialurma sabWom (ECOSOC) konsultatiuri statusi mianiWa, gaero ufro aqtiuri gaxda lgbt uflebebis dacvaSi. kerZod, sami organizaciis - germaniis lesboselebisa da geebis federaciis (LSVD), ilga-evropisa (ILGA-Europe) da lesboselebisa da geebis daniis erovnuli asociaciis (LBL Denmark) gancxadebis sapasuxod, gaeros adamianis uflebebis umaRlesma komisarma, luiz arborma, erTmniSvnelovnad daafiqsira gaeros pozicia imis Taobaze, rom seqsualuri orientaciis represireba arRvevs adamianis ZiriTad uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs. udidesi mniSvnelobis matarebelia jogiakartas princi pebis gaeros adamianis uflebebis komisiis sxdomaze gamocxadeba, romlis mokle mimoxilvasac uflebebis rubrikaSi SemogTavazebT. jogiakartas princi pebis gamocxadebisTanave fondma gaavrcela presrelizi, romlis sruli teqsti SegiZliaT Cvens vebgverdze ixiloT Semdeg bmulze: http://inclusive-foundation.org/home/

qronika

jogiakartas principebi
es unikaluri saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi principebi, romlebic exeba seqsualur orientacias, genderul identobasa da saerTaSoriso samarTals, warmoadgens gzamkvlevs gaerosa da misi wevri qveynebis mTavrobebisTvis adamianis uflebebis dacvis sferoSi. jogiakartas principebi seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis sakiTxebSi saerTaSoriso samarTlis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb adamianis uflebebis 29 saerTaSoriso eqspertma SeimuSava da 2007 wlis 26 marts, JenevaSi, gaeros adamianis uflebebis sabWos sesias warudgina. principebi xazs usvams im savaldebulo samarTlebriv standartebs, romlebic yvela saxelmwifom unda daicvas. principebis avtorTa Soris arian: gaeros adamianis uflebebis yofili umaRlesi komisari, gaeros damoukidebeli eqspertebi, adamianis uflebebis damcveli organizaciebis yofili da moqmedi wevrebi, mosamarTleebi da mecnierebi. iseve, rogorc gaeros sxva principebi, jogiakartas principebi TavisTavad ar warmoadgens samarTlebriv dokuments, Tumca misi miReba umniSvnelovanesi faqtia lesboseli, gei, biseqsuali da transgenderi adamianebis (lgbt) uflebebis dacvis mxriv. gTavazobT jogiakartas principebis mokle mimoxilvas.
preambulSi xdeba seqsualuri orientaciis niadagze momxdari uflebadarRvevebis aRiareba, ganisazRvreba sakanonmdeblo CarCoebi da xdeba ZiriTadi samuSao terminologiis ganmarteba. adamianis uflebebis sayovelTaoba, aradiskriminirebuloba da kanonis winaSe Tanasaworoba asaxvas hpovebs 1-3 princi pebSi. adamianis uflebebis komisiis gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad, homoseqsualobis kriminalizacia arRvevs aradiskriminirebulobis saerTaSoriso standarts. 4-11 princi pebi moicavs adamianis piradi usafrTxoebis uflebas. am princi pebSi saubaria sicocxlis fundamentur uflebaze, Zaladobisgan da wamebisgan daculobis Tavisuflebaze, piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobaze, marTlmsajulebis xelmisawvdomobaze da ukanono dakavebisgan daculobaze. msoflios zogierT qveyanaSi sikvdiliT isjeba erTi sqesis srulwlovan adamianebs Soris nebayoflobiTi kavSiri, rac arRvevs gaeros Sesabamis rezoluciebs. ukanono dakavebis da amis Sedegad gardacvalebis msxverplni gamxdaran adamianebi imis gamo, rom isini barSi imyofebodnen dakavebis momentSi. es yovelive ewinaaRmdegeba saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv princi pebs. ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebiT sargebloba diskriminaciis gareSe asaxulia 12-18 princi pebSi. es moicavs dasaqmebis, sacxovrisis, socialuri dacvis, ganaTlebisa da jandacvis sferoebsac. Semdegi seqcia (19-21 princi pi) eTmoba gamoxatvis, azrisa da Sekrebis Tavisuflebas. es uflebebi guslixmobs adamianis mier sakuTari azris, identobisa da seqsualobis Tavisuflad gamoxatvas seqsualuri orientaciis niadagze saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebuli akrZalvebis miuxedavad. magaliTad moyvanilia gaeros specialur moxseneba rasizmis, rasobrivi diskriminaciis, qsenofobiisa da msgavsi aratolerantobis gamovlinebebis Tanamedrove formebze, sadac moyvanilia citatebi homofobiuri gamosvlebidan (Cven dagmarTebT igives, rasac hitleri ebraelebs). gadaadgilebisa da TavSesafris Tavisuflebaze saubaria 22-e da 23-e princi pebSi. xazgasmulia adamianis ufleba, eZios TavSesafari seqsualuri

uflebebi

orientaciisa da genderuli identobis niadagze devnis safrTxis Tavidan acilebis mizniT. es rekomendaciebi asaxulia gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisariatis saxelmZRvanelo princi pebSic. kulturul da saojaxo cxovrebaSi monawileobis uflebebs moicavs 24-26 princi pebi. am principebis mixedviT, adamians ufleba aqvs, monawileoba miiRos sazogdoebriv-kulturul da saojaxo cxovrebaSi miuxedavad seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobisa. es, sxva danarCens Soris, imasac gulisxmobs, rom saxelmwifoebma ar unda moaxdinon sxvadasxva da erTi sqesis wyvilebs Soris diskriminacia maTTvis partniorobaze damyarebuli sargebelis miniWebisas. 27-e princi pi xazs usvams adamianis uflebebis damcvelTa uflebas daicvan da popularizacia gauwion adamianis uflebebs seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli idenTHE YOGYAKARTA tobis miuxedavad. es princi pi PRINCIPLES saxelmwifoebs akisrebs valdebulebas, xeli Seuwyon am sferoSi moRvawe uflebadamcvelTa saqmianobas. gaero SeSfoTebulia zogierTi saxelmwifos mxridan adamianis uflebebis damcvelebze ganxorcielebuli zewolisa da Zaladobis faqtebze arasaTando reagirebis gamo. uflebadarRveulTa reabilitaciis ufleba da pasuxismgebloba uflebebis xelyofis gamo regulirdeba 28-29 princi pebSi. gaeros adamianis uflebebis umaRlesi komisari SeSfoTebas gamoTqvams lgbt adamianis uflebebis damrRvevebis dausjelobis gamo... da mouwodebs saxelmwifoebs dacvis efeqturi meqanizmebis SemoRebisken. umaRlesi komisris TqmiT, lgbt adamianebze dacvis meqanizmebis gauvrcelebloba arRvevs adamianis uflebebis saerTaSoriso

samarTals da humanurobis im princi pebs, romlebic yoveli CvenganisTvis ganmsazRvreli unda iyos. damatebiTi rekomendaciebi: jogiakartas princi pebs Tan erTvis 16 rekomendacia, romelic mimarTulia adamianis uflebebis erovnuli institutebis, adamianis uflebebis sferoSi moRvawe profesionalebis, donorebis, arasamTavrobo organizaciebis, umaRlesi komisris, gaeros organoebis, saxelSekrulebo da gansakuTrebuli procedurebis organizaciebisa da sxvaTa mimarT. rekomendaciebi xazs usvams mxareTa pasuxismgeblobas, moaxdinon adamianis uflebebis propaganda da dacva, da mouwodebs maT am princi pebis integracia moaxdinon yoveldRiur muSaobaSi. 54 saxelmwifos saxeliT, norvegiis delegaciis mier 2006 wlis 1 dekembers gakeTebuli gancxadis Sesabamisad, principebi adamianis uflebebis sabWos mouwodebs, saTanado yuradReba gaamaxvilos seqsualuri orientaciis da genderuli identobis niadagze momxdari uflebadarRvevebis faqtebze. saxelSekrulebo da gansakuTrebuli procedurebis organizaciebis, agreTve arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mimarT gakeTebuli rekomendaciebi gulisxmobs am organoTa mier sakuTari mandatis gavrcobas seqsualuri orientaciis niadagze momxdar uflebadarRvevebze reagirebisTvis. norvegiis ganacxadis da jogiakartas princi pebis Tanaxmad, adamianis uflebebis efeqturi dacva yvela mxaris WeSmariti pasuxismgeblobaa. inkluzivma princi pebis gamoqveynebasTan dakavSirebuli presrelizi gaavrcela 2007 wlis 29 marts. presrelizs SegiZliaT gaecnoT Cvens vebgverdze, axali ambebis ganyofilebaSi, Semdeg bmulze: http://www.inclusive-foundation.org/home

uflebebi

sqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi daavadebebi

SeiZleba Tu ara, qals gadaedos romelime daavadeba lesbosuri seqsualuri kontaqtis Sedegad? ra Tqma unda SesaZlebelia, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT lesbosuri kontaqtisas gamoyenebul praqtikebs, SegviZlia, Tamamad vTqvaT, rom arsebuli sqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi daavadebebis umravlesoba saSiSroebas warmoadgens am jgufis adamianebisTvis. mokled ganvixiloT ramdenime yvelaze gavrcelebuli infeqcia.
gonorea

