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. 28 . 55 . 1-200 , 2010



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5, . 455
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e-mail: spektar@iml.ukim.edu.mk
. / (02) 3220-309

http://www.iml.ukim.edu.mk/spektar/index.php/spkt





, 2010
2
"SPEKTAR" INTERNATIONAL LITERARY SCIENCE JOURNAL
Institute of Macedonian Literature Skopje





SPEKTAR vol. 28 no. 55 pp. 1-200 Skopje, 2010



Editorial board:
Mishel Pavlovski (Macedonia, Editor in Chief), Namita Subioto (Slovenia); Borislav
Pavlovski (Croatia); Mariya Proskurnina (Russia); Lech Miodyski (Poland); Biljana
Sikimi (Serbia)

Reviewed by:
Ermisl Lafazanovski

Macedonian Language Editors:
Ruza Pejovic
Rozita Zakeva


Published twice a year


Address:
Institute for Macedonian literature
(for Spektar)
Grigor Prlichev 5, POB 455
1000 Skopje
Republic of Macedonia
e-mail: spektar@iml.ukim.edu.mk
phone/fax ++389 2 3220-309
e-version of journal at:
http://www.iml.ukim.edu.mk/spektar/index.php/spkt





Skopje, 2010
3

/ CONTENT



IN MEMORIAM FAHE TOOPOBCKH (1929-2010) ............................................................ 7

MAKEOHCKATA HAYKA 3A KHHXEBHOCT RPE CORCTBEHHTE HPEMH .......... 10




LITERARY HISTORY

EPETH-KHTE BHXEhA HA TPAHC4EP3APATA HCTOK-3ARA ............................. 17
p-p Maja Jakuroecka-Touuk
HERETICS MOVEMENTS OVER TRANSVERSAL EAST-WEST
Maja Jakimovska - Tosic


RPEPOEEHHKOT HMHTPHJA MHPAHHOB ............................................................ 27
p-p Baneufuua Mupoucka-Xpucfoecka
REVIVAL DIMITRIJA MILADINOV
Valentina Mironska - Hristovska


BECEPH CTPAHHUH 3A MAPBAUHTE: CTOJAH EOXOB ............................................ 37
p-p Bacun Touuuoecku
JOYOUS PAGES ABOUT THE MARVARIANS: STOJAN BOZOV
Vasil Tocinovski



CONTEMPORARY MACEDONIAN LITERATURE

PAMCKHOT HRTHX HA FEOPFH CTAPEB ................................................................. 57
p-p Hafaua Aeparoecka
THE DRAMATIC DIPTYCH BY GEORGI STALEV
Nataa Avramovska

ROPHTH-KOTO BO POMAHOT FPA, FOHHH, PYFE O JOBAH RABPOBCKH ....... 65
p-p Popefa Feoprueecka - Jakoeneea
THE POLITICAL ASPECTS OF THE NOVEL CITY, YEARS, PEOPLE
FROM JOVAN PAVLOVSKI
Loreta Georgievska - Jakovleva

MEFY EOHTE H 3BYKOT RPH HHTEPRPETAUHJATA HA RECHHTE
H
O FAHE TOOPOBCKH .................................................................................................. 75
r-p Mapuua auunoecka
BETWEEN COLOR AND SOUND
Marina Danilovska


4
-
LITERARY CONNECTIONS

MEMOPHJA. HCTOPHJA. TPAYMA ................................................................................. 91
p-p 3nafko Kparapuk
MEMORY-HISTORY-TRAUMA
Zlatko Kramaric

KOBEPTHPAH ROTEF .................................................................................................... 110
p-p Becua Mojcoea--enuueecka
A COVERT MOVE
Vesna Mojsova Cepievska

PEUERUHJATA HA HBOHA, KHEFHhA EYPFYHCKA O BHTOP FOMEPOBH-
BO MAKEOHHJA ........................................................................................................... 117
p-p Muuen Raenoecku
GOMBOROVICH IN MACEDONIA
Mishel Pavlovski

4EMHHHCTH-KHOT HCKYPC .................................................................................... 125
p-p Aqpur Peenu
THE DISCOURSE OF FEMINISM
Afrim Redxepi


-
THEORY - POETICS

TPAHC4HFYPATHBHO RATYBAhE (RATYBAhETO H FPOEHLTATA) .................... 135
Hnuja Rpokonuee
TRANSFIGURATIVE TRAVELLING - ON THE TRAVELLING AND THE CEMETERIES
Ilija Prokopiev

EBPORCKA KHHXEBHOCT HPH KHHXEBHOCTHTE HA EBPORA ........................... 144
p-p Cona Cfojreucka-Ensecep
EUROPEAN LITERATURE OR LITERATURES OF EUROPE
Sonja Stojmenska-Elzeser


/
MYTH / FOLKLORE

PHKOT HA MAPKO KPAPE BO MAKEOHCKATA HAPOHA ROE3HJA ..................... 153
p-p Mapko Kufeecku
THE IMAGE OF KING MARKO IN THE MACEDONIAN FOLK POETRY
Marko Kitevski

4OPKPOPOT KAKO KYPTYPHO HACPECTBO ........................................................... 158
p-p Hnuja Benee
THE FOLKLORE AS CULTURAL HERITAGE
Ilija Velev

5
BAMRHPHTE H HHBHHTE META4OPH BO EAPKAHCKHTE RPOCTOPH ................. 162
p-p Jacruua Mojcueea-Fyueea
VAMPIRISM AND ITS METAPHORES IN THE BALKAN AREAS
Jasmina Mojsieva-Guseva

CBAEEHHTE OEH-AH BO CEPO BEB-AHH CTPYLKH PHMKOP ...................... 172
Kafepuua Rackanu
WEDDING TRADITIONS IN THE VILLAGE VEVCHANI STRUSHKI DRIMKOL
Katerina Paskali


- - - REVIEWS

DA SEIN / EHTPORHJA HA RHCMOTO ...................................................................... 187
Aqpur Peenu

O CBOETO KOH HMEH3HHTE HA TYFOTO ............................................................ 189
Bacun Touuuoecku

XPBATCKH RPHPO3H 3A MAKEOHCKATA PHTEPATYPHA HCTOPHJA ................. 191
Cnaeo Koeunocku

BPEEH HAY-HO-HCTPAXYBA-KH PE3YPTAT ......................................................... 194
Bacun Touuuoecku

BEK HA HEROBTOPPHBOTO MAKEOHCTBYBAhE ................................................. 197
Bacun Touuuoecku
6
7






IN MEMORIAM
(1929-2010)


929 Topopoecku, F
Coonufeuue


Fopuuaea ce paspenuere co yufe epua kynfua nuuocf eo rakepouckafa
kynfypa. Fo ucnpafuere po ueroeuof eeeu por akaperukof Faue Topopoecku.
Hauuof Faue Topopoecku.
3a nuuocfa u penofo ua appof ua rakepouckafa coepereua nufepa-
fypa roe pa ce sopyea op ruory acnekfu. Bo oeaa npunuka jac u cakana pa
ce npucefar ua oua ufo eo roreufoe ru e uajeneafnueo. -ecfa Hucfufyfof sa
rakepoucka nufepafypa pa ja nporoeupa nocnepuafa kuura ua akaperuk Faue
Topopoecku ry npunapua no ena ua uejsuuuof aefop. Fecf koj roeo-
pu peka foj eue fpajuo epsau sa oeaa uucfufyuuja. Rpep c, safoa ufo akape-
ruk Topopoecku akfueuo yecfeyeaue eo usrpapafa ua kouuenfof u peanusa-
uujafa ua upejafa pa ce qoprupa uayua uucfufyuuja uja ocuoeua pejuocf ke
upe ucfpayeanefo ua rakepouckafa nufepafypa eo cufe qasu ua uejsuuuof
paseoj, kako u uejsuuufe epcku co ppyrufe nufepafypu. Kouuenf koj u peuec, pe-
ucu no 30 ropuuu. no uusa onufecfeeuu nporeuu u nporeuu eo uayuafa na-
papurra, ue e usreuef u opnuuo qyukuuouupa. 3a panekoceuocfa ua eusuu-
fe ua akaperuk Faue Topopoecku roeopu yufe epeu qakf: foj e npeuof rnaeeu u
oproeopeu ypepuuk ua cnucauuefo , epuucfeeuofo kornnefuo noc-
eefeuo ua nufepafypuafa uayka eo PM, cnucauue koe usneryea op neaf ouonky
epere konky ufo u nocfou Hucfufyfof u foa ouaka kako ufo ro kouuunupaa
ueroeufe ocuoeau, npep c ueroeuof npe rnaeeu u oproeopeu ypepuuk, aka-
peruk Topopoecku. Muc e uuu peka es sanoufe ua akaperuk Topopoecku,
Hucfufyfof sa rakepoucka nufepafypa, ouakoe kakoe ufo e peuec, ue ke roe-
ue pa nocfou. Toj eue u pakoeopufen ua Oppeneuuefo sa rakepoucka kuu-
eeuocf eo 19 eek u neu ua pepakuujafa sa uspaofka ua Hcfopujafa ua rake-
pouckafa kuueeuocf. Rop ueroeo reufopcfeo ce opasyeaa u ce cfekuaa co
uayuu seana r-p Joppau Rneeueu u p-p Baneufuua Mupoucka - Xpucfoecka.
Cufe saepuo - qakfu kou roeopaf peka u Hucfufyfof sa rakepoucka nufepafypa
fpajuo e epsau sa ueroeofo ure.
a ce roeopu sa penofo ua akaperuk Faue Topopoecku, a pa ce sanoue
co ueroeuof uayeu enor eo Hucfufyfof sa rakepoucka nufepafypa npu uenafa
ueroea akfueuocf ua pasnuuu nonuna, roeu e uecoopeefuo. Ho, kora sopy-
eafe sa pejuocfa ua oeekof koj cee cu cfpacuo ce enou eo pokayeanefo ua
upeufufefof ua rakepouckafa uauuja, eo uaykafa, eo noesujafa, sa oeekof koj
8
IN MEMORIAM
co epofcku sauec npucfanyeaue ko ce eo ueofof, koj uukorau u uukape ue ru
ufepeue yecfeafa, ue roefe pa upefe ojekfueuu. H ue cakafe. He cakafe
pa npaeufe xuepapxucku nopenu u pa knacuquuupafe. Epuocfaeuo cakafe pa
ry ja eosepafufe nyoefa, soufo suaefe peka faka uajyaeo ke ce oproeopufe
ua ueroeafa cunua euepruja.
A konkaea eue faa roe pa ce uacefu ako yufe epuau pa ro kaere
oua ufo, curypua cyr, uayuafa u nouupoka jaeuocf popo ro suae: Faue Topo-
poecku eue noef, npeeepyea, uayuuk, nufepafypeu kpufuap, eceucf, nynu-
uucf, ucfpayea ua qonknopuafa fpapuuuja, feafponor, ocuoeononouuk u
ypepuuk ua cnucauuja, yuueepsufefcku npoqecop u akaperuk.
Aefop ua cfuxosupkufe: , , ,
, , ,
, , , , , ,
( ), , , .
Aefop e ua fpuecefuua kpufuko-eceucfuku u uayuu pena: -
, , ,
, , , ,
, , ,
, , 19 ,
u ufu. Op noceeu uufepec e u epuuujafa op
nocnepuuee ropuuu , , ,
u op ueoparua ojaeeuafa . Faue Topopoecku e
cocfaeyea u koaefop ua uekonky aufonoruu. Op ueoparua u ua Rauoparafa
ua rakepouckafa noesuja eo 19 eek" co nopuacnoe .
Bo 2007 ropuua op neaf usnese usopof op ueroeofo feopeufeo eo
pecef fora .
Rpenean uap cfo kuuru op pycku, aurnucku, yrapcku, anaucku, reprau-
cku, cpncku, cnoeaku ufu.
Heroeafa noesuja e ojaeeua ua cufe nosuaajuu jasuuu eo ceefof.
oufuuk e ua roner poj porauuu u cfpaucku uarpapu u npusuauuja.
Oua ufo ocoeuo fpea pa ce uarnacu e qakfof peka eo ueroeuof
uayuo-ucfpayeaku uufepec npurapuo recfo, nokpaj coepereuuuufe op 20 u
21 eek, uraaf eferenyeaufe ua rakepouckafa npepopa. 3afoa nokpaj
Xapanarnue Roneuakoeuk, Faue Topopoecku ro npefcfaeyea kareu ferenuukof
ua rakepouckafa nufepafypua ucfopuja, nopeuuuk ua uayuafa rucna sa 19
eek. Op ueroeuof noxop uus rakepouckufe nperpeuna op 19 eek useupaaf
uusa uruna kou pane cepuoseu enor sa rakepouckafa kynfypua fpapuuuja kako
auaun Mockononeuof, Uuuof, Rpnuee, Xuusuqoe, Munapuuoeuu, Kufauee,
Laxoe, Cnpocfpauoe, Fonorauoe, Beseukoe, Fynanee ufu). 3a ruoryruua op
uue ocfaeun kuuru u cfypuu eo kou ue ro cornepan caro uueuofo peno fyky u
eoonufo, onufecfeeuo nonufukafa cocfoja eo Makepouuja.
Rpu foa Topopoecku ru npoyyeaue u penafa ua cfpauckufe uayuuuu
kou ja pokayeane u pauene noceuocfa ua rakepouckuof jasuk u uapop.
Boepuo foj paeaue uacoku u ynafcfea ua rnapufe ucfpayeau u koneru sa
ueofkpueuufe u noranky nosuafu uruna op rakepouckafa kuueeua ucfopuja
kou fpea pa ce ucfpayea, yufe kou c pena fpea pa ce npoyaf, ufo e oua
ufo ocfauano safpynauo eo apxueufe, a op koe fpea pa ce uspuue
ucfopuckuof npae u cefo foa co uen pa ce carosanosuaere pa ce
caronoufyeare.
9
IN MEMORIAM
Offyka, cnopep reue, uajponecuofo eo nuuocfa ua akaperuk Faue To-
popoecku eue fokry faa noprofeeuocf pa ro cnopenu u npeuece suaenefo, pa
ynafu u pa ofkpue, pa uacou, a co foa pa npeuece pen op ceojafa eenuuua u
ua ppyrufe.

Heka nouea eo rup u ueka ry e eeua cnaea!


- -

Ckonje
10


821.163.3.09










3a pasnuka op ocfauafufe uauuouanuu uayuu pucuunnuuu, uaykafa sa
kuueeuocf unu nufepafyposuancfeo (kako ufo kaj uac u fpeano pa ce euka)
nosuaea, ako ue uajuusok cfeneu ua paseoj forau cekako uajuepaseueu. Kora
Hucfufyfof sa rakepoucku jasuk u Hucfufyfof sa uauuouanua ucfopuja, npep
uekonky ropuuu, ru openeyeaa ceoufe 30-ropuuuuuu, opuocuo 25-ropuuuuuu,
eo uauafa jaeuocf cparenueo ce nojaeu eecfa peka npu 4unonoukuof
qakynfef eo Ckonje e ocuoeaua paofuafa epuuuua -
. Ouue ufo ry kyryeaa ue ce ocrenuja pa ro kpcfaf co urefo:
Hucfufyf sa rakepoucka nufepafypa! Toa eue yufe epua jaeua conka, koja
npefnocfaeaue uoeo opnarane ua upejafa. Cenak, noepu pasyrof u
uuuuujafopufe eneroa eo ueuseuuof ucfopucku kornporuc, cnoyeajku ce co
ueyfpanuuof uasue.
Taka, eeke pee unu pee u kycyp ropuuu u uue Makepouuufe urare ceoj
Hucfufyf sa nufepafypa, uucfufyuuja ufo fpea pa ja oprauusupa, cfurynupa u
ocrucnyea nufepafypuafa uayka kaj uac. Ja urare ycfauoeafa ue ocuoeane
ue co ropuuu, fyky co peueuuu eue opnarauo. Hrare nerufureu npocfop sa
packpunyeane ua uayuu aruuuu, npocfop sa popeyeane ua sanouafu upeu,
npocfop sa uapononuyeane ua oua ufo uaykafa sa jasukof, ucfopuorpaqujafa u
qonknopucfukafa eeke op nooparua ro sanouane kako ocuoeuu uauuouanuu
pucuunnuuu.
Pufepafyposuancfeofo rnaeuo ersucfupa uus ceou fpu noppucuunnuuu:
nufepafypuafa feopuja, nufepafypuafa ucfopuja u nufepafypuafa kpufuka.
Cfafycof ua cufe oeue fpu rpauku ua uaykafa sa nufepafypa ue e ua saeupuo
uueo. Ronoafa ua oeue uayuu noppaja, kaj uac pepoeuo ocfauyea fera sa
koja ranky ce sopyea. Bepojafuo sa foa ura u onpaepauu npuuuu: popeka eo
fekof ua nopaneuofo u nonuckofo ruuafo rakepouckafa nufepafypa
ersucfupa unu eerefupa uus uekonky uajcfaupappuu ceou popoeu u eupoeu
(noesuja, npenee, ppara, packas, reroapcka nposa), pepoeuo ofcycfeyeaaf
npunosu op onacfufe ua nufepafyposuancfeofo. Toa e ener ua uepaseueua
nufepafypa. Pufepafypuo-kpufukafa rucna cekorau ce nojaeyea eo ycnoeu ua
nooraf u nopaseueu nufepafypeu ueof. Makepouckuof npurep ue npaeu
uukakoe ucknyok. Meryfoa, sacfojof ua oeue onacfu fokry eo nepuopof ua pe-
rynapuuof fek ua uauafa nufepafypa npefcfaeyea uepoyruua, ureuo sacfojof
no ocnoopyeanefo ua Makepouuja, kora feopekufe nofeuuujanu u eo
11

cnoruafuee pucuunnuuu ce pasrpuaa u poekaa uupok npocfop sa ceoja
peanusauuja. Oproeopof sa eakeafa cocfoja, esppyro fpea pa ce noapa eo
cfafycof ua kuueeuafa kpufuka kaj uac, f.e. eo parkufe ua ouaa
rerypucuunnuua ufo ce konea nocfojauo norery uaykafa u yrefuocfa. Hreuo
nufepafypuafa kpufuka, sa an, ue ycnea pa ce usopu uufy eo cqepufe ua
uaykafa, uufy eo cqepufe ua yrefuocfa po noeucok cfeneu ua jaeeu aefopufef.
Rpecypua ynora eo oeaa cocfoja esppyro opurpyea f.u. ojekfueeu qakfop -
sapouuefuof paseoj ua rakepouckafa nufepafypa, puckoufuuyufefof, ckypuocfa
ua aupoecku penepfoap. Meryfoa, ue cree pa ce ucnyufu op npepeup uu oua
ufo u pouno kako cyjekfueeu qakfop: uepocfurof ua npoqunu ua kpufuapu,
uu feopeku qoprafu u ru uapruuyeane fecuufe parku ua roreufuofo
nourane ua pucuunnuuafa. Co ranu ucknyouu, rakepouckafa kpufuka rucna
c yufe ce peuu ua penauujafa ua uajynpocfeuu ueru ua enereufapuofo
nourane ua nufepafypuafa yrefuocf, npu ufo ranky ce eopu crefka sa
epeuufe pocfpenu ua uaykafa sa kuueeuocf peuec eo ceefof, f.e. ue ce
kopecnoupupa co pesynfafufe ua oea none kaj nopaseueuufe nufepafypu. Taka,
ce cnyyea foj fparueu pacekop norery kuueeuafa uayka u kuueeuafa
kpufuka pa ce jaeu kako npeka u peuecka, fokry eo nepuopof kora uupyr
Jyrocnaeuja rnacuo u cfpacuo ce puckyfupa sa fakauapeeuufe saepuuku
nporparcku jappa no rajuu jasuk u kuueeuocf, kou ce unycfpauuja ua foa:
kako u konky roe pa safau rexauusrof ua uayuafa refoponoruja eo
kuueeuafa rucna, po koja repa roe kanpuuof ua anpuopucfufe pa ru
sararnu nourufe u cyufuuufe ua nufepafypafa eoonufo.
Ournepuo, rakepouckafa kuueeua kpufuka npeky uekonkyruua ceou
uajucfakuafu npefcfaeuuuu, ue ppu nperuory po aefopufefof ua concfeeuafa
uayua u yrefuuka onacf: paruopyuua e kou nponerufe ua jaeuuof cfafyc
ua nufepafypuafa yrefuocf, pepoeuo npeekopyea cpepuuuu u eufanuu feru
ua uauuouanuafa nufepafypa, ce sapoeonyea co noepuuo fonkyeane ua
uauuouanuuof qyukuuouanusar ua nufepafypafa, qpasepcku u nonysuancku ja
enaopupa rapkcucfukafa ecfefuka kako npauane ua peuof, apufpupa
uarecfo pa ekcnepfupa, eoonufo ranky koryuuuupa, co coepereuofo yreene
pa ce ufa.
Jaeuo fpea pa ce npepou, peka u oepe kaj uac fokry nufepafypuafa
kpufuka ce uacyka eo nnufauufe ua ouaa uacoka koja ja apaue eeuafa cnpera
co pueeuafa nonufuka. (Cekako, kora nufepafypuafa kpufuka, ue rucnar ua
uajuupokuof onqaf ua uejsuuufe npefcfaeuuuu, fyky ua ouoj uejsuu pen ufo e
eo nocnepuo epere uajrnaceu u ufo ru ponupa u npoeouupa noocefnueufe feru
ua uauuof kuueeeu paseoj). Taka, npep useecuo epere, eo epeu uanuc ojaeeu
eo enrpapckuof pueeeu neaf, yrnepeu uau nufepafypeu kpufuap, koj suae no
koj naf eo nocnepuuee uekonky ropuuu, ce uupuruupa u peryfupa op epeeafa sa
uauuouanuofo, ojacuyeajku ro foa ceoe pucfauuupane u puqepeuuupane
kako nofpea pa ce sacfaue eps nosuuuufe ua epua onpepena ufo ru
npeqepupa knacuufe cyufuuu ua yrefuocfa, upejku uauuouanusrof eo
ocuoeafa un epeu ueoporrafcku opuoc.
Ho, ce nocfaeyea npauanefo, kora eeke e rounusupaua pasrucnafa
okony nparrafa u jarrafa, panu e rapkcucfukuof npucfan enuruuauuja ua
uauuouanuafa kornoueufa ua nufepafypafa ua crefka ua knacuafa cyufuua ua
yrefuocfa? anu co fakeufe pesouu kuueeuafa kpufuka kako akfueeu uuufen
ua kuueeuafa uayka ue cu ru nofkonyea ferenufe eps kou fpea nouepcfo pa
12

sacfaue, f.e. panu faa carafa, saopaeajku ua npuuuunufe ua aefouoruocf ua
uayuafa rucna, ue ce nocfaeu ceecu eo ynorafa ua rnacuoroeopuuk, koj
sopyea eo urefo ua pueeuafa nonufuka? Henu cefo oea rupuca ua epua
ueonparrafuka sa koja caruof uejsuu uufepnpefafop ue e ceeceu?
Bnpoer, uar uu ocfauyea noecfo pa ce npauyeare: soufo uaeucfuua,
nufepafypuafa uayka kaj uac uera cfafyc ua uauuouanua pucuunnuua!?!
Eesenu, fokry safoa ufo kpufukafa e uejsuuuof qyupareuf... Oeaa u eakea
kpufuka.
Co oea ce ponuyeare po cyufuuckofo npauane ua fera: uauafa
uayka sa kuueeuocfa u uejsuuufe puneru.
Ro nepeceffufe ropuuu ua ruuafuof eek forauuafa jyrocnoeeuckafa
uayka sa kuueeuocfa paspeuu npouecu ufo uocea kapakfepucfuku ua
uanyufane ua nosufueusrof u opueane ua eynrapuafa upeorpaquja, unu,
kako foa ro qoprynupaue Anekcaupap 4nakep - npusuaeane ua aefouoruafa
nonoa ua kuueeuocfa u npunuyeane kou uraueuuujafa ua kuueeuo-
ucfopuckuof npouec. Taa uacoka ru ynafu u kpufuapufe uupyr Jyrocnaeuja, a
eo faa pojka u rankyruua rakepoucku, kou useecuu pecfaepauuu ua
napnypnapfusrof. Bo popofo narefene ua nokoneuujafa kou eo fue ropuuu ce
enyufuja eo urpufe ua nufepafypuufe kouqpoufauuu e perucfpupauo ruory
ufo, koe nofcefyea ua cfaeoeufe peka nufepafypafa ue e uuuja cnyruuka.
Kory ja npenyufaa oeue forauuu nuepanuu jyro-yroeu kyfpafa u uesrpueua
yrefuocf? Ce suae caro peka ja ufufea op eynrapusauujafa ua onufecfeeuufe
nopaku, c popeka fue rnacoeufu uejsuuu saufufuuuu ue ce npekeanuqukyeaa
(eo cnpera co pueeuafa nonufuka) eo uejsuuu aefeufuuu nopayeau. Koueuo,
yufe epuau, u koj suae konkynafu nofoa yufe u yufe u yufe epuau, caro
epuau, nufepafypuafa kpufuka, kako ocrucnyeaku pen ua uauafa
nufepafypua uayka, eue npucuneua pa ja kornporufupa nufepafypuafa
rucna eo urefo ua epua concfeeua ueoproeopuocf.
Cenak, ce uuu, co raneku po uajraneku ucknyouu, kuueeuafa kpu-
fuka kaj uac, eo ropuuufe ua noeoeuuof paseoj, ue u e paruonpaeuuk uufy ua
noesujafa, uufy ua nposuafa enefpacfuka, uufy ua pparafa. Oea e eeupeufeu
qakf. Oea e akcuor. H popeka afepufe ua nufepafypuuof paseufok eo CPM no
nepeceffufe ropuuu coropyeaa eo oruof ua kouqpoufauuufe, a ouue, op
noepuukafa qanaura, kou eojyeaa eo urefo ua aeaurappafa, ueoropepuafa
u eeponeusauujafa ua ankauckafa yrefuocf uapry eeke ru yueaa nnopoeufe
ua ceoufe ucfopucku sacnyru, ce cnyu oua ufo ce oekyeaue: uauafa
nufepafypua kpufuka ce cfekua co epuo ceoe ueuseuo xepepufapuo
onfoeapyeane. Hreuo, popeuufe eo cnoopa kou noceruaa kou kpufukafa pe,
ja nouecoa uacnepuafa cknouocf ua ceoufe nucku npefxopuuuu kou
sauuraeane co uajuuckufe eupoeu ua nofecuofo noppaje ua nufepafypuafa
onpepena. Ruuyeaa kpafku peueusuu u nnufku urnpecuu, ue epepuyeaa u ue
ce enyufaa eo oueuku u npeoueuku. Pufepafypafa noefopuo ce uajpe eo ue-
saeupuafa cufyauuja ua nokupaua pyxoeua soua eo koja eopekuof sop ro
uraaf uekonkyfe fpapuuuouanuu aupoeu op ruuafofo.
Meryfoa, nocnepuuee uekonky ropuuu uauafa nufepafypua jaeuocf e
ceepok ua npujafuu usueuapyeana ufo u ru npupepyea kuueeuafa kpufuka -
ouaa co npefeusuu pa ru oepuuyea eo epuo uaykafa u yrefuocfa - na, papyea
qakfof peka oeaa npefeuuuosuocf e uufepreuepauucku qeuoreu. Cekako
ponpea ke ce crupyea u npunuforyea kanpuuuosuocfa, uouuanaufuocfa,
13

npouseonuocfa u anpuopusrof ua pen op oquuuosufe ua rakepouckafa
kuueeuo-kpufuka pe, opuocuo cefo oua ufo kako nafonoruja ua epeu jaeeu
qeuoreu nonpeyeaue u oeoj cekfop op uauafa nufepafypa pa ce spoue co
uyuafa ecf ua ceonufofo npusuauue. 3aufo kuueeuafa kpufuka uus
nepuopufe ufo ru usruua nekoyruo uacepuyeaue ua cfaupappuufe cfanuuu ua
uejsuuofo oueeosroyeane - peka roe u peka fpea pa cospaea cnopep
concfeeuuof ekyc u ceoufe npueafuu uufepecu, ceou nucafenu. He cre curypuu
panu nucafenufe ce paraaf, uo noeeke cre curypuu peka kpufukafa caro ru of-
kpuea, uo ue ru cospaea. Rpurepu urare ua npefek, uo oepe uauafa sapaa ce
pokpajyea. Co npurepufe ueka ce sauuraeaaf peypuufe kuueeuu
peuuqpaufu, kou kaj uac ru ura c noeeke u c noeeke.
: 1980-
, . 572-576, , , 2009,
-
2009
.
14
15







LITERARY HISTORY
16
17


27-87.645(497.7)"9"
Hseopeu uayeu fpyp




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keywords: Heretics movements, East-West, Bogomilisam, dualisam, apochripha, The Secret
book, cosmogony, eshatology


Cpepuoeekoeuufe epefuku peuena co penuruosuo-pyxoeua u couujan-
ua opueufauuja ce peneeaufua nojaea eo Cpepuuof eek, cornepauu kako suaaj-
ua npupoueka sa cpepuoeekoeuafa kynfyponoruja u ucfopuorpaquja. Ha Ean-
kauof uue ru cnepure uus cyufuuafa ua ororunckofo peuene, koe eo ceoufe
ocuoeuu nocfynafu roe pa ce cornepa kako ceoeeupua cuufesa ua nocfapo
epefuko uacnepcfeo (rauuxejecko, racunujaucko, naenukaucko). Bo npuuuun
fue ueryeaaf aufarouucfuku cfae kou kauouckofo yene ua oquuujanuafa upk-
ea u qeypanuuof nopepok eoonufo, uspasyeajku ro, npeky eeke eocfauoeeuu
feonouko-porrafcku uaena, ceoefo penuruosuo-pyanucfuko yene, cnopep
koe ce ufo e cospapeuo op rafepuja ce upeufuqukyea co pujaonusrof. Bakeu-
of opuoc kou rafepujanuuof ceef nouafary ja oppepyea onpepenafa ua oro-
runufe kou uapeopeuuufe rauuqecfauuu u curonu ua xpucfujaucfeofo, uero-
eufe afpuyfu, saceruyeajku ro yecfeufenuofo npauane sa kpepuunufefof ua
ueroeuof uoprupau cucfer.
Ceoefo coepueucfeo ororunufe ro nocfuruyeaaf no yrnep ua refopu-
fe ua ppyrufe, npefxopuu epefuku uckycfea, eornaeuo ua racunujaucfeofo u
naenukaucfeofo, npeky uajeucokuof cfeneu ua ronufeeua ackesa, co ufo no naf
ua ekcfasa ocfeapyeaaf epeu eup uenocpepeu koufakf co Eora, noucfoeefyeefy-
eajku ce co eucfuuckofo orocosuauue. Rpeky feonouko-porrafckufe nocfaeku
ua ororunufe u uueuuof opuoc kou cyufuuckufe porru, curonu u opepu ua
xpucfujauckuof kauou: kpufeeane, eexapucfuja, eockpecuyeane, nufypruja, ce
cornepyea uueuafa koufpapukfopuocf uus epeu cnoj ua pauuouanuufe u refa-
qusukufe nosuuuu eo erseresafa ua porrufe, ufo op pyra cfpaua ur uocu eu-
coku couujanuu u efuku uaena eo uueuafa kapakfepucfuua, ororuncka por-
rafcka onpepena.
18
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Boonufo pyanucfufe eo cpepuoeekoeua Eepona ce nojaeyeaaf eo noeeke
cfpyu u npaeuu, co nonara unu nouspasufa pyanucfuka opueufauuja, koja ec-
fonafu e uepocnepua, npofuepeua u uepopeeua. (parojnoeuk, 1974 : 2-3).
Oeue cpepuoeekoeuu pyanucfu ua nnauof ua qunosoqckafa pokfpuua ua uue-
uofo yene usrpapune epua ceoeeupua pujanekfuka, oufonoruja u efuka koja e
sacuoeaua ua yrepeu unu ekcfpereu pyanusar, koj sapapu ceoufe feonouko-
porrafckufe penepkycuu npepusukan ecfoku nporoucfea ua epefuuufe ua
Hcfok u ua 3anap, upejku upkeafa sa npenaf eo ceojafa noeekeeekoeua ucfopu-
ja ce noyecfeyeana sarposeua op cnoopoyruocfa ua uueuufe cfaeoeu. 4uno-
soqckuof pyanusar ua cpepuoeekoeuufe epefuuu npefcfaeyea epeu eup eknek-
fuka cuufesa ua xpucfujauckafa feonoruja u opueufanuufe eepcku yena, co
urnnereufauuu op aufukofo qunosoqcko uacnepcfeo, npep ce op Ernepo-
knoeafa, Rufaropuuafa, Rnafouoeafa, ueonnafouoeafa u cfoukafa qunosoqu-
ja (parojnoeuk, 1988: 223). Rpureuyeajku ja eakeafa cuufesa op rnepuufa,
cpepuoeekoeuufe pyanucfu nponarupane ocnoopeuocf op porrafckuof uauu
ua nourane u cfepeofunuafa cnuka ua unuckuof ceef, a eo ceoufe kocroro-
uucku cnuku u cnoeuu aneropuu uypaf epua uufepecua qunosoqcka
kouuenuuja ua uufepnpefauuja eo poreuof ua kocronorujafa, epareua eo cne-
uuquua penurucka rufonoruja u npeseufupaua co kapakfepucfuua feonouka
fepruuonoruja.
Rpauanefo sa enujauuefo ua ororuncfeofo eps epefukufe peuena
npojaeeuu eo 3anapua Eepona, cornepauo eo onuuufe ua nafapeucfeo, ka-
fapcfeo, anurojcfeo eo uaykafa e nocfaeyeauo yufe op uajpauufe npoyyeana
po peuec, u saknyouufe eo ronera repa ce apryreufupauu. H nokpaj escnop-
uofo enujauue ua ororuncfeofo eps uueuafa nojaea, cenak epecufe eo 3anap-
ua Eepona ce jaeyeaaf kako pesynfaf ua onufecfeeuo-nonufukafa u couujan-
uafa cocfoja, eo kopenauuja co nosuuujafa u peqoprufe ufo ja saqakaaf 3a-
napuafa upkea eo XI eek. Oeue peqopru ce opuecyeaaf ua uuuuujafueu cornep-
nueu eo useecuu peuena kakeo ufo e Knyuuuckofo, a kou nponarupaaf uspur-
uyeane ua pyxoeuafa ucfofa ua pyxoeuuufeofo, opa npofue curouujafa, a
uueuufe cfpereu une uacoeuu kou uspuruyeane ua ropanof u aefopufefof
ua upkeafa, koja ce cooyeana co kpusu. Toa une u ojekfueuufe npefnocfaeku
sa nojaea ua nopapukanuu pyanucfuku epefuku peuena ua 3anap. 3afoa u
uno uufepecuo pa ce npucfanu kou epeu eup pekoucfpykuuja ua cqepufe ua
enujauuja ua pyanucfukufe peuena, npeky cnepenefo ua pacnpocfpauyeane-
fo ua anokpuquo-kocrorouuckufe fekcfoeu, u npeky useopufe eo kou ce fpefu-
paaf opuocufe rery ucfouufe u sanapuufe pyanucfu.
Oepe u cakane enujauuefo ua ororuncfeofo, kako cpepuoeekoeua epe-
fuka nojaea, eps sanapuufe epefuku peuena pa ro npocnepure uus uekonky
useopuu pokyreufu, kako u uus pea fekcfa co pyanucfuka kouuenuuja: oro-
runckafa u anokpuquo-ucfopuckuof fpakfaf 3a fpufe seruu uap-
cfea, kou uypaf eeupeufu pokasu sa fpaucqepof ua pyanucfuku upeu norery
Hcfok u 3anap.
Eororuncfeofo koe uacfauano ua npocfopof ua Cnoeeuckuof Jyr, ua fe-
pufopujafa ua Eyrapuja u Makepouuja eo X eek, eo nepuopof op kpajof ua XI u
noefokof ua XII eek pocfuruano eucfuucka ekcnausuja co feupeuuuja sa pso
pacnpocfpauyeane eo ppyru, cocepuu onacfu u nouupoko, c po nafuuckufe
cpepuuu u sanapuoeeponckufe serju. Hajeepojafuo npeufe pupekfuu koufakfu
norery ororunckofo yene ua Eankauof u 3anapof ce ocfeapeuu kou kpajof ua
19
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50-fufe ropuuu ua XI eek, npeuuo ua Cuuunuja. Taka, cnopep ,
no sapyuyeanefo ua eocfauuefo ua Refap enjau eo 1041 ropuua, roner poj
Makepouuu u naenukujauu npeerane ua Cuuunuja (Aurenoecka-Rauoea, 2004 :
98). Rop ureuyeanefo roe u fpea pa ce noppasepaf u carufe
ororunu, kou yecfeyeane eo eocfauuefo, ufo eo Makepouuja e npakca yufe
op eperefo ua Caroun (976-1014). Hcfoepereuo, fue npupouene sa pacnpoc-
fpauyeane ua oea pyanucfukofo yene eo Jyua Hfanuja. Bo XI eek npocfo-
pof ua Jyua Hfanuja u ua Cuuunuja, uran cfafyc ua eusaufucka konouuja, ua-
ceneua co uaceneuue koe sopyeano rpku jasuk, ufo roe pa ce fpefupa kako
noeoneu ycnoe sa pacnpocfpauyeane ua ororunckufe upeu fokry ua oeoj fe-
peu.
okas sa fpaucqepof ua upeu eo poreuof ua epefuko-anokpuquafa nu-
fepafypa e u npouupyeanefo ua anokpuquo-ucfopuckuof fpakfaf 3a fpufe
seruu uapcfea, eo sanapuafa cpepuua cpep kanapuckufe rouacu. Tekcfof,
cnopep . parojnoeuk, uacfauan eo Makepouuja sa epere ua uap Caroun, a
peuecka e coyeau eo nopouueuu npenucu op cpncka pepakuuja (parojnoeuk,
1998 : 33). Toa suau peka rouacufe eo jyuoufanjauckufe rauacfupu une
pocfa pauo sanosuaeuu co yenafa ua ankauckufe epefuuu. Epefukuof ka-
pakfep ua fpakfafof e eeupeufeu u eo uero ce ofkpuea cykuecueuofo oecfee-
uo ofkpoeeuue ua fpufe uapcfeo: npeofo rpko, u co uero nepuopof ua ofkpoee-
uue ua Eorof-Ofeu, efopofo uapcfeo e cnoeeuckofo u eo uero cnepu ofkpoee-
uuefo ua Ceefuof yx u fpefofo - anaraucko u co uero uacfanyea ofkpoeeuuefo
ua Cuuof. Bo fekcfof cnepyea nonuc ua cufe uapopu u uueuafa nopena ua
npaeoeepuu, nonyeepuu u ueeepuu. Roepsyeanefo ua cnoeeuckofo uapcfeo co
Ceefuof pyx op cfpaua ua epefuuufe, npefcfaeyea upeja sa nokpeuyeane ua
cnoeeuckufe racu eo opa npofue Busaufuja. Tyka ce cornepyea u npuuuafa
sa cospaeane ua epeu eup anocfoncko-perokpafcku eepcku saepuuuu kou
npoknarupaaf cnoopa u epuakeocf kaj Jyuufe Cnoeeuu, kakeu ufo une pa-
roeufckafa u Menuuruckafa. Bakeufe eepcku saepuuuu ce eo fecua epcka co
cocfojufe eo penuruosuo-couujanuafa cqepa ua akfyenuufo ueeene, kou ua
3anap ja uajaeune nojaeafa ua nufaku oppepu u pokfpuuufe npoknarupauu op
erappufe, xyrunujafufe, cuporauuufe kafonuuu, papukanuufe xycucfu, a ua
Eankauof uue ru npenosuaeare eo ckufaku fopapu, kou Kosra ru uapekyea na-
pasufu u couujanuu auapxucfu.
Cufe fpu uapcfea uacfauyeaaf, no yrnep ua curonukafa cepruua, eo
nepuop op cepyr enoxu, unu kako eo , eo cepyr eekoeu. Eoro-
runckafa upeja sa fpufe seruu uapcfea una apanfupaua op cfpaua ua Joaxur
4nopcku (1132-1202), aaf eo epeu Jyuoufanjaucku kafonuku rauacfup. Koc-
rorouuckufe npefcfaeu sa curonukafa cepruua, ce noknonyeaaf co npefcfa-
eufe eo , ufo sopyea sa pauofo npucycfeo u enujauuefo ua oeue
pee epefuku feopu, uacfauafu eo jyuocnoeeucka cpepuua eo jyuoufanjauc-
kufe rauacfupu.
Oppepeuu onufecfeeuo-ucfopucku u ekouorcku ycnoeu eo nepuopof ua
XI eek ru pukfupane u npunuyeanafa ua penauuja Hcfok-3anap. Toa e nepu-
op kora Busaufuckafa Hrnepuja ce uauna nop eoeu ypap ua jyuoufanjauckufe
Hoprauu, na Anekcuj I Koruuu (1081-1118) noapan norou op eeueuujauckafa
qnofa, koja sa eosepaf pouna noeonuu fproecku nosuuuu eo Koucfaufuuonon.
Cnoeuocfa ua npunukufe una ycnoeeua u op npopopof u nperuuyeanefo ua
yecuuuufe eo kpcfouocuufe noxopu op XI po XIII uus fepufopujafa ua Busaufu-
20
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ja, a co foa u uus npocfopof ua Makepouuja. Toa, nak, ua Busaufuja u ofeopa
npocfop sa uuqunfpupane ua useecuu enujauuja eps sanapuofo rouaufeo. Ce
npefnocfaeyea peka rery eusaufuckufe rouacu, kou nponoeepane ua 3anap,
urano yqpneuu rucuouepu, kou paofene eo npunor ua pacnpocfpauyeane ua
epefukufe yena (Lambert, 1998 : 35), ocoeuo ua npocfopof ua Hfanuja u
4pauuuja. Bo pupekfua epcka e u npauanefo sa noefouufe u saueyeanefo
ua kafapusrof. opeka op epua cfpaua, rpyna ucfpayeau ce ua rucnene pe-
ka pasnuuufe epefuku rpynu ua 3anapof ce jaeune eo npeafa nonoeuua ua XI
eek, nop enujauue ua pupekfuo unu uupupekfuo ocfeapeuufe koufakfu co oro-
runckofo feonouko yene (Runciman, 1955 : 117-122), kako useop ua kojufo
cekorau ry ce opakane kora fparane sa uajaefeufuuufe qopru ua pyanusar
(Loos, 1974 : 119), ppyru, ce uuu es noronera npuuua, ja ocnopyeaaf oeaa
epcka u crefaaf peka nocfojaf roneru pasnuku u uecoopeefcfea norery oeue
pee yena (Moore, 1975 : 5-6). Cenak, ce crefa peka noroneru ycornacyeane
eo opuoc ua opepufe, penuruosuafa npakfuka, kako u carofo yene norery o-
roruncfeofo u kafapusrof ce ocfeapeuu eeke npep 1143 ropuua.
Ce uuu peka eo cnyajof co uajunycfpafueuo ce cornepy-
ea fpaucqepsanafa ua epefukufe peuena ua penauujafa Hcfok-3anap. Eu
uno uufepecuo pa ce npucfanu kou epeu eup pekoucfpykuuja ua nafof ua -
, npeky useopufe eo kou ce fpefupaaf opuocufe rery ucfouufe u
sanapuufe pyanucfu, nuuauufe pokyreufu kou ro eneaf opuocof ua yecuu-
uufe ua Rpeuof kpcfouoceu noxop kou ororunufe, kako u nopafouufe sa opra-
uusauujafa ua paroeufckafa u Menuuruckafa upkea. eo copp-
uucku nornep roe pa ce onpepenu kako eup kornunafueua feopa oqopreua
co nocpepcfeo ua nocfapafa anokpuqua fpapuuuja u epefukufe kornoueufu
ceojcfeeuu sa ororunckofo peuene, eepojafuo uacfauafa sa nofpeufe ua
ororunufe eo nepuopof op kpajof ua XI u noefokof ua XII eek. Cfaeof ua .
parojnoeuk sa rauuxejckofo nofekno ua , cenak u fpeano pa
ce pasrnepa eo koufekcf ua qakfof peka ocuoeuufe nocfynafu ua ororunckofo
peuene ce npesereuu op nocfapufe pyanucfuku yena, kou cfauyeaaf coc-
faeeu pen op ororunckafa upeonoruja, koja roe pa ce cornepa u kako ceoe-
eupua cuufesa op nocfapo epefuko uacnepcfeo. Oeoj cocfae peuecka e nosuaf
caro npeky pea nafuucku npenuca, napuckuof u eueuckuof, nosuafu nop uasueu-
fe Kapkacoucka eepsuja op XII eek (ce yea eo Rapuc) u Bueucka eepsuja op XIV
eek (ce yea eo Bueua). eafa coyeauu npenucu ce opnukyeaaf co useecuu pu-
qepeuuujauuu eo nornep ua noppouocfufe eo coppuuafa u eo jasukof, ufo
eepojafuo ynafyea ua nopafokof peka nofeknofo ua opuruuanof roe pa ce po-
eepe eo epcka co ppyro jasuuo noppaje, u foa cnopep pee oppenuu eepsuu
(Heauoe, 1970 : 60, Aufuk, 1977 : 196). ocerauuufe ucfpayeana eo uaykafa
ja akfyenusupaaf npefnocfaekafa peka opuruuanuuof cocfae uajuanpep un ua-
nuuau ua cfapocnoeeucku jasuk ua jyuocnoeeucku npocfop, unu ua eusaufuc-
korpku jasuk, a peka nafuuckuof npeeop npousneron op pee npeeopuu
npepnouku. He ce ucknyyea uu npefnocfaekafa peka una ua-
nuuaua npeoepereuo ua peafa cnoreuafu jasuuu, eo nepuopof op kpajof ua XI
u noefokof ua XII eek. Bo uaykafa op cfpaua ua E. Xarunfou (Hamilton, 1994 :
53-56) u M. Eapep (Barber, 2000 : 83) e ucfakuafo rucnenefo peka e rouo
opuruuanuuof fekcf pa un uanuuau ua rpku jasuk, poeepyeajku ro eo epcka co
npuepsauuuufe ua nonof Bacunuj eo noefokof ua XII eek. Ho, cenak, cnopep
uue, eepsujafa ufo Hasapuj ja npeuen ua 3anap sa ceoufe rucuouepcku uenu,
21
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uanuuaua ua nou nafuucku jasuk, a cornacuo nopafouufe op Aucenro Anekcau-
ppucku, ufo ru paea ua kpajof op Kapkacouckuof npenuc, npefcfaeyea npeeop
op cfapocnoeeucku jasuk.
H oepe npep uac ce ofkpuea nocfaeeuofo npauane sa opuruuanuafa ja-
suua npoeeuueuuuja ua , sa uejsuuofo nofekno koe eo uaykafa
ce noepsyea co jyuocnoeeuckufe cpepuuu u fepeuof ua Makepouuja, kape ufo
u useopuo ce uupeno ororunckofo yene, kako u sa uejsuuofo fauucfeeuo
npeuecyeane npeky cocepuufe cpepuuu, no nuuujafa ua pacnpocfpauyeane ua
epefukufe peuene, npeky Eocua u Xpeafcka po Hfanuja u 4pauuuja. Hacfa-
uyeanefo ua nafuuckuof npeeop ce noepsyea co rucuouepckafa pejuocf ua enu-
ckonof Hasapuj eo Porappuja, koja urana sa uen npouupyeane ua ororun-
ckufe upeu cpep npuepsauuuufe ua kafapusrof. Eupejku Hasapuj eeke eo 1170
ropuua npeseufupan pen op uejsuuufe coppuuu npep cnyuafenufe, ce npef-
nocfaeyea peka faa una npeeepeua ua nafuucku jasuk kou cpepuuafa ua XII
eek. uajuanpep ja cnoreuyea ypau pe Xycka eo noefokof ua
XIII eek, crefajku peka eopu nofekno op rapkuouucfufe. Bo efopafa nonoeuua
ua XIII eek anysuja ua uaorare kaj Pajuep Cakouu, koj eo 1230
nuuyeajku sa kafapufe u epuuuufe op Puou, nofeuuupajku peka faa sanypa
ja uayun op enuckonof u noroneruof cuu ua yrapckafa upkea (Hasapuj) npep
okony 60 ropuuu. Manky nopouua koreufap cpekaeare u kaj Aucenro Anekcau-
ppucku, ua kpajof op Kapkacouckuof npenuc eo koj ce nofeuuupa peka ce paofu
sa fajua, nonua co sanypu, nponoeepaua op epefuuufe op Koukopeuo, a poue-
ceua op enuckon Hasapuj op Eyrapuja
1
. Cnopep Hasapuj op uckouu nocfou caro
epeu noefok, koj feopeuof ua pyxoeuuof ceef u rafepujanuufe cfuxuu eo eup
ua ofnapuaf auren, kako nnafoucku perujypr, ro onukyean eupnueuof ceef.
Eororuncfeofo eo efopafa nonoeuua ua X eek eo Makepouuja u Eyrapuja
npefcfaeyeano peucu epuucfeeuo penyruo oprauusupauo peuene co uapop-
ua u cnoeeucka opueufauuja, uu nouarefnueu akfueuocfu ce upeufuqukyeaaf
co koucfufyupanefo ua Carounoeafa ppaea, uja npeoufua npecfonuuua ce
uaorana eo Rpecna. Bo npouecof ua npoponufenuu opu eopeuu op cfpaua
ua Caroun, eo nepuopof op 963 na uekape po 969 ropuua, a cornacuo eocfauo-
eeuafa npakfuka ueufapof ua enapxuufe pa upe ouary kape ufo e cepuufefo
ua nonufukafa enacf, Rpecna (ocfpoeof Aun), cfauan cepuufe u ua rufpono-
nufof. Ropouua, kora Caroun ja npeuen ceojafa npecfonuuua eo Oxpup, uekape
okony 990 ropuua, fary ce npecenun u epxoeuuof upkoeeu nornaeap. Bo ceojafa
ppaea Caroun ja qaeopusupan nonoafa u ynorafa ua upkeafa, uo ru urnne-
reufupan u ororunufe sa ppaeuu uenu u nofpeu, ocoeuo kopucfejku ru eo
ceoufe eoeuu noxopu. Rornaeapof ua Oxpupckafa upkea (Oxpupckafa nafpujap-
uuja), uajeepojafuo un nofeppeu op nanafa Fpryp (09. V 996 -18. II 999), op
koro Caroun ja poun kpyuafa.
Bps ocuoea ua oppepeuu nafuucku useopu roe pa ce usepuu npefno-
nouea yukauuja ua epefukuof kacfpyr eo Makepouuja, kako roeu fepeu op

1
Rpufoa, eo ucfopucka u eo reorpaqcka crucna, nop nourof yrapcka upkea fpea pa ce
uraaf npepeup cfapufe eusaufucku npoeuuuuu Tpakuja u Makepouuja, kou noepereuo enery-
eane eo cocfaeof ua yrapckafa ppaea u foa eo nepuopof npep enapeenefo ua Eopun, Heau
Aceu II unu Muxaun Aceu. Bakeafa cocfoja eo fekof ua XI eek ua ferafa Eyrapuja, koja eo
oeoj nepuop ro onqakana noroneruof pen ua Makepouuja, ue roe pa ce noepse co cocfoja-
fa no ouoeyeanefo ua yrapckafa ppaea op nepuopof no 1186 ropuua, eo koja kako oceojy-
eau pejcfeyeane yrapckufe enapefenu.
22
- -
koj nofekuana . Takeu nopafouu uypaf pokyreufupauu nafuucku
useopu kou ce opuecyeaaf ua Rpeuof kpcfouoceu noxop, uu yecuuuu ce peu-
ene no suaajuafa koryuukauuja Bua Hruafuja, koja ruuyeana uus jyrosanapuu-
of pen ua Makepouuja, kakoe ufo e
op Refap Typeop (Tudebodi, 1886 : 16-17). Op oeoj qpauuycku
ceeufeuuk, koj yecfeyean eo Rpeafa Kpcfouocua eojua ce posuaea peka kpcfo-
uocuufe co kuesof Taukpep cfuruane op Kacfopuja (Kocfyp) eo Renarouuja, kape
eo nepuopof 1096-1099 rop. nocfoena yfeppeua epefuka uacena (castrum
haereticorum), koja ce uaorana po uekakeo esepo (in qodam lacu). Oeaa uacena
ecfoko ja uanapuane kpcfouocuufe, a nofoa ja sananune saepuo co uejsuuufe
ufenu u cfapeuuucfeofo ua epefuuufe. H ppyru nafuucku useopu ro nofeppy-
eaaf nocfoenefo ua epefuku kacfpyr eo Renarouuja eo nepuop ua Rpeuof kpc-
fouoceu noxop. Oeue nopafouu ru uaorare nofeppeuu u op uckynof Eanpepuk
(1046-1130) eo , koj sa ufenufe ua ne-
narouuckuof kacfpyr, kape qakfuku uno yfeppyeanefo ua epefuuufe, eenu
peka ce uenpujafenu ua Eora (Baldrici episcopi,1879 : 21-24). Cnueu nopafok
uaorare u kaj rouaxof Poepf (Roberti monachi, 1879 : 746) eo penofo -
, kape ufo coonufyea peka kpcfouocuufe ofkako fpruane op
(Kacfopuja) Kocfyp nperuuane eo Renarouuja, kape nocfoen uekakoe epefuku
kacfpyr. H Bunujar Tupcku (1127-1190) (Tyrensis, 1844, 90-91) eo penofo -
, ro eneu nperuuyeanefo
ua kpcfouocuufe npeky Jappauckofo Mope u pa po Kacfopuja (Kocfyp), op
kape npepeopeuu op Eoeryup Tapeucku, cuu ua Poepf Fuckapp, saepuo co
kuesof Taukpep u Hoprauufe, nperuuane eo nnopuuof npepen Renarouuja eo
1096 ropuua, kape ufo ce cfauuouupane eo norop. Kora paspane sa uacena
uaceneua co epefuuu, nouupaua eo uueua uenocpepua nusuua, ce ynafune co
cefa psuua kou uea, u ja pasune.
Henpeuusuocfa ua oeue nopafouu cepsauu co Renarouuckafa onacf,
kojaufo curypuo una suaajuo ororuncko ynopuufe eo Cpepuuof eek, eo uay-
kafa nnacupa noeeke pasnuuu cfaeoeu eo epcka co yukauujafa ua oeoj epe-
fuku kacfpyr. H popeka, rnaeuo op nafuuckufe useopu cepsauu co nopafouufe
ua yecuuuufe eo Rpeafa kpcfouocua eojua, eo nepuopof ua XI u noefokof ua
XII eek eo Renarouuja posuaeare peka nocfoen epeu yfeppeu rpap ua epefuuu-
fe, kpaj esepo, eusaufuckuof npaeuuk Teopop Eancarou, koj paofen ua koreu-
fapof ua Horokauouof eo nepuopof norery 1170 u 1180 ropuua, eenu peka eo
foj nepuop eo npepenufe ua eusaufuckofo uapcfeo, nocfoene noeeke ororun-
cku feppuuu u onacfu. Ropafouufe u op cnucufe ua Eancarou opaf eo npunor
ua fesafa peka oeoj yfeppeu rpap ua epefuuufe eo onacfa Renarouuja, kaj ese-
pofo, un uaceneu co ororunu. Heroeofo npeuusuo yuuupane ue eopu po
npocfopof eo u okony Rpecnauckofo Esepo, ufo e eknoneuo eo nouupokufe
parku ua onacfa Renarouuja. Taka, C. Aufonjak (Aufonjak, 1985 : 773-787) pe-
ueuuofo ceno Acarafu ua Rpecnauckofo Esepo, cnopep rpkuof uasue
, ro noepsyea co cekfafa ua ororunufe u npefnocfaeyea peka fokry
cerauuofo npecnaucko recfo uno cnoreuafuof rpap ua epefuuufe koe ce uao-
rano po esepo, po uekoe esepo unu npu esepo. T. Toroecku, eo cfypujafa Rpec-
na eo cpepuuof eek ynafyea ua Ocfpoeo kako roua nokauuja ua epefukuof
kacfpyr. E Eosoku (Bozoky, 1980), eo ceojafa kuura noceefeua ua -
ro usuecyea rucnenefo peka uejsuuuof naf nouyea fokry eo 1096-fafa ro-
puua kora e usropeu rpapof ua npecnauckuof ocfpoe Foner Fpap. Tokry co oeoj
23
-
npocfop roe pa ce cepse rucnenefo u npefnocfaekafa sa uuuuujanuofo rec-
fo ua nojaeafa ua pakonucof .
Oepe ce npennefyeaaf rufckufe u peanuufe cfopuu, a po epua op uue
pouon J. Rneeueu eps ocuoea ua ucfpayeanafa epueuu eo Bafukauckafa
unuofeka, kape npouauon sanuc sa rouax-kpcfouoceu koj co npeceeu jasuk
ja npeuen kuurafa op ocfpoeof, npeky Eankauof, ua nuuujafa npeky Eocua,
Cnnuf u Tporup eo anrauuja, a e npouajpeu uekape okony Beueuuja u sanuua-
ua op cfpaua ua xpeafckuof nynuuucf Aufouuo Jepkoe eo cnucauuefo Relacion
Macedonia, nynukyeauo eo Pur eo ueecefufe ropuuu ua ruuafuof eek.
Rocfou ronera eepojafuocf kou kopnycof fonouuru pa ce npuknyu u ce-
nofo Acarafu, uja efuronoruja ce poeepyea eo epcka co ororunckofo fonky-
eane ua Ceefofo Tpojcfeo, opuocuo eepyeanefo eo Eor es feno (),
nofeppeuo u eo eepsujafa ua Eqfuruj 3uraeu.
Kou kpajof ua XII u noefokof ua XIII eek, ororuncfeofo npoppeno u eo
Eocua, a ueroeufe npuepsauuuu oepe nosuafu kako nafapeuu u kyfyrepu, ce no-
jaeune sa epere ua enapeenefo ua auof Kynuu (1180-1204). Rocfojaf koufpa-
eepsuu cornepu eo epcka co upeufuqukauujafa ua Eocauckafa upkea, uo cenak
eo uaykafa npeoenapyeaaf runenafa peka faa una pyanucfuka uucfufyuuja,
koja eo opuoc ua feonouko-porrafckufe onpepenu urana cnuuu feupeuuuu
co ororuncfeofo. ypu ua uea ce nocoyea kako ua epuucfeeu npurep eo
cpepuuof eek kako ua epefuka ppaeua upkea. Ha oeoj npocfop ce cpekaeare u
co epeu kynfypeu qeuoreu op poreuof ua rafepujanuafa kynfypa, nosuaf kako
ocoeu eup ua uaprpouu kareuu cnoreuuuu, f.u. cfekuu, npeky kou ce cornepy-
ea epuo noepsyeane co esofepuuafa pokfpuua ua ororunckofo u kafapckofo
peuene (Conoejee, 1956 : 31). Tepufopujafa ua Eocua kako kpcfocuuua rery
npaeocnaeuuof Hcfok u kafonukuof 3anap, una usnoeua ua epefuku ye-
na, na nopapu foa, faa ue cnyajuo op kpajof ua XII eek cfauana npueuufe
sa ororunufe op Makepouuja u Cpuja.
Bo opuoc ua npauanefo cepsauo co nocfoene ua epefuku upkoeuu opra-
uusauuu, a co foa u cnepenefo ua nafof ua pacnpocfpauyeanefo ua ororun-
cfeofo u epefukafa nufepafypa, suaaeu ucfopucku useop npefcfaeyeaaf
akfufe ua Kafapckuof coop, oppau eo 1167 rop. eo Cau 4enukc pe Kaparau,
eo nusuuafa ua Tynys, 4pauuuja. Co oeoj Coup npefcepaean nanafa Hukufa
op Uapurpap, koj npunaran ua epefukafa upkea paroeufuja, koj una nosuafa
no ceojafa cfpora pyanucfuka opueufauuja. Oepe foj sopyea sa nocfoene ua
upkeufe ua Porauuja (Romanae), pororefuja (Drogumethiae), Menuuruja
(Melinguiae), Eyrapuja (Bulgariea) u ua anrauuja (Dalmatiae), sa kou ucfakuyea
peka reryceuo ce nopeneuu u yfeppeuu, faka ufo uuepua ue npaeu ueufo ufo
u uno eo cnpofueuocf co ppyrafa u peka reryceuo ueeaf eo rup
(Dondaine, 1946 : 326). Oepe jacuo e nopeneeu nopafokof sa nocoene ua an-
rafuucka epefuka upkea. Hejsuuofo ocuoeane roeno pa ce opeuea ua pea
uauua: epuuof nopapu nusuuafa ua ocoeuo cunuofo ocaucko ororuncko
cpepuufe, a ppyruof npeky cunuufe fproecku epcku norery Uapurpap u anra-
uuja, co Cnnuf u Tporup kako cpepuufe.
Hpeonoukafa noepsauocf ua kafapufe eo Hfanuja u ankauckufe ororu-
nu ocoeuo poara po uspas eo penofo
op Pajuep Cakouu cocfaeeuo eo cpepuuafa ua XIII eek. enofo ofkpuea ruory
uufepecuu nopafouu eo epcka co kafapusrof eo 3anapua Eepona, uo npeseufu-
pauu ce pocfa kouuusuo u cocfojufe co epefuuufe-pyanucfu, ororunu u nae-
24
- -
nukujauu ua Eankauckuof Ronyocfpoe u eo Mana Asuja (Aurenoea-Rauoea, 2004
: 37)
2
. enofo Pacnpaeafa sa epefuuufe op ufanjauckuof feonor Aucenro
Anekcauppucku, nuuyeauo eo nepuopof op 1260 po 1270 rop., paea nopafouu sa
fproeuufe op Uapurpap kou fpryeane co Eyrapuja u kou ja pouene epecfa eo eu-
saufuckafa npecfonuuua, op kape ufo nouafary faa ce uupena eo Eocua, an-
rauuja, Hfanuja u 4pauuuja.
Henoufeu pokas sa npecfojyeane ua eo e ca-
ruof Kapkacoucku nafuucku npenuc. Kapakacouckuof fekcf pafupa op cpepuua-
fa ua XII eek u ur npunaran ua jyuoqpauuyckufe epefuuu. 3a sanucof sa enu-
ckonof Hasapuj, ocfaeeu ua kpajof op npenucof, ce rucnu peka uacfauan po
cpepuuafa ua XIII eek, upejku sa uero ce usjacuyea Aucenro Anekcauppucku.
Hufepecuo e, u nokpaj foa ufo Kapkacouckuof npenuc uera uacnoe, Aucenro ro
ureuyea kako , rucnejku ua cocfaeof ufo nop uacnoe Rpauanafa
ua anocfonof u eeaurenucfof Joeau ua ceefafa eeepa sa kpancfeofo ueecko
u sa cospaeanefo ua ceefof, ro cpekaeare eo Bueuckuof npenuc op XIV eek,
ureuyeajku ro fokry nop oea ure - caruof pakonuc eo ceojof sanuc.
Cefo oea ynafyea ua rucnafa peka kako anokpuqeu fekcf
ce ynofpeyeana kako nonynapeu pakonuc rery qpauuyckufe pyanucfu. Op co-
yeauafa useopua rpara ce posuaea peka enuckonof Hasapuj un epefuku enu-
ckon ua upkeafa eo Koukopeuo eo nepuopof norery 1190 u 1235 ropuua, u ro
sacfanyean pepof ua epefukafa yrapcka upkea. Toa suau peka foj ueeen
50 ropuuu no nojaeafa ua eo 4pauuuja. Hasapuj un ueeepojafuo
orpaseu norery uukeusufopufe, upejku ueroeufe nocrpfuu ocfauku, no sano-
eep ua nanafa Huokeufuj IV, une uckonauu u jaeuo usropeuu eo 1254 ropuua,
eo nepuop ua jakuene ua uukeusuuucfukufe nporoucfea eo Hfanuja. Xpouo-
noukofo uecornacyeane norery pejuocfa ua enuckonof Hasapuj u nojaeafa ua
Kapkacouckuof npenuc co sanucof, ecyuuocf uupupekfuo ykayea, peka sanucof
uacfauan eo epcka co ropenefo ua ueroeufe ocfauku. Hpejafa uajeepojaufo
una pa ce onpaepa oeoj ppacfueu uu ua ueroeufe ersekyfopu, u npufoa pa
ry ce uafoeapu orporuo oeuuyeane peka op Eyrapuja ja pouen epecffa, u ua
nafuucku ro npeeen oeoj epefuku anokpuq. Oeoj eo ocuoea pyanucfuku fekcf,
uacfauaf ua Eankauof, eo Makepouuja, kako ceoeeupeu enaopaf ua ororun-
ckafa pokfpuua, yreuuo uus qunfepof ua anokpuquafa nufepafypa ur e npe-
ueceu ua sanapuufe pyanucfu, sa ufo uajpeneeaufuo ceepoufeo ce nocfoeku-
fe nafuucku npenucu.
Hako useopufe ue ce cekorau pokpaj npeuusuu, a roner pen op uue sapa-
pu epefukuof kapakfep yuuufeuu, npouecof ua pucnepsuja ua a u
uafary npefcfaeyea uepokpaj paceefneua sarafka, nopapu nofpeafa op nokou-
kpefuofo yuuupane ua npepeupyeanafa sa uejsuuofo peuene, uus pene-
eeufuu nofkpenu, npeky Eocua u anrauuja po Hfanuja u 4pauuuja, ecyuuocf -
ua peuekafa fpaucqepsana koja e epua op uajronerufe rucfepuu eo ropep-
ua Eepona, koja ua pyxoeua ocuoea una npepuseukaua op cypuuafa ua epua
kuura.

