Tavi 7

jgufebi

jgufi warmoadgens adamianis cxovrebis bunebriv formas. yovel mocemul

momentSi individi ramdenime formaluri da araformaluri jgufis wevria.
socialuri fsiqologiis erTerT mniSvnelovan problemas warmoadgens imis
garkveva, Tu ra icvleba individSi roca is jgufis wevri xdeba.
saerTod socialuri fsiqologiis rogorc fsiqologiis erTerTi dargis
Camoyalibeba jgufis rogorc damoukidebel realobis aRiarebis Semdeg gaxda
SesaZlebeli. es ki X1X s. cnobili sociologebis, pirvel rigSi, diurgheimi
damsaxurebaa. pirvelad maT miuTiTes jgufze rogorc damoukidebel realobaze.
cnobilia jgufisadmi midgomis ori Tvalsazrisi: individualisturi
Tezisi da jgufuri gonis Tezisi. individualisturi midgomis arsi Semdegia:
fsiqologiur procesebs adgili aqvT mxolod individebSi, romlebic
warmoadgenen erTaderT, dakvirvebisTvis misawvdom realobas; mxolod individs
SeuZlia siyvaruli da siZulvili, aRqma da azrovneba. mxolod individi
Rebulobs gadawyvetilebas da a.S. Sesabamisad varaudoben, rom individi
warmoadgens erTaderT realobas, xolo jgufi warmoadgens fiqtiur
abstraqcias.
am Tvalsazrisis sawinaaRmdego TvalTaxedvas warmoadgens jgufis gonis
Tezisi. es Tvalsazrisi uSvebs, rom rodesac adamianebi cxovroben da moqmedeben
jgufSi, warmoiSvebian Zalebi da movlenebi, romlebic mihyvebian TavianT
kanonebs romelTa aRwera ar SeiZleba im individTa Tvisebebis aRweriT,
romlebic qmnian jgufebs. jgufuri goni warmoadgens process, romelic
individualistur procesebze maRla dgas. jgufs, maTi azriT, gaaCnia sakuTari
kanonebi, romlebic gansxvavdebian individualuri maxasiaTeblebidan da amdenad
maTi dayvana individebamde ar SeiZleba. diurgheimi laparakobs jgufis mentalur
mTlianobaze. amdenad am midgomis warmomadgenlebi xazs usvamen,rom
individualur, fsiqologiuri faqtebidan ar SegviZlia gamoviyvanoT socialuri
procesebi. socialur faqtebs gaaCnia sakuTari kanonebi, socialuri erTianoba
aris sazogadoeba da misi procesebi. individi maTi azriT warmoadgens mxolod
da mxolod socialuri sxeulis ujreds.
olportma scada am ori urTierTsawinaaRmdego radikaluri mosazrebis
Serigeba, misTvis damaxasiaTebeli eqleqtikuri midgomiT. misi azriT, miuxedavad
imisa, rom Cven SeiZleba verasodes gavigoT institutebi warmoadgenen Tu ara
damoukidebel realobebs, sinamdvileSi igi warmoSobs mniSvnelovan gansxvavebas
Cvens azrovnebasa da cxovrebaSi Tu Cven vimoqmedebT ise, TiTqos isini realurni
yofiliyvnen. amasTan, olportis azriT is rom Cven ar SegviZlia institutebis
zusti denotacia, ar unda CavTvaloT imis sabuTad, rom isini ar arseboben.
rogorc vxedavT jgufis realobis Sesaxeb arsebobs azrTa sxvadasxvaoba.
magram faqtia isic, rom jgufis realurobis aRiarebam dasabami misca kvlevebs,
romelic socialuri fsiqologiis kvlevebis safuZveli gaxda. SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom socialuri fsiqologia emyareba jgufis realurad arsebobis Sesaxeb
mosazrebas.
is rom individi xdeba jgufis nawili, rom individi moqmedebs sxvebTan
erTad, raTa miRweul iqnas saerTo mizani, adamians individualuri arsebidan
gardaqmnis sazogadoebriv arsebad. icvleba misi individualuri maxasiaTeblebi,
icvleba misi kognicia da qceva. is fiqrobs da iqceva ise, rogorc sxvebi
moelian misgan, rogorc jgufi moiTxovs misgan. radgan individi yovelTvis
romelime formaluri an araformaluri jgufis wevria, es mniSvnelovan gavlenas
axdens individze garkveul konteqstSi. am kuTxiT ganixilavs socialuri
fsiqologia jgufis problemas.

ratom erTiandebian adamianebi jgufSi?

am kiTxvaze, Zalian zogadad, socialuri fsiqologia Semdeg pasuxs iZleva:
pirveli, jgufi gvexmareba davikmayofiloT mniSvnelovani fsiqologiuri da
socialuri moTxovnilebebi, rogoricaa miviRoT da gavceT yuradReba an
gvqondes mikuTvnebulobis grZnoba. meore, jgufi gvexmareba mivaRwioT miznebs,
romlebsac ver mivaRwevdiT damoukideblad. sxvasTan erTad muSaobiT Cven
xSirad SegviZlia SevasruloT saqme romelsac Cven TviTon ver SevasrulebdiT.
mesame, jgufis wevrebi xSirad gvamarageben codniT da informaciiT romlis
miRebas sxvanairad ver movaxerxebdiT, an Zalian Zneli iqneboda damoukideblad
misi miReba. meoTxe, jgufi gvexmareba uSiSroebis moTxovnilebis
dakmayofilebaSi rac metad mniSvnelovania adamianisaTvis. dabolos, jgufis
wevroba xels uwyobs pozitiuri socialuri identurobis Camoyalibebas, is
xdeba Cveni self-koncefciis nawili. Tanamedrove kvlevebi miuTiTeben, rom
adamianebi romlebic miekuTvnebian 3marginalizirebul4 jgufebs, romlebic
CaTvlilia rom arian devinturebi magaliTad gadaxrili seqsualuri praqtikis,
an adamianebi romlebic miekuTvnebian eqxtremistul politikur partiebs -
ayalibeben ufro Zlier identurobas TavianT jgufTan da agreTve ganicdian
self-misaRebobis da aRiarebis maRal survils e.i. survils gamoavlinon
TavianTi dafaruli identuroba. saerTod CaTvlilia,rom rac ufro prestiJulia
jgufi, romelsac mivekuTvnebiT, miT ufro mxardaWerilia Cveni self-koncefcia.

jgufebis buneba da moqmedeba.

adamianebis erToba rom ganxiluli iqnas rogorc jgufi, is unda
akmayofilebdes garkveul pirobebs: pirveli, adamianebi CarTuli unda iyvnen
garkveuli saxis socialur urTierTobebSi. garkveul sivrceSi mxolod
erTidaimave dros yofna ar aris sakmarisi rom is ganxilul iqnas rogorc
jgufi; meore, isini unda iyvnen urTierTdamokidebulni, is rac SeemTxveva
erTerT maTgans unda moqmedebdes imaze, rac mouva sxvas. mesame, urTierToba
unda iyos myari, unda gauZlos dros. meoTxe, adamianebs unda hqondeT saerTo
mizani. es imas niSnavs, rom jgufi garkveuli miznisTvis yalibdeba; da bolos,
adamianebi, unda aRiqvamdnen TavianT Tavs rogorc mikuTvnebuls jgufisadmi.
amrigad, jgufi aris ori an meti individis erTianoba, romlebic arian
socialur urTierTqmedebaSi, aqvT myari struqturuli urTierTqmedeba
erTmaneTTan, arian urTierTdamokidebulni, aqvT saerTo miznebi da aRiqvamen,
rom arian jgufis wevrebi.
rogorc aRvniSneT, jgufi gavlenas axdens mis wevrebze. zemoT mocemuli
definiciis Semdeg es ar unda iyos gasakviri. radgan Tu individi ekuTvnis
jgufs, inawilebs saerTo miznebs, urTierTqmedebaSia sxvebTan, logikuria
movelodeT, rom isini gavlenas moaxdenen erTmaneTze. Tu ra meqanizmebi aqvs
jgufs mis wevrebze gavlenis mosaxdenad amaze sruli pasuxi moiTxovs mTel rig
gansxvavebul procesebze saubars. SeiZleba vilaparakoT konformulobaze da mis
faqtorebze, darwmunebis fsiqologiur meqanizmebze, interpersonaluri
mowonebis mniSvnelobaze, magram am sakiTxebze Cven ukve gvqonda saubari, amitom
aq amaze ar SevCerdebiT. aq ganvixilavT specifikurad jgufis maxasiaTeblebs,
romlebic gansazRvraven gavlenis efeqturobas. esaa maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic
jgufis struqturiT da dinamikiT ganisazRvreba.

jgufis struqtura

jgufis struqturaSi arCeven Zalis, komunikaciis da interpersonaluri

mizidulobis struqturebs. raTqmaunda es struqturebi SeiZleba nawilobriv
daemTxvnen ervmaneTs, magram maTi ufro srulyofili gagebis mizniT saWirod
CavTvaleT maTi damoukidebeli ganxilva. mag. xSirad jgufSi swored yvelaze
meti Zalis mqone pirovneba - lideri iRebs sxvebze met komunikacias da SeiZleba
sxTebze ufro metad iyos mowonebuli magram es sami, Zala, mowoneba da
komunikacia, SeiZleba erT jgufSi sxvadasxva individebSi ganawildes.
 Zalis struqtura. formalur jgufebSi struqtura jgufis organizaciis
monaxazs iZleva. struqtura Cveulebriv ierarqiulia. araformalur
organizaciebs SeiZleba Cveulebriv ar hqondes organizaciuli struqtura,
magram miuxedavad amisa, SeiZleba hqondeT Zalis struqtura. erTi an ori
individi SeiZleba ufro aRiarebuli iyos rogorc Zalis mqone vidre sxvebi.
jgufebSi individebis diferenciacia xdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ra roli
ukavia mas jgufSi.
rolebi: - diferenciacia jgufSi. aRmoCnda, rom jgufSi arsebobs sakmaod
gansxvavebuli funqciebi. jgufebSi individebi gansxvavebul saqmes akeTeben da
misgan moelian jgufisaTvis mocemuli specifikuri saqmis Sesrulebas, mokled
isini gansxvavebul rolebs asruleben. rolebi xSirad dadgenilia formalurad,
mag. lideri an xazinadari da a.S. sxva SemTxvevaSi individebi gansxvavebuli
rolisaken maTi interesebis da unarebis safuZvelze miiswrafian, am rolisadmi
formaluri miweris gareSe. mag. informaciis lideri, socialuri lideri da
sxva. raki am meqanizmiT individs jgufSi specifikuri roli miewereba, sxvebi
moelian, rom is garkveuli maneriT moiqceva. aseTi roluri molodinebi
SeiZleba Zalian Zlieri iyos da isini xSirad qmnian mniSvnelovan gzebs,
romelSic jgufi Zlier gavlenas axdens mis wevrebze.
erTerTi xazgasmuli da universaluri faqti jgufis Sesaxeb aris is, rom
mas yovelTvis hyavs lideri. jgufis struqturaSi liders gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba eniWeba.