* qlamidia swrafad iRupeba adamianis organizmis gareT; dainficirebisTvis saWiroa organizmSi moxvdes qlamidiebis sakmao raodenoba, rac SeuZlebelia sayofacxovrebo kontaqtis dros. qalebSi pirveladad ziandeba saSvilosnos yeli. infeqcia SeiZleba gadavides Sardis buStze, saSvilosnoze, swor nawlavze da sxv. urogenitaluri qlamidiozi azianebs Tvalebs, iwvevs reiteris daavadebas da sxv. mimdinareoba: daavadeba xasiaTdeba klinikuri formebis nairsaxeobiT - mwvavedan asimptomuramde. mimdinareoba damokidebulia gamomwvevis virulentobaze, dazianebis topografiaze, inficirebis xangrZlivobaze da daavadebulis organizmis adgilobrivi da zogadi reaqciebis gamovlinebaze.
triqomoniazi

adamianis infeqciuri daavadeba, romlis dros ZiriTadad ziandeba urogenitaluri traqtis lorwovani garsebi. sakmaod gavrcelebulia misi sxva saxelwodeba (tri peri). gadacemis gza: infeqciis gadacemis ZiriTadi gza daucveli sqesobrivi kontaqti (vaginaluri, analuri, oraluri). aseve SesaZlebelia gadacema sayofacxovrebo kontaqtiT (TeTreuli, pirsaxoci, unitazis rkali da sxv). mimdinareoba: yvelaze xSiria gonorea subieqturad asimptomuri an mcired gamoxatuli simptomebiT, romelic faruli rCeba daavadebulisTvis, da aseTi adamiani, Tavisdauneburad, warmoadgens infeqciis aqtiur gamavrcelebels. mwvave mimdinareobis dros sakmaod gamoxatulia Semdegi niSnebi: * gamonadeni (moyviTalo-momwvano, Sors wasuli procesis dros - sisxliani CanarTebiT); * sasircxo bageebis Sesieba, mtkivneuloba; * tkivili, wva Sardvisas; * sxeulis temperaturis momateba; * tkivili muclis qvemo areSi (boqveni); * tkivili da infiltracia saSosa da saSvilosnos yelSi.
u ro ge n i t a l ur i q l am i dioz i

farTod gavrcelebuli parazituli daavadeba. eqspertTa monacemebiT yovelwliurad msoflioSi avaddeba daaxloebiT 200-250 mln. adamiani. triqomonadebis SeRwevas Sardsaden milSi yovelTvis ar moyveba daavadebis ganviTareba. adamianis organizms unari aqvs, winaaRmdegoba gauwios am infeqcias. gadacemis gza: infeqciis gadacemis ZiriTadi gza daucveli sqesobrivi kontaqtia (vaginaluri, analuri, oraluri). aseve SesaZlebelia gadacema sayofacxovrebo (TeTreuli, pirsaxoci, unitazis rkali da sxv) da sisxlis kontaqtiT. xSir SemTxvevaSi triqomoniazi mimdinareobs farulad. gamwvavebis xelSemwyobi faqtorebidan yvelaze xSiria: sxvadasxva infeqciuri daavadebebi, nivTierebaTa cvlis darRveva, hormonaluri aSlilobebi, normaluri mikrofloris darRveva da sxv.

sakmaod gavrcelebuli infeqciuri sneuleba, romelic azianebs Sard-sasqeso sistemas, Tvalebs, saxsrebs, sasunTq organoebs da sxv. gadacemis gza: infeqciis gadacemis ZiriTadi gza daucveli sqesobrivi kontaqtia (vaginaluri, analuri, oraluri). sayofacxovrebo kontaqtiT gadacema nakleb SesaZlebelia, radgan:

janmrTeloba

genitaluri h erpesi

erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli virusuli infeqcia. herpes virusebis ojaxi aerTianebs 100-mde gansxvavebuli Tvisobriobis virusebs. maTgan adamianisTvis paTogenuria mxolod 8: I tipi - iwvevs sxvadasxva saxis dazianebebs saxis kansa da zeda kidurebze; II tipi - azianebs sasqeso organoebs da aseve iwvevs axalSobilTa zogierT daavadebas; III tipi - provocirebs ori damoukidebeli daavadebis ganviTarebas: Cutyvavila da sartyliseburi herpesi; IV tipi (epStein-baris virusi) - SeiZleba gaxdes infeqciuri mononukleozis mizezi; V tipi - xdeba citomegalovirusuli infeqciis mizezi; VI tipi - uaxlesi monacemebiT monawileobs qronikuli daRlilobis sindromis CamoyalibebaSi da SesaZloa, ramdenime sxva daavadebis ganviTarebaSi; VII tipi - (axali monacemebi): limfoproliferatiuli daavadebebis mizezi; VIII tipi - (axali monacemebi): kapoSis sarkomis mizezi. Cven interess iwvevs martivi herpesis virusi me-2 ti pi, rogorc yvelaze gavrcelebuli forma, romelic iwvevs genitaluri infeqciis ganviTarebas. gadacemis gza: martivi herpesis virusi xvdeba adamianis organizmSi kanisa da lorwovani garsebidan da rCeba iq mTeli cxovrebis manZilze. provocirebadi faqtorebis gavleniT, imunitetis daqveiTebis fonze, virusi mravldeba da avlens garkveul simptomebs. infeqciis gadacemis ZiriTadi gza - daucveli sqesobrivi kontaqtia (vaginaluri, analuri, oraluri). Zalian iSviaTad, gamwvavebis periodSi, SesaZlebelia, moxdes gadacema nerwyviT, TeTreuliT, higienuri saSualebebiT da sxv. mimdinareoba: pirveladi herpesi, rogorc wesi mimdinareobs usimptomod da ganapirobebs sabolood farul virusmatareblobas. pirveladi herpesuli formis dros adamiani gansakuTrebiT gadamdebia da daavadebac ufro mZimed mimdinareobs. klinikurad SeiZleba, gamoixatos gamonayari genitaliebis areSi _ wvrilbuStukovani, gamWvirvale eqsudatis Semcveli

gamonayari. 2-4 dRis Semdeg gamWvirvale siTxe imRvreva, buStukebi skdeba da warmoiqmneba eroziebi, romlebic ifareba qerqiT. 5-7 dRis Semdeg qerqi scildeba da rCeba mkrTali laqebi. daavadebuls SeiZleba awuxebdes qavili, wva, tkivili dazianebis areSi. gamoixateba sisuste, Tavis tkivili, kunTebis tkivili, temperaturis momateba, sazardulis limfuri kvanZebis gadideba da mtkivneuloba, gaxSirebuli Sardva. mas Semdeg, rac pirveladi herpesi dasruldeba (3-5 kviramde), infeqcia gadadis farul, recidivirebad formaSi. recidivebi SeiZleba, gamovlindes TveSi 2-3-jer, an ramdenime weliwadSi erTxel. recidivebis klinikuri gamovlineba damokidebulia imunitetis mdgomareobaze (vlindeba imunitetis daqveiTebisas). recidivebi mimdinareobs ufro msubuqad, vidre pirveladi herpesi.
ureaplazmozi

ureaplazmuri infeqcia an ureaplazmozi - infeqciuri daavadeba, romelic umTavresad gadaecema sqesobrivi kontaqtiT. zogierTi mkvlevaris azriT, ureaplazmozi warmoadgens mikoplazmozis nairsaxeobas. gadacemis gza: ureaplazmoziT dasnebovnebis ZiriTad gzas warmoadgens sqesobrivi kontaqti. organizmSi moxvedrili ureaplazma, SesaZlebelia, wlebis ganmavlobaSi arsebobdes yovelgvari gamovlinebis gareSe. ureaplazmebis aqtivacia xdeba organizmisTvis stresuli situaciebis pirobebSi, rodesac qveiTdeba imunuri sistemis dacviTi unari. aqtiur ureaplazmebs SeuZliaT gamoiwvion anTebiTi procesebi Sard-sasqeso traqtis nebismier doneze. mimdinareoba: pirveli niSnebi sakmaod zogadia: mciredi gamWvirvale gamonadeni da wva Sardvisas. imunuri Zalebis daqveiTebam, SeiZleba, ubiZgos procesis gamwvavebisken da gamoixatos garTulebebi: endometriti, cistiti, pielonefriti da sxv. xSirad ureaplazmozi ar viTardeba damoukideblad, aramed Tanmxlebia sxva sggd-Tan (triqomonaduli, gonokokuri da qlamidiuri infeqciebi), rac ufro amZimebs daavadebis mimdinareobas. adreul stadiaze es daavadeba iolad ikurneba.

