10

Statically Indeterminate Beams

Differential Equations of the Deflection Curve

The problems for Section 10.3 are to be solved by integrating the differential equations of the deflection curve. All beams have constant flexural rigidity EI. When drawing shear-force and bending-moment diagrams, be sure to label all critical ordinates, including maximum and minimum values. Problem 10.3-1 A propped cantilever beam AB of length L is loaded by a counterclockwise moment M0 acting at support B (see figure). Beginning with the second-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the bending-moment equation), obtain the reactions, shear forces, bending moments, slopes, and deflections of the beam. Construct the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams, labeling all critical ordinates. Solution 10.3-1 Propped cantilever beam
B.C.

y A MA RA L B

M0 x

RB

M0 applied load Select MA as the redundant reaction. REACTIONS (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) RA MA M0 L L (1) RB RA (2)

v (0) 0 MA x Lx L 6 2 v(0) 0 v(L) 0

3 2

C1 0

EIv
B.C. B.C.

M0 x3 C2 6L M0 2

(5)

2 3

C2 0 MA

REACTIONS (SEE EQS. 1 AND 2) BENDING MOMENT (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) M0 x MA M RAx MA (x L) L L DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS EIv M M0 x MA (x L) L L (4) MA (3) M0 2 RA 3M0 2L RB 3M0 2L

SHEAR FORCE (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) V RA 3 M0 2L

BENDING MOMENT (FROM EQ. 3) M M0 (3x L ) 2L

M0 x2 MA x2 L x C1 EIv L 2 2L

(Continued)

633

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CHAPTER 10

Statically Indeterminate Beams

SLOPE (FROM EQ. 4) M0 x v (2L 3x ) 4 LEI DEFLECTION (FROM EQ. 5) M0 x2 v (L x) 4 LEI

SHEAR-FORCE AND BENDING-MOMENT DIAGRAMS

3M0 2L V O Mo

L 3 Mo 2 y q x MB RA L RB

Problem 10.3-2 A fixed-end beam AB of length L supports a uniform load of intensity q (see figure). Beginning with the second-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the bending-moment equation), obtain the reactions, shear forces, bending moments, slopes, and deflections of the beam. Construct the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams, labeling all critical ordinates. Solution 10.3-2 Fixed-end beam (uniform load) REACTIONS RA RB qL 2

MA

Select MA as the redundant reaction. REACTIONS (FROM SYMMETRY AND EQUILIBRIUM) RA RB qL 2 MB MA

MA MB

qL2 12

SHEAR FORCE (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) q V RA qx ( L 2x ) 2 (1) BENDING MOMENT (FROM EQ. 1) M q 2 ( L 6 Lx 6x2 ) 12

BENDING MOMENT (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) M RAx MA qx2 q MA ( L x x2 ) 2 2

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS q EIv M MA ( L x x2 ) 2 q L x2 x3 EIv MAx C1 2 2 3

B.C.

SLOPE (FROM EQ. 2) (2) v qx ( L2 3 L x 2x2 ) 12 EI

1 v (0) 0 C1 0 MAx2 q L x3 x4 C2 2 2 6 12 (3)

EIv
B.C.

DEFLECTION (FROM EQ. 3) v qx2 (L x)2 24 EI qL4 L 2 384 EI

C2 0 qL2 B.C. 3 v(L) 0 MA 12

2 v(0) 0

max v

SECTION 10.3

Differential Equations of the Deflection Curve

635

SHEAR-FORCE AND BENDING-MOMENT DIAGRAMS

qL2 24 qL 2 V O qL 2 qL2 12 x0 M O x0 = 3 3 L 6 = 0.2113L qL2 12

Problem 10.3-3 A cantilever beam AB of length L has a fixed support at A and a roller support at B (see figure). The support at B is moved downward through a distance B. Using the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation), determine the reactions of the beam and the equation of the deflection curve. (Note: Express all results in terms of the imposed displacement B.)

y x A MA RA L B RB B

Solution 10.3-3

Cantilever beam with imposed displacement B SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 4) (2) V 3 EIB L3 RA V (0) 3 EIB L3

REACTIONS (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) RA RB (1) MA RB L

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS EIv EIv EIv EIv EIv

B.C.

q 0 V C1 M C1x C2 C1x2 2 C2x C3 C1x 36 C2x 22 C3x + C4

(3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

REACTIONS (EQS. 1 AND 2) RA RB 3 EIB L3 MA RBL 3 EIB L2

v(0) 0 C4 0 B.C. 2 v (0) 0 C3 0 B.C. 3 v ( L ) 0 C1L C2 0 (8) 2 B.C. 4 v(L) B C1L 3C2 6 EIB L (9) 1 SOLVE EQUATIONS (8) AND (9): C1 3 EIB L3 C2 3 EIB L2