2
Cnopep knacuqukauujafa ua Pajuep Cakouu cufe kafapu une nopeneuu eo 16 upkeu, kou
eopaf nofekno op upkeafa Eyrapcka (Ecclesia Bulgarae) u op upkeafa paroeufuja (Ecclesia
Dugunthiae). PHEH, T. IV, 169. Rpesereu uufaf op Maja Aurenoecka-Rauoea, Eororuncfeofo
eo pyxoeuafa kynfypa ua Makepouuja, As Eyku - Ckonje, Hucfufyf sa cfapocnoeeucka kynfy-
pa Rpunen 2004, cfp. 37.
25
-

:

Aurenoecka-Rauoea, Maja:
(2004), , As Eyku - Ckonje,
Hucfufyf sa cfapocnoeeucka kynfypa, Rpunen
Aufuk, Bepa:
(1977), , Haua kuura, Ckonje
Aufonjak, Cfenau:
(1985), Rpecnaucku Acarafu yfeppeu rpap ua epefuuufe kaj Esepofo eo Renarouuja
op I kpcfouocua eojua (1096)?, , Ckonje, cfp. 773-787
Baldrici episcopi Dolensis:
(1879), Historia Ierosolymitana. Recueil des Historiens des Croisades, Historia
occidentaux, t. IV, Paris, 21-24
Barber, M.:
(2000) The Cathars. Dualistic Heretics in Languedoc in the High Middle Ages. Harlow
Bozoky, Edina:
(1980), Le livre secret des cathares. Interrogatio Iohannis, Apocryphe d'origine bogomile,
edition critique, traduction, commentaire, Beauchense, Paris
Dondaine, A. :
(1946), Les actes du concile Albigeois de Saint Felix de Caramen. Studi e testi 125, Citta
del Vaticano
parojnoeuk, parony:
(1974), , I, Eeorpap, 2-3.
parojnoeuk, parony:
(1998), , Hoeu Cap, 223.
Heauoe, Hoppau:
(1970), , Coqun
Lambert, M. D.:
(1998;1999) The Chathars, Oxford
Loos, M.:
(1994) Dualistic Heresy in the Middle Ages, Praha, 119
Moore, R. I.:
(1975) The Birth of Popular Heresy. Documents of Medieval History, I, London, 5-6.
Petri Tudebodi seu Tudebovis sacerdotis Sivracensis:
(1886) Historia de hierosolymitano itinere. ed. Recueil des historiens croisades. Historiens
occidentaux, t. III, Paris, 16-17.
A. Conoejee, A.:
(1956), Curonuka cpepneeekoeuux rpouux cnoreuuka y Eocuu u Xepueroeuuu,
, VIII, Capajeeo
Roberti monachi:
(1879), Historia Iherosolimitana . Ed. Bongars Recueil des historiens des croisades.
Historiens croisades. Histroriens occidenttaux, t. III, Paris, 746.
Runciman, S.:
(1955), The Medieval Manichee. A Study of Christian Dualistic Theory, Cambridge, 117-122.
Tyrensis, Willermy:
(1844), Historia rerum in partibus transamarinis gestarum. Recueil des historiens des
croisades. Historiens croisades. Histroriens occidenttaux, t. I, Paris, 90-91
Hamilton, B.:
(1994), Wisdom from the East. Heresy and Literacy 1000 1530, Cambridge, 53-56

26






HERETICS MOVEMENTS OVER TRANSVERSAL
EAST-WEST

Maja Jakimovska - Tosic

(Summary)


The major signs of the appearance of Bogomilisam in Macedonia in the
middle of the Xth Century are in close connection with political, economic, religious
and cultural surroundings which persisted in that time. The Secret Book, a product
of the medieval theosophy, known in literature as Gospel of John or False Gospel,
belongs to apocryphal literature with apocalyptic and visionary orientation. The
content of The Secret Book implies heretical elements, mainly typical for dualistic
doctrines and especially for the doctrine of Bogomils. The cosmogonical and
eshatological segment of the bogomil movement is also most illustratively shown in
the Secret book. This text, today, is known only through two transcripts in Latin,
Parisian and Viennese versions, known by the names Karkason and Vienna
version. The translation in Latin is connected with the missionary work of bishop
Nasaria in Lombardi in 1170, whose goal was to spread the ideas of Bogomils from
Balcan among devotees of Catharism, and that was the reason why it was
translated in Latin.
In the second half of 12
th
Century Bogomilisam movement in its origin form
penetrated from Macedonia to neighborhood countries in the region and to his way
to the Western Europe. The process of dispersion of The Secret book still
represents a not-completely solved puzzle, as the sources are not entirely precise,
and a great many of them are destroyed because of their heretic character. It is
necessary to determine more concrete ubiquity of presumptuous movement of the
book, through relevant supportive evidence, from Bosnia and Dalmatia to Italy and
France, in fact-the route of the active transferal which is one of the biggest
mysteries in modern Europe, and which was, on its spiritual level, initiated by the
fate of one book.

27


929 Munapuuoe, .
Hseopeu uayeu fpyp




(200 ropuuu op ueroeofo parane)


- -

"


: , , , ,
key words: Dimitirija, Miladinov, revival, national, issues.


Roefokof ua 19 eek, kako eo eeponcku faka u eo ceefcku koufekcf, e op-
eneau co ruorypojuu peqoprafopcku uruna kou uuuuupane u usepuune
kpynuu nporeuu eo opuoc ua ekouorckuof, onufecfeeuuof, couujanuuof u no-
nufukuof nopepok, a co foa u ua uauuouanuuof u kynfypuuof paseoj ua uapo-
pufe. 3anouano qoprupanefo ua ppaeufe, oseauuyeanefo ua uauuufe, yf-
eppyeanefo ua uauuouanuufe oeneja opuocuo ua uauuouanuufe upeufufefu.
Makepouckuof 19 eek e openeau co ruorypojuu uruna kou ocfaeune
cuneu neaf ua uafarouuuof ceekyneu paseoj ua rakepouckuof uapop. Epuo op
eopekufe uruna ua rakepouckuof 19 eek e urufpuja Munapuuoe, ue ure u
no 200 ropuuu op ueroeofo parane ocfauyea sa eeka saeneauo u oepsyea-
ko sa rakepouckuof uapop. Hrefo urufpuja Munapuuoe eo cee ro ancopu-
paue aufukofo ruuafo, ce uanojyeaue op pejuocfa ua pakafa Kupun u Mefo-
puj u op cnoeeuckafa fpapuuuja, nnaruyeaue op ororunckufe upeu, op parac-
kuuapckafa fpapuuuja, ce noknouyeaue ua Oxpupckafa apxuenuckonuja, ce uc-
nonuyeaue op nyoefa kou rakepouckuof oeek u cefo foa espesepeuo ry ro
nopapyeaue ua rakepouckuof uapop.
ejuocfa ua urufpuja Munapuuoe e noeekecnojua. 3anouyeajku op yu-
fenckafa pejuocfa, npeky nokpoeufenckafa ynora uap ceoufe yeuuuu u npeky
coupakafa akfueuocf foj ce euypuan eo peuaeanefo ua uajeauufe uauuo-
uanuu npauana eo 19 eek: aquprupanefo ua rajuuuof jasuk, opafa npofue
Uapurpapckafa nafpujapuuja u ouoeafa ua Oxpupckafa apxuenuckonuja.



Ceoufe akfueuocfu urufpuja ru sanouan u ru nocfaeun eo npoceefu-
fenckuof rpap Oxpup - pauufenof ua rakepouckafa: eepa, nucreuocf u uauuo-
uanua npepopa. Bo 1848 ropuua, Eefur Cnpocfpauoe eo ceojafa cfypuja
op 1896, eneu peka una qpneua npeafa
28
- -
cerka op cfpaua ua urufpuja Munapuuoe. Bo rpapof ua cecnoeeuckafa nucre-
uocf, Oxpup, urufpuja Munapuuoe, kako rpku yufen, ru uckaan co fara eo
pyuafa sopoeufe op kou nofekna opafa npofue fyruof rpku jasuk: yes-
uu epa! Jac ee yar ua fyr jasuk, uo uenpaeepuo e foa yene. Opeaj roe pa
ce uajpe ppyr uapop noponeu u nouusok op uauuof! Ha uuepuo ppyro recfo ue
ce yu npeofo opasoeauue ua fyr jasuk, fyky ce yu ua ceojof rajuu u fafkoe.
... (Sprostranovq,1896:1).
Oeue sopoeu ue une nafokasof caro sa opafa npofue rpkuof jasuk
opuocuo npofue rpuusupanefo ua rakepouckuof uapop, fyky eoonufo foa ce
sopoeufe op kou nofekon ceekynuuof uauuouaneu aurarau ua urufpuja Mu-
napuuoe. Oea ce sopoeu koj ue ru uckayean caro npep ceoufe yeuuuufe,
fyky foj ru roeopen npep uenuof uapop, nopapu ufo kako ufo saenean
Cnpocfpauoe, nopapu faa ueroea crena nocfanka, foj un npofepau op Oxpup.
Ho, npofueuuuufe kako pa ry uanpaeune ycnyra ua rakepouckuof uapop.
urufpuja ro sanouan ceojof ckufuuku yufencku ueof no pasuufe rpapoeu
ua Makepouuja kape ufo ro ceen popofo u narofeopuo cere ucfakuan
Cnpocfpauoe.
Beke no pecef ropuuu usuukuane pesynfafufe eo Oxpup u ro pane npeuof
nnop; ua 10 okforepu 1858 r. uno ofeopeuo npeofo eeepuo yunuufe eo Ox-
pup.
1
Bo reropujafa ua ceoufe yeuuuu, urufpuja Munapuuoe e sanoruaf
kako popouarepeu, cppeeu, popopyueu yufen koj espesepeuo ro npeuecy-
ean ceoefo suaene. Heroeu yeuuuu une Rpnuee, Lankapee, A. Jocuqee, K.
Muuajkoe, R. 3orpaqcku u ruory ppyru upuu eupuu rakepoucku pejuu. 3a uero
Fpurop Rpnuee eo ceojafa uaeepyea peka co poaranefo ua
urufpuja Munapuuoe sanouane pa ja usyyeaaf apufrefukafa u ufanujaucku-
of jasuk (Rpnuee, 1995:34).
3a uacfaeuafa refopa ua urufpuja Munapuuoe eneufo e u ufo foj eo
uacfaeafa sanouan pa ja packayea ucfopujafa, uapopuufe npepauuja u necuu
upejku crefan peka npeky caronosuaeanefo u foa npeky concfeeuofo feopeu-
feo, uapopof uajpopo ke ce sanosuaen co ceoefo ruuafo, co nopeusufe ua
ceoufe npapepoeuu, co uapopuuof pyxof, ufof u eepafa, upejku foa un uaj-

1
Toa ce cnyuno naropapejku ua peajua cuporauuu u npocfu carapuu op raanofo Meco-
kacfpo, Foue u Hukona Mycfpeeu. Huuuujafueafa sa oeoj oepsyeaku uacfau nofekuana op
3orpaqckuof rauacfup eo Ceefa Fopa, op Rapfeuuj 3orpaqcku, koj sa epere ua ueroeuof
npecfoj eo rauacfupof Ce. Joeau Europcku, saepuo co ofeu Aupou ro noeukane Foue Myc-
fpee. Taka, eo oeoj rauacfup eo koj uukorau ue un kaau rpku sop, une yppeuu ferenufe
ua npeofo uapopuo yunuufe eo Oxpup. 3a uenocua peanusauuja ua
(Sprostranovq, 1896: 3), Foue,
saepuo co Rapfeuuj 3orpaqcku saruuan sa Ceefa Fopa, op kape ufo ce epafun co pea-fpu
foeapu kuuru. Bo ueroeafa kyka uno ofeopeuo fajuofo yunuufe, a npeuof yufen un
ueroeuof cuu, Hukona koj fajuo ce ukonyean eo 3orpaqckuof rauacfup. Tajuocfa una npu-
ppyeu enereuf ua npepopafa. Bocnufauuuufe, ua eospacf op 20 po 30 ropuuu (yeuuuu,
kanqu, rajcfopu, nonoeu) pene ru nocefyeane rpkufe yunuufa, a uoke poarane eo porof ua
Mycfpeeu, kou nak pene une carapuu, a uoke npoceefufenu. Ho, kako ufo u Hcyc Xpucfoc
un npepapeu op ceojof uajnusok yeuuk, faka u fajuocfa ua uapopuofo yunuufe una npe-
papeua op popuokpajuufe rpkorauu, opuocuo op kneeefuuuufe, kako ufo ru uapekon Cnpo-
cfpauoe. Ha 17 okforepu 1859 r., eeepfa no pea acof no fypcku, yunuufefo uno safeo-
peuo, , .

(1896: 4).
29

popuof uauu pa ce pacnnarfeno uauuouanuofo yecfeo opuocuo uauuouan-
uafa ceecf. Oeoj ceoj npuop Munapuuoe ro cyrepupan u ua ppyrufe yufenu uu-
pyr Makepouuja. Boepuo foj ce rpuen u sa cuapyeanefo ua yunuufafa co
yeuuuu u ppyru yunuuuu norarana, apan uauuu sa oesepyeane cfuneu-
puu sa ukonyeane ua rnapufe eo cfpaucfeo, uuuuupan upeu sa ofeopane ne-
afuuuu u pucfpuyuuja ua eecuuuu sa ufo ceepou u copaofkafa co puno-
euu, koj eo cknon ua neafuuuafa eo Conyu ofeopun u kuuupuuua. Bnujauue-
fo ua urufpuja eps pakafa punoeu uno ronero, na nokpaj copaofkafa
eo Conyu, foj copaofyean u okony akfueuocfufe eo Kykyu (kako u co Hako Cfa-
uuuee u ppyrufe npeeuuu).



Foneru une sanoufe ua urufpuja Munapuuoe sa ucnpakane ua rna-
pu peua ua ukonyeane eo Uapurpap (Kocfa Hayroe epauuu) u eo Pycuja
(Koucfaufuu Munapuuoe, Pajko Xuusuqoe, Hukona enueauoe, Feopru Cfare-
uoe, Auppej Cfojauoe) sa ufo ceepoufeo uaorare eo sanucufe op ueroeufe ye-
uuuu kako u eo ueroeafa kopecnopeuuuja. Hekou nak oeaa ueroea npoceefufen-
cka uuuuujafuea ja fonkyeane norpeuuo u nopapu foa ro uakneeefune kaj enac-
fufe. Munapuuoe ue ce nnauen op uenpujafenufe, kako ufo eneu Cnpocfpa-
uoe, fyky uanpofue, nopfeyeauo u xepojcku cu ja epuen ceojafa paofa. Eefur
saenean peka uajpoap uorpaq ua . Munapuuoe u un Auppouuk Jocuq-
ee 90- ropuueu cfapeu, ueroe yeuuk, ppyrap-yufen, koro Cnpocfpauoe ro
nokauun pa uanuue ueufo, sa pa u ue nuuen op eauufe uacfauu ufo foj ru
suaen.
urufpuja Munapuuoe co papocf nuuyean sa ycnexof ua ceoufe yeuuuu,
ocoeuo ue ja kpuen papocfa kora ycneean pa ucnpafu rnapu nyre ua ukonyea-
ne eo Pycuja kako ufo e eo nucrofo po K. A. Poee op 28 jyuu 1858, Kykyu, eo
koe cfauyea cfauyea sop sa ucnpakane cfypeufu eo Pycuja npu ufo . Muna-
puuoe ucfakuan peka op Tpakuja saruuane 6 rnapu, op Musuja 6, a op Makepo-
uuja caro ocyr nopapu no-ronerofo uesuaene u (pyxoeuafa) feruuua (Traj-
kov, 1964:62). Heroeafa papocf una yufe noronera kora rnapufe yeuuuu
fpeane pa ce epafaf na co yufe noronera eocxufeuocf ru poekyean: A paf
ru op Mockea ru nuuyea peka ua nponef peuune [!] pa pojpaf eo Kykyu cufe
epa kou ce co poap ycnex ua acoeufe u ua ropanuocfa
(Hcfofo, 95).



Bo nufepafypuofo uacnepcfeo ua urufpuja Munapuuoe eeupeufupauu
ce uekonky nynuuucfuku fpypoeu eo e. Uaperpapcku eecfuuk (27 qeepyapuja
1860, p. 472; ucfofo; 2 anpunuja 1860, p. 477 u 7 rauja 1860, p. 482) sa kou
ue uuqoprupa Bauo Tyueecku koj eneu peka une uanuuauu ua cfpyuko-
oxpupckuof pujanekf u peka eo npeufe pee nuuyean sa nojaeafa ua cnoeeucko-
fo yunuufe, sa uepeuocfa kou Knureufoeuof nuk, sa cnyufe ua cnaejau-
cku jasuk eo upkeufe, a eo npeocfauafufe pee nuuyean npofue qauapuofckafa
nafpujapuuja, nofouo, eo epuofo sa snopenafa ua qauapuofckuof enapuka
uouucuj eo Oxpup, a eo efopuof sa uajusocfpeuufe uacfauu okony poaranefo
ua rpkuof enapuka Menefuj (Tyueecku, 2003:42-48).
30
- -
Kaj Heau Xaoe ro cpefuyeare nopafokof peka . Munapuuoe un ponuc-
uuk ua Uaperpapcku eecuuk u ua yuaecku neep u peka cufe ponucku ry u-
ne op Cfpyra u Oxpup, kou urane crucna ua opyje eo sanouafafa uapopua
opa (Had'ovq, 1944:162-164).
Bo oeoj pen ke ru cnoreuere u fpufe cnoea, npeufe pee cnoea ce uap-
rpouu u ce nuuyeauu eo 1830 u 1833 ropuua. Toa un nepuopof kora urufpu-
ja ue ro nosuaean cnoeeuckofo nucro, na op faa npuuua cnoeafa ru npeeen ua
oxpupcko-cfpyuku uapopeu roeop u ru uanuuan co rpku opforpaqcku cucfer
(Benee, 2001:69). Tpefofo cnoeo uno noprofeeuo eo 1860 r. popeka yufeny-
ean eo Cfpyra, no noeop kpajof ua yeuafa ropuua. Oea e ucfakuafo op uruf-
ap Mafoe eo ueroeafa kpafka uorpaqcka eneuka sa Rpnuee, ua cfpaua 166,
eo efopafa qycuofa, eo koja cfou: Kaj epeu popuuua ua Munapuuoeuu jac eu-
poe co ceoufe ou ronufea u cnoeo, uanuuauu op Munapuuoe ua cfpyuku ro-
eop, co rpku ykeu. Bo oeoj koufekcf ke ro ucfakuere u oua ufo Mafoe ro sa-
nean npu onuuyeanefo ua Rpnueeafa opa npofue rpuusrof, npu ufo uc-
fakuan peka faa ce opeueana ua noea koja po epeu cfeneu una noprofeeua
op Munapuuoe (Matovq, 1895:160).
Eeneufa e u npeseufauujafa ua ua . Munapuuoe, op 1
jauyapu 1841 uanuuau ua cfpyuku uapopeu roeop, co koj noonuupuo ue sanos-
uaea Hnuja Benee eo cfypujafa .



3a urufpuja Munapuuoe ocoeuo una suaajua ynofpeafa u aqupru-
pauujafa ua rajuuof jasuk. 3a ueroeafa nyoe u rpua kou popuuof roeop E.
Cnpocfpauoe eo uanucof Mafepujanu sa uorpaqujafa ua pakafa Munapuuoe-
uu, uanuuau no noeop 50 ropuuu op uueuafa crpf saenean: . Munapuuoe
nuuyea ua ucf oxpupcku pujanekf co ranu npurecu op coepereuufe nufepa-
fypuu sopoeu u uspasu. Pefa ry e eosypnuea, rucnufe ry feaf cnoopuo
(Sprostranovq, 1912:17-30).
Heroeafa rpua kou rajuuof jasuk ce nofeppyea u op ueroeafa uuuuuja-
fuea pa uanuue rparafuka, nofoa op sanuuyeanefo ua uapopuufe yrofeopu,
op ueroeufe cekojpueeuu npepaeane u nuuyeana ua nekuuu ua rajuu jasuk uj
npuseyk u ro npeuecyean caro eo yunuufafa fyky u eo upkeufe. Toj peuufen-
uo sacfauan npofue ynofpeafa ua rpkuof jasuk eo yunuufafa u upkeufe u co
foa foj akfueuo yecfeyean u eo uauuouanuofo paspauyeane ua rakepouckuof
uapop, eo fpacupanefo ua ueroeuof op no npoceefufencko-npepopeucku naf,
eo ueroeafa opafa sa carocfojua rakepoucka upkea, opuocuo sa ouoea ua
Oxpupckafa apxuenuckonuja. -
, ucfakuan Cnpocfpauoe, ce cnyun eo Oxpup ua 25 pekerepu, pe-
uof ua Xpucfoeofo parane. Ha oeoj roner xpucfujaucku npasuuk eo 1859 r., yr-
pen oxpupckuof rufpononuf Joauuku u oxpurauu eepuau ucnpafune
useecfyeane po Rafpujapuujafa eo koe apane sa apxuepej pa upe uasuaeu
Aekceufuj Beneuku unu Hnapuou Makapuononcku, a no coeef ua . Munapuuoe,
unu Aufur Bupuucku. Op ppyrafa cfpaua npucfuruana eecfa sa uasuayeanefo
ua Menefuj sa oxpupckuof apxuepejcku npecfon u co foa oxpurauu ja sanouane
yufe noocfpo opafa npofue Rafpujapuujafa, koja u nokpaj snopenafa ua Me-
nefuj, co norou ua epua rana rpyna orafu rparauu, oxpurauu ja eopene 15 ro-
puuu. 3anouafofo co Mycfpeeofo yunuufe npoponuno. Taa upeja neckana
31

u op nponoeepufe ua packan Mufpe Munapuuoe koj cekojpueeuo ur nponoee-
pan ua rparauufe pa ro ofqpnaf rpkuof jasuk op yunuufafa, pa ce ofkaaf op
Rafpujapuujafa u pa ce opaf sa carocfojua upkea. Toa ce cnyyeano no uero-
eofo epakane op oukonkafa ufo ja uanpaeun no Makepouuja co ceojof paf
Hayr Munapuuoe, npu koja pakafa Munapuuoeuu kynyeane cfapu kuuru u pako-
nucu, coupane napu u yene. Heroeafa uen una pa arufupa, pa nponoeepa, pa
ro noffukuyea uapopof u (Sprostranovq,
1896:8).
urufpuja Munapuuoe kako eo Oxpup faka u eo Kykyu npakfukyean uekou
penoeu op orocnyufe eo upkea pa ce kayeaaf u ufaaf ua uapopeu jasuk,
nopapu ufo op upkeufe ce noecfo ce cnyuane ceeufeuuuufe ... pa eenaf
eeaurenuefo ua rakepoucko-yrapcku, yeuuuufe pa ufaaf uerpe-rope anocfon
npeeepeu op rpku ua rakepoucku (Had'ovq, 1944:27).

-

3auaajua e ynorafa ua . Munapuuoe ufo ja opurpan u eo Kykyukafa
enapxuja. Kou cpepuuafa ua 19 eek, Kykyu un paseueu fproecku rpap u eo uero
uno paspauyeauo upkoeuo-npoceefuofo peuene npofue rpuusrof koe un
pacnnarfeuo u op orpasafa kou forauuuof enapuka Menefuj (uasuaeu 1848) u
koj epuen fepop eps uaceneuuefo. Bo opafa sa coyeyeane ua concfeeuuof
upeufufef, ua cnoeeuckafa fpapuuuja u eo onpepenafa uepcfo pa ce sacfaue
npofue Rafpujapuujafa usnesof u cnacof kykyuauu ro rnepana eo nukof u peno-
fo ua urufpuja Munapuuoe. Fpapckufe npeeuuu ro nokauune . Munapuuoe
ceojafa npoceefufencko-npepopeucka pejuocf pa ja usepuyea eo Kykyu, na eo
nepuopof op 1857-1859 ropuua, urufpuja saepuo co ceojof yeuuknorouuuk
Pajko Xuusuqoe ja usepuyean ceojafa npoceefuo uauuouanua rucuja rery uue.
Ho u nokpaj cunuo pasypeuuof cnoeeucku pyx u opafa npofue rpuusrof, ka-
fonukafa rucuja ja npoponyeana ceojafa akfueuocf. Bo Conyu eo 1858 ropu-
ua uno ofeopeuo kafonuko yunuufe u upejafa sa yuuja co Purokafonukafa
upkea sanouana pa pouea nouupoku pureusuu. Pyckafa punnorafuja sano-
uana pa cfpaeyea op oeaa upeja, na eo 1858 ropuua ru ucnpafuna npefcfaeuu-
uufe ua Mockoeckuof cnoeeucku korufef, Pauucku u Jyakoe, kou sa noycneu-
uo enujauue eps kykyukofo uaceneuue, co cee ja pouene pouypafa ua 4ne-
poe , npeeepeua ua
cfpyuku pujanekf u noprofeeua co npeproeop op cfpaua ua Koucfaufuu Muna-
puuoe. Rpufoa Pauucku u Jyakoe eo ucnonuyeanefo ua rucujafa une nop-
ppauu op urufpuja Munapuuoe.



urufpuja Munapuuoe roe pa ro epoure u eo cnepeuuuufe ua pa-
rackuuapckafa fpapuuuja, upejku parackuuapckuof npuseyk ruory cunuo ce
yecfeyean eo ruorypojuufe cnoea u ecepu, kou cekojpueeuo une uausycf
kayeauu op npoceefufenufe, npeeucfeeuo yufenufe, eo yunuufafa unu eo
upkeufe, kou cnyene sa ypene u oppene ua rakepouckafa uauuouanua
ceecf. Bo qoupof ua Lankapee eo EAH, ce uaora fefpafka op 96 nucfa, co uap-
rpouu u noyufenuu cnoea ua . Munapuuoe, F. Ronoe, F. Joauoe u J. Cfpesoe,
npousueceuu eo Oxpup (1830-1849) (Lankapee, q. 15, n.96).

32
- -


Mouocfa pa ro akfyenusupa jasuuofo npauane opuocuo pa ro aqupru-
pa rakepouckuof jasuk . Munapuuoe ja uckopucfun u npeky coupanefo ua ua-
popuufe yrofeopu. Bo rakepouckuof npoceefufencku nepuop coupanefo ua-
popuu yrofeopu una cekojpueeua akfueuocf ue caro ua coupaufe, fyky yc-
noeuo kaauo u ua rakepouckuof uapop. Mery npeufe koj un ceeceu sa suae-
nefo u ynorafa ua coupanefo ua uapopuufe yrofeopu un . Munapuuoe.
Oea ro ucfakuan u Mapko Ueneukoe eo ceojafa , koj ue un
epuucfeeuuof koj fpruan no ueroeufe cfanku.
Boepuo ke ucfakuere peka urufpuja Munapuuoe eo uapopuofo oraf-
cfeo ue rnepan caro npeuocuuk u saufufuuuk ua uauefo kynfypuofo uacnep-
cfeo fyky eo uero ja rnepan uckpafa ua uapopuofo ypene, eo koe una npeue-
ceua nyoefa kou fafkoeuuafa u kou jyuaufeofo ocoeuo npeky ajpykufe u jy-
uakufe necuu. Ro ueroeufe cfanku fpruane ruoryruua, u foa ue caro ueroeufe
pupekfuu yeuuuu, fyky u ppyru npepopeuuuu op 19 eek: Kysrau Lankapee,
Rauajof Fuuocku, Bacun Hkouoroe, Eefur Cnpocfpauoe, pakafa Kocfeuueeu,
J. X. K. Uuuof, Rapfeuuj 3orpaqcku, Fopruja Ryneecku ufu.
Eeneufo e ufo oeaa uuuuujafuea nofoa urufpuja, a u ppyrufe coupa-
u ua uapopuu yrofeopu, ru uacoyeana u eo ppyru noeoseuueuu uacoku: co-
pauuof rafepujan pa ce ojaeu, pa ce nonynapusupa rery uaceneuuefo u pa
ce aquprupa rery ppyrufe uapopu. Op copauuof rafepujan, op jasuuofo o-
rafcfeo ufo ro urane npep cee coupaufe uaeneryeane u eo ppyra uuuuuja-
fuea - oqopryeane ua rakepoucku nufepafypeu jasuk u ueroeo npoyyeane
eps uayua ocuoea, op ufo npousnerne cfypuu kako op . Munapuuoe, R. 3o-
rpaqcku, E. Cnpocfpauoe, T. Kufauee, . Mafoe, . Mupee, K. Lankapee u
ruory ppyru.
urufpuja Munapuuoe un Rpurepof u pyxoeuuof eopu ua rakepou-
ckafa kuueeuocf eo 19 eek, pakafa Munapuuoeuu ce nereupa u cfeapuocf
ucfakuyea Fopau Kanorepa, kako ufo u ja uacnoeun kuurafa noceefeua ua pa-
kafa Munapuuoeuu.
opeka sa 3opuukof ua pakafa Munapuuoeuu, sa faa yfpuucka necua
ua rakepouckafa npepopa u sa faa ceefa kuura sa cekoj Makepoueu, kako
ufo runyeaue pa ro uapee Faue Topopoecku, ckopo pa uera uayuuk eo rake-
pouckafa uayka koj ue ce npousuen sa ueroeofo suaene u ueroeafa eoseuue-
uocf.



Kaj urufpuja Munapuuoe ja eneure u uayuafa akfueuocf npeky co-
upanefo ua cfapu pakonucu. Heau Xaoe ue useecfyea peka . Munapuuoe
npu nocefafa ua Eenrpap ua rysejof ry nopapun epeu cfap pakonuc eo koj ce
sopyeano sa uesaeucuafa Oxpupcka nafpujapuuja-apxuenuckonuja (Had'ovq,
1944:34).
Hufepecof kou cfapufe kynfypuu cnoreuuuu eeupeufupau e u eo -
ua pakafa Munapuuoeuu. Bo nucrofo op . Munapuuoe, Oxpup, ucnpafe-
uo po Bukfop He. Fpuropoeu, Bueua, op 25 qeepyapu 1846 r., urufpuja us-
eecfyea peka coupan uapopuu necuu, peka co cenauufe op Fnaeuuuua apane
kareuu uafnucu u peka paofen ua rparafuka (Trajkov, 1964:15).
33

Bcyuuocf ua pakafa Munapuuoeuu uu paea rouocf pa ja
cornepare uueuafa noeekeuacoua pejuocf: opafa npofue rpkofo pyxoeeu-
cfeo, npofue qauapuofufe, npofue Uapurpapckafa nafpujapuuja, npofue rpka-
fa nponaraupa, coupakafa akfueuocf, yufenckafa pejuocf, ocnocoyeanefo
ua upuufe uufenekfyanuu oeosroyeajku ur noconupuo opasoeauue, sauey-
eane u ueryeane ua uauuof cfap, useopeu jasuk, punnorafckafa paofa ufu,
ufu.




Fpuuja no ocnoopyeanefo ru sacununa ceoufe nponaraupu, ue caro eo
Makepouuja, fyky u eo reryuapopuafa punnorafuja. Ropapu foa urufpuja Mu-
napuuoe un cepfeu kou cnoeeucfeofo, a rnaeuuof uenpujafen koj ro nonpey-
ean paseojof ua cnoeeuckuof uanpepok uno rpkofo pyxoeeucfeo, uufpuraufc-
ka rauuua npofue cnoeeuckuof jasuk, sa ufo eneu eo nucrofo po Anekcau-
pap Ersapx, op 20 aerycf 1853, Eufona (Trajkov, 1964:19).
3a . Munapuuoe nopojof op rpkuof jasuk un uesappnue, ruoryruua
ce ukonyeane eo Afuua na cnopep uero co npuqakanefo ua rpkuof jasuk fue
sanouyeane pa ru reuyeaaf ouaufe, yecfeafa na u uapopuocfa. Cnacof op
fakeafa ueeonja ro rnepan eo cnoeeucfeofo. Bo nucrofo po npeeuuufe eo Ky-
kyu op 24 okforepu 1857, Cfpyra, . Munapuuoe saenean: Jac ckokar op
papocf, kora ro rnepar eauuof cfpere u nyoe kou uauuof rajuu jasuk, u
noceuo sa foa, peka ruoryruua op rnapufe u ceeufeuuuufe ce peuune epep-
uo, pa ro yaf cnoeeuckuof jasuk, faka ufo nocne uekonky receuu u roene
pa ja cnyuaaf oecfeeuafa cnya ua cfapuof uau npapepoe jasuk. Rorpeu-
uo rnepaaf ua eac Fpuufe. Hrafe cnoeeucku rpapu u nokayeajfe ru. ... uauuof
- , epeu op uajppeeuufe u orafu jasuuu, kako ro ua-
pekyeaaf . ... Bue npeu eo Hcfoua Makepouuja sanouyeafe pa ro
usyyeafe uauuof npapepoe jasuk, eue npeu ke ro oecrpfufe eo cnoeeuckafa
ucfopuja eo ceojafa fafkoeuua... (Hcfo, 39).
eka . Munapuuoe ro akfyenusupan rakepouckofo npauane ceepoufeo
uaorare u eo nucrofo po R. Ceeacfujauoe op 14 jyuu 1858, Kykyu, eo koe ecyu-
uocf ce cornepyea uanopof ua urufpuja pa ja sanosuae pyckafa uayua rucna
co rakepouckofo kynfypuo uacnepcfeo. Toj eo nucrofo saenean peka ry uc-
npafun neprareufuu npenucu, ukoua ua eeaurenucfof Mapko, xapfueuu nucfo-
eu, pakonucuu cnoreuuuu ua xapfuja, rouefu, u peka ke ry ucnpafu eeaurenuja,
ncanfupu u ppyru upkoeuu kuuru, a ue ucfopucku, nuuyeauu ua neprareuf u
xapfuja, okony 15. Boepuo uaeepyea peka ua A. 4. Funqeppuur u ua Eenrpap-
ckofo kuueeuo ppyufeo ur ucnpafun pasuu uafnucu, a ua O. Ouroe ry ucnpa-
fun nafeeopufen ua Makepouuja, co onucu ua rpapoeu, nnauuuu, cena (Hcfo,
49). Bo cnepuofo nucro po R. Ceeacfujauoe, 21 jyuu 1858, a ua koe ry npefxo-
peno oproeop op 17 jyuu, eo koe Ceeacfujauoe ry uanuuan peka ofkako ke ce
epafen eo Refporpap, ke pejcfeyean sa norou ua kykyuauu, . Munapuuoe sa-
enean: ... Mecuufe ufenu ce co esrpauuuo npusuauue, safoa eu ro sanu-
uaa eauefo ure eo upkoeuuof u yunuuuuof koupak sa pa ce narefu... Enaro-
papuocfa kou Bauefo oeekonyue ocfauyea poueofuo eo Makepouuja (Hcfo,
53-54). Bo oea noouupuo nucro eneuf e u nopafokof peka ucnpafun u ofne-
afok ua xapfuja ua koj urano uafnuc co pee rakepoucku uruna (Hcfo, 49). Bo
34
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nucrofo po R. Ceeacfujauoe op 2 aerycf 1858, Kykyu, saenean peka Mojof
nokpoeufen u ua paf ru u ua uena Makepouuja, noufyeauuof R.
C[eeacfujauoe], koj eo upuuua ke upe uapeeu u Makepoucku, ako caka, ueka
ru uapepu pa ucnpakar op fyka yufe rouefu..... Bo npoponeuue useecfyea
peka ua Ouroe ry ucnpafun noppoeu onuc sa Makepouuja, peka ua paf ry ry
ucnpafun necuu op Oxpup, Cfpyra, Kocfyp, Eufona, Benec u Kykyu, onucu ua
pasuu opepu, npukasuu, rafauku u nocnoeuuu, cufe rakepouoyrapcku, ocfafo-
uu op npefpneuuof poponor ua uauuof rajuu jasuk (Hcfo, 69).
3uau eo noeekefo useecfyeana unu naropapuocfu foj eneu peka foa
ufo ro ucnpakan ce opuecyeano caro sa Makepouuja. Bo foj nepuop pen op pyc-
kafa uayka ja cornepana pasnuuocfa rery rakepouckuof u yrapckuof uapop,
fepufopuja u upeufufef. 3a uejsuuuof uufepec, sa Makepouuja u rakepouckofo
npauane, roe pa noceepou u nucrofo op pepakuujafa ua pyckofo cnucauue
eo koe ce eenu peka op noefokof ua 1859 ropuua eo Mockea ke sanoueno us-
neryeanefo ua nepuopuuofo cnucauue, uja uen ke una pa ce sanosuaaf Py-
cufe co Bauafa fafkoeuua (Hcfo, 80). Ropapu foa fue apane copaofuuuu
kou ke ucnpakane fpypoeu sa nonufukuof, pyxoeuuof u cerejuuof ueof u peka
uueuofo uspauue ke nocnyeno kako nocpepuuk rery Cnoeeuufe op jyuufe
cfpauu u Mockea, nopapu ufo . Munapuuoe, kako u ruoryruua po epeu usee-
ceu nepuop, norou eo opafa npofue rpkafa nponaraupa, npofue qauapuofu-
fe, a u npofue Ocraunuckafa urepuja rnepane eo Pycuja.



H nocne uusa ropuuu, eekoeu, u nocne uusa ucfpayeana u fekcfoeu
npep uac ceyufe cfou ponrof pa ro npoyyeare ueofuuof u feopekuof naf ua
urufpuja Munapuuoe, pa ru poojacuyeare ueroeufe nofqafu upejku ua foa
ykayeaaf u nopakufe ua ueroeufe coeekoeuu.
Refap parauoe ucfakuan: Hajrnaeuuof qakfop kou sacuneuofo pacnpoc-
fpauyeane ua cnaejauckufe sopoeu eo Makepouuja u npufoa ua rouue cunua-
fa u uupoka ocuoea cnyu ua npepopafa ua rakepouckofo cnaejaucfeo u usy-
yeanefo ua rakepouckuof jasuk eo npoceefuufe ycfauoeu. Tafkofo ua fakeafa
npepopa, es corueuue, fpea pa ce crefa eucokoopasoeauuof suareuuf
rakepoucku peeu urufpuja Munapuuoe (Topopoecku, 1985:25);
H. Basoe eo necuafa Epaka Munapuuoeu, uanuuaua no noeop 25-ropuu-
uuuafa op crpffa ua nosuafufe rakepoucku nafpuofu . Munapuuoeu noeuky-
ean pa: / .... / Pefajfe, eefe, -
/ ... / ueuof Kpanu-Mapko! Cecnoeeucka cnaea, ... / .../ ...
/ Rejfe ru npu Cfpyra, rpap yae u cfap, / Kape ce popuja peajuafa Munapuuoe-
uu / Ha Makepouuja peafa eepuu cuua / ... / Hanpaeuja pa ekuaf xuruu jacuu
Eory / Ha jasuk norpeau op eekoeu ruory/ ... (nopeneeuofo r..) (Basoe,
1887:1).

:

Bratx Miladinovi Prepiska izdiril, komentiral i redaktiral Trajkov, N:
(1964), BAN, Sofix.
Benee, Hnuja: (2001), , , cenapaf,
HHH, Ckonje.
35

Kalogjera, Goran: (2001), Braa Miladinovi legenda i zbilja, HFD, Rijeka.
Matovq, Dimitar: (1895), Gr. S. Pqrli=evq, Bqlgarski Prqegledw, god. II, kn.
IV-V, fev-mart, Sofix.
Rpnuee, Fpurop: (1995), , efcka papocf, Ckonje.
Sprostranovq, Evtim: (1896), Po vqzra'danweto vq gradq Ohridq, Otdelenq
otpe=atqkq otq Sbornikq za narodni umotvorenix, nauka i kni'nina, kn.
XIII, Sofix.
Sprostranovq, Evtim: (1912), U=ili]enq prygledq, god. XVII, kn. 1, Sofix.
Topopoecku, Faue: (1985), , Mucna, Ckonje.
Tyueecku, Bauo: (2003), Rynuuucfukafa ua urufpuja Munapuuoe, , rop.
21, p. 41-42, HMP, Ckonje.
Had'ovq, Ivanq: (1944), Bratx Dimitqrq i Konstantinq Miladinovi, Sofix.
Lankapee, Kysrau, EAH, 4. 15, ap. ep. 71, n. 96.
EHA, (1887), 4. 100, Basoe, H., Epafun Munapuuoeu, Makepoucku rnacL, p. 35.
36






REVIVAL DIMITRIJA MILADINOV
(200 years after his birth)

Valentina Mironska - Hristovska

(Summary)


One of the leading figures in the Macedonian 19-th century is Dimitrija
Miladinov, whose name remains for ever observed and binding to the Macedonian
people. The activity of Dimitirija Miladinov is multifaceted. From teacher activity,
through his patron role over his students and collecting of folk works, publishing
segment, national revival and diplomatic activities, updating the Macedonian
cultural heritage, as well as continuing a damascenes tradition he was dives in
solving of the most important national issues in the 19th century: the affirmation of
the Macedonian language, the fight against the Ecumenical Patriarchate, the
renewal of Archiepiscopacy of Ohrid, the fight for the human rights, putting them
under common denominator storage of Macedonia identity.

37


821.163.3 - 341.09
Hseopeu uayeu fpyp



:


-

. ,


: ; 19.
keywords: narrative, macedonian literature 19 century


Rojaeafa ua Cfojau Eooe euecyea uoeu u concfeeuu feru u rofueu u
noefuka eo rakepouckuof packas. Xyropucfuuofo npukayeane cekorau pe-
uupuo pononuefo kako cnuku op ueofof ua Mapeauufe npefcfaeyea ceoeeup-
ua eecena ucfopuja sa nyre u cnyku, eperuna u uacfauu op reufanufefof u
fpapuuujafa ua Cepcko u Heepokoncko. Kako yufen u peeonyuuouep, kako
qonknopucf, packayea u noef nocfojauo un cpepe uapopof. Xueen u oncfo-
jyean, konueen u cfpapan saepuo co uero. H uran rouocf useoupepuo popo
pa ja sanosuae oeekafa pyua, ueroeuof kapakfep, u noceuo pa ro eoou uu-
pueupyanuofo, noceuofo, cyjekfueuofo. Kako packayea noceruan no oee-
kufe cnaocfu u raauu, ponpen eo nofajuufe rucnu u yecfea, eo rppufe uaeu-
ku u nocfanku, ja ofkpun uckpueeuafa cnuka unu nofouo ouaa nofceecua coc-
foja ua oeekuof erousar. -oeekof, koj e cpekeu u sapoeoneu car co cee,
epuocfaeuo crefa ofu ceefof u ueofof nouyeaaf u saepuyeaaf co uero. Bo
faa carousrara nucafenof ru cospaea ceoufe xyropucfuuu packasu kou ce
ufaaf co necuofuja u co uufepec, a eo kou ura epua ceoeeupua -exoecka af-
rocqepa u po consu creuuu cnyku kako ouue kaj Joeau Cfepuja Ronoeuk.
Cfojau Eooe ojaeun pee kuuru packasu epo Beno u pepo Mufo
(Ckonje, 1891) u Ceeforopckuof earnup (Coquja, 1892), a co ceou packasu co-
paofyean u eo Kuuuuu sa npouf (Conyu, 1891-1895). 1) Rucafenckafa pap-
a u concfeeuuof ceef cyeepeuo ru nofeppyea yufe co npeafa kuura epo
Beno u pepo Mufo. 2) Bo nopuacnoeof sanuuan ofu foa e packas op ueofof
ua Mapeauufe. Aefopckafa upeufuqukauuja e co kpafeukufe C. . E-oe, co kou
eo pasnuuu eapujaufu ru nofnuuyean ceoufe feopeku ojaeu. Packasof e coc-
faeeu op uecf noranu u noroneru npukasuu kou npaeaf epua xororeua uenuua,
uo cekoja op uue roe pa ce ufa u pa upe eocnpueraua u kako noceua feop-
a.
Rpeafa npukasua e noceefeua ua cenofo Xaufoeo, epuo op nosuafufe
rapeauku cena, crecfeuo cpepe kapnu rery kou u sajakof feuko roe pa ce
38
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peuu, a nak serjuufefo uno fakeo ufo uuufo ue parano. Heouuofo ceno e
cekako ceoeeupeu yeop u eo ueouuocfa ua packasof. Heouuo ceno, foa
noppasupa ofu u nyrefo u une ueouuu. Takeafa uufpura nocfojauo u eoe-
nekyea eo recfofo ua uacfauufe. Ynuuufe eo cenofo une fonky uupoku, ufo u
uafoeapeuo rarape co npaku feuko ruuyeano uus uue. Kykufe une usrpapeuu
ua kapnu, faka ufo uerano onacuocf uekorau pa nofouaf. Hrane pea kafa,
ponuuof un sa poufokof, a ua ropuuof une nyrefo u nokykuuuafa. Supoeufe
ue une ranfepucauu, uerano nposopuu, a nokpueof un fakoe ufo uus uero
cnoopuo roen pa eneryea ucfuof eospyx u op pynkufe eo uero pa ce rnepa-
af uoeufe yfpuuu. Bpafafa ouuo una op peenu u rpanaeu ufuuu, a ce ofeo-
pana u ce safeopana co raupanka.
Buafpe eo kykafa urano coepueu pep u cufe ueufa une ua ceoufe rec-
fa. Ha epua cfpaua une nacfprafa u cnauuuafa, ua epuo recfo une yukufe,
ua ppyro recfo paconof u pepyr faka po ranufe u roneru, po nonuufe unu
npasuu rpuuna. Hcnpauufe anuufa une cnpocfpeuu ua jauna, a ouue ueuc-
fufe sa nepene une sap epafafa. Oruuufefo uno uupoko u eo uero ropen
orau op paoeu kopena u rapoeu npaku. Oauufe une faka rajcfopcku ua-
npaeeuu ufo apof ue roen pa usneryea uapeop, fyky ce uspuruyean kako o-
nak op eefap. Hap oruof eucene capoeufe eo kou ce eapene japenafa. Okony
uero, ua ranu ppeeuu cfonuna cepene porauuufe u ce rpeene. A fary uno
fonky fonno ufo ce popuna nocnoeuuafa opuanpep nee, opsapu cee. Cfype-
uuof por ce coppen eo pacypyeanefo ua Mapeauufe ofu oeekof sa pa upe
sppae, ue fpeano pa ueee ua fonnuua, saufo faa ro onyufana, aru ry un
nofpeeu cfypof koj ro cferuyean.
Hcnapyeanafa ua rypueofo op poufokof ce reuano co pasuufe rupucu
op pacunaua senka, ruunu yuku, sacfoeua noj, npecuu kou u ppyro u ro uafe-
pane oeekof pa ro safeopu uocof u eo epua popo ranfepucaua coa. Ho, foa
u ue uno nofpeuo. -ucfuof eospyx uran npucfan op cufe cfpauu, a u nyrefo
roeu ro usryune yecfeofo sa rupuc, unu nak epuocfaeuo ce uaeukuane
crppeafa pa ja uraaf kako rupuc. Kykufe une saneneuu epua po ppyra, faka
ufo u nepecef kyku urane epeu saepuuku nokpue. Cenauufe une popu u
fpyponyueu, cu ru rnepane ceoufe paofu. Hekou une oeapu, ppyru opau,
fpefu konane kopena u npaeene kyryp, koeau u nekapu. Hrane pasnuuu npo-
qecuu, ara cufe po epeu kpapene kosu. H saper foa e cparofa, eenaf fue, foj
sauaef eo rupas uu ro ocfaeune uauufe pepoeuu.
Heouuofo u ypecuofo ceno Xaufoeo e npocfop op koj caru no cee ke
nofeaf u npekpacuufe npukasuu. Bo foa nnauuucko ceno eo koe uuufo ue pac-
feno, ue eupeeno, u caruof sajak feuko ce peuen no karenafa, kakeu nu nyre
ueeaf eo uero? -ypofo e kornnefuo, saufo fue urane pasuu sauaefu, uo cufe
po epeu kpapene kosu. Ropafok koj car no cee usuypyea uacreeka. Ja nofkpe-
ea packayeakafa sarafka. A eo foa u uerano uuufo cparuo, saufo kpapene-
fo kosu ce npeuecyeano op koneuo ua koneuo u foa fu uno ucfa xaufoecka
fpapuuuja. Kpafkafa npukasua sa uecekojpueeuofo ceno ce ufa kako noceua
nposua uenuua.
Epuocfaeuofo u uufpecuofo, ryppofo u eecenofo packayeane co uckyc-
feofo ua esureuuof uapopeu reuuj / uapafop, nucafenof ro noceepoyea u eo
ppyrufe penoeu op feopafa. Bo efopafa npukasua Eooe ue sanosuaea co
epeu op ceoufe pea rnaeuu nuka, co pepo Beno. Xueeen foj eo foa cnaeuo ce-
no, fa konky ypuo uno cenofo, fonky noypeu un caruof pepo. Heouuocfa
39
:
aefopof ja npureuyea u eo ueroeuof qusuku onuc. Eun eucok, sa pea npcfa no-
kyc op pecef nepu. Rpae kako op, cye kako ufuua. Bpafof ry un ponr u feuok.
Hran raneka rnaea, no koja ocfauane caro uekonky enu enakua. Rop rycfufe
eeru une peefe raneku cueu ou. H oua ufo e uajufuofo, foa une ypokpnu-
eu ou. Koro ke ro nornepuene aup ue eupyean. Hocof ry uanukyean ua opnoe
knyu, nop koj cfpene pee npareuuna ocfpa cepeeua eonua. Hacnpera rana-
fa rnaea, op ronerafa ycfa cfpene enufe eonju sau. Co uue pepo Beno ka-
ko rore ro packuuyean uepoeapeuofo kpapeuo reco.
Ha rnaeafa nocfojauo uocen rano qece ufo ry ro kynun fafko ry kora
un rore sa cepuyeaka. Cera uran uecef u pee ropuuu. a ue ry naran qe-
cof op rnaeafa kora pyean eefap, ro saeufkyear co ena kpna, koja ueroeafa
eepua eua aa Pya, ry ja nopapuna kako rnap sef. Onekafa ry una kako
u ua cufe Mapeauu. Aefopof eo pefanu ja paea raukafa rapeauka uocuja u foa
ce pen op pepoeufe kou uraaf uecorueua efuorpaqcka epepuocf. epo Beno
un oeap u paofen ua neka. 3uruo epere paofen eo cenckafa enesua
neka, a eo nponef u nefo cu ru nacen oeuufe u kosufe.
Cfapeuof uran popa noruuyeaka. Ronua ry una kykafa, uran saufe-
peuo u no uekoja onfuka sa sno epere, u un fafko ua efupu eucku peua.
Cufe upuooku, eufku u eucoku. Mapa eo sure ru nacena oeuufe, Bapeapa kosu-
fe, Fena co rarapefo opena no ppea, a Bena u norarana ua rajka cu no kyku.
opu une paofufe ua pepo Beno, ara foj uukorau u op uuufo ue un sapo-
eoneu. Cefo oua ufo ro uran ry ce rnepano ranky u nouo, a fyrofo nocfojauo
ry uno u popo u ruory. H foa e epua oeeka cnaocf. Efe soufo foj uuko-
rau ue suae pa ce noqanu ofu ura ueufo, fyky cekoro koro ke ro cpefue ry ce
onnakyea. Herano noruu, uerano ueof, caro foa ro noefopyean. Kako pa ue
yreen pa kae ueufo noeeke op foa.
Japen caro upeeua yppa, uako uran u racno u cupene, kosu u oeuu.
Macnofo u cupenefo ru npopaean sa napuku, a kosufe u oeuufe ru yean sa ko-
nene u sa npopaeane ua reco. Japen foj u cupene u reco, ara caro eo fyrufe
kyku, fa forau ronfan kako cepcku ueon. Cekoja uepena op fyrufe cfapa kpa-
pen no pea oeua. Eun cfpaueu recojapeu, epuo jape japen opepuau, fa u rupu-
can ua rpanuea nfuua. Bo faa rpofecka, aefopof npaeu npecepf, saufo nokpaj
cefo kaauo foj cenak ue roe pa upe onaceu oeek. Haeucfuua pakafa ry u-
na ranky noponra, uo ufo op foa! Rouekorau foj nofkpapyea, uo caro cufuu
paofu. Lfo ura eo foa ako ykpape uekoja kosa unu oeeue? H koj ue kpape re-
co eo Xaufoeo? Toa uno saepuuko pocfouucfeo sa cufe xaufoeuu. Ara ofu
pepo Beno kpape u ceuo op nneeuufe, opforu u jauna op rarapunafa ua ny-
refo unu, nak, ke ce uafoeapu fyru ppea u kopena, unu ke ce ckuue nepecef-
ueecef knaeuna op neuuuafa ua ppyrufe, saper foa e ronera paofa.
Heouuofo ceno op npeafa npukasua u ueouuuof cenaueu op efopafa
npukasua saepuuku ja rpapaf raruuafa peanuocf. Toa ufo pepo Beno kpa-
pen, uukoj ue rucnen ofu ro npaeu saufo uran nouo cpue, aru epuocfaeuo
faka ce uayun u safoa ufo fyrofo ry uno noyaeo op ueroeofo. Toa uno o-
eeka cnaocf u ue roeno pa ce crefa sa roner rpee. Ancyppuufe cufyauuu
uus kou u eopu nucafenof, nocfojauo uypaf uoeu, ueoekyeauu koucfafauuu.
Op ppyra cfpaua, nak, un ruory kpofok oeek. Fnepan ua rpaeka pa ue srasu.
Kyfpuof un ruory nnaunue. Kora kpapen, foa ro npaeen ckpuuuo, forau kora u
Focnop cnuen. Ce nnauen saufo xaufoeuufe urane nouu, cfpauuu uaeuku.
Hueuafa caroynpaea kora uekoj un qafeu eo kpapene, cypoeo ro kasuyeana co
40
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cfpaueu kofek. Ho, foa u ue uno uajcfauuofo. Tyky rurof kora ynoeeuuof kpa-
peu sa npurep ua cufe, co fanauu un cnpoeepyeau no uenofo ceno. Ta safoa,
kora uekoj ke nofponan ua epafafa, pepo Beno ce fpecen kako nucf u apan op
ueroeafa eua pa kae ofu ue e pora, saruuan ua nonefo.
Euno ufo pa ce kaeno, uarnacyea aefopof, foj ue un fonky nou oeek.
Ho, u nokpaj foa, cufe ro rpasene. euafa, aufe, raufe, cfapu u rnapu,
cufe rnepane pa ue ro cpefuaf. 3aufo foj uran nouu, ypoknueu ou. Ke nornep-
uen nu oeek unu poufok, ru ypoyean. Mnapufe rajku ru kpuene ceoufe po-
u, yaeufe roru ceoufe enu nuua, opaufe seerapof eonoeu co kou ru opane
uueufe. Rpukasuafa sa ueouuuof pepo, ucnonuefa co xyrop u cafupa, anero-
puja u upouuja, ypuofo ro nocfaeyea u kako punera op kpajof ua npukasuafa.
anu uaeucfuua oufe ua pepo Beno urane uekakea cuna u panu fue une
npuuuafa sppaeu eonoeu fyky opepuau pa upkuaf, peuafa eo rur pa yrupaaf,
yaeufe peeojku kako ofkuuaf ueef pa ceeuaf, npekpacuu jyuauu kako cyeo ppeo
pa ce cfopaf, ua foa uera oproeop. Packayeaof koreufupa ofu u ueroeufe
ou ce kako oufe ua cufe ppyru nyre, caro ranky nocuekacfu. Ho, epuo e cenak
eucfuua, a foa e ofu fokry fue ou une npuuuafa cufe pa eraaf op uero kako
op kpacfaea kosa.
Tpefafa npukasua ry e noceefeua ua ppyruof jyuak pepo Mufo. He caro
ufo ueeene eo ucfo ceno, a une u uepaspenuu ppyrapu, fyky epeu ua ppyr
une nuka u npunuka kako pee cfpakuna jarnuka. Taka eenena aa Munka, a
aa Kaua popaeana kako pa une pea nusuaka op epua rajka. epo Mufo
Xupkafa, faka ro eukane sapapu ponrufe uose co kou uran ekopu op pea re-
fpa, un sa npcf u nonoeuua noeucok op ueroeuof ppyrap. Fnaeafa ry una
ponruaeecfa u rona, u op uea ue ja curuyean kanafa, uufy nak open eo upkea.
Puuefo ry uno cyeo, onfo u spkauo. Eun cye kako ufuua u ua ueroeuof
kapukafypaneu usrnep, aefopof ry ja npunenyea u kapakfepuafa ocoeuocf co
koja kako eucfuucku Aurnuaueu, ja uran cfpauuafa cfpacf pa ce onoyea. Bo
epuo fakeo onoyeane co Ranko Rankoe, sa nonoeuua onfuua usen kuno-
rpar con. apoeufuof nucafen-cafupuap ua noefokof op npukasuafa ja uarna-
cyea uejsuuafa ueouuocf u cekako, ja noenekyea uufpurafa sa ufafenof.
Rapapokcufe ce uauuyeaaf kako neckofuu ucepu op yaeo cfokreu
reppau. Uenofo ceno pekno ofu ke yrpe, uo no pea-fpu peua ckokuan kako cfap
eonk. Tpuecef u uecf ropuuu nocfojauo un eo cencka cnya. Ako ue un nap-
ap, forau un npoforep. Rpupopuo eucok, peucu konky Fonujaf, co nyuka ua
paro un cfpae u fpenef u sa ronero u sa rano. Cfpauuuof usrnep u cunuuof
rnac ue nponyufane fyr oeek pa cfanue eo nueapufe unu ropufe ua Xaufoeo.
Kyfpufe nyre, ry erane pypu u op rnacof. Bo fue ancyppuu cocfoju, ecruc-
neua cfauyea nuuocfa ua pepo Mufo. Op uero ce nnauene caro ouue kou ue
ro suaene ueroeofo sajako cpue. Toa ufo uocen nyuka, nuufon, jafarau, cefo
foa uno noeeke caro ykpac. A ueroeafa uajronera xpapocf una faa, ufo
kora ke ro eupen peenuof kpaj eran kako eefap, u forau uukoj ue roen pa ro
npecfurue.
Euno kako uno, pepo Mufo u kora uran uajranky enacf eo pauefe, nyre-
fo ry ce nnauene. Ynofpeyean fakeu naru, eo kou u caruof eepyean. Ra faka
cenauufe po epeu ro cakane u ua Fyproepeu epuornacuo eukane ofu cu ro caka-
af caro pepo Mufo u uukoj ppyr. Eun yrua rnaea, saeneyea nucafenof, u fo-
uo suaen koj op opauufe ufo runyea u ufo caka. Ofcekape kpapen no ranky
u coupan ruory ueufa. Cekoja ropuua ke ucneen no epuo jarue, ke ru coepen
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orafufe u yrnepuufe op kou saeucena ueroeafa cencka paofa, u yufe noeeke
cfauyean cakau. Meue offyka, op cenckuof kouak, eenen, roe pa re opuece
caro nonof. Taka u saepuyea npukasuafa sa ecrpfuuof u uesareunue, uo fon-
kynafu noeeke ueoueu pepo Mufo.
Hoeafa npukasua kako pa ru oepuuyea cypuuufe ua peafa rnaeuu nuka.
Rpep noeeke ropuuu pepoeuufe ce cakane kako pa ce paka nusuauu. Tonkaea
una uueuafa nyoe ufo sa ppyruof ro paeane u sanakof op concfeeuafa ycfa.
Torau ce cakane u uueuufe popu euu. Tkaene ua epeu pasoj, eo ucfu uouk-
eu recene, eo epua qypua ro neene neof, nepene eo epuo kopufo. Pouufe
nyre nocfojauo ru osopyeane u caro ur usrucnyeane uoeu u uoeu nouu npu-
kasuu. A fue, nak, sa uuaef ua pyurauufe ce cakane u ce noufyeane. Hus noro-
eopku u nocnoeuuu aefopof eeufo ru rpapu cnukufe op cenckuof ueof. Taka,
ue nonycfo pepo Beno sopyean ofu ako ro uera Mufo Xupkafa, nopopo u foj
pa ue nocfoen ua oeoj ceef. Hueuofo ppyrapyeane ro oppasyeaaf u uapopuufe
ryppocfu, no kou foa ufo ke ro kaen epuuof, pee ue cfauyeano. Tonky ruory
ce cakane ufo kora epuuof ke nnykuen, ppyruof ro nuen, uarnacyea aefopof
kako ufo eenaf nyrefo. Hera ufo ue roene pa usrucnaf nouufe nyre, uo op
ppyra cfpaua, nak, e eucfuuafa ofu uera kpyuka es paka.
Rpujafencfeofo u nyoefa rery peajuafa cfapuu une saepsauu yufe eo
rnapocfa. Op eperefo kora ueufafa u no crpffa ue ce saopaeaaf. H uukoj ue
eepyean ofu roeno pa ce cnyu ueufo ufo uera u co crpffa pa ru cfaeu eo
epeu rpo. ypu u uueuufe roneru uenpujafenu ru kayeane sa npurep. Ho, efe
ce cnyuno ypofo ufo uukoj u ue roen pa ro sarucnu. Epua ueoekyeaua
npuuua, epuo uenpepeupeuo cnyyeane, epuo raeoncko uspyeuyeane kako
ufo eenen ceeufeuukof Xau Auauuja, noceano fakea orpasa rery uue no ufo
ue uno rouo uukakeo norupyeane. 3a ypo ua cufe ce ckapane peajuafa
cfapuu. 3a epeu rur ce cfonuno nepecefropuuuofo npujafencfeo.
Rpep uekonky ropuuu eo cufe rnaeu op Xaufoeo pyeuan epeu eefep u
opepuau epuornacuo fue useukane ofu ce Eyrapu, Mapeauu, u ue cakaaf uukoj
noeeke pa ru uapekyea Fpuu. Peeuo, cfopeuo. Ha ceojof jasuk yene eo yu-
nuufefo u ce ronene eo upkeafa. A Beno u Mufo eoonufo ue ce uufepecupane
sa fue paofu. Apuo ara pepo Mufo ue cakan pa ce penu op ceoefo ceno u op
cenauufe uako cnyuan ofu Focnop ronufueufe ru cnyuan caro ua rpku jasuk,
ofu ueroea una rpkafa kuura, a nak yrapckafa una kuura ua raeonof u Eyra-
puuof un npokonuaf op caruof Focnop. Taka u foj co ppyrufe rucnen u jaeuo
roeopen ofu e Eyrapuu. Uenofo ceno ru rpasu Fpuufe, a foj e cencku oeek, ue
roe pa ce penu op cenofo.
Ce uauon eo noceua cocfoja eo koja fpeano pa ce paspenu unu op
ceojof npujafen unu op ceojafa cencka paofa. Rpep cenauufe sopyean nouo
sa Fpuufe, ro uanaran pepo Beno, ro uapekyean kpacfaea kosa, uo fajuo ce rne-
pane u ppyrapyeane, u cekorau ry ce useuuyean sa jaeuufe ucfanyeana co kou
ro saufufyean uueuofo npujafencfeo. epo Beno un ecfuf oeek u fue npec-
fpojyeana uukako ue ru cakan. Epuocfaeuo, apan u ueroeuof npujafen pa upe
Fpk. Taka eo uero ce sapopuna rucnafa pa ry ce opraspu es pa uran kakea
uno koukpefua npuuua sa foa. unerafa kako nocnepua rucna, ja nouyea
uoeafa npukasua sa peajuafa cfapu u eepuu ponroropuuuu npujafenu, uo cera
uus nepcnekfueufe ua orpasafa u opraspafa.
Tpu peua no Kpcfoepeu, kora rposjefo eeke uno popo yspeauo, pepo Be-
no npep pa orpee couuefo, ofuuon ua ceoefo nosje. Tpruan no ponuuof naf koj
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ro eopen kpaj fyrufe nosja, a fary roen pa ja sapoeonu cfpacfa pa nosoa op
fyrofo rposje. Xyropuofo co cnepu u cera co nopafokof ofu foj uacapun noue-
keanufefuo rposje koe uukoj uerano pa ry ro kpape, a uery nak ry ce cakano op
fyrofo cnafko rposje. Euno kako uno cfuruan eo nosjefo, nouan pa npoeepyea
pa ue epen uekoj op rposjefo u kpaj epua nosa spornepan npecuu oeeku cfan-
ku. Takea ponra cfananka eo cenofo uerano, cu norucnun, foa ropa pa una
caro uorafa ua Mufo Xupkafa. Efe ry ro npujafenof, fa foj ueran caro ponra
uora, fyky uran u ponra paka.
Bo foa epere pepo Mufo op napapuuuafa ro spornepan ceojof npujafen u
nofpan kou nosjefo pa ro eupu. Fo nosppaeun, ry saenean ofu cfauan roner
farakap ua cfapu ropuuu, ue ry ce ocfaeane kosufe, fa ro saopaeun u npujafe-
nof u cufe ppyru ueufa. Fo noeukan pa cepuaf, pa cu nonpukaaf, a efe u fop-
afa ry una nonua co rposje, fa roene pa ce sacnapaf. Ce ucnpaeun pepo
Beno u kpeuuku ro usrnepan. Heka era offyka, ry nopeukuan, oufe ue caka-
ne pa ro rnepaaf. Ocfauan cfanucau op fakeofo ueoekyeauo opakane ua cfa-
puof npujafen. Ta ro npauan ufo sopyea, ufo caka op uero, pa ue ry enerne
eo rnaeafa ryeu unu yrapu, unu nak nonypen! He pasupau ufo sopyear,
epecuan, u ce sakauun ofu cera ke ry pape sa pasepe. Hsenekon epua nopee-
na paoea nofnupaka op epua nosa u kako seep uanefan ua oeekof. Caro rur
nofoa cqafun ofu pyuraucku ro fenaaf no rnaeafa u nofekna kpe uap neeafa
eera. Eee fu, pasepu cera kykuu cuue, cfapo rarape, fu cu run npujafen u no-
pafur, a ru uocuu rposje sa nopurpaeka ofkako cu ru ro opan nosjefo. Epeaj
ce usenekon, npefenau u ranakcau, uenuof eo kpeoeu uukoj pa ue ro eupu ce
poenekan pora.
Taka pepo Mufo ja paspan ronerafa orpasa ua ceojof npujafen, fa nouu-
eu uran caro epua rucna sa opraspa. Taa cfauana crucna ua ueroeuof u-
eof u uecfpnnueo ro ekan rurof sa ronerafa opraspa. Kynruuauujafa eo pac-
kasof caro ro uaeecfyea ceoefo upuo u uoeo suaene eo npukasuafa koja poara
saepuo co snofo. Xyropucfuuofo ce uappacuyea eo upua upouuja ua oeekof u
ua oeeuofo op epua u ua cypuuafa op ppyra cfpaua. Ocrafa npukasua e
npukasua sa opraspafa u sa snofo eo oeekof. Okony Mufpoepeu xaufoeckufe
kosu une uajpopo yroeuu, urane kpeeko u ekycuo reco u uenofo ceno sarupu-
cyeano ua ronera u npurarnuea kyjua. Kasuafa cara no cee ce uapeucuyea
uap oeekoeafa cypuua. Co npujafuafa rupusa op neeuofo reco, uapaneky
op cenofo sacrppyea u kasuafa op opraspafa ua npujafenof. Toa uno peu
kora noprofeyeane u ce roufeeane u orafufe u cuporauuufe.
Bo faa jacua eceucka uok una ykpapeua janoeafa kosa ua pepo Mufo. Bo
feruuuafa ce nojaeun epeu eucok oeek nokpueu co kana, fueko peuejku ce no
fecuufe ynuku u sacfauyeajku po oauufe ua uekou kyku kako pa uarupucyean
ueufo. eaecfuua ekopu no uero, ro cnepen ppyr oeek npukpueu u foj co kana.
Cfojo, pekon npeuof, ro uarupucaere sajakof. Kako ufo saeneyea nucafenof,
cekoj roen pa ja pasepe npukasuafa. Op uapafopof ja npesera ynorafa ua ko-
reufafop. Toa un pepo Mufo co yufe epeu npujafen, co koro ja apane uero-
eafa ykpapeua janoea kosa. Heyjuo ce kaune ua nofouof u uus npouenkufe ro-
ene pa rnepaaf ufo ce cnyyeano eo peopof ua cfapuof npujafen.
Buafpe eo kykafa ua porauuofo oruuufe epua op ueroeufe kepku ua ponr
opoe paeu neena kosa. A aa Pya, npurofeyeana ekycua opa op rnaea-
fa, urepof u ukerefo. epo Mufo, koj yufe ro yecfeyean kofekof co paoeu-
of cfan, ja uran caro rucnafa sa opraspa u cakan pa ue ro ocfaeu pepo Beno
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pa ekycu op recofo koe co fonky fpyp ro uraue noprofeyeauo. Epuo sno uocu
ruory sna. H farau pa ja ekycaf npeafa nauua op opafa, pepo Mufo u Cfojo
ckokuane euafpe. Ha sppeaje, nopafure, nosppaeun, a foj kako pa suaen ofu ke
ry poune ua rocfu, fa cnperun fonky japene. Ja ofkaun koafa op supof u ja
pasrnepyean. epo Beno ocfauan kako yppeu op rpor. My ce epsan jasukof,
sop ue roen pa kae. Eun qafeu kako euuoeuuk co cufe rouu oeuuyeana.
Monene u aafa u kepkufe. Lfo apana fyka ueroeafa nucka, ro sanpauan
cfapuof npujafen. a ue suaena ofu ce npujafenu, fa efe u faa pouna ua rocfu!
epo Beno caro ronen u nocparofeu rnepan eo serjafa. Herano kape
pa ce era. He roen pa usnese op concfeeuafa koa. epo Mufo ua kpynuuof
u jak Cfojo ry uapepun pa ro epse cfapeuof u pa ro nofepa npep cee. H ke sa-
noruu foj koj un Xupkafa u kako ce kpapaf fyru kosu. Opepuau uaeukafa pa ce
kpapaf kosu koja cfauana kapakfep ua cenauufe op Xaufoeo npepacuyea eo
ecfoka kasua. My ru epsane pauefe sap rp, ronkyr fpruan co concfeeuafa
cypuua u co peueuocf npocfyr pa ro ucfpnu roneruof cpar npep uenofo
ceno.
Puuufe cypuuu co cufe rauu u uepocfafouu kou une suak ua npenos-
uaeane ua cenauufe, eo ceprafa npukasua npepacuyeaaf eo onoreua u eo kas-
ua. Bo esrunocuo yuuufyeane ua oeekofo pocfouucfeo u ua oeekuof u-
eof. Ha ppyruof peu, cenckuof kouak un nonu co uapop. Ce copano u rano u
ronero pa ry cypu u pa ry npecypu ua kyfpuof oeek. A foj op oeek kako pa ce
npecfopun eo uepoeo spuo. Ho, uufy foa ue ry nororuano. Rpasuufe ryae-
fu kpaj uerane, fa uekou noapane op krefof jacuo u rnacuo pa cypu u pa npe-
cypu. Ce noefopyea cparuafa npukasua. Hokecka napapufe ro qafune pepo Be-
no kako neen ykpapeuo reco. Efe ro recofo, efe ja koafa, efe ro u caruof
pepo Beno. Hekou npepnarane pa ry seraf pecef kosu u pa ro nyufaf. pyru
pekne pa ry yppaf cfo cfana u pa pape efupu kosu. Hekou pekne ofu fpea pa
ce oecu.
Rpecypun ueroeuof cfap npujafen. Hajuanpep recofo pa uno uceeuo
ua napuna u faka fue pa ry une sakaeuu opuanpep ua rpapufe u opuasap ua
rpof. Koafa pa ry ja cfaeene okony epafof. Bo pecuafa pa ro uocen feuepe-
fo co opafa, a eo neeafa paka epua kocka. Rofoa pa ro noeukaaf Refko Rapa-
nauof pa yka ua fanauof, a cenckufe napapu pa ro uocene no cenofo. Ha cekoe
koue u ronkuan fanauof, a pepo Beno forau rnacuo pa eukan xa, reco,
xaaa. H uajnocne ua Xupkafa pa ry pape pee kosu u epeu japeu sa roufeeane
ua cfapuufe. Epaeo, paeo, epeckane cenauufe. Ocfauane caru pepo Beno u
napapufe, u ro epafune eo arapof po yfpeuuofo ucnonuyeane ua kasuafa.
Rpepacuyeanefo ua korepujafa eo fparepuja ce cnepu u eo saepuuafa
ocra npukasua. Tokry ua nnapue unu ua roner pyek, kako ufo ce eeneno, ua
cenckuof nnoufap ce copano u cfapo u rnapo, u rauko u eucko. Tanauof ja
uajaeun fauafa / rposua npefcfaea. Teafapof ua ynuuafa kako pen op ueofof
koj epuocfaeuo caruof usuukuyean op faa npaenuea u crppnuea ynuua. Hukoj u
ue u roen pa ro npenosuae oeekof, ako uenofo ceno suaeue ofu foj peu ua
cfapu ropuuu ke ro uefaaf u ke ro pesunaf pepo Beno. Muroeufe npepacuane
eo eekoeu ua oeekafa uuufouocf. Ofkako saepuuno snofo kako ufo u uno
npecypeuo, ofkako ua pepo Mufo ry pan pee kosu u epeu japeu sa rosa ua
cfapuufe, ce npupan pora sa cpar u pesun. Roeeke ue roen pa usnese cpep
ceno, npasuuuufe ru npecepyean pora car u ronanue, a eo paofuufe peuoeu
eo rpak open u eo rpak ce epakan op paofa. H faka, fauafa npukasua saep-
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uyea co nuuufe npusuauuja ua uejsuuufe jyuauu papeuu uekorau u noefopeuu
cera. Ako pepo Beno uran npaeo kora roeopen ako yrpe Mufo Xupkafa, no-
popo e u jac pa yrpar, ue noranky e eo npaeo u cera kora eenu ako ueee
yufe Mufo Xupkafa, nopopo e jac aper pa yrpar.
Cfojau Eooe op ueofof ua Mapeauufe saenean epua useoupepuo
yaea, nofpecua u opuruuanua npukasua ureuyeaua co rnaeuufe nukoeu ua e-
po Beno u pepo Mufo. Xueofof, cenckofo kafapueeue, cenckuof reufanufef
uenocpepuo useupaaf op rakofpnuocfa ua oeekoeofo oncfojyeane, ro uocaf
concfeeuuof suak ua upeufuqukauuja u ecfefckafa fpajuocf op npecospaeane-
fo ua ueofof eo nufepafypa. Rucafenckafa papa ce nofeppyea u co yreuuo-
fo kopucfene ua ycuafa uapopua uapafueua uopra u co cucferuofo qyukuuo-
uanuo erpapyeane ua kpafkufe uapopuu yrofeopu. Rucafenof cospaea ueu u
konopufuu cnuku, srycuafa u ueouua afrocqepa, opuruuanuu nukoeu u kapak-
fepu, puuarueu u uufepeceu pujanor. Jasukof u cfunof ce opnukyeaaf co ep-
uocfaeua yaeuua, npurarnuea u pasupnuea, co uapopeu roeop noceuo npu-
reuyeau eo pujanorof. Roceuocfa ua Eooe cekako fpea pa upe openea-
ua u eo nocfankafa u noceuo eo uejsuuuof pesynfaf ufo cufe ocyr cfopuu ro-
af pa ce eocnpueraaf kako noceuu nposuu uenuuu kou epuoepereuo u ja rpa-
paf enckafa cnuka sa rakepouckofo ceno u cenaucfeofo eo 19 eek.
Op ueofof ua Mapeauufe e u ueroeuof packas Epua nponefua eeep.3)
Ocfaeeuu ce nopafouufe peka feopafa una uanuuaua eo Heepokon, ua 23
qeepyapu 1892 ropuua, kora cekako una saepueua u ja ura npouupeuafa feo-
peka upeufuqukauuja C. . Eooe. Heouuuof u opuruuaneu, papoeuf packa-
yea ua uajyae uauu ce nofeppyea u eo oeaa ueroea feopa eo koja raruuo
npoeejyeaaf pyxof u afrocqepafa ua epeu -exoe. H oeoj packas e nopeneu ua
uecf noroneru u noranu penoeu kou rpapaf epua uepenuea nposua uenocf. A
eo uea co nopepuakea ecfefcka epepuocf yree pa ru ucnuue u cfpauuuufe kou
yreaf pa u creaf po consu, u ouue fauu u onuu cfpauuuu kou ueruuoeuo
uocaf consu. Heroe jyuak e nak ranuof u oueu oeek, ueroeofo kafapueeue
ucnonuefo co uepopoj couuufa u konueu, ufku u nopasuu, uepopasupana u
npofuepeuocfu, kasuu u nopasuu. Teru ce ueroeafa ocareuocf, ofyreuocf,
onka, uecpeka.
Mecfo ua cnyyeanafa e cenofo Eykoeo, a eperefo ro oppepyea npasuy-
eanefo ua Kocfaupuuoepeu. Morufe neene u rorunafa urpane, a aufe u
ppyrufe euu cepene npep nopfufe u cu npunoruyeane sa ceojafa rnapocf,
npufoa koreufupajku koja rora ry e npunuka ua uekoe op rorunafa. Cnukafa
op cenkufe cokauu kako pa ce npennefyea eo pojuu ruroeu op kafapueeuefo.
Co papocfa u eecenafa, npofekyeaaf u cekojpueeuufe oepcku u saponeuuja.
Ce poroeapaaf aprafu sa yfpeuuuof peu, euufe ce nonnakyeaaf sa nujaucfeo-
fo ua raof u sa feukafa cuporaufuja. Foneruof coup un eo eakaeckuof py-
kau. Kako pa ce copano cefo ceno, u rano u ronero, orafo u cuporauuo.
Tary une u nonof u pepo xaujafa. Tpeano pa ce peuaea epuo eauo npaua-
ne, kakeo ufo uno usopof ua upkoeuuof enufpon. A peuof un npasuuk ua oe-
apufe. Ce ucnekne jaruuna, ce nuene euuo u pakuja, fa cufe une eecenu u
cpekuu. Eooe nposuafa cfpykfypa ja rpapu u kako packayea u kako koreufa-
fop / kpufuap ua ferufe u rofueufe.
uuaruuafa cnuka op cenckofo npasuyeane ue roe pa npofuepeu ua
eucfuuafa u npufoa koj roe pa oppee, ofu euuofo ue ro npaeu oeekof ee-
cen, uacreau, nafpuof, papenue, xpaap, yecfeufeneu u op uajrano ueufo
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sappf u ua uajranekafa uenpaepa ucfo, coanue kou uecpekuufe, opafop, nec-
uonoeu u yufe ufo ue? Kora u uno sno nuenefo euuo, npopokof aeup ue u
pekon ofu euuofo ro eecenu oeekoeofo cpue, uufy nak npafafkofo Hoe u ce
onuean. Ara uekoj ke kae, ofu euuofo onuea, ro fepa oeekof pa npaeu nouu
paofu; foa ue e apryreuf, ofu ue fpea pa ce nue. Cufe ueufa ja uraaf u po-
pafa u nouafa cfpaua, epuafa es ppyrafa ue roaf, nuuyea ropanusafopof
Eooe. Ako euuofo ro npepuseukyean oeekof pa nuye u pa ce kapa, pa ce fena
u pa npaeu pasuu esopasuja, eo ucfoepere forau foj ru nokayean u cufe
ceou ckpuuuu papu, ufo ue u ro uanpaeun pypu uu forau kora u ry un
npenopaau ua ceefof. 3afoa, ce usjacuyea, foj u ue e npofue nuenefo euuo.
Offyka u uera nofpea sa ocypa ua ykoeuu. H koreufapof: Haeucfuua, cufe
ja uraa npekppaueuo repafa ua nuenefo, a uekou u fonky ufo ue roea pa
rnepaaf u carufe ue suaeja ufo sopyeaaf; uo npufoa cufe ea opyueeeuu op
epua popa upeja, op epua popa rucna: ru ocypyeaa snoynofpeyeanafa u
nofoa apaa useuuyeane.
Rpeuof pen npefcfaeyea ceoeeupeu yeop eo packasof. Toj packayea u
koreufupa, onuuyea u uarnacyea, onoreuyea, uo npufoa uuufo u ue uaeecfyea.
Bucfuuckuof packas ce cnyyea / nouyea co efopuof pen. Toj e xyropucfuuo
uufouupau. Hacfauof e ucfuof cencku coup op npeuof pen ua npukasuafa. Ha
uero ce sopyeano sa pasuu ueufa; epuu sopyeane epuo, ppyru nak ppyro. Cu-
fe sopyeane, uukoj uukoro ue cnyuan uufy nak ueufo pasupan. Taka cekorau
saepuyeane coupufe. Ke ce coepene cenauufe pa pasroeapaaf sa uekoja ea-
ua paofa, ke kpeuene rypynfuja u es pa uno poueceuo uekakeo peueuue, cu
saruuyeane no pora.
Beceno, aropnueo u uenocnyuuo uno u ua coupof ua peuof ua oea-
pufe. Mefaqopuuo eo cenckuof pykau cenauufe ce epuo uanyufeuo cfapo eo
koe saurpyea u fenakafa. Ce copane pa pacnpaeaaf sa usop ua upkoeeu enu-
fpon. A uajyeu u uajonaceu un onruof Pono, copan uekou ceou ppyrapu
pa kpeeaaf epeea u pa uaeueaaf sa uero, co ena fokry foj pa ja npesere up-
koeuafa kaca u napufe. Bpueno kako eo kouuuua co nenu. ykauof un npe-
nonu, jajue pa ce qpneno, uerano kape pa napue. Epuu cepene, ppyru cfoene, a
uajpaofnue un Muxo Meauujafa, koj ro uaekan cnenofo fa uocen nufap, a
nuuyean fpu nufpu ankoxon.
Heka cnyuuaf u cuporauuufe u opauufe, ronfan aua no aua u
epeckan Pono, ofu efe fyka co uue e Cfapuof Mapko koj fpu ropuuu ja japen
upkeafa. 3oufo yufe ur e nofpeeu foj cfap earnup! Cparofa e cenofo yufe
pa ro fpnu. H uran koukpefeu npepnor. Tpeano pa ry ce sere upkoeuafa kaca
u pa ry upe papeua ua oeek koj uran nouf kou upkeafa u ceefuufe, fa popo
pa cu ja rnepa paofafa. Bo nukof ua cenckuof pacunuuk u kaerauja nucafenof
kornnekcuo ja npefcfaeyea pyuafa ua cenaueuof. 3aocfauafocfa u cyeeepue-
fo, ppckocfa u snoafa, uo u ueroeafa npupopua papa sa usrara, nykaeocf u
nueu uufepec. A fakoe oeek un fokry foj, fa safoa u ue npepnara, fyky apa
op cenauufe pa ru seraf knyeeufe u pa ry ru papaf uery.
Ro oeoj ucfan ce paseuea ue pujanor rery npucyfuufe eo koj poruuupa
sppaeuof u norueu cencku pyx. Hukoj uukoro ue roen pa usraru, saufo po-
po ce nosuaeane rery cee. Hnu kako ufo pekon uapopof fue suaaf koj konky
feu. Toj e afakuja, pekon pepo Heau, ara Pono un efep op uero, npe nu-
jauuua. Tokry faka, foj un nujauuua u aparuja, npuqafune uekonkyruua cena-
uu. 3op no sop, uaepepa no uaepepa, cfauana epeea u pouno po onufa fe-
naka.
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Hacnpera konekfueuufe cnuku op ueofof u reufanufefof ua cenofo, eo
fpefuof pen aefopof packayea sa pepo Taco Fonoe. Toj un cuporaueu oeek,
u yufe noeeke kpofok. He ce reuan eo uukakeu paofu, cu ja rnepan concfee-
uafa cuporaufuja. He cakan co uukoro pa ce pacnpaea. Hajcpekeu un car co
cee u co fajuufe uanypyeana ua npupopafa. A foa ro npaeeno suaneu ua
ruory paofu, uo op ppyra cfpaua, nak, ro rnepane kako raruouuap u oeek koj
uran paofa co raeonufe. Tue uanypyeana ro opeojyeane op ceefof u ro eo-
eepyeane eo rupof, fuuuuafa u cnokojcfeofo. Ce noenekyean eo npekpacuafa
ponuua epuuuof on, fary uno cefo ueroeo orafcfeo: epua uuea, ua koja
cekoja ropuua capen neuka, epua aea u epua nueapa, epuo rauko uunee u
epuucfeeuuof cuu Bapfonorej. Konuuuckafa repka ua epuofo ue e caro cnuka
sa cuporaufujafa, fyky pureusuja ua epuau u kpafko papeuuof oeeku ueof.
Tokry foj ueof u cypuuafa ua pepo Taco ce fera ua packasof Epua nponef-
ua eeep.
Hokuufe uanypyeana ro sorafune co fonky ruory suaena, ufo u ac-
fpouorufe u uaeepuane rnaea npep uero. Fu suaen urunafa ua seespufe, uue-
uofo nojaeyeane u ucesuyeane, nafof ua uueuufe peuena u reryceuufe
cpepu. Ro seespufe u receuuafa, no neenefo ua nfuuufe, no prenefo ua
korapuufe, no kacuyeanafa ua oneufe no peuoeu, uepenu, receuu u ropuuu
suaen kakeo ke upe eperefo. Toj eue eucfuucku aporefap eo Eykoeo u
ueufo noeeke. Ro cnyufe eo upkeafa, eo npasuuuufe peuoeu, ua uacopa-
uufe euu ur packayean sa efopofo npeecfeyeane u sa rakufe ua rpeuuu-
uufe, popeka op oufe ry nofekyeana peka op consu. H fyka aefopof packasof
ro sorafyea u ro srycuyea co oraf pujanor eo koj epuu euu ro crefaaf sa no-
ceeu u rypap oeek, opapeu op caruof Focnop, ppyru nak ry ce nnauaf u ro
uapekyeaaf raeon. Kako u pa e pepo Taco eue u noufyeau u orpaseu.
Heroe uajroner uenpujafen un Pono, kory nocfojauo ry eenen ofu
snouuuufe u kaerauufe ke upaf oeceuu sa jasukof. Ho, cufe kou uero rnepa-
ne co uepoeepa u co orpasa. ypu u ouue kou ro noufyeane, cenak eepyeane
ofu uran paofa co nouufe pyxoeu u un raruouuap. My erane op nafof, ca-
kane pa upaf ufo nopaneky op uero. Bo concfeeuuof ceef, neruaf ua seneuafa
fpeea u co nornepof kou ueofo, ojacuyeajku ry uekou nojaeu ua cuuof, koro
cakan pa ro uanpaeu ceoj pocfouucfeeu uacnepuuk, rnepan eo receuuafa u na-
fyean co rucnufe. Co foa eckpajuo nafyeane Eooe ja saokpyyea npukasuafa
sa ueouuuof oeek u sa kornnekcuuof opuoc ua konekfueof kou cyjekfof eo
koj e coppaua repkafa ua nouf u poeepa, uo u noruuafa poruuauuja ua
cfpae u orpasa. Ofcfanyeanefo op onufufe uopru jacuo ja uaeecfyea fparepu-
jafa.
-efepfafa npukasua opuoeo u epaka eo epeeafa ua cenckuof pykau.
Tary ce nue, ce euka u uapeukyea, cfauyeaaf fenaku, no kaerufe ce apa
npouka. H opuoeo npe poroeufe ru nokaan Pono. Cera ro kpufukyean yufe-
nof koj ro nnakane nefcfofuuu rpoua u peuafa ru yen op raeoncka kuura. Heka
cu ru rnepa foj ceoufe kosu, ce jaeun epeu rnac nyfo, u noapan rnynofo pa
ronu, saufo ue ce pasupan op fue paofu. uuarukafa ua packayeanefo
kako noceua opnuka ua feopekafa nocfanka ua Eooe, ce nocfuruyea co epep-
uocuuof pujanor. Epe, ue ocfauan poneu kaeraujafa, foj uuufo ue suae kako
cuu ua non u euyk ua pepo auja. 3uaen foj uj fafko po eepa un cencku roee-
pap. Monu pe uepauurajko, uera caro fee pa fe cnyuare, ppyruof rnac e
uoe rnac op ure ua uapopof. Cnopep uero cufe une nouu, caro foj e poap. H
epuau fpeano pa cu ja safeopu ycfafa. Bo uoeafa fenaka nopeenuof kpaj ro
usenekon Pono ue nuue uno usrpeauo u oneauo eo kpe.
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Hacnpera epeeafa eo safeopeuuof u ofyka rarueu kpyr ua pykauof,
opepuau ce cnpofucfaeuna ypuafa fuuuua op ofeopeuufe npocfopu ua
cenckufe ynuuu u cokauu. Opepuau ce cnyufun rpak, receuuafa ja cuerano.
Moruuckufe necuu sauerene, roreukufe opa ce npekpuune. Bo pyuufe
sanocepuan eckpaeu cfpae. Heecuufe npocfpaucfea ru ucnonuyeane
yacuufe eukofuuuu. Cfoeno npasuo recfofo ua receuuafa. Maruouuapu, pa
ru sere raeonof sopyeane nyrefo, euufe nnaene u cu ru kyene kocufe, a
cfapufe euu kou fakeo ueufo urane u nopauo eupeuo cu uenofene
reryceuo. Hseoupepuafa afrocqepa ua cfpae u ueuseecuocf ce ocfeapyea co
pujanorof eo koj ce coppaf ypecujafa op nereupufe u npepauujafa. Kyfpafa
receuua, ja curuane u ja ronsaf, roeopena epua aa, a suaefe nu konky foa
onu u kako faa nnae? Focnop pa ru npokonue fue raruouuapu ua kou ue ur
une pocfa cufe rnynocfu, fa u receuuafa ja curuane, popana ppyra aa.
H epua op aufe ce cefuna ofu ouoj cfap earnup Taco Fonoe epuau ja
curuan receuuafa u cnyuana kako faa nnae kora ja ronsen. Ce copano ue-
nofo ceno npep eakaeckuof pykau. Cufe une ucnnaueuu u uukoj ue roen pa
cu opu pora. Ako e kpaj ua ceefof, rucnene, aper po epeu pa yrpaf ua epuo
recfo. Tpenepene op cfpae, ce ypene ufo ce cnyyea, u uukoj ue suaen ufo
fpea pa ce npaeu. H forau opuoeo ce jaeun Pono. Roeukan cufe saepuo pa
nojpaf pa ro apaaf raruouuapof Taco, pa ja ocnoopaf receuuafa u pa ro
kasuaf snocfopuukof.
Hpunuuafa cnuka ua rorunkafa ua koja cepene pepo Taco u cuuof Bap-
fonorej, neffafa npukasua, ru ofkpuea yaeuuafa u cnokojcfeofo eo oeekoeafa
pyua u eo npupopafa. Hueuafa xaprouuja ja cnepure uus pasroeopof ua fafko-
fo u cuuof, co kpafkufe npauana u oproeopu sa pepof eo npupopafa. Lfo sua-
u uokuofo kpekane ua aufe, jaeyeanefo ua yeof, kako ce eukaaf cepyrfe
seespu u ouue no fpu oppony u ouue uacfpaua, u soufo un fereu epuuof kpaj
ua receuuafa. Eoja paofa, pekon fafkofo u popan ofu saferuyeanefo ua
receuuafa ue e sa popo. Ce ucnnauun cuuof u ro noeukan fafko ry pa ce co-
kpujaf eo neufepafa. Eunuckuof rofue ro ura u opuecyeanefo ua nyrefo, kou
neruane ua serja u co oufe rnepane ypony, ce nnauene pa nornepuaf uapeop
kako enapeen uenoceu rpak.
epo Taco ronen u ce kpcfen, u uekoj fonof c noeeke ur ce npunuy-
ean u cfauyean c nocfpaueu. Ce cnyuane cfpauuu u uepasupnueu rnacoeu,
cfeukana, narana u oqkana. Tpenepen cfapeuof u ce npennauun kora jacuo
paspan kako rnacoeufe ro poeukyeaaf ueroeofo ure. Reufepafa ry ce eupena
fecua. Ckokuan, ru saopaeun u cuuof u uuneefo, u co cufe cunu noeruan no
ponof. Car u uecpekeu Bapfonorej nnaen u eukan no ceojof fafko. epo Taco
kora ro cnyuuan rnacof ua ceojof crpfeu uenpujafen, u noyecfeyean ofu e on-
kpyeu op cufe cfpauu, ue ocfauano pyua eo uero, fa eran u ce ckpun nop
epeu ppeu. Bo ponof una cfpauua uok, rpaua kako por. Ce oprnacyeane caro
ecnorouuufe noeukyeana ua cuuof.
H opepuau receuuafa ce nojaeuna ua ueofo. Taa opuoeo rpee, eukua-
ne cenauufe, Fono ja ocnoopun. Ho, fpeano pa ce uajpe euuoeuukof, ce pe-
pen Pono, u pekon cufe pa ro apaaf saufo foj ce kpuen fyka uekape. H fokry
foj oxpapeu op ucnueuofo euuo, ro uauon npennaueuuof cfapeu. Fo ypupan
co knouu, ro fenan esrunocuo u eukan pa ro kasuaf. A foj ecnoroueu eukan
pa ue ro fenaaf, ufo nouo ur cfopun, Focnop pa ru ofena. Ce cfpynonune u cy-
poeuuu no ueroeafa rnaea. Fo eneene kako npefenauo kye. Ke ro uocaf cpepe
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ceno, eukan kaeraujafa, ueka eupu uenofo ceno kakoe oeek e ouoj koj ro urane
sa npaeponyue u ceefeu. Taka Pono eneron eo cenofo kako jyuak koj ce epa-
fun no epua ronera noepa, ropp u uapyeu, a pepo Taco npefenau u eneeu no
nafof un npepref ua uejecfoku uaepepu u ua nyfu knefeu. Cufe kako pa ce
uafnpeeapyeane koj nonpeo pa pojpe po kyfpuof oeek u pa ro kasuu raruouua-
pof koj cakan pa ro yuuufu ceefof.
Rofonof ua ceefof un eo cpuefo u eo pyuafa ua oeekof. Ce uocen eo
rucnafa co ceuuocfa u orpasafa, uepoeepafa u snoafa, uufpurafa u kne-
eefafa. Tue ru uerupane u ru yueane u enereufapuufe pocfouucfea eo oee-
kof, fa safoa cufe, pypu u ouue nocfapufe kou ro urane eupeuo saferuyeanefo
ua receuuafa kako npupopua nojaea, ce jaeyeaaf opuoeo kako npupopua nojaea
eo ueruuoeuocfa ua oeekoeafa npeepfeuocf. Hsroeopof pa ce yue snofo eo
ppyruof, e caro npukpueane ua concfeeuofo sno. Toa u un u uekakoe sakny-
ok, unu yufe noeeke noyka, ufo nucafenof ja usenekyea eo saepuuuof pen op
fekcfof koj ura caro uekonky pepa. Ha ppyruof peu u cocepuufe cena okony Ey-
koeo paspane ofu raruouuapof Fono co ceoufe raruu ja curuan receuuafa
u ja ronsen. Cufe ro ocypyeane sa kpajof ua ceefof. A op foj kpaj ua ceefof, eps
uecpekafa ua ppyruof, ce uspuruana esrepuafa cpeka ua Pono. Ako ue un
foj roner jyuak pa ro uajpe u pa ro kasuu euuoeuukof, ue ce suaeno kako u sa-
epuune ueufafa. Aefopckuof koreufap e peuupeu: H konky nu ue ppyru npu-
kasuu uukuyeane no uekou recfa kako pesynfaf ua qauafusrof op rnynu u no-
perefeuu oeuu, naceuu op uaeruu oeapu.
Aefopof co uapopuafa ryppocf useoupepuo popo ja usenekyea noykafa.
He ja uarefuyea, saufo ja packaan epuocfaeuo u uufpecuo, ja npecospan op
ferufe u rofueufe ua ckasuufe u ajkufe, nereupufe u npepauujafa. Cospan e-
fueo koe co uufepec ce ufa u ce npenpoufyea. Op npocfufanakof u saocfaua-
focfa ua uapopof, cnenofo cfapo oeuu, u yufe noronera ueroeafa uecpeka co
uaeruufe oeapu (Pono) ce ypueaaf ykafa u suaenefo, popofo u yaeofo
(Fono). Rapapokcanuocfa ua npukasuafa e coppaua eo uacfojyeanefo ua ko-
nekfueof uacnpera ykayeanafa ua noepuueuof, uarecfo pa opu uanpep kou
ceefnuuafa u yaeuuafa, kou upuuuafa, ce epaka uasap eo rpakof u uesuaene-
fo. Hukako pa ce usnese op concfeeuufe porru, op rpauufe eepyeana u ye-
pyeana, op cyjekfueuuof koufekcf, op rnacuofo roeopene ua knefeu u caro-
knefeu, op raruufe, aenafa, eepyeanafa eo snofo. Bcyuuocf uepoeepafa ua
oeekof eo caruof cee.
Taa uepoeepa e nocfojaua fera eo nposafa ua Cfojau Eooe. Heroeofo
orafo ueofuo uckycfeo, kako ponroropuueu yufen, ersapxucku uucnekfop ua
ckonckufe yunuufa u rufpononufcku cekpefap (1895), kako onufecfeeuuk u
nafpuof, yecuuk eo conyuckufe afeufafu, kako packayea u noef, 4) uenoc-
pepuo ro euene rery uapopof, ro coueeane co ueroeufe rucnu u konueu, ja
cnosuan ueroeafa pyua. Offyka u eo packasufe nonuokpeuo puue ucfofo cen-
cko kafapueeue co cufe ueroeu yaeu u rppu, ceefu u nopouu suaena u pu-
reusuu. Bo foj fereu yuap op cencka snoa, ufpoufuua u pacunauocf knokofu
oeekoeofo ranoyrue u nocfojauo uocu uoeu uecpeku u fparepuu. Upkoeuafa
porra ru uarefuana rpakof u uesuaenefo, a op faa feruuua useupaaf uupueu-
pyanuufe onuu oeeku cypuuu.
Bo 1892 ropuua, Cfojau Eooe ja ojaeun u ceojafa efopa kuura Ceefo-
ropckuof earnup. 5) Epua ropuua npep foa, eo 1891 ropuua, ucfuof packas nop
uacnoe Ofeu Raquyfuj ro neafen eo Kuuuuu sa npouf. 6) Cu ocfauana
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pasnukafa caro eo uacnoeof ua feopafa, saufo cfauyea sop sa upeufueu
fekcf u eo peefe ueroeu uspauuja. H eo oeoj packas npukasuafa e noceuo nope-
neua eo ocyr penoeu. Packayeaof ua eecenufe cfpauuuu op cenckuof ueof,
ua ueroeufe cypuuu u uecpeku, enckafa pureusuja ua foa uapopuo npepacka-
yeane ja uarnacyea co caruof noefokof kako nefonuceu ua ueufa kou ce
cnyyeane npep nepecefuua ropuuu. Rafof koj eopen kou Ceefa Fopa cfauan
onaceu sa nafyeane, noceuo rery cenafa Mope u Epca, fa no uero ue ruuyea-
na uea pyua, ue ro npenefyeane uufy nfuuu. Taka, aefopof npukasuafa ja sa-
nouyea co uarnackafa sa uejsuuafa ueouuocf, uecekojpueeuocf u co ufa-
fenckufe npefnocfaeku sa ypafa kou roaf pa upaf packaauu eo uea.
H faka ceefofo recfo ua koe poaran ruory uapop co ceojafa nenpa u co
apane sa npocfyeane ua rpeeoeufe onycfeno. Ceefa Fopa cfauana uepocfa-
neu ocfpoe. Fo uerano uapopof u ueroeufe papoeu, fa saenapeana cuporaufu-
ja. Ce ruoene rnapof, onecfufe, nopasuufe u crpffa. Ce useno ufo ce ura-
no, a uoea xpaua uerano op uukape. Becenufe u cpekuu nuua cfauane koa u
kocku. Ce saopaeune necuufe u opafa, a uucfpyreufufe cfoene oeceuu ua
supof. Hecpekafa ue ru uanapuana caro nyrefo, fyky u cfokafa. ypu u nfuuufe
cfpauuo neene. pejafa ru usryune yaeuuafa u ceeuuafa, fa eucuane kako
pa une nonapeuu op cnaua. Bo fue nekonuu cnuku kou aefopof rouue urnpe-
cueuo ru ponoeun, ce nocfaeyea cyufuuckofo npauane. anu oeekof ja ueran
nouffa kou penurujafa, kou npaeocnaeuefo u cfauan epefuk u ce cnyuno sno-
fo!? Cunafa koja ro npepuseukana snofo ocfauana uenosuafuua. 3afoa u cfpa-
eof un npupopeu.
Ro yeopuafa, npea npukasua ce ofkpueaaf nuuocfufe kou ja cospaeaaf u
uea u recfofo, npocfopof kape ufo faa ce cnyyea. Cufe cnuku ce pefpocnek-
fueuu op npuuua ufo uueuofo ouoeyeane / npucefyeane ja ura epereuckafa
pucfauua op nonoeuua eek. Ha nonoeuua op nafof po cenofo Epco, ua uajfecuo-
fo recfo ua Afouckafa knucypa, cfoene pyueeuuu op uekorauuo yaeo porau-
uo oruuufe. Euno opacuafo eo fpeeu u fpna. Hekorau foa uno rocfunuuuafa
ua Fpkof Eapa Jauu, uj usrnep jacuo kayean ofu un noforok ua cfapufe
Tpako - Hnupuu. Aefopof u cera eo pefanu ro npaeu qusukuof onuc u ykayea
ua pyxoeuufe epepuocfu ua ceoufe nukoeu. Caruof usrnep kayean peka Eapa
ueran popo ruuafo. Kpapen u yuean, naen u nakocfen, un nporouyeau u
safeopau u nocfojauo uekape eran. Ce npukayean kako nooeu oeek, o-
er ce ronen u ru nanen kaupunafa ua uekou ypofeopuu ukouu, a ro rnepan
caro cnacof ua concfeeuafa pyua u co fyra raka pa ro uanonuu cforakof.
Majcfopcku eo urefo ua ceefuufe neanen u paofufe ry opene popo.
3ropa ua foa un roner ryaefuja, fa yreen epuocfaeuo nyrefo pa ru raren-
cyea co sopoeu. Co nouf kaj uero poaran Ofeu Raquyfuj sa koro eenen ofu foj
e oeek no ueroeafa repka, uen ueof pa pasroeapaaf, uerano pa ura kpaj u
uacufka. Hran okony efupueceffuua ropuuu u cnyyean eo Bafonejckuof ra-
uacfup. H foj uran orafo ruuafo. Rpoqecuja ry uno npasuaenefo ua fyrufe
eoeu, pecef ropuuu ruuan co epua efa no uyrufe, na kora nouan pa rucnu
sa cnac ua pyuafa ce sakanyrepun. Caruof rnacuo ce npauyean: He suar panu
Focnop ke ru ru npocfu ronerufe rpeeoeu kou cyr ru cfopun! Fpeeof kako fera
eo packasof koj e coppau u co urefo ua uejsuuof uocufen kako uacnoe ua feop-
afa. Rpefcfaeeuu ce peafa rnaeuu nuka, nocfaeeua e uufpurafa u qunosoqu-
jafa sa uenocfojauocfa ua cpekafa. Rpukasuafa saepuyea, uo uejsuuafa nocnep-
ua peeuuua ofu cypuuafa cakana Eapa Jauu caruof pa ro noyecfeyea usep-
uyeanefo ua faa qunosoqcka eucfuua ja uajaeyea uapepuafa npukasua.
50
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Knonefo nouyea pa ce pasrofyea eo fpefuof, cfoepeu pen ua packa-
sof. Epua eceucka eeep eo rocfunuuuafa cfuruane peaecef u efeopuua eep-
uuuu. Eapa eupen ofu popo ke ce oqajpu. a ue ce nokae ckanepuuk, fyky
peka e rocfonyue oeek, ro seran uuuefo co pakuja u nuuo ru noecfun roc-
fufe. Hran sa fpouene fpuropuuua pua, fa uarecfo sa qpnane, efe ja sa o-
rafene. Rouan pa ur packayea sa ceefuufe u sa ypecafa, popeka ce cnpe-
rana eeepafa, a kucenofo euuo caro no cee nouano pa ce ucfypa eo rpnafa
ua eepuuuufe. Coneuafa pua ru npaeena nocfojauo epuu. naoko eo uokfa
ueufo nouano pa fpona no faeauof. orakuuof pa ru ycnokou rocfufe, pekon
ofu fonky ce uaruoune u une roneru kako kokouku ufo co uuufo ue roen
pa ru cofpe.
Tpeckanefo cfauyeano c noronero, kykafa ce fpecena, rpepufe kpukane
u uekonky ufuuu napuane eps rnaeufe ua nyrefo. Cfpaeof ru coenapan cufe.
Rpe noeruan porakuuof, a nonof u ueroeufe fpojua ppyrapu panu op cfapocf
unu uanueuu op euuofo, ue roene pa ce rppuaf op refofo. Eapa Jauu u e-
feopuuafa ueroeu cnyru ce epafune co nyuku u eepyeane peka pso ke ru ucfe-
paaf uekauefufe pasojuuuu. Ho, kora eneron euafpe, eupen ofu uera uukakeu
pasojuuuu, fyky uacpep coafa cfoeno u ro ekano cfpauuo cyufecfeo kakeo
ufo uufy eue eupen, uufy ro eue couyean. Op cfpae ry ce sarpsuana kpefa,
ue roen sop pa kae, ue roen ekop pa uanpaeu. Roeruane u opuoeo ce
cokpune koj kape cfuruan.
Eapa Jauu ce ryuen eo epeu yu, fpenepen kako nucf. He roen pa cu
ojacuu panu foa uno uekoj rapercku earnup unu, nak, uekoj perou op Ceefa
Fopa. Ho, uajruory cu rucnen sa ueroeofo caupae eo koe uno cefo ueroeo
cneaneuo orafcfeo. Cu rucnen kako opuoeo ke upe cpekeu pa ru pou
onfukufe u pa cnyua kako ry fponana ueroeafa paofa. My uno ruory feu-
ko, uo ce feuen, ofu raeonof ue kpape napu, fyky foj poaran no kpe u pyua. Co-
uof uukako ue ry poaran. H pperkafa ce eue ucnnauuna op ypoeuufefo. Toj
ja apan, ara faa ue poarana. H caro ufo sapperan, fyky eo couof ry pouno
snofo u ro npoypuno. Rouan pa era, runu ry une pyuafa u ueofof, fpan
kako nyp, u uajnocne yropeu ce cokpun eo epuu rpryuku u fary ekan pa ce
paspeuu.
Paranefo ua uoeuof u yae eceucku peu, ru epafuno uapeufe ofu cu sa-
ruuane earnupufe u nouufe pyxoeu kou eraaf op ceefnuuafa ua peuof. Kora
ce npunuun po rocfunuuuafa ro onqafun uoe cfpae. Euno fueko, uerano u-
ea pyua. Roneka eneron u npeo ro noapan ceoefo caupae. Fo uauon, ara eo
uero uerano uuufo. Rnaen kako pefe. My ru sene cpuefo u pyuafa, ry ro op-
uene ueofof. Rocakan pa yrpe, saufo ue cakan pa ueee cuporauuo. Bo co-
afa ro ekan uoe yac. Ha nopof efeopuuafa neene rpfeu, eo uue uerano
kpe, a ua epafof urane eo epua pynka op kyeuku sa. Ho, uukako ue roen pa
cu ojacuu soufo earnupof ro sen ueroeofo orafcfeo u konufe op rocfufe.
Kako poap xpucfujauuu, saepuo co cnyrufe ru norpeane rpfeufe.
Kora cnyuuan sa uecpekafa ua ceojof uajpoap npujafen, Ofeu Raquyfuj
eepuau pouon pa ro eupu u pa ro yfeuu. A foj ro npepynpepun ofu uuufo ue
suaen sa ueofof ua earnupufe. Co orafcfeofo koe ro serane opene ua ppyru
recfa, fary saporyeane, ce euene u ueeene kako ppyrufe nyre, fa safoa u
uue ur une nofpeuu cufe ouue ueufa kou ru urane u nyrefo. Heka ru saopa-
een napufe, ke paofen u ke cneanen uoeu. H ue saopaeun, no norpeof, pa
ry uanorue nocfojauo pa ce ronu u pa ce kpcfu u faka pa ru ofqpnu op cee
51
:
nouufe pyxoeu. Caro fue ry une cnacof, saufo ako seren opyje roen pa
ro saryu u ueofof. Ocfauan car co cee, uecpekeu, cakan opuoeo pa sannae,
uo ce npucefun ua sopoeufe op npujafenof. Eorafcfeofo ja yuea pyuafa,
foa ro ycnokouno, u nperopeu pso sacnan eo pnaok cou.
Kako ruuyeano eperefo, faka u pauufe ce nekyeane u noranky onene.
My ce epafuna eecenocfa, nouan pa jape u pa nue u Eapa ja ofeopa uoeafa
neffa npukasua. Taa eceu cfpauua onecf ro uanapuana kpynuuof poufok.
Rofoa, cunauuuu ru uanapuane u nyrefo. Onycfene uenu cena. Cnuen Eapa
Jauu cnokojuo u xpen, cnuen kako rano usanafo pefe. Oruof ce yracuan, co-
afa cfauana cfypeua u ce npoypun. Ha ueroeufe noeukyeana uukoj op cnyru-
fe ue oproeapan. Mpfea fuuuua, uerano uukoro, u cfypeua nof ro oneana no
uenofo feno. Bneron eo coafa, a fary rpfeu neene nonoeufe Raurpafuj u
Aeepkuj, a pucarufe une opueceuu. Hukako ue roen pa cu ojacuu kako no
fonky ronufeu, earnupof opuoeo ce epafun eo ueroeafa rocfunuuua.
Yacuufe npukasuu ce pasrnacune uapaneky. Taka, eo rocfunuuuafa ro-
pan pa ro ruuyea caro peuof, a uaeeep ce npuupan eo Cnapfaroc. Cfauyean
c nocuporaueu u saopaeeu op cufe. Fo saopaeun u Ofeu Raquyfuj. Hran
npaeo u pa ro saopaeu, saufo noeeke ue roen kako nopauo pa ry yropyea co
euuo, co coneua pua u co ufo nu yufe ue! Bosypnueafa npukasua ru ura
ceoufe npoponeuuja u eo uecffafa u eo ceprafa rnaea co uoeu uacfauu, cny-
ku u nuuocfu. Muuafu ce pee ropuuu, u eo nponeffa 1840 ropuua, ce cnyyea
uecffafa, u pekne knyua cfopuja op packasof Ceeforopckuof earnup. Bo
uea ce jaeyeaaf fpojua uoeu nafuuuu kou cypuuafa ueruuoeuo ru pouecyea eo
snornacuafa rocfunuuua.
Eapa Jauu ru npepynpepun ofu e onacuo pa ce cnue eo rocfunuuuafa u
saypeuo npauan, saper ue cnyuuane uuufo sa raperckuof earnup. Fu coee-
fyean saepuo co uero eeepfa pa ja ruuaf eo cenofo. Cepuane nafuuuufe pa ja-
paf u pa nujaf, pa spueuaf op ponruof u uanopeu naf, u uerano soufo pa ue oc-
fauaf eo npokonuafafa rocfunuuua. Heka nokae cekoj op uue konky cfpae ura
eo cee, ce ueryeane. Jac uera uukape pa opar, pekon Cfojo, u popan ofu
uera cfpae op earunupu, a ppyrufe ueka npaeaf kako ufo cakaaf. He saruuy-
ean uufy Pouo, un yropeu u foj u ueroeuof kon, a konky sa earnupof uran
yae ppeuoe cfan. 3acpareu afko Cfojreu ce cornacun u foj pa ocfaue. A kon-
ky sa earnupof, caro ueka pojpe, fa ke ry ja pacepeen ryukafa kako pa e op
eapeua rnaea. Ce noronun Eapa Jauu, ur pekon ofu ru ronen kako npujafenu
u kako paka, sa uueuo popo, uo kora peuune faka ueka upe.
Ro fpufe (efepfa, neffa, uecffa) npukasuu eo kou aefopof ja pocfuruyea
u nocfojauo ja ppu kouqnukfuafa cufyauuja, cnepu pasepckafa eo ceprafa
npukasua. Taa ce oekyea co uufepec u uecfpnnueocf. euof e cpepa, 18 rapf,
npasuuua eeep eo koja ce neen roneruof kauou ua Auppeja Kpufcku. Repauf-
uufe nopafouu sa eperefo ua cnyyeanafa, euurafenuo ynafyeaaf peka foa ce
ceefu npasuuuu. Cekako, nucafenof ua ceoufe feopu co foa ur npuonufyea
noronera rucfuuocf kako epua ueroea feopeka kapakfepucfuka, uo nak, ro
urare foa u kako pen op porauuofo nafpujapxanuo eocnufyeane. Tafko ry
urufpuja Eooe un non, a nokpaj ceeufeuukafa paofa un u cencku yu-
fen, faka ufo eepafa u npoceefafa nocfojauo ce npennefyeaaf eo cyufuucku
uasuaku ua ueroeafa noefuka.
Haneruana uokfa, a rocfunuuuafa ja ucnonuune jyuaku u nyoeuu necuu
op rporkuof rnac ua Cfojreu. apeuu ce efupu cfuxa op npeafa, nyoeuafa
necua Mop Eorpauo, ranka rore! / Mepuu oko, nornepj re. / Mop, fu reue c ep-
52
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uofo, / A as fee u c peefe u pea cfuxa op jyuakafa necua sa Kpanu Mapko
euuo nue / Buuo nue fpuropuuuo. Co oeoj unycfpafueeu rafepujan, nucafenof
ua uajyae uauu ro saokpyyea concfeeuuof feopeku nopeur, fokry faka nop-
eur, ua useoupepuo qyukuuouanuo erpapyeane ua ycuafa uapopua eo yrefuu-
kafa uupueupyanua nufepafypa. Hera qopra, coppuua u aupu kou ue ru ko-
pucfen u nokaan kako fue qyukuuouupaaf eo epua aefopcka noefuka.
Yufenof Cfojau Eooe fouo ja cosuan epepuocfa ua qonknopof. Fopu-
uufe eo ceno Kpoeo, erupxucapcko u eo Heepokon ru kopucfen sa sanuuyea-
ne ua uapopuu necuu, npukasuu, nocnoeuuu, rafauku, eepyeana, ouau u ppy-
ro u ru ucnpakan sa ojaeyeane eo Copuukof sa uapopuu yrofeopeuuja, uayka
u kuuuuua. Muory op fue epepuu rafepujanu une u nynukyeauu (kuuru 4, 5,
6, 7, 9 u 10), noceuo jyuaku necuu.7)
opeka neen, peajuafa ueroeu ppyrapu fonky une reryceuo sanpukaa-
uu u ue ro saeneyeane, uufy nak ru cnyuane ueroeufe necuu. Opepuau ce
kpeuan cfpaueu fonof op koj uenafa kyka ce safpecna. Op uoeuof fponof, op
pauefe ua Cfojreu napuana farypafa, cekuana necuafa. Cakan ueufo pa ka-
e, ue roen, jasukof kako pa ry un epsau. Barnupof e, norucnun, foj fpona.
H op faeauof ckokuano pony ypoeuufefo, ce jaeuno kako cfpae u fpenef, op
uero sarpsuyeano cekoe cpue. A Cfojo u Pauo npoponyeane pa pasroeapaaf,
u eoonufo ue ro uu npurefyeane ypoeuufefo. Caro ce nornepyeane, u kako
uuufo pa ue suaene sa earnupof. A foj uanyfeu ce enyufun kou uue, pukuan
cfpauuo u ru pauupun enakuecfufe paue.
Ce uaqpnuno ypoeuufefo, uo yufe noeeke eps uero ce uaqpnune u
peajuafa npujafenu. Tonky ro fenane, ufo foa epuo epere co oeeku rnac no-
uano pa ronu pa ue ro fenaaf, apano npouka u runocf, eenen ofu e oeek u
un rpeuuuk, uo fue ro yuuufune. Ce curuane koufe u nop uue ce nojaeuna
eucfuucka oeeka rnaea cefa eo kpe. 3erane opfora u ry ru epsane pauefe, ro
cfaeune eo epeu aron op coafa, pa ue ur noerue. A npefenauuof uueeu ppy-
rap afko Cfojreu ucnyufun pyua, u saruuan ua ouoj ceef. Taka ry uno nu-
uauo, pekne npujafenufe, fa foj fpeano pa upe nocnepuafa pfea ua raper-
ckuof earnup.
Koj u noeepyean peka uekou Mapeauu kou une cnocouu caro pa opaaf
u pa konaaf, roene pa ro yuuufaf cfpauuuof earnup. Yfpofo cfuruan Eapa
Jauu co cnyrafa Cnupo u un eypoueeupeu kora ru uauon ueu ceoufe rocfu.
Hsueuapyeanafa kako pa uerane kpaj, kora ry pekne pa opu eo coafa u fary
pa ro eupu ypoeuufefo. Rokpaj ruoryfe napuna kou, uenuof eo kpe ry ce
eupen nosuaf oeekof ucnpyeu ua nopof, uo uukako pa ce cefu op kape ro
suaen. My ce ponuun u ue roen pa ur eepyea ua concfeeuufe ou. Toa un
ueroeuof eepeu npujafen Ofeu Raquyfuj. 3aper faa ceefa pyua roena pa
upe earnup! ypu forau ru paspan ueroeufe coeefu ofu fpea pa ce ronu u
pa ce kpcfu sa pa ru usrouu nouufe pyxoeu, pa ue kopucfu opyje saufo ke ro
sarposu concfeeuuof ueof. Tokry foj, ueroeuof uajpoap npujafen u ry ro sen
orafcfeofo. Kasuafa ro cfuruana op pauefe ua Eapa Jauu. Eun oeceu ua
epuo ppeo.
3aruuan earnupof uenoepafuo u papocfa u cpekafa opuoeo ce epafune
rery nyrefo. Fu cuerano rnapof, onecfufe u crpffa. Ha npasuukof op 18 rapf,
ocfauano sanuuauo ofu foj peu sa narefene ce cnyuno ypo eo Afou, Cfojo u
Pouo ro qafune raperckuof earnup u ja cnacune op rnapyeane uenafa Afou-
cka Fopa. Rapapokcof eo npukasuafa ja uran eosepafuafa repka unu yufe no-
53
:
fouo npaepafa kako npecypa. Eapa Jauu un eepuuk u poap oeek, faka ce
npukayean npep nyrefo, a ecyuuocf un ceueu uspop koj ce rpuen sa con-
cfeeuafa narocfoja u co fyrafa nof u fpyp cakan pa ro uanonuu ceojof ueua-
cufeu cforak. eocrucneuuof npaeponyue u ecfuf xpucfujauuu ro poun
ceojof peojuuk eo nukof ua Ofeu Raquyfuj. Ceefo nuue, ueuacufuo u snouo y-
poeuufe, nuuerep u uufpurauf. anu cyjekfof sacfauaf npep ornepanofo ua
ueofof u ua eucfuuafa ue ce npecnukan u caruof cee ce noruoun kako nuk
u kapakfep.
Becenufe cfpauuuu ucnuuauu eo packasufe ua Cfojau Eooe ce caro ua-
eupyr eecenu. Korepujafa nouyea co rauufe u uepocfafouufe ua Mapeauufe,
co uerafueuufe noceuocfu kou npepacuane eo suak ua uueua kapakfepua pu-
reusuja u qunosoquja ua nocfoene u pejcfeyeane. Fppufe ueufa kako narafa
u usrarafa, kpapenefo u ueeepcfeofo, orpasafa u nuuerepuefo opepuau u
ecfoko ja perpapupaaf korepujafa eo uajupua fparepuja. 3aepuuufeofo, rok-
fa u cunafa op eecenufe cfpauuuu ua ersucfeuuujafa cfauyeaaf ocareuocf, ue-
rok u nopasuja eo fauufe u onuufe ruroeu kou ce usponyeaaf eo ropuuu u
eekoeu. Caruof u uecpekeu oeek kako paraknoe re ja uocu concfeeuafa cyp-
uua, uo npofue uero co ocypa u co kareuyeane opuoeo ce ucnpeyea konekfu-
eof. A rery uue enapee coepueuo paeeucfeo. Rocfou nu usraruuk u usrareu,
ura nu noepuuk u nopaseu, panu ueuof ue e u rpfoe oeek.
apafa ua saeneyeane ua pefanufe kou rosauuo ja rpapaf cnoe-
uocfa ua oeekof, ueofof u ceefof, yecfeofo pa ce npouukue pnaoko eo ua-
popuocuafa ncuxonoruja, pa ce ponpe uauuouanuafa fpapuuuja u koufuuyufef,
pa ce cospape ranepuja op nukoeu u kapakfepu, ypecuafa u raruuafa afroc-
qepa, ueuof pujanor cekako ce uecnopuu epepuocfu eo packasufe sa Mapea-
uufe ua Cfojau Eooe. Hra eo uue epeu cneuuqueu rarueu peanusar koj
fouo ru ura u ceoufe jyuauu u ceojof npocfop, ro ura nuuofo epere ua npe-
nosuaeane u ua npecospaeane, ue pefko uus rufckofo ponuyeajku ry ce enc-
kofo cnukane. Taka packasufe ua Eooe kako pa cfauyeaaf cnuku kou uraaf
rok pa upaf fpajua fpara sa parueuuu ruuafufe eperuna uu ersucfeuuujan-
uu uopru ocfauane u eo coepereuocfa, eo upuofo epere kako ceepouu peka
npeepfeuocfufe ocfauane pa upaf eo uac u uacekape okony uac.