masala

moamzada sainformacio samedicino fsiqologiurma centrma "Tanadgoma"

janmrTeloba

mxolod dapirebebiT Tanasworobas ver mivaRwevT

int ervi u u lri ke l u na ce kTan

aTiode wlis win, Cvens qveyanaSi homofobia zogierTi politikuri partiis mier TiTqmis ideologiis rangSi iqna ayvanili. winasaarCevno gamosvlebsa da debatebSi isini Riad afiqsirebdnen sakuTar pozicias. homofobiuri ganwyobis gasaZliereblad mimarTulma kampaniam Tavisi Sedegi gamoiRo. seqsualuri orientacia politikuri SantaJis mZlavr iaraRad iqca. vardebis revoluciis Semdeg mediaSi arsebuli isteriuli toni Serbilda, Tumca, politikosTa da xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa erTi nawilisaTvis arc dResaa ucxo homofobiuri Sinaarsis gancxadebebi. iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda, politikosTa didi nawili saerTod erideba am sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi raime poziciis sajarod dafiqsirebas. msgavsi periodi dasavleTis qveynebmac gamoiares. 60-70-ian wlebSi momxdarma movlenebma da adamianis seqsualobis axleburma gagebam, erTi mxriv, sxva marginalizebul jgufebTan erTad, wina planze wamoswia lgbt jgufis warmomadgenelTa uflebebis sakiTxi da meore mxriv, xeli Seuwyo im adamianebis mosvlas politikaSi, romlebic Riad afiqsirebdnen sakuTar seqsualur orientacias. avstriis parlamentis wevri, evropis mwvaneTa partiis spikeri, ulrike lunaceki, swored am ukanasknelTa rigebs miekuTvneba.

me: q-n no ulrike, Tqveni politikuri karieris dasawyisi im periods emTxveva, rodesac politikaSi pirvelad gamoCndnen lgbt aqtivistebi. am mxriv Zalian sainteresoa Tqveni gamocdileba. ramdenad mzad aRmoCnda avstriis politikuri speqtri am cvlilebebisaTvis? ulrike lunaceki: politikuri kariera 1995 wels daviwye avstriis mwvaneTa partiaSi da oTx

weliwadSi parlamentis wevri gavxdi. mas Semdeg erTaderTi parlamentari var, vinc Riad afiqsirebs lesbosur orientacias. parlamentis wevrobamde, 1996 wels, Cemi mxardaWeriT, avstriis mwvaneTa partiam specialuri lgbt komisia Camoayaliba. amJamad, avstriis cxridan Svid regionSi mwvaneebs lgbt warmomadgenlobebi aqvT Seqmnili. Cem garda, adgilobriv da regionul

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doneebze, mwvaneebs sxva wevrebic hyavT, vinc Riad afiqsirebs sakuTar seqsualur orientacias. miuxedavad imisa, rom avstriaSi homoseqsualoba 1971 wlis Semdeg dekriminalizebulia, 1996-mde jer kidev ZalaSi iyo ramdenime kanoni, romelic zRudavda lgbt sakiTxebis propagandasa da organizacias. 209-e paragrafis mixedviT, legaluri homoseqsualuri kavSirebisaTvis dawesebuli qveda asakobrivi zRvari ufro maRali iyo, vidre heteroseqsualuri kavSirebisaTvis. es paragrafi 2002 wels gauqmda. swored am periods emTxveva Cemi gaaqtiureba avstriis politikur asparezze. samuSao bevri iyo lgbt adamianebi bevr sakiTxSi uTanasworobas ganicdidnen. arc dResa varT axlos srul TanasworobasTan. meore mxriv, lesboselebisa da geebis mimarT damokidebuleba mkveTrad icvleboda dadebiTisken 1990-ian wlebSi da 1996 wels venis pirveli praidic gaimarTa. mas Semdeg es RonisZieba yovelwliurad imarTeba da mniSvnelovan wingadadgmul nabijs warmoadgens lgbt jgufis ukeT warmoCenis saqmeSi. ra Tqma unda, Cemma orientaciam imTaviTve mii pyro sazogadoebisa da politikosebis yuradReba. Tumca, minda aRvniSno, rom, ramdenadac CemTvisaa cnobili, yvela reaqcia dadebiTi da pativiscemis gamomxatveli iyo Cems mimarT. me: aqtiur politikaSi mosvlamde Tqven avstriis lesboselTa da geebis forumis (LSF) aqtivisti iyaviT. lgbt uflebebis lobirebisaTvis Tqven politikur partiebTan TanamSromlobis forma airCieT. ram ganapiroba Tqveni arCevani? ulrike lunaceki: marTlac, viyavi LSF-is wevri da kargad momexseneba, Tu raoden didi roli eniWebaT lgbt arasamTavrobo organizaciebs TanasworobisTvis brZolaSi. samoqalaqo sazogadoebas SeuZlia, sxva kuTxiT moaxdinos zemoqmedeba ama Tu im sakiTxze, vidre politikur partiebs. es saqme partiebisa da arasamTavrobo organiza-

ciebis erTsulovnebas moiTxovs, lgbt adamianebisTvis mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad. aucilebelia politikur partiebTan lobireba, gansakuTrebiT ki xelisuflebaSi myof partiebTan. poziciis Camoyalibebisas partiebma unda gaiTavison samoqalaqo sazogadoebis moTxovna. me: studentobis periodSi Tqven aqtiurad iyaviT CarTuli qalTa moZraobaSic. monawileoba miiReT insbrukis qalTa saxlis daarsebaSi, monawileobdiT qalTa gaZlierebaze orientirebul proeqtebSi sxva qveynebSic. ramdenad dagexmaraT iq miRebuli gamocdileba Tqvens politikur karieraSi? ulrike lunaceki: yovelTvis feministi viyavi. qalTa uflebebisaTvis moZraobis wevrobam amimaRla politikuri cnobiereba da gamiZliera usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg da yvela adamianis uflebebisaTvis brZolisken swrafva. es dResac prioritetulia Cems politikur moRvaweobaSi. garda amisa, feministuri midgoma damexmara imis gacnobierebaSic, rom qalebs aucileblad gvesaWiroeba kvota politikur partiebsa da korporaciebisTvis SemuSavebul finansur instrumentebSi (magaliTad, mxars ar vuWerT saxelmwifo dafinansebis moTxovnebs kompaniebis mxridan, Tu maT politikaSi ar aisaxeba genderuli balansi), raTa qalebi realurad CaerTon sazogadoebriv cxovrebasa da gansakuTrebiT, gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesebSi. es dagvexmareba gavarRvioT e.w. SuSis Weri(1) mxolod dapirebebiTa da keTili sityvebiT namdvilad ver mivaRwevT genderul Tanasworobas.
(1) glass ceiling- SuSis Weri inglisur enaSi damkvidrebuli gamoTqma, aRniSnavs erTi SexedviT uxilav barierebs, romlebic xels uSlis qals karierul winsvlaSi.