lideroba. lideris ZiriTadi atributia gavlena. jgufSi lideri aris is,

romelsac yvelaze meti gavlena aqvs jgufis aqtiobaze da rwmenebze. lideri
sawyiss aZlevs aqtiobebs, adgens rigs, iRebs gadawyvetilebebs, axdens jgufis
wevrebs Soris disputebis regulirebas da Sefasebas. lideri adgens imas, Tu ra
aris misaRebi da ra aris miuRebeli. esaa is funqciebi romlebic gansazRvraven
lideris gavlenas jgufze. SeiZleba romelime mocemuli lideri ver asrulebdes
yvela am funqcias, magram iyo lideri niSnavs umetesoba maTgans asrulebde.
erTi gza gaxde lideri aris daniSvna, roca liders niSnavs sxva romelic
jgufis gareTaa. daniSnuli lideri imyofeba ra avtoritetis poziciaSi, mas
tendencia aqvs gaxdes realuri lideri. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom xSirad
arsebobs mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba daniSnul lidersa da imas Soris, romelic
spontanurad xdeba lideri. amas gansazRvravs is, rom jgufi xSirad ar fiqrobs,
rom daniSnuli lideri Rirsia misi poziciisa. ar Tvlian rom is aris kanonieri
lideri. gamomdinare aqedan, kvlevebi naTlad adastureben, rom daniSnuli
lideri nakleb efeqturia vidre spontanurad arCeuli lideri.
dgeba sakiTxi, vin xdeba lideri? ratom xdebian zogierTebi da ara sxvebi
avtoritetis poziciaSi? da meore, ra faqtorebi gansazRvraven lideris
warmatebas mas Semdeg rac miiRes es roli?
liderebi ibadebian Tu xdebian? saRi azri uSvebs, rom liderebi ibadebian.
uSveben rom cnobili liderebi gansxvavdebian umravlesoba adamianebisagan bevr
rameSi. cnobili politikosi, sportis gamoCenili varskvlavebi, xSirad Cans, rom
floben specifikur 3auras4 rac gamoyofs maT sxva adamianebisagan. aqedan
Camoyalibda liderobis e.w. didi adamianis Teoria, anu specifikuri
maxasiaTebeli Tvisebebis Teoria. am midgomis Tanaxmad gamokveTili lideri
flobs specifikur maxasiaTebel Tvisebebs romliTac isini gansxvavdebian
danarCeni adamianebisagan. es maxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi ucvlelia drodan droSi
da jgufidan jgufSi. ase rom yvela did liders aqvs erTidaigive maxasiaTebeli
Tvisebebi, miuxedavad imisa rodis da sad cxovrobda is.
es aris macdunebeli daSveba da Tanac rogorc Cans iseTi, romelic
kargad ergeba saR azrs da xSirad 3sakuTar gamocdilebasac4. magram kvlevebSi
es hipoTeza myarad ar dasturdeba. mravali gamokvleva mieZRvna am sakiTxs,
magram Sedegebi odnav Tu uWeren mxars am daSvebas. Seswavlili iqna iseTi
pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi, rogoricaa: fizikuri maxasiaTeblebi- asaki, wona,
simaRle, Sesaxedaoba; socialuri foni- ganaTleba, socialuri statusi, ojaxis
foni; inteligentoba- unarebi, msjelobis unari, gadawyvetilebis miReba,
Seferxebuli metyveleba; wminda pirovnuli Tvisebebi- damokidebuleba-
damoukidebloba, TviTdarwmunebuloba, dominanturoba, agresiuloba; amocanasTan
dakavSirebuli maxasiaTeblebi- miRwevis moTxovnileba, iniciativianoba,
daJinebiToba, pasuxismgeblobis moTxovnileba; socialuri maxasiaTeblebi --
adaptaciis unari, mimzidveloba, TanamSromloba, interpersonaluri unarebi.
miRebuli Sedegebi aCvenebda tendencias rom efeqturi liderebi iyvnen
ufro gambedavebi, inteligentebi, TviTdarwmunebulebi, eqstravertebi, ufro
efeqturni komunikaciebSi da a.S.
erTerT kvlevaSi gaaanalizes xuTi pirovnuli maxasiaTebeli Tvisebis
qlasteris mniSvneloba: miRwevis moTxovnileba, inteligentoba, self-
aqtualizaciis moTxovnileba, TviTdarwmunebuloba da gadawyvetilebis unari.
Sedegebma aCvena, rom efeqtur liders aqvs miRwevis maRali moTxovnileba da
imoqmedos damoukideblad da TviTdajerebulad. liderobis unari korelaciaSia
msjelobis da komunikaciis unarTan. amasTan, inteligentoba efeqturia garkveul
rangebSi: kerZod - Zalian maRali da Zalian dabali done, iZleva warmatebis
nakleb Sanss.
yvela am gamokvlevaTa Sedegebis saerTo analizi aCvenebda, rom garkveul
maxasiaTebel Tvisebebs SeuZlia garkveuli roli iTamaSos imis gansazRvraSi Tu
vin iqneba lideri, yovel SemTxvevaSi garkveul konteqstSi, magram isini ar
varaudoben, rom yvela lideri inawilebs am maxasiaTebel Tvisebebs, an rom am
Tvisebebs moiTxovs lideroba yovelTvis da yvelgan.
Semdegi midgoma, romelic gansxvavdeba didi adamianis Teoriisagan aris e.w.
bihevioristuli midgoma, romelic xazs usvams imas, Tu ras akeTebs lideri,
rogoria misi stili. aRniSnuli midgoma arsebiTad gamoyofs liderobis or
stils: amocanaze orientirebul da TanamSromelze orientirebul stils anu
avtokratuli da demokratiuli stili, anu saqmeze, Sedegze orientirebuli da
adamianze orientirebuli stili.
liderobisadmi bihevioristuli midgomis SezRuduloba,
urTierTsawinaaRmdego Sedegebma mkvlevarebi miiyvana kvlevis mimarTulebis
Secvlamde. kerZod, xazgasmuli iqna situaciuri faqtorebis mniSvneloba,
miTiTebul iqna, rom liderobis efeqturoba damokidebulia situaciuri
faqtorebis diagnozirebasa da situaciis dinamikaze.
diagnostikurobaze xazgasma liderisagan moiTxovda sul mcire oTxi
faqtoris Semowmebas: menejeruli maxasiaTeblebis; daqiravebulTa
maxasiaTeblebis; amocanis maxasiaTeblebis da organizaciis maxasiaTeblebis.
situaciuri faqtorebi Tu rogor iWrebian liderobis kvlevebSi, amis
naTel magaliTs iZleva fidleris albaTuri modeli da e.w. saSualeba-mizani
Teoria: saSualeba-mizani Teoria cdilobs lideris efeqturoba Seiswavlos
gansxvavebul situaciebSi. Teoria varaudobs, rom lideris efeqturoba
damokidebulia misi daqiravebulobis motivaciasTan kavSirze. kerZod, modeli
arsebiTad fokusirebulia imaze, Tu rogor axdens lideri gavlenas
daqiravebulis mier Sromis miznis an jildos aRqmaze da agreTve im
saSualebebze an qcevaze, romelic miiyvans daqiravebuls miznis warmatebiT
Sesrulebamde. Teoria arsebiTad emyareba motivaciis molodinis Teorias.
fidleris albaTuri midgoma. liderebi ar arian erTnairi. zogierTi
efeqturia da garkveuli wvlili Seaqvs misi mimdevrebis rogorc SesrulebaSi
ise moralSi, maSin roca sxvebi amas ver axerxeben. Tu ra faqtorebi
gansazRvraven lideris warmatebas, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, warmoadgens
mravali kvlevis sagans. Taviseburi mimarTuleba misca am kvlevebs fidlerma
(Fiedler,1978)F
fidleri mis mier SemoTavazebul models albaTur Teorias uwodebs.
misi azriT lideris wvlili jgufis warmatebaSi determinirebulia rogorc
lideris maxasiaTebeli TvisebebiT, ise situaciis maxasiaTeblebiT, romelSic
moqmedebs jgufi.
lideris maxasiaTeblebidan fidleri gansakuTrebiT gamoyofs mis mier
umciresad upiratesoba miniWebuli TanamSromlis (Least Prefered Co-worker LPC)
Sefasebas. LPC fidleris azriT miuTiTebs lideris tendenciaze individi,
romelTanac Znelad Tvlis muSaobas, Seafasos keTilganwyobiT Tu
arakeTilganwyobiT. lideri romelic am individs aRiqvams negatiurad (dabali
LPC lideri) Cans rom zrunavs amocanaze, mis warmatebiT Sesrulebaze. isini
romlebic aseT individs aRiqvamen pozitiurad (maRali LPC lideri) umTavresad
zrunavs daqvemdebarebulebTan kargi urTierTobis Camoyalibebaze. Tu romelia
maT Soris ufro efeqturi fidleris azriT damokidebulia situaciur
faqtorebze.
fidleri situaciur faqtorSi gulisxmobs imas, Tu situacia ramdenadaa
xelsayreli liderisaTvis, es ki Tavis mxriv determinirebulia sami faqtoriT:
lideris jgufis wevrebTan damokidebulebis buneba- Tu ramdenadaa mxardaWera
da loialoba; amocanis struqturis xarisxi- ramdenad naklebadaa dadgenili
amocanis mizani da raoba; lideris poziciis Zala-misi SesaZlebloba
daimorCilos daqvemdebarebuli; am sami faqtoris kombinirebiT lideris
situaciuri kontroli SeiZleba ranJirebuli iqnas ukiduresad maRlidan -
pozitiuri damokidebuleba jgufis wevrebTan, kargad struqturirebuli amocana,
maRali poziciis Zala- ukiduresad dabalamde- negatiuri damokidebuleba,
arastruqturirebuli amocana, dabali poziciis Zala.
fidleri varaudobs, rom dabali LPC-s liders upiratesoba aqvs roca
situaciuri kontroli aris an Zalian dabali, an Zalian maRali. maRali LPC-s
liders upiratesoba aqvs roca situaciuri kontroli zomieri rangis
farglebSia. es imas niSnavs, rom dabali situaciuri kontrolis pirobebSi,
jgufi saWiroebs gaZRolas da warmarTvas, raTa warmatebiT Sesruldes amocana.
radgan dabali LPC-s lideri ufro zrunavs uzrunvelyos aseTi struqtura
vidre maRali LPC-s lideri, upiratesoba mas eniWeba. aseve dabali LPC-s liders
upiratesoba aqvs situaciaSi, romelic liders sTavazobs situaciuri
kontrolis maRal xarisxs. aseT situaciaSi, dabali LPC-s lideri xedavs, rom
pirobebi aris kargi da Tavs uflebas aZlevs Seamsubuqos stili, romelic
dafasebuli xdeba mimdevrebis mier. maRali LPC-s liderebi ki, aseT situaciaSi
grZnoben ra, rom maT ukve aqvT kargi urTierToba daqvemdebarebulebTan,
SeiZleba yuradReba gadaitanon amocanis Sesrulebaze. es ki mimdevrebma SeiZleba
aRiqvan rogorc arasaWiro iZuleba, ramac SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos Sesrulebas.
situaciaSi romelic gvTavazobs zomier kontrols, pirobebi Sereulia da
xSirad saWiroa zrunva karg interpersonalur urTierTobebze. cxadia aseT
situaciaSi maRali LPC-s lideri ufro efeqturi iqneba. dabali LPC-s lideri,
Tavisi amocanaze fokusirebiT miiRebs avtoritarul direqtul stils, rac
negatiur reaqcias iwvevs daqvemdebarebulebSi.
kognituri resursebis Teoria. bolo wlebSi gansakuTrebuli kvlevis
obieqti gaxda lideris inteleqtualuri da sxva kognituri unarebis roli
lideris efeqturobaSi. erTi SexedviT pasuxi TiTqosda aSkaraa. bolosdabolos
rogor SeiZleba inteleqts ar hqondes mniSvneloba? magram, rogori gasaocaric
ar unda iyos, kvlevebi cota monacemebs iZlevian amis dasadastureblad. kavSiri
maT Soris sakmaod susti aRmoCnda. am Sedegebis erTgvar axsnas iZleva fidleri
da garsia (Fiedler & Garcia,) romelic kognituri resursebis Teoriis
saxelwodebiTaa cnobili.
Teoriis mixedviT, lideris inteleqtualuri unarebi axdenen Tu ara
gavlenas jgufze, damokidebulia garkveul faqtorebze: pirveli, damokidebulia
lideris direqtiulobis xarisxze - iZleva Tu ara is konkretul instruqciebs
da Tanamimdevrobas. Tu lideri direqtiulia, misi inteleqtualuri unarebi
mniSvnelovani iqneba, radgan maRali inteleqti ukeTes gegmas, gadawyvetilebas
da strategias aZlevs mimdevrebs. Tu aseT situaciaSi lideri ar aris
direqtuli mis inteleqtualurobas naklebi mniSvneloba eniWeba. yovel
SemTxvevaSi gegmebs da gadawyvetilebebs naklebi gavlena eqneba Tu
daqvemdebarebulebTan ar iqneba komunikaciaSi. meore, lideris inteleqtualur
unarebsa da jgufis Sesrulebas Soris kavSiri sakmaod zomieria stresis gamo.
roca stresi dabalia, lideri fokusirebuli iqneba pirvel rigSi amocanasTan
dakavSirebul sakiTxebze da misi inteleqtualuri unarebi mWidrod iqneba
dakavSirebuli jgufis warmatebasTan. roca jgufis wevrebs Soris stresi
maRalia, lideris yuradReba gadaixreba sakiTxebisaken romelic uSualod ar
aris dakavSirebuli amocanasTan. aseT pirobebSi mis inteleqts da sxva kognitur
unarebs naklebi Sansi eqneba gavlena moaxdinos jgufis Sesrulebaze. aseT
SemTxvevaSi lideris amocanasTan dakavSirebuli gamocdileba da socialuri
unarebi ufro mniSvnelovani iqneba vidre inteleqti. aRniSnuli mosazreba
damtkicebulia kvlevebiT.
amrigad, aRmoCnda rom lideris inteleqtualur unarebs SesrulebisaTvis
aqvs mniSvneloba magram mxolod garkveul pirobebSi. maRali inteleqti
TavisTavad ar aris garantia warmatebisaTvis. sxva faqtorebi adeterminireben
imas, Tu sad da ra odenobiT iqneba inteleqti jgufis warmatebis ganmsazRvreli.

komunikaciis struqtura
Cveulebriv, Cven vuSvebT, rom jgufis yvela wevri Tavisufalia Tu visTan
daamyarebs komunikacias. es marTlac asea diskusiis jgufSi, magram arseboben
jgufebi, sadac komunikaciebi SezRudulia da es SezRuduloba qmnis jgufis
struqturis mniSvnelovan aspeqtebs, romelic Sinaganad damokidebulia
liderobaze. mravali gamokvleva mieZRvna jgufis komunikaciis badis Seswavlas.
bazisuri idea mdgomareobda imaSi, rom komunikaciebi arsebiTia liderobisavis,
rom individs, romelsac SeuZlia Tavisufali komunikacia tendencia aqvs gaxdes
lideri. albaT SemTxveviTi ar aris rom rodesac xorcieldeba saxelmwifo
gadatrialeba, pirvel rigSi radio da telesadgurebis xelSi Cagdebas
cdiloben. visac es sakomunikacio arxebi ukavia xangrZlivad, is ara marto
flobs Zlier pozicias faqtiurad, aramed saaSkaraoze gamoaqvs rom gaimarjva.
amas aqvs garkveuli efeqti. is visac SeuZlia komunikaciis damyareba aris an Cans
rogorc lideri, yovel SemTxvevaSi mcire jgufebSi es aSkaraa.
am sferos tipiur eqsperimentul gamokvlevebSi gamoyenebuli iqna jgufis
wevrebs Soris komunikaciebis SezRudvebi. es miiRweoda subieqtebis calk-calke
oTaxebSi moTavsebiT da urTierTkomunikaciis mxolod werilobiTi formiT
daSvebiT. aseT situaciaSi eqsperimentators saSualeba aqvs gaakontrolos vin
visTan saubrobs da SeiZleba CarTuli iqnas komunikaciis gansxvavebuli
nimuSebis didi raodenoba. qvemoT figurebSi mocemulia zogierTi aseTi nimuSi
xuT-kacian jgufSi sadac aSkarad Cans, rom struqtura adeterminirebs wevrebis
Tavisuflebas koiunikaciaSi.

wriseburi jaWviseburi jvriseburi igrekiseburi

wreSi yvela wevri Tanasworia, TiToeul maTgans komunikacia SeuZlia or

mezobelTan da arcerT sxvasTan, garda am orisa. jaWvSi ors SeuZlia saubari
mxolod erT individTan amitom, komunikaciis terminebSi, ar aris xelsayreli
iyo jaWvis boloebSi. sami danarCeni wevri Tanabar mdgomareobaSia, TiToeuli
maTgani or sxvasTan ayalibebs komunikacias, magram individi romelic centrSia,
erTaderTi individia, romelic Tanabradaa daSorebuli boloebidan. igreki-
seburi komunikaciis SemTxvevaSi struqtura iseTia, rom aqvs sami wevri da
mxolod erT wevrs SeuZlia or sxvasTan komunikacia da erTs ki SeuZlia
saubari sam individTan. bolos, varskvlavisebur figuraSi, mxolod erTs
SeuZlia saubari yvela danarCenTan da yvela danarCens SeuZlia saubari mxolod
centrSi myof individTan.
arsebobs gamokvlevebi, romlebic iZlevian informacias Tu ra xdeba roca
am tipis jgufebs eZleva problema gadasawyvetad, romelic moiTxovs
informaciis urTierT gacvlas. aRmoCnda, rom rac ufro Tavisuflad,SezRudvis
gareSe saubroben jgufis wevrebi, miT ufro kmayofilebas gamoTqvamdnen isini. is
vinc saubrobda yvelasTan iyo ufro kmayofili, maSin roca jaWvisebr-
komunikaciaSi visac jaWvis bolo pozicia ekava naklebad iyo kmayofili.
aRmoCnda agreTve, rom komunikaciis budeSi individis pozicia mniSvnelovnad
gansazRvravda Tu vin gaxdeboda lideri. roca jgufis wevrebs sTxoves eTqvaT
arsebobda Tu ara lideri, da Tu iyo daesaxelebinaT is, sxvadasxva jgufis
wevrebis tendencia Tu vis daasaxelebdnen naklebad iyo gansxvavebuli. zemod
ganxilul komunikaciis badeSi, wreebSi Cawerili cifrebi miuTiTeben Tu
ramdenjer iyvnen am poziciaSi myofi individebi dasaxelebuli liderad
jvrisebr komunikaciaSi ki yvela subieqti liderad asaxelebda individs,
romelsac centraluri pozicia ekava.

komunikaciuri struqturis gavlena jgufis Sesrulebaze.