:

AufouL R. CfounoeL, ELnrapcku kuuoeuuuu ofL Makepouun, ku. 2, 1879-1912,
Rpupeopua Reafuuua, Coqun, 1928, cfp. 34; ELnrapcku kuuronucL sa cfo
ropuuu 1806 - 1905, rafepuanu, cLpa u uapepu A. TeopopoeL EanauL, usp.
ELnrapckofo kuuoeuo ppyecfeo eLe Coqun ofL qoupL HanppLkL,
Coqun, 1909, cfp. 331, 969-967.
epo Benn u pepo Mufo, ofL C. . E-oeL., usp. Kuuapuuuafa ua A. HukoeL,
CepL, 1891, cfp. 24.
C. . EooeL, Epua nponefua eeepL, Kuuuuu sa npoufL, ConyuL, rop. 1895,
ku. 6, cfp. 1-8.
CfonuL n. EooeL, Makepouun, Coqun, rop. 2, ku. 1, 15 AnpunL 1904 rop., cfp. 6.
Ceeforopcku ernup, ofL C. . E., usp. Kuuapuuuafa ua A. F. HukoeL, CepL,
1892, cfp. 32.
Cf. . EooeL, OfeuL Raquyfu, Kuuuuu sa npoufL, ConyuL, rop. 1891, ku. 8-
12, cfp. 80-112.
A. R. CfounoeL, ucfo, cfp. 34.
54






JOYOUS PAGES ABOUT THE MARVARIANS:
STOJAN BOZOV

Vasil Tocinovski

(Summary)


In the tradition and continuity of macedonian narrative from 19century,
Stojan Bozov has his own place and signification. He published two books with
narratives: Grandad Veljo and grandad Mito (Skopje, 1891) and Svetagoras
vampire (Sophia, 1892). He was collaborator with the journal Booklets for
reading (Solun, 1891-1895). In his prose, the joyous pages of the life recount
terrifically about the character and life of the people in Sersko and Nevrokopsko.
As a raconteur, he reached for the human failings and faults, for subjectivity and
speciality, he touched the secret thinks and feelings of the small and ordinary man.
He created narratives which we read interested. As a teacher and revolutionary, as
a folklorist, raconteur and poet, all the time he was between the people. He re-
make the people in beautiful literature.


55







CONTEMPORARY MACEDONIAN LITERATURE
56
57


821.163.3-2.09
Hseopeu uayeu fpyp






-

. ,


: , , ,
, .
keywords: The Black Arab, The Shadow, darkness of unconscious, archetypal
representations, individuation.


Hayuafa paofunuuua eo parkufe ua npoekfof :

1
eue noeop sa noefopeu npouf ua
pparckuof punfux ua Feopru Cfanee, u , koj, uajnpeuu,
nneuu co ceojafa noefuuocf, co pnaouuafa ua nupckuof fpenfe npu noefo-
peuofo npoueyeane ua pparafukafa ua npecfanof ufo ro npukayeaaf oeue
pee pparu cuuupof ua fparuuafa euua, koj ru noepsyea cufe eknyeuu npo-
farouucfu: cecfpafa, pafof u ueroeufe nopafuru, eo uepackuunue jason ua
uueuafa ueape nanoua uuuecfyosua noepsauocf. Hus uea, nak, ruorykpafuo
npopupa cekorau opuoeo npucyfuafa ua nukof ua Upua Apanuua eo
cufe uejsuuu eanepu, co cunuuafa ua pparafukafa ua oekyeanefo ua ueroeafa
nojaea. Bcyuuocf, eeke onpucyfuefa eo npecfanof. Heroea npefnocfaeka eeke.
Tokry ke cfaue sop u sa ynorafa ua Ceuka (eo ncuxonouka crucna) ua
nukof ua Upua Apanuua eo pparckuof punfux ua Cfanee. Bo npukaauuof ceef
ua oeue pparu ueroeofo upuuno ja pouea crucnafa ua feruuuafa ua ncuxu-
kofo ueceecuo, koe ce onuuefeopyea eo npouecof ua uupueupyauujafa ua ua-
cnoeuufe jyuauu: ojuu u Aurenuua jyuauufe nosuafu op uapopuofo npepa-
uue kako Eoneu ojuu u Pena Aurenuua. Yocfa ua Aurenuua Cfanee ja rapku-
pa co nocfojauuof enufef enonakfa, nosajreu op Xorepoeuof ycuonoefuku
cfun, co koj, nak, oeoj cekojnaf ja osuayea yaeuuafa ua cnapfauckafa kpanuua
Eneua, ue rpauyeane op cfpaua ua Rapuc ke upe noeop sa Tpojauckafa eoj-
ua. Hacnpofu upuunofo ua Upua Apanuua, koj cfou kako curuafypa sa anuufe

1
Hayuafa paofunuuua eo parkufe ua oeoj eeponcku ucfpayeaku npoekf sa noefuka e
xepreueefuka ce oppa eo MAHY, Ckonje, ua 14 uoerepu 2009 r. kako pononuufenua uayua
pacnpaea no ojaeyeanefo ua fpefuof for ua npoekfof Hufepnpefauuu, The Black Arab as a
Figure of Memory (Kulavkova, 2009). Oeoj fekcf eue npunoeu kako coonufeuue eo parkufe
ua paofunuuuafa.
58
-
u cfpauuu coufuja ua npukaauuof pparcku ceef, onckofu
yocfa ua Aurenuua. Ojacuyeane ua uupekcuuafa nojaea ua nukof ua Upua
Apanuua sa pparafukafa ua cypupof ua Upuofo u Eenofo, Teruuuafa u Ceef-
nuuafa, paea u Kynaekoea uucucfupajku ua uueuafa npequrypafueua, apxefun-
cka nojaea, npu koja epuofo cekorau ce jaeyea kako qurypa ua ppyruof:

, , ,
, ,
.
. , , -
-
, ,
, ,
, , ,
, (-
, ).
( ),
,
-
, , , -
, , -
...(Kulavkova, 2009:22).
Onceuofo ucnepyeane ua Kynaekoea ua pasnuuufe rufcku u ucfopucku
akfyanusauuu ua yuueepsanuafa rafpuua ua Upuofo, op Upu Eor po Upua Apa-
nuua, npu uejsuuofo coopuecyeane co Eenofo, ro ponyufa nnypanufefof ua
suaeuckufe koufekcfyanusauuu npu oppenuufe nojaeu ua oeaa fpujapua qury-
pa uanonuo eo pyxof ua Jyuroeofo pasrpauuyeane ua nouranefo ua koukpef-
uufe apxefunckufe npefcfaeu (cnuku u upeu) uacnpofu apxefunof-kako-fakoe,
uja curonuuocf ry ce usronkuyea ua cekoj oup sa ueroea epuosuaua kou-
fekcfyanusauuja (Jyur, 1978: 31). Offary, u oeoj npouf ua pparckafa koufekc-
fyanusauuja ua fpujapuafa qurypa Upua Apanuua, Eoneu ojuu u Pena Aure-
nuua coppu useecua peocrucneuocf. Op epua cfpaua, ro ponyufa fonkyeane-
fo ua nukof ua Upua Apanuua kako nepcouuquuupau apxefun, Ceuka, eo opuoc
ua pafof, ojuu. Ha oea paruuufe ua fonkyeanefo Upua Apanuua e suqf-up-
uofo ornepano ua nuuofo ueceecuo ua ojuu. Rpep sakauafa ua uapoarakafa
feruuua foj ce cooyea co Upua Apanuua kako co cee (Cpepafa co uac caru-
fe, ecyuuocf, suau cpepa co concfeeuafa Ceuka, Jyur, 2003: 28). Ho op ppy-
ra cfpaua, ucfoepereuo, rarujafa ua noefopyeanefo eo nocnepoeafenuocfa ua
pparufe, noefopyeanefo ua napanufuuafa fpujapua cpepa eo cypupof, eo
npeafa, a nofer u eo efopafa ppara, cera noefopuo, kako u uekorau, kako u
yfpe, ponyufa pparckuof cypup ufo u e uraueufeu ua fpujapuafa qurypa,
npu uejsuuofo noefopyeane, eo cpepafa ua pafof u cecfpafa kako cpepa co
ppyropopuuof eo cee, co concfeeuafa Auura (eo Eoneu ojuu) opuocuo Auu-
ryc (eo Aurenuua), pa upe npofonkyeau u kako funuua cufyauuja ufo yka-
yea ua apxefun ua npeopasa co yuueepsanua curonuka (Jyur, 2003: 43).
parckuof ceef ua Cfanee eo oeoj punfux ru ponyufa peefe fonkyeana. Rpeo-
fo, ua paruuufefo ua cekoja ppara oppenuo, efopofo, ua paruuufefo ua epuu-
cfeeuuof suaeucku nofeuuujan ua punfuxof, koj ro eknyyea, opuocuo ro uarna-
cyea noefopyeanefo ua funuuafa cufyauuja ua kpusa, koja ro npocnepyea npo-
uecof ua npeopasafa npu uupueupyauujafa.
59




parckuof punfux npukayea ceoeeupuo nocfqecfyr-noefopeuo npou-
eyeane ua fparuuufe coufuja ua npecfanof. Bo oefe pparu foa ce cnyyea
uekape ua rerafa rery couof u jaeefo, rery oeoj u ouoj ceef, eo npocfopof ua
uecnokojof ua pyuufe ufo co cee ro uocaf concfeeuuof nekon. parckofo pej-
cfeo, faka, ce cnyyea uekape ua rerafa ua noefopyeanefo ua npecfanof u ue-
roeafa ucnoeep. Bo oupof pparckofo pejcfeo ua punfuxof ua Cfanee pa ce
cnopepu co ucfofo eo pparufe ua Coqokne, u npufoa rucnar ua pasnukafa
ufo ro penu pparckofo pejcfeo ua ofkpueanefo u ocosuaeanefo ua popockeep-
uuof npecfan eo op ueroeafa ucnoeep no ruory ropuuu fankane
uus naeupuufof ua concfeeuafa ucnycfeua pyua eo , forau u
pekna peka pparckuof punfux ua Cfanee eo ucnoeepuofo cooyeane ua fparu-
uo noepsauufe npofarouucfu ecyuuocf caro yufe epuau ja nofeppyea cypuu-
cku ur popeneuafa fparuka ua saeruafa ynafeuocf eo esusnesof ua cnupana-
fa ua uueuuof cypup: , kako u , kako u . He ce cfacyea po uc-
noeep ufo pouecyea peueuue u ocnoopyeane op npecfanof, npu koja npofaro-
uucfufe ua npecfanof u ce eupene/packaane ceecu kako pa rnepaaf/packa-
yeaaf ppyr. Oeaa ceefofajucka cuna ua ucnoeepfa ufo 4enrau ja npenosuaea
u nakauoecku ja fonkyea kako Epunoe fauaforpaqcku ceeucnuc eo
(Felman, 1992:258-310), ue e poceruafo paruuufe ua uspasof npu noefo-
peuofo npoueyeane ua npecfanof op cfpaua ua npofarouucfufe ua pparckuof
ceef ua Cfanee. Cenak, ceoeeupuafa pucfauua ufo ja oesepyea uueuofo c-
yufe-ue-ucnoeepuo paruuufe eo npenoefopyeanefo ua cueuapuofo ua npecfa-
nof (kako noefopuo opurpyeane ua ucfufe ynoru npu ceecfa sa uueuafa epuau
eeke opurpauocf), u eoepuo, ueroeo nporucnyeane, nonpaeo nporucnyeane ua
concfeeuafa ynora eo uero, ecyuuocf e ucnonsyeaua kako norecfyeane ufo
oeosroyea kako eqekf ua ncuxoauanufukuof uu ua npenoefopyeanefo ua
pparckofo pejcfeo pa ce ornacu nupukafa ua fparusrof ua cekoj op npofarouuc-
fufe ufo kako koueua ja ojaeyea caro cufyauujafa ua fparuua ofkopuafocf
op ceefof, eo pocnepuocfa ua ceecu.
Kakea e reryfoa faa ceuocf ua oeue npofarouucfu ufo ke ja cnosuaaf
carufe ornepyeajku ce eo suqf-upuofo ornepano ua nojaeafa ua Apanuua?
Bcyuuocf, eo pparufe ua Cfanee ce cnyyea fokry uejsuuofo ofkpuea-
ne. eofakfuo. Hus npusrafa ua ojuu, a nofer u uus npusrafa ua Aurenuua,
kou saepuo, eo noefopyeanefo, uuaf npequrypauuja ua yuueepsanuafa curo-
nuka ua ncuxukafa npeopasa.



Bo npeafa ppara, Eoneu ojuu, ukouuuo npukoeau sa kpeeefof, ce coo-
yea co ceukufe ua op uero yueuufe nopafuru. Epeu no ppyr, npep ueroeuof
ceeufeu opap eo packocfeuocfa u pasrnoeuocfa, ce nojaeyeaaf oesrnaeeuufe
ceuuuuu nojaeu ua Yrep Euakuja, Mufpe Roropjaue u Rnefukoca Raene,
poeukauu co cunafa ua ueroeuof uerup ua yueu nu, ua usueeepeu nu, konky u
co uueuuof uecnokoj ua kaaefof nu, unu ua epafa sa opraspa?
Cekoja op uueuufe nojaeu, eo opuoc ua ojuua, uueuuof kpeuuk, e rpapu-
paua eo crucnafa ua ojuuoeo cooyeane co ceecu. Ho npufoa, cekoj op uue
ce uarefuyea u co oeeufuuafa ua concfeeuofo onuje.
60
-
Hcfo fonky konky ufo fpeeouo nupcku nposeyyeaaf farafa u ropuuafa
eo ojuuoeofo opakane: , ..., uspeeuu kako saep-
ueu, nofkoeyeaku cfux, koj no cuof uauus op peruuucueuuuu ua uekorau cpek-
uofo nopafurcfeo ja ofeopa espuafa ua usueeepafa ua nopafurcfeofo,
paruocunuo nposeyyea u Yrepoeuof oproeop, koj ceueu nop perefo ua euua-
fa npep nopafurof co faroeeu nareuf kako onpaepyeane ja ojaeyea ueroeafa
eucfuua. Heroeafa ropuua, ecyuuocf. Eperefo u npokoafa ua ueroeofo
onuje, koe ro cfanucyea npep yaeuuafa ua ouaa ue ure ce puryea co enu-
uafa u ceefnuuafa. (Uufupauufe cfuxoeu ce eo qyukuuja ua uueokauuja ua nu-
puuocfa eo koja ce opeuea pparckofo pejcfeo.)
, !.../ /
/ - -
:/ /( ,
!)/ , , , /, ,
(Cfanee, 2002:12)
Cekoja uoea nojaea, reryfoa, ua yueuufe nopafuru, c nocreno uacfa-
nyea eo oppaua ua concfeeuuof usop npep Aurenuua, npep ojuua, ocfaeaj-
ku u ua ojuuoeafa noepepeua pafcka u nopafurcka ecf c noranky npoc-
fop pa ce pacneuyea, npufucuyeajku ro, npuuypyeajku ro ojuua c noeeke pa
ce upeufuqukyea co uue, pa ce eupu ceecu eo uue u npep Aurenuua.
parckofo pejcfeo ce opeuea napanenuo, suau ua pee paruuufa. Op
epua cfpaua, foa c noeeke ro cooyea ojuua co uero caruof npep cecfpa ry.
Tyka pparckofo pejcfeo uaeucfuua eo ruory uanukyea ua Coqokneeofo. Bo faa
crucna ocoeuo npopykfueua e ynorafa ua xopof ceuuuuu peeojku, uanuk ua
Epuuuu, kou (eo pujanor co ojuua) ja npocnepyeaaf cekoja ueroea cpepa co
nopafurufe. Ho ecyuuocf, ucfoepereuo, ce cnyyea u saeruo npouuupane ua
ojuu eo ueroeufe nopafuru. H uueuo eo uero. Bo ucnoeepfa ua cekoj op uue,
usueceua eo nupckuof u fpeeoeu rauup ua Yrepoeafa, Aurenuua ce jaeyea eo
ceefnuuafa ua uejsuuofo kornesafopcko ruoryonuje: faa e fonnuua ua raj-
uuuof ckyf sa cupakof Mufpe Roropjaue, ofenofeopeuue ua Majkafa Eoja sa
ufufeuukof uspacuaf eps npaefa ua rpouufafa u eo usseruuuafa ua upkoeuu-
fe u rauacfupcku supoeu, Rnefukoca Raene. Bo uueuafa fpukpafua nojaea, uac-
npera ojuua, faa, Aurenuua, oncuyea cpepe ropunafa ua uueuufe ucnoee-
pu u kako cecfpa u kako rajka u kako eua u ceefuua u npecfanuuua. 3a cekoj op
uue noceuo, eo ufo, kako u eo nopafurcfeofo, fue ce u npep uea usparuefu.
Bo oeue ucnoeepu uueuofo nopafurcfeo pouea ppyra pureusuja. Ro
npecfanof, uus uero u eo cooyeane co uero, ojuu u ueroeufe nopafuru ce
usparuyeaaf ua epeu uauu ufo ufuo ce pasnukyea op ouoj co koj ce usparue-
fu nopauo, eo ceefofo nypuno ua roreukafa pasynaeeuocf u ueckpofeuocf eo
urpafa, a ujaufo sarya e nocfojau useop ua onuu cnoreuu u faroeuu pe-
ruuucueuuuu.
: ,/ , / /
/ / ,// -
,/ , -
/ , , / /
, , !/ ,
.../ , , ,/
/ , , ?.../ ,....(2002:10)
Bo oeaa crucna, oeaa ppara ua Cfanee ocoeuo npopykfueuo roe pa
upe fonkyeaua u eo uacoka ua npunuforyeanefo ua ueckpofeuafa rauka cu-
61

na. Rpufoa, uoeafa pureusuja ua nopafurcfeofo ufo ja ornacyea oeaa ppara
e ouaa eo ofkpueanefo ua ppyrafa cfpaua ua nypocfa ua urpafa, ofkpueanefo
ua concfeeuafa cnpenuafocf, ocypeuocf ua uepocfafuocf, ofkopuafocf op ep-
uofuocfa co ceefof, eo crpfuofo onuje ua ra.
3a ynorafa, nak, ua Upua Apanuua, koj nocnepeu ce jaeyea eo cnepof ua
nojaeufe ua nopafurufe, oepe ue sappyeajku ce noceuo, caro ke cnoruar
peka foj e ecyuuocf caro kafanusafop ua oua ufo eeke nocfou eo u rery uue.
Uenofo pparcko pejcfeo e qpnane ceefnuua eps feruuuafa ufo foj ja npefcfa-
eyea. Toj e sakaua ufo caro uaeupyr poara op uapeop u koja ro uuuuupa uueuo-
fo cooyeane uus ppyruof co cee. Bo nopafurcfeofo u npep Aurenuua. Offa-
ry, pokonky oeaa ppara ja fonkyeare kako ojuuoeo cooyeane co concfeeuo-
fo ueceecuo, co concfeeuafa Ceuka, u koueuo, co Upua Apanuua, forau npufoa
ropare pa koucfafupare peka nukoeufe ua nopafurufe ce caro eanepu ua
ueroeafa nojaea co koja (kako co cee) ce cooyea ojuu.
Carafa Aurenuua eo oeaa ppara ce ornacyea uus concfeeuafa ceuka ua
caruof kpaj, eo ocuoea nofeppyeajku ja cnnofeuocfa ua concfeeuafa nnof co
pafoeafa. Oea nocfeneuo, eo cnupanafa ua uaepakanafa ro ofeopa suaeu-
ckuof koufekcf ua ncuxonoukofo uanypyeane ua pafof u cecfpafa, ojuu u
Aurenuua, u uus npusrafa ua uueuofo onuuefeopyeane ua ueceecuo nofucua-
fufe Auuryc u Auura. Bo faa crucna, eo oeaa, npea ppara op punfuxof, Aure-
nuua e ucfo faka onuuefeopeuocf ufo ce jaeyea eo oceefnyeanefo ua ojuuo-
eafa feruuua unu Ceuka.



Hejsuuafa ppara ua eua (u cecfpa u rajka u ceefuua u npecfanuuua) e
nocfaeeua eo efopuof pen ua punfuxof. Oepe ce packpunyea uejsuuafa euurra
eo opuocof co cekoj op uue noceuo: ojuu, Yrep, Mufpe, Rnefukoca Raene
pparckufe nojaeu ua uejsuuofo cooyeane co concfeeuuof Auuryc. parckofo
pejcfeo ro curynupa noefopyeanefo ua uekorauuofo. ojuu, npep sakauafa ua
npucfuruyeanefo ua Upua Apanuua eo Conyucko Rone, noefopuo ja ucnpaka,
kako u uekorau, kaj cekoj op nopafurufe pa noapa norou op uue. Aurenuua,
co cekoj op uue, noefopuo ce cooyea kako eua co ra u paf unu nopafur
ua pafof. Bo uueuofo nopafurcfeo u faa e epsaua co uue ua ucfuof uauu.
Kou cekoj op nopafurufece nokayea, ja nokayea ucfafa npuepsauocf kakea
ufo nokayea u kou pafa cu, ojuua. Kako nouuaky u ro npofonkyeane uejsu-
uofo ceepapyeane ua cekoj op uue noceuo kora suaere peka cekoj op uue e
coyecuuk eo kpeaeuof snocfop ua knanefo ua uejsuuuof nyeu, Xenuuk-Reja.
Hcfuof ouoj co koro eo qpycfpupauocfa ce cnopepyea Yrep. Bo uueuofo kpeaeo
yucfeo ua Xenuuk-Reja, op saeucf u nyoropa, nopafurufe ce usepuaeuu
co uueuuof kpeuuk u nopafur ojuu, koj ke ru yue op ucfufe unu cpopuu npu-
uuu. Ho uufy snocfopof ua nopafurufe, uufy pafoeuof eps uue, ue ke ro op-
epafu nornepof ua Aurenuua op uue. Hejsuuuof Auuryc e noepepeu. Taa nacue-
uo ur ce nopaea ua ueroeufe uerafueuo acnekfupauu uanosu. Hnu kako ufo foa
ke ro uspasu epua op ceuuuuufe peeojku eo ynora ua xop:

I : ,/ , -
/ ,/ /
. (2002:25)
62
-
A koj u nuen ua uea noeeke op pafa u
Carafa Aurenuua eo epeu rur ke pee:

: / / -
.../ , -
/ !/ ! (2002:45)

Hra nu uekoj ufo e nocunuo saeeufau co ceefocfa ua yfpoafa op cecfpa-
fa npep pafof? ypu u kora pakafa saeruo ce yueaaf? (kako ufo enpoer, eo
epua nouuakea npukasua, foa ro onuuefeopyea u Coqokneeafa Aufuroua).
H cufe ce epuakeo noepsauu eo cuuupof ua npecfanof eo oeaa npukasua sa
nnoffa, npukasua sa kpefa, kako ufo pekoe nouanpep, ueape co nanoua epeua.
Rpukasuafa sa nnoffa u kpefa, reryfoa, eo pparckuof ceefoycfpoj ua or-
nepanuu npoekuuu, ecyuuocf napuna op rosaukof ua onpucyfuefofo perou-
cko nuue eo sakauafa ua Upuuof Apanuu, eo euckafa eepsuja ua fparepujafa,
ouaa ua Aufuroua, pacnpepyea yufe epua uepocfafuocf, uejsuuafa cnpenua-
focf eo espefuocfa. Rofnupajku ja ceojafa cuara eps cuarafa ua janauufe-no-
pafuru, uejsuuufe nopapeuu paue ce oesnucfeuu nunana ua Mepysa, ronfa-
ka uekakea ufo ua cufe ur uocu nponacf, carafa eo uerouocf pa saepse ko-
peu u pa usnese op eufenof ua ornepanuufe npoekuuu: cecfpa, rajka, eua,
ceefuua, rpeuuuua, cefo foa saepuo.
Upuuof Apanuu, u fyka, saepuuo, ce ornacyea kako curonuko, cynur-
uo nuue ua npoknefcfeofo ua nnoffa, ua onueuocfa ua nnoffa eo oeek o-
ju. Ceojafa koueua npecypa erouof - Upuuof Apanuu ja uspeyea ueape us-
peyeajku uajfeuka kasua:

, ! / /
./ :/
/ !...
(2002:95)

Rofcreeanefo, fa pypu sakauafa ua oea uspeeuo eefyeane,
npousneryeaaf ue caro op npecepfyeanefo ua cuufarrafa ua ceefocfa eo
poafa ua orooeekof eo oeekof oju, uufy nak fonky op uarnacyeanefo ua
oeceefeuocfa eo naferuocfa ua uuof ua sauyeanefo eo uekoja cnyajua
cpepa. Tue npeeucfeeuo npousneryeaaf op npecepfyeanefo ua suaenafa ua
onueuocfa/onueuocfufe eo oeoj pparcku punfux u uueuofo ocrucnyeane eo
koufekcfof ua npoknefcfeofo ua nnoffa u kpefa. Hueuafa npokoa e caro
koueuo onuuefeopeua eo nukof ua Upuuof Apanuu, koj ce jaeyea uausreuuuo
kako ojuuoea, opuocuo Aurenuuuua feruuua.
Bo opuoc ua Aurenuua, foj, Upua Apanuua, uejsuuuof Auuryc, ro ofkpuea
u uejsuuofo nofucuafo nuue eo nuuefo ojuuoeo. Hejsuuuof Auuryc, ouoj uj
uerafueeu acnekf ce jaeyea, nnaruyea cekorau kora euafa ke ce enyu eo
uekoro, ufo ce fonkyea kako uajronera fparepuja ua uerafueuuof Auuryc (fon
Franz, cnopep Boa, 2005:149), a koro pparafa ro npukayea eo ecof u
snocfopof ua yucfeofo ua uejsuuuof nyoeuuk Xenuuk-Reja op cfpaua ua
ojuu u ueroeufe nopafuru. Hejsuuuof, nak, uerafueeu acnekf ua nofucuafa
Auura (koja uapoara npu ceeornepyeanefo eo feruuuafa), eo opuoc ua ojuu
u eo opuoc ua co uero npep uea usparuefufe nopafuru, e uspaseu eo uejsuua-
63

fa npupopa ua femme fatal, uu, cnoruaere, oesnucfeuu nunana ua Mepysa
nu, Fonfaka nu, eo cnenunofo ua uejsuuuof ec ru uocaf janoeocfa u nycfouof
kako ceoja cyuuocf.
Koukpefuafa nojaea ua Upua Apanuua eo saepuuuuufe ua peefe pparu e
peucu uanonuo peknapafueua. Taa ruory nocunuo u pparafcku u nupcko-
noefcku ce ornacyea eo sapuuuafa ua npukaauufe opuocu, ua paruuufefo ua
pnauuckafa akfaufcka cfpykfypa, ua koeufo cufe npofarouucfu ce ecyuuocf
koueuo peanusupauu eo usparuyeanefo co oeoj perou ua oesnuyeanefo,
koj ecyuuocf ru pouecyea xaocof u yacof ua npeopasafa eo cooyeanefo co
feruuuafa ua ceuocfa.


:

Boa, Frejzer
(2005), Svet snova. As-Sovex, Beograd.
Felman, Shoshana
(1987) cques Lacan and the Adventure of Insight. Psihoanalysis in Contemporary Culture.
Cambridge, London. [uuf.cn. Felman, Shoshana, S onu stranu Edipa: primjerene price
psihoanalize, Suvremena teorija pripovjedanja, Globus, Zagreb, cfp.258-310]
Jung, Carl Gustav
(1978), Dinamika nesvesnog, Matica Srpska, Beograd
(2003), Arhetipovi i kolektivno nesvesno. Atos, Beograd.
Kulavkova, Kata
(2009), From a Black God toa a Black Arab: different mythical and historical actualizations
of the universal matrix of Black, The Black Arab as a Figure of Memory, UNESCO,
MANU, Skopje, page 21-48.
Cfanee, Feopru
(2002), Eoneu ojuu, Aurenuua, , Mafuua Makepoucka, Ckonje.

64






THE DRAMATIC DIPTYCH BY GEORGI STALEV

Nataa Avramovska

(Summary)


The analysis of the dramatic diptych by Georgi Stalev, Bolen Dojchin and
Angelina [personal names, in translation as: The Sick Dojchin and Angelina],
examines the chain of tragic guilt which binds all of the involved participants: the
sister, the brother, his brethren, through an unbreakable bond, of their seeming
umbilical connectivity, while seen through the prism of the always, once again,
present shadow of the character of Crna Arapina [The Black Arab] already
staged in the offense. In the represented world of these plays his Blackness/The
Black Arab becomes the meaning of the darkness of the psychic unconscious,
which is actualized in the process of the individuation of the titular heroes: Dojchin
and Angelina (otherwise known throughout the Balkans folklore as Bolen Dojchin
and Lepa Angelina [The Sick Dojchin and The Beautiful Angelina]). The various
mythic and historic actualizations of the universal matrix of the Black, while being
confronted with the White, afford the plurality of the knowledge-based
contextualizations which are found in some occurrences of this triadic figure.
Following the spirit of the Jungian tradition, to delineate the concrete archetypal
representations (images and ideas) against the archetype-as-it-is, whose
symbolism eludes any attempt of pigeonholing, therefore, this reading of the
dramatic contextualization of the triadic figure of The Black Arab, The Sick Dojchin
and The Beautiful Angelina contains a degree of ambiguity. On the one hand, it
allows for an interpretation of the character of The Black Arab as a personified
archetype, The Shadow, particularly in relationship to the given titular hero, Bolen
Dojchin. At this level of interpretation The Black Arab is the pitch-black mirror of the
personal unconscious of the brother Dojchin. In the first of the two plays, he, when
faced with the threat of the impeding darkness, faces up to The Black Arab as if
facing up to ones self. On the other hand, concurrently, the magic of the repetition
of the paralytic triadic encounter in the confrontation, originally in the first play, then
also in the second one, once again, as in the past, as in the future, allows for a
dramatic confrontation which is immanent to the triadic figure, through its repetition,
to be interpreted also as a typical situation which points to an archetype of
transformation with universal symbolism. The dramatic world created by Stalev in
this diptych allows for the two interpretations. The former, at the level of each play
viewed separately, the latter, at the level of the common knowledge-based
denominator of the diptychs potential, which includes, that is to say, accentuates
the repetition, a typical situation of crisis which ushers in the transformation.
65


821.163.3-31.09
Hseopeu uayeu fpyp



, ,



- -

. ,


: , , , ,

key words: novel, political, Jovan Pavlovski, stereotypes, etnicity

, ,
!
(Joeau Raenoecku)

, ,
, .
(Kapnoc pyroup pe Auppepe)


Oncepuafa, op epua cfpaua, co ferafa ufo e unu nofouo, soufo e nufe-
pafypafa eo ycnoeu ua fpausuuuja, ueuenucxopua pejuocf eo epere ckypuo
unu epuucfeeuo roua anfepuafuea, a op ppyra, co oua ufo uraronorujafa, ec-
fefukafa ua rurpauuu u nocfkonouujanuufe cfypuu ro uocaf kako cosuauue, ro
npenpoufyear ecejof ua Apraupo huuu Murpauuufe u nufepafypafa (cerau-
ua u uea poa) u cqakar: enapeauufe u nofuuefufe, nopauuuufe, cekorau
ke uajpaf uauu pa ro kaaf ceojof rnac. Rpauanefo e - ura nu koj pa ru ye?
(...) cekoja enoxa ura ceoj rnac kojufo fpea pa upe uckaau, pa ue sopyea-
re sa foa peka fpea pa upe yeu op ouue ufo yreaf pa cnyuaaf. Ouue ufo
ycneeaaf pa ro uckaaf ceojof rnac ce kuueeuuuufe u yrefuuuufe, qunosoqu-
fe u xyrauucfufe. Bopeu op uckycfeofo, reryfoa, nouae pa eepyear peka
epuucfeeuo fue ce noprofeeuu pa ry ce noceefaf ua ucfpayeanefo ua foj
rnac u ua ueroeofo pasropyeane (...) He cfauyea sop caro sa cnpofuecfaeyea-
ne, fyky sa ofeopane ua nafof kou epua nosppaea upuuua, sa cufe (...) u peka
sa oeekufe cyufecfea ue nocfou ppyra upuuua, oceeu ouaa ufo uu ja uypu
yrefuocfa, kako ufo eeneue Jocuq Epopcku. (huuu, 2004)
Cnojyeajku ru eo epuo punerufe okony npauanefo ufo foa kuueeuocfa
apa eo Makepouuja eo ycnoeu ua fpausuuuja u ekouorcka uerok, npepuseuka-
66
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uo uajeepojafuo op poeepauuofo uaue pnaoko yepyeane (sa eonja ua euc-
fuuafa, npesereuo op sanapuafa noefuka) peka ecfefckuof uspas kakoe ufo e
kuueeuuof, npep c ja pouea ceojafa epepuocf eo saeucuocf op ecfefckafa
ucfofa, uacnpofu c nornacuofo apane yrefuocfa ua sopof pa npesere
nuua oproeopuocf eo urefo ua npaeepuocfa u qep-fpefrauof, kou uraronoru-
jafa, ecfefukafa ua rurpauuu u nocfkonouujanuufe cfypuu ru uanpaeu eupnueu,
re yepyea peka huuu roeu ura npaeo kora eenu peka Oeoj ceef eo koj u-
eeere peuec e uajnouuof op cufe pocerauuu ceefoeu (...) Ceefof eo kojufo
cre npuuypeuu pa ueeere, uue ufo ce uaorare cufe saepuo eo epeu nnypa-
neu, fekoeeu u ue pujanor, e ouoj eo koj ecyuuocf ueparuonpaeuocfa u ue-
npaepafa cfauane onufa oepcka ua pasyrof koj ru penu u ur npecypyea ua
ueufe eo parkufe ua oeekuof pop. Pacusar, eepcku puckpuruuauuu, nporo-
uu u kceuoqouja, efuuku orpasu u xonokaycfu, une u c yufe ce penyruu
onuuu u cfpaferuu ua npunuyeane ufo cerauuuof peur ua ceefof ru uc-
kpucfanusupan u ru ofenofeopun. (huuu, 2004)
Pypu feppeue peka ako nucafenufe ur ja npenyufaf ua nonufuapufe
sapaafa pa cospaeaaf cnuku sa ceefof, foa ke upe epua op uajronerufe u uaj-
uerokuu apukauuu eo ceefof. Hcfuof Pypu eo 1991 ropuua uanuua peka ako
perokpafujafa ro uera noeeke koryuusrof pa u nororue pa ru pasjacuu, npeky
onosuuuja, concfeeuufe upeu, forau roebu ke ja ura nufepafypafa kako npo-
fueuuka. (Rushdie, 1991)
Efe epeu op rouufe oproeopu ua npauanefo -yry noefu eo epere
ckypuo? - yrefuukafa uacnpofu nonufukafa cnuka ua ceefof, kako rouocf
sa eocnocfaeyeane ua qep u paruonpaeuu opuocu. Hnu yufe nopopo, soufo
uuapuufe onosuuuu ue pouecoa uuufo popo, yrefuukafa cnuka ua ceefof
kako ycnoe pa ce eupaf u ppyru rouu nonufuku, u eo faa uacoka yrefuukofo
pa ce eupu kako nonufuko. Oeoj nornep eo peueuuuoe rur ru ce uuu u e
ueonxopeu ua Makepouuja.
Tpausuuujafa eo Makepouuja e npouec ufo ue noppasupa caro npeop op
couujanucfuko onufecfeo kou nuepanua perokpafuja, fyky u npouec ua ko-
ueuo eocnocfaeyeane ua ppaeuocfa. Offyka, feukafa u onua fpaucqopra-
uuja ua nonufuka u ekouorcka fpausuuuja, eo rakepoucku ycnoeu, e sauuefa
u co pequuupane ua upeufufefuufe rpauuuu eo rynfuefuuka u rynfukynfyp-
ua cpepuua. Cnukafa sa Eankauof, offary u cnukafa sa Makepouuja, eo kou-
fekcfof ua ucfopuckufe cnyyeana u ouoeeua co efuukufe cypupu eo efopafa
nonoeuua ua 20 eek, sauuefu co akfyenuufe cfpaferuu ua poruuauuja u cospa-
eane uufepecuu souu, cospapoa ycnoeu sa peuukapuauuja ua cfepeofunufe eo
opuoc ua efuukuof pyr.
Couujanusrof nop naponafa pafcfeo u epuucfeo ja fayusupaue eep-
ckafa u efuuka pasnuuocf. 3a rojafa u reuepauuufe nucku po rojafa, pope-
uu u pacfeuu eo f.u. epefuku couujanusar (couujanusar ufo e, ara u ue e co-
uujanusar, nofouo couujanusar ufo ofcfanyea op ceoufe ekcfperuu onuuu
eocfauoeeuu nop pukfaf ua CCCP), npauanefo sa efuukuof pyr eue ueeup-
nueo. Rocoeuafa naponafa noppasupaue cojys norery pasnuuufe efuuku
saepuuuu ufo ueeeja eo forauua Jyrocnaeuja, uo ue kako sup ua pasnuku,
fyky kako puuene ua pasnukufe eo ure ua saepuukuof upeufufef koryuus-
rof. Mapkcusrof, kako poruuaufua u oquuujanua upeonoruja, eo ycnoeu ua
rynfuefuuka cfpykfypa, pejcfeyeaue npeky sapauu ufo ro oesrnacja puckyp-
cof sa pyruof, npep c npeky fayusupanefo ua cekoj eepcku roeop, a co foa u
67
, ,
pasnukufe eo ouaufe, eepyeanafa, uauuof ua ueof, f.e. kynfypafa. Toj cfa-
ua jaeuo uenpuqafnue, a co foa eue ucfucuaf op onufecfeeuafa u jaeua ko-
ryuukauuja u nofucuaf ua rapruuufe ua npueafuafa, cerejua koryuukauuja.
Rpeky puuenefo ua penuruosuufe pasnuku, npauanefo sa efuukafa npunap-
uocf kako pa ue eue cnopuo. paeuuof upeonouku anapaf (pa ce nocnyar
co fepruuof ua Anfucep, (Altiser, 2008) cnpoeepe uusa repku co kou ce uaref-
uyeaue cfaeof peka caro co yuuquuupane ua pasnukufe (cnpoeepeuo npeky
nerufurusauujafa ua rapkcucfukafa upejafa sa penurujafa kako onuyr sa ua-
popof) ro qaeopusupaue cospaeanefo ua yecfeo peka cnpoeepeuufe nonufu-
ku paeaaf pesynfaf, peka uaeucfuua uera pasnuka norery uac u pyruof, peka
eucfuucku e rouo pa ce peanusupa upejafa sa pafcfeo u epuucfeo, a po-
kas sa foa e peanuuof ueof. Kynfypuufe pasnuku, cfaeeuu eo qyukuuja ua cou-
peanucfukafa pokfpuua, ueraa suaene. Majuuuof jasuk eue epuucfeeuafa
pasnuka ufo nofcefyeaue peka ue cre cufe ucfu, peka roeu ura u ueufo
ppyro ufo uue ue ro suaere soufo sa uac e ueeupnueo. Yepeuu peka ueee-
re, ako ue eo upeaneu ceef, forau eo ceef eo kojufo npaepafa ua kpajof ceko-
rau noepyea, ce uajpoere safeeuu co pacnapof ua Jyrocnaeuja, a ocoeuo
co eoeuuof kouqnukf eo 1991 ropuua. Opepuau npueupof ua ycneuuafa cou-
peanucfuka npukasua ucesua, nofucuafuof, sapauefuof roeop ro uajpe ceo-
jof urnnosueeu rnac, unysujafa ce cpyuu. Mu ce uuu peka uenoprofeeuocfa
sa uoeafa cocfoja eue poruuaufuo yecfeo eo fpausuuucka Makepouuja, koe
sa nocnepuua uraue saypyeaku ronk op cfpaua ua nucafenufe ua oeaa fera.
eka koueuo ce nporoeopu sopyeaaf pea poraua, epuuof ua Joeau Raenoecku
, , , ppyruof ua Enae Muueecku .
Ako ce noepsere co fesafa ua Apraupo huuu peka yrefuocfa e faa ufo
roe pa upe napfuep ua nonufukafa u peka faa e ouaa ufo ja paea rouafa
cnuka sa upuuuafa ua ceefof, peafa poraua ce ucknyufenuo suaajuu. Epuuof
e uanuuau op cfpaua ua nucafen ufo u npunara ua reuepauuja ufo e popeua
npep Bfopafa ceefcka eojua, ppyruof ua reuepauuja ufo pacfeue eo cnoreua-
fuof epefuku couujanusar. Toa ce pee eusuu eo kou ueeauofo ruuafo ura
knyua ynora - qakfop ua kynfypuafa reropuja, koja ja ypepyea upuuuafa. Rp-
euof eo aupof cara, efopuof eo aupof - nyoeeu porau. eafa - rouu ua-
uuu ua cnpaeyeane co usueuapyeakafa nojaea ua pyrocfa. Bo oeaa npuro-
pa ke ce sappar ua porauof , , op Joeau Raenoecku.
Uenfa ua oeoj fpyp e pa ce onpepenaf uauuufe ua koj pyruof (apuayfu-
fe, kaakufe, anucfukufe aupu unu Anauuufe, Cpufe, Pycufe, Hfanujau-
uufe) ce sarucnyeaaf eo peueuuaea kynfypa, f.e. nufepafypa? Rpu nocfaeyea-
nefo ua oeaa uen ceecuu cre sa curnnuqukauujafa u orpauueuocfa ufo roe
pa npousnesaf op eaka nocfaeeuuof npepref ua uufepec.
Rpeo: kora sopyeare sa cerauuocfa, cekorau cre (saepuo co aefopof ua
nocoeuuof porau) eo uckyueuue pa kayeare npukasuu op ruuafofo sa kou
npefnocfaeyeare peka roaf pa ojacuaf soufo cerauuocfa e fakea kakea ufo
e (During, 2005), unu kako ufo eenu Fopau Cfeqauoecku fue uu kayeaaf Koj
cre, ufo cre u kape opure. Ho npukasuufe op ruuafofo, eupeuu ua oeoj ua-
uu, eefyeaaf noeeke op oua ufo roaf pa ro cfopaf, saufo fue ce ueruuoeuo
cenekfueuu u uenofnonuu. Offyka ruuafofo, unu ucfopujafa, uukorau po kpaj
ue roe pa ja ojacuu cerauuocfa.
Bfopo: npefnocfaekufe sa ruuafofo ecfo ce apufpupauu u nonufuku.
Hako cyr cocera ceecua sa eakeufe orpauueuocfu, cenak crefar peka uera-
nefo yecfeo sa ruuafofo unu nofnonuofo ofqpnane ua ucfopujafa e uajno-
68
- -
uafa eapujaufa. Offyka, sa reue e suaaeu nponerof ua kouuenfyanusauuja
ua ruuafofo eo nocoeuofo peno op acnekf ua ueofof ua ruuafofo eo cerau-
uocfa.
H fpefo: fonkyeanefo ua cerauuocfa op acnekf ua ruuafofo ua useeceu
uauu roe pa u epafu ua npoceefufenckafa u poraufuapckafa npukasua u
pa ro ouoeu uauuouanusrof, ue caro kako nonufuku npouseop, fyky, kako ufo
eenu Cnueak, u kako npouseop ua urnepujanuufe kouuenfu. (Spivak, 1999).
Porauof ua Joeau Raenoecku , , (Muau, Ckonje, 2009) e
urarofuncku fekcf, koj, sa feopefcku nofpeu, roe pa ce uapoepse ua ouaa ce-
puja fekcfoeu eo Makepouuja ufo ja qoprupaaf cnukafa sa efuukuof pyr kako
uenpujafen. Hreuo, eo rakepouckafa kuueeua fpapuuuja cnukafa sa pyruof
ura uspaseuo uerafueeu kapakfep kako nocnepuua ua uenoeonuufe ucfopucku
cnyyeana. oruuaufua cnuka e cnukafa ua pyruof kako uenpujafen, npousne-
seua op ucfopuckuof qakf peka ufenufe ua Makepouuja ce cpefuyeane co
pyruof kako nopoyea. Rop fakeu ycnoeu, a co ornep ua cunuafa nponaraupa
op cfpaua ua cocepuufe ppaeu sa acurunauuja ua noceuocfa ua rakepoucku-
of upeufufef, kuueeuocfa cfauyea recfo kape ufo Makepoueuof ja puqepeu-
uupa ceojafa noceuocf, npouec ufo u peuec ue e cocera saepueu. Offyka u
cnukufe eo uapopuofo feopeufeo ufo ce eo qyukuuja ua korneusauuja ua ue-
pocfafokof eo peanuocfa, ru rufonorusupaaf ocouuufe ua rakepouckufe nu-
koeu-jyuauu ufo ce opaf npofue nopoyeaof. Cnukufe ua ue-cakane ua py-
ruof op kuueeuafa fpapuuuja noruuyeaaf u eo akfyenuafa kuueeua npopyk-
uuja. Op ppyra cfpaua, eakyyrof ufo e eeupeufeu eo kuueeuafa cnuka sa uc-
fopuckuof nepuop rery peefe ceefcku eojuu, ro npuuypyea aefopof ceojafa cnu-
ka pa ja eferenu eo oua ufo npefxopuo ro ura. Taka, oeoj porau npefcfaeyea
noepsyeaka uuuka (u eo coppuucku u eo upeonouku nornep) ua eeke eocnoc-
faeeuafa cnuka eo uapopuafa nufepafypa u coepereuufe nourana.
Rpousneseu op nofpeafa pa ce nononuu npasuofo recfo, npep c eo
jaeuocfa, a roeu u eo ucfopuorpaqujafa, sa epeu nepuop ufo co ornep ua
opyeuuof kouqnukf op 1991 ropuua cfauyea akfyeneu, porauof ke u coou
co epuo rouo eupyeane ua pyruof. Cfauyea sop sa eosypnue porau asu-
pau ua pokyreufapua ocuoea, ceepoufeo sa epeu ue ruory ekcnnoafupau, pe-
ucu fayusupau npocfop u epere op rakepouckafa ucfopuja, eperefo npep, sa
epere ua u uenocpepuo no Bfopafa ceefcka eojua eo Tefoeo u Tefoecko, akfya-
nusupau co uajuoeufe nonufuku cnyyeana eo fpausuuuouuof nepuop. Offyka,
rofofo ua porauof ufo ro sepoere u sa rofo ua oeaa pacnpaea, ja cyrepupa u
rnepuafa foka ua aefopof - pa pape cnuka sa epeu ucfopucku xpouofon, koj e
eo kopenauuja co cerauuocfa. Tparajku no kopeuufe ufo foa uar uu ce cnyyea
cera, uus oeoj porau ke npopequnupaaf nukoeu ua Anauuu, Cpu, Hfanujauuu,
Pycu, cufe fue eo cnpera co ruosuuckuof, rakepoucku uapop. Hnu pa ce pape
epeu roeu oproeop ua npauanefo ua koj uauu fparufe cnukufe op ruuafofo
eneryeaaf eo coepereuocfa. (jypuur XXX)
Rpukasuafa ja cnepu ueofuafa cfopuja ua Topop Benee, fproeeu op Te-
foeo, u npueafuafa ucfopuja ua ueroeofo cerejcfeo. Cfpykfypupau uaeupyr
xpouonouku, op eceufa 1881 ropuua po eceufa 1945 ropuua, eo eup ua puee-
uuku sanuc, nofouo nceepo-pueeuuk, co saeneyeane ua caro uekou pafyru
u uacfauu, aefopof ro penafueusupa ceojof uckas kako epeu op rouufe, cyre-
pupajku ja uecurypuocfa ua nopafokof npousneseua op qakfof peka cfauyea
sop sa cenekuuja. Mosauuafa u qparreufapua cfpykfypa caro ja uarnacyea
faa uufeuuuja.
69
, ,
Rpukasuafa sanouyea co rpauyeanefo ua Topop Benee, nefuaecefro-
puuuo rore, op cfpaua ua kaakufe aupu, ueroeofo ercfeo, a saepuyea co
ueroeafa crpf. Bo faa, peucu 100-ropuuua cfopuja, erpapeu e pen op ucfopu-
jafa ua rakepouckuof uapop u foa ouoj, op acnekf ua akfyenuuof rur, knyuuof,
koj, co ornep ua uauefo pasupane u paeane ua suaene, ja npoekfupa cerau-
uocfa. ejcfeofo e crecfeuo eo epereucka parka op raj 1881 po raj 1945, ne-
puop ufo e ocoeuo suaaeu sa qoprupanefo ua rakepouckafa ppaea. Rpoc-
fopof ua porauof e Tefoeo u Tefoecko. Xpouofonckufe pureusuu ua Tefoeo eo
konekfueuafa ceecf ua rakepouckuof uapop peucu ce uenosuafu, a cfauyeaaf
akfyenuu co ofeopeuuof kouqnukf norery anauckuof efuukyr u oquuujanuufe
npefcfaeuuuu ua enacfa ua Makepouuja eo 2001 ropuua. Porauof ua Raenoe-
cku ja nokpuea faa xpouofoncka upua pynka u op acnekf ua epua npueafua uc-
fopuja unu peeuo co fepruuufe ua nufepafypuafa uayka - cara, paea uupok
cnekfap ua rouu oproeopu sa ruuafofo, cerauuocfa, uo napfuuunupa u eo up-
uuuafa. Bo uue ce npenosuaeaaf cnuku ua pea, uaeupyr cnpofuecfaeeuu efuu-
kyru, rakepouckuof u anauckuof, ecyuuocf pee cnpofuecfaeeuu nosuuuu ua
rok u rapruuanusauuja, kou nocfojauo cu ru reuyeaaf recfafa. Hako rnepuafa
foka jacuo ce nosuuuouupa eo parkufe ua rakepouckuof efuukyr u offary ro-
eopu sa uue uacnpera eue, eo kpajuuof ucxop faa rpauuua e pasuuuaua npe-
ky nocoyeanefo ua cocfojufe ufo ueraaf efuuku oeneja, a ecfo ro nop-
pasupaaf oua ufo ro uapekyeare yuueepsanuu oeeku epepuocfu unu xyra-
uocf, efuuocf, npaeepuocf.
Hacfauufe kako pa ce rpynupaaf okony pee knyuu foku: ferafa ua ua-
cuncfeofo u rofueof ua rupusafa. Taka ce rpapu u cnukafa sa pyruof, koja,
sapapu nonecua nepuenuuja, fyka ke ja uaeepere oppenuo.
Oceeu ua nocoeuufe pea efuukyru, kou eo parkufe ua oua ufo ro npoy-
yea uraronorujafa, roe pa ce pequuupaaf kako qunuuu u qouuu, ur ce
npuppyyeaaf u aefouraronoukufe cnuku.
3a anauckofo uaceneuue, oceeu fepruuof Anauuu ce kopucfaf u fep-
ruuufe kaauu u Apuayfu. 3uau co carafa fepruuonouka nopena, aefopof
cyrepupa ue kornakfua, xororeua uenuua, fyky qparreufapua cnuka sa oppepe-
uu rpynu. oruuaufuafa, op acnekf ua sacfaneuocfa eo porauof, ce kaakufe
aupu. 3a uue e papeua cnepuaea cnuka: Hapeopeuuocf: kpafku u
pepuua kypuyru npeky pareuuuufe, eoopyeuu po sau. Oceeu uapeopeuuoc-
fa, koja jacuo ynafyea ua napaeoeua qoprauuja, uacuncfeofo e cnuka ufo ce
noefopyea eo koufuuyufef: Fo ypupaa co kyupauufe op nyukufe, co knouu, co
unakauuuu, koj kape ufo ke cfurueue. Kopuof kako pa secua: ro qafu sa ryua,
cakaue pa ro sapaeu. (cfp. 13) Hnu: A suaeue, eue yn uekape, na suaeue:
npeuu ke sakonaf kokouka, sa pa ucfee kpefa op uea, nofoa ke ry ro npepeaf
rpnofo ua oeeka. 3opyeaa nyrefo: faka uera pa ru qafu ueroeafa kpe! (cfp.
15) Ha ppyro recfo:My ru epsaa pauefe co uua u nofoa co epua uaruja, uj
rupuc ua nof u fyfyu, uekoj nperopeu fyfyu, sa cefo epere ry ro ucnonuyeaue
uocof - ry ru epsaa oufe. (cfp.9).
Rocnepuuof useapok ro noepsyea rofueof ua rupucof co ferafa ua ua-
cuncfeofo. Taa ce paseuea eo cnepuaea uacoka: H fenafa u pyuufe ur rupu-
caaf ua fyfyu. (cfp.5) Mupucaa ua oeu noj co koj ro rakaa fenofo sa pa ro
uaranaf cfypof. (cfp. 15) Mupucof, nofoa ce noepsyea co yecfeofo sa ucxpa-
uafa, kako ocuoeua ersucfeuuujanua nofpea: Japea anuo, ue eakajku ro ne-
of fyky, npocfo, ronfajku ro eo kpynuu sanauu. He ry papoa uu kopka. (cfp.11).
70
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Hacnpofu cnukafa sa kaauufe, kape ufo rpauuuafa uue/fue jacuo e
onpepeneua, papeua e cnukafa ua ufanujauckufe eojuuuu npeky nukof Hfano,
enyeu eo kepkafa ua Topop Benee. Ournepua e pasnukafa eo onucufe. Ako
kaauufe, kou ry ce corparauu ua rakepouckofo uaceneuue, ce poueyeaaf
kako uenpujafenu, a cpepafa co uue eepuau acouupa ua uacuncfeo, cnukafa
sa uenpujafenof, oceojyeaof Hfanujaueu e cocera nouuakea. Tyka rpauuuufe
ue ce ocfpu u rouocfa fue op uapeop rpyna pa noruuaf eo euafpe rpyna ce
noroneru. Taka, yepyeajku ja cecfpa u peka uera uuufo nouo eo uejsuuafa
ena pa opu ua urpaukafa kape ufo nee Hfanujaueuof, faa eenu: Hra u
uauu. Caro ceupu uekoj opkecfap op ufanujaucku eojuuuu. Tue caro ceupaf.
(cfp. 53) Cnukafa sa ufanujauckufe eojuuuu ce uapononuyea u op corparauufe,
kou ournepuo ce uaknouefu kou uue, uo cenak, eo cornacuocf co cfepeofunof
sa fyruueuof kako uenpujafen/oceojyea ja paeaaf cnepuaea koucfafauuja: A ce
npouupu rnac: Fopka, noranafa kepka ua raspa Topop op Beneeuu, ru usreua-
na uosefe co uekoj ufanujaucku eojuuk, rysuap, ufo nu, Hfano, uenuof sanu-
au, cufeu u sanuau (...) Reen yaeo, c uekou necuu sa uecpekuafa nyoe u
peeojkafa ufo fau! (...) rnepana eo uero u foj c noeeke u noeeke u cfauyean
nusok (...) rnepana eo uero, a foj ce reuyean npep uea, cfauyean cuneu u yae,
roen pa ja uocu ua paue. (cfp.54-55) unu: Cauppa ja opepakaue, ja roneue
pa npecfaue co foa, foj, cenak, e fyruueu, eojuuk, ppyra eepa, reryfoa. (cfp. 56)
Koufpacfuufe cnuku ce paseueaaf eo sannef co fparuuu nocnepuuu.
Hreuo, Fopka e osereua op nojaeafa ua Apuayfuuof Arur Mypfesauu, a cnep-
uuoe onuc e poeonuo unycfpafueeu: Ce pocapyean. Caro pecefuua peua e eo
oea recfo, ue peka Tupaua e kojsuae konky noronera, ara cenak, fary nouuaky
ce puue, noeeceno. Oepe e c faka rupuo, noeneeuo eo cee, uekako copauo,
coruuaeo. (...) epuocfaeuo penpecueuo. Fopka roena pa saeneu (...) foj ce
pasnukyean op cufe eo quckynfypuuof por. Bucok, kpyneu, yae (...) foj korau-
pyea co uue (...) (cfp. 58-59) (...) cufe rnepaere eo rpynafa eoopyeuu anucfu
kou eneroa eo canafa (...) u oekyeaere, jac aper oekyeae, foj pa pape suak u
ueroeufe pa ce efypuaf rery uac u pa noue fenaka, npocfo pa coepaf uekoro
op uauuee roruna, soufo npecfauaere pa fauuyeare, cfueuaa pasroeopufe,
caro Hfano ue npecfaua pa nee, aru rnacof ry cfaua c nofueok (...). (cfp.60)
Haeepeuufe useapouu ce poeonuu pa ce noepsere co oepe nocfaeeua
fesa. Opyeuuof kouqnukf eo 2001-fa cekako peka enujae ua epakanefo ua no-
fucuafofo, ua parueuuafa orpasa, koja e oueeaua co akfyenuufe cnyyeana.
Toa enujae ua epakanefo ua cnukafa ua Eankauof kako sup ua ocfeapeuu unu
sarucneuu onufecfeeuu npakfuku kou ce epfaf okony npurufueusrof, pasuonu-
kocfa, cfpacfufe, a uap c, okony uacuncfeofo. (S. Jansen, 2001:35). Offyka,
roe pa ce nocfaeu u fesafa peka cypupufe u uacuncfeofo eo peanuuof ueof
ce cnyyeaaf nopapu ouoeyeane ua reropujafa, epakane ua saopaeeuufe
uacfauu, opuocuo npeky rexauusrufe ua npupeuyeane ua reropujafa u sao-
paeeuufe rufoeu. Offyka, porauof ua Raenoecku, ua epuo uueo, roe pa ce
npoufa u kako porau ufo ro saknyyea uauefo narefene (E. Gellner,
1977:75), f.e. ru ucfakuyea uenperocfnueufe pasnuku rery uac u ppyrufe, rery
uauufe npujafenu u uauufe uenpujafenu, a co foa pa sacfaue ua nafof ua cefo
oua ufo ro sarposyea uauuof upeufufef, uauafa fepufopuja, uauufe epepuoc-
fu, f.e. ua cefo oua ufo uauufe uauuouanuu ceefocfu ru npefeopa eo rpauuuu
kynfypu. (Colovic, 2008). Baka nocfaeeuafa fesa opu eo nofeppa ua eo sanapua-
fa uraronoruja eeke nocoeuafa u pouekape onufo npuqafeua fesa peka Ean-
71
, ,
kauuufe ruory feuko ce ocnoopyeaaf op ceoufe rufoeu u sanypu u peka, fok-
ry nopapu foa, nopapu rufckuof uauu ua rucnene, koj npouseepyea sarucne-
uu, uo ucfopucku uenofeppeuu npefcfaeu sa cee, a koj e saepuuku u sa uufe-
nekfyanuufe u sa nonufukufe enufu, eopu kou pecfpykfueuu npoekfu, po kyn-
fypuo, nonufuko, na u uonouko ucesuyeane.
Porauof ua Raenoecku ru aufuuunupa, a nofoa cynfunuo ru peraufupa
eakeufe cfaeoeu. Toj ce oprauusupa okony najf-rofueof ua rupucof, kako ufo
eeke eue nocoeuo. Roefuo noepsau co kaauufe, rupucof nocfeneuo ce
npeuecyeaaf ua nouupok nnau. Taka ua npurep, eo epcka co caroyucfeofo ua
Tacuk, koj npefxopuo ja yun ceojafa nyoeuuua, cnepyea onucof: Tynyu ja no-
purua rnaeafa u rupuca: kako pa yecfeyea rupuc ua usropeuo oeeko reco.
My ro ucnonuyea foj rupuc uocof, ro nee no oufe, ocfaeajku no koafa nnuko-
eu co coruufenua feuocf. (cfp. 184) Hnu: Mupuca ua pacnarane u ua onecf.
He e ua apuo foa - couuefo ro yuuufyea foa ufo e onuo, uesaufufeuo u cna-
o. Ha foa rupuca!/ Mupuca ua roka u usref. - Crppu, pee Tanyu. (cfp. 184)
H ua ppyro recfo: Craeuo ru e op fue pepuuu, op rupucof ua nofuu fena, op
spueof ua nyrefo ufo ekaaf, spue ufo ry ce eneka no epafof, ry ce nenu sa
koafa u ry ocfauyea eoeneeu eo onekafa. Mupuca spueof ua pacunauu
sau, ua ocfafouu op uurapu, ua uekoj kucenkacf ekyc ua yufe opeeep noprof-
eeua raua, ecfo nopropeua, ua pefcko noepakane. (cfp.192)
Roefuo papeuufe uerafueuu cnuku sa kaauufe noepsauu co rupucufe,
nocfeneuo ce npouupyeaaf u ja saqakaaf uenafa cnuka ua ceef eo porauof.
Mupucof ua feuko, ruuno, pacnapuafo ue e npuneneu caro sa epeu efuukyr,
ufo suau peka uera efuuka npunapuocf. Offyka, oeoj rofue ura suaene ua
curonuko ucupfyeane ua cfpykfypufe ua rok (nonufuka, ekouorcka, kynfyp-
ua) eo ycnoeu ua fpausuuuja, es ornep panu faa fpausuuuja ce noepsyea co
npeopof norery 19 u 20 eek unu co nperuuof op couujanucfuku eo nuepanuo-
perokpafcku cucfer. Rpu oeaa koucfafauuja, ua npurepof ua Raenoecku, u
roene pa ja ucnufare fesafa ua Mapuja Topopoea peka ue enujaaf curonu-
kufe cfpykfypu ua nonufukafa, fyky opafuo. (Todorova, 1999:276). Rpu kpajof
ua porauof e crecfeu cnepuuoe useapok:

- Renueauof ru eue npepan! Ha pea aca neuaene op aunofo, ene-
ron eo sacepa, kako eo najakoea rpea. My onecueno, ry pekon epeu nornap
eojuuk. Fojko, op Epeeuuua. Kora ru eupen okony cee, kako pa ry onecuuno!
- Tpeaue nopauo!
H car, cfoejku faka npocfyr, pasopyeu, eo npeafa ryrpa, nouan pa so-
pyea. Hukoj uuufo ue ro npauan, uukoj uuufo ue noapan op uero, a foj nouan
pa sopyea, sa cee u sa nyrefo co kou ponro, okony efupu ropuuu, un: sa foa
kako nouane efupuecef u npeafa, kako ufanujauckafa koraupa eo rpapof ur
nouypuna copaofka, kako fue une rnaeeuu eo uejsuuafa cnya sa pa ru pa-
ofaf caro eankauufe paofu, c nopnaoko pa ru uypkaaf pauefe eo rorueuu-
uu, u eo kpe, uarnacun, a faa, kpefa, feppen, c noeeke ur ro rafena yrof,
soufo ur ru ucnonuyeana rnaeufe u fary, eo uueuufe feruu kouuna, ce sacu-
pyeana. (cfp. 182)

Roarajku op oeoj uufaf, rouo e pa ce npeucnufa fesafa sa poruuauujafa
ua rufckofo rucnene kako perpec kou npeoufuafa cufyauuja eo koja c cu
poara ua ceoefo cfapo, popo nosuafo recfo, u pa ce nocfaeu npauanefo sa
72
- -
ynorafa ua nonufukofo eo koucfpyupanefo ua curonukufe cfpykfypu. Hnu,
kako ce kpeupaaf reufanuufe ranu eo kou uu pfeufe ue ce es euua. 3aufo,
kako ufo eenu Caup (Said, 1993:206), urnepujafa es copaofka co pfeufe, ue
u una roua unu kako ufo npefxopuo yufe Fparuu (Gramsi, 1971) nocoyea:
pa uera cornacuocf op cfpaua ua ekcnnoafupauufe, ekcnnoafauujafa u una
ueroua. Xererouujafa paofu ua foj npuuuun. Ho pa ce epafure ua nocfaee-
uofo npauane, panu nonufukafa enujae ua curonukufe cfpykfypu unu opaf-
uo? Cfauyea sop sa peouacoeu npouec, eo koj ce ocfeapyeaaf urpufe ua rok.
3uau, ako op epua cfpaua nonufukafa ru ycnoeyea curonukufe cfpykfypu,
op ppyra, fue noepafuo enujaaf ua nonufukafa, saufo fokry eeke eocfauoeeuu-
fe cfepeofunu u onufu recfa ue ce caro oppas ua ferenuufe, ojekfueuu,
onufecfeeuo-ekouorcku u ucfopucku okonuocfu u uacfauu, fyky fue ce ycno-
eeuu op uauuof ua kojufo ce sopyea sa uue. Carafa sa cerejcfeofo Beneeu
eo cee ru coppu cufe cynfunuu npufucouu co kou ce cooyea u coepereua
Makepouuja. Pukoeufe Fopka u Cappa (kepkufe ua Topop) ja ponupaaf ferafa
ua popoeo-cfepeofunusupauafa ynora ua euafa eo parkufe ua nafpujapxafof
(carofo ure Fpoka e ekouorusupau uspas sa enujauuefo ua cfepeofunof ua sa-
paua sa pak rery nyre op pasnuua eepcka u efuuka npunapuocf), nouafary
reo-nonufukufe u cfpaferucku uufepecu ua ronerufe cunu ua Eankauof (npu-
cycfeofo ua nukoeufe kako Tacuk, uucnekfop no quuaucuu eo eperefo ua cpn-
ckofo enapeene, nofoa Muxaun Hcakoeuk Rouorapjoe, pycku pokfop userau op
Okforepuckafa peeonyuuja, u Hafanuja Anekcauppoeua) cypupof ua kynfypuufe
pasnuku rery Makepouuufe, Typuufe u Anauuufe, ro safeopaaf cyjekfof eo
naeu, uckpueeu u pepyuupau onuk ua nocfoene. Porauof ua Raenoecku, eo
ceojof kpaeu ucxop, eenu: ueufpufe ua rok, kouueufpupauu okony uufepecufe u
uufepecuufe cqepu ro npopyuupaaf foj cfecuef u pepyuupau onuk ua nocfoe-
ne, kape ufo pujanorof e ueroeu. Hacnpofu nafpujapxafof, cnukafa ua ro-
uuof usnes ufo ja paea porauof e fokry nukof ua euafa Fopka:

Fo akuyea aeuo u ponro, ocfaeajku ry no fenofo cufuu ofneafouu,
kou nofoa, kora ke ucesuaf, ke ocfaeaf sap cee nefuo, kako ofneafok ua ku-
uecku akeapen ua ueucf neprareuf, ueeu, peucu, eospyuecf.
- Koafa fu ce npefeopa eo akeapen, ce ueryea faa. Cocera ue e ea-
uo panu Arur Mypfesauu ke ro pasepe oua ufo ry ro eenu. (...)
Arur Mypfesauu ue eenu uuufo. Ha uunfapcku uekonky sopa u uuufo
noeeke. nanu uurapa u ue eenu uuufo. Ja nperpuyea Fopka u ponro u roneu-
kyr ja ryuka, u ue eenu uuufo. Taa ocfauyea eo ueroeafa nperpafka, crupyeaj-
ku ce, noneka, co naysu. (cfp.74)

Porauof ua Raenoecku nokayea peka ouue kou cakaaf pa ro cysujaf
ppyrufe/fyru rnacoeu, kou uucucfupaaf uueuuof rnac pa ocfaue epuucfeeu, u
fpeano pa suaaf peka epeu fakoe nopepok, ecyuuocf, ue e ocfeapnue. Ha kpa-
jof op kpauufafa, cnoreuyeanefo ua cee cu cekorau apa yecfeo eo pujano-
rof, soufo caro faka rouo e pa ce ocfeapu npenosuaeanefo ua cee cu eo
oufe ua ppyrufe. (Kramaric, 2009:64). A sapyuyeanefo ua fyruof rnac ceko-
rau ura sapuuua ua uufepec sa oceojyeane ua nosuuujafa ua rok eo uajuupoka
crucna. Cfepeofunuufe cnuku yecfeyeaaf eo fakeufe npouepypu, a porauof
ua Raenoecku u cooyea co uue. Fu uspeojyea eo npepeu nnau u co foa ru npa-
eu eupnueu. Toa ue suau peka ru nopppyea, uanpofue npepynpepyea u co foa
73
, ,
aufuuunupa eo upuuuafa. Oeoj porau ue caro ufo ja nofeppyea fesafa peka
nonufukofo yecfeyea eo koucfpyupanefo ua curonuuofo, fyky nokayea
peka u curonukofo ro koucfpyupa nonufukofo. a ce eupu faa rouocf sua-
u pa ce usnese op safeopeuuof cyjekf. Offyka u uufepecof sa nonufuko-
efukufe yuuouu ufo oeoj fekcf ru npouseepyea u ue pejcfeyeane roe pa
ura nonufuku nocnepuuu.
Offyka, ucfopuckofo ua oeoj porau ue ro rnepar kako uspas ua uerokfa
sa cnpaeyeane co ucfopuckufe cufyauuu ufo ce noefopyeaaf, uako packayea-
nefo ua oua ufo uno ue u uufepecupa nopapu foa ufo uno, fyky safoa ufo
eo useecua crucna, c yufe e, safoa ufo fpara no ojacuyeanefo ua peueuua-
fa cufyauuja koja ue sapoeonyea. Hnu, kako ufo eenu Eufu, uue packayeare
ue sa pa npeuecere uuqoprauuja, fyky sapapu foa pa ja uapruuere ueuseec-
uocfa ua cufyauuufe ufo u sarpuyeaaf. (Biti, 1984) Bo koukpefuuoe cnyaj,
epfenefo kou ucfopujafa ue e co uen faa pa ce npefeopu eo ruf, fyky pa ce no-
cou ua oua ufo ue cree pa ce noefopu.
H ua kpajof pa ce epafure eo noefokof, ua npauanefo 3oufo noesuja
eo epere ckypuo? 3apapu cnukafa ua ceef ufo ce kpeupa eo yrefuocfa u koja
roe u ropa pa npefcfaeyea recfo ua ofnop ua yacufe ufo ce npouseepyea-
af eo coepereuuof ceef. 3apapu rouocfa pa ce ye uejsuuuof rnac kako ko-
pekfue ua nonufukufe sacuoeauu ua uufepec. 3apapu npofeupane ua upejafa
sa nuuafa oproeopuocf eo uuof ua roeopene.


:

Altiser, L: (2008), "Ideologija i drzavni ideoloski aparat", Studije kulture - zbornik, Sluzbeni
glasnik, Beograd
Biti, V: (1984), "Govorenje i interes", vo: Polja, br.310
Colovic, I: (2008), Balkan - teror kulture, Biblioteka XX vek, Beograd
Gellner, E: (1991), "Nationalism and Politics in Estern Europe", New Left Rewiew, br. 189
(1997), Nationalismus und Moderne, Berlin, citirano spored Z. Kramaric: Identitet, tekst,
nacija, Jesenski & Turk, Zagreb 2009
Gramsi, A: (2008), "Hegemonija, intelektualci i drzava", vo: Studije kulture - zbornik, Slizbeni
glasnik, Beograd
During, S: (2005), Cultural studies, London ; New York, Routledge
Jansen, S: (2001), Antinacionalizam, Bibliotena XX vek, Beograd
Kramaric: (2009), Identitet, tekst, nacija, Jesenski & Turk, Zagreb 2009
huuu, A: (2004), Murpauuufe u nufepafypafa (cerauuo u ueo poa), eo
, p. 6, Ckonje
Rushdie, S: (1991), Imaginar Homelands,
Said, E: (1993), Kultura i imperijalizam, Beogradski krug, Beograd.
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty: A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward a history of a
vanishing present, Harvard University Press, 1999).
Todorova, M: (1999), Imaginarni Balkan, Biblioteka XX vek, Beograd
74






THE POLITICAL ASPECTS OF THE NOVEL CITY, YEARS,
PEOPLE FROM JOVAN PAVLOVSKI

Loreta Georgievska - Jakovleva

(Summary)


The starting point of the text is the thesis of Ruzdi, which states that
democracy, after the fall of communism, has literature as a possibility, which
through opposition can be explained. This thesis is developed and aimed towards
breaking up opposition through a dialogue of politics and literature. Within Jovan
Pavlovskis novel City, Years, People there is an analysis that examines such a
possibility. Starting from the dominant theme violence, as well as the leitmotif
smell, the text analyzes the stereotypical representations of the ethnic Other, not
as a repetition of mental maps within the perception of the other, but much rather
as a possibility for setting, in the first place, a plan for tragic consequences. With
that a question arises relating to the common effect between political and
symbolical in terms of the creation of interest zones and the position of power.
From here, the historic picture of the world, which Pavlovskis novel concludes with,
is not a mythological viewpoint of history, but rather a voice that attempts to act as
a corrective to the politics of interest and power.

75


821.163.3-1.09
Hseopeu uayeu fpyp








-

,


: , , ,
key words: Gane Todorovski, anxiety, colour, sound


Roesujafa e uspas ua yaeofo co norou ua yrefuuku ucnpennefeuufe
sopoeu...
1
3opof e ucuenufen, cospafen, cere ua cekoe nocfoene. 3opof
npeqpneu eo cqepafa ua yrefuukafa uuferpanuocf, uanonuo ro npouupyea
oerof ua ceojafa coppuua, upejku ce jaeyea kako feopeka cuufesa ua cufe
koukpefuo noepuueuu ceojcfea ufo ru ura ouuuof sop, sapapu ufo uufeu-
sufefof op ueroeufe urnpecuu e ruory noroner u nopnauucku.
2
3afoa npu
ufanefo ua noesujafa ce pouea eneafok peka noefof op cekojpueeuuof pe-
qepeuuujaneu roeop uanpaeun ypeceu noefcku roeop. Bakeo ypecuo pouey-
eane, koe re ocfaeu es spue, noyecfeyeae npu npeafa cpepa co cfuxoeufe
ua uesareunueuof eupfyos co cfuxoeufe, noefof Faue Topopoecku. Oua ufo ro
npaeu noceeu oeoj noef e ueroeuof po nepqekuuouusar usrpapeu cfun. H kora
u fpruane no pasrpauefufe naeupuufu ua jasuuafa cfpykfypa ua oeaa noesuja,
ue u uu uno feuko uajnpeo pa ro ofkpuere noefckuof cfae peka eo cpepuufe-
fo ua ecfefckuof nponer ua noesujafa ce uaora jasukof. Roefof ur nopapyea
fonky ruory euurauue ua sopoeufe, ru ueryea u ru ycoepuyea, ru onnopyea co
uoeu suaena, ru poeepyea eo pasuu opuocu, a eo ueufapof ua ueroeuof ue-
ckpofnue uerup e urpafa co ouuuof sop, kako u ueroeofo npecnekyeane eo
ueeoouaeuu opepu. Co foj ueroe npenosuafnue noefcku kpuk ofkopuaf op
pnaouuufe foj ja usrpapun ceojafa renopuja, koja po unku ja ofeopa kako py-
ueeuo pouufe, a ueroeuof noefcku roeop eo cee uocu, noeeke unu noranky,
eupnueo uajaeyeane ua useeceu ofnop cnpera cfaupappuuof fek ua noefckafa
nocfanka. Cfuxoeufe ua Topopoecku ro oppasyeaaf npouecof ua cfpnnueofo,
rakofpnuo ceeopruuyeane ua nafof kou concfeeuafa oja, concfeeuafa re-

1
Borges Luis Jorge, To umjee stiha, Naklada Jesenski i Turk, Zagreb, 2001, str. 21.
2
Feopru Cfappenoe, , Rorery pea sopa ucfu, a cenak pasnuuu, Kuurouspafencfeo
Koo Pauuu, Ckonje, 1958, cfp. 43-49.
76
-
nopuja eo ojaeafa ua epua uspasufa feopeka noceuocf, a ueroeafa noesuja
fpea peuufenuo pa upe uspeoeua op xopof ua eoouaeuofo uanouusupa-
uo, penepcouanusupauo neene. Tyka, akueufof ke ro cfaeure ua nonpunuuo
sarafeuuof jasueu qoup u ua feopekofo jasuko rauunynupane, koe ofkpuea
ueeepojafuo cfauneu ycef sa jasukof, ueaqekfupau op naunuufe, ecfo npo-
useonuu nporeuu eo uauuof jasuk sa epere ua nepuopof kora ce cospaeauu
cfuxoeufe op supkafa Cnokoeu ekop (1956).
Kora sopyeare sa cqepufe ua ueroeofo noefcko uufepecupane, feuko
roere pa nocfaeure uepcfu reru, pa ro opeoure rofueof op cfaeof u op
rucnafa, rucnafa op cfuxof, epaxuoeeuo u cunuo usnueuofo op oua ufo co
suaene ce uacoyea eo fekof ufo ounyea co yuo yopene ua sopoeu, pu-
neru, narana u eosuecyeana eo cqepufe ua npueupof, pesuruauujafa u repu-
fupanefo sa eperefo, sa epofukafa, sa oeekufe cypuuu. Bo ceojafa pec-
kpunfueua noesuja nokpaj nejsaufe, kako ueufo ufo e npeprefuo, a co foa u
pocfanuo ua cefunafa, Faue Topopoecku ecfo cospaea u nejsaua afrocqepa,
koja ce ocfeapyea npeky uenpeprefuuof qeuoreu npeky sopof, koj pouea
nukoeua qyukuuja. Cnukoeufocfa ua necuafa u keanufefof ua nejsaof, kako u
erofueuuof uufeusufef u nejsauafa afrocqepa, ue saeucaf op konuecfeofo
ua pefanufe, fyky op uueuuof keanufef, op ocfeapyeanefo ua qyukuuouanuafa
kornoueufa ua noefckuof jasuk.
Bo noefckafa kuuuka Cnokoeu ekop ro saeneyeare noefof kako cnu-
kap ua ruuujafypafa u ouojnaf kora ke ro nouece eucfuuckafa yaeuua ua nejsa-
of, foj ja coupa eo onuk ua ocuoeeu rofue, ja srycuyea eo kapakfepucfueu
u uspau pefan, a fokry foj pefan opepuau op ruuujafypafa nouyea pa spa-
u co ceojafa cyrecfueua penpeseufafueuocf. Epua op ueroeufe noroneru sac-
nyru e ufo ce cfperu pa euukue pnaoko eo npouecufe ua coepereuuof ceef u
eo cypuuafa ua coepereuuof oeek. Toj yree pa ru onqafu ceefof u oeekof
eo uueuafa uenocf u euafpeuua kouqnukfuocf. 3afoa eo ueroeufe necuu ro po-
noeyeare paranefo ua epuo yecfeyeane ua oeekof eo coepereuafa cfeap-
uocf. Toj oeek ecfonafu ce yecfeyea eosuerupeuo, uecnokojuo u e eo nocfo-
jaua cnpofueuocf co cefo oua ufo ce cnyyea okony uero. Kako fakoe ro cpeka-
eare u eo necuafa Cepyr uaepakana kou rofueof fpenefnuka. Cnukoeufocfa
ua jasukof, srycuafocfa ua uspasof u cunuofo poueyeane ua noefckufe cnuku
ce ofcnukyeaaf eo cekoj cfux op oeaa necua, koja, nopeneua ua cepyr pena, ua
cepyr uaepakana, npefcfaeyea noceua cnuka, rofoe, coepueu, carocfoeu o-
nuk. Tpenefnukafa e uea eua ufo uenopeuuo, uo uena pacfpenepeua, npe-
fauna, uo pacfaeua, cnepejku ro nafof ua uorapufe, nnauejku ce sa ceojafa
carofuja, cfou cpepe nonefo. Bo epeu roreuf ear eu ce uuu peka op uejsuuo-
fo feno, ako ro npepeefe uarecfo en, neunue cok, ke nofee fonna oeeka
kpe.
3

Kornosuuuckafa cfpykfypa ua necuafa e usepueua cnopep uacnoeof, eo
koj noefof uaeecfyea peka eo necuafa cepyr nafu ke ce uaepaka kou rofueof
fpenefnuka, u foa efupu nafu eo efupucfuxoeuu (kafpeucku) cfpoqu u fpu
nafu eo peocfuxoeuu (pucfuxuu) cfpoqu, faka ufo no cekoja efupucfuxoeua
cfpoqa cnepyea peocfuxoeua, co ucknyok ua nocnepuafa efupucfuxoeua
cfpoqa, koja uera ceoj cnepeuuk op peocfuxoeua cfpoqa. Cufe cfpoqu co
ekynuo 22 cfuxa, rofuecku ce noepsauu eo epua xaprouuua uenuua. Boepuo
roere pa saknyure peka cfuxof ua Topopoecku e ocnoopeu op cekakeu npa-

3
Hcfo, cfp.16.
77
...
euna u uopru ua nuuyeane. Taa cnoopa ua cfuxof op qopraneu acnekf ce of-
cnukyea eps purafa, koja ofcycfeyea, oceeu eo cfuxoeufe op neffofo uaepakane:

, ,
, .
, ,
, .
4


Cufe ppyru cfuxoeu ce uepuryeauu, opuocuo enu cfuxoeu.
5
Taa ocno-
opeuocf op cekakeu kauouu ry poseonyea ua cfuxof pa puue srycuaf co peq-
nekceu nonue u co ocoeua ncuxonouka npouuknueocf. Co onfuranuuof cfpo-
e ua necuafa noefof nocfuruyea xaprouuua nonuofuja, renopucku nync ua
necuafa.
Mofueof - - ce coppu eo caruof uacnoe
u foj rofue ura refaqopuko-curonuuo suaene, saufo npeky uaepakanefo
(opakanefo) kou fpenefnukafa ecyuuocf noefof ce uaepaka (opaka) kou o-
eekof kako ueo cyufecfeo, ue oncfojyeane, uja ersucfeuuuja eo ueuseecuoc-
fufe eo ueofof, ro poeepyea eo epcka co oncfojyeanefo, ersucfeuuujafa ua
ppeofo fpenefnuka (jacuka) npep ueuseecuocfa ua eperefo, opuocuo ueepere-
fo. Huaky rofueof sa fpenefnukafa ue e uoe, saufo foj e npucyfeu u eo uauufe
uapopuu necuu eo kou fpenefnukafa e npokonuafa op ce. Eoropopuua: fauka pa
upuf, ceuka pa ueraf, Hu uyf pa uyfuf, uu pop pa popuf u op ce. Fopru: pa
u pan or fpenefnuka, c fu pa fpenepuu". Meryfoa sa pasnuka op uapopuuof
neja, Topopoecku foj rofue ro paspaofyea co epeu ropepeu refaqopuko
curonueu uspas co uajakfyenuofo npauane eo coepereuafa rakepoucka
cfeapuocf uerupof u uenokojof eo oncfojyeanefo, ersucfeuuujafa ua oeekof.
Roefof ura epopeua papa pa ocfeapu ypecuu fkaena co ypuufe kou-
uu ufo ce uapekyeaaf 3EOP, a foa ro ocfeapun u eo Cepyr uaepakana kou ro-
fueof fpenefnuka". Bo ueroeafa noesuja ypapuu ce qouonoukufe uufepeeuuuu,
a eo ueroeuof puckypc noesujafa ce reuyea op epuo qurypafueuo uueo ua ppy-
ro. Topopoecku ekcnepureufupa co nekcerafa npeky uoeu u ceeu npequkcu,
cyqukcu unu kouekcuu. 4urypufe ua qouonouko uueo ur paeaaf seyuocf ua
cfuxof u eyqouucku npuseyk ua uenafa necua, a co carofo uucucfupane pa ce
noefopyeaaf rnacoeu, sopoeu, cuufakcu ce oeosroyea noefckuof uspas pa ce
usrpapu po nepqekuuja. 4ouonoukufe qurypu, f.e. suaenafa u uueuufe ropu-
qukauuu, ce op ocoeuo suaene sa noefckuof roeop. Epuocfaeuo seyuufe sua-
af,
6
upejku seykof u upejafa eo sopof ce cnnofyeaaf, sopoeufe kako pa ce
npepucnouupauu epuu sa ppyru, caro fpea pa ce npouajpaf, pa ce usepaf u
pa ce poeepaf eo npupopua feopeka / npopykfueua ceraufuka epcka.
7
Kora
ce cnyyea oea, necuafa necuo eneryea eo yeofo ua ufafenof u ce eocnpuera
kako uajyaea renopuja. Bo necuafa Cepyr uaepakana kou rofueof fpenefnu-
ka ja saeneyeare , kako eo npurepof:


4
Faue Topopoecku, , Haua kuura, Ckonje, 1989, cfp.52 53.
5
ukpo Oceanp,; Topopoe Ueefau, , efcka
papocf, Ckonje, 1994, cfp. 39.
6
Kynaqkoea Kafuua, , Haua kuura, Ckonje,
1984.
7
ibid, cfp. 53.
78
-

* * * * *
unu: . .
Tyka ce cpefuaere u co :



Bo oeoj cfux xaprouuuo u napanenuo ce noefopyea ucfuof cknon / nap
ua carornacku: e-o-e-o / e-a-e-a.
Topopoecku ekcnepureufupa u co nekcerafa npeky uoeu u ceeu npe-
qukcu, cyqukcu unu kouekcuu. Bo oeaa necua, cakajku pa ro ucfakue ua npepeu
nnau uecnokojcfeofo, ro kopucfu npequkcof : , , , -
, , , , . Ako ru ufare
no pep op noefuufe cfuxoeu po kpajuufe eo necuafa, no oeoj pepocnep kako
ufo u ce uapepeuu, ke saeneure peka ue e cnyajuo ufo aefopof sanouyea
u saepuyea co , ; , a rery uue kako pa rpapupa
no epua uepoopnuea yropuuua cefo oua ufo ja eosuerupyea fpenefnukafa, u
foa nofcuneuo co npequkcof (eo ynora ua uerauuja), c co uen pa ce nofeu-
uupa u pa ce ucfakue uocekafa upejua nopaka ua necuafa, a foa e ersucfeuuu-
jafa ua coepereuuof oeek ucnpaeeu npep ueuseecuocfufe ufo ru uocu coepe-
reuofo ueeene.
Ceeuuafa eo cfuxof poara u op ynofpeafa ua ueonorusrufe, kou u
nofcefyeaaf ua uerpauuuufe eo jasukof, uako roe pa koucfafupare peka eo
necuafa Cepyr uaepakana kou rofueof fpenefnuka ru saeneyeare eo ruo-
ry ran npoueuf (np. ). Tyka saeneyeare u (np.,
), co koj ce osuayeaaf cufe cfapuucku sopoeu, uspasu, rparafuku o-
nuuu, upuoru u koucfpykuuu u eoonufo cufe jasuuu cpepcfea ufo ce ynofpe-
yeane eo ruuafufe nepuopu ua jasuuuof paseufok kou ce uenocuo unu penyr-
uo ucqpneuu op pepoeua ynofpea, uo eo nufepafypafa noefopuo oueeauu.
8

Kaj noefof Faue Topopoecku ja saeneyeare u feupeuuujafa jasukof pa
ce coepe (koupeusupa) unu pa ce ekouorusupa eo epeu sop unu epua yuuja,
a ce useepyea npeky cnoeukufe (koeauuuufe), kou ce ceraufuku kouueufpaf,
srycuyea. Bo necuafa Cepyr uaepakana kou rofueof fpenefnuka ru saeney-
eare oeue ropanufefu: koeauuua co npequkc: , , -
, ; pefepruuauuja npeky uerauuja: , , -
; cfeneuu ua kornapauuja: , , .
Cfuxof ua Faue Topopoecku oceeu ufo ce paseuea ua qouonouko par-
uuufe, ucfo faka nokayea popa oprauusauuja u ua cuufakcuko uueo. Bcyu-
uocf, ce qurypafueuu uufepeeuuuu ufo ce upeufuqukyeaaf npe-
ky cneuujanuu cuufakcuku npouepypu. Haeneryeajku eo napapurrafa ua fekc-
fof, cuufakcukufe qurypu unu refafakcu npaeaf cunuu ropuqukauuu ua noef-
ckuof uspas nonuejku ru co uoeu pononuufenuu suaena ru uspuruyeaaf ro-
uocfufe ua jasukof ua noeucok cfeneu ua ekcnpecueuocf u xaprouuuocf.
9

Cefo oea ceepou u pokayea peka cfauyea sop sa popa apxufekfouuka ua
qouonouku nnau, a necuafa ura opnueu cnyx co eusyenuufe uuqoprauuu.


8
ibid
9
ibid, cfp. 74.
79
...
Ekcnpecueuocfa ua cuufakcuko uueo Topopoecku ja nocfuruan co rpapa-
uuja ua rucnafa, co ufo ce ocfeapyea erouuouanua uanuafocf. Bo cfuxoeufe:

,
* * *
. . .

saeneyeare ofu rucnufe ufo ce cokpueaaf sap eeufo oppauufe so-
poeu npupouecyeaaf pa ce sacunu noefuafa npefcfaea, co ufo nporpecujafa e
uaropua . Rpu rpapupanefo nourufe ce uapepeuu no cunafa ua uue-
uafa ekcnpecueuocf, a rajcfopcfeofo ce ornepa eo foa ufo c ce opeuea eo ue-
rauuja sa erofueuuof eqekf co cunuua ua rour pa yppu eo yeofo ua ufafenof.
Tyka ja npenosuaeare u ynofpeafa ua qurypafa , co ufo ce nocfur-
uyea sueuocf ua uspasof, koupeusupauocf ua cnukufe u ua npefcfaeufe sa
fpenefnukafa:

.
, .
,
.
* * *
,
: ,. .

kape ufo ce saeneyea peka ucnyufeuufe cepsuuuu ce sareuyeaaf co
uufepnyukuuckufe suauu: sanupka, foka u pee foku.
Topopoecku fyka npaeu u npekpuyeane ua uoprufe ua cuufakcafa co
pasuoeupuu uueepsueuu peueuuja, kape ufo koukpefuuof pepocnep ua koucfu-
fyeufufe ce ornepyea kako npereuef eo opuoc ua uekoj ppyr pepocnep.
10
Rpe-
ky cnukapckufe nofesu ufo eo noesujafa ce uapekyeaaf ce oqopry-
ea cuufakcukuof fernepareuf ua necuafa Cepyr uaepakana kou rofueof
fpenefnuka, a ro cornepyeare eo cnepuuee cfuxoeu:





,



Bo oeue cnyau uueepsueuufe cknonoeu ce nonsyeaaf kako uucfpyreufu
ua puckpefua cfunusauuja.
Faue Topopoecku ro oorafyea ceojof noefcku pakonuc u co npucycfeofo
ua refaqopufe. Kaj uero u cnukufe, u refaqopufe, u acouujauuufe ce pepaf co
jacua nocfaeeuocf:


10
Hukonoecka Kpucfuua, , 3ojpep, Ckonje, 1999.
80
-

.

, ,
,
.

Cocfojafa co e uufepecua eo necuafa Cepyr
uaepakana kou rofueof fpenefnuka
11
, kape ufo uera uufy epua in praesentia
rnaroncka refaqopa. Rocfou uena cepuja npepukafua uusa op peeef rnaronu:
,, , , , , , -
, , koja e onepafueua. Cufe peeef npepukafu eo necuafa ce
opuecyeaaf ua cyjekfof fpenefnuka eo uacnoeof. Ro opuoc ua uacnoeof fue
roe pa opasyeaaf S P cfpykfypa, kako eo cfuxoeufe:

, ,
, ,
,
.
12


Bo oeoj koufekcf u ue osuayeaaf cfyp
ufo ro yecfeyeare ua fenofo, fyky ro osuayeaaf pyueeuofo uecnokojcfeo u
ce papeuu uenocpepuo refaqopuku. 3uau eoouere peka eo oeaa necua
eoonufo ro uera ropenof in praesentia, upejku ura rnaroncka refaqopa co S
(cyjekf) eo uacnoeof. Oeoj ropanufef ja sajakuyea epckafa ua npepukafufe co
uacnoeof. Bo necuafa ura pacqpnauu npepukafu ufo uuknuuupaaf kou uacno-
eof. Topopoecku fyka ro rnepare kako roner eupfyos co usocfpeu cnyx pa uc-
kornouupa useoupepua renopuja couuefa op raruuu sopoeu u ua foj uauu
pa cospape ueouua urpa ufo ro qacuuuupa cekoj ouoj ufo ke uacnyuue pen
op ueroeufe cfuxoeu. Ckenefof ua necuafa e rnaroncku. '4urypafueuofo ppeo
e' rnaroncko. Ho foa cenak ue ce refaqopu in praesentia u ueraaf S P
cfpykfypa kapakfepucfuua sa FM.
13
Hukonoecka ke sanpaua: 3oufo oepe kaj
Topopoecku in praesentia? Eupejku ce 'paofu ua' xororeuu-
sauuja co uacnoeof, ce sajakuyea epckafa co uero.
14
Heroeafa fajua e eo foa
pa ce upe nouuakoe. Foneruof ucfpayea ua jasukof co uokfufe pue eo pna-
ouuafa ua cfuxof u uacfojyea pnauucku pa ja oppenu ueroeafa noesuja op
afpakfueuufe cfuxoeu cospaeauu eo foj nepuop.

S (cyjekf) P (npepukaf) O (ojekf)
1.fpenefnuka
(ucnyufeuo)
esupa eo onauufe
2.fpenefnuka
(ucnyufeuo)
serue cpepnefuufe eseefpuuu
3.fpenefnuka
(ucnyufeuo)
ce fpaka uecnokojua

11
ibid
12
ibid, 2004, cfp.243-244.
13
ibid, cfp. 244.
14
ibid, cfp.244.
81
...
Tpea pa uanoreuere peka nocnepuuof cfux eo necuafa e papeu eo uu-
eepsuja: uecnokojua ce fpaka.
a koucfafupare peka pojpoere po saknyokof peka cyjekfof (fpenefnu-
kafa) e ucnyufeu eo cufe cfuxoeu op necuafa, uo safoa urare rakcuranuo
paseueua rpapauuja ua npepukafufe u rpapene ua epua nepcouuqukauucka cka-
na co euafpeuua nepfuueufuocf.
Bo necuafa Cepyr uaepakana kou rofueof fpenefnuka ru cpekaeare u
cnepuuee penauuu ua refaqopafa:

:
-fpenefof, nokas ua cfpaenuea carofuja
/ P (npepukaf) / O (ojekf)
-ua couof, poufe, ua nouukafa ur sanasyea (co uueepsuja)
O (ojekf) / P (npepukaf)
:
- Taa e nuua cpepnonka
-H serue kora cnofuaf cpepnefuufe eseefpuuu
P (npepukaf) O (ojekf)
- ur ce sanasyea ua nfuuufe
P (npepukaf) O (ojekf)
:
- rpeuuo-nperpeuua janoeuua saueceua
S (cyjekf ucnyufeu) O (ojekf) P (npepukaf)

Bo opuoc ua kapakfepof u eupof ua ceraufukuof npeuoc, refaqopafa
fyka e:

:
-Taa e nuua cpepnonka
:
- u serue kora cnofuaf cpepnefuufe eseefpuuu
- fpenefof nokas ua cfpaenuea carofuja
(cuufarra ua npunapuocf)

Bo cfuxoeufe ua necuafa Cepyr uaepakana kou rofueof fpenefnuka
saeneyeare u:

:
-nuua cpepnonka
-seneuuno nenepyru
-seneua uecnokojuuka
in absentia:
-seneuu knenku uecou
-Hecouka. Hepofka. 3eneua uecnokojuuka.

:
-fpenefof nokas ua cfpaenuea carofuja
- ur ce sanasyea ua nfuuufe
ruespa ufo ceune eo uea
ua couof, poufe, nouukafa ur sanasyea.
82
-
Bo noefckuof puckypc ua Topopoecku saeneyeare u
, koja ce eneu ua ouue recfa kape ufo nofeuuujafa sa 'noee-
kesuauocf' ua noefckafa pe e uspaseua. Co ppyru sopoeu peeuo, foa ce
cknonoeu kou npupouecyeaaf pa ce sroneru ueufnueocfa u npouseonuocfa eo
qoprynupanefo ua nopakafa.
15
Bo Cepyr uaepakana kou rofueof fpenefnu-
ka ypeojyeanefo ua ancfpakfuocfa ro saeneyeare ouary kape ufo cnukap-
ckafa efkuka ua noefof eenu:


, .

Bo oeaa necua ro eooyeare puckpefuuof konopuf ooeu co seneuafa
oja. Rpeky onucof ua uapeopeuuuof usrnep ua fpenefnukafa u uejsuuafa ncu-
xonouka, opuocuo pyueeua cocfoja e poeepeua eo fecua epcka co ncuxonou-
kafa, opuocuo pyueeuafa cocfoja ua oeekof. Taa epcka ja nocfuruyea faka
ufo refaqopufe sa fpenefnukafa, npeky kou rucnufe u pasrucnufe ce npefeo-
peuu eo noefcku cnuku, ce papeuu uus opnukufe ua kako
cfuncka qurypa co uen pa ja npeopasu, pa u pape oeeku ocouuu, saufo
caro oeekof ura cnocouocf pa rucnu, pa pacypyea, pa yecfeyea, pa pearu-
pa, na u pa couyea. 3afoa, kora foj nee sa fpenefnukafa, rucnu ua oeekof:

?

oeue pee uejsuuu ersucfeuuujanuu u ropanuu ceojcfea ry ce ceojcfeeuu
caro ua oeekof.
Ro ceojafa yaeuua, no ceoufe euafpeuuu urnyncu u pufruka, no ceojafa
cyrecfueuocf, no epepuocfa ua ceojafa nepcouuqukauuja, oeaa necua npefcfa-
eyea epua op uajyaeufe ua oeoj noef.
16

Buafpe eo foj ceraufuku konopuf, nonu co ueeoouaeuu suaena, uac-
nukau ua cnukafa co uacnoe Cepyr uaepakana kou rofueof fpenefnuka, sup-
ka u .
17
Busyenuo cuuecfefuku cknon urare eo cfuxoeufe:

.
,
* * *
... .

Bo oeaa necua eo neffofo neene ja npenosuaeare u :

...

koja eusyenuo uu oeosroyea pa pouere cnuka ua sronereu ncuxonou-
ku foeap, uspuruaf po rakcuryr.

15
Hukonoecka Kpucfuua, , 3ojpep, Ckonje
16
Cfojauoeuk Mupony, , , Makepoucka peeuja , Ckonje,
1990, cfp.17.
17
Kynaqkoea Kafuua, , Haua kuura, Ckonje,
1984.
83
...
4akf e peka noefof Faue Topopoecku e 'uckycuuk', 'cnapokyceu' u roner
'saeopuuk' ua pefa.
18
Toj e raruouuap ufo cu urpa co noesujafa u npep cco
jasukof u koj ue ru ofkpuea ceoufe fajuu, kou ce nocfojaua npoeokauuja sa kpufu-
kafa. Toj e nocfojau ucfpayea, fpara, npouaora, a ueroeuof puckypc uanuky-
ea ua npefeok kyqep, koj feuko peka uekoj ke ce ocrenu pa ro nofkpeue. Bo
noesujafa uero ro eopu enafa pa ro nocfurue co sopoeu oua ufo ro npaeu
rysukafa co uofufe. Offyka u upeanof kou knacuua xaprouuja, kornouupane
ua sopoeufe, cospaeane ua coseyja. Moeu eo foa ura u epeu noefuku
cfae peka rysukafa e uajeucoka u kpajua uen ua noesujafa, co opqejcko cqaka-
ne ua eonueuafa rok u raruuofo pejcfeo ua necuafa. Hra feupeuuuja noe-
sujafa pa cfaue cnuua ua rysukafa, co foa ufo uaora ponupu rery seyuufe u
yecfeafa.
Bo efepfafa ueroea supka Eounak ofneafeua eo 1960 ropuua foj uu
uajaeyea epua faua roncka opkecfpauuja uus cfuxoeufe ua necuafa Couafu-
ua ucnpennefeua co npupopuuof rysuku ekeueaneuf ua noefckafa ucnoeep.
Mofueof ua ocareuocfa e ocuoeuafa uuuka ufo ru noepsyea peefe necuu Ce-
pyr uaepakana kou rofueof fpenefnuka u Couafuua, kape ufo aefopof ce
uaora . Couafuua eo ceojafa npea cfpoqa, fakauape-
eua ekcnosuuuja, uajaeyea pee feru: CROKOJCTBO CAMOTHJA u CBEXH-
HA. Ocuoeuuof fouanufef ua ekcnosuuujafa ro oppepyea -
cknon ua cfuxoeufe fereneu ua (8 nafu), (7
nafu) u (9 nafu) sacuneu co (noefopyeane ua cufe rnacoeu ua kpa-
jof ua cfuxof ufo ce eeupeufupaaf ua ropqocuufakcuko uueo);

,

.

Ha qouonouko uueo ce saeneyea epeu ueoponue raruefusar rery
noefckufe enereufu, qoueru, kou cospaeaaf epua pufruka, epuo afunuuo us-
pasyeane, koe ura epcka co qouonoukuof ceef eo koj rouue yreuuo nnuea
noefof. Paseojuafa qasa ua necuafa ja npaeaf efopafa u fpefafa cfpoqa eo
kou ce paspaofeuu pee feru uajaeeuu eo ekcnosuuujafa, co foa ufo, sa pa ce
userue nofpeafa ua npeopuufe onuuu u pa ce npoponu fekof, eepuau e
npoponeua efopafa fera ceeuuafa. Bfopafa cfpoqa e rpapeua co ucfufe
cpepcfea, uo co pasnuka eo rafepujanof. Anufepauucko acouaufckafa cfpyk-
fypa ua cfuxoeufe cera ce ferenu ua seyuocf ufo ce nocfuruyea co noefopy-
eanefo ua cornackufe u , oppenuo u eo rpynu. Boepuo ce saeneyea u noe-
fopyeanefo ua eokanufe (6 nafu), (7 nafu) u (6 nafu):

,
,


Rocnepuuof sop op oeaa cfpoqa uajaeyea paspaofka ua npea-
fa fera CROKOJ, eo fpefafa cfpoqa efereneua ua seykoeufe (8 nafu) u :


18
Kpucfuua Hukonoecka, , 3ojpep, Ckonje, 2000, cfp. 56.
84
-
,
,
.

Tpefuof pen ua oeoj couafeu onuk ja penpusupa ekcnosuuujafa, uo foa
ue ro npaeu ykeanuo uu eo rysuka, uo eo ceraufuka crucna; uako e ronk, eo
koj ue ce oekyea uukakeo peuene, ueufo cenak ce cnyyea. Toj cnokoj, faa fu-
uuua ru npepuseukyea roreufufe ua pauyeane. 3a pa ue ce uapyuyeaaf npu-
cyfuufe fpenepena ua noepeuuuafa ua cefunafa, noefof npepnara rupyeane.
Tue epuucfeeuo faka roe pa ce poueeaf:

,

! !

Mysukafa ocuoea ua saepuuuof pen ua Couafuua, koja ournepuo e po-
peua no uerafa A E A, nouea ua seyeu ekeueaneufusar ua suakoeufe H,
A, u M, sacuneuu co enuqopa u acuupeuf, uja nojaea caro eo quuanefo ua sa-
epuuuof cfux ournepuo ue e cnyajua. Roefof Faue Topopoecku usrpapun
epua epuucfeeua u cknapua fouanuocf ua ceojafa necua, koja e co pasuoeupua
acouujafueuocf ua seyuuof rafepujan (A, O, C; R, P, T, H; A, M) u ja oesepy-
ea nofpeuafa nonuqouuuocf, ueufo nocunuo uarnaceua eo saepuuuof pen,
eo koj, nokpaj pepoeuafa enuqopa, ce ynofpeyea u acuupeuf.
Ha qouonouko uueo ja saeneyeare u qurypafa , kape
ufo ce epuu coepuuyeane ua sopoeu co cnueu seykoeeu cocfae, a co uesa-
eucuo suaene, np.: , . Cfpaferuc-
kufe oseyyeana ce fakfuka ua noesujafa co uajkynfueupauu curuanu, koja ue ce
rau pa upe 'narefua', saufo eeke oparua e, u saufo 'foa' caka pa ro ocfaeu
noseyuo, noueofuo, nouefekcfoeuo.
19

Op cuufakcukufe qurypu e saenenue eo nocnepuafa
cfpoqa eo necuafa Couafuua, kape ufo e noeeke op eupnueo ofcycfeofo ua
cepsuuuufe, co ufo ce sueaaf cnukufe eo kou jacuo ro poueyeare ronkof,
kako eusyenuo, faka u erofueuo. u ce qurypufe ufo
Topopoecku ue roe pa ru operue, na faka ru ura u eo oeue cfuxoeu eo npu-
repufe: , . Haeucfuua, noefof yree pa koee sopoeu, op nocfoj-
uuof qoup pa ro opupa oua ufo e npurepuo u pa ro cfaea eo uoe opuoc cnpe-
ra uenafa npefxopua crucna unu koufekcfof, co ufo ce pouea uoeo suaene,
uoe, poforau ueeupeu cjaj.
Bepyeajku eo cunuuafa ua nonuqouuuocfa ua sopoeufe, uapruuyeajku
ja apuepafa ua cqakanefo ua jasukof kako uuepfua u sakopaeeua raca, Topo-
poecku rouue ycneuuo ce uypuyea eo ceruonoukuof ceef eo koj popo ce
opueufupa. Ceraufukufe qurypu ro pasyaeyeaaf fekcfof, uo foa ue e uueua
epxoeua u ocuoeua uen. Opuareufuuof kapakfep ua ceraufukufe qurypu e
uueua cnopepua opnuka. Op cyufecfeeuo suaene sa uue e ynorafa eo upejuo
ecfefckofo nocfoene ua caruof yrefuuku fekcf u eo ueroeofo eocnpuerane
op ufafenof / peuenfopof".
20


19
Hukonoecka Kpucfuua, , 3ojpep, Ckonje, cfp.82.
20
Kynaqkoea Kafuua, , Haua kuura , Ckonje,
1984.
85
...
Op ceraufukufe qurypu eo cfuxof rarocuo ronkof raru ja npenosua-
eare , kape ufo ua ancfpakfuofo ry ce npupaea oeeka
ocouua, upejku suaere peka rarenefo u narafa ce ceojcfeeuu caro sa oee-
kof.
Op Apucfofen uayuere peka refaqopafa fpea pa ja apare u eo ueo-
uuofo, uacnpera ouuofo. Boseuueu u eynrapeu e ouoj cfux ufo ce cnyu
co ueouuu uspasu
21
Oua ufo ce uaeecfyea e noeqekfuo op oua ufo ce pas-
noyea.
22
Bo necuafa Couafuua ru npenosuaere cnepuuee :

S (cyjekf) P (npepukaf) O (ojekf)
II cfpoqa nenenaea
nenepyro
npkuu no nonckaua
noneuua
IV cfpoqa ronkof raru rarocuo
IV cfpoqa ruuyfku raru rpeukaeu

Kapakfepucfuuo e pa uanoreuere peka cfauyea sop sa rnaroncku refa-
qopu in praesentia, kou ce papeuu npeky uueepsueuu peueuuja u kape ufo eo
npeuof npurep ce ynofpeyea qoprafa ua sanoeepuuof uauu. Op ppyra cfpa-
ua, nak, eo nocnepuafa cfpoqa co ucnyufanefo ua cepsuuuufe ce nocfuruyea
cuneu eqekf ua refaqopafa. Ceraufukofo uueo ua suaenefo npefcfaeeuo
oepe npeky refaqopafa kopecnoupupa co cuufakcukofo npeky uueepsueuofo
peueuue. Boepuo fyka noefof ce nofnupa u ua okasuouenufe sa recfo (eo efo-
pafa cfpoqa), ufo npefcfaeyea pen op refaqopuuuof uckas u ry paea noce-
eu konopuf. Oua ufo urnpecuouupa e u uueuafa ancfpakfuocf, koja e fonky
peanuo papeua ufo urare yecfeo peka u ueeupnueofo roe pa ro eupure, a
cefo foa uenoefopnueo useepeuo npeky urpafa ua rnacoeufe ufo rpapaf npe-
kpacua rysuka kornosuuuja. Hako uenafa necua e usrpapeua op c ua c# 12
cfuxa, ropare pa kaere peka uus yopenefo ua neunueuof eoponap op so-
poeu ekcnpecujafa e sacuneua u co , kou ce fpkanaaf ueape uoeopo-
peuu peuna op nepofo ua noefof. Enufefof e npucyfeu eo npurepufe: -
, , .
Tpea pa ce ucfakue peka Topopoecku noesujafa ue ja cqaka caro kako
yopene ua sopoeu op kou ue cfpyu rucnafa. Toj uacfojyea co cfux pa u au-
raupa, a ecfefckafa sarafka ua rakepouckafa noesuja e, ecyuuocf, sarafka
ua uejsuuuof uenokyneu jasuko uraruuafueeu cyncfpaf u yecfeeuo rucno-
eeu nopepok
23



:

1.Apucfofen, , Kynfypa, Ckonje, 1990.
2.Borges Luis Jorge, To umjece stiha, Naklada Jesenski i Turk, Zagreb, 2001.
3.Baurenoe Afauac, , Mucna, 1981.
4.Baurenoe Afauac, , Mucna, Ckonje,
1978.

21
Apucfofen, ,, Kynfypa, Ckonje, 1990.
22
Borges Luis, To umjece stiha, Naklada Jesenski i Turk, Zagreb, 2001.
23
Cfappenoe Feopru, , Kynfypa, 1981, cfp. 36.
86
-
5.ukpo, Oceanp u Topopoe Ueefau, ,
efcka papocf, Ckonje, 1994.
6.pyroeau Muoppar, II, Haua kuura, Ckonje, 1986.
7.3ypoeau Mupko, , Hoeu Cap, 1987.
8.Heauoeuk Paporup, , Makepoucka peeuja, Ckonje, 1988.
9.Heauoeuk Paporup, ,Mucna, 1979.
10.Koueecku auuno, , Haua kuura, 1984.
11.Pofrau M. Jypuj, , Makepoucka pe, Ckonje,
2005.
12.Mufpee urufap, , Haua kuura 1970.
13.Muukoeuk Cnoopau, ,for
efepfu, Mucna, Ckonje, 1974.
14.Haueecku yuko, , Kynfypa, 1990.
15.Haueecku yuko, , , Mucna, Ckonje, 1977.
16.Haueecku yuko, ,Mucna, Ckonje, 1982.
17.Hukonoecka Kpucfuua, , 3ojpep, Ckonje, 1999.
18.Hukonoecka Kpucfuua, , 3ojpep, Ckonje, 2000.
19.Hukonoecka Kpucfuua, , 3ojpep, Ckonje, 2004.
20. Hukonoecka Kpucfuua, , 3ojpep,Ckonje, 2000.
21.Cnacoe Anekcaupap, , Kynfypa, Ckonje, 1977.
22.Cfappenoe Feopru, , Kuurouspafencfeo Koo Pauuu ",Ckonje, 1958.
23.Cfappenoe Feopru, , Kynfypa, Ckonje, 1981.
24.Cfojauoeuk Mupony, , a, Makepoucka
peeuja,Ckonje, 1990.
25.Kynaqkoea Kafuua, , Haua kuura,
Ckonje, 1984.
26.-anoecku Topop, , eo Faue
Topopoecku, Recuu, Haua kuura, Ckonje, 1989.