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axali qveyana
noembris kinoklubis Sexvedraze fondSi naCvenebi iyo germaneli reJisoris, kirsten nekigis dokumenturi filmi, axali qveyana, romelic ori lesboselis urTierTobaze mogviTxrobs. astridi, romelic germaniidan Camodis ruseTSi, mzrunvelobamoklebuli bavSvebisaTvis sacirko studiis Seqmnaze ocnebobs. larisa mcire Teatris direqtoria. ase ikveTeba ori adamianis gza sankt-peterburgSi. gaziarebuli siyvaruli mxolod aZlierebs axali qveynis asaSeneblad saWiro enTuziazms. Tumca, axali qveynis Sesaqmnelad mxolod enTuziazmi rodia sakmarisi. es filmis gmirebmac kargad ician. ocnebis realobad qcevisaken gadadgmul yoveli nabiji kidev erTi gamocdaa, romelic maTi grZnobebis simyares amowmebs. TviTdamkvidrebisa da realizaciis survili exmareba gmirebs, gadalaxon es dabrkolebebi. astridi da larisac nel-nela miiweven miznisaken cal-calke da erTad. kirsten nekigi hainrix biolis fondis Tbilisis ofisTan TanamSromlobs. ianvarSi ki filmis erT-erTi mTavari gmiri, astridic Camovida ramdenime dRiT. Cven visargebleT SemTxveviT da interviu vTxoveT filmis reJisorsa da mTavar gmirs Jurnal mesaTvis.
kiTxva: miuxedavad kirstenis survilisa, maqsimalurad obieqturad aesaxa Seni da leas urTierToba, es Tqvens garda, kirstenis istoriacaa. ufro sworad, es kirstenis TvaliT danaxuli urTierTobaa. rodesac ekranze ixileT sxvisi TvaliT danaxuli Tqveni cxovreba, moaxdina Tu ara aman Tqvenze gavlena. iyo Tu ara es filmi imis impulsi, rom gadagefasebinaT garkveuli movlenebi? astridi: me profesionali msaxiobi var da miCveuli var gadaRebasac da ekranze sakuTari Tavis yurebasac. filmi momewona. es Cveni pozicia iyo. Cven bunebrivebi viyaviT. arafers vumtkicebdiT samyaros, viyaviT iseTebi, rogorebic varT. kirsteni Cemi megobaria da imis codnac, rom kirsteni iseT rames ar gadaiRebda, rac ar mogvewoneboda, gvexmareboda me da leas, Tavisuflad gvegrZno Tavi gadaRebis dros. kirsteni: leas sul awuxebda kiTxva ratom SevarCie maincadamainc es wyvili. is gaurboda sensaciurobasa da skandalurobas. ar undoda, vinme mweriviT dakvirveboda. vcdilobdi, obieqturi vyofiliyavi. es Zalian Znelia, magram mainc... isini bevrs muSaobdnen da xSirad iviwyebdnen, rom iqve viyavi. astridi: upirvelesad imaze vfiqrobdi, rom filmi kargi gamosuliyo. es erTgvari eqsperimenti iyo samivesaTvis, ufro sworad, oTxivesaTvis operatori damaviwyda. roca me da leas konfliqti mogvivida, imaze vwuxdi, kirsteni amaze ras ifiqrebda. CemTvis es mniSvnelovani iyo. kirsteni xom Cemi megobaria da ara, ubralod reJisori. konfliqti ki saSinlad banaluri iyo. (icinis). kirsteni: Cvenc davibeniT. Sen oTaxSi Seikete, lea upasuxod tovebda Cvens kiTxvebs. aRar vicodiT, rogor movqceuliyaviT. bolos viyideT bevri arayi, Tevzi da qalaqgareT wasvla SemogTavazeT. is dRe kargad maxsovs Sen da lea xmas ar scemdiT erTmaneTs. Tumca, kamerasTan saubrobdiT. ambobdiT imas, risi Tqmac erTmaneTisaTvis gsurdaT. gverdigverd myofebi kameris meSveobiT esaubrebodiT erTmaneTs. maSin vigrZeni, rom ubralo vuaieristi ki ar viyavi, romelic kameriT akvirdeba sxvis cxovrebas, aramed _ megobari. vdumdi, magram Taviseburad mec vmonawileobdi Tqvens dialogSi.

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kiTxva: miznis misaRwevad aucilebeli iyo nawilobrivi qamingauTi mainc... astridi: erTi mZime epizodi maxsovs, roca ruseTis sakonsulodan cnobis aReba dagvWirda qorwinebisaTvis. ubralo cnoba mWirdeboda, rom lea im dros ar imyofeboda qorwinebaSi. maT ki mi pasuxes, rom aucilebeli iyo imis codnac, Tu visze apirebda lea gaTxovebas. cnobis asaRebadac Tavad unda misuliyo... leasTvis iq misvlac ki Zalian mZime iyo. mTeli sakonsulo Semoirbina ambavma, rom axla viRac rusi lesboseli mova, romelic germanelze gaTxovebas apirebs. iq misuls yvela akvirdeboda da xmadabla CurCulebdnen erTmaneTSi. mesmis, ra saSineleba iqneboda leasTvis es. Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs garemos. qorwilamde saxlSi davreke da mamaCems vuTxari,

samyaros, viyaviT iseTebi, rogorebic varT.

rom qorwili mqonda. miTxra, aucileblad Camovalo. avuxseni, rom es mTlad Cveulebrivi qorwili ar iqneboda. gamikvirda, roca mamaCemma mSvidad miiRo es ambavi da mi pasuxa, rom es sulac ar iyo is mizezi, rac Svilis qorwilSi Camosvlas gadaafiqrebinebda. maxsovs, patarebi rom viyaviT, mamaCemi gasabrazeblad Cems Zmas cisfers eZaxda-xolme. Tumca, Cven mainc sxva socialur garemoSi vcxovrobdiT, rasac didi mniSvneloba aqvs. albaT, amitomac Sexvda mamaCemi am ambavs ase mSvidad. kiTxva: dRes, rodesac sul ufro da ufro meti wyvili uars ambobs samoqalaqo qorwinebaze, rogorc institutze, TqvenTvis es Zalian

mniSvnelovania. es mxolod konkretul SemTxvevas ukavSirdeboda Tu dResac ase fiqrobT? astridi: qorwineba ki ara, ojaxi mWirdeboda. leasTan urTierTobebis oficialurad registrireba, pirvel rigSi, vizebTan dakavSirebuli problemebis mosaxsnelad da Tavisuflad gadasaadgileblad gvindoda. meore mxriv, es Cemi pirveli seriozuli siyvaruli iyo da vfiqrobdi, rom im adamians Sevxvdi, visTanac cxovrebis bolomde mindoda yofna. kirsteni: arcTu umniSvnelo iyo isic, rom qorwineba raRac didi siaxle iyo Tqveni urTierTobebisaTvis da es azarts gmatebdaT, tradiciul rolSi gexilaT Tavi. astridi: bavSvis aRzrda Tu ginda, ojaxzec unda ifiqro. germaniaSi amas, princi pSi, normalurad uyureben. berlini Ria qalaqia. iq advilCven ia, icxovro ise, rogorc ginda. ar vici, rogori situaciaa, vTqvaT, bavariaSi an arafers sxva regionSi, sadac sazogadoevumtkicebdiT romelime ba ufro tradiciulia. kiTxva: filmma rame damatebiTi sirTuleebi xom ar SegiqmnaT? astridi: ara, magram SeiZleba, momavalSi Segviqmnas. es eqsperimenti iyo, romelSic yvela vmonawileobdiT. erTaderTi piroba, romlis Sesrulebac kirstens evaleboda, is iyo, rom filmi ruseTSi ar eCvenebinaT. amas, SeiZleba, mZime Sedegebi mohyves magaliTad, SeiZleba, sacirko studia daxuron. Cven xom bavSvebTan vmuSaobT, maT ki SeuZliaT, es filmi Cven winaaRmdeg gamoiyenon.

astridma da leam germaniaSi iqorwines. dRes erTad aRar cxovroben, Tumca es xels ar uSliT, erTad akeTon sayvareli saqme da axali qveynis Seneba gaagrZelon. qveynisa, romelic Tavisufali iqneba sazRvrebis, cenzebisa da yalbi moralisagan.
eka aRdgomelaSvili

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TviTreprezentaciis SesaZlebloba
maskulinuri kulturisaTvis, romelSic qali da yvelaferi masTan dakavSirebuli mxolod privatul sferos ganekuTvneba da arasodes xvdeba sajaro sivrceSi, upirveles safrTxes mamakacTa homoseqsualoba warmoadgens, radgan eWvqveS ayenebs im kanonTa WeSmaritebas, romlebic mamakacis gabatonebuli mdgomareobis ganmtkicebas, gamarTlebasa da mecnierulad dasabuTebas emsaxureba. mamakacebisagan gansxvavebiT, qalebis homoerotizmi iseTive SeumCneveli iyo gareSe TvalisaTvis, rogorc Tavad qali. amgvarad, lesbosuri siyvaruli, mamakacuri Sovinizmis wyalobiT, uxilavi iyo saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi. yuradRebis centrSi mxolod is qalebi eqceodnen, vinc mamakacis seqsualur rolTan erTad, seriozul pretenzias acxadebda mamakacTa kuTvnil socialur privilegiebze. istoriam Semogvinaxa SemTxvevebi, roca qalebi Tavs mamakacad asaRebdnen da am gziT axerxebdnen TviTdamkvidrebas sajaro sferoSi qmnidnen fsevdonimis gamoyenebiT, euflebodnen mamakacur profesiebs, vaJurad gadacmulebi ibrZodnen mamakacebis gverdiT. Tuki amgvari inversia mxolod genderuli normebis sruli an nawilobriv CanacvlebiT amoiwureboda (gadacmiT Tu gadacmis gareSe) da maTi transformacia axsnadi, gamarTlebadi iyo garkveuli garemoebebiT, mamakacebs aRafrTovanebdaT kidevac qalebis amgvari simamace. erTi mniSvnelovani gamonaklisiT es qveynisaTvis (TemisaTvis, ojaxisaTvis) saWiro dros gamovlenili inversiuloba yovelTvis rCeboda genderuli rolebis Canacvlebis CarCoebSi da aramc da aramc ar vrceldeboda seqsualobaze. dedis nebadarTuli gadedakaceba, aranairad ar exeboda da ar arRvevda qalis aseqsualobis kults. qristianul kulturaSi, iseve rogorc sxva antiseqsualur kulturebSi, sadac seqsi da seqsualoba mxolod reproduqciul funqcias ukavSirdeba, qalis seqsualoba mkacrad kontroldeba. SuasaukuneebSi arsebobda qalis ori mkveTrad polarizebuli roli wmindanisa da meZavis, romelTagan erTi RvTismSobelsa da ubiwo Casaxvas ukavSirdeba, meore ki evas, rogorc pirvelcodvis saTaves. amis gamo, seqsualobis nebismieri gamovlineba qalis mxridan, Tundac kacisaken mimarTuli, yovelTvis xdeboda misi demonizaciis sababi. XIX saukunis medicina mTlianad asaxavda im epoqis antiseqsualur xasiaTs. imdroindeli mecniereba, rogorc biologiuri ise kulturuli TvalsazrisiT, normad mxolod iseT seqsualur qcevas Tvlida, romelic reproduqcias ukavSirdeboda. aseve, religiuri warmodgenebis zegavleniT, iTvleboda, rom normaluri qali an zizRs unda ganicdides seqsualuri aqtis mimarT an gulgrili mainc unda rCebodes.(1) miTi qalis normatiuli frigidulobis Sesaxeb mxolod meoce saukuneSi daimsxvra. Tumca, saukunis dasawyisSi lesboseloba, rogorc aranormatiuli seqsualoba, myarad ukavSirdeba danaSaulsa da prostitucias. am pirobebSi, qalebis umetesobisaTvis miuRebeli iyo sakuTari identobisa da cxovrebis stilis amgvarad gaformeba. kvleva, Tu rogor xdeba uxilavi lesbosuri identobis konstruireba sxvadasxva kulturul praqtikebSi enis, literaturis, xelovnebisa Tu mecnierebis meSveobiT, vrceli saubris Temaa. Jurnalis formati mxolod calkeuli sakiTxebis zedapirulad mimoxilvis saSualebas iZleva, amitomac dReisaTvis mxolod literaturasa da vizualur xelovnebaSi arsebuli ramdenime konkretuli magaliTiT SemovifarglebiT, romlebic, Cveni azriT, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs.
literatura