rogorc aRvniSneT, jgufi isea struqturirebuli, rom arsebobs

garkveuli SezRudvebi komunikaciaSi. jgufis Sesrulebis determinaciaSi
mosalodnelia, rom mniSvnelovan rols SeiZleba TamaSobdes komunikacia. amitom
Careva jgufis wevrebs Soris komunikaciaSi zians miayenebs jgufis Sesrulebas.
rogorc aRvniSneT, individi romelic imyofeba komunikaciis badis centrSi,
ganxilulia rogorc lideri, is aris ukeTes poziciaSi miiRos gadawyvetileba.
wrisebr struqturaSi romelSic yovel individs SeuZlia informaciis gacvla
or mezobelTan, aqvT decentralizirebuli komunikacia da lideroba.
komunikaciis maRali centralizirebuli bade qmnis jgufis maRal
centralizirebul liders da Zalauflebas.
kvleviTi monacemebi, anu komunikaciis badis aseTi gansxvavebuli tipebi
rogor moqmedeben Sesrulebaze ar aris erTgvarovani. monacemebis umravlesoba
miuTiTeben, rom centralizirebuli jgufi ufro efeqturia roca jgufi muSaobs
martiv problemaze. xolo decentralizirebuli jgufi ufro efeqturia rTuli
problemebis gadawyvetisas. erTerT kvlevaSi jgufis yovel wevrs misces
qaRaldis furclebi, romelSic daxazuli iyo mTeli rigi geometriuli
figurebi da simboloebi. jgufis amocana iyo aRmoeCinaT Tu romeli
geometriuli figura an simbolo iyo yvela furcelze daxazuli. problema
Zalian martivi iyo - saWiro iyo rac SeiZleba swrafad informacias Tavi moeyara
erT adgilze. aseTi tipis amocana Seesatyviseba maRali centralizaciis
komunikaciis badis mqone jgufis pirobebs. aq SeiZleboda informaciis swrafad
erT pirovnebasTan Tavmoyra.
meore kvlevaSi, jgufs eZleva rTuli problema, romelic moiTxovda
rTuli maTematikuri manipulaciebis serias. raTa rac SeiZleba swrafad
gadawydes am saxis amocana, jgufis yvela wevrma unda imuSaos problemis
nawilze TviTon. yvela informacia kombinirebuli unda iqnas. kvleviTi
monacemebi miuTiTeben, rom aseTi saxis problemis gadawyvetisas
decentralizirebuli jgufi ufro efeqturia.
centralizirebuli jgufisaTvis agreTve damaxasiaTebelia yuradRebis
naklebi gafantuloba. saerTod, jgufisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia is, rom tendencia
aqvs gafantulobisaken. rac ufro naklebia komunikaciebi da rac ufro naklebi
adamiania CarTuli gadawyvetilebaSi, miT ufro naklebia gafantuloba.
centralizirebul jgufs aqvs naklebi totaluri komunikacia da naklebia
wevrebis monawileoba gadawyvetilebaSi. amitom mas aqvs damatebiTi upiratesoba
iyos naklebad gafantuli.
 meores mxriv, mniSvnelovania agreTve jgufis wevrebis motivacia. am mxriv,
decentralizirebuli jgufis wevrebs tendencia aqvT iyvnen ufro bednierebi da
kmayofilebi maTi poziciiT da moswonT jgufi. kmayofileba da morali pirdapir
kavSirSia individis TavisuflebasTan komunikaciaSi da grZnobasTan, rom
aqtiurad monawileoben jgufur msjelobaSi. garda amisa, is visac SeuZlia
Tavisufali komunikacia, mag. centraluri wevri komunikaciis badeSi, ufro
kmayofilia xolo visac komunikaciis naklebi SesaZlebloba aqvs yvelaze
naklebad bednieria. am aspeqtiT decentralizirebuli jgufi qmnis yvelaze met
kmayofilebas. Tumca unda aRiniSnos isic, rom martivi amocanis Sesrulebisas
jgufis efeqturobaSi gansxvavebulobas, tendencia aqvs drois gasvlasTan erTad
TandaTanobiT gaqres. aRmoCnda, rom daaxloebiT !@ cdis Semdeg gansxvavebuli
tipis komunikaciis badeebs Soris gansxvaveba SesrulebaSi faqtiurad qreba.
saqme imaSia, rom miuxedavad komunikaciis badis tipisa, individebi swavloben Tu
ra da rogor unda gaakeTon, rom maTi saqmianoba warmatebiTi iyos da Sedegad
martivi amocanis Sesrulebisas, jgufebis efeqturobas Soris gansxvaveba
TandaTanobiT qreba.
garda amisa arsebobs monacemebi, rom organizaciis xarisxi maRal
korelaciaSi iyo jgufis SesrulebasTan. jgufebi, romlebic organizebuli
iyvnen damakmayofileblad ar gansxvavdebodnen SesrulebaSi miuxedavad maTi
Tavdapirveli struqturisa. amrigad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom jgufis struqtura
mTlianad ar gansazRvravs jgufis finalur organizacias, magram mas aqvs
mniSvnelovani efeqti. rac ufro centralizirebulia komunikaciis bade, miT
ufro centralizirebulia finaluri organizacia. amasTan komunikaciis badis
efeqti ufro aSkaraa jgufis Sexvedrebis dasawyisSi, magram garkveul xarisxSi
is agrZelebs am efeqts jgufis Semdgom cxovrebaSic, sanam garkveuli
TvalsazrisiT jgufi ar daZlevs sawyis struqturas da ar miiRebs gansxvavebul
organizacias.

interpersonaluri mizidulobis struqtura

jgufis struqturas qmnis agreTve interpersonaluri urTierTobis buneba -
simpatia - antipatiis modeliT. sociometriiT SesaZlebeli xdeba jgufis wevrebs
Soris simpatia-antipatiuri urTierTobebis badis dadgena. aRmoCnda, rom
sociometruli urTierT arCeva determinirebulia interpersonaluri mowonebis
gansazRvruli faqtorebiT. jgufis wevrebs Soris socialuri gacvlis,
gansakuTrebiT jildos da sasjelis Semcveli, modeli mniSvnelovan rols
TamaSobs mimzidvelobis gansazRvraSi. mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs agreTve
msgavseba. interpersonalur mizidvaze gavlenas axdens agreTve sivrciTi
adgilmdebareoba da komunikaciis badeSi maTi misawvdomoba. saerTod adamianebs
ufro moswonT is individi, romelTanac advilad SeuZlia komunikacia.
sociometrul arCevans mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs agreTve individis statusi
jgufSi.

jgufis dinamika.

jgufis dinamikaSi ganixileba sakiTxebi Tu rogor aqtiobs jgufi, ra

gansazRvravs jgufis gavlenas mis wevrebze, ras warmoadgenen is Zalebi,
romlebic cvlian individis kognicias, mis afeqtur da qceviseul komponentebs.
jgufis struqturulad formirebasTan erTad iwyeba jgufis normebis
Camoyalibebebi, romelic mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs jgufis wevrebze
zegavlenis saqmeSi. amasTan, jgufis dinamika ganisazRvreba imiTac, Tu ramdenad
miizidebian erTmaneTisken jgufis wevrebi, romlebic jgufis SeWidulobis,
kohesiurobis saxeliTaa cnobili, romelic aseve jgufis formirebis, misi
struqturis Camoyalibebis paralelurad mimdinareobs da mniSvnelovan gavlenas
axdens jgufis wevrebze.
 normebi. normebi warmoadgenen TamaSis wesebs, impliciurs an eqspliciurs,
romelsac ayalibeben jgufebi raTa moaxdinon maTi wevrebis qcevebis
regulireba. normebi karnaxoben jgufis wevrebs rogor moiqcnen an rogor ar
unda moiqcnen ama Tu im situaciebSi. radgan jgufebi Cveulebriv daJinebiT
moiTxoven misi wevrebis erTgulebas, rogorc bazisur moTxovnas wevrebisaTvis,
ar aris gasakviri, rom individs, romelsac surs SeuerTdes an darCes jgufSi
arsebiTad unda mihyves 3TamaSis am wesebs4. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi is SeiZleba
aRmoCndes jgufis gareT.
SeWiduloba (kohesiuroba) anu is, Tu ramdenad aqvT jgufis wevrebs
mocemuli jgufisadmi mikuTnebulobis survili. SeWidulobas gansazRvravs
yvela is Zala rogorc pozitiuri ise negatiuri, romlebic mizezobrivad
gansazRvraven individis jgufSi darCenas. pozitiur ZalebSi ganixileba jgufis
wevrebs Soris mowoneba, kavSiri individualur miznebsa da jgufis miznebs
Soris, individisaTvis jgufSi darCenis maRali Rirebuleba. negatiur ZalebSi
igulisxmeba jgufis wevrebs Soris dabali mizidva, cudi kavSiri individis
moTxovnilebebsa da jgufis miznebs Soris, dabali safasuri jgufSi
darCenisaTvis da sxva jgufis moZebnis survili.
TiTqosda naTelia, rom roca sakiTxi jgufebis Sefasebas exeba maRali
kohesiuroba yovelTvis ganxiluli unda iyos rogorc dadebiTi movlena da
Cveulebriv es asecaa, magram aris SemTxvevebi, roca maRali kohesiuroba jgufis
efeqturi SesrulebisaTvis xelisSemSlelia. mag. maRali SeWidulobis gamo
jgufma SeiZleba imdeni dro daxarjos sasiamovno socialuri
urTierTobisaTvis, rom jgufis Sesrulebis done safrTxeSi aRmoCndes. garda
amisa, Tanamedrove gamokvlevebi adastureben, rom SeWidulobis maRalma donem
SromiT saqmianobaSi SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos jgufis Sesrulebas, roca jgufis
wevrebi grZnoben rom maTi Zalisxmeva ar aris mxardaWerili menejmentis mier.
aseT situaciaSi maRali SeWidulobis jgufma SeiZleba miiRos iseTi miznebi
romelic ugulebelyofs organizaciis miznebs. am SemTxvevaSi maRali
SeWidulobis jgufi advilad moigeriebs masze ganxorcielebul dawolas. maRal
kohesiurobas aqvs dadebiTi gavlena jgufis Sesrulebaze, is zrdis jgufis
gavlenas mis wevrebze, magram aucilebeli pirobaa is, rom jgufis miznebi unda
emTxveodes organizaciis miznebs.

jgufis gavlena individualur Sesrulebaze.

adamianebi zogjer muSaoben marto. mag. roca individi garkveul problemaze

muSaobs saxlSi. zogjer muSaobs situaciaSi roca sxva adamianebic arseboben,
mag. roca individi muSaobs problemebze biblioTekaSi sadac sxva mkiTxvelebic
arian. zogjer adamianebi muSaoben sxva adamianebTan erTad, rogorc jgufi
romelic saerTo problemebze muSaobs. ra gavlena SeiZleba hqondes sxva
individebs aseT situaciaSi Cvens Sesrulebaze? gavlena albaT gansxvavebuli
iqneba imisda mixedviT, Tu ra urTierToba gveqneba Cven im sxvasTan. Tu is
ubralod arsebobs Cvens situaciaSi magram ar muSaobs CvenTan erTad, gavlena
gansxvavebuli iqneba vidre maSin, rodesac isini muSaoben CvenTan erTad, rogorc
erTi gundis wevrebi.

socialuri Semsubuqeba (fasilitacia).