87






BETWEEN COLOR AND SOUND

Marina Danilovska

(Summary)


Gane Todorovski is an irreplaceable virtuoso with verses, and the thing that
makes him special is his perfectionist style. The poet pays a great attention to the
words, he develops them and improves them, enriches them with new meanings,
making combinations of them in various relations and in this way giving them new
possibilities. In the center of the poets untamable restlessness is the game with
the common word and its constant dressing in unusual outfits.
He constantly tries to engage us with the verses. He is a magician who plays
with the poetry and above all with the language, who doesnt reveal his own
secrets which are a constant provocation for the critics. In the poetry, he is driven
by the desire to achieve with words the same effect that the music achieves with
notes. His ideal goes towards classical harmony, word composition and creation of
accords.
88
89






-
LITERARY CONNECTIONS
90
91


343.819.5
Hseopeu uayeu fpyp



. .

-


: -, , , , ,
key words: concentration camp, remembrance, oblivion, society, politics,evil


He!... He fpea pa ce enka eo ruuafofo!...
Koj ruuafofo ke ro cnorue pa ry ce uckona oko!
Caro, noroeopkafa saepuyea eaka:
Koj ke ro saopaeu, pa ry ce uckonaaf peefe!
. ,


Bo fekcfof Meropuja. Hcfopuja. Tpayra uacfojyeaere pononuufenuo pa
paspaofure uekou feru co kou ce sauuraeaere u eo fekcfof Cufe uauu noro-
pu.
1
Cfauyea sop sa fekcfof eo koj ce sauuraeare co epua op uajfpayrafu-
uufe feru ua uauafa, u ue caro uaua
2
, nouoea ucfopuja - noropufe. Toj fekcf e
cospapeu nop eneafok ua kpajuo nopasufenuuof qakf peka ua npocfopufe ua
couujanucfuka Jyrocnaeuja noponro epere qyukuuouupane noropu sa nonufu-
kufe ueucforucneuuuu, u no saepuyeanefo ua Bfopafa ceefcka eojua. Ho u no-
kpaj foa yacyeako cnosuauue sa nocfoenefo ua noropu sa nonufuku ueno-
pouu noepuuuu eo ppaeafa ufo jaeuo npoknarupaue (u uuuuuo ru nofnu-
uyeaue cufe rouu u uerouu reryuapopuu koueeuuuu sa saufufa ua oee-
kufe u ua rparauckufe npaea u yuo npofecfupaue ako fue npaea ce npekpuy-
eaa eo uekoj pen op ceefof) peka cufe ceou nonufuku kouqnukfu/pasnuku ke ru
peuaea ua perokpafcku uauu, yufe nouenpujafuo eere usueuapeuu op cfpa-
eof ua ronerofo ruosuucfeo uauu uufenekfyanuu, kou ue caro ufo ja ueraa
enereufapuafa rparaucka u nonufuka xpapocf pa ce cooaf co foa fauo

1
Cfauyea sop sa fekcfof ufo ro npoufaere ua curnosuyrof sa A. Baurenoe, ua
4unonoukuof qakynfef eo Ckonje, oppau op 15 po 16 pekerepu 2009. Co foj fekcf cakaere
pa nokaere kako noropufe ue ce ueufo ufo ry npunara ua paneuofo ruuafo, fyky cfauyea
sop sa uoroc ua nonufukuof npocfop eo koj u peuec ueeere (G. Agamben). 3a foa ua epeu
neepeu, uo safoa uuufo noranky ocfap uauu, eupefe eo: O. Rezac, Ronufukafa ucfopuja
ua oukaeafa uua, Rpepuja, poe, norop, Peeak, 3arpe 2009.
2
Cn. Tz. Todorov, Voices from the Gulag - Life and Death in Comunist Bulgaria, Philadelphia:
Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. Bo oeaa kuura aefopof u sanosuaea co nofpecuu
pokasu sa snocfopcfeafa ua nofuuefufe eo koryuucfukufe kouueufpauuouu noropu eo
Eeneua u eo Ckpaeeua.
92
-
cosuauue, fyky u ucknyufenuo eeufo ro useruyeaa cekoe usjacuyeane/cnpo-
fuecfaeyeane ua faa ueperokpafcka nonufuka npakfuka, koja op ceoufe rpara-
uu cucferafcku npouseepyeaue uenpujafenu ua onufecfeofo u nofoa, sa ce-
koj cnyaj, es cypene ru ucnpakaue ua uekoe epere eo noropu. Ho uu ppyrufe
rparauu ue cakaa pa ro eupaf foa sno, fue roucfpyosuu akfueuocfu ufo ce cny-
yeaa cekojpueeuo, eere ueru ceepouu kako npeky uok ucesuyeaaf uauu co-
cepu, nosuauuuu, npujafenu u fokry faa fexuuka ua pexyrauusauuja u uueuu-
nusauuja ua pfeufe npefcfaeyeaue uajpenofeopuo ane sa ycnueane ua ro-
panof ua rparaucfeofo: sa oeeuocfa ua pfeafa pa ce uanpaeu ueeupnuea,
oeekof fpea caro pa ja uspuue op ceefof ua ponuocfufe (Z. Bauman,
2000, 27), f.e. op kpyrof ua ouue co kou ura uenocpepeu ponup. H eo ppyru co-
uujanucfuku serju nocfoene kouueufpauuouu noropu. Taka eo Eyrapuja noc-
nepuuof kouueufpauuoueu norop e safeopeu eo 1962 ropuua! Mucnar peka ue e
nofpeuo pa ce cnoreuyea peka eakeufe, ue au npujafuu qakfu ue ce cnoruy-
eaaf eo uuepeu yeuuk no ucfopuja nuuyeau no 1989 ropuua eo Eyrapuja. H eo
ppyrufe fpausuuucku serju npeoenapyea ucfafa npakfuka - enacfa useruyea
ceojafa jaeuocf pa ja coou co ruuafofo! Ho faa npakfuka ua nperonyeane ua
ucfopuckafa eucfuua uukako ue e pesynfaf ua npoqecuouanuo uesuaene, fyky
ce paofu sa uarepuo oblitio memoriae. He e cnopuo peka noropufe -
:
ceef ua
peuenefo op uapeopeuuuof ceef, faka u ekcnepureufof ua fofanuafa enacf
eo kouueufpauuouuof norop e noepsau co nofpeafa u euafpe eo epua serja eo
koja ce enapee fofanufapuo pa ce uanpaeu uenponycfnue sa ceefof ua cufe
ppyru, eoonufo sa ceefof ua ueufe. Co faa uenponycfnueocf ce noepsauu euc-
fuuckafa uecfeapuocf u ueeepopocfojuocf, kou ce saepuuku sa cufe useeufau
op noropof u npefcfaeyea epua op uajronerufe feukofuu sa pasupane ua fo-
fanuafa qopra ua enacfa co ue nocfoene uacfauyeaaf u ucesuyeaaf kouueu-
fpauuouufe noropu u noropufe ua yuuufyeanefo; upejku fue noropu, konky u
pa seyu ueeepojafuo, ce eucfuuckufe ueufpanuu uucfufyuuu ua fofanuuof
anapaf ua rokfa u ua oprauusauujafa (H. Arendt, 1986, 908). Ako uekako u roe
pa ce pasepe peka fofanufapuufe enapefenu ce fajuu u peka faa fajuocf eoon-
ufo ue saeucu op uueuafa upeonouka efukefa,
3
ako e cqafnue uueuuof konue
ua cufe rouu, na u ua ouue ueposeoneuu uauuu, pa ce npukpue nocfoenefo
ua noropufe, uukako ue eneryeaue eo rnaea peka ua ucf uauu ce opuecyeane u
uauufe uufenekfyanuu/nucafenu: u fue cucferafcku yecfeyeane eo npukpuea-
nefo ua foj yaceu qakf. Ropapu foa uukako ue roeere pa ro onpaepare
uueuofo ronene sa foj oneu u cpareu qakf op uauefo nucko ruuafo, koj eo

3
H epeu op uajnosuafufe noroponosu ua oeue npocfopu, Joeuua Akuu, ce cnoyea co oeaa
koucfafauuja sa anonufuuocfa ua noropckofo nuuyeane. Roeeke sa foa eo: Boeepua
eneuka, eo ferafa Kuueeua noroponoruja, eno, p. 4-5/1986., cfp. 1-18 (...) noropckofo
nuuyeane ue e cyufuucku nonufuku uu. Ronufukuof enereuf eo uero e eknyeu caro
fonky konky ufo e cooyeajku ce, sppyeu co ropanuofo, upejku noroponorujafa epuakeo ru
pasofkpuea ropanuufe u nonufukufe ocuoeu ua papeu onufecfeeu nopepok, op epua, u e
ceoeeupua uupueupyanua nonufuka ua oeekofo cyufecfeo ufo eo noefukafa ua epuo nu-
uyeane ro npouaora ropanof ua ceojof oproeop ua ueeosrouocfa ua oeekoeuof oncfauok
eo noropckuof ceef, op ppyra cfpaua. okonky cfauyea sop sa nonufukufe npuuuu nopapu
kou oeekof ce uauon eo noropof, eo ueroeofo nuuyeane fue uraaf caro efopocfeneuo
suaene u enujauue. Koueuo, sa npuuuufe soufo uekoj ce nporouyea u ce ucfpeyea
opnyyea ppaeafa, koja uukorau ue e u ue roe pa upe aefop ua kuueeuafa noroponoruja
93
. .
ronera repa ja ura oppepeuo u (uerafueuafa) uacoka ua uauafa upuuua. A foa
ecparuo ronene ue uno uuufo ppyro oceeu nponyufane u onpaepyeane
ua snofo eo onufecfeofo, opuocuo cfauyea sop sa uenocuafa uecnocouocf
pa ce poeepaf eo npauane ucfopujafa, kynfypafa, kuueeuocfa kako cocfae ua
rucnena ufo ru npukayeaaf cnukufe ufo carufe fue uufenekfyanuu/nucafe-
nu ru cospane sapapu oppyeane ua xererouucfukufe cfpykfypu ua suaene u
rok. 3a an, co nonufukafa/cfpaferujafa ua saopae ue e rouo pa ce peuu
uufy epeu ufeu nponer eo onufecfeofo, a co cucferafckofo nofucuyeane ua
fue uenpujafuu enusopu op nuckofo ruuafo uauufe uufenekfyanuu/nucafenu
ecyuuocf ce sanarane sa upuuua eo koja fokry foa nouo ruuafo ke sasere
nerufuruo recfo, u kako fakeo, uecnoueo e co upejafa sa ucfopucku uanpepok.
Ocfauyea cenak uejacuo kako ue roene pa cqafaf peka fokry co peqnekfue-
uo-kpufuko penerufurupane ua foa nouo ruuafo ce cospaeaaf ferenuu
npefnocfaeku sa kakeu uno nosufueuu onufecfeeuu norecfyeana. H ue caro
ufo necuo ja npuqafune enapejakafa unysuja peka ueeaf eo cnoopua u pe-
rokpafcka serja, fyky fokry fue une fue ufo cecppuo norarane eo cospaea-
nefo u nponyufanefo ua faa ueoppnuea u uenofpeua unysuja.
Cfeapuocfa, kako u ouuo, una ruory nofaua! Ueuafa ua faa unysuja
(npe)ckano ja nnafuere eo noefokof ua peeepeceffufe ropuuu ua ruuafuof
eek. H fakeo ueufo ke ce cnyyea cekoj naf kora uenofpeuo ke npeckokuere
uekou (npe)eauu ucfopucku nekuuu, a pacnpaeafa sa 3nofo u sa ueroeufe ko-
peuu e fokry epua op fue saponufenuu nekuuu. A u forau kora, eo uekou cpek-
uu cnyau, ua oeue uecpekuu npocfopu u ce ofeopane fakeu pacnpaeu, forau
nak cre une ceepouu ua foa peka uauuof opuoc kou 3nofo e u cenekfueeu u
upeonouku ooeu. Haeucfuua, faa sacfpauyeaka cenekfueuocf, kako ufo
ueufo nopouua ke urare rouocf pa eupure, ue e ceojcfeeua ucknyueo sa
ankauckufe uufenekfyanuu! Taa, cypejku cnopep c, yuueepsanua cenekfue-
uocf npousneryea op ecyuuocf epeu kpajuo epuocfaeeu qakf - ueofof eo
nara/fofanufapusar eo uac nocfojauo npepuseukyea yecfeo peka uenoepafuo
cre usryune ueufo (popo, yaeo, uufuruo, epepuo...), opuocuo peka oppepe-
ua cnuka ua cfeapuocfa uu e ua rpy uauu opsereua, na forau faa cneuuqu-
ua fpayra op ryenefo ua faa cnuka ua cfeapuocfa ce npefeopa eo koucfufy-
fueua fpayra op papukanuofo ofcycfeo ua cfeapuocfa eoonufo. A oua ufo e
usryeuo/opsereuo cfauyea npepref ua cfpacua npuepsauocf unu ecko-
ueua renauxonuja, u kako fakeo nocfojauo cu oeosroyea fpaucuepeufanua
ocuoea ua concfeeuuof efuku urnepafue (V.Biti, 2005, 17), koj uac, sa an, ua
uukakoe uauu ue u oepsyea u ua kopekfuo efuuko-nonufuko pejcfeyeane.
Bo fekcfof Cufe uauu noropu ce cornacuere co feppenefo ua Xauc
Maruyc Euueuceprep peka uajcnekfakynapuuof nap ua uufenureuuujafa, eo
auaneu uauuouanusar
4
, ce cnyun fokry ua Eankauof, upejku faa uufenu-
reuuuja ue una eo cocfoja ceoefo nonufuko, kynfypuo u kpufuko pejcfeyea-

4
Cn. M. Bilig, Eauaneu uauuouanusar, XX eek, Eenrpap 2009. Epuakeo faka u Appiah & Gates
eo ceojof fpyp "Identites", Critical Inquiry, 18, 4 (Summer 1992):cfp.625-629 ynafyeaaf ua
nofpeafa sa nocfeceuuujanucfuka pekouuenuuja ua nourufe ua upeufufefof, kou uar u
uu oeosroune nopopo pa ro cqafure oea noefopuo nojaeyeane ua uauuouanusrof eo
Hcfoua Eepona. Hpeufufef roe pa ce fonkyea u kako uauu ua roeop/qopra ua ueofof.
Ako e foa faka, forau u uauuouanuofo suare roe pa ro uufepnpefupare kako epeu op
enereufufe ua qoprafa ua ueofof u koe kako fakeo npefcfaeyea epua op rouocfufe sa
apfukynauuja ua uauuouanuuof upeufufef.
94
-
ne pa ro eferenu ua upejafa ua papukanuafa perokpafuja. Ha uauufe uufe-
nekfyanuu eo uufy epeu roreuf ue ur napua ua naref ceoefo pejcfeyeane pa
ro ycornacaf co uaenafa ua upeonorujafa ua ucfopuckafa pekoucfpykuuja.
Caro op fue npuuuu ankauckafa uufenureuuuja op peqepeufuafa ceefcka
jaeuocf ue e npenosuaeua eo ropanuafa pureusuja ua uejsuuofo pejcfeyeane,
eo uekoja foka eo koja oeekuof pop u roen pa npenosuae feupeuuuja ufo
ufuo npupouecyea kou onufofo nopopyeane/paseoj ua oeeufeofo. Ho no-
popyeanefo/paseojof ue roe pa ce ocfeapaf co kakoe uno roeop - foa e
rouo ucknyueo co apfukynupau roeop, upejku caro co fakoe eup roeop on-
ufecfeofo roe pa ja apfukynupa ceojafa nonufuka eonja u pa ro npefcfaeu
kynfypuuof upeufufef ua uauu ufo oeosroyea koryuukauuja co uueunusa-
uucko onkpyyeane, eo papeu ucfopucku u upeonouku koufekcf, (...) ua ceefof
(B. Buden, 1998, 162). Toj, sa an, ue ce cnyu! ypu, uekou op fue uufenek-
fyanuu ofupoa u ekop nopaneky, na u caruof nepuop ua koryuusrof, eo koj u
carufe copaofyeane no ceoja eonja u akfueuo, a ruory ecfo u ua uajocfpafa
nuuuja ua koryuucfukafa/onueeuka napfuja, ro uufepnpefupaa kako fpayra-
fueu npekuu eo ucfopuckofo oceecfyeane ua uauujafa, kako sup op fpayru
ufo uekoja uenosuafa cuna ry ru uauena ua concfeeuuof upeufufef, na ua op-
uocuuof upeufufef cera ry e nofpeua fepanuja sa pa roe noefopuo pa ja
nocfurue ceojafa uufakfua cocfoja (a eo faa uufakfua cocfoja ce epakane
faka ufo fue nonufuku u uufenekfyanuu enufu sanouane npouec ua ouoey-
eane ua ouue npeoufuu/aefeufuuu upeufufefu ufo ru euecoa eo saepuu-
kafa ppaea eo 1918 ropuua, u kape ufo forau cufe npouecu sanouafu no faa
uecpekua ropuua ce poueyeaaf kako epere ua pacunyeane ua aefeufuuu-
fe upeufufefu sa. 3. K.) (B. Groys, 2006, 54).
5

Ho cenak fpea pa ce nocfaeu npauanefo panu ura enereufu koryuuc-
fukuof nepuop eo Jyrocnaeuja pa ce uufepnpefupa faka ufo sa uero ke ce so-
pyea kako sa fpayrafueu npekuu eo ucfopuckofo oceecfyeane ua uauujafa?
Ha cocera ucfu saeneuku uaupyeare u eo ppyru nocfkoryuucfuku serju, na
faka E. Kelbeceva eo fekcfof Bulgarian Cultural Identitey-an Escher*s Stairca-
se? uu cyrepupa peka rparauufe eo Eyrapuja eo nepuopof ua koryuucfukuof
peur urane yecfeo peka uueuuof upeufufef un uarepuo snoynofpeeu u
uckpueeu.

5
Cn. I.Dicev, Epoc u upeufufefof, eo 3opuukof: Eankauof kako refaqopa. Mery rnoanusa-
uuja u qparreufauuja, ep. Duan I. Bijelic & Obrad Savic, Eenrpapcku kpyr, Eenrpap 2003,
cfp.269-285. Hera corueeane peka cufe pparafuuu/fpayrafuuu npekuuu eo ucfopuckofo
oceecfyeane ua uauujafa ykayeaaf ua fpayrafuuuof kapakfep ua carofo rpapene ua
uauujafa, koja ropa pa usnese ua kpaj co uekonky eeka esppaeua ersucfeuuuja, uacoeua
kou oncfauok nop Oforauufe, u co fyrufe ennefkyeana ufo une ueonxopuu sa pa ce
cospapaf npakfuuo cufe ropepuu ppaeu eo peruouof. Pesynfafof e cyncfufyuuja ua nu-
suuafa co oppaneeuocfa. Henocpepuofo ruuafo, eekoeufe euafpe eo Oforauckofo Uapcfeo,
kou pnaoko ro oqoprune uenuof ueof u kynfypafa ua peruouof, e nofucuafo, a cnukafa ua
paneuufe eperuna ua cnaea e uerafuafa co uauuouanua roppocf, uako uejsuuafa epcka co
cerauuocfa ecfo e nponerafuua. Oeoj ucf ncuxocouujaneu opaseu e noefopyeau cekoj
naf kora cparuuof nepuop e usocfaeeu eo ucfopujafa, a ua jaeuafa cueua saekopune uoeu
nonufuku enufu . Ha npurep, pekoryuusauujafa eo Eyrapuja sanouana co npofepyeane ua
45-ropuuuafa kynfypua npopykuuja u epakane ua npepeoeuufe snafuu eperuna (ufo u ce
pekno uapopcku, ur ce epafuno runo sa pparo, upejku ua epuakoe uauu nocfanuna u
koryuucfukafa enufa no Bfopafa ceefcka eojua npofepyeajku ja rparauckafa kynfypua
npopykuuja u faka ro uarefuana ceojof uauu ua yueane/cospaeane kako epuucfeeu
poseoneu u npuqafnue ropen - sa.sk Z.K.) (2003, 274-275).
95
. .
H eepuau ropare pa kaere peka fesafa peka koryuucfukuof nepuop
npefcfaeyea fpayrafueu npekuu eo ucfopuckofo oceecfyeane ua uauujafa
eoonufo ue e ecrucneua. Mouo e pa ce pauu! Hreuo, jyrocnoeeuckafa pp-
aea eo ceoufe noefouu, a curypuo u eo fekof ua eojuafa, uerana uukakoe
ppyr upeufufef oceeu upeonoukuof. Rop nourof uapop jyrocnoeeuckufe kory-
uucfu ue noppasupane uukakea upeufufefcka saepuuua. Tpea caro pa ce
eupu yeopuuof fekcf ua aeuojckufe opnyku, foj fereneu pokyreuf ua efopafa
Jyrocnaeuja: Bps ocuoea ua npaeofo ua cekoj uapop ua caroonpepenyeane,
eknyyeajku ro u npaeofo ua ofuenyeane u oepuuyeane co ppyru uapopu u eo
cornacuocf co eucfuuckafa eonja ua cufe uapopu ua Jyrocnaeuja, oceepoeua
eo fekof ua fpuropuuuafa saepuuka uapopuoocnoopufenua opa, koja ro
ckoea uepaspenuofo pafcfeo ua uapopufe ua Jyrocnaeuja, Aufuqauucfukofo
copauue ua uapopufe ua Jyrocnaeuja ru pouecyea cnepuufe opnyku...
Op oeoj uufaf noeeke op eupnueo e peka nyrefo u uapopufe op nopaueu-
ua Jyrocnaeuja ue ce coepuuyeane nopapu uekakea efuuka nuckocf, opuocuo
fpapuuuja u nepcnekfuea ua jyrocnoeeucfeofo, fyky ucknyueo ua ferenof ua
saepuukafa opa npofue qauusrof. Taa opa, a ue uekakoe saepuuku unu
nusok efuuku upeufufef, e oua no ufo fue couuyeaaf epeu, jyrocnoeeucku
uapop. 3uau, efopafa, koryuucfuka Jyrocnaeuja e ucfo erauuunauucka a
ue upeufufefcka saepuuua, koja eo fekof ua ceoefo nocfoene ce oppyeaue
co nocfojaua opa npofue cufe ouue (ocoeuo faa uefpnenueocf ce ornepyea-
ue npofue cekoja uenpurepua/npefepaua apfukynauuja ua uauuouanuu yecf-
ea, uo rpeuaf fue unp: S Slaak, P.Matvejevic... ufo uaueuo (sic!) rucnaf peka
foj eup uefpnenueocf ce ferenena ua puckypcof ua rynfuefuuuufefof u
rynfukynfypuocfa, upejku foj fun puckypc uukorau eo nopaueuua Jyrocnaeuja
ue un poruuaufeu, uukorau ue ycnean pa npouseepe nepqoprafueuu eqekfu,
fyky foj fun jaeeu puckypc jyrocnoeeuckafa nonufuka enufa opepere-uaepere
ro kopucfeue cyrepupajku peka fokry foj fun jaeeu puckypc fpea pa upe ouoj
nocakyeau/onufonpuqafeu puckypc, koj fpea nocfojauo pa ce npakfukyea, u-
pejku co ueroeo npakfukyeane uajepuocfaeuo ke ce peuaeaaf nofeuuujanuufe
nonufuku u ppyru/efuuku kouqnukfu eo onufecfeofo) ufo faa saepuuua u
roene ua koj uno uauu pa ja sarposaf. A faa uenpukocuoeeua saepuuua u-
na nepcouuquuupaua uus koryuucfukafa napfuja u uus uejsuuuof uenpukocuo-
eeu/xapusrafueu eopa; nofouo, faa uenpukocuoeeua saepuuua coepueuo
ja cnepu Peqopfoeafa noruka ua upeufuqukauuja: uapopof co nponefapujafof,
nponefapujafof co napfujafa, napfujafa co pakoeopcfeofo, pakoeopcfeofo co
Erokpafof!
Ako ua epeu eakoe uauu ce oupere pa ja auanusupare reuesafa ua efo-
pafa Jyrocnaeuja, forau pouekape roe pa uu upe pasupnuea faa fpeckaeu-
ua nofpara ua uauufe akapercku saepuuuu no aefeufuuuof upeufufef, koja
ro oenea nepuopof no Tufoeafa crpf. Beke eo uekou uauu npefxopuu fekcfo-
eu
6
ykaaere ua ucknyufenuafa cnocouocf ua uauuouanusrof eo noepsyea-

6
Cn.Zlatko Kramaric, Hpeufufef. Tekcf. Hauuja. Hufepnpefauuja ua upuunafa ua rakepou-
ckafa ucfopuja, Ljevak, 3arpe 2009, noceuo ru ynafyear ua nornaejefo: Hauuja: fekcf unu
cou (ua npurep porauof op Kone -auyne Hckyueuuja), cfp.133-185. A kora eeke ro
auanusupare cnyajof Jyrocnaeuja, forau cre uaknouefu kou saknyokof peka Jyrocnaeuja
ue nponapuana nopapu uepocfur op jyrocnoeeucfeo! Ho, konky foa ua npe nornep u pa seyu
napapokcanuo, Jyrocnaeuja nponapuana nopapu uenopuocnueuof euuok ua jyrocnoeeucfeo!
Cfauyea sop sa kaferopuja ufo no crpffa ua Tufo, uo u npep ueroeafa crpf, ue osuayeana
96
-
nefo ua cerejcfeofo, nokanuafa saepuuua u nouupokofo uauuouanuo noppaje.
A eo cufe jyrocnoeeucku kuueeuocfu ofcekorau nocfoene fue ufo pao-
fene ua npouseopcfeofo ua uapafueu, kou ea knyuu nporofopu ua ouue ua-
uuouanucfuku cfpaferuu ufo uenocuo ja ucknyyeane cekoja upeja sa pyru-
of/nouuakeuof, ro uerupaa nonufukuof pujanor kako uauu ua peuaeane ua
cufe kouqnukfu eo onufecfeofo, ja npesupaa cekoja norucna peka fonepauuu-
jafa u roena pa upe modus vivendi eo epua rynfuefuuka u rynfukynfypua
saepuuua.
Kako ufo eeke cnoreuaere, cenekfueuuof npucfan kou ucfopujafa roe
pa ce npouajpe u kaj ouue aefopu ufo npefeupupaaf kou uenocua ojekfueuocf
u cepuosuocf eo ceoufe auanusu. Taka u epeu U. Ejrepu, eo uuaky opnuuafa
kuura: Op ouaa cfpaua ua euuafa u sapoeoncfeofo, co uenopuocnuea necuofu-
ja ru uanuuan cnepuufe peeuuuu: Roefopuo cnyuar rnacoeu ua npofueene
ufo eenaf peka Xufnep ue un raene, fyky ueufo uejacuo, fofanufapusar.
Cnyuar u kako ru ro poqpnyeaaf sopof koryuusar. Ra saper u jac caruof ue
pekoe peka eo Coeefckuof Cojys fpuecef u efupu ropuuu une raeuu nyre?
3aper u Apfyp Kocfnep (u ue caro foj, fyky u ruory ppyru aefopu, kako ua npu-
rep A. Xup, E. Fonprau, cnaeuuof arepukaucku uoeuuap U. Pup, kou co uaj-
popu uarepu ja nocefyeane npeafa serja ua couujanusrof, ycneane pa u opo-
neaf ua coeefckafa nponaraupa, ua uarecfeuofo yrunkyeane, u uufyufueuo ja
noyecfeyeane uenocuafa nara ufo ur ce uypena u ycneane pa ja yeupaf uena-
fa xunokpusuja op ppyrafa cfpaua ua (ue)eeufo npenapupauufe koryuucfuku
kynucu. A fokry opuocof kou epua fakea eeufo npenapupaua kynuca un
npepref ua rouue uenpujafuafa npenupka norery . Kuu u . Jeperuk. Bo
epeu op packasufe eo Fpouuua sa... . Kuu ja onuuyea usrarafa ufo coeef-
ckufe porakuuu eo Kuee ja npupepune eo upkeafa Ce. Coquja, oja cnya
eo peuja ua fajuafa cnya, sa ua ceojof rocfuu, qpauuyckuof eopa ua paof-
uuuufe E. Epuo, pa ry nokaaf peka eo coeefcka Pycuja nocfou cnoopa ua ee-
poucnoeepfa. . Jeperuk crefa peka . Kuu eo oeoj koukpefeu cnyaj srpeuun,
upejku ue caro ufo ue ru nosuaea poeonuo qakforpaqckuof rafepujan/poky-
reufufe sa kou nuuyea, fyky noepuuo u norpeuuo ru uufepnpefupa, a ua uekou
recfa, op coruufenuu nufepapuo-nonufuku noypu, ua ueposeonue uauu ro
qancuqukyea pokyreufupauuof rafepujan ua koj ce peqepupa eo foj packas.

anconyfuo uuufo! Ce paofeno sa npasuo recfo, koe ce uypeno ua cufe u cekory sa
uekako pa ce nononuu. H uukako ue fpea pa ce oeuuyeaaf caro uauuouanucfufe, kou caro
ja uckopucfune nouypeuafa uauca enacfa ua kpajof ua ocyrpeceffufe ce fpkanana no
ynuuufe u npeu ru nouypune ceoufe peueuuja sa usnes op ponrofpajuafa nonufuka u
ekouorcka kpusa! A npufoa rouue popo suaene peka ue e noenuo eo uoeafa ppaea pa
ce npakfukyeaaf rynfuefuuuufefof u rynfukynfypanuocfa npeuof e onaceu sa oncfauokof
ua ppaeafa, a efopafa ue e roua! Paka ua cpue, uekou ppyru aefopu (unp. Dejan Jovic, cn.
Jyrocnaeuja, ppaea koja je opyrpna, Rporefej, 3arpe 2003) ue ro penaf uauefo rucnene
peka Jyrocnaeuja nponapuana nopapu uenopuocnueuof/cfepunuuof euuok ua jyrocnoeeu-
cfeo, koj eo epeu ucfopucku roreuf op paseojof ua nopaueuuafa saepuuua ropa pa upe
cyncfufyupau co uekoj ruory noueofeu uauuouanusar, koj un nofucuyeau op jaeuafa cqe-
pa. Oeoj aefop eo uauuouanusrof rnepa npep c pokfpuua ua epua useoupepua cocfoja, eo
koja nonufukuof npocfop e orpauueu unu cycneupupau. Hauuouanusrof ce nojaeyea uarec-
fo pepoeuafa nonufuka, kako anfepuafuea ua eoouaeuafa nopena ua nonufukuof cnek-
fap, upejku e cnocoeu pa ru eknyu, pa ru noepse u pa ru uacou nuepanuufe, couujanu-
cfukufe, kousepeafueuu u ppyru epepuocfu, a cefo foa ro npaeu sa pa ja cospape u/unu
sayea uauuouanuafa ppaea.
97
. .
Ho, sapapu ucfopuckafa eucfuua, fpea pa ce kae peka faa noprofeeua usra-
ra ue ycneana, porakuuufe cenak ue ycneane pa ru usraraf rocfufe u pa ru
yeepaf peka eo coeefcka Pycuja e poseoneua cnoopa ua eepoucnoeepfa u peka
rparauufe cnoopuo ja apfukynupaaf ceojafa eepa! A peka foa uaeucfuua e faka
uu nofeppyea u caruof E. Epuo, koj eo ceoufe kuuru un noeeke op kpufueu
kou rparauufe u kou uueuufe npaea eo coeefcka Pycuja: Epuucfeeuo nponefa-
pujafof, aper npueupuo, yuea cnoopa ua rucnenefo u cnoopa ua coupa-
nefo. Tue npuuuunu ocfpo uaepepyeaaf epeu yeuuk ua 4pauuyckafa peeony-
uuja, sacuoeaua ua cocera nouuakeu nouru u, ocoeuo, ua npaeafa ua noepuu-
uufe. Fnacanefo, ecyuuocf, ue e cnoopuo. 3akouof ucesuan, cypckafa enacf
ropa pa u ce nokopyea ua nonufukafa enacf. He, jac ua oeoj peur uera pa ry
ru pfeyear ceoufe perokpafcku yeepyeana; jac uera pa ce ofkaar op cno-
opafa ua rucnenefo pypu uu ako eo 4pauuuja ce eocnocfaeu cnuua fupauuja
co ppyru cpepcfea sa. 3.K.)
7
Ce pasupa, pa. Cefo foa jac ruory popo ro
suar. Ho oepe uukako ue ke roere pa eneryeare eo noeoeuofo rucfuquuupa-
ne ua eopaufe u ppaeufe, naropapeuue ua kou koryuusrof u uauuouanco-
uujanusrof ce pequuupauu kako pee ue fonky pasnuuu nojaeuu qopru ua
epua ucfa paofa. Kako Fefe u Lunep, Knoncfok u Benaup, faka u Xufnep u
Cfanuu, Ayueuu u Cuup, orpapafa ua eapuaeckofo refo u Ynpuxfoeuof Eep-
nuucku sup po ecosuauue uu ru poeepyeaa eo ucf koufekcf. Op ceoe nuuo
ure u usnoyeajku ce ua onacuocf op peuyuuujauuja, aper ke ro uanoreuar
oua ufo Torac Mau ro kaan eo epuo kpufukyeauo uufepejy, a foa e peka kor-
yuusrof, konky u pa un ua roreufu cfpaueu, cenak curonusupa epua upeja
ua oeekof, popeka xufnepoeckuof qauusar ue un uukakea upeja, fyky ucfo
sno. Ha kpajof ua kpauufafa, ue roere pa nopekuere peka foj koryuusar ce-
nak ycnea pa ce pecfanuuusupa
8
u peka ua npocfopof ufo peuec e nop enujauue

7
Bo pacnpaeufe ufo ce eopene sa noeopof ua kuurafa ua .Kuu Fpouuua sa Eopuc
aeupoeu, rery ppyrofo, ce ofeopune u uekou ruory uufepecuu feopucku npauana. Epuo
op uajuufpuraufuufe npauana cekako uno npauanefo panu e kuueeuo nerufureu uauuof
ua koj .Kuu ru npesera fyrufe fekcfoeu eo oeaa kuura? Ho, uackopo fue feopucku apryreufa-
uuu une cyncfufyupauu op nonufukufe puckeanuqukauuu, co kou ounuo ce ecfene
yecuuuufe eo oeaa noneruka. Hera corueeane peka ofeopanefo/pefayusupanefo ua
uekou feru (cfanuuucfukafa npakfuka, koryuucfukafa napfuja, napanenuafa ersucfeuuuja
ua nocakyeauafa jyroupeonoruja u auanuuof uauuouanusar ua penynukufe napfuu,
kynfypuu u akapercku enufu) ue roeno pa noruue es epeea u ec. Ho u oeaa noneruka
caro yufe epuau ueocnopuo peroucfpupana peka ucfopujafa ue e uuufo ppyro, fyky noran-
ky unu noeeke, eeufo koucfpyupau packas. H ako e foa faka, ucfopuckafa eucfuua ue e
coppaua eo nopafouufe sa cnyyeanafa. Hcfopuckuof puckypc, npep c, e packayeaka
qopra u kako fakea faa e ofeopeua sa npouecof ua qukuuouanusauuja. Hacfauof (unu
nonpeuusuo, onuc ua cnyyeana) ue e cypoe rafepujan eps ocuoea ua koj uacfauyeaaf
ucfopuckufe fekcfoeu; opafuo, uacfauof ce useepyea eps ocuoea ua fekcfof. Hacfauof roe
pa fpae nef cekyupu unu nef receuu, uo corueof okony foa panu ce paofu sa epeu uacfau
unu sa noeeke ue saeucu op pequuuuujafa ua carofo cnyyeane, fyky op packayeakafa
koucfpykuuja ufo ro npouseepyea uueuuof coopeefeu onuc (L. Mink, 1987, 201)
8
Mopa pa npusuaar peka cyr usueuapeu op uaueuocfa ua oeoj aefop, upejku eo eperefo
kora ja nuuyean oeaa kuura, ropano nokpaj ppyrufe fekcfoeu, pa ry upe nosuaf u fajuuof
roeop ua Xpyuoe. A fokry foj faeu roeop uecorueuo nokayea noeeke op ckporuu (u npep
c koufponupauu: fpea pa suaefe peka H. Xpyuoe pouecon opnyka pa ce neafu kuurafa ua
A. Conenuuuu Epeu peu co Heau euucoeu, u foa uno nosppaeeuo kako suaajuo
uupene ua rpauuuafa ua cnoopafa eo forauuuof CCCP, kako yufe epeu ekop eo peua-
eanefo ua cfanuuucfukofo uacnepcfeo) pocfpenu ua pecfanuuusauujafa eucfuua e peka
napfujafa eps cee ja npesena oproeopuocfa sa penpecuja, a euuafa ry ja npunuuana ua
98
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ua Coeefckuof Cojys uera raene (oeoj fekcf e nuuyeau 1977 ropuua u peucu
seyu ueeepojafuo peka oeoj uuaky opnuuo uuqoprupau aefop uuufo ue sua-
en sa uoeufe, nocynfunuu/nocoqucfuuupauu,
9
uo epuakeo cypoeu onuuu ua
raene ua fue ocnoopeuu npocfopu, kape ufo eo opuoc ua ocypeuuuufe no
pecfanuuusauujafa uuufo ppacfuuo ue ce nporeuu, fue u nouafary uraaf
cfafyc ua pfea ua koja fpajuo u e kouquckyeau roeopof u opsereua cyufu-
uafa - sa. 3. K.), ako roere pa ur eepyeare ua useeufaufe (ropa pa npus-
uaar peka ruory re uufepecupa kako aefopof ru poueyean fekcfoeufe a ce
paofu sa fekcfoeu ufo cenak u fpeano pa upaf nopeneeaufuu u noeepo-
pocfojuu op fary uekoj upokpafcku useeufaj epeu Coneuuuuu, Lanaroe,
Cunaecku, Caxapoe, Mepeepee, panu ufanefo ua kafanorof sa snofo Upua
kuura ua koryuusrof ua koj uno uauu ro uafepana pa ru kopurupa ceoufe no-
rupyeaku cfaeoeu sa cfanuuusrof, upeeuuof fepop, koj, kako ufo forau
eeke uno popo nosuafo, peucu co epuakoe uufeusufef npoponun u no Cfa-
nuuoeafa crpf,...- sa. 3.K.) op pasnuuu cfpauu. Yurapuja ura npefcepafen ua
enapafa ufo uekorau u caruof un pfea ua cfanuuucfukofo raene. Ho koj
roe pa sarucnu pexufnepusupau uauusar (2009, 63-64). Bucfuuafa e peka ue

Cfanuu. Uenafa ryppocf u xpapocf ua forauuufe enuuuu ua napfujafa ce cocfoena eo
foa uenafa euua pa ry ce npunuue ua rpfeuof Cfanuu, u eo foj nosuaf peqepaf Xpyuoe ce
qokycupan ua kynfof kou nuuocfa, uenofo euurauue ro uacoun kou snocfopcfeafa ua
caruof Cfanuu, u snocfopcfeafa sa epere ua ueroeofo enapeene uanpaeeuu npofue kory-
uucfufe. Rara eo ou peka ue ce cnoruyeaaf snocfopcfeafa npofue nonufukufe npofueuuuu,
u ufo e yufe noeauo, npofue ouuufe rparauu, kou cfpapane kako pfeu ua Cfanuuoeafa
kasueua nonufuka. Kpufukyeajku ro kynfof kou nuuocfa, Xpyuoe uanapof ro orpauuun ua
nuuocfa, a neepuo nperuuan npeky snocfopcfeofo ua coyecuuuufe ufo ro cospane
kynfof, f.e. neuoeufe ua napfujafa ufo ja nopppyeane penpecujafa. Eupejku roeopof un
uacoeu kou Cfanuu, a ue npofue cfanuuusrof, caruof cucfer un saufufeu op kpufuku.
Xpyuoe oekyean nofeuuujanuafa ufefa op ceepoenafa ua noepafuuuufe op noropufe pa
upe ueyfpanusupaua co caruof qakf peka Rapfujafa ru ocnoopuna (N. Adler, 2004, 259-
260), a ua uekou, kako ufo eupoere, u ur oeosrouna pa ru nynukyeaaf ceoufe ceepoena.
Cekako u fpeano pa ce koucynfupa u opnuuafa kuura ua M. Puknuu, Koryuusrof kako
penuruja, Hufenekfyanuu u Okforepuckafa peeonyuuja, 4pakfypa, 3arpe 2010, noceuo
nornaejefo Jacques Derrida, Bpakane op Mockea, cfp. 68-74, eo koe ce pekoucfpyupa-
af/onuuyeaaf uckycfeafa op uekou ufo eo fekof ua peaeceffufe u fpueceffufe ropuuu ua
ruuafuof eek ja nocefyeane Mockea. Ha nofpeafa pa ce nocefu uoeuof Epycanur ue u
oponean uufu xpeafckuof nucafen M. Kpnea, eupu ro ueroeuof Hsnef eo Pycuja(1925)!
9
Ynafyear ua ocuoeafa ua cfypujafa ua M. Foucault, Hapsop u kasua (1994), eo koja aefopof
nokaan peka ua kpajof ua 18 u noefokof ua 19 cf.sanapuoeeponckufe sakouopaecfea nop
enujauue ua npoceefufencfeofo/ropepuusauujafa ru uanyufaaf fenecuufe kasuu, pufyanuufe
kasuyeana eo jaeuocf u fopfypafa, u ru sareuyeaaf co upejafa sa xyrauo kasuyeane co npe-
eocnufyeane u pucuunnuuupane. H ua npe nornep ce uuu peka noppajefo ua pejcfeyeane
ua fakeufe npoceefufencku/ropepuu repku e uacoeuo kou pyxof, a ue kou fenofo ua
noepuueuof. Ho, fokry uucfufyuuouanusauujafa ua uoeufe uayuu pucuunnuuu (ncuxonoruja
fpea caro pa ce npucefure ua (sno)ynofpeafa ua ncuxujafpujafa eo Coeefckuof Cojys,
koja eckanupa no Cfanuuoeafa crpf, couuonoruja...) u uueuofo eoenekyeane eo npaeo-
cypcfeofo kape ufo pejcfeyea eo apfukynauujafa ua kpueuuufe oeuuyeana, suaeno
equkacuo onpeprefyeane u noppepyeane ua oeekof eo noequkacua pucnepsuja ua rokfa u
ppyufeofo. H kora M. Foucault uu sopyea sa ucfopujafa ua knuuukafa, safeopof, onufafa
rparafuka, uupkynauujafa ua orafcfeofo, npupopeu sauec, asun, onuuua, forau foj, ureuo,
uus faa ucfopuja sopyea sa uac, u pasofkpuea uac, u oeuuyea uac. Op napuafa nyuupuocf
ua ucfopuapof roe pa ce uacnyuue nonufukuof onuc ua uauuof ceef (Ph. Venault) A sa
uekou acnekfu op fonkyeanafa ua M. Foucault eupefe ja Tpefafa nporpara ua Papuo
Eenrpap, p.70/1986, cfp. 291-391.
99
. .
roe pa ce sarucnu pexufnepusupau uauusar, uo rucnar peka uufy epua pe-
fpouusauuja/pekoucfpykuuja eo koj uno fofaneu peur ue e uckpeua u peka
pocfpenufe ua fakeufe peqopru ce noeeke op ckporuu, opuocuo fue uraaf
rnaeuo kosrefuku kapakfep, kou ecyuuocf ueraaf uarepa pa ro ponpaf ca-
ruof kopeu ua paofafa: pa ce yuuufu u pa ce enuruuupa 3nofo.
Hrajku ro ua yr fparuuofo uckycfeo ua oeoj aefop, roe pa ru upaf
npuqafnueu u pasupnueu ueroeufe sanypu eo opuoc ua keaufufefof u keanu-
fefof ua snofo eo oppenuu fofanufapusru, uo foa cenak ue suau peka cufe
ueroeu cfaeoeu eo epcka co faa fpayrafuua fera ce ueocnopuu. Eupejku fokry
op faa cenekfueua noruka ce pakoeopene uauufe uufenekfyanuu anpuopu ro
ocypyeane fyrofo sno/uauucfukufe noropu u uukoj op uue ue uu norucnyean
ua koj uno uauu pa ro poeepe eo npauane uueuofo nocfoene, uo safoa sa ua-
uefo sno/uauufe noropu nokaaa ucknyufenua uesauufepecupauocf, uae-
pepnuea paruopyuuocf, koja ua kpajof saepuuna eo onufo ronene/cfpae op
sopyeane. Bo ueofof eo koryuusrof/narufe fpea pa ce apaaf npuuuufe
sa epua fakea kykaeuka npakfuka, saufo nop koryuusrof u pasuufe ankaucku
pukfafypu uuof ua oppaeane sa'praua cnuka ua serjafa (...) ecfo un cre-
fau sa snocfopcfeo u roeno pa upe kasuef co safeop unu co norop sa npe-
eocnufyeane. Ro nporeuufe eo 1980-fufe, npufucokof eps uupueupyafa un
eo ronera repa uaraneu, uo ue ucesuan cocera. Toa uajpopo roe pa ce
eupu eo cnyaufe ua ceefufe faya ufo cekoja ankaucka serja cu ru uarefua
cara ua cee u kou npouseepyeaaf nuureucfuku pufyanu ua npunarane unu
uenpunarane. Hrefo Penynuka Makepouuja ue roe pa upe usroeopeuo op
cfpaua ua eucfuucku Fpk/Fpkuuka, Eyrapuuof/Eyrapkafa fpea pa ro ocnopyea
nocfoenefo ua rakepouckuof jasuk, Typuuof/Typuukafa uukorau ue u cre-
en/creena pa ja npusuae cfeapuocfa ua Epreuckuof reuouup ufu. (H. uee,
2003, 277).
10


10
Ha oeue uauu npocfopu cekoj upeufufef uucucfupa ua concfeeuafa cfapocf, koja ue e
uuufo ppyro oceeu cyncfufyuuja sa uenocfojuuof ucfopucku koufuuyufef, u no c e pasupnu-
eo peka faa crefa peka e uajeaua opnuka ua sarucneuafa saepuuua. (B. Anderson). Hcfo
faka, no c e pasupnueo peka eeuocfa ce nepuunupana kako fereneu afpuyf ua uauuouan-
uuof ruf, upejku fpkafa kou paruuuafa (...) ua Eankauof, una cekako nofukuafa op cfpaua
ua rpkofo uauuouanuo peuene, sa eo upuuua pa ja oceou enafa sa poraufuua Eepona u
pa ja npueafusupa knacuuafa rpapuua ua Aufukuof ceef. Huepua ankaucka serja uera pa
usera op uckyueuuefo sa ofkonyeane ua uekakeu epuu npepuu ufo u une cfapu aper
konky ufo ce cfapu Fpuufe Hnupufe, Tpakujuufe, aauufe u pp. Epeu op napapokcufe ua
yecfeafa ua saepuuuafa e eo foa peka ucfopuckafa eucfuua e op cekyupapuo suaene: eo
carafa curonuua eojua okony npepuufe ce uuu peka ppaejauufe ce ppaf saepuo, peka
ru uckyyeaaf npepaeuuuufe, peka npenosuaeaaf kou cre uue, a kou ce ppyrufe (I. Dicev,
2003, 271); u forau no c roe pa uu upe pasupnueo peka eo oeoj koufekcf eoonufo ue e
peneeaufuo panu cfapa Makepouuja ura ueufo saepuuko co ropepuufe Fpuu u Makepouuu.
Kape-kape e noepuocfaeuo npeprefof ua cnopof pa ce fpaucqepupa ua erouuouanua/upa-
uuouanua nuuuja, koja nak pononuufenuo ru nofeuuupa saponufenuufe nuureucfuku opepu
(faya, uupuruauuu, srposyeana...) u kou kako fakeu ce eceuuujanuu cocfojku u ua rpkuof u
ua rakepouckuof uauuouaneu upeufufef. H oeoj cnyaj yufe epuau uu nofeppyea peka ueko-
rauuufe cypupu ua uauujafa peuec ce apfukynupaaf, npep c, kako cypup ua kynfypafa u
upeufufefof. Hera corueeane peka uauuufe uraaf ceoja ucfopuja, ceoe konekfueuo norue-
ne, uo ropa pa uu upe jacuo peka foa noruene e epuakeo u ua konekfueuo saopaeane:
uauujafa ufo ja npocnaeyea ceojafa cfapocf uyuo ja saopaea ceojafa ueoparueuua
ucfopuja. A foa u ue e au uekoj eefyeaku npoekf! Eu uno popo akfepufe ua oeue cypupu,
100
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Ho sa reue cekoe nponyufane pa ce kae ueufo sa uerafueuafa npakfu-
ka eo uauefo ruuafo npefcfaeyea uenpocfnue rpee. H kako ufo U. Erepu e sa-
rpueu nopapu qakfof peka rnapufe nyre neepuo sopyeaaf sa qauusrof,
ucfo faka uufy uue ue roere pa npuqafure acurefpueu npucfan kou snoc-
fopcfeafa ufo ce usepueuu ua oeue npocfopu, ue roere pa npuqafure peka
epuu pfeu noeeke onaf u noeeke epepaf op ppyru.
11
Koueuo, soufo neep-
uofo sopyeane sa cfanuuusrof (fpea pa ce ura npepeup peka Fynar roe
pa ce cnyyea u no epua ucfopuja, u no Cfanuu, u uapeop op rpauuuufe ua epua
ppaea foj e kako rexauusar unu kako cneuuquua couujanua fexuonoruja
uuxunucfuku, fpaucucfopucku, uafnepcouaneu u nnauefapeu: fexuonoruja ua
uuufenefo, ua yuuufyeanefo) u uno noran rpee u norana onacuocf sa nu-
epanuafa perokpafuja
12
op epuakeo neepuofo sopyeane sa qauusrof?
Hukoj ue ce corueea peka norery fue pee upeonoruu ue e rouo pa ce cfaeu
suak ua epuakeocf, uo ucfo faka, ako cakare pa upere uckpeuu u onuo po-
cnepuu, ropa pa kaere peka norery koueuufe pesynfafu op uueuufe snoc-
fopcfea ue nocfou uukakea, uufy keaufufafueua uufy keanufafueua pasnuka. H
fokry eo qakfof peka sa ruory feru ue creeno pa ce sopyea fpea pa ce a-
paaf npuuuufe soufo ua npocfopufe ua nopaueuua Jyrocnaeuja eo peeepecef-
fufe ropuuu ua ruuafuof eek noefopuo yecfeyeaere eo eeke eupeuofo pe-
npusa ua snofo uanpaeeuo eo fekof ua Bfopafa ceefcka eojua. 3a pa upaf pa-
ofufe yufe nofauu, penpusafa eo ruory pefanu ycnea pa ro uapruue opuru-
uanof. Harecfo akfueuo pa yecfeyeaaf eo cucferafckofo yuuufyeane ua sno-
fo ua oeue npocfopu, uauufe uufenekfyanuu/nucafenu (u nonufuapu, ce pas-
upa) op nefuu unu ce fpypea snofo pa cfaue nocakyeauo recfo ua (uoeuof)
jaeeu puckypc. Bo ceoufe fekcfoeu/reropaupyru urpaa ua kapfafa ua erouuu-
fe u ua konekfueuafa upeufuqukauuja, rauunynupajku co kpajuo epuocfaeuafa

kou sa uujauca ce nperuory sarnepauu eo paneuofo ruuafo, opepere-uaepere pa ce cefaf
ua oeaa ropnuea, uo npepynpepyeaka eucfuua.
11
Heeepojafuo e foa ufo fokry poruuaufuafa xpeafcka nonufuka eo noefokof ua peeepe-
ceffufe ropuuu ua ruuafuof eek ro nocfaeuna npauanefo roe nu uuqoprupoeuufe pa
upaf ucfu pfeu ua nonufukuof cucfer ufo carufe ro rpapene u eo uu ferenuu
nperucu ue ce corueeane. Ho, uu ouaa efopa cfpaua ua xpeafckafa nonufuka ue ocfauana
ponua u eosepafuna ua epuakoe, ucknyyeaku uauu, na faka euafpe eo uejsuuuof
ceefornep rery pfeufe ua Jaceuoeau u pfeufe ua Eneuypr ue e rouo pa ce cfaeu suak
ua epuakeocf, upejku rery pfeufe op Eneuypr ura u ouakeu ufo sacnyune pa upaf
yueuu es uukakea cypcka npecypa. Paka ua cpue, fue npaeepuuuu uuufo ue uu kayeaaf
sa ouaa ronera eenuuua, ua uueunufe, euufe, peuafa, kou eepojafuo ue sacnyune faka
epuocfaeua kasua! Ho, cnukafa ua uenpujafenof (u cefo oua ufo opu uus faa napapurra-
fuua cnuka ua uauafa nonufuka) e saepuuka u sa epuuof u sa ppyruof upeonouku ceefo-
rnep, uja epuucfeeua crucna ua qyukuuouupane ce ceepyea caro ua enuruuupane ua
cekoja upeja ua ppyruof, pasnueu, pa ru uanuka eo epuo, no rouocf, usonupauo recfo...
Bo upejafa uenpujafen e coppau pecfunupau nour ua nonufuka: sa pasnukyeane ua npuja-
fenu u uenpujafenu. A fokry faa popa pucfuukuuja e ceojcfeeua sa cufe fofanufapusupa-
ku peuru u sa cfanuuucfukuof u sa uauucfukuof!
12
H ue fpea pa ce naar peka nuepanuafa perokpafuja fpuyrqupana no napof ua
koryuusrof/Eepnuuckuof sup (A.Badeou). Ce paofeno sa nonufukafa peeonyuuja ua sapou-
uefafa ropepua eo uejsuuufe rpauuuu noppaja. A eo fue rpauuuu/nepuqepuu noppaja nu-
epanuafa pefopuka, aper eo npeufe ropuuu, epuocfaeuo ue noruuyeana, upejku eo fue
noefouu akfepufe ua nporeuu uukako ue roene pa ja cqafaf pasnukafa norery ocnoopy-
eanefo u cnoopafa, opuocuo ue cqakane peka cefo foa ufo ro npaeaf uera nperonera cru-
cna ako eo foj yuf/ena sa nporeuu u ocnoopyeane fue ue ce cnepeuu co ycfaeof ua
uoeooceoeuafa cnoopa... (H.Arendt, 1987, 142)
101
. .
fesa peka fokry uueuafa uauuja e uajronerafa pfea ua jyrocnoeeuckafa upeja,
a fue ppyrufe unu ce ecfujanuu (Anauuufe) unu ru peroucfpupaaf cufe
enereufu ua uenopuocnueafa uueunusupaua nopronuocf (Cnoeeuuufe, Xpea-
fufe)!
A fakeo ueufo uyuo ropaue pa ce cnyu, upejku fue ropuuu, onueuu
op yecfeafa op nuckafa nponacf ua epeu fofanufapeu cucfer u esycnoeua-
fa eepa eo perokpafujafa u uejsuuufe pepueafu, ja nyufaere cfpenafa ufo
uenu eo ruuafofo, uo noropyea eo ueufapof ua cerauuocfa (B. Schwartz). Ce
nokaa peka unysujafa ua perokpafckuof arueuf ue e uukakea rapauuuja peka
racoeuufe uacnepeuu fpayru ua ruuafofo, op kou ruory ce onfoeapeuu op
kynfypuufe cfpaferuu ua rackynuuusauuja u qeruuusauuja, op ecuofo u ue-
ecuofo cfpapane, ke npopaofaf ua eucfuuckuof uauu. Cnopep foa, eo npaeo
e Peuafa Jarpeuuk-Kupuu kora eenu peka fekof ua ucfpayeanefo u pasu-
panefo ua (fyru) onuu cnoreuu u cnyyeana, a ue caro ceepoenefo sa uue
(La Capra, 1997, 80-112), oeosroyea ernafucko u efuko ceepoene sa puc-
kypcof ua ceepokof (2008, 41).
H ako faka ru uufepnpefupare cnoreuufe sa ouue ufo une ua Fonu
Ofok, forau nocfoenefo (u refopu ua kasuyeane, uocene karena op epuafa
cfpaua ua ocfpoeof po ppyra cfpaua, kou fary ceecuo ce kopucfeuu sapapu ua-
eopuo npeeocnufyeane ua uapopuufe npepaeuuuu) ua foa recfo uukorau ue
u ro onpaepane co peeuuuafa pa ue eue foj ocfpoe, forau uena Jyrocna-
euja ke eue Fonu Ofok!
Aefopof/ufe ue noyecfeyea/a nofpea ua koj uno uauu pa ja apryreu-
fupa/af oeaa ropuuaea koucfafauuja, oceeu ufo ja nofeppyeaaf ueeepojafua-
fa noepsauocf rery jyrocnoeeuckofo rouapxucfuko u onueeuko sakouopae-
cfeo, koja ocoeuo ce saeneyea eo pequuuuujafa sa nonufukofo snocfop-
cfeo kako uarepa sa coopyeane ua nocfojuuof peur u kako snocfopcfeo ua
cenapafusrof - snocfopcfeo npofue uauujafa u ppaeafa, npofue uejsuuafa
uapeopeuua u euafpeuua curypuocf (P. Voglis, 2002, 530-532). A fokry fue
puckeanuqukauuu nocfojauo ru noefopyea uenonpaenueuof eepuuk ua fufo-
eusrof Joeo Kanuuk, eucok cojyseu qyukuuouep ua YEA, koj eo ceoufe ceka-
eana, ruorypojuufe uufepejya, ue ce corueea eo ucnpaeuocfa ua nocfankafa
ua npeeocnufyeane u eo uuepeu roreuf ue caka pa nokae enereufapuo/o-
eeko coyecfeo sa pfeufe, uako foj ruory popo suaen peka eo fue noropu
urano u cocera ueeuu ceef (faka epeu ppyr nucafen, . Kocuk, kora ja onuuyea
ceojafa nocefa ua foj ocfpoe, upejku ja uran ecfa pa ro cnepu A. Paukoeuk,
qyukuuouep ufo eo forauuafa napfucka cfpykfypa un saponeu sa uapsop
uap penpecueuufe uucfufyuuu, ue fpenuyeajku nuuyea peka saenean peka
kaj ppyrapof A.P. ce nojaeun upe ua corueeane, ua ceoefo nuuyeane eepojaf-
uo ueuarepuo ry paea eqekf ua rpofecka. Ho peuec foj onuc eo oppepeuu no-
nufuku u kynfypuu kpyroeu ce sera kako pokas sa ucknyufenua xyrauocf u ue-
euuocf ua A.P.), uo u oeoj ueoueu nuk, pocnepuo ua ceoufe rnapeuku yeepy-
eana, u eo cfapocfa nanarancku ja noefopyea eeke eupeuafa
13
npakfuka ua ec-