safos poeziidan meoce saukunemde lesbosuri urTierTobebi mxolod mamakacebis mier aRiwereba. aRiwereba, rogorc miTi an iZuleba, poeturobiTa da romantiulobiT moculi erTgvari lesbosuri matriarqati an iZulebiTi urTierToba, romelic homogenur sivrceSi iZulebiT yofnas gulisxmobs (mamakacebis omSi wasvlis Sedegad, cixeSi yofnis, gadasaxlebis, monazvnad iZulebiT aRkvecis gamo). idea erTia qalebis siyvaruli da megobroba miTia, qalebis seqsualuri ltolva

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erTmaneTisaken seqsualuri TamaSis erTgvari formaa da misi mizani mamakacis daintrigeba, misi yuadRebis miqcevaa.(2) XIX saukunis franguli literatura ukve aqtiurad qmnis moralurad degradirebuli qalisa da seqsualuri vampiris saxes (laklos saxifaTo kavSirebi, didros monazoni, zolas nana, bodleris borotebis yvavilebi...). lesbosuri urTierTobebis amgvari demonizaciis fonze, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani xdeba lesboseli da biseqsuali qalebis gamoCena samwerlo asparezze. margaret redklif holis naxevrad avtobiografiuli romani martoobis Wa dawvrilebiT aRwers axalgazrda qalis istorias, romelic Tanamedrove seqsologiis TvalTaxedviT transeqsuali ufroa, vidre lesboseli. holi qmnis fsiqologiurad gamTlianebuli, keTilSobili gmiris saxes da amgvarad cdilobs daumtkicos sazogadoebas, rom inversiul seqsualobas saerTo araferi aqvs amoralobasa da fsiqologiur paTologiebTan. holis romani, amoralobis gamo, didi xnis ganmavlobaSi akrZaluli iyo inglisSi. sxva mwerlebi da poetebi (vulfi, staini, iursenari, mak-kalersi da sxvebi) weris procesSi xSirad mimarTavdnen erTgvar kodirebis meTods. Txrobas warmarTavdnen mamakacis piriT an sayvarel adamians warmoadgendnen mamakacad (zinaida gi piusis balada); sxvisi piriT yvebian sakuTar Tavze (gertrud stainis elis b. toklasis avtobiografiaSi avtori sayvarelisa da cxovrebis Tanamgzavris saxeliT hyveba istorias sakuTar Tavze. am meTodis gamoyenebiT staini Slis sazRvrebs avtors, mTxrobelsa da subieqts Soris); qalebis sasiyvarulo urTierTobis axasiaTebdnen rogorc wminda da amaRlebul grZnobas, romelsac araferi aqvs saerTo seqsualobasTan (mag. klarisasa da salis urTierToba vulfis misis deloueiSi); mTavari gmiri androginia (vulfis orlandos gmiri ukvdavia, mxolod sxvadasxva epoqaSi sxvadasxva sqesiT gvevlineba); lesbosuri siyvarulis nacvlad aRweren mamakacTa homoseqsualur grZnobebs (margaret iursenaris aleqsisi), rac imiT SeiZleba aixsnas, rom

mamakacTa erTsqesiani siyvaruli sazogadoebisaTvis met-naklebad cnobili da saxeldebuli iyo da sxv. xSir SemTxvevaSi am kodebis gaSifvra Zalian rTulia mwerlis intimuri biografiis codnis gareSe.(3) ra Tqma unda, iyo gamonaklisebic - rene vivieni, natali kliforn berni, sofiaparnoki, romelTaTvisac safo muza da STagonebis wyaro iyo. maT xelaxla gansazRvres lesbosuri siyvaruli, rogorc sxvisadmi ltolmargaret redklif holi va, rogorc mudmivi ltolva safosaken, vinac saxeli mianiWa am swrafvas.(4) gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi aqtualuri xdeba avtobiografiuli proza. rita mae braunis avtobiografiuli romani broweulis junglebi dRemde erT-erT saukeTeso lesbosur romanad iTvleba. evfemizmebsa da grZnobebze daSifrul saubars lesbosuri urTierTobebis amsaxveli Ria teqstebi da filosofiuri eseebi enacvleba (radikaluri feministis, monik vitigis romanebi virgilius, ara da lesbosuri sxeuli, essebis krebuli sworxazovani azrovneba da sxva eseebi(5); adrian riCis poezia da eseebis krebuli, romelmac didi gavlena moaxdina Tanamedrove feminizmis Teoriaze(6)). poststruqturalizmma da qvier (queer) Teoriam didi gavlena moaxdina lesbosur avtobiografiul prozazec. 90-iani wlebis dasawyisis prozaSi aqcenti sqesTaSorisi omidan sakuTari genderuli identobis konstruirebaze gadadis, romelsac sakuTari seqsualuri identobis pozitiuri TviTaRqma udevs safuZvlad (klara jeis daikis cxovreba da lesbosuri erotika).

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vizualuri x elovneba

XIX saukunis bolos, XX-s dasawyisSi, mwerlobis kvaldakval, qalebs TviTreprezentirebis saSualeba eZlevaT vizualur xelovnebaSic. mxatvrobaSi dakanonebuli mimarTeba - mamakaci, rogorc Semoqmedi, subieqti, mzeris avtori da qali, rogorc Wvretis, tkbobis obieqti - icvleba. Tumca, Tvisobrivi cvlilebebi, rac TviTidentifikaciasa da TviTreprezentacias ukavSirdeba, gacilebiT gvian xdeba gasuli saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi. uxilavobis problemis daZleva am periodis erT-erTi umTavresi sakiTxia. erTi mxriv, Ria lesboselTa da lesbosuri urTierTobebis vizualuzacia da meore mxriv, lesboselTa moZraobis dokumentireba aqtualuri Temaa. katrin opies, qloa etkinsisa da judi franCeskonis

sindi Sermani. usaTaro

fotoarqivebi, romelic lesbosuri moZraobis istorias warmoadgens, am TvalsazrisiT fasdaudebeli da unikaluri dokumentebia. postmodernizmisa da feministuri Teoriebis gavlena TviTreprezentirebis procesebze vizualur xelovnebaSi kargad Cans iseTi cnobili xelovanebis SemoqmedebaSi, rogorebic arian sindi Sermani, barbara kriugeri, rebeka horni da sxv.