jer kidev gasul saukuneSi norman triplitma SeamCnia, rom velomrbolelebi,

ukeTes dros aCvenebdnen rbolaSi Sejibrebis dros, vidre individualuri
varjiSis dros. pirveli eqsperimentebi am problnmaze albaT triplits ekuTvnis,
roca laboratoriul pirobebSi man bavSvebs daavala Zafis daxveva rac SeiZleba
swrafad, jer individualurad da Semdeg jgufSi. Sedegebi gansxvavebuli iyo.
amis Semdeg uamravi gamokvleva mieZRvna am sakiTxs. kvleviTi Sedegebi
aCvenebdnen, rom sxvisi arseboba aumjobesebda individualur Sesrulebas. magram
amis paralelurad miRebuli iqna sawinaaRmdego Sedegebic, sadac aSkara iyo, rom
sxvisi Tandaswreba auaresebda individualur Sesrulebas.
1960-ian wlebSi am problemiT dainteresda robert zaionki (Zajonk, 1965) da
scada am urTierTsawinaaRmdego Sedegebis urTierTSejereba. zaionkma, es
urTierTsawinaaRmdego Sedegebi axsna eqsperimentul fsiqologiaSi kargad
cnobili principiT, rom agzneba aZlierebs dominirebul reaqcias. am principis
gamoyeneba zemoT miTiTebuli socialur fsiqologiuri fenomenis asaxsnelad
Semdegnairad JRerda: agznebis amaRleba aumjobesebs martivi an kargad
daswavlili amocanis Sesrulebas - romlebisTvisac dominirebul reaqciebs
warmoadgens swori pasuxebi. da auaresebs rTuli an cudad daswavlili
amocanebis Sesrulebas, sadac daminirebulia mcdari pasuxebi. Sesabamisad
zaionkis mier SemoTavazebuli axsna cnobilia socialuri Semsubuqebis draiv
Teoriis saxelwodebiT.
socialuri Semsubuqebis draiv Teoria. bazisuri idea, romelic
safuZvlad udevs zaionkis Teorias SeiZleba ase davalagloT: sxvisi arseboba
zrdis individis motivacias anu aRZvris dones. es debuleba eTanxmeba Cvens
araformalur gamocdilebas, rom xSirad, sxvisi Tundac pasiuri arseboba
situaciaSi, iwvevs imas, rom ganvicdiT garkveul agznebas, iwvevs aRZvris niSnebs
daZabulobis grZnobas, agznebas. magram Tu rogor imoqiedebs aRZvris aseTi
gazrda Cvens Sesrulebaze, zaionkis azriT, amas gansazRvravs ori bazisuri
faqti: pirveli, eqsperimentul fsiqologiaSi kargad dadgenili faqtia, rom
aRZvris donis amaRleba zrdis dominanturi pasuxebis gamovlenas - e.i. im
pasuxebis gamovlenas, romlebisTvisac individi mzadaa Seasrulos mocemul
momentSi. roca aRZvris done maRalia, tendencia SevasruloT Zlieri
dominanturi pasuxebi izrdeba; meore - aseTi dominanturi pasuxebi SeiZleba
iyvnen rogorc swori ise mcdari.
roca es ori daSveba kombinirebulia daSvebasTan, rom sxvisi arseboba
aris aRmZvreli, SeiZleba viwinaswarmetyveloT: (1) sxvebis arsebobam SeiZleba
xeli Seuwyos (Seamsubuqos) Sesrulebas roca individis dominanturi pasuxebi
mocemul konteqstSi aris swori; (2) sxvebis arsebobam SeiZleba faqtiurad xeli
SeuSalos Sesrulebas, roca individis dominanturi pasuxebi am situaciisTvis
mcdaria. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, sxvisi arseboba xels Seuwyobs kargad
daswavlili pasuxebis gamovlenas, magram xels SeuSlis qcevis jer kidev ara
daostatebuli formebis Sesrulebas. 1960-ian wlebSi rogorc zaionkis da misi
kolegebis ise sxvebis mier Catarebuli kvlevebi adastureben am hipoTezebs.
socialuri Semsubuqebis draiv Teoria emyareba adamianis bunebis
garkveul gagebas. kerZod CaTvlilia, rom adamiani Tavisi bunebiT ufro
konkurentulia vidre TanamSromluri da es gansazRvravs imas, rom sxvisi
Tandaswreba, Tundac minimalur socialur situaciaSi adamianis SejibrebiTi
bunebis gamo Sinaganad 3umtkicebs4 sxvas Tavis karg biWobas, rac iwvevs aRZvris
amaRlebas. erTi sityviT daSvebulia rom adamianis SejibrebiTi buneba
gansazRvravs socialuri Semsubuqebis dinamikas.
imis gasarkvevad, adamiani Tavisi bunebiT TanamSromluria Tu
SejibrebiTi, saintereso kvlevebi Catarda laboratoriuli TamaSis gamoyenebiT,
sadac xdeboda yoveldRiuri urTierTqmedebis simulacia. am gamokvlevebs Soris
gansakuTrebiT gamoikveTa ori e.w. tvirTvis gadazidvis TamaSi da patimris
dilemis TamaSi. am kvlevebis saerTo Sedegebi iyo is, rom subieqtebs - saSualo
klasis, TeTr, amerikuli kolejis studentebs, ufro tendencia hqondaT
Sejibrisaken, maSinac ki roca TanamSromloba met mogebas moutanda maT.
tvirTvis gadazidvis TamaSi (Deutsch and Krauss, 1960) gamoyenebuli iyo or
subieqtiani TamaSi romelsac uwodes tvirTis gadazidvis TamaSi. eqsperimentSi
subieqtebs sTxovdnen warmoedginaT rom isini arian tvirTis gadazidvis
kompaniis warmomadgenlebi (akme kompania da bolt kompaniidan erTerTSi) da
tvirTi unda gadaetanaT erTi wertilidan meoreSi rac SeiZleba swrafad. es ori
kompania ar iyo urTierTkonkurentuli, maT hqondaT gansxvavebuli sawyisi da
saboloo wertili. magram hqondaT erTi dabrkoleba. male isini erTmaneTs
xvdebodnen erT saval gzaze, sadac unda wasuliyvnen urTierTsawinaaRmdego
mimarTulebiT (ix.fig.7-1). erTaderTi gamosavali am situaciaSi iyo is, rom
erTerTs moecada, sanam meore ar gaivlida am gzas. Tu orive Sevidoda gzis am
monakveTSi, vercerTi ver imoZravebda sanam erTerTi ar daixevda ukan da ar
gaatarebda meores. TiToeuli manqana uzrunvelyofili iyo meore gziT, magram es
iyo SemovliTi, Zalian grZeli gza. faqtiurad TamaSi ise iyo dagegmili, rom
SemovliTi gzis arCeva bevri qulebis dakargvas iZleoda da arc erTisTvis ar
iyo xelsayreli. pirdapiri gzis arCeviT arsebobda qulebis sakmao raodenobiT
miRebis SesaZlebloba Tu isini erTmaneTs rigrigobiT dauTmobdnen gzas.
subieqtebs uTxres, maTi mizani iyo mieRoT rac SeiZleba meti qulebi.
instruqciaSi araferi iyo iseTi naTqvami, romelic gamoiwvevda Sejibrs, Tu vin
met qulas daagrovebda. situaciaSi naTeli iyo rom optimaluri strategia
iqneboda pirdapiri gzis gamoyeneba, gzis erTxaziani monakveTis monacvleobiTi
daTmobiT. miuxedavad amisa, Sedegebis analizi aCvenebda, rom adgili hqonda
TanamSromlobis Zalian mcire raodenobas. moTamaSeebi, nacvlad imisa rom gza
daeTmoT erTmaneTisaTvis, ibrZodnen am monakveTis gamoyenebisTvis da faqtiurad
kargavdnen qulebis did raodenobas. faqtiurad isini cdilobdnen gamoeyenebinaT
es mokle gza da xvdebodnen erTmaneTs SuaSi. jiutad icdidnen sanam meore mxare
ar daixevda. bolosdabolos, erTerTi ixevda ukan, magram amasobaSi Zalian bevri
qula ikargeboda orivesTvis. momdevno mcdelobaSi isini igives imeorebdnen.
SemTxveviTi TanamSromlobiTi mcdelobac gamoereoda, magram umravlesoba
mcdelobisa iyo SejibrebiTi. rogorc vxedavT avtorebma gamoiyenes
maTematikosebis mier ganviTarebuli TamaSis Teoriis msgavsi situacia, sadac
TamaSis maTematikuri gaanalizeba xdeba da exeba imas, Tu ra unda gavakeToT
yovel safexurze raTa maqsimaluri gavxadoT mogeba. TamaSis maTematikur
TeoriaSi yovel mocemul safexurze sxvisi qcevis analizidan gamoiTvleba
sakuTari qcevis optimaluri varianti da aseTi ormxrivi gamoTvliT xdeba
optimaluri variantis dadgena. magram aRmoCnda, rom TamaSis Teoriis strategia
ar muSaobs Cvens mier dasmuli problemis mimarT. radgan rogorc Sedegebi
aCveneben, subieqtebi ar mihyvebian idealur strategias. maSinac ki roca aSkaraa,
rom TanamSromloba saukeTeso strategiaa, subieqtebi arCeven Sejibrebas.
problema is ki ar aris subieqtisTvis arsebobs Tu ara saukeTeso strategia,misi
arseboba aSkara iyo, aramed is Tu ra faqtorebi aZliereben an asusteben
Sejibris situacias.
igive Sedegebi iqna miRebuli e.w. patimris dilemis TamaSSi, romelic
jamSi ara nolis principzea agebuli. TamaSSi CarTulia ori danaSaulSi
eWvmitanili, romelsac iZiebs policia. gamomZiebeli fiqrobs, rom orive
(subieqtebi) damnaSavea, orive dapatimrebulia, magram ara aqvs mtkicebuleba arc
erTis mimarT. 3patimrebi4 moaTavses calk-calke oTaxebSi da TiToeuls
eubnebian, rom maT aqvT ori arCevani - aRiaron danaSauli an ara. Tu arcerTi ar
aRiarebs danaSauls, isini ar iqnebian aRiarebulni rogorc mTavari damnaSaveebi,
magram gamomJiebels SeuZlia orive aRiaros damnaSaved da orive miiRebs
sasjels - patimrobas aTi wliT. Tu orive aRiarebs, orive aRiarebuli iqneba
rogorc damnaSave, magram gamomZiebeli moiTxovs Sewynarebas da TiToeuli
miiRebs patimrobas erTi wliT. magram, Tu erTi aRiarebs da meore ara, is vinc
aRiara gaTavisufldeba, radgan daexmara gamoZiebas saqmis garkvevaSi da vinc ar
aRiara miiRebs sasjelis maqsimums -15 weli patimroba (ix. fig7-2).subieqtebi
TamaSoben ganuwvetlad, magram ar elaparakebian erTmaneTs. TiToeulma unda
gadawyvitos romels airCevs. Tu ra efeqti eqneba mis arCevas, damokidebulia
meore subieqtis arCevaze. man Tavis arCevaSi unda ivaraudos da gaiTvaliswinos
meoris arCevani. aqac optimaluria TanamSromlobiTi strategia, magram aRmoCnda
rom aqac Sejibris Zlieri tendencia arsebobs, yvela pasuxis daaxloebiT
mesamedi iyo TanamSromlur strategiaze agebuli, danarCeni pasuxebi Sejibris
strategiis gamomxatveli iyo.
Semdeg gameorda eqsperimentebi, sadac subieqtebs evalebodaT rac
SeiZleba meti qulebis dagroveba pirobebSi romelic mocemulia fig.7-3-Si. aqac
subieqtebs damoukideblad unda aerCiaT X an Y Tu orive airCevda X-orive
igebda 10-10 qulas. Tu orive airCevda Y-s, orive agebda 5-5 qulas. Tu erTi
airCevda X-s, xolo meore Y-s, is vinc airCia Y-igebda 15-s, xolo vinc airCia X -
agebda 15 qulas.
aqac Warbobda SejibrebiTi strategiis arCeva. moTamaSeebi xvdebodnen,
rom ufro gonivruli iqneboda TanamSromluri strategiis arCeva. is faqti, rom
miuxedavad amisa isini ganagrZobdnen SejibrebiTi strategiis arCevas, miuTiTebs
imaze, rom isini ejibrebian erTmaneTs. es naTladaa naCvenebi figura 7-44-Si,
sadac pirobebi iseTia, rom nebismier variantSi TanamSromloba saukeTeso
strategiaa da miuxedavad amisa subieqtebis umravlesoba mainc SejibrebiT
strategias irCevs. rogorc vxedavT, am pirobebSi Tu moTamaSe A airCevs X-s, is
miiRebs met qulas miuxedavad imisa Tu ras airCevs moTamaSe B. is igebs an 4-s an
1-s, Tu airCevs Y-s maSin an igebs 3-s an arcerTs. aseTivea mogebis Sansi moTamaSe
B-sTvis. rogorc vTqviT am situaciaSic subieqtebi ufro Sejibris strategias
irCeven. Sejibris strategiis arCevis erTaderTi piroba is aris, rom moTamaSes
SeuZlia daagrovos meti qula vidre daagrovebs meore, Tumca is yovelTvis
iRebs nakleb qulas vidre SeeZlo mieRo da es TviTonac kargad aqvs
gacnobierebuli. subieqtebi aRniSnavdnen, rom amas akeTebdnen imitom, rom
daemarcxebinaT meore moTamaSe. da es miuxedavad imisa, rom eqsperimentatorma
dasawyisSi uTxra maT rom TamaSis mizeni iyo mieRoT rac SeiZleba meti qula.

faqtorebi romlebic gavlenas axdenen Sejibrebaze.

jildo. aRmoCnda, rom Sejibrebis tendencia cotaTi icvleba, roca

SesrulebisTvis jildo izrdeba. rodesac subieqtebi TamaSis situaciaSi
qulebis nacvlad centebs iRebdnen jildoT, e.i. mogeba umniSvnelo iyo,
Sejibris tendencia ufro dominirebda vidre fulis gamomuSavebis survili.
roca gasamrjelo gaizarda da subieqtebs SeeZloT moegoT garkveuli Tanxa
dolarebSi, mogebis survilis ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba, aseT SemTxvevaSi iqneba
konfliqti Sejibrebis survilsa mogebis survils Soris. aseT situaciaSi ukve
arsebobs Sejibrebis strategiis arCevis Semcirebis tendencia. Tumca rogorc
kvleviTi monacemebi miuTiTeben, roca gasamrjelo sakmaod maRali iyo, zogjer,
mainc arsebobda SejibrebiTi strategiis arCevis tendencia. rogorc Cans
Sejibrebis survili sakmaod Zlieria. yovel SemTxvevaSi Cven sazogadoebaSi,
erTerTi sakmaod Zlieri dinamikuri faqtoria SejibrebiTi grZnoba. es ar
niSnavs imas, rom adamianebi yovelTvis grZnoben konkurencias yovel situaciaSi.
ufro unda vivaraudoT, rom Sejibreba aris Zlieri komponenti bevr
interpersonalur situaciaSi.
muqara. erTerT eqsperimentul seriaSi, tvirTis gadatanis TamaSis
situaciaSi, erTi an orive moTamaSe uzrunvelyofili iyo muqariT, barieris
formiT, romelic dayenebuli iyo erTxazian gzaze. roca mxolod erTi moTamaSe
iyenebda bariers, aseT pirobas ewodeboda calmxrivi muqara; roca mas orive
moTamaSe iyenebda, am pirobas ormxrivi muqara ewodeboda. barierebi araviTar
SemTxvevaSi xels ar uSlida TanamSromlobas.
aRmoCnda, rom barieris arseboba mniSvnelovan gansxvavebas qmnida
TanamSromlobis odenobaSi. roca muqara arcerT maTgans ar hqonda
gamosayeneblad, arsebobda TanamSromlobis yvelaze meti raodenoba. roca
bariers erTerTi maTgani flobda, TanamSromloba naklebi iyo da imas, romelic
flobda muqaras tendencia hqonda ukeTesad emoqmeda. bolos, roca muqaras orive
flobda, TanamSromlobis yvelaze naklebi raodenoba fiqsirdeboda. tipiuri
Sedegi iyo is, rom orive aRmarTavda bariers da iyenebdnen grZel gzas.
instruqcia. rogorc vnaxeT, patimris dilemis situaciaSi arsebobda
SejibrebiTi strategiis arCevis tendencia. aRmoCnda, rom am grZnobaze SeiZleba
gavlena iqonios iman, Tu ra mizani dausaxes subieqtebs eqsperimentatorebma.
erTerT kvlevaSi, subieqtebi ganawilda sami gansxvavebuli situaciidan
erTerTSi. !- TanamSromlobiTi instruqcia, sadac xazgasmuli iyo meore
moTamaSis keTildReoba, @- SebribebiTi instruqcia, sadac xazgasmuli iyo rac
SeiZleba TviTon mieRo meti mogeba, ufro meti vidre meore miiRebda; #-
individualuri instruqcia, sadac subieqtis erTaderTi mizani iyo moego
ramdenadac SeiZleboda bevri da sxva moTamaSe ugulebelyofili iyo.
aRmoCnda, rom instruqcia gavlenas axdenda strategiis arCevaze.
subieqtebi, romlebic TanamSromlobiT situaciaSi TamaSobdnen, )0%-ze met
SemTxvevaSi TanamSromlobiT strategias irCevdnen, individualuri instruqciiT
moTamaSeebi TanamSromlobas irCevdnen @50%-SemTxvevaSi. Sejibrebis instruqciis
SemTxvevaSi SemTxvevebis mxolod 20% iyo TanamSromlobiTi.
komunikacia. rodesac subieqtebs, eqsperimentis dawyebamde neba darTes
urTierTkomunikaciaze, Sedegi iyo is, rom miuxedavad gansxvavebuli
instruqciebisa TanamSromloba mniSvnelovnad gaizarda.
1980-ian wlebSi am problemis kvlevebma gansxvavebuli mimarTuleba miiRo
romelsac qvemoT ganvixilavT, rodesac socialur dilemaze gveqneba saubari.
daisva sakiTxi, socialuri Semsubuqeba mimdinareobs mxolod, sxvisi,
situaciaSi fizikurad arsebobidan Tu sxva faqtorebic TamaSoben garkveul
rols? am sakiTxebis gasarkvevad ganxorcielda kvleva, sadac subieqtebs unda
gamoevlinaT winaswar daswavlili pasuxebi samidan erTerT eqsperimentalur
pirobebSi: 1. roca marto iyvnen laboratoriaSi; 2. roca laboratoriaSi sxva
individi imyofeboda, magram mas Tvalebi hqondaT axveuli da 3. roca ori sxva
individi arsebobda da isini interess iCendnen Tu rogor Seasrulebda
davalebas subieqti. Sedegebi miuTiTebdnen, rom socialuri Semsubuqebis
fenomeni dasturdeboda mxolod mesame eqsperimentul pirobebSi.
am ukanasknelma gamokvlevam da sxva kvlevebmac, romlebic 1970-ian wlebSi
Catarda, zogierTi mkvlevari miiyvana imis daSvebamde, rom socialuri
Semsubuqeba mimdinareobs rogorc Sefaseba - gagebidan (romelic exeba imas, rom
individi Sefasebuli iqneba sxvis mier) ise self-prezentaciidan (gamovCnde kargi
sxvis TvalSi). amdenad, SesaZlebelia es faqtorebi da ara ubraloT sxvisi
arseboba situaciaSi, warmoadgenen mniSvnelovan faqtorebs, raTa ganvsazRvroT
damswris, Tanaaqtiobis gavlena Sesrulebaze.
TiTqosda aseTi varaudi gonivruli Cans. bolosdabolos adamianebi
zrunaven imaze, Tu ra STabeWdilebas datoveben isini sxvebze, fiqroben imaze,
Tu rogor Seafaseben mas sxvebi. ase rom SesaZloa es marTlac sapatio motivi
iyos mraval situaciSi. magram arsebobs monacemebi, rom socialuri gaadvilebis
msgavs efeqts SeiZleba qondes adgili situaciaSi, sadac am faqtorebze
SeuZlebelia laparaki. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs zaionkis da misi kolegebis kvlevebi
sadac tarakanebi da WianWvelebic amJRavneben socialur Semsubuqebis msgavs
efeqts.

gaxleCili yuradRebis konfliqtis modeli.