DEFLECTION (FROM EQ. 7): v B x2 (3L x ) 2L3

SLOPE (FROM EQ. 6): v 3 B x (2L x ) 2 L3

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CHAPTER 10

Statically Indeterminate Beams

Problem 10.3-4 A cantilever beam AB of length L has a fixed support at A and a spring support at B (see figure). The spring behaves in a linearly elastic manner with stiffness k. If a uniform load of intensity q acts on the beam, what is the downward displacement B of end B of the beam? (Use the second-order differential equation of the deflection curve, that is, the bending-moment equation.)

y q x

MA RA

A k

RB L

Solution 10.3-4

Beam with spring support EIv RA (1) (2) (3) EIv RA qx3 x2 MAx C1 2 6

q intensity of uniform load EQUILIBRIUM RA qL RB MA SPRING RB k B B downward displacement of point B. BENDING MOMENT (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) qx2 M RAx MA 2 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS EIv M RAx MA qx 2
2

qL2 RB L 2

x3 x2 qx4 MA C1x C2 6 2 24 B.C. 1 v (0) 0 C1 0 B.C. 2 v(0) 0 C2 0 B.C. 3 v(L) B EI B RA L3 MAL2 qL4 6 2 24

Substitute RA and MA from Eqs. (1) and (2): EI B RB L3 q L4 3 8

Substitute for RB from Eq. (3) and solve: B 3 qL4 24 EI 8 kL3

y q0

Problem 10.3-5 A propped cantilever beam AB of length L supports a triangularly distributed load of maximum intensity q0 (see figure). Beginning with the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation), obtain the reactions of the beam and the equation of the deflection curve.
MA

A RA L

x B

RB

Solution 10.3-5

Propped cantilever beam EIv M EIv (1) (2) EIv q0 x2 q0 x3 C1x C2 2 6L (3) (4)

Triangular load q q0(L x)L DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS q0 EIv q ( L x ) L EIv V q0 x q0 x2 C1 2L

q0 x3 q0 x4 x2 C1 C2 x C3 6 24 L 2

q0 x4 q0 x5 x3 x2 C1 C2 C3 x C4 (5) 24 120 L 6 2

SECTION 10.3

Differential Equations of the Deflection Curve

637

B.C. B.C.

1 v (L) 0

C1L C2 C3 0 C4 0

q0 L2 3

(6)

REACTIONS

2 v (0) 0 B.C. 3 v(0) 0

B.C.

2 q0 L 5 q0 L RB V ( L ) 10 RA V (0)

v(L) 0

C1L 3C2

q0 L2 5

(7)

From equilibrium: MA q0 L2 q0 L2 RB L 6 15

Solve Eqs. (6) and (7): C1 2q0 L 5 C2 q0 L2 15

DEFLECTION CURVE (FROM EQ. 5) EIv or v q0 x2 (4L3 8 L2x 5 L x2 x3 ) 120 LEI

y q0 x2 q = q0 1 L2

SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 2) q0 V (4L2 10 Lx 5x2 ) 10 L

q0 x4 q0 x5 2 q0 L x3 q0 L2 x2 24 120 L 5 6 15 2

Problem 10.3-6 The load on a propped cantilever beam AB of length L is parabolically distributed according to the equation q q0(1 x2/L2), as shown in the figure. Beginning with the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation), obtain the reactions of the beam and the equation of the deflection curve.

)
x

MA

A RA L

RB

Solution 10.3-6

Propped cantilever beam Solve Eqs. (6) and (7): C1 61q0L120 C2 11q0 L2120

Parabolic load q q0(1 x2L2) DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS EIv q q0 (1 x2 L2 ) EIv V q0 ( x x3 3L2 ) C1 EIv M q0
3 2 4

(1) (2) (3) (4)

SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 2) V q0 (61L3 120 L2x 40x3 ) 120 L2

x x C1x C2 2 12 L2
5 2

EIv q0

x x x C1 C2 x C3 6 60 L2 2

REACTIONS RA V(0) 61q0 L 120 RB V(L) 19 q0 L 120 From equilibrium: 11 q0 L2 2 3L MA ( q0 )( L ) RB L 3 8 120 DEFLECTION CURVE (FROM EQ. 5)

x4 x6 x3 x2 C C C3 x C4 (5) EIv q0 1 2 24 360 L2 6 2 1 v (L) 0 B.C. 2 v (0) 0 B.C. 3 v(0) 0 B.C. 4 v(L) 0
B.C.