cnobili fotografi, sindi Sermani sxvadasxva kulturuli miTebisa da genderuli stereoti pebis reprezentaciisaTvis sakuTar sxeuls iyenebda da amiT, erTdroulad xdeboda subieqtic da obieqtic sakuTar namuSevrebTan mimarTebaSi. misi cnobili fotoseria kadrebi filmebidan 60-70iani wlebis dasavluri kinematografiis mier Seqmnili qalis stereoti pebis erTgvari stilizaciaa, stopkadrebis iluzia kinofilmebidan. Sermanis mier Seqmnili xatebebi imdenad ostaturadaa Sesrulebuli, rom mayurebeli xSirad ijerebda, rom esa Tu is kadri realuri filmidan iyo. Sermanis namuSevrebis Sefasebisas erT-erTi kritikosi werda: reprezentacia rogorc aseTi, filmebi, romanebi da yvelaferi sxva im meqanizmis nawilia, romelTa meSveobiTac personaJebi konstruirdeba rogorc filmebSi, ise cxovrebaSi... am logikiT, qali araferia maskaradis, imijis garda. am cnobadi stereoti puli gamosaxulebebis naxvisas mayurebeli xvdeba, erTi mxriv, rogor ikargeba am stereoti pebs miRma misi WeSmariti individualoba da meore mxriv, rogor, ra gziT xdeba im sazogadoebis nawili, romelic am stereoti pebs iziarebs. stereoti pebis gavrcelebis kidev erT mZlavr saSualebas, reklamas ukavSirdeba cnobili feministis, barbara krugeris, Semoqmedebac. aqtualuri xdeba qalis sxeulisa da gamocdilebis axleburad warmoCena. avtori qali sxvagvarad warmoaCens qalis siSiSvles. is ki ar acdunebs mayurebels, aramed - ixsneba mis winaSe. misi mizania aCvenos ara is, rac lamazia, aramed is - rac mTavaria(7). qalis sxeulis deerotizaciisa da deesTetizaciisaken iyo mimarTuli liza stilis videoartebi. statiurad damontaJebuli videokameris win liza sakuTari sxeulis istorias hyveba. Tuki manamde qalis SiSveli sxeulis Cveneba erotikul sawyisTan iyo dakavSirebuli, lizas istoria sxeulis sxva mgrZnobelobazea orientirebuli es tkivilis istoriaa. calkeuli Sramebis Cveneba da maTTan dakavSirebuli istoriebis moyola saSualebas arTmevs mayurebels datkbes qalis sxeuliT. erTi

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mxriv, sxeuli, romelic saubrobs da meore mxriv, kameris statiurobis gamo paralizebuli mzera saSualebas aZlevs xelovans, ubralo Wvretis obieqtidan subieqtad iqces.(8) sxeulebrivi gamocdilebis vizualizaciaze saubrisas, SeuZlebelia gverdi avuaroT nen goldinis Semoqmedebas. goldini 14 wlis asakSi gaiqca saxlidan. ramdenimewliani xetialis Semdeg,

erTgvari mistiuri gamocdilebis SeZenis, uCveulo samyarosTan ziarebis saSualebas gaZlevs, samyarosi, sadac ar arsebobs sazRvrebi sqesebs, sxeulebs, asakobriv jgufebs Soris. samwuxarod, iZulebuli var, visaubro mxolod dasavluri kulturis warmomadgenlebsa da iq mimdinare procesebze. amorZalebis Tema da homoerotizmi qarTul literaturasa da vizualur xelovnebaSi, seqsualuri identobisa da misi reprezentirebis sakiTxi (am xmriv Zalian sainteresoa XX saukunis dasawyisis qarTuli xelovneba) jerjerobiT Seuswavlelia da samomavlo kvleva-Ziebis sagania. eka aRdgomelaSvili
(1) ., ., . / .: , 1998. (2) . , ! , . , 2000, 4. (3) lesbosuri kulturis Seswavlis process klaudia kardi deteqtiur gamoZiebas adarebs, rac saganTa "xilulsa" da realur arss Soris sxvaobis povnas gulisxmobs. Card C. Lesbian Choices. NY, 1995. (4) lesbosur urTierTobebs "safizmsac" uwodeben xandaxan. (5) monika vitigis radikaluri filosofiuri pozicia teqstisadmi novatorul midgomaSic Cans - vitigis teqstebSi mTlianad amoRebulia sqesTan/genderTan dakavSirebuli sityvebi gramatikuli sqesis CaTvliT. vitigis azriT, genderul gansxvavebebs ar gaaCniaT ontologiuri realoba da mxolod Zalauflebriv urTierTobebzea damyarebuli: gabatonebuli jgufi (mamakacebi, TeTrkanianebi, mdidrebi) amgvarad axdenen daqvemdebarebuli jgufis (qalebi, Savkanianebi, Raribebi) markirebas, raTa gaamarTlon TavianTi gabatonebuli mdgomareoba. gansxvavebulobis funqcia interesTa konfliqtis (maT Soris ideologiuris) SeniRbvaa. (6) adriana riCs ekuTvnis ese iZulebiTi heteroseqsualoba da lesbosuri arseboba, romelSic heteroseqsualobas, iseve rogorc dedobas, politikur institutebad ganixilavs. misi azriT, lesboseloba, swored is Zalaa, romelic iZlebiT heteroseqsualobasa da mamakacTa batonobas SeiZleba daupirispirdes. (7) .. . - ., 1998 (8) . : // . .1. "". . 2001. (9) transvestitisagan" gansxvavebiT, romlisTvisac sapirispiro sqesis tansacmlis Cacma seqsualur dakmayofilebasTanaa dakavSirebuli, drag-qvinisa da drag-kingisaTvis gadacma sakuTari socialur-sqesobrivi rolis adeqvaturi gamoxatvis saSualebaa. meti groteskulobisaTvis xSirad gadacmisas azviadeben sapirispiro sqesisaTvis "damaxasiaTebel" Tvisebebs da uyvarT calkeuli detalebis xazgasma.

nen goldini. avtoportreti

nensi bostoneli drag quinebis(9) komunas SeuerTda. samyarom, romelic Tavisufali iyo yvelanairi genderuli da seqsualuri stereoti pebisagan imdenad moajadova nensi, rom komuna mis namdvil ojaxad iqca. 40 wlis ganmavlobaSi goldini mxolod ojaxis wevrebs iRebda. isini cxovrobdnen, uyvardaT, kvdebodnen pirdapir kameris win. ase Seiqmna fotoseria balada seqsualur damokidebulebaze. Tavad goldinma am fotoebis Janri gansazRvra rogorc vizualuri dRiurebi. Cven vyvebiT istoriebs, Cveni cxovrebis erTgvar versiebs daswavlils, gameorebadsa da usafrTxos. magram WeSmarit maxsovrobas, romelsac es fotoebi miRviZebs, saerTo araferi aqvs SefasebebTan da interpretaciasTan is acocxlebs fers, suns, xmebs... me Cems fizikur arsebobasa da cxovrebis gemos vgrZnob, - werda goldini wignis winasityvaobaSi. fotoTxrobis amgvari forma

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simarTlis Tqmis dro

suzan z ontagi

(1933-2004) suzan zontagi ufro meti iyo, vidre ubralod filosofosi, mwerali, eseisti an kulturologi. is ar qmnida Sedevrebs da miuxedavad amisa, did gavlenas axdenda amerikuli kulturis formirebaze. 60-70 iani wlebis avangarduli kulturis arc erTi mniSvnelovani movlena ar darCenila misi kritikuli publikaciebis miRma. kulturis bevri nimuSi swored misi wyalobiT iqca klasikad. franguli presa zontags avangardis mociquls uwodebda. swored man gaacno amerikelebs elias kaneti, eJen ionesko, Jan Jene, godaris, renesa da rifenStalis kino. zontagis azriT, kultura swored ukiduresobebiT cocxlobs, iqneba es batais pornografiuloba, rifenStalis faSizmi Tu kempis garyvniloba. Tavisi dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi recenziebiT zontagi xels uwyobda sazogadoebrivi diskusiebis provocirebas kulturuli movlenebis garSemo. misma eseebma Secvala inteleqtualuri msjelobebis klimati amerikaSi.
aranakleb aqtiurad exmaureboda zontagi socialur da politikur movlenebs. misi azrebi xSirad provokaciuli iyo da mkveTrad upirispirdeboda rogorc oficialur politikas, ise sazogadoebriv azrs. is aqtiuri uflebaTadamcveli iyo, xSirad akritikebda amerikis sagareo politikas. iugoslaviis omis dros zontagma sami weli gaatara saraevoSi. amerika ganwiruli qveyanaa, romelic sxva erebis genocids emyareba, werda zontagi. 11 seqtembris teraqtis Semdeg (es werili Jurnal arilSic daibeWda) zontagma gaakritika buSis politika da am teraqts qurduli Tavdasxma ki ara, amerikis politikis kanonzomieri Sedegi uwoda. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom es werili teraqtis momdevno dReebSi gamoqveynda, rodesac mTeli amerika teraqtis msxverplT da uZleveli da xelSeuxebeli zesaxelmwifos imijis dakargvas glovobda, bevrma es uzneobad aRiqva. Tumca, zontagi arasodes iziarebda im mosazrebas, rom simarTlis Tqma uadgilo an udroo SeiZleba iyos. is yovelTvis pirdapir da uSiSrad gamoTqvamda sakuTar azrs movlenebis Sesaxeb. pirveli aRiareba zontags kempis Sesaxeb gamoqveynebulma esem moutana(1). miuxedavad imisa, rom eseSi saerTod araa mocemuli kempis gansazRvreba, am publikaciis Semdeg, terminma kempi myarad daimkvidra adgili Tanamedrove esTetikis leqsikonSi(2).