13
Tpea pa ce nofcefure ua cnaeuafa ynora ua cfofuuafa coeefcku nucafenu, ua eno co
Makcur Fopku, ufo eo aerycf 1933 ropuua ce kpeuane ua neepuo kpcfocyeane ua fykyufo
saepueuuof Eenoropcku kauan co sapaa eo ceoufe kuueeuu fekcfoeu pa ro saene-
af/onuuaf foj eenuecfeeu saqaf cnojyeane ua Eeno Mope u Eanfukof. Hsrpapafa ua
foj kauan npefcfaeyeana npe suaaeu ekop eo peanusauujafa ua nporparafa sa kopucfene
ua npuuypeu nonpaeeu fpyp sa roneru ppaeu npoekfu. H fpea pa ce sanpauare panu ura
102
-
paruo nopekuyeane/nperonyeane ua oeekufe fparepuu: uera cnoopa sa
uenpujafenufe ua cnoopafa! Ho uukako ue fpea pa ce psa co ocypafa ua
epeu fakoe ecpareu cfae! Hreuo, ako uenafa oeaa upouuja/uuuusar ua ucfo-
pujafa ce ceepe ucknyueo ua npaeuuof acnekf, forau uyuo ke ce cooure co
napapokcof: Joeo Kanuuk e eo npaeo! Eupejku ouue noepuuuu ufo no uekoja
cnyajuocf, no kanpuuof ua ucfopujafa, ce uaune ua Fonu Ofok ue roe npaeuo
pa ce ureuyeaaf, uufy e rouo uueuo epojyeane eo rpynu, na uueuafa faua
cypuua ce ceepyea ua napapokcof peka fue uecpekuu nyre ue ce uu sapoeuu
uu oeuuefu, fyky caro detainees, fue ce ojekf ua ucfo nokopyeane, sapoe-
uuufeo uepequuupauo ue caro eo epereucka crucna, fyky u eo nornep ua ca-
rafa uueua npupopa, saufo uenocuo e uapeop op sakouof u op cypckafa kou-
fpona. Epuucfeeuo e roua cnopepafa co npaeuafa nonoa ua Eepeufe eo
uauucfukufe noropu, kou co ryenefo ua rparauckofo npaeo ro ryene u ceojof
npaeeu upeufufef, uo ro sappane aper ouoj eepejckuof oeue uauuee ue
ycneane pa sappaf uukakoe upeufufef! Kako ufo yeepnueo nokaa Uypuf Eaf-
nep, kaj detainees eo safeopof eo Feaufauaro ronuof ueof e ua epeof ua con-
cfeeuafa ueuseecuocf.
14


kakeu uno ppacfuuu pasnuku rery faa npakfuka u nopouua noropckafa npakfuka eo Ayueuu,
kape ufo noropauufe co paofa une ocnoopyeauu. Kynfof kou paofafa u kynfof kou po-
yeanefo ce fecuo noepsauu, a kpajuafa nocnepuua ua faa noepsauocf e uuuuuafa koucfa-
fauuja: uupycfpujafa ua crpffa u ropepuafa uupycfpuja ce cfoneuu eo ceojof upauuouaneu u
ueoeeku eufen (Lj. Tadic, 1988, 61). Ha npekonyeanefo ua kauanof, eo uajfeuku knurafcku
u paofuu ycnoeu, pejcfeyeane cfo unjapu nofxpauefu noropauu. Muoryruua eo foj cnopeu
nofqaf saepuune kako qapca, upejku ruory pso ce nokaano peka pnaouuafa e
uepoeonua, fue cfpapane op cfyp, usrnapuafocf, roneru qusuku uanopu, unu epuocfaeuo
une yueuu. Ho, sa cefo foa, puapu ua oeekafa pyua/nucafenufe (M. Gorki, Averbah, M.
Zocenko, V. klovski, V. Katejev, V. Ivanov, A. Tolstoj) eo ceoufe fekcfoeu ue uanuuane
uufy epeu epuucfeeu sop sa fue uenpujafuu qakfu. Cekako, eo faa kuura, uanuuaua sa eo
upuuua u sa upuufe reuepauuu, fue ucknyufenuu xyrauucfu no c cepuosuo nuuyeaaf sa
ucknyufenuufe sanoyeana ua napfuckufe eopau kako sa uapopuu popofeopu u
pakoeopufenu ua uapopof, kou eoepuo une u uajpopu npujafenu ua noropauufe. A peka ua
uueuuof uuuusar ry uera kpaj uu ceepoaf u cufe ouue ajkoeufu onucu sa ynofpeafa ua
uanpepua fexuonoruja npu rpapenefo ua Eenoropckuof kauan, uako fexuonorujafa eo foj
cnyaj ce cocfoena epuucfeeuo op ouuu nonafu u ppeeuu konuku. 3a an, eo fue fekcfoeu
ue roe pa ce npouajpe uufy epeu epuucfeeu sop sa fparepujafa ua epuuuufe ufo ro
rpapene foj ecrucneu kauan kopucfejku ja faa uanpepua fexuonoruja
14
3a foa noeeke kaj G. Agamben, Hseoupepua cocfoja, enfakouf, 3arpe 2008. Cfauyea
sop sa kuura (npoponeuue ua kynfuafa kuura op ucfuof aefop Homo sacer) eo koja aefopof
ruory yeepnueo uu nokayea kako kocrukofo cospaeane ua uekoja useoupepua cocfoja, a
eperefo e no Pesonyuujafa ua Huqoprupofo eo nopaueuuafa ppaea, ueocnopuo ynafyea
peka ce paofu sa epua fakea uckpueeua cocfoja, koja cfauana epua op rnaeuufe npakfuku
ua coepereuufe ppaeu, na u kaj ouue ufo cakane pa upaf perokpafcku. A eo carafa
npeopasa ua epua npuepereua u useoupepua repa eo fexuukafa ua enapeene, ru
nofukuano aefopufe pa rnepaaf ua useoupepuafa cocfoja kako ua npar ua ueopnyuocf rery
perokpafujafa u aconyfusrof. Mucnar peka uera nofpea op nperuory unekynupane ua koja
cfpaua ouuo ce uaferuyea oeaa, npueupua ueopnyuocf. Hreuo, ucfopuckofo uckycfeo u
yu peka npuepereuofo ykuuyeane ua pasnukufe rery sakouopaeuafa, usepuuafa u cypckafa
enacf ce npefeopu eo fpajua npakfuka ua enapeene. Koueuo, saper u Rossiter, yeayeajku ja
nosuafafa fesa ua W. Benjamin sa nourof ua ucfopujafa, eo ceojafa kuura ue saknyyea ua
kpajuo rpofeckeu uauu, co sopoeufe: Huepua pfea ue e nperonera sa uauafa perokpa-
fuja, uajranky op c npuepereuo pfeyeane ua carafa perokpafuja (uufupauo cnopep G.
Agamben, 2008, 20). Kora u une uuuuuu, forau roeu u ce nocorueeane peka Rossiter
eo uekou ypuu cnyau ru ufan fekcfoeufe ua . Kocuk!
103
. .
vs

H co cekaeanafa u co saopaeof fpea pa ce upe epuakeo euurafeneu!
Hreuo, u epuofo u ppyrofo nopneaf ua snoynofpea - eo uekou ucfopucku cu-
fyauuu cooeuu cre co noeeke cekaeana, a eo uekou ppyru, nak, npeoenapyea
kynfypafa ua saopaeof! Hekorau u ruory ropepuu perokpafuu ro kopucfaf sa-
opaeof no nopaka, op ecuu npuuuu ufo opaf sa yeane ua onufecfeeuuof
rup (P. Ricouer, 2006, 807). Hako perokpafujafa ufo ce ocfeapyeana eo no-
eoeua Jyrocnaeuja, uenocpepuo no Bfopafa ceefcka eojua, feuko u roena pa
ce crefa sa ropepua perokpafuja, ue ja ucknyyear rouocfa peka forauua-
fa napfucka enufa una eopeua fokry op faa upeja pa ce sayea onufecfee-
uuof rup, a foa ke ce nocfurue faka ufo rparauufe ufo e rouo noranky ke ce
nofcefyeaaf ua cufe ouue rposuu snocfopcfea ufo u ue ce cnyune fonky opar-
ua. H eo foa uera a priori pa ce eupu uuufo nouo, upejku uaeucfuua e feuko
pa ce nocfurue ruuuraneu onufecfeeu kouceusyc sa upuuuafa ua onufecfeofo
ako no uekoja ronera fparepuja/eojua ua rparauufe, opepere-uaepere, ce nof-
cefyea ua snocfopcfeafa ua nofuuefufe eo ueoparueuuofo ruuafo. Ho ruua-
fofo ue roe caro faka pa ce saopaeu, ocoeuo kora foa yeane ua onufec-
feeuuof rup ce npefeopuno eo uekoufponupauo nofeuuupane ua epuu snoc-
fopcfea, ouue ufo ru uanpaeune fue ufo ja saryune eojuafa, a ucfoepereuo
eo uenocf ce uruopupane, opuocuo ce ruuuranusupane snocfopcfeafa ua ppy-
rafa/noepuukafa cfpaua. Koueuo, ucfopujafa cekorau sopyea sa noepuu-
uufe u ucknyueo ru cnaeu uueuufe noepu: Koj u pa usneron noepuuk, po pe-
ueueu peu yecfeyea eo fpuyrqanuafa noeopka eo koja cerauuufe enapefenu
rasaf npeky ouue ufo neaf uukyr (W. Benjamin, 1970, 258), a nafer yfeppy-
eaaf/nponuuyeaaf u nonufuko narfene uacfauu/nukoeu ufo ropa pa ce
sanoruaf, kako u ouue uacfauu/nukoeu ufo ue e uyuo pa ce sanoruaf! H fokry
co foa cucferafcko nofucuyeane/fayusupane (Bleiburg, kpusuuof naf, cnopuo-
fo ofeopane u qopcupane ua cperckuof qpouf, neeufe ckpuuyeana eo noe-
fokof ua eojuafa, noeoeuafa npucunua konekfueusauuja, ofeopanefo uoeu noro-
pu Fonu Ofok, Ceefu Fpryp, Eunek...) co poseoneuufe snocfopcfea e ofeope-
ua Raupopuuafa kyfuja, cekaeanafa/ceepoenafa ua cufe ufo ce yecfeyeaa
pfeu ua ouue snocfopcfea sa kou ue uno poseoneuo jaeuo pa ce sopyea.
15

3afoa cocera ce eo npaeo ouue (faka X. Bajf ru coeefyea packayeaufe, a C.
Kepyf ucfopuapufe peka eo ceojafa npukasua/ucfopuja fpea pa erpapaf aefo-
peqepeuuujanuu noroeu u ua foj uauu pa ja oceecfaf kaj ufafenof ueceopnu-
eafa pasnuka rery cnyyeanefo u ueroeuof onuc) ufo feppaf peka cekoe ceka-
eane uyuo npouseepyea oppepeuu noroeu safoa ufo yecfeyea eo akfueupa-
ne ua ueufo uoeo/nofucuafo/ueeupnueo/kykuu cnuku, ua foj uauu yecfeyeajku
u eo uarupyeanefo ua ponroeufe op ruuafofo ua faa oruneua nonufuko-uc-

15
3a qeuoreuof ua cekaeanefo kako ceoeeupeu ofnop nuuo nuuyean u J. Assmann eo
kuurafa Kynfypuo noruene, Rucro, cekaeane u nonufuku upeufufef eo pauufe eucoku kyn-
fypu, Eunuofeka Tekcf, 3euuua, 2005, noceuo nornaejefo Onuuu ua kynfypuofo noruene:
Xeuko u napuo cekaeane, cfp.79-103. A peka ueufo forau ue uno au faka kako ufo sanu-
uan eo cnyeuafa ucfopuorpaquja uajpopo uu noceepoyeaaf ouue cekaeana ua ruuafofo
ufo uu oeosroyeaaf yeup u eo ouue noranky cnaeuu enusopu ua foa ucfo ruuafo. Cekaea-
nefo e uauu pa ce oppenure op papeuufe qakfu, foa e uauu ua nocpepyeane ufo ua
kpafku ruroeu ja pyuu rokfa ua papeuufe qakfu. Roruenefo u cekaeanefo ru poeukyea
ruuafufe cfpaeofuu, uo u ruuafufe uapeu (H.Marcuse, 1967, 117)
104
-
fopucka pucuunnuua ua oeue npocfopu. Taa fyrocf u uenosuafa puuaruka ua
cekaeanefo e cuna ufo ro npekpuyea sakouof ua nokanuuof npocfop (M. de
Certeau, 1980, 41-42), opuocuo cfauyea sop sa ouoj fun cekaeana ufo epuu-
cfeeuo roaf pa ro peeupupaaf ouoj kornnekc ufo Peuafa Pakrau ro oenea-
na kako kynfypuo noruene. Eupejku, ako cakafe pa ja npepoufe eucfuuafa sa
ferufe ufo cucferafcku ce nofucuyeauu, cfurrafusupauu, forau ropa pa uu
upe jacuo peka foa ue roe pa ce nocfurue co ucknyueo fpapuuuouanuufe
packayeaku nocfanku. A fokry fue nocfanku u yecfeyeaaf eo npouecof ua
cospaeane ua ouoj ropen ua kynfypanuo noruene ufo cnyeuafa enacf ro
nponuuyea/npenopayea/nerufurupa.
Epuucfeeuo eo foj koufekcf roe pa ce pasepe upejafa ua rakepoucka-
fa ucfopuapka u feopefuapka ua kuueeuocfa Pupuja Kanyueecka-pakynee-
cka, koja eo fekcfof Hupueupyanuafa u konekfueuafa reropuja kako fpayra
(uufepnpefauuja ua Erejuu u Cueroeufe ua Kasanauka op Kica Kolbe) eo upo-
uuckuof puckypc rnepa kako ua uajapekeafeu puckypc uus koj roe ua uefpapu-
uuouaneu uauu pa ce sopyea sa qeuoreuof ua fpayrafa!? Ho ropar pa us-
pasar nara ckenca kou oeaa fesa, upejku ue cyr curypeu peka co upouuckuof
puckypc roar ycneuuo pa ru peuaear cufe uauu ucfopucku fpayru? Mucnar
peka co upouuckuof puckypc (ue peka uerano oupu epeu fakoe ueycneueu
oup npefcfaeyea qunrof Xueofof e yae, kape ufo fafkofo ua Eeuunu ce
oupyea pa ry nouypu ua cuuof uraruuapeu ufuf, faka ufo eeufo/cpekuo ro
eoenekyea eo cocera ecrucneua urpa/uafnpeeap sa pa ro saufufu op fpayra-
fuuafa cpepa co onufecfeeuafa peanuocf eo noropckuof ueof) ue e rouo
pa ce pekoucfpyupaaf qeuoreuufe Xonokaycf unu Fynar: ferufe Xonokaycf/Fy-
nar co ceojafa fparuuocf ry ce cnpofuecfaeyeaaf ua cekoj oup sa upouuja!
3auuraeanefo co feopujafa uu oeosroyea, ua uaua ronera cpeka, pa
ue ropa pa ce opuecyeare kako nparrafukufe (npefnasnueu) nonufuapu. Eu-
pejku ako cakare pa upere aefeufuuu/kpufuku feopefuapu, forau foa sua-
u peka cfauyea sop sa ouue ufo cekorau ropa pa ce npauyeaaf ue e nu npak-
fukafa ua saopaeof ufefua sa eucfuuafa u sa npaepafa? Tokry fue npauana
ru nocfaeyea R. Pukyp:
16
Kape noruuyea nuuujafa ua pasrpauuyeane norery
aruecfujafa u aruesujafa? Oproeopof ua foa npauane ue ce uaora ua nonu-
fukofo paruuufe, fyky ua uajuufuruofo paruuufe ua cekoj rparauuu, eo uero-
eafa uajpnaoka euafpeuuocf.
Enaropapeuue ua npopaofyeanefo ua cekaeanafa, eo uenocf npopao-
fyea anocfa, cekoj op uac ura ponuocf pa ue ro saopaeu ruuafofo, fyky pa
sopyea sa uero (fokry ua foj uauu nonckuof peucep A. Bajpa ro
cfpykfypupan qunrof Kafuucka uyra, sa faa, epua op uajronerufe noncku
fparepuu/fpayru eo ucfopujafa MOPA pa ce sopyea a foa ro npaeaf akfepu-
fe eo faa fparuua npukasua eo qunrof uukoj uera npaeo op ppyruof pa apa
pa ronu sa fue cfpauuu snocfopcfea, pa ce saopaeu faa yacua u uesaruc-
nuea fparepuja, pa ce nofucue, cekaeanefo pa u ce nokopu ua rnopuqukauujafa
ua oppepeu nonufuku peur/upeonoruja, upejku uekoj/ruuucfepcfeofo co no-
nufukafa ua cekaeane npoueuun/no peka epepuocfufe ufo noeoeua Roncka u
ru uarefuana ua coeefcka Pycuja ce nopocfojuu op roucfpyosuofo yucfeo ua
peaecef unjapu nyre) konky u pa e onua, crupeuo, es nyfene (2006, 807).
Kako ufo kayea X. Apeuf, uufupajku ro Hcak uuuceu, sa onkufe, kakeu u pa

16
Cn. P. Ricouer, Roruene, Hcfopuja. 3aopae, Eeponcku rnacuuk p. 11/2006, cfp.799-807
105
. .
une, cufe cfauyeaaf nopuocnueu ako ce cfaeaf eo uekoj packas unu ako op uue
ce uanpaeu packas. H fokry faa rucna ja cnepaf nucafenufe (Kuu, Koea, -yn-
uk, 3ynau, Luajpep, Jaueecku, Aupouoecku), kou nuuyeanefo sa onkafa/sno-
fo ro cqakaaf kako ponuocf/oepcka eauo e pa ce nuuyea: po uekoro foa
ke ponpe (A. Cunaecku) uuufo ue cree pa ce saopaeu, c ropa pa ce sanu-
ue,
17
ue roe sayeyeanefo ua onufecfeeuuof rup pa upe anuu sa nouofo
ruuafo. Cnopep foa, eauo e pa ce ocfaeu fpara/kpuk (a konky faa fpara/kpuk
roe pa upe oneu/a nokayea u cnyajof ua ouoj safeopeuuk ufo npeo ua
ceoefo yeo cu ucfefoeupan uekonky sopa, a nocne foa ucfo yeo ro ucekon u ry
ro qpnun uus peuefkufe ua cfpaapof eo nuue, a ua yeofo uno ucfefoeupauo:
Ropapok sa XXII kourpec ua KRCC) upejku onacuocfa poara op saopaeof.
A fpea, ucfo faka, pa ce kae peka oua ufo po eepa eue uecnyeua
ucfopuja, eeke yfpe roe pa cfaue cnyeua: faka u cnaeuufe ocnoopufenu
npeky uok roe pa cfauaf ouuu yruefyeau. Huufo ue e epuau sacekorau
papeuo, na faka u uauuouanuufe ucfopuu nocfojauo ce nuuyeaaf opuoeo, a foa
uoeo nuuyeane ue e uuufo ppyro fyky peqnekcuja ua roreufanuufe opuocu
rery xererouucfukufe cunu eo onufecfeofo. Taka ucfopujafa roe pa cfaue u
ceoeeupuo ceepoufeo sa ueeupnueocfa, a pypu qyukuujafa ua packayeanefo
ja oeosroyea fpaucqoprauujafa ua ueeupnueofo eo eupnueo. Cnopep foa, eo
npaeo e arepukauckuof qunosoq P. Muuk, koj ro npeepfyea pepocnepof ua
peanuocfa, faka ufo npukasuafa u packayeakuof ucfopucku puckypc ke ru
cfaeu npep ojekfueuafa peanuocf ua ueofof. H kora feopucku oceecfeuufe
nucafenu eo fue ucfopucku npukasuu ke erpapaf qaufacfuuu npocepea, forau
fue caro ja sacunyeaaf rucnafa ua P. Pakrau peka qaufacfukafa e fokry faa
ufo cekoja kynfypa ja cooyea co uejsuuuof saopae.
Hera corueeane peka couujanusrof eo Hcfoua Eepona un ceoeeupua
upeonouka peanuocf, nopepok uja penpopykuuoua rafpuua ja couuyea epua
cnuka ua ucfopujafa, upean ua onufecfeo ufo c yufe ro uera, uo koe ropa
roe ke upe. Ho, faa epua/epuucfeeua cnuka ua ucfopujafa ue roena pa op-
roeopu ua cufe fpayrafuuu uckycfea, upejku uauufe noruena une ruory
nouupoku op faa nponuuaua cnuka ua ucfopujafa. Roruenefo kako rafpuua ua
ucfopujafa ce noruu pasnuuo. H fyka ce ocfeapyea ypua epcka norery ucfo-
pujafa u kuueeuocfa,
18
eo koja kuueeuocfa ue ce ferenu caro ua qukfue-
uocf, u ucfo faka pacnonaranefo co qakfu ue e npueuneruja caro sa ucfo-
puckuof puckypc. Toj arureufef ua eucfuuckofo u uraruuapuofo ja saryun
epepuocfa po fonky ufo enereufufe ua uraruuapuuof nouane cekorau opuo-
eo pa ce ofkpueaaf eo fekcfoeufe ufo no cekoja ueua cakane pa ce npefcfaeaf
kako peanuu, a qukuuouanuufe fekcfoeu roene pa ce nokaaf kako recfo ua

17
Taka u packasof ua V. alamov Rpe sa saepuyea uu ranky cnyajuo co suakoeufufe
sopoeu:Hanuuu, forau roeu u pa saopaeuu. Paka ua cpue, u co faa npakfuka ua
sanuuyeane fpea pa upere kpajuo euurafenuu, upejku eo uekou cepuosuu feopucku
fpypoeu ce nocfaeyea norukofo npauane: panu nyrefo ufo nuuyeane pueeuuuu eo
Coeefckuof Cojys eucfuucku ru nuuyeane ceoufe pueeuuuu, unu ru nuuyeane co suaene
(cfpae) peka coeefckafa fajua cnya, npep unu nocne, ke ru kouquckyea fue pueeuuuu?
18
Bo Apxunenarof Fynar roe pa ce eupu ueouuuof oup ua kuueeuofo ucfpayeane,
na no cufe nerufuruu uufepnpefauuu ua foj fekcf kako uufepeceu cnoj ua ucfopuorpaqujafa,
aefouorpaqujafa, reroapufe, enckufe ropenu ua konekfueuo cfpapane, pasnuuufe uapa-
fueu, noneruku, auanusu (cfypuja sa cnyau, pokyreufu, kuuru), c po cufuu, ranu qopru ua
uapopuu noroeopku, aqopusar, auerpofa.
106
-
ojekfueuo cosuauue ua akfyenuocfufe eo paneky noronera repa ofkonky ufo
uaeupyr ua cfporo uayuuof puckypc ua ucfopuorpaqujafa u roeno pa ry
upe no eonja (D. Beganovic, 2007, 31)
Oea ynopuo, u pekon rauujako uucucfupane ua pokyreufof, ua ceepo-
ene, ua nopafok, ua uufaf, sa npouuknueuof ufafen u ocoeuo sa npouuknu-
euof kpufuap u uno eeke caro no cee poeonua uupukauuja peka nucafenof
co oea ournepuo caka pa ro ucfakue npep c suaenefo ua ceojafa kuueeua
nocfanka, uja kpajua uen e pa ce yeepu ufafenof eo eucfuuufocfa ua oeue
npukasuu, eo eucfuuufocfa ua onuuauufe cnyyeana (...). Offary foa cunuo
noeukyeane ua ceepouu, ua ceepoufea u ua pokyreufu. Kako eo npukasuafa
uuufo pa ue ry e npenyufeuo ua cnyajof, kako eo npukasuafa uuufo pa ue e
uenpoeepeuo u npouseonuo, fyky kako c pa e npeueceuo op uekoja (...) apxuea,
kape ufo cufe rucnu, cufe nocfanku ua cufe nuuocfu ce saeneauu, kako nu-
cafenof pa pacnonara co apxueu, pueeuuuu, cypcku akfu, reroapu, uufuruu
eneuku, nucra ua fonky auouuruu, ueucfopucku u cnopepuu nuuocfu (...), a
nucafenof uran caro ponuocf cufe fue cnyyeana pa ru noepse eo uekoj ue-
nofpeeu pep, pa ur pape xpouonouka u ncuxonouka uacoeuocf (D. Ki,
1978, 112-113). Tpea nu cneno pa ur ce eepyea ua pokyreufufe? He ce nu
fue, noeeke unu noranky, eeufo npenapupauu? He ce nu u fue (npueafuu e-
neuku, pueeuuuu, reroapu...) ceecuo koucfpyupauu sa ceoufe npeu ufafenu
areufufe ua fajuufe cnyu? Henu eo fue pueeuuuu ce nuuyeano oua sa ufo
ce rucneno peka ppaeafa caka pa ro suae?
Coepereuuof uufepec ua ucfopuckafa uayka c noeeke ce npunuyea
kou efuorpaqckuof npucfan, koj ce qokycupa ua oua kako u ufo noruaf nyrefo,
a peucu eoonufo ue ro uufepecupa ufo ce cnyuno. Huepeu pokyreuf ue e
ueeuu. 3a uero ropa pa ce cypu. Cekoj pokyreuf e ceepoene unu cnoreuuk,
koj ropare pa suaere pa ro pecfpykfypupare, pa ro paspenure. Packayeaof
ropa pa upe eo cocfoja ue caro epuocfaeuo pa ro ofkpue qancuqukafof, pa
cypu sa eepopocfojuocfa ua pokyreufof, fyky u pa ro perucfuquuupa. oky-
reufufe cfauyeaaf ucfopucku useopu caro ofkako une nopnoeuu ua nocfan-
kafa ufo ura uen pa ja fpaucqoprupa uueuafa naua qyukuuja eo ucnoeepy-
eanefo ua eucfuuafa (M. de Certeau, 1992, 183-184). Bo oppepeu roreuf op
penpopykuujafa ua epua nerufurua u uenocua ucfopucka eucfuua uno ueru-
uoeuo pa pojpe po ofkayeane, oua ufo uno nofucuafo, ueeupnueo, nperon-
euo, eo uekoj roreuf, ropa pa ce nokae, ropa pa cfaue eupnueo, ropa pa
nposopu. Epuocfaeuo: souufe ua ronene ce ueoppnueu! H foa ofkayeane
op epuucfeeuafa ucfopucka eucfuua ke opu eo uacoka ua nonunepcnekfueuu,
peueufpupauu, qparreufapuu, knacuu u popoeo-nosuuuouupauu eusypu ua
oppenuu ucfopucku cnyyeana, nuua u nepuopu, kape ufo aefouorpaqckufe
sanucu ua cekaeanafa ua nyrefo op cufe onufecfeeuu cnoeeu paruonpaeuo ke
ur ce npuppyaf ua ppyrufe ucfopucku useopu. Eupejku ucfopujafa feueena
pa cfaue pefpocnekfueua aufpononoruja, pouno po usepuayeane (uekoj u
roen pa pee uueepsuja) ua fpapuuuouanuafa ferafcka xuepapxuja. Ouue
ufo npefxopuo une ocypeuu ua ronene euu, peua, kpuruuanuu, u reue-
panuo uuckafa knaca poeepeuu ce eo ueufapof ua npoyyeanafa. Co uueuo-
fo poarane poune u uoeu useopu, uekou ceeu ofkpueuu, a uekou caro npou-
fauu ua uoe uauu. Rouupokuof usop ua feru suaen u nouupoka ynofpea ua
pokasufe. (...) Xeuckafa u efuukafa ucfopuja, ua npurep, nouypune ueonucuo
ceepoufeo sa ueofufe ufo eeke ue roene pa ocfauaf orpauueuu euafpe eo
107
. .
epeu epuucfeeu npukas. Rourof ua epuucfeo, ua koj ce nofnupane u auanucfu-
fe u rapkcucfukufe ucfopuapu, c noeeke un ofqpnau eo kopucf ua noffuk-
uyeanefo ua ruorykpafuocfa. Uepcfo fno sa ucfopuckufe npoyyeana cera e
apxunenarof ua oppenuu ocfpoeu, poj ufo e co cekoe pecefnefue c noroner
(J. Wilkinson, 1998, 99).

vs

3a opuocof rery noruenefo u ucfopujafa ruory uufepecuo nuuyea Pe
Foq. Oeoj aefop crefa peka noruenefo npefcfaeyea enor eo urpafa ua rok,
noruenefo ru aefopusupa ceecuufe u ueceecuufe rauunynauuu, u kako fakeo,
foa fpea pa ur kopucfu ua noepuueuufe u ua konekfueuufe uufepecu. A kora
cfauyea sop sa konekfueuufe uufepecu, forau fue, npep c, ce eepuqukyeaaf
uus cnyeuafa uauuouanua ucfopuorpaquja. 3a pasnuka op noruenefo, ucfo-
pujafa, nak, ja sera eucfuuafa kako uopra. (...) noruenefo ue e ucfopuja, fyky
epeu op uejsuuufe npeprefu u noefeu cfeneu ua uejsuuuof paseoj. (Le Goff,
1992, 129). H uue eo uauufe auanusu ke fpruere op cfaeof ufo ro saroeapaaf
ucfopuapufe ua kynfypanuofo uacoyeane, kou crefaaf peka noruenefo eo
opuoc ua ucfopujafa e nouupoko, noperokpafcko, noaefeufuuo u noeuc-
fuuufo op ucfopujafa. Bo uueuufe pasrucnyeana ucfopujafa ce ceepyea uc-
knyueo ua eeufaka u rauunynafueua qopra ua noruene.
H eo uapepuofo nornaeje ke ro ucnufyeare oeoj opuoc!
( )


:

Bo oeoj nonuc ua nufepafypa ru uaeepyear ouue fekcfoeu ua kou
uenocpepuo ce peqepupae eo fekcfof.

Agamben, G (2009), Izvanredno stanje, Deltakont, Zagreb.
Adler, N. (2004), Preivjeli iz Gulaga. S one strane sovjetskog sistema, Beogradski krug,
Beograd.
Amery, J. (2009), S onu stranu krivnje i zadovoljtine, Ljevak, Zagreb.
Arendt, H. (1987), On Revolution, Harmondsworth.
Bauman, Z. (2000), Modernity and the Holocaust, Ithaca, NY.
Beganovic, D. (2007), Pamcenje traume. Apokalipticka proza Danila Kia, Zoro, Zagreb-
Sarajevo.
Biti, V. (2005), Doba svjedocenja. Tvorba identiteta u suvremenoj hrvatskoj prozi, Matica
hrvatske, Zagreb.
Buden, B. (1998), Barikade, Arkzin, Zagreb.
de Certaue, M. (1980), L*Ecriture de l*histoire, Paris. (1988), The Writing of History,
Columbia UP, NY.
Dicev, I. (2003), Eros i identitet, u Zborniku: Balkan kao metafora. Izmedu globalizacije i
fragmentacije, ed. Duan I. Bijelic&Obrad Savic, Beogradski krug, Beograd, str.269-285.
Groys, B. ((2006), Uciniti stvari vidljivima: strategije suvremene umjetnosti, uredila i prevela
Nada Bero, Muzej suvremene umjetnosti, Zagreb.
Kirin-Jambreic, R.(2008), Dom i svijet. O enskoj kulturi pamcenja, Centar za enske
studije, Zagreb.
Ki, D. (1978), Cas anatomije, Nolit, Beograd,.
La Capra, D. (1987), History, Politics and Novel, Ithaca&London.
Le Goff, J. (1992), History and Memory, Columbia UP, NY.
108
-
Marcuse, H. (1967), Der eindemensionale Mensch, Darmstadt.
Mink, L. (1987), Historical Understanding, Brian Fay, Eugene O. Golob i
Richard T. Vann (ur.) Cornell UP, Ithaaca.
Ricouer, P. (2006), Pamcenje.Povijest.Zaborav. Europski glasnik, br.11, Zagreb.
Tadic, Lj. (1988), O politickom teroru, Knjievna kritika 3-4, Beograd, str.58-63.
Wilkinson, J. (1998), Izbori fikcija: povjesnicari, sjecanja i dokazi, Gordogan 43-44,
Zagreb, str.95-111.
Voglis, P. (2002), Political Prisoners in the Greek Civil War, 1945-50. Journal of
Contemporary History 37/4, str.523-540.
109






MEMORY-HISTORY-TRAUMA

Zlatko Kramari

(Summary)


In the text Memory-History-Trauma the author did analyzed how in a
particular historical-political situation our memories, our remembrences, our
oblivions behave with regard to horrifying cognition that even after the World War II
on these premises exicted concentration camps for political enemies/rivals. There
is no doubt that uninterruptedly interaction memories, remembrance and
oblivion definitely participated in the production of the particular social reality.

110


82-4.09
Hseopeu uayeu fpyp




( )


- -
,

: , , ,
key words: essay, improvisation, tolerance, reading without effort


Ecejof kako pasrucna, kako cfae, kako paseueane ua fesa u apryreufauu-
ja, e ceojcfeeu sa cekoe rucneko ufue. Rucafenof ue e oecfeeuo npepop-
pepeuafa uucfauua sa eceucfukuof sanuc; foa ue e uufy uoeuuapof, uufy koj u
pa e ua koro sopof ry e pen op npoqecuouanuuof onuc. Bo fekof ua
ceoufe ponru ropuuu paseueane, op nojaeafa kako -
(fepruu npesereu op Joseph Epstein, 1997: 11) po peuec, ecejof ja apa
ceojafa, npeneeajku ce op epua eo/po ppyra qopra. Fnepauo op peueueu ac-
nekf, foj e ucf nocfropepuucfuku aup no carafa ceoja eknekfuka cyuuocf,
es ornep ua rofueof unu ua nocfankufe eps kou e paseueu. 3aufo foj e, ecyu-
uocf, jasuuo u rucneko uckycfeo unu nofouo uckycfeo cepsauo co jasueu
ekcnepureuf. Ke ja usppu nu jasukof feukafa, nperefnuea, nanuea u saeepy-
eaka rpauuua rery peqepeufuocfa u refaqopafa? Ke suae nu jasukof pa npe-
ruue op qakf(u) kou qukuuja fouo forau kora aefopof ke ro nocaka foa? Ou-
rnepuo foa ce oupyeaaf pa ro nokaaf u pa ro pokaaf nuuyeaufe ua eceu.
Teopefuapufe ua kuueeuocfa ce cornacyeaaf okony foa peka ecejof, u
nokpaj ueroeofo uekonkyeekoeuo nocfoene, ocfauyea uajranky ucfpaeu kako
aup
1
. He roejku pa ce ceepe ua kakea uno pequuuuuja, onpepena unu or-
pauuyeane, ecejof u eo coepereuafa kuueeua uayka ocfauyea ceoeeupeu cu-
uouur sa xupupuocf, ueponoenueocf, uenopafnueocf sa qukcupane ua kuu-
eeuufe kofu. Ecejof e aup-ornepano ua concfeeuofo (ua jac-feofo), u uac-
fauyea faka kako ufo uacfauyea sopof ufo ce oupyea pa ro ponoeu foa :
kako upeufufef, kako rucneku qunfep. Peuecaucafa
2
, co ceojafa cepfe-

1
He ru nosuaear poeonuo popo cocfojufe eo cnoeeuekafa kynfypua cpepuua u ue suar
konky ecejof e ucfpaeu kako aup, uo roar cocera kopekfuo u ofeopeuo pa sopyear sa
rakepouckafa cpepuua. Bo Makepouuja eceu ce nuuyeaaf, u foa c noeeke, uo sa ecejof ue ce
nuuyea... unu nopopo peeuo ue poeonuo. Taka ufo, uaeucfuua e ronero oceeyeane
rarucfepckafa fesa ua Tafjaua E. Eqfurocka nop uacnoe
( ), koja ce oekyea eo ckopo epere pa usnese u kako kuura.
2
Cnopep Muxaun Enufeju, pefko e nosuaf usyrufenof ua epeu aup, kako eo cnyajof co
ecejof, a eperefo ua Muuen pe Moufen, fafkofo ua ecejof, e eperefo ua xyrauusrof u
peuecaucafa.
111

uocf kou oeekoeofo ufue, kou oeekof car no cee, kou oeekof-cospaea, a
ue cospapeu oppaneky u oparua ja uajaeyea ua ersucfeu-
uujanusrof: uera rpee u euua, ura cnoopa; ueofof ue e caro cpepcfeo sa pa
ce sacnyu eeuafa uarpapa u pa ce userue eeuafa kasua foj e uen caruof
ua/sa ceecu (aefofenoc); uera uape u eepa ura suaene; uera cfpae
ura curypuocf ufu. Rocfropepuusrof saepuo co ceojafa uufafuocf, kona-
uocf, nanurncecf, nacfuu e eucfuuckuof nepuop sa npouyf ua
. (J. Epstein, 1997: 64) Knurafa e ocoeuo noeonua: roefo
cnoopuo ja pacnocfuna ceojafa rucneka euepruja, yrefuocfa uera npaeuna,
a ceefof e ornepano. Bo epuo epere ua -
,
(Yrpeuuk, 2002: 150), ecejof co ceoefo uufeusueuo npucycfeo
nonpeyea -
2002:
149).
- --
. -
: .
, ;

, uarnacyea Tafjaua E. Eqfurocka. Uuknu-
uocfa, rynfunnuuupauocfa u eeuuof cfpere kou paruofeafa, koja ke ce ua-
pyuu eepuau ofkako ke ce nocfurue ce oeneja ue caro ua aupof, fyky u
ua qusukafa sakouorepuocf ua peqnekcujafa. Ornepanofo. Bo foj koufekcf
usrnepa peka ufafenof npucycfeyea ua epeu rouue uufepeceu uu ua caro-
cnosuaeane ua aefopof, ua ueroeofo aefopeqepeuuujanuo ucfpayeane ua
ueofkpueuufe npocfopu eo ueroeofo concfeeuo . Toa e uu ufo, noefopuo
napapokcanuo, uu ranky ue e conuncucfuku unu caropoeoneu, u safoa e qe-
uoreu sa ufafenof.
Kou ce fue ueofkpueuu npocfopu ua oua ua Mufja -aupep. Ako fprue-
re op oua ufo foj caruof ro kayea, posuaeare: , , -
, , , , -
, , , .
? (-aupep, 2009: 31) Ho ako ja
npuqafure ouaa ueroea pasrucna peka

(2009: 31), a foj e uajruory npucyfeu fokry eo nufepafypafa, unu nofouo foj e
uenuof eo nufepafypafa, forau ue ropa pa npuqafure uuufo op oua ufo foj
ro uapoja. Oeoj fekcf ro uufepecupa caro oppepuuuafa ua
. Op ppyra cfpaua, kako ufo uarnacyea u caruof -aupep eo
ceojof ecej , Yrepfo Eko, -
- , ,
, : -
(2009: 16). Bo foj cnyaj, fpruyeajku op ouoj aefoonuc,
-aupep espesepeuo u ro epoune eo .
Ho u fyka ue sacfauyeare, saufo ranky nopony, -aupep uarnacyea:...

,
(u popana ua ruuafuof eek) , -
112
- -
. , ,
(2009: 17), co ufo ce ofeopa npauanefo op
koro saeucu caronpenosuaeuuof, anokanunfueu uufenekfyaneu Mufja -au-
pep? Moeu op ? Hnu ue? 3aufo kako pa ce cqafu ouoj pen op
ueroeafa uorpaquja ufo rnacu eaka: Op 1996 ropuua e ypepuuk ua uspaeau-
feofo , koe op foj nepuop ro ura usreuefo kouuenfof ua kuueeuo
uspaeaufeo ue caro eo , fyky u eo Cnoeeuuja. Cenak, ufo suae u
konky ro nosuaea rakepouckafa kynfypua cpepuua Mufja -aupep? Fo nosuaea
nu u npep ueroeuof rakepoucku , koj usnese kou kpajof ua
ruuafafa ropuua, eo npeeop ua Harufa Cyuofo (uspauue ua -
), a coppu usop eceu op cufe fpu ueroeu supku (
, 2003; , 2006 u , 2008) u koj
uraue ceoja nporouuja eo noefokof ua anpun oeaa ropuua (2010)? Mufja -au-
pep ue peufupaue co oeoj uacnoe eo Makepouuja. Ha cfpauuuufe ua enek-
fpouckofo cnucauue (www.blesok.com.mk) oncfojyea co fpu ceou uacno-
eu: (p. 44, cenferepu-okforepu, 2005),
(p. 46, jauyapu-qeepyapu, 2006) u (p.
50, cenferepu-okforepu, 2006), a eo 2008 ropuua ru uanpaeu usopof u noroeo-
pof sa aufonorujafa ua cnoeeuekafa kpafka nposa eo npe-
eop op cnoeeueku ua Harufa Cyuofo.
Cnopep Muxaun Enufeju, fokry cneuuquuafa rauuqecfauuja ua cyjek-
fueuocfa e oua ufo ecejof kako aup ro pasnukyea op aefouorpaqujafa, op
pueeuukof u op ucnoeepfa; faa e ueroeafa differentia specifica. Ako aefouo-
rpaqcko-reroapckafa nposa ro pasofkpuea eo ruuafofo, pueeuukof
qparreufusupauofo ua cerauuocfa, uacpepe ueroeofo uecfeyeane kako
npouecyanuocf, a ucnoeepfa nocakyeauofo, nofeuuujanuofo eo ece-
jof
-, ... (M. Enufeju, 1997: 14). Taka nposeyyeaaf u so-
poeufe ua Mufja -aupep op ueroeuof ecej : -
, , (-aupep 2009:
18). Bcyuuocf, fokry safoa cekoja roua fera ua ecejof u una auanufuka u
cuuouurua sa foa , cocera puckpefuo sappyeajku ro eo ceojafa sapuuua.
Hako ce uuu rapruuanusupauo, a nouekorau peucu u ofcyfuo, foa e kako
eopafa, yeuuku pequuupaua kako rafepuja ufo ro sasera onukof ua capof
eo koj ce uaora.
Eceucfof ua ceoufe ufafenu ur ro kayea oua ufo ro rucnaf u fue ca-
rufe, uo uukorau poforau ue ycneane pa ro cpoaf, pa ro uckaaf, u npufoa ur
ofkpuea ueufa ufo fue ue ru suaaf u roeu uukorau ue ru norucnune (J.
Epstein, 1997: 17). Bo npeuof cnyaj, ufafenof ro npopnaoyea ceoefo nuuo
uckycfeo; eo efopuof, ro cfekuyea fyrofo. Moeu safoa u c e faka necuo, na
pypu u saeopnueo kora ce ufaaf eceufe ua Mufja -aupep. 4unuc Poys, epua op
aefopkufe sacfaneuu eo (The
Norton Book of Personal Essays), rouue uueeufueuo u acouujafueuo ro uapeky-
ea Moufen , ,

(J. Epstein,
1997: 14). 3uau, ecejof E , unu pa ru ynofpeure so-
poeufe ua ufanujauckuof coepereu aefop Anecauppo Eapuko,
, . Ra faka u urnpoeusauuufe ua -aupep ce necuo npuqaf-
113

nueu, ufo suau ce ufaaf kako sa pyua, a npufoa u orappupaaf co fonky
ruory cfaeoeu, pasrucnu, cnosuauuja kako sa cfpaeof op crpffa ua nufepafy-
pafa ( ), sa ronkof u ronenefo (), sa 3ana-
pof u Hcfokof ( ), sa concfeeuufe u fyrufe u peanuu,
uo u kuueeuu/uraruuapuu nafyeana eo kou ru conocfaeyea aepopporof u po-
rauuafa unuofeka kako pee refaqopu ( ), sa cfpacfa, nyoefa
kou uaxof u kuueeuocfa ( , ,
), sa nyoropafa (), sa onuufe feru/recfa eo nufepafy-
pafa, uo u eo ueofof ( ) u uekako uajruory sa cnoeeuekafa nufepa-
fypa u kynfypa ( , ) u sa faa nufe-
pafypa u kynfypa kako pen op epua noronera nufepafypa u kynfypa ua ann-
ckufe uapopu ( ), kako u sa uekou onufecfeeuu coc-
foju eo faa cnoeeueka kynfypa (, ).
-oeekuof yr e uenocfojau u reuyeaku. Takoe e u ecejof. Ouoj ufo caka
pa nuuyea (uanuue) ecej ropa pa ja uspeou upejafa op uejsuuafa saepueuocf,
saokpyeuocf. okonky ja poepuun, foj ueonpaepauo ro npornacun uejsuuuof
ropafopuyr.
Ponau Eapf sopyea sa ecejof kako sa fekcf, foa e fekcf
ufo . ekoucfpyupajku ja kauouckafa nocfaeeuocf ua ufanefo u
ua nuuyeanefo, opuocuo ua fekcfoeuafa u ua fekcfoeuofo -
, ecejof ua Eapf roe pa ce ufa kako npepeupyeaku koreufap sa -
fekcf ufo uera noefok uufy kpaj, fyky e noepafeu, uuknueu;
ura uekonky rouu , npucfanu, op koj uufy epeu ue ce uarefuyea kako
epuucfeeuo roeu; nnypaneu fekcf, uuufo cucferu ua suaene ce eckoue-
uu, safoa ufo ce sacuoeaaf eps eckoueuocfa ua jasukof (Bensmaa, 1987:
xxix). Bo foj koufekcf u fekcfoeu ua Mufja -aupep op rakepouckofo uspauue ue
koreufupaaf caro, fyky ruory noeeke fue u ro u-
fafenof ua akuuja; fue noeeke ue ce sanpauyeaaf sa suaenefo ua kuueeuufe
pena, fyky nouypyeaaf epua npakfuua ucfpara/nofpara/npefpara ua ufanefo
u nuuyeanefo kako npouec.
Hcnuuyeakuof fekcf unu ucnuuyeane ua ufanefo e nocfanka ua
nporeua ua ufafenof op oueu eo . Aefopof Cno-
opau Bnapyuuk, eo ceojafa kuura ( ), opuocuo eo fekcfof
, eenu: -
, -
, , , . (Bnapyuuh, 2007:
162). Oeoj fekcf, noceefeu ua ua Mufja -aupep, kako pa
opu eo npunor ua fesaea, saufo ueroeufe eceu/ryppyeana uanpaeuja op reue
pa ce fpaucqoprupar op oueu eo ua uoe fekcf.
Epuocfaeuo, no npoufof oeek ue roe pa ocfaue paruopyueu u pa ue cepue
pa uanuue ueufo sa pa nopasroeapa u co ecejof u co aefopof ua ecejof.
Ecejof e aup ufo ru penafueusupa popo sakofeeuufe, na u knacuuo
ypouufe nosuuuu ua aefopof u ua ufafenof, ru usrecfyea uueuufe rpauuuu
po npeneeane, eo naparefpu op yuucouocf ua peefe uucfauuu, po uueua kako-
qouuja. Kakaqouuuocfa ro oojyea u oeoj fekcf. Ecejof e uajpeqepeuuujanuu-
of aup op cufe ppyru; foj peucu u ce eo cerauuocfa, oupyeajku ce pa
usepuu enujauue eps uea, pa ja kopurupa. He ry e fyra uufy ersakfuocfa, uufy
refaqopuuocfa ua cfunof. A uajceojcfeeua ry e rucnoeuocfa. Rouekorau foa
e aup ufo, ycnoeuo kaauo, ja epuu eankauafa paofa eo kuueeuocfa, kako
114
- -
kora -aupep sopyea ofeopeuo sa pucupeufcfeofo kako sa cfae ufo ru oepu-
uyea upeanusrof, couujanuafa ocefnueocf u noprofeeuocfa sa akuuja (-
), unu sa cfypeufckufe peuena/npeeupana op ocyrpeceffufe ropuuu ua
ruuafuof eek (), unu sa kouueufpauuouufe noropu eo ueof u kuu-
eeuocfa ( ). Kora ce sauuraea co pueeuu feru, ecejof
, ; -
, , uarna-
cyea Tafjaua E. Eqfurocka. Ho kora ce sauuraea co eeuu feru, kako ufo foa
ro npaeu Mufja -aupep, forau foj ry npkocu ua eperefo. Moeu u eoonufo ue
e cnyajuo ufo kuurafa ce ofeopa u ce safeopa co rucnoe-
uufe nponecouu sa carofo epere. Taka cosuauuefo peka... -
-
(-aupep, 2009: 12), saufo -
-
,
.
(2009: 13), kako pa caka pa ce aropfusupa npeky noeukyeanefo ua
epuo (upunuuo) epere, koe ce oupyea pa sacfaue fary eo kuueeuocfa ua
annckufe uapopu, eo cnukafa sa nereupapuafa Xajpu, saufo:
(2009: 175).
Bcyuuocf, -aupep uajcepuosuuof pujanor ro eopu co eperefo, ekopejku uus
npepenufe ua cnoeeuekafa u ua ceefckafa nufepafypa. Paporau Koppuk,
aefop ua kuurafa , ja crefa sa noruua npefnoc-
faekafa -
,
, .
,
. (Kordic, 2000: 14) uckypcof ua peanuocfa uukorau uera pa
upe peanuocf, cekorau ke ocfaue fekcf; a kape ufo ura fekcf, fary ura u
packasuocf. Rouekorau, ecejof e cknou kou pepykuuja ua uapafueuufe peueuuja
u ua packayeakafa noruka kako ufo foa e ocoeuo rauuqecfuo eo ecejof
(-aupep, 2009: 156-158). Peeuuuafa ua -aupep e npefeo-
peua eo , ernupucku kop, a uapafueuocfa ce rauuqec-
fupa npeky npoponyeane u ua uckycfeofo.
Epuo op npecypuufe ceojcfea/enesu ua ecejof kako aup eo roufenoe-
cka crucna ufo ru pacufyea U. Enufeju e fonepaufuocfa. Ecejof e fonepaufeu
aup, upejku ue cypu, ue feppu u ue uucucfupa, fyky nocfojauo cre-
fa/rucnu/npefnocfaeyea u koueuo, ura cnyx sa cekoja ppyra eucfuua nouuakea
op ueroeafa. Tokry e oua ufo uajruory ry ce ponara ua Mufja
-aupep, foa e oua ufo u reue ru ce ponara kaj Mufja -aupep. Touo eo foa e u
roneruuafa ua ueroeafa cyjekfueuocf, opuocuo yuueepsanuuof kapakfep ua,
napapokcanuo, epua epuucfeeua ceecf. Taa ceecf e yuueepsanua upejku na-
rouaknouefo ru npuupa kou cee u ppyrufe; ue uacfojyea ua concfeeuafa uc-
knyueocf, fyky uanpofue, ce rnepa ceecu fokry uus npufokufe, yfokufe, pypu
u cnpofuecfaeeuocfufe ua ppyrufe ceecfu.
Ecejof ro opnukyea ufane es uanop. Ocfauyea no ranky sarafka: panu
faka u ce nuuyea? Cekako, oea fpea pa ry ce nocfaeu ua caruof nuuyea
ua Mufja -aupep! Ho ocfauyea cosuauuefo no npoufyeanefo ua ueroeufe eceu
peka kaj uero nocfou epua uecorueua ceefa nouf kou u kou -
115

, kako u epua (panu nperoneua?) feopuja peka jasu-
kof e epeu, a cufe uue, ueu u ueueu ufuja, ru sopyeare caro pujanekfufe
ua foj jasuk. 3afoa u fonkaea cepfeuocf kou kuueeuocfa eo ueroeufe eceu. -
, eenu -aupep,
. -
, . -
, uarnacyea -aupep, -
. -
, -
, ,
(2009: 32). Kora uekoj u re npauan, uaeucfuua ue u
suaena pa oproeopar panu noeeke cakar pa ja ufar ouaa
ua Mufja -aupep (ecejof noceefeu ua cnoeeuekafa nposa op efopafa nonoeuua
ua ruuafuof eek, na c po peuec co noceeu akueuf ua ropuuufe ua nperuuof
op epuuof kou ppyruof eek) unu cara pa (ce) uefar uus cfpauuuufe ua cnoee-
uekafa kpafka nposa (rucnar ua ouaa rakepoucka eepsuja ufo eeke ja cnore-
uae, a usnese nop uacnoe eo 2008 ropuua, noefopuo kako
uspauue ua , nop pupureufckafa nanka ua -au-
pep) u pa ucupfyear/ucupfar uekoja ceoja reorpaqcka kapfa. 3aufo
, ocoeuo ako foj cyporaf e noycneuuo useepeu pypu u
op carafa peanuocf, kako ufo e eo cnoreuafuof ecej ua Mufja -aupep.
Hera ruory pasnuku rery nafyeanefo u ufanefo. Bcyuuocf, no carafa
ceoja cyufuua foa e epua ucfa paofa. Rafuukof ufa uus npepenufe, rpapo-
eufe, ufafenof nafyea uus pepoeufe, cnukufe, sopoeufe. 3a nuckocfa rery
nafyeanefo u ufanefo sopyeaaf u oeue eceu, ocoeuo sa ouaa uueua nuc-
kocf ufo ce poueyea forau kora oeekof ocypeu ua caruof cee
(-aupep, 2009:
13).

:

BENSMAA, Rda, 1987: The Barthes Effect, the ssay as Reflective Text. Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota Press.
E4THMOCKA, Tafjaua E., 2009: ( ).
Ckonje: 4unonouku qakynfef .
EPSTEIN, Joseph, 1997: Introduction. The Norton Book of Personal Essays. New York:
W.W. Norton & Company.
ERLTEJH, Muxaun, 1997: . Eeorpap: Hapopua knura-Anqa.
KORDIc, Radoman, 2000. Autobiografsko pripovedanje. Beograd: Narodna knjiga-Alfa.
LOPATE, Phillip, 1995: ed. Art of Personal Essay: an Anthology from the Classical Era to
the Present. New York: Anchor Books.
LUKIc, Jasmina, 2001: Metaproza: itanje anra. Beograd: Stubovi kulture.
MONTENJ, Miel de, 1977: Ogledi. Beograd: Rad.
YFPELHK, ypaeka, 2002: . Ckonje: Curranpec.
-AHEP, Mufja, 2009: . Ckonje: Kynfypua ycfauoea EPECOK.
BPAYLHT, Cnoopau, 2007: . 3penauuu: Aropa.
www.blesok.com.mk

116






A COVERT MOVE
(or How Mitja Chander is interpreted in Macedonian)

Vesna Mojsova epievska

(Summary)


Postmodernism together with its quoting power, its patchwork, i.e. hodge-
podge quality, its palimpsest, its pastiche is the perfect period for the blossoming
of the essay as a cultural event. This paper attempts to deal with the different
interpretations that are presented by the self-recognized, apocalyptic intellectual
Mitja Chander in the collection of essays A Covert Move, translated into
Macedonian.

117


821.162.1-2:792
82.0
Hseopeu uayeu fpyp



,



-
. ,


: , ,
key words: Witold Gombrowicz, theatre, Yvonne, Princess of Burgundy


oruuaufua foka eo auanusafa ua peuenuujafa ua , -

1
eo Makepouuja e euuuknonepuckafa koucfafauuja peka eo feopeu-
feofo ua Forpoeu cfou ofkpufuefo ua pee euepruu kou ja ofeuyeaaf cnoo-
pafa ua oeekof noepuueu, kou ce cnpofuecfaeyeaaf ua uckouckafa oeekoea
ena pa ce nofeppu kako noepuueeu eufufef: cunafa co koja oeekof ro sapo-
yea ppyruof oeek u cunafa koja ro epaka oeekof eo ueroeofo concfeeuo (uu-
qaufunuo) ruuafo. Rpeafa e rackafa koja uu ja cfaeaaf ppyrufe u, ua uaue
eypoueeupyeane, u upeufuqukyeaaf co uea, popeka efopafa cuna e curo-
nof ua uauafa eeua uespenocf u uuqaufunuocf.(Pranjic and Flaker, 1975:222)
Rpauanefo ufo ce nocfaeyea fyka e: panu efopafa cuna (sapuukof, kako ufo
ja uapekyea Forpoeu), panu, suau, foj curon ua uauafa uuqaufunuocf,
ropa pa upe cuna koja e pefporpapua, cnpeyeaka, uerafueua; cuna
koja ja nonpeyea oeekoeafa cnoopa. Auanusafa ua peuenuujafa ua ,
eo Makepouuja ke fpea pa ro pape oproeopof ua oea npa-
uane.
Bo rafepujanof ufo cnepu, fepruuof ynofpeeu eo uacnoeof,
e kopucfeu eo crucna eo koja ro ynofpeyea Xauc Poepf Jayc. Ce pasupa, co
uyuufe kopekuuu kou ru noppasupa urnnereufauujafa ua Jaycoeafa feopuja
eo epuo feafponouko ucfpayeane.
3a papeuuoe fekcf ue e op npurapuo suaene koucfafauujafa peka Jayc,
co uen pa ru ouoeu npekuuafufe epcku ua cerauuocfa co ruuafofo, ce sasera
sa uoea refoponoruja ua ucfopujafa ua nufepafypafa, koja ke ro uapruue eo
foa epere (kpajof ua ueeceffufe ropuuu ua ruuafuof eek - M. R.) saocfpeuuof
kouqnukf rery qopranucfukafa u rapkcucfukafa kpufuka. (Biti, 1997:335)
Meryfoa, sa oea ucfpayeane, op npurapuo suaene e saeneukafa ua Jayc

1
Heoua, kueruna ypryupcka ua Bufonp Forpoeu e useepeua ua cueuafa ua parckuof
feapaf eo Ckonje ua 16 jyuu 1984. Peuja: Bnapurup Ueefauoecku.
118
-
peka ecfefukafa ua peuenuujafa ue roe pa npefeupupa ua paurof ua aefo-
uorua refopcka napapurra. Ecfefukafa ua peuenuujafa ue e aefouorua akcu-
orcka pucuunnuua, carosapoeonua eo peuaeanefo ua ceoufe nponeru, fyky
e napuujanua refopcka peqnekcuja, nopoua sa uaprpapa u ynafeua ua copa-
ofka. (Jaus, 1978:350)
Bakeafa ua ecfefukafa ua peuenuujafa ofeopa epua sua-
ajua feopefcka rouocf - ecfefukafa feopuja, koja ce opuecyea ua nufepafy-
pafa u ua nufepafypuofo peno, pa ce urnnereufupa eo npoyyeanefo ua fea-
fapof, opuocuo refoponouku pa ce ynofpeu eo feafponorujafa. ofonky noee-
ke ufo ecfefukafa ua peuenuujafa eo ceojafa napuujanuocf ce coenara co cos-
uauuefo peka uufy cfpykfypafa ua yrefuukofo peno, uufy ucfopujafa ua yref-
uocfa ue roaf pa ce cqafaf kao cyncfauuuja unu eufenexuja.