C1L C2 5 q0 L212 C3 0 C4 0 C1L 3C2 7 q0 L230

(6)

(7)

q0 x2 (33 L4 61L3x 30 L2x2 2x4 ) 720 L2EI

q0 x2 ( L x ) (33 L3 28 L2x 2 Lx2 2x3 ) 720 L2EI

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CHAPTER 10

Statically Indeterminate Beams

Problem 10.3-7 The load on a fixed-end beam AB of length L is distributed in the form of a sine curve (see figure). The intensity of the distributed load is given by the equation q q0 sin x/L. Beginning with the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation), obtain the reactions of the beam and the equation of the deflection curve.

x q = q0 sin L x MB RB

MA RA

A L

Solution 10.3-7 q q0 sin xL

Fixed-end beam (sine load) SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 2) MA MB V q0 L x cos L q0 L q0 L RB RA RA V (0)

FROM SYMMETRY: RA RB DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS EIv q q0 sin x L q0 L x EIv V cos C1 L

(1) (2) (3) (4)

BENDING MOMENT (EQ. 3) M q0 L2 x 2 3 sin L 2 q0 L2 3 MB MA 2 q0 L2 3

q0 L2 x C1x C2 2 sin L 3 q0 L x x2 EIv 3 cos C1 C2x C3 L 2 EIv M EIv

B.C. B.C.

MA M (0)

2 B.C. 3 B.C. 4

q0 L4 x x3 x2 sin C C C3 x C4 (5) 1 2 L 6 2 4 L From symmetry, V 0 C1 0 2 v (0) 0 C3 q0 L33 v (L) 0 C2 2 q0 L23 C4 0 v (0) 0

DEFLECTION CURVE (FROM EQ. 5) EIv or v q0 L2 2 x L sin x2 Lx 4 L EI q0 L4 x q0 L2x2 q0 L3x sin L 4 3 3

Problem 10.3-8 A fixed-end beam AB of length L supports a triangularly distributed load of maximum intensity q0 (see figure). Beginning with the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation), obtain the reactions of the beam and the equation of the deflection curve.
MA

y q0

A L

x B RB MB

RA

Solution 10.3-8 q q0(1 x L)

Fixed-end beam (triangular load) EIv M q0 EIv q0 (1) (2) EIv q0 x2 x3 C1x C2 2 6L (3) (4)

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS x EIv q q0 1 L EIv V q0 x x2 C1 2L

x3 x2 x4 C1 C2 x C3 6 24 L 2

x4 x3 x2 x5 C1 C2 C3 x C4 (5) 24 120 L 6 2

SECTION 10.3

Differential Equations of the Deflection Curve

639

B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C.

1 2 3 4

v (0) 0 v (L) 0 v(0) 0 v(L) 0

q0 L2 C1L 2C2 4 C4 0 q0 L2 C1L 3C2 5 q0 L2 20

C3 0

BENDING MOMENT (EQ. 3) (6) M q0 (3L3 21 L2x 30 Lx2 10x3 ) 60 L MA M (0) MB M ( L ) q0 L2 20 q0 L2 30

(7)

REACTIONS

Solve eqs. (6) and (7): C1 7q0 L 20 C2

DEFLECTION CURVE (EQ. 5) v or v q0 x2 ( L x ) 2 (3L x ) 120 LEI q0 x2 (3L3 7L2x 5 Lx2 x3 ) 120 LEI

SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 2) V q0 (7L2 20 Lx 10x2 ) 20 L 7q0 L REACTIONS RA V (0) 20 3q0 L RB V ( L ) 20

Problem 10.3-9 A counterclockwise moment M0 acts at the midpoint of a fixed-end beam ACB of length L (see figure). Beginning with the second-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the bending-moment equation), determine all reactions of the beam and obtain the equation of the deflection curve for the left-hand half of the beam. Then construct the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams for the entire beam, labeling all critical ordinates. Also, draw the deflection curve for the entire beam. Solution 10.3-9 Fixed-end beam (M0 = applied load)

y M0 MA RA A L 2 C L 2 B RB x MB

Beam is symmetric; load is antisymmetric. Therefore, RA RB MA MB C 0 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (0 x L 2) EIv M RAx MA x MAx C1 2 x3 x2 EIv RA MA C1x C2 6 2 EIv RA 1 v (0) 0 2 v(0) 0 L B.C. 3 v 0 2
B.C. B.C.
2

EQUILIBRIUM (OF ENTIRE BEAM) MA M0 MB RAL 0 a MB 0 RAL RAL or, M0 RAL 0 6 6 3M0 RA RB 2L M0 RAL MA MA MB 6 4 DEFLECTION CURVE (EQ. 3) v M0 x2 ( L 2x ) 8 LEI
0