monacemebis saerTo analizi mkvlevarebis winaSe ayenebda dilemas: socialuri

Semsubuqeba momdinareobs sxvisi ubralod fizikuri arsebobidan, Sefaseba
gagebidan, self-prezentaciaze zrunvidan, Tu romelime sxva faqtorebidan?
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom garkveuli pasuxi am sakiTxze jer kidev ar arsebobs. erTi
SesaZlebloba romelic metnaklebad mxardaWerilia Tanamedrove monacemebiT
aris is, rom yvela es cvladi TamaSobs garkveul rols. meore SesaZlebeli
axsna Semsubuqebisa aris e.w. gaxleCili - yuradRebis konfliqt Teoria (R.S
Baron,1986)
msgavsad sxva socialur fsiqologiuri Teoriebisa, es Teoriac uSvebs,
rom damswris an Tanamonawilis gavlena amocanis Sesrulebaze momdinareobs
aRZvris donis amaRlebidan. zemoT ganxiluli Tvalsazrisisgan gansxvavebiT,
Teoria varaudobs, rom aRZvris donis amaRlebas iwvevs or tendencias Soris
konfliqti: (1) tendencia yuradReba miaqcio amocanas da (2) tendencia yuradReba
warmarTo damswres an Tanamonawilisaken. konfliqts, romelsac qmnis es
konkurentuli tendencia mivyavarT motivaciis an aRZvris gaZlierebamde. es ki
Tavis mxriv zrdis dominanturi pasuxebis Sesrulebis tendencias da zrdis an
amcirebs Sesrulebas imisda mixedviT dominirebuli pasuxebi sworia Tu mcdari.
garkveuli monacemebi miuTiTeben aseTi midgomis mxardamWer faqtebze. mag.
aRmoCnda, rom Tandaswreba Cans, gvaZlevs socialuri Semsubuqebis efeqts
mxolod maSin, roca yuradRebas warvmarTavT am konfliqtSi im mimaTulebiT,
romelsac amocana moiTxovs. Tu yuradReba Tanadamswreskenaa mimarTuli,
amocanis Sesrulebisas faqtiurad konfliqti ar aris, Sesabamisad socialur
Semsubuqebasac ar aqvs adgili. subieqtebi aRniSnaven gaxleCis gancdis maRal
xarisxze, roca isini asruleben sxvadasxva amocanebs Tandamswris arsebobisas
vidre roca amocanas asruleben marto.
unda aRiniSnos, rom ara yvela kvleviTi monacemebia konsistenturi
winaswarmetyvelebisa, romelsac gvTavazobs gaxleCili yuradRebis Teoria.

jgufi da amocanis Sesruleba.

rogorc mivuTiTeT Sromis umravlesoba xorcieldeba jgufur situaciaSi.

arsebobs rwmena, rom adamianebi roca muSaoben erTad akeTeben gacilebiT mets
vidre roca muSaoben marto. xSirad es asecaa. Zalisxmevis koordinaciiT jgufs
SeuZlia iseTi miznebis miRweva, romlis miRwevis imedi arafriT ar eqneboda
marto. dgeba sakiTxi jgufi yovelTvis ufro efeqturia vidre individebi? pasuxi
aRmoCnda rom arc ise martivia. SromiT jgufs marTlac aqvs garkveuli
upiratesoba. mag. is individebs SesaZleblobas aZlevs gauziaron erTmaneTs
codna da unarebi. jgufuri Sroma, samuSaos efeqturi danawilebis
SesaZleblobas iZleva ise, rom konkretulma individma akeTos is saqme
romelSiac is ufro kompetenturia. meores mxriT, jgufis situacia avlens
garkveul problemebs. jer erTi, rogorc aRvniSneT, roca SeWiduloba maRalia,
jgufis wevrebi SesaZloa met dros da energias xarjaven sasiamovno, magram
araproduqtul socialur urTierTobebze. garda amisa, jgufis dawola, iyo
arsebuli normebis erTguli da 3akeTo saqmeebi ise, rogorc yovelTvis
keTdeboba,4 SesaZloa xelisSemSleli iyos axali da ukeTesi procedurebis
ganviTarebisaTvis. amasTan miuTiTeben amocanis tipis mniSvnelobazec.

amocanis tipi da jgufis Sesruleba. amocanebis klasifikacia SemogvTavaza

steinerma (Steiner,1972). man arsebiTad gamoyo amocanis sami tipi: adituri,
koniuqturi da disiunqturi.
adituri amocana - sadac TiToeuli wevris wvlili gaerTianebulia erT
martiv jgufur produqtSi. mag. rodesac ramdenime individi aerTianebs Tavis
Zalas raTa aswion mZime tvirTi, an rodesac ramodenime individi kardakar dadis
raTa miRweul iqnas xelmoweris mniSvnelovani raodenoba, aseT SemTxvevaSi
amocanis Sesruleba moiTxovs individualuri Zalebis Sejamebas. aseT samuSaoze
cxadia, mniSvnelovania koordinacia. azri ar aqvs mZime tvirTis asawevad
adamianebma TavianTi Zala gamoiyenon sxvadasxva dros da a.S.
koniunqturi amocana - roca jgufis finaluri produqti
determinirebulia misi 3usustesi kavSirebiT4 - anu jgufis usustesi wevris
ZaliT. mag. akrobatebis jgufis Zalisxmeva aaSenon 3adamianebis piramida4.
cxadia, ra simaRles SeiZleba miaRwios piramidam determinirebulia jgufis
usustesi wevris siZliereze.
disiunqturi amocana - sadac jgufis warmateba aseve erTaderTi wevriTaa
determinirebuli. magram am SemTxvevaSi saukeTeso an ufro kompetenturi
individi adeterminirebs zRvars. mag. mecnierebis jgufi rTuli problemis
winaSe. jgufs SeuZlia miiRos erTaderTi gadawyveta da amdenad warmateba
determinirebuli iqneba saukeTeso ideiT romelic SemoTavazebuli iqneba
romelime wevris mier.
rogorc aRvniSneT, jgufi Tu individi romelia ufro efeqturi,
damokidebulia amocanis tipzec. rogor SeiZleba SevadaroT jgufis da
individis efeqturoba TiToeuli am tipis amocanis mimarT?
cxadia aditiur amocanebSi, jgufi ufro efeqturia vidre individi, magram
im pirobiT, rom: (1) uzrunvelyofili iqneba Zalebis koordinacia da (2)
gamoricxuli iqneba socialuri sizarmacis fenomeni - jgufur aqtiobaSi
individis tendencia aiRos msubuqi saqme da mZime Sroma dauTmos sxvas.
kvleviTi monacemebi gvarwmuneben, rom mraval SemTxvevaSi jgufis wevrebs
Soris koordinacia ar aris advilad misaRwevi. rogorc Cans, individebs xSirad
yuradReba gadaaqvT erTmaneTze im SedegiT, rom faqtiurad jgufebi naklebs
qmnian vidre individebis eqvivalenturi raodenoba qmnis individualurad.
situacia naklebad sasikeToa koniunqturuli amocanis Sesrulebisas, sadac
saerTo jgufuri Sesruleba determinirebulia usustesi wevriT. aseT situaciaSi
individebs tendencia aqvT aRematebodes jgufs rogorc Sedegis raodenobriv
maxasiaTeblebSi ise xarisxSi. disiunqturi tipis amocanis SemTxvevaSi, jgufs
tendencia aqvs hqondes kritikuli wertili. jgufs unda yavdes kompententuri
talanturi wevri da mniSvnelovania agreTve is, SeuZlia Tu ara mas Tavisi
warmatebiTi imedebi an gadawyTetileba miaRebinos jgufs.
socialuri sizarmace. rogorc aRvniSneT, jgufis aqtobisa da misi
efeqturobis sakiTxi dakavSirebulia problemasTan, romelic socialuri
sizarmacis fenomenis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili. tendencias, roca adamianebi
gaerTianebuli ZalebiT moqmedeben saerTo miznis misaRwevad, individma
gamoavlinos naklebi Zalisxmeva vidre gamoavlenda individualuri
pasuxismgeblobis SemTxvevaSi, uwodeben socialur sizarmaces. aRmoCnda, rom
jgufur aqtiobebSi, roca saqme gvaqvs pasuxismgeblobis difuziasTan, individebi
cdiloben advilad gamovidnen mdgomareobidan principiT 3dauTme sxvas SromiTi
tvirTi4.
socialuri sizarmacis efeqti ikvlies laboratoriul pirobebSi latanem
da misma kolegebma (Latane,Williams & Harkins. 1979). erTerT kvlevaSi studentebs
sTxoves taSi SemoekraT da ganexorcielebinaT mowonebiTi SeZaxilebi rac
SeiZleba Zlier da xmamaRla. eqsperimentuli pirobebi iseTi iyo, rom
eqsperimentators SeeZlo TiToeuli individis taSis Semokvris da mowonebiTi
SeZaxilebis intensiobis individualuri gansazRvra. eqsperimenti tardeboda
individualurad, or, oTx da eqvskacian jgufebSi. Sedegi iyo is, rom TiToeuli
subieqtis xmis da taSis Semokvris intensioba mcirdeboda jgufis zrdasTan
erTad. aRniSnuli eqsperimenti Catarda gansxvavebul variantebSi. Sedegebi
TiTqmis erTmniSvnelovani iyo.
garda amisa aRmoCnda, rom socialuri sizarmace aris sakmaod zogadi
fenomeni. es erTnairad vlindeba orive sqesSi, gansxvavebul kulturebSi da
sakmaod farTe samuSao pirobebSi.
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom jgufuri socialuri aqtioba
adamianebisTvis TiTqmis bunebrivi mdgomareobaa, gasagebia Tu ra didi
mniSvneloba eniWeba socialuri sizarmacis fenomens. gasagebi xdeba misi
praqtikuli mniSvneloba. sakiTxis praqtikulma mniSvnelobam stimuli misca
socialuri sizarmaci fenomenis amxsneli Teoriebis Camoyalibebas. magaliTad,
socialuri biZgis Teoria, socialur sizarmaces ukavSirebs pasuxismgeblobis
difuziis sakiTxs. am Teoriis mixedviT rac ufro didia jgufi miT ufro
naklebad grZnoben pasuxismgeblobas misi wevrebi, jgufis amocanebis
SesrulebisaTvis. zogierTi Teoria socialur sizarmaces ukavSirebs motivaciis
problemas, rom radgan jgufis TiToeuli wevri acnobierebs rom saerTo saqmeSi
maTi wvlilis Sefaseba SeuZlebelia, es amcirebs maT motivacias mTeli
ZalisxmeviT miiRon monawileoba saerTo saqmeSi. socialuri sizarmacis
fenomenis saintereso axsna SemogvTavazes karaum da viliamsma, romelic
koleqtiuri Zalisxmevis modelis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili. maTi azriT
socialuri sizarmace warmoadgens motivaciis molodini-valentobis Teoriis
principebis gavrcelebas jgufis Sesrulebis situaciis mimarT. motivaciis
molodini-valentobis Teoriis mixedviT, individi erTgulad muSaobs ama Tu im
saqmeSi imdenad, ramdenadac arsebobs Semdegi pirobebi: (1) rwmena, rom erTad
muSaoba miiyvans mas ukeTes Sesrulebamde (molodini); (2) maT swamT, rom
ukeTesad Sesruleba aRiarebuli da dajildovebuli iqneba (instrumentaluroba);
(3) mosalodneli jildo unda iyos Rirebuli da sasurveli (valentoba). e.i.
individi romelic muSaobs marto gamoavlens Zalisxmevas im xarisxSi, ra
xarisxSic isini aRiqvamen pirdapir kavSirs maT Sromasa da im Sedegs Soris,
romelic maT surs. avtorebis azriT swored es kavSirebia mkrTali jgufuri
aqtiobis dros. kerZod, ar aris molodini rom Zalisxmevis gazrda miiyvans
ukeTes Sesrulebamde. es SeiZleba dainaxos individma roca Sroma
individualuria. roca Sroma koleqtiuria, Znelia dainaxo Sens Zalisxmevasa da
Sedegs Soris uSualo kavSiri. igive iTqmis instrumentalurobaze da a.S.
socialuri sizarmacis fenomenis detaluri analizis safuZvelze
miTiTebulia is pirobebi, romelSic naklebi iqneba albaToba imisa, rom
gamovlindes es tendencia. es pirobebia Semdegi:
1. individebis Sroma mcire jgufSi;
2. rodesac amocana Sinaganad sainteresoa;
3. individi muSaobs sxvebTan, romlebic mas moswons da romlebsac pativs scems;
4. rodesac individi aRiqvams, rom misi wvlili aris unikaluri da
mniSvnelovani;
5.individi modis im kulturidan sadac xazgasmulia jgufuri Sedegebi da
Zalisxmeva.
SemoTavazebulia ramdenime teqnika, raTa aviciloT socialuri sizarmacis
fenomeni. pirvel rigSi miTiTebulia imaze, rom saWiroa jgufis TiToeuli
wevris Zalisxmevis identificireba da amis gacnobiereba jgufisaTvis; meore -
jgufs SeuZlia Seamciros socialuri sizarmacis tendencia jgufis wevrebis
valdebulebebis gazrdiT samuSaos SesrulebisaTvis; mesame - jgufs SeuZlia
Seamciros socialuri sizarmacis tendencia amocanis mniSvnelobis da
Rirebulebis gazrdiT; meoTxe, socialuri sizarmace mcirdeba roca individi
Tavis wvlils ganixilavs rogorc unikalurs da ara rogorc imis gameorebas
rasac sxvebi akeTeben; dabolos, socialuri sizarmace SeiZleba Semcirdes
jgufis SeWidulobis gazrdiT.

koordinacia jgufSi: TanamSromloba da konfliqti.