~gaucxoeba - r CeulTa p rerogativaa; X IX s aukuneSi a ristokratias d endi C aenacvla k ulturis s akiTxebSi, a sevea k empic - e s T anamedrove d endizmia. kempi - e saa p asuxi k iTxvaze, Tu r ogor v iyoT d endi m asobrivi k ulturis s aukuneSi~ (1)
zontagma kempi homoseqsualur subkulturas da esTetikas daukavSira. am eses meSveobiT zontagma gei subkultura iatakqveSeTidan gamoiyvana da pirvelad gansazRvra geebis adgili da mniSvneloba kulturul sivrceSi. eses gamoqveynebisTanave kempi aRiarebuli kulturuli fenomeni xdeba da SeiZleba iTqvas, Cndeba kempuri esTetikisa da mgrZnobelobis kulti. amasTan erTad, Sewyda msjeloba homoseqsualTa gansakuTrebul esTetizmze. maTi wvlili aRiares kuluturulsa

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da inteleqtualur sferoSi, rac 60-iani wlebisTvis seriozuli garRveva iyo. zontagis kritikulma eseebma fotografiis Sesaxeb, romelic periodikaSi qveyndeboda, imdenad cxoveli interesi gamoiwvia, rom mogvianebiT calke wignad gamoica. fotografia warmoadgens droisa da sivrcis nawils, monakveTs. misi wya-

Taobaze, T u v in a ris q ali, v in SeiZleba i yos, r a s urs r om i yos. froids e rTi c nobili f raza miewereba: ~ RmerTo, r a u ndaT qalebs?~ w armoidgineT s amyaro, romelSic k iTxva: ~ RmerTo, r a undaT m amakacebs?~ n ormalurad aRiqmeboda... T umca, g ana SesaZlebelia a seTi s amyaros (3) warmodgena?~
lobiT movlenaTa sazRvrebi arazusti gaxda. amieridan nebismieri fotogamosaxuleba SegviZlia nebismieri TanmimdevrobiT warmovadginoT. wyveta movlenebs Soris, iseve rogorc maTi mezobloba, SeiZleba winaswar gansazRvros fotografma... fotografia amtkicebs nominalistur msoflmxedvelobas, nominalistur warmodgenas socialuri realobis Sesaxeb, rogorc movlenaze, romelic mci-

re fragmentebis usasrulo mwkrivisagan Sedgeba, maTi damafiqsirebeli kadrebis usasrulo raodenobis msgavsad. fotografiam informaciis cneba Secvala, zontagma ki - warmodgena fotografiaze. suzan zontagi 2004 wels gardaicvala leikemiiT. man SeZlo da xangrZlivi avadmyofobis mZime gamocdileba SesaniSnav esed aqcia. eseSi daava~me v akeTeb a mas, m e v uZleb deba, rogorc metafora zontagi aRwers, Tu rogor aqcevs gadamdeb da saSiS daavadebebs kulamas, m e m inda e s... i mitom, r om qali v ar. m e v akeTeb r aRacas, m e tura metaforad, daavadebuli da misi avadmyofoba tabuirebuli xdeba sazogadoebisaTvis, rovuZleb r aRacas, m e m inda melsac amaze fiqric ki warmoudgenel panikaSi raRac... m iuxedavad i misa, r om agdebs. ufro metic, akrZaluli xdeba Tavad Siqali v ar. r adganac q alebis Sis gamomJRavnebac... misi megobris, eni leiboviarasrulfasovneba ` damtkicebuli cis bolo fotoalbomSi fotografis cxovreba, Sesulia kiboTi daavadebuli mwerlis sicocfaqtia~ d a q alebi k ulturul xlis ukanaskneli wuTebis amsaxveli fotoebi. umciresobad m oiazrebian, zontagma kidev erTxel daarRvia tabu, amjerad kvlavac g rZeldeba m sjeloba i mis enis meSveobiT da enisTan erTad.
(1) Sontag, Susan (1964). Notes on Camp in Against Interpretation and Other Essays. NY: 1968 (2) termini aRwers specifiur esTetiur gemovnebas, romelic safuZvlad udevs specialurad kultivirebul mgrZnobelobas, gansakuTrebul esTetikur grZnobas, romelic orientirebulia groteskulobamde miyvanil uCveulo aRqmaze. xandaxan vulgarulia, uxamsi, pornografiuli, uxeSi, magram xSirad - ukiduresad daxvewili Tavis esTetizmSi (uaildiseuli), rogorc cxovrebaSi, ise xelovnebaSi. "dendizmis gamovlineba masobrivi kulturis saukuneSi", rogorc mas zontagi uwodebs ( :
- . . :.2003). Tavad zontagi gaurbis raime konkretul

gansazRvrebas. ese Sedgeba danomrili SeniSvnebisagan, romlebSic zontagi ubralod, axasiaTebs kemps da saSualebas gvaZlevs SevigrZnoT is, radgan "kempi iseTive cvalebadia, rogorc kultura" ( .
// . . 1960-70- . ., 1997).

(3) Susan Sontag. A photograph Is not Opinion. Or Is It? "Women" (Random House, 1999)

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zRvari elitarul da araelitarul kulturas Soris

eni l eibovici

eni leibovici Tanamedroveobis erT-erTi gamoCenili da warmatebuli fotografia. kariera man Jurnal Rolling Stones-is fotografobiT daiwyo. 1983 wels eni amerikis yvelaze varskvlavur JurnalSi Vanity Fair-Si gadavida samuSaod. 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi ki sakuTar studia gaxsna. gamocemuli aqvs ramdenime wigni (Photographs: Annie Leibovitz 1970-1990, American Olympians, Dancers (Photographers at Work), Women, American Music, A Photographer's Life, 19902005)
leibovics sayovelTao aRiareba amerikuli popkulturis varskvlavebisa da cnobil politikosTa portretebma moutana. swored es warmoadgens dRemde kritikosTa davis sababsac. maTi erTi nawili leibovics varskvlavebze fokusirebuli, komerciuli produqciis gamo akritikebs, meore nawili ki avtoris SemoqmedebiTobaze akeTebs aqcents da amiT xazs usvams misi namuSevrebis, rogorc popkulturis fotoistoriis Seqmnis mniSvnelovnebas. eni gviCvenebs varskvlavebs ise, rogorc es maT surT da rogorc publika icnobs, magram uCveulo situaciebSi da moulodneli rakursiT. misi namuSevrebi uCveulo siTamamiT gamoirCeva. eni inteleqtualia, romelic masobriv kulturaSi muSaobs. Tumca mas, visac leibovicis bolo namuSevrebi unaxavs, darwmundeba, rom enis Tanabrad ainteresebs popkulturis varskvlavebic, yovlisSemZle politikosebic, iugoslaviis omica da Sidsis msxverplnic. qalebi, romelzec suzan zontagTan erTad sami wlis ganmavlobaSi muSaobda, enis erT-erT yvelaze warmatebul proeqtad iTvleba. albomi pirvelad 1999 wels gamoica da dRemde bestselerad iTvleba. albomSi 170 portretia warmodgenili. wigni enis dedis suraTiT iwyeba da zontagis fotoTi mTavrdeba. fotoebs Tan personaJebis mcire biografiebic erTvis. albomSi Sesulia rogorc gamoCenili, aseve mxolod viwro wrisaTvis cnobili qalebis portretebi. gamoCenili adamianebi am galereaSi ufro nakleb mniSvelovanni xdebian, vidre realur cxovrebaSi. es asec unda momxdariyo - Cveni idea xom sxvadasxva adamianebis Cveneba iyo, - werda eni. qalebis idea zontags ekuTvnoda. mas modelebis Tavisi sia hqonda, ens ki Tavisi. proeqtze sami wlis ganmavlobaSi vmuSaobdiT. viRebdi fo-

pati smiTi

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toebs, vcdilobdi warmomedgina, ra adgils daikavebdnen isini Cems momaval wignSi, vfiqrobdi, vakvirdebodi, vaanalizebdi... meCveneboda, rom raRac