(1) (2) (3)

C1 0 C2 0 RAL RA L MA Also, MB 6 6

L 2

(Continued)

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CHAPTER 10

Statically Indeterminate Beams

DIAGRAMS
3M0 2L O L 6 L 3 M0 2 L 6 M0 4 max

L 6

M0 4

M0 L2 216 EI At point of inflection: max2 max

M0 2 y P A RA L 2 L 2 C B x

Problem 10.3-10 A propped cantilever beam AB supports a concentrated load P acting at the midpoint C (see figure). Beginning with the second-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the bending-moment equation), determine all reactions of the beam and draw the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams for the entire beam. Also, obtain the equations of the deflection curves for both halves of the beam, and draw the deflection curve for the entire beam.

MA

RB

Solution 10.3-10

Propped cantilever beam DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (0 x L2) EIv M ( P RB ) x EIv ( P RB ) PL RB L 2 (3)

P applied load at x L2 Select RB as redundant reaction. REACTIONS (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) RA P RB (1) MA PL RB L 2 (2)

BENDING MOMENTS (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) M RAx MA ( P RB ) x PL RB L 2 L 0 x 2

x2 PL RB L x C1 (4) 2 2 x3 PL x2 EIv ( P RB ) RB L C1x C2 (5) 6 2 2 v (0) 0 B.C. 1 C1 0 B.C. 2 v(0) 0 C2 0 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (L2 x L) EIv M RB ( L x ) EIv RBLx RB x C3 2 x2 x3 EIv RB L RB C3x C4 2 6
2

(6) (7) (8)

M RB (L x)

L x L 2

SECTION 10.3

Differential Equations of the Deflection Curve

641

B.C. B.C.

3 4

v(L) 0

C3 L C4

RB L3 3

(9)

DEFLECTION CURVE FOR 0 x L/2 (FROM EQ. 5) v Px2 (9L 11x ) 96EI (0 x L/2)

Continuity condition at point C ( v ) Left ( v ) Right

L At x : 2

L2 PL L ( P RB ) RB L 8 2 2 RB L or C3 L L2 RB C3 2 8 (10) RB L3 PL3 3 8 (11)

DEFLECTION CURVE FOR L/2 x L (FROM EQ. 8) v P ( 2L3 12L2x 15Lx2 5x3 ) 96EI P ( L x )( 2L2 10Lx 5x2 ) 96EI (L/2 x L)

PL2 8

From Eq. (9): C4

B.C.

SLOPE IN RIGHT-HAND PART OF THE BEAM From eq. (7): v Point of zero slope:
2 5x2 1 10Lx1 4L 0

Continuity condition at point C.

P (4L2 10Lx 5x2 ) 32EI x1 L 5 5 5 0.5528L

L At x : ( v ) Left ( v ) Right 2 L3 PL L2 ( P RB ) RB L 48 2 8 RB L RB L3 PL3 L2 L3 PL2 L RB 8 48 8 2 3 8

MAXIMUM DEFLECTION max ( v ) x x1 0.009317 PL3 EI

5P or RB 16 From eq. (1): From eq. (2): RA P RB MA 11P 16

DEFLECTION CURVE
A 3L 11 x1 C B

PL 3PL RBL 2 16

SHEAR-FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAMS

11P 16

max

O 5PL 32 M O 3L 11

5P 16

3PL 16

642

CHAPTER 10

Statically Indeterminate Beams

Method of Superposition
The problems for Section 10.4 are to be solved by the method of superposition. All beams have constant flexural rigidity EI unless otherwise stated. When drawing shear-force and bending-moment diagrams, be sure to label all critical ordinates, including maximum and minimum values. Problem 10.4-1 A propped cantilever beam AB of length L carries a concentrated load P acting at the position shown in the figure. Determine the reactions RA, RB, and MA for this beam. Also, draw the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams, labeling all critical ordinates.
P A RA B

MA

a L

RB

Solution 10.4-1

Propped cantilever beam COMPATIBILITY B (B)1 (B)2 0 RBL3 Pa2 0 (3L a ) 6EI 3EI Pa2 RB 3 (3L a ) 2L

Select RB as redundant. EQUILIBRIUM RA P RB MA Pa RB L

RELEASED STRUCTURE AND FORCE-DISPLACEMENT

RELATIONS

P A a b B Pa2 (B)1 6EI (3L a)

OTHER REACTIONS (FROM EQUILIBRIUM) RA Pb (3L2 b2 ) 2L3 MA Pab (L b) 2L2

SHEAR-FORCE AND BENDING-MOMENT DIAGRAMS

A L B RB O RB (B)2 RB 3EI L3 RA V

M1 M O MA M1 RBb