TanamSromloba aris iseTi urTierToba individebs Soris, sadac daxmareba

aris urTierTi da orivesTvis sasargeblo. es SeiZleba ganxorcieldes
situaciaSi, sadac jgufis wevrebi muSaoben erTad raTa miRweuli iqnas saerTo
mizani. TanamSromlobiT jgufma SeiZleba miaRwios mizans romlis miRweva
individualur wevrs ar SeuZlia. miuxedavad TanamSromlebis sikeTisa, is xSirad
ar xorcieldeba.
xSirad, jgufis wevrebma TavianTi pirovnuli interesebi da perspeqtivebi
SeiZleba aRiqvan rogorc SeuTavsebeli sxvebis interesebTan im SedegebiT, rom
nacvlad erTad muSaobisa da Zalebis koordinirebisa, isini muSaoben erTmaneTis
winaaRmdeg, rac xSirad orive mxarisTvis negatiur Sedegebs iZleva. aseTi
viTareba, romelic cnobilia rogorc konfliqti, SeiZleba ganvsazRvroT
rogorc procesi, romelSic individi an jgufi aRiqvams rom sxvebi
anxorcieleben an male ganaxorcieleben maTi interesebisaTvis SeuTavsebel
aqtiobas. konfliqts aqvs eskalaciis saocari Tviseba. is SeiZleba daiwyos
martivi undoblobiT da male gabrazebis, aRSfoTebis gavliT, dasruldes meore
mxarisaTvis zianis miyenebiT. konfliqtis saboloo Sedegi SeiZleba Zalian
mtkivneuli iyos orive mxarisaTvis.
garkveuli gagebiT TanamSromloba da konfliqti gaazrebulia rogorc
koordinaciis kontinuumis urTierT sawinaaRmdego WrilSi ganlagebuli
movlenebi.
TanTmSromloba. rom TanamSromloba SeiZleba sasargeblo iyos es ueWvelia.
maSin, ratom ar axdenen jgufis wevrebi yovelTvis TavianTi aqtiobis
koordinacias? erTi pasuxi amaze SeiZleba iyos is, rom zogierTi mizani,
romliskenac miiswrafian adamianebi ar SeiZleba ganawilebuli iqnas. ramodenime
individi miiswrafis erTidaigive samuSaosaken, dawinaurebisaken an romantiuli
partniorisken da SeuZlebelia maTi Zalebis gaerTianeba miznis misaRwevad.
sasurveli Sedegi xelmisawvdomia mxolod erTerTi maTganisaTvis, amdenad
SeuZlebelia TanamSromloba. aseT situaciaSi SeiZleba swrafad ganviTardes
konfliqti, radgan TiToeul cdilobs optimaluri gaxados Tavisi Sedegi.
arsebobs mravali situacia, romelSic TanamSromloba SeiZleba
ganviTardes da SeiZleba ara. miuTiTeben mTel rig faqtorebze romlebic
moqmedeben TanamSromlobaze.
situacia, romelSic TanamSromloba unda Camoyalibdes magram ar
yalibdeba SeiZleba aRweril iqnas rogorc socialuri dilema.
socialuri dilema - esaa situacia, roca yoveli individi zrdis mis
individualur sargebels (mogebas) garkveuli moqmedebiT, magram Tu yvela
moiqceva ase, Sedegi romelsac TiToeuli iRebs mcirdeba. individebi aseT
situaciaSi unda ganicdidnen Sereul motivebs: arsebobs TanamSromlobis mizezi
(yvelasaTvis acilebul iqnas negatiuri Sedegi), magram arsebobs mizezi
sawinaaRmdego qcevisaTvisac - gaakeTo is rac SenTvisaa ukeTesi. Tu erTi an
ramodenime individi moiqceva ase, isini moigeben magram sxvebi ara. yoveldRiur
cxovrebaSi, mravali situacia kvalificirdeba rogorc socialuri dilema. mag.
iseTi trivialuri faqti rooricaa eleqtro energiis, an wylis ekonomiuri
xarjva. Tu qalaqSi yvela daicavs ekonomiurad xarjvis reJims, mas yvelasaTvis
sasargeblo Sedegi eqneba. magram individebma, imis gamo, rom fiqrobs, Tu is mets
moixmars amiT bevri araferi daSavdeba, SeiZleba ar daicvas xarjvis reJimi.
marTlac Tu marto is ar daicavs reJims amiT qalaqs SeiZleba arc ki daetyos.
magram Tu yvela ase moiqceva, danakliss raTqmaunda yvela igrZnobs.
faqtorebi romlebic gavlenas axdenen TanamSromlobaze.
im faqtorebs Soris, romlebic gansazRvraven socialuri dilemis situaciaSi
adamianebi airCeven Tu ara TanamSromlobis strategias, gansakuTrebiT gamoyofen
sams: reciprokulobas, pirovnul orientacias da komunikacias.
reciprokuloba - adamianebi cxovrebaSi arCeven mihyvnen 3oqros wess4 -
moeqces sxvebs ise rogorc moewonebodaT, rom sxvebi moeqcnen mas. miuxedavad
aseTi aRiarebuli wesisa, adamianebi iqcevian gansxvavebulad. umTavresad
adamianebs tendencia aqvT ireagiron sxvebze ara ise rogorc moewonebodaT
moeqcnen mas TviTon, aramed ufro reagireben ise rogorc moeqcnen maT sxvebi
warmulSi. erTi sityviT adamianebi umTavresad reciprokulobis principiT
moqmedeben. arCevani TanamSromlobasa da Sejibrs Soris ar warmoadgens
gamonakliss. roca sxva TanamSromlobs CvenTan da ugulebelyofs Tavis
egoistur interesebs, Cvenc Cveulebriv amave maneriT vpasuxobT. Tu isini
TavianTi egoisturi interesebis Sesatyvisad iqcevian, Cvenc imaves vakeTebT.
pirovnuli orientacia. albaT ar gagviWirdeba nacnob megobrebidan
gavixsenoT individi, romelic Cveulebriv upiratesobas aZlevs TanamSromlobas,
an gavixsenoT individi romelic upiratesobas, Cveulebriv, egoistur interesebs
aZlevs. aseTi gansxvaveba individebs Soris SesamCnevi gaxda imitom, rom am
Tvisebas individi situaciidan situaciamde da drois garkveuli xangrZlivobiT
avlens. erTi sityviT pirovnul orientacias warmoadgens. aSkara monacemebi
pirovnul orientaciebSi anu socialur motivaciaSi gansxvavebis arsebobis da
gavlenis Sesaxeb mogvca kvlevebma, romelic ganaxorcieles DeDreu & McKusker-
ma(1997)
TavianT adrindel kvlevebze dayrdnobiT, aRniSnuli mkvlevarebi
varaudoben socialuri dilemis situaciisadmi sami pirovnuli orientaciis
armebobas: (1) TanamSromluri orientacia - romelSic individebi upiratesorbas
aniWeben maqsimaluri gaxadon saerTo Sedegi, sadac igebs yvela, vinc CarTulia
am urTierTobaSi; (2) individualisturi orientacia, romelSic individi
fokusirebulia, pirvel rigSi, maqsimaluri gaxados Tavisi sargebeli; (3)
SejibrebiTi orientacia, romelSic individebi, pirvel rigSi fokusirebulni
arian daamarcxon sxvebi, miiRon ufro meti sikeTe vidre sxvebi iReben.
komunikacia. saRi azriT, Tu individebs eqnebaT SesaZlebloba imsjelon
sxvebTan situaciaze, isini SesZleben daaskvnan, rom yvelasaTvis ukeTesi iqneba
TanamSromloba. bolosdabolos, TanamSromloba sasargebloa yvelasaTvis.
gasaocaria, rom adrindeli kvlevebi erTmniSvnelovnad ar adasturebda saRi
azris am daSvebas. komunikaciis SesaZlebloba xSirad, gamomdinare kvlevebidan,
ar zrdida TanamSromlobas.
Tanamedrove kvlevebi ufro optimistur Sedegebs iZleva. kerZod,
miuTiTeben, rom jgufis wevrebs Soris komunikaciam SeiZleba migviyvanos
gazrdil TanamSromlobamde, garkveul pirobebSi. kerZod, sasikeTo efeqti
SeiZleba miviRoT, Tu jgufis wevrebi akeTeben pirovnul SeTanxmebas
iTanamSromlon erTmaneTTan da Tu es SeTanxmebebi mxardaWerilia
valdebulebebis grZnobiT, patiosnad daicvan is.
kvlevebiT dasturdeba, rom socialuri dilemis situaciaSi,
TanamSromloba romelic emyareba SeTanxmebas, Cans rom damokidebulia ufro
pirovnuli SeTanxmebis efeqtze, vidre sajaro an jgufis normebze.
amrigad, ramodenime faqtori - reciprokulobis tendencia,
TanamSromlobisadmi pirovnuli orientaciebi da komunikacia, pirovnul sindissa
da SeTanxmebasTan erTad, mkacrad gansazRvravs ras gaakeTebs individi
situaciaSi, sadac maT SeuZliaT gaakeTon arCevani TanamSromlobasa da Ralats
Soris, rogorc Cans arCevani arc martivia da arc avtomaturi. arCevani ufro
aris socialur da pirovnul faqtorebs Soris rTuli urTierTobis Sedegi.

konfliqti: misi buneba.

Tu TanamSromloba Tavsdeba kontinuumis ganzomilebis erT boloSi -
ganzomilebisa romelic aRwers Tu individebi da jgufebi rogor muSaoben
erTad - konfliqti moTavsdeba am ganzomilebis meore boloSi. rogorc zemoT
miuTiTeT, konfliqti aris procesi, romelSic individi an jgufi aRiqvams, rom
sxvebi axorcieleben an male ganaxorcieleben aqtiobas, romelic SeuTavsebelia
individis an jgufis interesebTan. konfliqtis arsebiTi elementebi rogorc Cans
aris: (1) individebs an jgufebs Soris opoziciuri interesebi; (2) opoziciis
aRiareba; (3) TiToeuli mxaris rwmena, rom meore mxare moqmedebs, raTa xeli
SeuSalos maT interesebs; da (4) aqtiobebi, romlebic faqtiurad iZlevian xelis
SeSlas.
samwuxarod konfliqti aris socialuri cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawili da
is sakmaod mtkivneuli SeiZleba iyos orive mxarisaTvis. ra faqtorebi
gansazRvraven, rom individebi da jgufebi aRmoCndebian CarTulni am aSkara
iracionalur procesebSi? da ra unda gakeTdes raTa SevamciroT aseTi qceva?
konfliqtebis mTavari mizezebi. konfliqtebis definacia xazs usvams
SeuTavsebeli interesebis arsebobas, aRiarebas da marTlac SeuTavsebeli
interesebi qmnian konfliqtis gansazRvrul saxeebs. Tumca isic faqtia, rom
zogjer SeuTavsebeli interesebis arsebobisas konfliqti ar viTardeba. da sxva
SemTxvevaSi, konfliqti SeiZleba warmoiSvas iq, sadac SeuTavsebeli interesebi
mxareebs Soris ar arsebobs - mxareebs ubralod swams, rom is arsebobs. amrigad,
aSkaraa, rom konfliqti Seicavs raRac ufro mets vidre SeuTavsebeli
interesebi. monacemebi miuTiTeben, rom socialuri faqtorebi gacilebiT met
rols TamaSoben konfliqtis CamoyalibebaSi vidre SeuTavsebeli interesebi.
erTerT aseT socialur faqtors warmoadgens mcdari atribucia - Secdoma
romelic exeba sxvisi qcevis mizezebs. rodesac individi aRmoaCens rom mis
interesebs xeli eSleba, is cdilobs gaerkves ratom moxda ase? iyo es cudi
SemTxvevis Sedegi? xom ar dauSva TviTon dagegmvaSi Secdoma? Tu, es iyo sxva
piris an jgufis ganzraxviTi xelisSeSlis Sedegi? Tu CaTvlis, rom es
ukanaskneli iyo mizezi, konfliqtis Tesli ukve Cagdebulia, Tundac rom meore
pirs araferi qondes gakeTebuli. erTi sityviT, mcdari atribucia, romelic
exeba negatiuri Sedegebis mizezebs, xSirad mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs
konfliqtis ganviTarebaSi da xSirad maSinac ki roca SeiZleboda misi acileba.
meore socialuri faqtori, romelic mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs
konfliqtis warmoSobaSi aris mcdari komunikacia. konfliqti SeiZleba iyos
komunikaciis Sedegi. zogjer, komunikaciis procesi Sedegad gvaZlevs individis
gabrazebas an gaRizianebas, miuxedavad imisa, rom amis ganzraxva ar yofila.
zogjer, uxeSi kritika - kritika romelic grZnobT, rom ar aris patiosani, an
bolosdabolos usargebloa, erTi sityviT 3destruqciuli4 kritika- iwvevs
gabrazebas da SurisZiebis grZnobas - rac safuZveli xdeba konfliqtisaTvis da
rac ar momdinareobs interesebis SeuTavseblobidan.
mesame socialuri mizezi SeiZleba iyos tendencia aRiqva sakuTari
Tvalsazrisi rogorc obieqturi, rogorc realobis asaxva, magram sxvebis mier
is SeiZleba aRqmul iqnas, rogorc ideologia. rogorc am tendenciis Sedegi,
romelic cnobilia rogorc gulubryvilo realoba, Cven tendencia gvaqvs
gavzardoT gansxvaveba Cvens da sxvebis Tvalsazrisebs Soris, da amdenad,
gavzardoT interesebis konfliqti. Tanamedrove gamokvlevebi miuTiTeben, rom es
tendencia ufro Zlieria individebSi, romlebic dominantur an Zalismier
pozicias floben. aRmoCnda, rom maT tendencia aqvT gazardon gansxvaveba
sakuTar da SesaZlebel mowinaaRmdegebis poziciebs Soris
bolos, Cans rom konfliqtis CamoyalibebaSi garkveul rols TamaSobs
pirovnuli Tvisebebi. mag. A tipis adamianebs, romlebisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia
maRali konkurentuloba, yvelgan da yvelaferSi siCqare da agznebuloba,
tendencia aqvT ufro advilad da xSirad iyvnen konfliqtSi vidre B tipis
adamianebs.
amrigad, konfliqti ar momdinareobs mxolod SeuTavsebeli interesebidan.
konfliqtis mizezi xSirad socialuri faqtorebidan momdinareobs. esenia,
xangrZlivi ukmayofileba da aRSfoTeba, SurisZiebis survili, araswori
socialuri percepcia, cudi komunikacia. erTi sityviT, konfliqts,
TanamSromlobis msgavsad, gansxvavebuli fesvebi avqvs. marTalia centraluri
maT Soris marTlac SeiZleba iyos interesebis SeuTavsebloba, magram,
mxedvelobidan ar unda gamogvrCes misi socialuri da kognituri mizezebi.

konfliqtis gadawyveta

radgan konfliqtebi xSirad Zalian ZviradRirebuli da Zalian

mtkivneulicaa, masSi CarTul individebs surT misi rac SeiZleba swrafad
gadawyveta. amitom gasagebia sayovelTao interesi konfliqtis gadawyvetis
teqnikisadmi. bolo periodSi xSirad laparakia konfliqtis gadawyvetis or
teqnikaze, romelsac sakmaod warmatebiT iyeneben sxvadasxva donis konfliqtebis
gadasawyvetad, esenia: molaparakeba da superordinaluri miznebi.
molaparakeba. SedarebiT zogadi strategia, SeiZleba iTqvas
universaluric, konfliqtis gadawyvetisa aris molaparakeba (negociacia).
molaparakebis procesSi mopirdapire mxareebi cvlian winadadebebs,
kontrwinadadebebs, daTmobebs rogorc pirispir urTierTobaSi ise
warmomadgenlobis meSveobiT. Tu molaparakebis procesi warmatebulia,
gadawyveta misaRebia orive mxarisaTvis da konfliqti gadawyvetilia. Tu
molaparakeba warumatebelia, Sedegad SeiZleba miviRoT Zvirad Rirebuli Cixi da
konfliqti ufro mwvavec. ra faqtorebi gansazRvraven Tu romeli Sedegi iqneba?
cxadia amaze mravali faqtori axdens gavlenas.
pirveli, romelic molaparakebis Sedegebs gansaxRvravs, nawilobriv aris
specifikuri faqtorebi romlebsac iyenebs mxareebi molaparakebisas. umravlesoba
maTgani gamiznulia raTa ganxorcieldes mTavari mizani: Seamciro oponentis
aspiracia ise rom es piri an jgufi darwmundes rom is ver miiRebs rac surs da
sanacvlod gadawyvitos raime sxva mniSvnelovani ram meore mxarisaTvis.
oponentis aspiraciis Semcireba Seicavs (1) ukiduresi sawyisi winadadebiT
dawyebas, romelic Zalian upiratesoba miniWebulia im mxarisTvis romelic mas
ayenebs; (2) 3didi sicruis4 teqnika; (3) daarwmuno meore mxare imaSi rom Tqven
ukan ixevT - rom Tu maT ar surT TqvenTan hqondeT saqme, Tqven SegiZliaT
wasvla yvelgan da miiRebT Tundac ukeTes pirobebs.
molaparakebis procesSi zogjer aris situacia, romelic cnobilia
rogorc saerTo - Rirebulebis gamosavali - roca orive mxares faqtiurad surs
erTidaigive, magram erTerTi an orive mxare ar acnobierebs amas. Tu erTi mxare
ar acnobierebs amas, es saSualebas aZlevs meore mxares mcdarad warmoadginos
misi realuri pozicia da amiT miiRos mniSvnelovani upiratesoba.
meore, mniSvnelovani determinanti molaparakebis Sedegisa aris, am
procesisadmi molaparakebis mxareebis saerTo orientacia. adamianebs
molaparakebis procesisadmi SeiZleba hqondeT oridan erTerTi orientacia.
molaparakebas SeiZleba miudgnen rogorc 3mogeba-wagebis4 situacias, romelSic
erTi mxaris mogeba aucileblobiT dakavSirebulia meore mxaris wagebasTan. an
molaparakebas SeiZleba miudgnen rogorc 3mogeba-mogebis4 situacias - romelSic
ori mxaris interesebi aucileblobiT ar aris SeuTavsebadi, da arsebobs orive
mxaris mogebis SesaZlebloba. konfliqtis yvela situacia ar ganixileba rogorc
3mogeba-mogebis4 SesaZlebeli situacia. magram miuTiTeben, rom mravali
situacia, romelic rTulad gveCveneba, SeiZleba Seicavdes amis SesaZleblobas.
Tu monawile mxareebs surT aRmoaCinon SeTanxmebis gzebi, maT SeiZleba miaRwion
e.w. integralur SeTanxmebas - romelic Seicavs gaerTianebul sikeTes, vidre
ubralod kompromiss (roca orive mxare saSualosken moZraobs). mag. vTqvaT, ori
mzareuli apirebs namcxvris gamocxobas romelic moiTxovs mTel forToxals da
aqvT mxolod erTi forToxali. rogor SeiZleba moiqcnen? erTi gamosavalia is
rom forToxali gayon Tanabrad (Suaze gaWran, e.w. kompromisi0. es imas niSnavs
rom orive iRebs naklebsBvidre sWirdeboda. dauSvaT erTs sWirdeba mTeli
forToxlis wveni xolo meores mTeli forToxlis qerqi. cxadia maSin ukeTesi
gadawyvetaa SesaZlebeli, SeiZleba forToxali gaanawilon ise, rom TiToeulma
miiRos is rac mas sWirdeba. cnobilia problemis aseTi integraciuli
gadawyvetis mravali taqtika: (1) namcxvris gadideba- roca resursebis gazrda
xdeba ise, rom orive mxarem SesZlos mTavari miznis miRweva; (2) araspecifikuri
kompensacia - erTi mxare iRebs imas rac surda, meore mxare kompensacias iRebs
sxva raimeTi; (3) Logrolling - orive mxare dabali -prioritetul sakiTxze
SeTanxmebaze midis, raTa miiRos SeTanxmeba ufro mniSvnelovanze; (4) xidis
gadeba - arcerTi mxare ar iRebs mis sawyis moTxovnebs, magram Camoyalibebulia
axali arCevani romelic akmayofilebs orive mxaris mTavar interesebs;
bolos, molaparakebis Sedegebze Zlier gavlenas axdens orive mxaris
percepcia - gansakuTrebiT mcdari percepcia. erTerTi aseTi Secdoma cnobilia
rogorc SeuTavseblobis Secdoma - orive mxaris tendencia dauSvan, rom maTi
interesebi mTlianad SeuTavsebelia. mxareebi ver amCneven im faqts, rom garkveul
sakiTxebSi mxareebi faqtiurad eTanxmebian erTmaneTs. meore Secdoma cnobilia
rogorc fiqsirebuli jamis Secdoma - tendencia dauSvan, rom TiToeuli mxare
imave mniSvnelobas an prioritets aZlevs ra mniSvnelobasac aZlevs meore mxare,
garkveul sakiTxebSi, tragedia imaSia, rom es daSveba SeiZleba mcdari iyos.
superordinaluri miznebi. rogorc miuTiTeT, adamianebs aqvT tendencia
socialuri samyaro dayon or banakad - 3Cven4 da 3isini4. amasTan aRvniSneT, rom
arsebobs Zlieri tendencia 3Cven4 jgufis wevrebi aRiqvan sakmaod
diferencirebulad da Cveulebriv rogorc kargebi vidre 3sxvebi4, tendencia
gaazviado gansxvaveba sakuTar jgufsa da sxvebs Soris da dakninebulad aRiqva
sxvebi, mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs konfliqtis warmoqmnaSi da gansakuTrebiT
konfliqtis Semdgom ganmtkicebaSi. amis Tavidan acileba SeiZleba e.w.
superordinaluri miznebis SemotaniT, miznebisa romelsac orive mxare eZebs da
romelic akavSirebs maT interesebs erTmaneTTan vidre ganaSorebs maT.