1. luiz burguazi - moqandake 2. reimonda devisi - jariskaci 3. martina navratilova - tenisisti 4. venus da serena uiliamsebi - tenisistebi 5. kristian amanpuri (centrSi), maria fliti (maris Jurnalistebi jvniv), jein evansi (marcxniv) - CNN-i 6. elis uotersi - restornis mepatrone

gamomrCa, raRacas ise ar vakeTebdi, rogorc saWiro iyo. bolosdabolos mivxvdi, rom sxvadasxva specialobis qalebi mWirdeboda. vi pove qali meSaxteebi, kaliforniaSi fermer qalebs vestumre... vfiqrobdi musulman qalebze, romelTa sxeulebic, popvarskvlavTagan gansxvavebiT, yovelTvis dafarulia ucxo mzerisagan... am qalebis winaSe did pasuxismgeblobas vgrZnobdi, romelic mboWav-

da. ufleba ar mqonda, imedi gamecruebina maTTvis. Tavad qali var da mSvenivrad vici, ras niSnavs sakuTari Rirsebis grZnoba. zontags didi adgili ekava leibovicis cxovrebaSi. albomSi A Photographer's Life, 19902005, romelic misi cxovrebis bolo periods asaxavs, zontagis uamravi fotoa. maT Soris, avadmyofobis dros gadaRebulic da gardacvlilisac. bolo fotoebs TiTqmis transSi myofi viRebdi. didxans vfiqrobdi, Semetana Tu ara es fotoebi albomSi... wignSi Zalian bevri mZime momentia Cemi cxovrebidan. sxvagvarad ar SemeZlo. magram arc es wigni Seiqmneboda, zontags rom ar Sevxvedrodi oci wlis win... is maSin Semovida Cems cxovrebaSi, roca veZebdi adamians, romelic damexmareboda imis gagebaSi, Tu rogor unda gamegrZelebina cxovreba da muSaoba. yovelTvis msiamovnebda misi yuradReba, maSinac ki, roca is kritikuli iyo Cemi namuSevrebis mimarT... rac dro gadis, miT ufro mZafrad vgrZnob, rogor maklia siuzani. is irCevda gzas, romlis miyolac namdvilad Rirda. roca rameze vkamaTobdiT, es harvardis inteleqtualTa gundTan debatebs ufro waagavda. saboloo jamSi, is yovelTvis marTali iyo. mas yovelTvis hqonda mkafio pozicia imis mimarT, rac garSemo xdeboda,ambobs eni. fotografis cxovrebaSiavtoportretebis, ojaxis wevrebisa da megobrebis garda, popvarskvlavTa fotoebicaa Sesuli. albomSi Sesuli varskvlavuri fotoebi stilisturadac da teqnikuradac imdenad gansxvavebulia enis, misi megobrebisa da ojaxis wevrTa Teatralobisa da dramatulobisagan Tavisufali, yofiTi fotoebisgan, rom uneburad xelovnurobisa da siyalbis SegrZneba giCndeba. Tavad avtori Tvlis, rom gverdigverd moTavsebuli kontrastebi ufro sainteresos xdis wigns. vfiqrob, siuzans moewoneboda Cemi arCevani,- ambobs eni, is xom yovelTvis cdilobda waeSala zRvari elitarul da araelitarul kulturas Soris. momzadebulia internetis masalebis mixedviT

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lesbosuri poezia
emi l oueli

(1874-1925) louelis poeturi kariera 1902 wels daiwyo, rodesac man scenaze pirvelad ixila eleonora duze da misi mSvenierebiT moxiblulma, Tavisi pirveli leqsebis cikli miuZRvna. emi da eleonora sicocxlis bolomde megobrebad darCnen. emis meore da udidesi siyvaruli, msaxiobi ada raseli iyo. 1909 wlidan moyolebuli, emis gardacvalebamde wyvili erTad cxovrobda. louelis leqsebis didi nawili swored adas eZRvneba. Tavdapirvelad es leqsebi bundovan miniSnebebs Seicavda, Tumca, mogvianebiT emi sul ufro naklebad cdilobda, daemala, rom misi muza qali iyo, leqsebic, Sesabamisad, sul ufro Tamami da Riad erotikuli iyo. kritikosebma aseTi siTamame emi louels ar apaties. mas xSirad esxmodnen Tavs, Tumca, ufro metad is aRizianebdaT, rom emi xSirad mamakacis tansacmels atarebda, sajaro adgilebSi sigarebs eweoda da arc lesboselobas malavda. misi poezia ki CrdilSi darCa. poetis gardacvalebidan erTi wlis Semdeg, 1926 wels, emi louelis leqsebis krebuls "What's O'Clock" puliceris premia mieniWa. dReisaTvis loueli amerikuli poeziis klasikosad iTvleba.
taqsi

*** moxvedi ase - wiTeli Rvino, Taflgareuli da sitkboebam tuCebi damwva. ase nanatrs, surnels afrqvev purisas, diliT rom gamoacxves. pirs ar gakareb, TiTqmis ara magram rad minda, Sens gemos isec kargad vicnob, da es cnoba myofnis sakvebad. *** Sen mogmarTav, ayvavebuli vaSlis xis qveS rom wamaswari axlad ganbanils, netav mogexrCve, sanam Sens xmas gamagonebdi, amomavse Seni sityvebis veluri TafliT da umowyalod gamimete tyis futkrebisTvis.

mivdivar Sengan... sicocxlis xmebi kvdeba nel-nela, TiTqos sadRac, Zalian Sors, dols ususurad ukravdes viRac. caze moWedil varskvlavebs vuxmob me Sens saxels da qaris farflebs vvedreb amaod. quCebi ukan mifrinaven, sul ufro swrafad maSoreben Sengan, Zvirfaso, da moelvare lampionebi Tvalebs mkawraven, veRar gxedav, Seni saxe wydviadSi qreba. ar migatoveb! bnel Rames - msusxavs, basrpirians Tavs arafriT movakvlevineb!

ma asa ala a moa amza ada a nino WeliZem

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FORWARD Lesbian / bisexual Women The issue of the Magazine is dedicated to lesbian and bisexual women. Unlike male same sex love, female homosexuality, until recently, was never the subject to public discussions, as the main problem of lesbians has always been invisibility. Studying lesbian issues as the problem of invisible individual and group identity, has relatively shorter history even in the Western countries; and there are only few starting attempts of such researches in Georgia. Therefore, the 4th issue of the magazine ME is trying to fill the gap, to speak about lesbian and bisexual women's self/representation in politics, visual arts and literature. NEWS Georgia and the World at glance This section provides updates on major happenings in the country and abroad. The top issues are the successful launch of Inclusive Foundation web-site which has already gained wide public attraction (over 2 000 unique visitors by the end of March 2006); brief review of local media; news on the important steps taken by the Public Defender Office of Georgia (7 pages on LGBT issues included in Ombudsman's biannual report, roundtables/ workshop on LGBT problems etc.); launch of a qualitative study of LGBT community sexual behaviour initiated by the partner organisation Tanadgoma aiming at providing prevention intervention planning; participation of IF in Council of Europe `All different all equal` campaign etc. The World News section covers such important issues as UN activities in the field of LGBT rights (announcement of Yogyakarta principles among them); brief review of the current situation in Poland and the results of Euro-barometer of discrimination (including its Georgian analogue). Visit our web-site for the full texts. RIGHTS: Yogyakarta Principles A short summary of Yogyakarta Principles is presented in the Rights section of the magazine. This unique document concerns sexual orientation, gender identity and international regulations. It includes guidelines/recommendations to all UN member countries in the field of LGBT Right protection.

HEALTH: Center Tanadgoma provides useful information on different STIs that pose the risk even during the solely female love, including symptoms and detailed prevention measures to be taken. INTERVIEW: Ulrike Lunacek, MP, Austria Interview with Ms Lunacek, an out lesbian member of Austrian Parliament concerns her extensive experience in the fight for LGBT rights. This is a success story of a strong person who managed to break the 'glass ceiling' overcoming many obstacles. Kirsten Neckig, German film director Interview with the German film director Kirsten Neckig and Astrid (the heroine of the documentary about the love affair of a lesbian couple). The film, 'New Land' was screened at IF movie club in November 2006. Kirsten and Astrid give a touching behind-scenes history of the film. STUDY A cultural study 'Invisible Identity - possibility of self/representation' by Eka Aghdgomelashvili takes a close up look at the practices of lesbian/bisexual women who struggled to make their voices heard throughout the world; the study covers western cultures and such names as Sappho, Gertrude Stein, Virginia Woolf, Monique Wittig, Cindy Sherman, Barbara Kruger, Nan Goldin, etc. ARTS & CULTURE Double profile: Susan Sontag/ Annie Leibovitz The life stories of the two brilliant women, a philosopher and a photographer. The women who shook the world with their daring thoughts, the women who never made compromises either in their arts or in private lives and who changed our perception of elite an nonelite cultures forever. Poetry: Amy Lowell Original translations of Amy Lowell's erotic poetry, dedicated to the women of her life, prominent actresses Eleonora Duse and Ada Dwyer Russel.

Cover photos: Gregory Regini On-line version of the magazine is available at our website

www.inclusive-ff oundation.org