jgufSi gadawyvetilebis miReba

erTerTi mniSvnelovani aqtioba, romelsac jgufi axorcielebs aris
gadawyvetilebis miReba, iqneba es qveynis mTavroba, didi Tu mcire kompaniebi,
socialuri institutebi da calkeuli jgufebi, mniSvnelovan gadawyvetilebebs
iRebs jgufi da ara calkeuli individebi. CaTvlilia, rom jgufs, misi wevrebis
eqspertulobis gaerTianebiT, SeuZlia ukeTesi gadawyvetilebis miReba, vidre
individebs.
aris es daSveba swori? jgufi iRebs ukeTes gadawyvetilebas vidre
individi? mkvlevarebi, romlebic jgufSi gadawyvetilebis miRebis problemebze
muSaoben ZiriTadad fokusirebulni arian sam mTavar sakiTxze: (1) rogor aRwevs
jgufi gadawyvetilebas - ras warmoadgens es procesi? (2) gadawyvetileba
romelsac aRwevs jgufi gansxvavdeba imisagan rasac aRwevs individi? da (3)
rogor SemZleba avxsnaT is faqti, rom jgufi zogjer iRebs katastroful
gadawyvetilebas - romelic imdenad cudia, rom Znelia misi axsna?

rogor iRebs jgufi gadawyvetilebas. roca jgufi romelime sakiTxze diskusias

iwyebs, misi wevrebi iSviaTad aRweven Tavidanve erTsulovan SeTanxmebas. ufro
isini mxars uWeren mosazrebaTa farTe rangs da upiratesobas aZleven aqtiobis
ama Tu im kurss. garkveuli periodis Semdeg, Cveulebriv miiRweva gadawyvetileba.
ra Tqma unda es yovelTvis ar xdeba, Tumca umetes SemTxvevaSi, bolosdabolos
garkveuli gadawyvetileba miiReba. dgeba sakiTxi, SegviZlia finaluri
gamosavalis winaswarmetyveleba? anu SegviZlia viwinaswarmetyveloT
gadawyvetileba, romelsac jgufi miaRwevs, Tu gvaqvs informacia Tvalsazrisis
Sesaxeb, romelic jgufis wevrebs aqvT Tavidan? monacemebi gvimtkiceben rom
SegviZlia.
aRmoCnda, rom finaluri gadawyvetileba romelsac aRwevs jgufi,
sizustis maRal xarisxSi, SeiZleba viwinaswarmetyveloT, SedarebiT martivi
wesis saSualebiT romelic socialuri gadawyvetilebis sqemis saxelwodebiTaa
cnobili. es wesi exeba wevrebis Tvalsazrisis sawyis atribucias, an jgufis
finaluri gadawyvetilebisadmi upiratesobis miniWebas, da aris sakmaod
pirdapiri. mag. erTerTia umravlesoba - igebs sqema, romelic miuTiTebs rom
umetes SemTxvevaSi, jgufma unda airCios is pozicia romelic dasawyisSi
mxardaWerilia misi wevrebis umravlesobis mier. am wesis Tanaxmad,
gadawyvetileba emsaxureba jgufSi yvelaze popularuli Tvalszrisisadmi
daTanxmebas an mis gaZlierebas. amisgan gansxvavdeba gadawyvetilebis meore
sqemaa - WeSmariteba igebs sbema. es wesi miuTiTebs, rom swori gadawyveta an
gadawyvetileba, sabolood unda mivides gabatonebamde, radgan misi Rirseba
aRiarebulia wevrebis didi umravlesobis mier. gadawyvetilebis mesame sqemaa -
ori mesamedi umravlesobis wesi. mag. msajulebs, aRmoCnda, rom tendencia aqvT
daadasturon braldebulis danaSauli Tu msajulebis ori mesamedi Tavidan
upiratesobas aZlevda am gadawyvetilebas. Tu es kritikuli umravlesoba ar aris
miRweuli, albaToba, rom msajulebi daiwyeben meryeobas sakmaod maRalia (Daris
da sxvebi,.1984) bolos, Cans, rom zogierTi jgufi iRebs pirveli - gadaadgilebis
wess - rac miuTiTebs tendenciaze, jgufma bolosdabolos miiRos
gadawyvetileba, romelic romelime wevris mier gamovlenili mosazrebis pirveli
gadanacvlebis mimarTulebis konsistenturia.
kvleviTi Sedegebi miuTiTeben, rom zemoT CamoTvlili martivi sqemebi
xSirad SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs viwinaswarmetyveloT jgufis sakmaod rTuli
gadawyvetilebebi. rasakvirvelia, gansxvavebuli sqemebi warmatebiTi SeiZleba
iyos garkveul pirobebSi. mag. umravlesoba igebs sqema saukeTesoa Sefasebis
amocanis situaciaSi, roca arsebobs ramodenime azri da romlisTvisac
obieqturi swori gadawyveta ar arsebobs. WeSmariteba igebs sqema Cans saukeTesoa
jgufis gadawyvetilebis winaswarmetyvelebisaTvis inteleqtualu-ri amocanebis
mimarT, sadac arsebobs swori gadawyveta.
meore sakiTxi, romelic dgeba jgufSi gadawyvetilebis miRebis
problemasTan dakavSirebiT aris is Tu, rogor midis jgufi finalur
SeTanxmebamde? erTerTi bazisuri strategia romelic miTiTebulia amasTan
dakavSirebiT aris socialuri gadawyvetis sqema - sqema exeba imas Tu jgufi,
wevrebis gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisebis an poziciebis gavliT, rogor moZraobs
finaluri gadawyvetilebis mimarTulebiT. saintereso gamokvleva ganaxorciela
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT keerma da makkounma (Keer & MacCoun,1985)
eqsperimentSi sam, eqvs an Tormetwevrian jgufSi (yvela mamakacebi an
qalebi) subieqtebi iRebdnen msajulebis rols. maT gansaxilvelad eZleodaT
cxra SeiaraRebuli Zarcvis SemTxveva, romelTagan TiToeuli aRwerili iyo erT
gverdian daskvnaSi. SemTxvevis Sesaxeb msjelobisas unda mieTiTebinaT
upiratesoba miniWebuli verdiqti (damnaSave iyo Tu ara) maT win mdebare panelze
oridan erTerT Rilakze TiTis daWeriT. subieqtebs SeeZloT survilis mixedviT
SeecvalaT TavianTi uairatesoba miniWebuli verdiqti. diskusia yovel
SemTxvevaze gagrZeldeboda 10 wuTi. Tu am drois ganmavlobaSi jgufi ver
miaRwevda erTsulovan gadawyvetilebas, unda daewyoT momdevno SemTxvevis
garCeva.
Sedegebi iyo rTuli, magram am procesis saintereso mignebas iZleoda,
romliTac jgufi aRwevda gadawyvetilebas: pirveli, gadauwyvetavi SemTxvevebis
raodenoba izrdeboda jgufis sididesTan erTad, rac miuTiTebda imaze, rom
erTsulovani SeTanxmeba ufro advilia mcire jgufSi vidre didSi. meore, didi
jgufi met dros andomebda gadawyvetilebis miRebas vidre mcire jgufi. mesame,
jgufis sidide gavlenas axdenda im maneraze Tu jgufi rogor moZraobda
wevrebis Tvalsazrisis gansxvavebuli nimuSebis gavliT gadawyvetilebisaken.
aRmoCnda, rom ori mesamedi umravlesobis upiratesobis miniWeba verdiqtze ufro
warmatebiTi iyo mieRwiaT erTsulovnebisaTvis samkacian jgufSi vidre eqvs da
Tormetwevrian jgufSi. es monacemebi avtorebis azriT gvarwmuneben, rom
gadawyvetilebis miRebis jgufis sididis Semcireba (gansakuTrebiT msajulebis)
gazrdis 3umravlesoba - igebs4 procesis ganviTarebis albaTobas.
amrigad, socialur gadasvlis sqemis da masTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis
kvlevebi, gvarwmuneben, rom procesi Tu rogor midis jgufi SeTanxmebisaken aris
rTuli. jgufis finalur gadawyvetaze gavlenas axdens jgufis wevrebis sawyisi
Tvalsazrisebi, jgufis zoma da mTeli rigi sxva faqtorebi. erTi sityviT
procesi ar aris SemTxveviTi. is garkveuli wesrigiT mimdinareobs. amitom, Tu
ratomaa, rom jgufs yovelTvis ar SeuZlia miiRos saukeTeso gadawyvetileba,
Cans, rom SeiZleba amis winaswarmetyveleba.

jgufis gadawyvetilebebis buneba

rogorc aRvniSneT, Cveulebriv, yvela mniSvnelovan gadawyvetilebas iRebs jgufi.

es emyareba gavrcelebul azrs, rom jgufi naklebad uSvebs seriozul Secdomebs
vidre individebi. marTlac asea? aris jgufi marTlac ukeTesi gadawyvetilebis
misaRebad - an sul mcire ufro konservatiuli vmdre individi? mravali
gamokvleva mieZRvna am sakiTxs da xSirad moulodnel Sedegebsac gvTavazobs.
gadaweva riskisaken Tu polarizaciisaken. jer kidev 1960-an wlebSi Catarda
gamokvleva romelic exeboda sakiTxs Tu riTi gansxvavdeba jgufis
gadawyvetileba individualurisagan. jeims stoneris eqsperimentebi iTvleba
erTerT mniSvnelovan gamokvlevad, romelic am sakiTxs exeba (Stoner, 1961)
stoneri kolejis itudentebs sTxovda eTamaSaT hipoTezirebuli
warmatebuli firmis mrCevelis roli, romelic daSvebuli iyo, rom imyofeboda
arCevanis amocanis winaSe. maT unda mieRo gadawyvetileba gaekeTebina riskiani,
mimzidveli arCevani Tu mieRo konservatuli magram ara mimzidveli arCevani.
kerZod daebandebinaT kapitali erTerT ganviTarebad qveyanaSi, sadac mogeba
Zalian maRali iqneboda magram politikuri arastabilurobis gamo SesaZlebeli
iyo revolucia da saerTod daekargaT kapitali.
politikuri stabilurobis Sansi iyo Semdegi:
- Sansi, rom politikuri stabiluroba SenarCunebuli iqneboda iyo 10-dan-1
- Sansi, rom politikuri stabiluroba SenarCunebuli iqneboda iyo 10-dan-3
- Sansi, rom politikuri stabiluroba SenarCunebuli iqneboda iyo 10-dan-5
- Sansi, rom politikuri stabiluroba SenarCunebuli iqneboda iyo 10-dan-7
- Sansi, rom politikuri stabiluroba SenarCunebuli iqneboda iyo 10-dan-9
subieqtebs unda mieTiTebinaT ra SemTxvevaSi urCevdnen mepatrones kapitalis
dabandebas am bveyanaSi.
subieqtebi jer arCevans akuTebdnen individualurad, marto. Semdeg amave
subieqtebidan adgendnen jgufs da jgufs unda mieRo gadawyvetileba, ra
SemTxvevaSi miscemdnen rCevas firmas. Sedegebi aSkarad miuTiTeben rom jgufis
gadawyvetileba yovelTvis ufro riskiani iyo vidre individualuri
gadawyvetilebebi. amas mohyva sxva gamokvlevebi da Camoyalibda mosazreba, rom
jgufi iRebs ufro riskian gadawyvetilebas - jgufs aqvs gadawyvetilebis riskis
mimarTulebiT gadawevis tendencia.
momdevno kvlevebi, romlebic 1970-ian wlebSi Catarda, ar uWerda mxars am
mosazrebas. kvlevebi ufro aCvenebdnen rom jgufSi diskusia ufro
sifrTxilisaken gadawevas axdenda da ara riskisken. momdevno kvlevebma
TandaTanobiT Camoayaliba mosazreba, rom is rac adrindel kvlevaSi Canda rom
iyo riskisaken gadaweva, faqtiurad iyo ufro zogadi fenomeni gadaweva
polarizaciisaken. jgufis diskusias, Canda, rom individualuri wevrebi miyavda
gamxdariyvnen ara ubralod ufro riskianebi an ufro frTxili, aramed ufro
gamxdariyvnen eqstremalurebi. amrigad, Tu isini jgufis diskusiamde aqtiobis
romelime kursis mimarT amJRavnebdnen zomier pozicias, jgufis diskusiis
Sedagad isini midian iqamde, rom maTi pozicia amave aqtiobis mimarT xdeba ufro
Zlieri, ukiduresi. e.i. Tu isini jgufis diskusiamde zomierad iyvnen winaaRmdegi
aqtiobis garkveuli kursis mimarT maTi pozicia ufro Zlieri xdeba jgufSi
azris gacvlis Semdeg. maS, jgufis diskusiis Sedegad poziciis gadaweva aris
ufro zogadi sakiTxi. is warmoadgens gadawevas ufro ukiduresobisaken da
uwodeben mas jgufis polarizacias.
jgufis polarizacia - fenomenis axsna. gamoikveTa am fenomenis axsnis ori
midgoma; socialuri Sedareba da damarwmunebeli argumentebi.
socialuri Sedarebis Teoria varaudobs, rom jgufis diskusiisas, adamianebi
uSveben, rom maT aqvT 3ukeTesi4 Tvalsazrisi vidre jgufis sxva wevrebs. e.i.
isini uSveben, rom maTi Tvalsazrisi aris ufro ukiduresi 3sworis4 da
Rirebulis mimarTulebiT. radgan SesaZlebelia nebismierisTvis iyos saSualoze
maRla am sakiTxSi, jgufis mravali wevri male ganicdis uxeS 3gamoRviZebas4:
isini igeben, rom maTi Tvalsazrisi ar aris ise ukiduresi pozitiuris da
Rirebulis mimarTulebiT rogorc es Tavidan egona. radgan adamianTa
umravlesobas surs miaRwios poziciur self-imijs da cdilobs amas TavisaTvis
keTilsasurvel sxvasTan SedarebiT (socialuri Sedareba), es awveba mas
gadainacvlos ufro ukiduresi poziciisaken. roca TiToeuli ase akeTebs, jgufi
rogorc mTliani moZraobs imave mimarTulebiT da Sedegad viTardeba
polarizaciis efeqti Sanders & Baron, 1977)
jgufis polarizaciis am logikiT axsna mxardaWerilia saintereso
gamokvlevebiT. mag. aRmoCnda, rom individebs aqvT tendencia aRiqvan TavianTi
Tavi rogorc ufro ukiduresi 3swori4 mimarTulebiT; aseve, aRmoCnda, rom
ukiduresobisaken gadaweva xorcieldeba maSinac roca individebi ubralod
igeben, rom maTi Tvalsazrisi ar aris ise Sors saSualoze maRla rogorc isini
Tavidan uSvebdnen (Myers da axvebi 1980). Tumca arsebobs monacemebi, romlebic
mxars ar uWeren am Tvalsazriss. mTeli rigi monacemebisa miuTiTeben, rom
zogjer individebi rekomendacias aZleven ufro ukidures da riskian
gadawyvetilebisaken ucnobebs vidre TavisTavs. es ki ar eTanxmeba mosazrebas
rom adamianebs surT Candnen saSualoze maRla gambedaobaSi an masTan
dakavSirebul pirovnul TvisebebSi.
damarwmunebeli argumentebis Tvalsazrisi, polarizaciis gansxvavebul
axsnas iZleva. es midgoma varaudobs, rom jgufis diskusiis msvlelobaSi,
individi iRebs informacias, romelic mxars uWers mis Tvalsazriss. radgan
zogierTi argumenti, SeiZleba iyos iseTi, romelic manamde ar yofila
ganxiluli. individi, romelic iRebs damatebiT argumentebs, SeiZleba
darwmundes imaSi, rom misi Tvalsazrisi am mimarTulebiT Secvalos. amrigad,
jgufi TandaTanobiT gadaiweva im Tvalsazrisisaken, romelic mxardaWerilia
damarwmunebeli argumentaciis didi raodenobiT. Tvalsazrisi, romelic
dominirebs dasawyisSi, iRebs ufro met da Zlier mxardaWeras da viTardeba
polarizacia.
es mosazreba mxardaWerilia, aseve, mTeli rigi kvleviTi monacemebiT: (1)
aRmoCnda, rom umetesoba argumentebisa, romelic warmodgenilia jgufis
diskusiis dros, faqtiurad mxars uWers jgufis umravlesobis Tvalsazriss; (2)
aRmoCnda, rom rac ufro didia argumentebis damarwmuneblobis Zala da
raodenoba, romlebic eTanxmeba mocemul konkretul Tvalsazriss, miT ufro
didia gadaweva mis mimarTulebiT, rogorc jgufis diskusiis Sedegi.
Tu gavaanalizebT im monacemebs romelic am or midgomasTanaa
dakavSirebuli, aRmoCndeba, Znelia romelimes mivaniWoT upiratesoba. Cans, rom
rogorc socialuri Sedareba ise informaciis gacvla garkveul rols TamaSobs
jgufis polarizaciaSi. roca individebi grZnoben, rom warmoadgenen jgufis
nawils, socialuri kategorizaciis an socialuri identifikaciis procesi modis
moqmedebaSi. amas ki, Tavis mxriv SeiZleba individebi miyavs iqamde,rom jgufis
pozicia aRiqvan rogorc ufro ukeTesi vidre realuradaa. Sedegad, individebi
ganicdian dawolas daeTanxmon am arcTu ise zust Tvalsazriss, rasac mohyveba
TviT jgufis gadaweva ufro ukiduresobisaken.
polarizaciis faqtma, gadawyvetilebis miRebis jgufi SeiZleba miiyvanos
ufro meti ukiduresi poziciis mimarTulebiT gadawevisaken, ramac SeiZleba
saSiSi mimarTuleba miiRos. am konteqstSi, albaT sainteresoa zogierTi
politikuri an militaristuli jgufis katastrofuli gadawyvetilebis gaazreba,
romelic Tanamedrove gadasaxedidan uazrobadac ki gveCveneba.

jgufis mier gadawyvetilebis miReba.

gadawyvetilebis miRebis jgufis polarizaciisaken gadawevam, rogorc vnaxeT,
SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos zusti da efeqturi arCevanis gakeTebas. amasTan unda
aRvniSnoT, rom polarizacia, ar aris erTaderTi procesi, romelmac SeiZleba
mogvces iseTi efeqti, romlsac SeuZlia gadawyvetilebis miRebis jgufi
miiyvanos Tundac katastroful Sedegebamde. maT Soris gansakuTrebiT gamoyofen
jgufis azris fenomens da jgufis wevrebis uunaroba gaaerTianos ara
ganawilebuli informacia.
jgufuri azri - saRi azriT, jgufis wevrebs Soris SeWidulobis maRali
done pozitiuri movlenaa. bolosdabolos, Tu jgufis wevrebs moswonT Zalian
erTmaneTi, Rrma Tanxmobas grZnoben jgufis mimarT, Sesrulebis done maRali
iqneba. magram aRmoCnda, rom es mosazreba mcdaric ki SeiZleba iyos. roca
jgufis SeWidulobis maRali done Sewyvilebulia sxva pirobebTan (mag.
dinamiuri gavleniani lideri) SeiZleba moqmedebaSi movides iseTi
SemaSfoTebeli procesi, romelic jgufuri azris saxelwodebiTaa cnobili
(Janis, 1982) jgufuri azris Camoyalibebis xelSemwyob pirobebs Soris asaxeleben
Semdegs:
1. gadawyvetilebis miRebis jgufis maRali SeWiduloba;
2. jgufis garedan zegavlenisagan, informaciisagan izolacia;
2 dinamikuri, direqtiuli lideri;
4.alternatuli aqtiobebis pro da kon argumentebis dawvrilebiTi ganxilvis
procedurebis nakleboba.
5. maRali stresi garegani muqarisagan, Tanac mcire imedi, rom napovni iqneba
ukeTesi gadawyveta vidre SemoTavazebulia lideris an sxva mniSvnelovani
individis mier.

CamoTvlili pirobebi qmnis e.w. jgufur azrs, romelic xels uwyobs

gadawyvetilebis miRebas, romelic SeiZleba katastrofuli aRmoCndes. aseT
katastroful gadawyvetilebadaa CaTvlili amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
prezidentis, j. kenedis da misi mrCevlebis mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba,
daamxon f. kastros reJimi kubaSi centraluri sadazvervo sammarTvelos mier
gawrTvnili 1400 kubeli emigrantebis saSualebiT, romelmac samarcxvino marcxi
ganicada.
an kidev prezident l. jonsonis da misi politikuri mrCevlebis
(romelic prezidentis gunds qmnida) mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba vietnamis
mimarT, romelsac mohyva vietnamis omi da misi eskalacia 1964-67 ww. da romelic
aseve am politikis sruli kraxiT damTavrda.
amave WrilSi SeiZleba ganvixiloT yofili sabWoTa kavSiris
politbiuros gadawyvetileba avRaneTis winaaRmdeg e.w. 3SezRuduli
kontigentiT4 saomari moqmedebis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb, romelmac agreTve
sruli kraxi ganicada.
TiTqosda gaugebaria, aseTi maRali inteleqtualebis da
profesionalebisagan Semdgari jgufebi, iReben gadawyvetilebas, romelic
katastrofulia yvela aspeqtiT. swored am da sxva analogiuri faqtebis axsnaa
nacadi jgufuri azris fenomeniT, polarizaciis formebTan erTad.
jgufuri azri, romelic yalibdeba gadawyvetilebis miRebis jgufSi,
zemoT CamoTvlil pirobebSi, CaTvlilia rom warmoadgens azrovnebis reJims,
roca gadawyvetilebis jgufSi, konsensusis Zieba imdenadaa dominirebuli maRali
SeWidulobis jgufisaTvis, rom Cndeba tendencia ukuagdos moqmedebis
alternatiuli saSualebebis realisturi Sefaseba. erTi sityviT jgufi
faqtiurad kargavs kontaqts realobasTan. rac mTavaria, raki Camoyalibdeba
aseTi jgufuri azri, mas tendencia aqvs TviTganmtkicebisa da ganviTarebisaken.
amitom is gaafTrebul winaaRmdegobas uwevs realobas. amaSi mas xels uwyobs
misTvis damaxasiaTebeli tendenciebi, romelic xels uSlis realobasTan saRi
kontaqtis damyarebas. am Tvisebebs Soris gamoyafen Semdegs:
1. ara mowyvladobis iluzia - zedmeti optimizmi, romelic ar aZlevs jgufis
wevrebs SesaZleblobas dainaxon saSiSroeba. TiToeul zemoT CamoTvlil
SemTxvevaSi, prezidentis jgufi iRebda realur informacias, magram arc erTi
maTganisaTvis seriozuli mniSvneloba ar miuciaT.
2. rwmena, rom jgufi mTlianad marTalia.
3. jgufis eTikurobis uryevi rwmena.
4. informaciis, romelic jgufis poziciis sawinaaRmdegoa, diskreditaciis da
..ignorirebis tendencia.
55. jgufuri racionalizacia. aRmoCnda, rom jgufis SexvedrebSi ZiriTadad
mTel .dros TavianTi gadawyvetilebis racionalizacias uTmobdnen.
6. mowinaaRmdegis azri Sexedulebebis stereotipireba. 3isini imdenad boroti
.xalxia, rom ar Rirs maTTan molaparakeba4.
7. jgufSi Zlieri dawola konformulobisaken. rac ar aZlevs individebs Tundac
..SeniSvnis gamoTqmis SesaZleblobas.

yovelive es gansazRvravs ukiduresad cud gadawyvetilebasTan erTad imasac, rom

jgufi gadawyvetilebis Semdeg Tavis Tavs arwmunebs ufro da ufro intensiurad,
rom is sworia.
samwuxarod, jgufuri azri Cans rom ar aris iSviaTi an ara Cveulebrivi
movlena. piriqiT, roca mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebis miRebis jgufi xdeba
maRali SeWidulobis da aRmoCndeba stresul situaciaSi, sadac saWiroa swrafi
gadawyvetilebis miReba da imarTeba Zlieri dinamikuri lideris mier, iqmneba
realuri saSiSroeba mraval konteqstSi. SeiZleba miRebul iqnas gadawyvetileba
romelic katastrofuli iqneba yvela aspeqtSi.

jgufis uunaroba miiRos ara ganawilebuli informacia.

gadawyvetilebis miRebis jgufis erTerT ZiriTad upiratesobad iTvleba is, rom
iZleva jgufis individualuri wevrebis resursebis gaerTianebis SesaZleblobas.
uSveben, rom radgan jgufis TiToeul wevrs SeiZleba hqondes mocemuli amocanis
gadasawyvetad saWiro unikaluri unari an codna, amocanis efeqturad
gadawyvetisaTvis, sasargeblo iqneba am inteleqtualuri resursebis gaerTianeba.
steserma da titusma ikvlies Tu ramdenad aqvs gadawyvetilebis miRebis jgufs
unari, efeqturad gaaerTianos individualuri resursebi (Stasser & Titus,1985)
aRniSnuli mkvlevarebi varaudoben, rom rodesac jgufi ixilavs
problemas da aRwevs gadawyvetas, TviT es gadawyvetilebis jgufSi miRebis
situacia, Seicavs tendencias Seamciros jgufis SesaZlebloba gaaerTianos
individualuri resursebi da amdenad minimumamde daiyvanos is upiratesoba
romelic jgufs gaaCnia am saqmeSi. da amis mizezebs xedaven SemdegSi:
pirveli, gadawyvetilebis miRebis jgufs tendencia aqvs diskusia
gamarTos ufro yvelas mier ganawilebul informaciaze vidre ara
ganawilebulze. e.i. diskusia imarTeba im informaciaze romelsac yvela iziarebs.
da es imitom, rom jgufis diskusiis situaciaSi yvelas mier gaziarebuli
informacia ufro advilad xdeba Semotanili sadiskusiod erTi an ramdenime
wevris mier vidre ara gaziarebuli informacia. arada ufro sasargeblo
iqneboda saerTo azris misaRwevad, swored gansxvavebuli informaciis miReba,
misi Semotana gansaxilvelad.
meore, jgufis diskusias varaudoben, rom tendencia aqvs mxari dauWiros
imas, risadmic jgufis wevrebi Tavidanve amJRavneben upiratesobis miniWebas.
radgan TiToeuli wevri mzadaa warmoadginos informacia romelic mxars uWers
mis Tvalsazriss, es tendencia Sedegad gvaZlevs imas, rom sawyisi upiratesoba
miniWeba ufro Zlierdeba. faqtiurad ar xdeba misi koreqtireba. ara da jgufis
diskusiis azri, misi mniSvneloba swored mosazrebebis da upiratesoba miniWebis
koreqtirebaSia. amitom finaluri gamosavali iqneba ara informaciis ganawileba
jgufis wevrebs Soris, ise rom yvelam miiRos sruli da zusti suraTi
situaciisa vidre hqondaT Tavidan. aramed viRebT sawyisi upiratesoba miniWebebis
an Tvalsazrisebis intensifikacias. steserma da titusma, am debulebebis, rom
jgufis diskusiis situacia Seicavs mTel rig arasasurvel tendenciebs, razec
zemoT gvqrnda saubari, dadastureba miiRes maT mier kargad dagegmili
eqsperimentebidan (Stasser.
eqsperimentulad dadasturda, rom roca individebi monawileoben jgufis
diskusiaSi da ara aqvT erTidaigive informacia, isini amJRavneben yuradRebis
koncentracias imaze, rac aqvT saerTo da mcire yuradRebas uTmoben sxva
informacias, romelic mniSvnelovani SeiZleba iyos, magram gansxvavebulia im
informaciisagan rac saerToa. jgufis diskusiam SeiZleba ver SeZlos Seavsos
individis mier mTeli situaciis gaazrebis xarvezebi. e.i. jgufis diskusiis
situaciebi, roca xdeba gadawyvetilebebis miReba arsebobs aseTi Secdomebis
daSvebis tendencia. polarizaciisa da jgufuri azris tendenciasTan erTad,
gadawyvetilebis miRebis jgufisaTvis mniSvnelovani amocanaa daicvas Tavi aseTi
Secdomisagan.