(Jaus,
1978:351)
Rpuqakanefo ua napuujanuocfa u/unu penafueuafa aefouoruja ua
yrefuocfa, ro eopaf Jayc po fpu nponercku foku: peuenuujafa u pejcfeyea-
nefo; fpapuuujafa u cenekuujafa u eupokpyrof ua oekyeauofo u koryuukafue-
uafa qyukuuja.
Onpepenyeajku ja peuenuujafa u pejcfeyeanefo, Jayc noara op cfaeof
peka kapakfepof ua penofo e puuaruka cfpykfypa, koja e pesynfaf ua koueep-
reuuujafa ua fekcfof u peuenuujafa. Bo foj cnyaj, eenu Jayc, pejcfeyeanefo
osuayea enereuf ycnoeeu op fekcfof, a peuenuujafa op appecafof ycnoeeu
enereuf ua koukpefusauuja unu cospaeane ua fpapuuujafa. ejcfeyeanefo ua
epuo yrefuuko peno npefnocfaeyea noffukuyeane (unu spaene) op cfpaua
ua fekcfof, uo u pucnosuuuja (unu yceojyeane), op cfpaua ua appecafof. (Jaus,
1978:352)
Ha oeoj uauu poarare po uufepecuofo npauane sa qoprafa u crucna-
fa: enofo op ruuafofo c yufe ueufo uu kayea saufo , cqafeua
kako kapakfep ua yrefuocfa koj ja uapruuyea npakfuuafa qyukuuja ua ceepo-
ene sa oppepeuo epere, oeosroyea , cqafeuo kako urnnuuufeu
roeop, pa (nopenekon M.R.) u ua foj uauu coepereuo, uesa-
eucuo op nporeuufe eo eperefo. (Jaus, 1978:353) Hreuo, ofeopeuocfa ua sua-
enefo, op acnekf ua Jaycoeafa feopuja ua peuenuujafa, e enereuf koj oeosro-
yea op feafponouku acnekf pa ja ucfpayeare peuenuujafa ua ... eo
Makepouuja.
Tesafa sa ofeopeuocfa ua suaenefo ua fekcfof ue e uufy uoea uufy
uenosuafa. Bo parkufe ua Jaycoeofo feppene ce eknonyea u Eapfoeafa uera
sa opuocof jasuk-ojekf/refajasuk. Koueuo, u Makc Xeprau, ro kopucfu usppa-
sof das Theaterstck, osuayeajku ro ouoj pparcku rafepujan koj, ruory nopou-
ua, Au Hepcqenp ke ro pequuupa npeky onpepena sa fekcfyanuu rafpuuu
ua npefcfaeyeakofo

*
* *

Roarajku op ropuufe feopefcku npefnocfaeku, kou peuenuujafa ua -
... eo Makepouuja, ke npujpere ua kornapafueeu uauu. Op epua cfpaua, npe-
ky pekoucfpykuujafa ua koukpefuafa npefcfaea - useepeua eo parckuof fea-
fap, eo peuja ua Bnapurup Ueefauoecku, ke ja pefepruuupare koukpefuafa
peuenuuja. Hcfoepereuo, ke ja uckopucfure u ofeopeuocfa ua fekcfof ua peu-
119
, ...
cepof, na pesynfafufe poueuu op pekoucfpykuujafa ua koukpefuafa npefcfaea
ke ru cnopepure co concfeeuafa peuenuuja ua npefcfaeafa, sa pa ro pouere
oproeopof ua npauanefo nocfaeeuo ua noefokof ua rafepujanoe: panu efopa-
fa cuna (sapuukof, kako ufo ja uapekyea Forpoeu), panu suau, foj curon
ua uauafa uuqaufunuocf, ropa pa upe cuna koja e pefporpapua, cnpe-
yeaka, uerafueua; cuna koja ja nonpeyea oeekoeafa cnoopa.
Peucepof Bnapurup Ueefauoecku, peknapafueuo, eo nporparafa ua
npefcfaeafa, ro sasera cfaeof, nusok po uufepnpefauujafa ua aefopof:
Heoua, kueruna ypryupcka op Forpoeu, ce oupoere pa ja npoufa-
re kako pasofkpueane ua epeu ceef, usrpapeu eps ferenufe ua nauafa naro-
cocfoja, eps perarorujafa. 3afeopeu eo kaqesof ua concfeeuafa usrara,
kpanckuof peop eo Heoua nouyea pa ru npenosuaea ceoufe rpeeoeu u faa cfa-
uyea uueua ueucfa coeecf, ornepano ua eucfuuafa eo koe cekoj e npuuypeu pa
ro eupu ceoefo eucfuucko nuue, pa ja npenosuae concfeeuafa uespenocf. Ou
eo ou co Heoua, c cfauyea creuuo, rnynaeo ueeosrouo, saufo faa e cyu-
fecfeo, qpneuo eo ceef koj ue ro pasupa.
2

Forpoeu, ua cnueu uauu ja ojacuyea ...:
... Tparukoruuafa ucfopuja ua nuecafa Heoua kueruna ypryupcka
roe pa upe npefcfaeeua co uekonky sopoeu. Rpuuuof 4unun, uacnepuuk ua
fpouof, ua npouefka ja cpefuyea Heoua, faa uenpueneua peeojka, opepafua,
uecracua anafuua, cnaa, cparenuea, spopeeua, nnaunuea... Heoua e eoee-
peua eo kpanckuof peop kako cepueuuua ua kuesof, a uerofo, ucnnaueuo npu-
cycfeo ua uejsuuufe pasnuuu peqekfu, poeepyea po cufyauuja eo koja ua cekoj
ry poaraaf ua yr concfeeuufe karyqnupauu uepocfafouu, ueucfofuu, snoc-
fopcfea... H cekoe op oeue ypoeuufa, ue ucknyyeajku ro kuesof, nouyea pa
puue co ep sa yucfeo ua ueusppnueafa npuuuesa. eopof ua kpajof ru ro-
unusupa cufe ceou necouu u, op eucouua, ja yuea.

(Hcfo.)
Cufyauujafa, ce uuu, e jacua: eo opuocof peucep-aefop pejcfeyeanefo
(koe, uenu, e ycnoeeuo op fekcfof, eo uauuof cnyaj op pparckuof rafepujan)
u peuenuujafa (ako kako appecaf ce sere peucepof) ce noknonyeaaf. Ho...
Ho, eeke eo cnepuuof nacyc, Ueefauoecku uypu eapujaufa ua pe-
uenuuja ua pparckuof rafepujan:
Epuucfeeuo kuesof, kopucfejku ja ceojafa uuqaufunua crenocf pa ue ru
npuqaka ueufafa ouaka kako ufo ry ce uypaf, npaeu oup pa ja noepu con-
cfeeuafa uespenocf.

(Hcfo.)
Huqaufunuocfa, kaj Ueefauoecku, ua foj uauu, cfauyea u npuuua u
cpepcfeo: uuqaufunufefof ua Kuesof ja poeepyea Heoua eo kpanckuof peop;
ucfoepereuo, uuqaufunufefof, opuocuo uuqaufunuafa crenocf e uauuof ua
opa npofue foj ucf uuqaufunufef. Cueuafa ua nojaeyeanefo ua Heoua u fef-
kufe ke nororue eo poojacuyeanefo ua oeoj cfae ua peucepof.
Cera e nofpeuo uakpafko pa ro pekoucfpyupare cueuckuof npocfop. ej-
cfeuefo ce opeueano eo cnupana koja ja onkpyyeana uenafa cueua.
3
Op cpe-

2
Bnapurup Ueefauoecku, eo nporparafa ua npefcfaeafa, Apxue ua parckuof feafap,
Ckonje
3
Peueuseufufe ua npefcfaeafa, cnupanuafa qopra ua Mycfaqa Acur ja fonkyeaaf pasnuuo
- kako safeopeu kpyr, unu kaqes, eo koj e crecfeu ceefof ua naru u peraroruu... (Punjaua
Masoea, Hus uckpueu kpyr, Hoea Makepouuja, Ckonje, 19 jyuu 1984); cueuorpaquja koja ue
eue ynafeua kou perucfpupane ua oppepeua cueua unu uacfau, fyky eue noppepeua ua
ucfakuyeane ua euafpeuuafa upeja ua npefcfaeafa (Heau Heauoecku, ua nporparafa ua
Papuo Ckonje, es pafyr, uceokof ce yea eo apxueof ua parckuof feafap); po
120
-
puufefo ua cueuafa, no nofpea, ce nopuran caupak. Ce urpano u cau-
pakof, koj eo saeucuocf op cueuafa, uran pasuu qyukuuu. Mafepujanof ua cue-
uorpaqujafa nofcefyean ua refan, ua narapuua, kako ufo ce eenu eo peueu-
suufe sa npefcfaeafa. Bo sapuuuafa une nocfaeeuu nauoa kou, ucfo faka, cu-
rynupane refan.
4

Bpakajku ce ua cueuafa ua npeafa nojaea ua Heoua, eo peucepckuof
npurepok, no pennukafa ua Uupun: Co fefku u saeneukafa
, ufare: Ce reuyea afrocqepafa (ceefnocua). Manky ruc-
fuua rysuka, u uokaufua, eo noefokof, sa npuppya ua cueuafa op caupakof
op koj usueaaf apoeu. Ce nojaeyeaaf Heoua u fefkufe
5
Caupakof, eo fakea
afrocqepa, ce nopura. Bo uero ce Heoua u fefkufe. Bo fekof ua uenafa cueua
fue ce eo caupakof.
Cueuafa fee es uekou noroneru peucepcku uufepeeuuuu c po pennu-
kafa ua Kuesof: 3aufo, suaefe, rocnoruue, kora oeek ke Be eupu Bac.... Tyka,
Ueefauoecku saenean: Pacfene ua saypuocfa.
Ke ja sarpsuere fyka cueuafa sa pa eupure koj e Kuesof, eo fonkyeane-
fo ua Ueefauoecku, u ufo npaeu foj.
Bo npefcfaeafa ua Ueefauoecku, Kuesof e ua Heoua. Heoua
e cospauue ua Kuesof, faa e pesynfaf ua nofpeafa sa nypusar. Pypusrof, op
ppyra cfpaua, e usepuaeu co uuqaufunufefof ua Kuesof: Toj (Kuesof - M. R.)
caka pa cu urpa, a Heoua e cospapeua op ueroeafa pefcka rucna
6
Hucucfupa-
nefo ua eo akfepckafa urpa e fokry ouaa nofpea pa ce koucfpyupa
ceefof ua Kuesof, koj caka pa cu urpa, koj caka pa ja pacnyufu ceojafa uuqau-
funuocf.
7
Yufe uekonky nopafouu opaf eo kopucf ua npefnocfaekafa peka Heo-
ua e kpeauuja ua nypusrof ua Kuesof. Heoua, eo fonkyeanefo ua Peue enoea
ue e . Taa ue e opepafua, kako ufo u pekon Forpoeu. Hejsuuafa racka
ue uu npefcfaeyea rppofuja. Bcyuuocf, Peue enoea ua cueuafa ce nojaeyea
caro co ruuuranua racka. Ha cueuafa nynukafa rnepa kpeeko, ueuo, runo
cyufecfeo koe enoea ro npepaea npeky cfunusupauufe peuena, uus no-
kpuekafa ua ceojafa pyxoeua euepruja. Taa (enoea -M. R.) euecyea ueufo
qnyupuo eo urpafa.
8
3uau, kora cfauyea sop sa Heoua, ua epua cfpaua ro
urare fonkyeanefo ua aefopof (co koe, peknapafueuo, aper, eo aquuof, ce
cornacyea u peucepof) peka Kuerunafa ypryupcka e opepafua, uecracua
anafuua, cnaa, cparenuea, spopeeua, nnaunuea. Op ppyra cfpaua, nak, ja

nakouuuafa uo ce uuu uajfoua koucfafauuja sa ruorysuauocfa ua cueuorpaqujafa (Bau-
o Kapauqunoe, Eorafa npefcfaea, Ekpau, Ckonje, 29 jyuu 1984).
4
Pekoucfpykuujafa ua cueuorpaqujafa ce asupa ua ojacuyeanafa ua peucepof. 3a an,
apxueafa ua cueuorpaqof Mycfaqa Acur ue e pocfanua, a uufy epua uucfufyuuja, eknyy-
eajku ro u parckuof feafap eo Ckonje, ue sayeana qoforpaquu op npefcfaeafa!
5
Peucepcku npurepok ua Heoua, kueruna ypryupcka, op apxueafa ua Bnapurup Ueefa-
uoecku.
6
Op pasroeopof ufo ro eopeue aefopof co Bnapurup Ueefauoecku ua 15 anpun 2004 ropuua.
7
Kpufukafa faa nofpea sa nypusar ja cqafuna ranky nouuaky - kako cospaeane ua npef-
cfaea eo koja, uucucfupajku ua eucok cfeneu ua qopranusauuja, Ueefauoecku, npefcfaeafa
peucu uanonuo ja ucfu op c oua ufo roe pa nuu ua peanucfuuo fonkyeane ua
ueofof. Ceecuo unu nofceecuo, ja cepfyea kou couof, kou upeanuofo. (Punjaua Masoea...)
Ha kpufuapof ry npeu fakeafa kouuenuuja, na, saeneyeajku peka ... e feafap koj
feuko koryuuuupa co rnepaof, ro nocfaeyea npauanefo: soufo (foj u fakoe feafap - M.R.)
e npaeeu u kory ry e nofpeeu? (Ibid.). 3a eonja ua eucfuuafa, ce uuu peka kpufuapof ua
Hoea Makepouuja ue pokpaj uaeneron eo npefcfaeafa, co ornep ua nackaeufe oueuku ua
ppyrufe npocnepyeau ua nperuepafa, kou sa uea roeopaf eo cynepnafueu.
8
Refpe Eakeecku Ornepanofo ua Heoua, , Ckonje, 19 jyuu 1984, cfp. 11.
121
, ...
urare Heoua ua Peue enoea koja e qnyupua u runa. 3ayua? Rorpeuuo
fonkyeane ua akfepckafa urpa? Koufpapukuuja rery apanafa ua peucepof u
urpafa ua akfepof?
Oproeopof ua cufe oeue npauana, eo cornacuocf co cfaeof peka fonky-
eanefo ua yrefuukofo peno, nofouo: ua yrefuukofo peno, sa-
eucu op appecafof, cekako, eo uekoe feopefcko paruuufe, roe pa upe A.
Meryfoa, pokonky ce sappure ua kouuenuujafa ufo ja npepnarare, poueare
uufepecua cufyauuja, op acnekf ua opuocof peuenuuja-pejcfeyeane: peknapa-
fueuo, peuenuujafa u pejcfeyeanefo ce noknonyeaaf. Cenak, ce jaeyea oua uo,
koe norope uu ja npekuua rucnafa. Hreuo, Heoua, nukof usrpapeu op urpafa ua
Kuesof, pa upe Heoua, usrpapeua op qaufasujafa ua aefopof. Taa,
, runa u qnyupua, ueua u yaea. 3aufo faa e kpeauuja ua pefcka
urpa, faa e cospauue koe e koucfpyupauo eo pefckuof/nypucfukuof yr ua Kue-
sof. Taa e qaufasuja.
Yufe uekonky enereufu roaf pa ro nofkpenaf eakeuof cfae. Cnupanua-
fa koucfpykuuja, ue uajepuocfaeuo u konokeujanuo fonkyeane e kaqesof, ro-
e pa ce pasrnepyea u kako orpapa eo koja e crecfeu ceefof ua Kuesof. Bo foj
ceef, pouekape orpapeu (ue pokpaj, cnupanafa urana ofeop op pecuafa cfpaua)
op uapeopeuuufe enujauuja, ce opeuea Hrpafa ua Kuesof, opuocuo npukasuafa
sa Heoua. Bo foa pefcko urpanuufe ce efypuyeaaf eospacuufe, pas-
ueajku ja urpafa, ucfoepereuo u cfurynupajku ro c nopnaokofo uaeneryea-
ne eo qaufasujafa. Fpauuuufe, cekako, ce naaeu, uo cenak - rpauuuu ce. Bnpo-
er, nouekorau ce naaeu u rpauuuufe ua urpafa u peanuocfa.
Cfunof ua npefcfaeafa, eoonufo, kako u cfpereof sa cfunusupane ua
akfepckafa urpa, ucfenefo ua peanucfuuufe enereufu eo uspasof, na pypu u
saeneukafa ua npocnepyeaof ua npefcfaeafa sa feukafa koryuukauuja ua
feafapof co rnepaof,
9
ro saokpyyea fonkyeanefo (yufe epuau: epuo op ro-
uufe fonkyeana) sa nypucfukuof kapakfep ua peucepoeafa sarucna. Bnpo-
er, peanuu nu ce cekorau pefckufe urpu? Moere nu pa ru pasepere ceko-
rau? Moere nu pa enesere eo pefckafa urpa u pa koryuuuupare co uue, oc-
eeu ako ue cfauere, sa rur, u uue peua?
Bo parkufe ua oeoj pen ocfauyea caro yufe epua onpepena - oproeopof
ua npauanefo ufo npefcfaeyea Heoua. Koe e suaenefo ua nukof/curonof
ufo nukof ro uocu.
Rocnepuafa cueua, eepojafuo uajeaua eo npefcfaeafa, paea poeonuo
rafepujan sa uekonky saknyoka.
Ro pennukafa ua Kpanof: Ajpe! He roeu pa cfouu car kora cufe uue
kneure. u perapkafa , cnopep pparckuof rafepujan, ce
cnyufa saeecafa. Bo uucnuuueufckuof npurepok ua npefcfaeafa ce ojacuyea
ufo ce cnyyea no quuanuafa pennuka ua Kpanof.
Ofkako Kuesof ke knekue, ceefnofo ce uaranyea, oceeu peqnekfopof koj
ja oceefnyea Heoua. Macafa ua koja ce opeuea eeepafa ce fpaucqoprupa eo
caupak eo koj ce uaora Heoua. Taa cfauyea, ce racaf cufe okonuu ceefna, oceeu
ceefnofo koe neckaeo ja oceefnyea Kuerunafa ypryupcka. Hera rysuka, Heo-
ua cu urpa co knonefo op npeafa cueua co fefkufe. Tuuuua, ce racu ceefnofo,
saeeca.
10



9
Punjaua Masoea...
10
Hucnuuueufcku npurepok ua Heoua, kueruna ypryupcka, op apxueafa ua parcku
feafap, Ckonje.
122
-
Bo oeaa cueua, uajppacfuuo ce rnepa pasnukafa rery pejcfeyeanefo u
peuenuujafa, rery aefopoeuof fekcf u fekcfof ua peucepof. Op epua cfpaua,
Ueefauoecku, fonkyeajku ja Heoua kako Bucfuuafa,
11
ce ponuyea po kouuen-
uujafa ua Forpoeu, uo, ucfoepereuo, npaeu ucekop uapeop op faa kouuen-
uuja, ocfaeajku ja Kuerunafa ypryupcka (es ornep co kakeo suaene ke ro ua-
nonuure curonof) uenoepeua, uepfeyeaua. Bnpoer, noefopuafa qaufas-
raropuua nojaea ua Heoua ua kpajof ua npefcfaeafa ja npoponyea nuuujafa
ua fonkyeanefo ua pparckuof rafepujan sa koja sopyeaere norope. Epuocfae-
uo, ue roe pa ce yuuufu, ue roe pa ce yue qaufasujafa ua Kuesof, kpeauu-
jafa ua ueroeuof yr.
Oea u eopu po cnepuafa qasa op ucfpayeanefo ua peuenuujafa ua
... eo Makepouuja. ocera, sopyeaere sa opuocof peuenuuja-pejcfeyea-
ne kora cfauyea sop sa pparckuof rafepujan ua Forpoeu u peucepof, eo
koj peucepof eue appecaf. Hcfoepereuo, fpruyeajku op npupopafa ua fea-
fapckafa yrefuocf, peucepof ce jaeyea kako aefop, a appecaf e nynukafa,
unu, eo oeoj cnyaj fonkyeaof/pekoucfpykfopof ua npefcfaeafa. Bo faa cruc-
na, uu ocfauyea pa ro pequuupare suaenefo ua Heoua, opuocuo, pa ro uanon-
uure co suaene curonof Heoua. Rpeuuofo ufane ua foj curon e Bucfu-
uafa. Bucfuuafa koja nyrefo ue cakaaf pa ja npuqafaf, koja kaj uue npepuseuky-
ea arpecueuocf u snoa. Ees ornep panu faa Bucfuua e peanua, unu cospapeua
op Kuesof.
Rpouupyeajku ro nouafary fonkyeanefo, npaeo ufo uu ro paea ofeope-
uocfa ua cekoj fekcf, u qyukuujafa ua appecaf, pa noapare uoeu suaena eo
Heoua.
Kpufukafa, rnaeuo, ja npuqaka Heoua kako Bucfuuafa, kako nocfof koj
npupouecyea uenuof foj naeu ceef ua usraruuuu, yujuu u uufpuraufu eo
uea pa ja cornepa ceojafa usepfeua coeecf.
12
Hepenuukof ura cnueu
cfae: npefcfaeafa ocfaea no uekoja ropnuea uka npu nopouueuufe pas-
rucnyeana sa oeekof kou ppyrufe u kou caruof ceecu. Rpeuusuo, co fouo
oppepeuu cnuku u pejcfeuja, foj ycneea op fekcfof pa ja usenee ouaa rucna
ufo uero ro uufepecupa: pasofkpueane ua epeu ceef usrpapeu eps ferenufe
ua nauafa narococfoja.
13
3a ceef ua naru u peraroruja roeopu u -
, uo eo oeoj cnyaj npocnepyeaof crefa peka uuuja crpf ue roe pa
ofkynu ueue pacnarane.
14

Hra yufe epeu enereuf ua npefcfaeafa koj ke uu nororue pa ja saokpy-
ure auanusafa ua opuocof peuenuuja-pejcfeyeane eo , -
: kornapafueuofo npocnepyeane ua cueuafa kora Heoua npe naf ce noja-
eyea u ua cueuafa kora Kuerunafa ypryupcka ce nojaeyea nocnepeu naf. Hre-
uo, peefe cueuu uraaf pea saepuuku enereufa - knonefo u caupakof.
Bo npeafa cueua, Heoua ro ppu knonefo eonuuua popeka peefe fefku
nnefaf
15
. Bo nocnepuafa cueua, eo roreufof kora ce nopura op caupakof, faa
urpa co knonefo.
16
Tpruyeajku op fesafa sa cneuuquuafa ynora ua parkafa
eo kornosuuujafa ua yrefuukofo peno sa koja sopyeaaf Jypuj Pofrau u Eopuc

11
Op pasroeopof ufo ro eopeue aefopof co Bnapurup Ueefauoecku ua 15 anpun 2004
ropuua.
12
Refpe Eakeecku...
13
Bauo Kapauqunoe...
14
Punjaua Masoea...
15
Hucnuuueufcku npurepok...
16
Ibid.
123
, ...
Ycneucku, (Lotman, 1982, Uspenski, 1982)
17
nojaeafa ua knonefo eo noefuafa
u saepuuafa cueua op ersucfupanefo ua Heoua ua cueuafa/feafapof, roe pa
ce fonkyea kako oppepyeaku enereuf sa uejsuuofo suaene.
Bo npeafa cueua op nojaeafa ua Heoua, knonefo e noroueu enereuf eo
cospaeanefo ua cnnefeua cfpykfypa, suau cfpykfypa koja a priori e pauuouan-
ua, cfporo oppepeua u koja ce nofuuyea ua cfporu kauouu u npaeuna (nnefe-
nefo ua fefkufe). Rpeqpneua eo parkufe ua pparckuof rafepujan, oeaa cfpyk-
fypa e cfpykfypafa ua pauuouanuuof, kauouusupau, onpepeneu u safoa cno-
koeu ueof ua eopof. Bakeafa cfpykfypa ua peopckuof ueof ja uarnacyea u
peujafa koja eo npefcfaeafa euecyea cfunusauuja ua eusaufuckufe peopcku
kauouu, cfporu npaeuna ua opuecyeane ua uapurpapckuof peop.
18
Meryfoa,
noefopnueocfa ua kauouufe u cfporuof pep npupouecyeaaf sa uueua perpapa-
uuja u ycnoeyeaaf ucesuyeane ua feopekuof nofeuuujan.
Bo nocnepuafa cueua, kora Heoua cfauyea op caupakof u e epuucfeeuuof
oceefneu nuk, faa urpa co knonefo. Knonefo, cera ocnoopeuo op pepof ufo
ro uarefuyea nnefueofo, cfauyea suaaeu curon ua feopekafa cnoopa, no-
epa ua urpueuof npuuuun, npuuuunof ua nypusrof.
Cera urare poeonuo rafepujan pa oproeopure ua npauanefo op noe-
fokof ua rafepujanoe: panu uauafa uuqaufunuocf, ropa pa upe cuna
koja e pefporpapua, cnpeyeaka, uerafueua; cuna koja ja nonpeyea oeekoeafa
cnoopa. Op acnekf ua fonkyeanefo ufo ro nouypuere, cfauyea jacuo peka pe-
uenuujafa ua , serajku ro Ueefauoecku kako appe-
caf, e pasnuuo op pejcfeyeanefo ua fekcfof ua Forpoeu. Hsepuayeajku ja
uuqaufunuocfa co nypusrof opuocuo co kpeafueuocfa, Ueefauoecku, oeoj naf
uar, ua ucnepyeaufe, uu uypu fekcf, opuocuo pejcfeyeane ua fekcfof ua npef-
cfaefa, cfaeajku u uac eo ynora ua appecaf koj fpea pa ja pequuupa concfee-
uafa peuenuuja.




BITI, V. 1997. Pojmovnik suvremene knjievne teorije, Zagreb, Matica hrvatska.
JAUS, H. R. 1978. Estetika recepcije, Beograd, Nolit.
LOTMAN, J. 1982. Struktura umetnikog teksta, Beograd, Nolit.
PRANJIC, K. & FLAKER, A. 1975. Povjest svjetske knjievnosti, Zagreb, Mladost.
USPENSKI, B. 1982. Poetika kompozicije, Semiotika ikone, Beograd, Nolit.

17
Cnopep Pofrau, noefokof e sareua sa npuuuckafa kaferopuja (ru ojacuyea npuuuufe), a
kpajof e ofeopeu sa fonkyeane, ufo ce coenara co pocerauuuof npuuuun npureuef eo
rafepujanoe. Ycneucku nak, ja rnepa parkafa kako ropyc npeky koj ce opeuea nperuuof op
peanuuof eo ycnoeuuof ceef.
18
Bo pasroeopof co aefopof, Bnapurup Ueefauoecku uanorua peka eo noprofoekufe sa
npefcfaeafa ru npoyyean fue kauouu u peka ru npureuyean eo npoekfof.
124






GOMBOROVICH IN MACEDONIA

Mishel Pavlovski

(Summary)

The material related to the reception of Ivona in Macedonia takes two
different approaches. On one hand, through the reconstruction of the actual play,
performed by the Drama Theater and directed by Vladimir Cvetanovski, it
determines the concrete reception. At the same time it uses the openness of the
directors text, and the results received from the reconstruction of the play itself to
compare the possible reception of the play. Through such an approach, the
following question is answered: must the second power (the behind, as
Gomborovich terms it), as a symbol of our infantility, necessarily be a power that is
retro-gradable, preventive, negative; a power that hampers human freedom. The
text offers the thesis that the reception of Ivona kneginja burgundska, with
Cvetanovski as the receiving end, is different from the action provided within the
text of Gomborovich. By making infantility an equal to craziness, or in other words,
to creativity, Cvetanovski offers the viewer the possibility do define their own
reception.

125


111.1:316.346.2-055.2
Hseopeu uayeu fpyp




( )


-
. ,


: ,, , , , ,
cyborg ,, , .
key words: discourse, power, feminism, destruction, deconstruction, subject, cyborg
philosophy, body, genderness, culture etc.


Epuau peknapupauo kako yuueepsanua eucfuua, saepuuufeofo ua
cekcof, popof u cekcyanuocfa cfaua ynfurafueua cfpaferuja ua enapeene,
uucfufyuuouanusupaua eo qopru kako ufo ce cerejcfeofo, pakof,
xefepocekcyanuocfa u xorocekcyanuocfa kako uejsuuu ueufpanuu
uucfpyreufu. (Foucault, 1997: 72)

Uypuf Eafnep ro npuqaka 4ykooeuof apryreuf peka cekcyanuocfa e
pesynfaf ua puckypcof u ro npouupyea eo uufepec ua popof sa pa ro epafu
popof eo ueufapof ua ekcnnopauuufe, popuuof upeufufef kaferopujafa eua pa
roe pa upe asa sa nonufukuof qeruuusar. (Spargo, 2001: 52)


:

Ekcnnopusauuufe ua Mapfuu Xajperep, ynafyeaaf ua nourof Dasein co
upfuka norery koucfufyeufufe Da u Sein, sa pa ce osuau ekcnnopusupauuof
npouec pa ce uaorau fary (fyka). Da - sein e uap peanuocfa, e rouocfa cara
no cee, rouocfa sa pasnuuu ruoufea ua ersucfeuuujafa. (Invood, 2008:35)
Hrnpecuouusrof ua Ron Cesau peroucfpupa nopeuuocf ua ojekfufe ako
npakfukyeare nopeuua nepuenuuja. Cnukafa (1910)
ua Rano Rukaco, suau uaprpapa / ecfefcka eufponuja sa feopujafa ua eapu-
jaunuocfa u cfaunuocfa ua Cesau. Kyusrof co pexyrauusauujafa / oeekof
ceepeu ua reorefpuja, cuufesa npocfop nuk, ro peroucfpupa akfueof peka o-
eekof ue e ueufo noceuo eo cfeapuocfa, opuocuo kaferopujafa ueoppepeuocf
suau cyufuua ufo ce npefeopa eo ersucfeuuuja. ecfpykuujafa u pekoucfpyk-
uujafa ja nokpeuyeaaf pekoucfpykfueucfukafa noruka, apaaf op ucfopujafa
oeekof pa ce npenosuuuouupa. Rpeky ueroeafa enucferuonoruja / eepcuquka-
uuckafa feopuja ua suaenefo sa pasnukyeane ua eucfuuckofo op nauofo, Mu-
126
-
uen 4yko ru ofkpuea ouue cnoeeu (ucfopucku ceecuo unu ueceecuo ea ckpue-
uu) ufo ro koucfufyupaaf upeufufefof ua couuerof.
Bo uufepakuujafa yrefuocf, rok u suaene 4yko ja oppepyea yrefuocfa
kako refa enucferuua / aneropuja ua pnauuckufe cfpykfypu ufo ofkpueaaf
suaene. Hufepnpefauujafa ua cnukafa ua Rukaco (1907)
op cfpaua ua 4yko suau pa ce saeneyeaaf cfpykfypuufe cnpofueuocfu:
rauka uapuucoupuocf, rauka peqoprupauocf ua ecfefckufe qurypu fenafa
u rpauuuafa rery nonoeufe u qyukuuouanuocf ua pyrofo. eqoprupauocfa /
acurefpuuocfa ua qurypufe, ynafyea ua ucknyeuocf, ua uuqepuopuocf. Bo
koufekcf ua nocfropepuuof qeruuusar, koukpefuo qyukuuouanua pasrucnafa
ua Puc Hpurape peka ua euafa ue u uno papeuo recfo eo ucfopujafa eua-
fa kako eeua ppyra.
Tu cu eeufuua, ofu co raruja ru ro cranu nnopunofo, a fu cfaua rone-
ra, pecefnafu noronera op raof ceoj...eeufepke epua, popof ru ro cranu, a
japeu op rojafa neuuua...eee fu epeka karena, pop u nopop feoj, ufo ke ru
runyeau!...a foj u cfaeu kareu okony epafof u faa, kyfpafa, ro raneue epofo
ceoe, kareu cfypeu...H nofer Paxena ckokua eo pekafa co kareuof ceoj. (Aupo-
uoecku, 2007: 186)
Xeuu ce, Anu Raua, euu ce...Taja uok ru safeopuja uecuaecef euu
saepuo co 4pocuua, eo epeu cfap rauacfup ua epeu ocareu ocfpoe. Yfpepeufa
nouufe euu ke upaf ucqpneuu eo pnaokofo u cfypeuofo esepo. Anu Raua
uako car uapepun oeuuefufe euu pa ce noryaf, cenak pnaoko eo cee no-
cakyeaue 4pocuua pa ce cnacu, uako cqafu peka 4pocuua eue epuucfeeuafa
cuna koja ue roeue pa ja nocepyea. Cunuafa ypa ua esepofo, ueroeofo puee-
ne ru nporonfa euckufe fpynoeu. Taa uok eo Jauuua uapyeaue yacof u crpf-
fa. (Meksi, 2001: 191)
Hpurape eepyeaue eo oufonoukafa ocuoea ua nonoeufe pasnuku u ce sa-
naraue sa pepequuupane ua naparefpufe ua cyjekfueuocfa eua pequuu-
paua / eucku pop.
Eceuuujanuofo eepyeane eo oufonoukufe pasnuku e nonufuka cfpafe-
ruja koja ura sa uen pa ja uaeepe cneuuquuocfa ua euckafa cyjekfueuocf,
cekcyanuocf u uckycfeo, popeka ce ocypyea norukafa ua nonoeafa uupuqepeu-
uujauuja ua qanoroueufpuuuof puckypc...Xeuafa kako ppyrafa nonoeuua ua
raof, ura nofpea pa ja ucfpayea uajnpeo concfeeuafa noepsauocf co ppy-
rufe euu, co ceojof pop. (Epaupofu, 2002: 189)
3uau, reuepafueuuof cyjekf eo parkufe ua npoponeuuof puckypc e ue-
cfauneu, koufpapukfopeu u eeonyfueeu. Cyjekfof reuepupa, ce cospaea eo
epeu couuokynfypeu, ucfopucku u uufepnepcouaneu koufekcf. Bo qyukuuja
queer-feopujafa, koja ru eknyyea upeufe, op nocfcfpykfypanucfukufe feopuu
ua Xak Pakau u ueroeufe ncuxoauanufuku ropenu ua peueufpanusauujafa, ue-
cfaunuuof, upeufufef ua Xak epupa u ueroeufe pekoucfpykfueucfuku u-
uapuu u kouuenfyanuu jasuuu cfpykfypu u cekako 4ykooeuof ropen ua puckyp-
cof, rokfa u suaenefo. Cufe upeu ce eo qyukuuja ua kpusafa ua upeufufefof,
koja eeufo ke upe uckopucfeua op qeruuucfkafa Uypuf Eafnep eo kuurafa
Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identits (1990), eo koja ke ja
pauu fesafa peka popof ue e kouuenfyaneu unu kynfypeu xporosorcku popa-
fok (ufo qeruuusrof eeke ro oppepun), fyky puckypcueua npakfuka cfpykfypu-
paua npeky kouuenfof ua xefepocekcyanuocfa kako uopra ua oeekuof opuoc.

127

/ :

3a pekoucfpykfueucfufe eo carafa cyufuua nocfou nourof pasnuuocf
(differance). Ce noeukyear ua ncuxoauanusafa ua Pakau,
pyruof eo cyufuua ue e uuufo, oceeu ucf cyjekf ua ropepuufe cfpa-
feruu ua urpafa / cencfeo npoekuuja ua rouufe koruuafopuku. (Eko, 1999: 8)
Teopujafa ua urpafa ce uaora fary kape ufo uera jacua pequuupaua
cfpykfypa. Hpejafa ua peeceuuujanusauujafa cyrepupa ua urpafa / ua oeekof u
ceefof kako eckpajuo urpoeuo none ua uufepnpefauuu. Epua koufuuyupaua
nofpara npeky xaprouucka npoekuuja ua usryeuufe / epereucku npouseonuufe
penoeu sa oppepyeane ua eeuafa euurra - pekoucfpykuuja ua ersucfeuuuja-
neu npocfop. Rofparafa no peeceuuujanusauujafa suau nofpara no eupfyenua-
fa foka ua oppepeua reorefpucka qurypa eo koja cufe pasnuku, cufe pucnep-
suu, cufe puckoufuuyufefu u ce coepuuyeane sa pa npoekfupaaf upeufufef ua
qurypafa. 3a epupa, carofo peuene ua pasnuuocf (differance), ja cospaea
urpafa, koja ue e epua urpa eo ceefof, fyky urpa ua ceefof. Herauuja ua re-
faqusukafa ua cfpykfypafa / oufonouko pacnarane ua cfpykfypafa. Cfpykfypa-
fa e faa ufo c yufe ue nocfou, koja ce cospaea npeky npouecof op ueufuefo
kou ufuefo / npouecof uacfauyeane cyjekf.
Epuucfeeuuof eucfuucku upean ua uauefo epere e cnoopafa eeneue
Pajuep. Jac urar cnoopa pa usupar panu ke cfauar fafko unu ue. Tu urau
cnoopa pa usupau kako pa ue sapereuuu. (Cruneecku, 2007: 23)
Epua suaajua kornoueufa ua nocfcfpykfypanucfukafa auanusa ua puc-
kypcof e u nourof pasnuuocf. Rpoponeuafa cnpofuecfaeuocf norery pasnu-
uu kouuenuuu, uue ru npaeu qyukuuouanuu. Auanusafa ua crucnafa ru oppepy-
ea cnpofueuocfufe: euafa / uerauko ufue, raof ueeucko ufue. ekou-
cfpykuujafa noppasupa qyukuuja ua pasnuuocf: koufpanosuuuja u cnpofue-
uocf / cencfeo pasnuka. oruuaufuuof nour ua sanapua rucna qyukuuouupa
npeky unonapuufe knaceru: upeja / rafepuja, cnuuocf / pasnuuocf, sop /
nucro, eceuuuja / peeceuuuja, eua / ra, pyx / feno. ekoucfpykuujafa poka-
yea peka kynfypafa ce pequuupa eo opuoc ua npupopafa, ufuefo eo opuoc
ua uuufaeunofo, euafa eo opuoc ua raof. (Demir, 2006: 17) Bcyuuocf, pe-
koucfpykfueucfukofo ufane ro cospaea rerynpocfopof / cuufefusupauufe
upeu, pa ue ce pasrucnyea npeky cnpofueuocf, fyky norery uue (in between).
Hpejafa, peka ue nocfou uyua epcka norery auaforckafa cekcyanuocf u couu-
januafa e pasupnuea u qyukuuouanua.
Rpeuka: Bepa fe noapa sa ueeecfa cuuof ua Fouu...yae, jyuak u uey-
ropeu paofuuk; - Hufa: Ro koj naf fu eenar, fafko, peka cpuefo ue yecfeyea
papocf sa raene...Ropopo ucqpnu re eo rope; Rpeuka: Torau ue npeocfa-
uyea ppyra rouocf oceeu pa fe npornacure sa rauko. (Rela, 1983: 59)
4unosoqckuof puckypc ua Capfp, ke ro nopenu ufuefo ua fpu kafero-
puu: ufuefo eo cee, ufuefo sa uac u ufuefo sa ppyrufe. Kaferopujafa u-
fuefo sa ppyrufe / ppyrocfa urnnuuupa pasnuuocf, pekoucfpykuuja npeky pe-
koucfpykuuja, / peeceuuujanusauuja: euafa ue ce para, faa ce cospaea, ja cos-
paea concfeeuafa cyuuocf. Pucnekfap oppepyea, Xueofof eo reue ue ro uocu
roefo ure, jac ue e concfeeuuk ua nocfoenefo koe ro couuyea ufuefo. o-
konky foa jac ke ro npuqafu oea, foa jac roe pa cfaue eua ua cufe e-
uu u pa upe oproeopua sa uejsuuafa oeeuocf. (Epaupofu, 2002: 172) Cen-
cfeofo ce pepequuupa npeky pasrucnyeanefo. Xenafa pa ce cosuae, ja pepe-
128
-
quuupa qeruuucfukafa cyjekfueuocf. Rouryeanefo ua cencfeofo kako epuu-
cfeeu qeuoreu, kako safeopeua, uupueupyanua eapujana, ce sareuyea co no-
uryeanefo ua cencfeofo kako uufepcyjekfueuo / uufepnepcouanuo. Aufukap-
fesujaucka ceruofuka kouuenuuja ua cencfeofo sacuoeaua ua Rupcoeuof ro-
pen sa nukof kako npoponeu upeufufef e qyukuuouaneu, upejku cencfeofo
e penafueua nojaea eo ersucfeuuujanuuof npocfop ua kynfypuafa pasnuuocf.
M. Cuurep oppepyea, Jac... ue e upeufueu co noepuueuuof oprauusar... jac
roe pa upe noranky unu noeeke. (Epaupofu, 2002: 335) Oppepa: pasnukafa
eo cee kako peuene, kako uorapcku cyjekf, kako cencfeo-koucfpykuuja.
4yukuuouanua pequuuuujafa ua Cauppa Xappuur sa fpaucqoprauuja ua cen-
cfeofo, opuoeo usrucnyeane ua ceecu kako ppyra. (Epaupofu, 2002: 345)
Koufekcfyanuafa nparrafuka, euckuof qeruuucfuku cyjekf kako ruorykpa-
feu, ueorpauueu u euafpeuuo noepsau eufufef, kako pasnuka eo carafa eua /
npouec uacfauyeane cyjekf uorapcku cyjekf. Takoe nuk e Hufa.
Hufa: ru ja pape ecafa peka ke pojpe. My ja papoe ecafa peka ke ro
ekar u no ueuafa ua ueofof...Ox eoseuueu Focnope!.- Kora pojpe 3eq...He
roee pa ce eosppar...Mu ce ofeopu cpuefo...ru conekoe raukufe anuu-
fa...a eue sa oea re oeuuyeafe sa euuoeua...Ocypefe re, uo oea nyoe uuko-
rau uera pa roefe pa ja uckopuefe op reue, oceeu co cpuefo saepuo...Oea
re uafepa pa ce npornacar sa rauko; Mapky: Hufa ue ru usraru sakouufe, fyky
kpuejku ce sap uue, ja yeaue eefeuafa nyoe kou 3eq; Ceeufeuukof: Kako ue
e euuoeua, kora npep rocnop ja npornacuere sa rauko, a faa ja npekpuu eonja-
fa ua ceefafa upkea; Uaua: ee fpu ruuyfu npep pa ce caroyu...re saronu pa
ja ocfaear cara...Mu pee: Uaua cufe re oeuuyeaaf; Murku: Ja yuefe!...Ja
yuefe, pa ee yue Xpucfoc (Focnop). (Rela, 1983: 181)
Cnopep Mapkyse, pa ce ocnoopu euafa, foa suau pa ce ocnoopu o-
eekof. Cnopep Capfp, cekoj oeek ja cospaea concfeeuafa cyufuua.
Hrajku ru npepeup penofo ua 4yko u ua Eafnep, koukpefuo pekoucfpyk-
uujafa ua epupa npureuefa op Eafnep sa pekoucfpykuujafa / noepsauocfa ua
uenuof kouuenf ua cekcyanuuof upeufufef, Mapuo Repuuona ru akueufupa nou-
rufe ernupucko u qusuonouko u ru noepsyea co eucfeeuocfa / euckafa pas-
nuuocf u rppofo, opuocuo co qusuonoukuof opf. Tue npepuseukyeaaf eosue-
rupyeako u noppyro yecfeo koja spau u ofyryea, koja ue roe pa ce ceepe
nop rupuafa xaprouuja ua yaeafa ecfefuka...-yecfeeuocf koja e uapeopeuua
u koja ce opuecyea ua nonuuof eucku oprau. (Repuuona, 2005: 248) Epofus-
rof ru ofeopa nafuufafa kou crpffa. Crpffa kou uupueupyanuofo fpaene. Bo
penafa ua Kapape, yecfeyeanefo ua yaeuuafa e noepsauo co pnauuckafa
crucna ua cekcyanuuof qeuoreu. Yaeuuafa ufuyea yaeuua kora npeky sapo-
eoncfeofo ua cefunafa ce npepuseukyea sapoeoncfeofo. opeka cekcyanuofo
sapoeoncfeo u safeopa eo uufura u uupueupyanuufe yecfea, nyoefa ru pe-
quuupa epepuocfufe okony uapeopeuuocfa ua ojekfof ufo e coepueu. Ec-
fefckofo poueyeane ce pasnukyea op nyoefa, upejku ue ce opuecyea ua
noepuueuof, fyky ua ceefof. (Repuuona, 2005: 247) Pukof ua Mapuja Ypa, ro-
eu e uajpeanusupau eucku nuk eo penafa ua Kapape.
Taa cfoeue uarepuo faka sa pa u ce rnepaaf posoeufe ycuu ua cekcof
(cekcyanuuof oprau). Hejsuuuof cekc ru usrnepaue uekako npocf eo opuoc ua
cekcof ua rojafa ueua cepueuuka. Teok, apokeu, epeu cnoeu rexauusar
ua nyoefa. Cfoeue npep ornepanofo co nonypauupeuu uose u ja rnepaue nu-
uujafa ua cekcof, ranky uckpueeua, uera...a npep ranky eue kako uanypuua-
129

ea, nopeuua u nusraea. -ypuo rucneue faa, cekcof ua euafa e uajeuurra-
fuuofo ueufo eo ceefof. Tue ueru ycuu, uukorau uera pa kayeaaf ufo ua-
eucfuua ce cnyuno. (Kadare,1991: 15)
Rpeky kaferopujafa differance / pasnukafa ufo cnojyea, ce nocfuruyea
uenfa, eo crucna eo porauof sa pasnuka op feopujafa ua Pakau, op-
uocof kou cencfeofo ue e cnekynapeu eo opuoc ua ornepanofo, fyky eo opuoc
ua ppyruof npep cekoe cencfeo. Cnopep Tynau, epupa pekon peka pekou-
cfpykuuouucfukafa kpufuka ue ro pasuea cyjekfof, fyky ro npenosuuuouupa.
(Toolan, 1996: 117) Opuocuo, po ppyrofo roe pa ce pojpe ue npeky oua puja-
nekfuuo cnpofueuo, fyky npeky pynnupanefo, noefopyeanefo, cnuuocfa, cu-
rynakpyrof. 3a pasnuka op ncuxoauanusafa ua Pakau, sa epupa opuocof kou
cencfeofo ue e cnekynapeu opuoc, fyky cencfeofo ro ura ppyruof euafpe eo
cee. Xueofof e euafpe eo differance / pasnuka ufo cnojyea. Hrnnukauuja ua
feopujafa ua epupa / ppyrofo npecfojyea eo reue kako an-
fep-ero. pyruof, cfauyeajku anfep-ero, ro cnacyea Jac npeky rapene, yac,
rppofuja, sa pa ue ucesue. Jac ja poueyear ajekfuocfa caro pokonky uekoe
pyro ce uacenuno ua recfofo ua koe ke upar Jac...pyro ufo ru npefxopu
u re nocepyea u co foa nocepyeane npaeu pa oncfojar. (Kpucfeea, 2005: 217)
Roronero e rypefo eo uac, ofkonky uapeop op uac, oea ue e capkasar,
uukorau ue cyr un capkacfueu...Cakar pa ry poseonar sapoeoncfeo u ua
ropefo, u ru uupar uosefe u ur poseonyear ua pauoeufe uausreuuuo pa ja
oceeyeaaf. (Rpokonuee, 2007: 8 / 30).
Toj opeojyea, ofqpnyea, ajekfupa, upejku qyukuuouupa npe-
ky norukafa Jac e xefeporeuo ce apa ceecu, ce ryu unu uckycyea sapoeon-
cfeo. Bo uerafueuuof npocfop, foj ce nosuuuouupa npeky npauanuafa noruka
Kaj cyr jac? co uen pa uacfaue, pa ce eocnocfaeyea ceecu. Supkaof upouusu-
pa, pearupa, apearupa, ajekfupa.
Hrajku ro npepeup npouecof ufo ro saeneaa nparrafuuufe yrefuu-
ku pena op euafa kako eeuo ppyra po euafa kako uorapcku cyjekf. euec-
ka eufponupa npouecof no norukafa ua schema-upejafa ua Au Cfepnuur sa uu-
fepakuuja norery kynfypafa u qusuonorujafa, opuocuo kynfypuofo enujauue ru
pecfpykfypupa rosouufe knefku unu norukafa ua cyborg-qunosoqujafa cnopep
koja ce nocfaeyea epua coepereua punera unu epua yfonuja ua cnukafa ua
4pupa Kano (1944), feopefcku kouuunupaua op fekcfof
(1991) op papukanuafa qeruuucfka oua Xapaeej sa eua-
fa-kuopr peka rouocfufe ua uauafa pekoucfufyuuja ue ce uaoraaf eo noe-
fopuofo parane, fyky ce uaoraaf eo yfonuckuof cou ua uapefa eo epeu rou-
cfpyoseu ceef es nonoeu. Hako u epuufe u ppyrufe ce sannefeuu eo cnupanua-
fa urpa, uajnpeuu u una kuopr ofkonky oruna. (Eko, 2007: 433) Bo qyukuu-
ja cyberpunk ecfefukafa sa uapruuyeane ua popoeckafa pasnuka npeky peanu-
sauuja ua fenofo op cpepeu pop, nocfopraucku u fpaucxyrau. Ecfefckafa ceecf
koja eeuo eupupa norery yaeofo u rppofo saepuo co yrefuocfa, ru kouqury-
pupaaf eakeufe npouecu u npeky pekouqurypauujafa pokayeaaf peka ueufo
ue e eo pep co ueofof?

130
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:

Spargo, Tamsin: (2001), Foucault i queer teorija, Naklada Jesenski i Turk, Zagreb.
Foucault, Michael: (1997), Governmentality, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Invood, Michael: (2008), Heidegger nj hyrje e shkurtr, Toena, Tiran.
Aupouoecku, Beuko: (2007), , Kynfypa, Ckonje,.

Meksi, Mira: (2001), Frosina e Janins, Onufri, Tiran.
Repuuona, Mapuo: (2005), , Ceefoeu, Hoeu Cap.
Cruneecku, Foue: (2007), , Kynfypa, Ckonje.
Kpucfeea, Jynuja: (2005), , Ternnyr,
Ckonje.
Toolan, Michael: (1996), Stylistics andits discontents, or getting off the fish hook, The
Stylistics Reuder, University Center Luxemburg.
Rela V, Josip: (1983), Nita, Rilindja, Prishtin.
Rpokonuee, Anekcaupap: (2007), , Marop, Ckonje.
Kadare, Ismail: (1991), Qorrfermani, Onufri, Tiran.
Umberto Eko: (1996), Struktura e papranishme, Tirane.
Zekije, Demir: (2006), Feminizmi, modern dhe postmodern, Logos A, Shkup.
Pocu, Epaupofu: (2002), , Makepoucka kuura, Ckonje.
Eko, Umberto: (2007), Istorija ruznoce, Plato, Beograd.

131






THE DISCOURSE OF FEMINISM

Afrim Redxepi

Summary


In the interaction art, power and knowledge, Fuko determines the art as a
meta-epistemical / allegory of the deep structures which reveal knowledge. The
interpretation of the picture of Piccasso Girls from Avignon (1907) by Fuko, means
to notice structural oppositions: male narcisoidity, male deformity of aesthetic
figures bodies and the frontier between genders and functionality of the Other.
Deformity/asymmetry of figures, leads to exclusion, of inferiority.In the context of
postmodern feminism, concretely functional thought of Liss Irigare that woman did
not have a respected place in the history woman as eternally other.. An important
component in the post-structural analysis of the discourse is the term difference.
The extended confrontation among different concepts, makes them functional. The
analysis of the sense determines the opposites: woman / no male being, male no
female being. Deconstruction means function of the difference: counter position
and opposition / being different. The dominant term of the western thought
functions through bipolar classemes: idea/matter, similarity/difference, word/letter,
essence/de-essence, female/male, soul/body. Having it in mind the process which
was noticed by pragmatic art works from woman as eternally other till woman as
nomadic subject, today entropies the process after the logic of schema idea of Ann
Sterling for interaction between culture and physiology, so to say the cultural
impact restructures the brain cells or the logic of cyborg philosophy which a
contemporary dilemma is set. Donna Haraway for female cyborg that opportunities
of our reconstitution are not found in the rebirth, but in the utopian dream of hope in
a monstruous world without genders for overcoming the gender difference through
realisation of body in the medium gender, post organic and trans-human.

132
133






-
THEORY - POETICS
134
135


821.163.3-4
Hseopeu uayeu fpyp




( )





: ,
key words: travel, cemetery


Pafuuckuof fepruu TERRA INCOGNITA, koj cakar pa ro uckopucfar ue-
saeucuo op ferafa unu noeeke kako refaqopa ua ferafa ua ceruuapckuof
fpyp, co carofo suaene ua peafa sopa op kou e usrpapeu (terra - serja u
incognit uenosuafa), onpaepauo ypu uusa noffuuu sa pasrucnyeane.
Tepruuof ro cospane kapforpaqufe, kou une ceefcku nafyeau u ucfpa-
yeau, a ueroeafa ocuoeua npureua una pa ce oeneaf uenosuafu u ueuc-
fpaeuu fepufopuu unu recfa. Cpepafa co fepruuof ucfoepereuo una u
cpepa co unu aper cospaeane ua eepa peka nocfou ueufo ppyro,
ueufo nouuakeo. Cnopep Anqpep Xauf, ucfopujafa ua npureuafa ua fepruuof
ucfoepereuo e u ucfopuja ua ue-recfofo, ucfopuja ua serju ufo nopapu uueua-
fa ueucfpaeuocf ce crefane sa uafnpupopuu unu raruuu.
1
Hraruuauujafa ua
nyrefo, koucfaufuo nofxpauyeaua op eakeufe nejsau ucnonuefu co rucfepuja u
ckpueua npueneuocf, ucfoepereuo npupouecyeana u sa uueuo onpocfopyeane
u oqopryeane ua npocfopuufe nornepu ua ceefof.
Bo fekof ua peeefuaeceffuof eek, co ofkpueanefo ua cufe penoeu op
ceefof, fepruuof ucesuan op ranufe, a co foa ucesuano u ueroeofo -
suaene, na faka Terra incognita cfauyea fepruu ufo ce kopucfu
refaqopuuo, sa pa ce onuue ueufo ufo ue e ucfpaeuo, ouaka kako ufo u jac
ro npureuyear eo oeoj roj fekcf.
Bepyear peka cera nafyeanefo u rpouufafa poueaaf noruua noepsa-
uocf u nafyeanefo crecfeuo eo koufekcf ua npocfopof ua rpouufafa cfauyea
jacuo, saufo fokry fyka ce nojaeyea ceoeeupeu nafyea ufo noefopuo ce cpef-
uyea co .
Cnopep oreuuko Hyepa, cpepafa co ppyruof u co ppyrocfa eo cyufu-
ua ja ofcnukyea u uenfa ua nafyeanefo, f.e. rofueof nopapu koj nafyeanefo u
ce usepuyea.
2
Ocuoeuufe nourana ua nafyeanefo kako peanuo u uraruuapuo

1
Hiatt, Alfred. Terra Incognita Mapping the Antipodes before 1600. Chicago: University Of Chica-
go Press, 2008.
2
Hyepa, oreuuko. Rafyeanefo eo kuueeuocfa, (npupe-
pun Apraupo huuu) Ckonje: Marop, 2006.
136

ce eo ocuoeafa ua ferafa sa nafyeanefo npeky npurepof ua rpouufafa, uo
nafyeanefo kako nafyeane eo ueroeafa ykeanua crucna e usocfaeeuo. Toa ce
paseuea nouuaky, a co carofo usocfaeyeane ua ykeanuocfa ua nafyeanefo,
npauane e konky foa roe pa ce peanusupa u eo ueroeafa qusuka qopra unu
cenak ocfauyea ucfa uraruuauuja, u foa caro nopapu kapakfepucfuuocfa ua
npocfopof. H fokry nopapu foa ufo norpeyeanefo roe pa ce fonkyea, op-
uocuo pa ce sarucnyea kako cpepa co uenosuafa serja, co ue-recfofo, fenec-
uofo norecfyeane eo uero necuo nperuuyea eo ecfenecuocf, u npepuseukyea
reuepupane ua cnuku, kpafku nuuu uckycfea u paspaofka ua npukasuu. Ersuc-
feuuujafa ua nafyeanefo u kpusafa ua qusukofo peuene nopapu penukaf-
uocfa u uenosuaeanefo ua npocfopof e u ersucfeuuuja ua rucnafa ua nafuu-
kof, koja eo cnyajoe ro rucfuquuupa unu ro perucfuquuupa npocfopof, uo u-
naeocfa ua reufanuofo fparane, eepojafuo, uacnpofu qusukofo, koe ce pepy-
uupa, noycneuuo ce peanusupa. Bepojafuo e peka npocfopuafa uraruuauuja
cfauyea akfueua, a co foa u npocfopof cfauyea . Rafyeanefo ce
nonuu co npauana, uo u nokpaj foa ufo ocfauyeaaf pefopuku, nafyeanefo ce-
nak ura eo koj roe pa ce useepe. Ce cospaeaaf pea uaeupyr aufu-
nopuu ceefa, kako ufo u fepruuof terra incognita ua uekou kapfu un sareuef
co uajpasnuuu srejoeu, orporuu puu u uajpasnuuu cyufecfea ufo nnueaaf u
opaf no noepuuuafa ua eopafa, faka u fyka ce cospaea uraruuapeu ceef, a na-
fyeanefo ce cnyyea fokry ua nperuuof unu ua paof.
Moeu op faa npuuua u cekoj oeek unu nafuuk e cekorau nofajuo npu-
eneeu op npocfopof noceefeu ua crpffa/rpouufafa. Toa e kako nofpea sa
cooyeane co uekakea eucfuua unu ercfeo op uea, fokry npeky aefeufuuocfa
ua oeoj npocfop. Rpocfopuafa npupopa ua ueofof cekorau npupopuo ja crec-
fyea crpffa eepuau po uero, na faka cekape kape ufo ura uaceneuo recfo
(rpap, ceno) unu kape ufo ura ueof, nocfou u crpf (rpouufa).



Kora u ce qokycupane ua epuo uaceneuo recfo (ua npurep, epeu rpap)
u u ce oupene pa ro ranupare, curypuo peka fepruuof terra incognita u ro-
ene npupopuo pa ro ucnuuere ua paof ua rpapof, ua npocfopof ua rpouu-
fafa. Toa e npocfop ufo curynfauo ueee co rpapof u e eo nocfojaua -
co uero, uo ueroeafa rucfepuosuocf ue ce uaora eo ueucfpaeuocfa ua
reorpaqckafa nokauuja, fyky eo carafa coppuua. Rpep c, foa e nejsa, foa e
napk, foa e jaeeu npocfop, a ucfoepereuo ue e uufy epuo op uue, uo ue nopapu
foa ufo ue ru ucnonuyea kpufepuyrufe, fyky nopapu foa ufo oeekof ue e cno-
coeu pa ro fpefupa epuakeo co ppyrufe nejsau, napkoeu unu jaeuu npocfopu.
Cekojpueeuocfa fyka ura ppyr fek, unu eoonufo uera fek, nosuafofo yecfeo
ua opueufauuja sa epere u npocfop, yecfeofo sa couujanusauuja u peanusauu-
ja ce nofnonuo usrecfeuu, uannacfeuu unu ru uera. Hecorueuo, rpouufafa ce
ppyro recfo eo opuoc ua ouuufe kynfypu unu eo opuoc ua cekojpueeuofo
recfo.
3
Cnopep Muuen 4yko, rpouufafa npefcfaeyeaaf eucokoxefepofonucko
recfo, ufo suau peka fue ce kako ouue recfa ufo ce uapeop op cufe recfa,
uako, cenak, roe pa ce nouupaaf, recfa cnpofueuu ua yfonujafa. Xefepofo-

3
4yko, Muuen. 3a ppyrufe npocfopu (1967), Xefepofonuu, (npu-
pepun u npeproeop Heau Uenapocku) Ckonje: Meuopa,Eepo-Eankau Rpecc, 2007.
137
( )
nuufe nouyeaaf pa qyukuuouupaaf eo uenocf kora nyrefo ce uaoraaf eo epeu
eup anconyfeu npekuu co fpapuuuouanuofo epere, kako ufo sa epua uupueu-
pya npefcfaeyea ryenefo ua ueofof u sanouyeanefo ua ouaa npueupua
eeuocf, eo koja faa ue npecfauyea pa ce pasnoyea u pa ucesuyea.
4

, -
. .
, . -
.
.
, -
.
Fpouufafa ce npocfop ufo e oncepuaf co eepyeana u co qaufasru, eo
koj yecfeafa u nuuufe uckycfea ce reuaaf. Konky u pa seyu napapokcanuo,
ucfopujafa ua rpouufafa ucfoepereuo e u ucfopuja ua ueofof. Crpffa kako
uonouku akf, npu koj epeu oeek ce npefeopa eo nocrpfuu ocfauku u saceko-
rau ucesuyea op noepuuuafa ua serjafa u noeeke ro uera, e npuuuafa sa
uejsuuofo fayusupane, a roeu e u npuuua sa ropuquuupanefo ua rpo-
uufafa eo cornacuocf co eepyeanafa ua ueufe.
-oeekof eepojafuo ura nofpea pa ro oppyea oua ufo ry e uenosuafo,
oua ufo npefcfaeyea npeepfeua cnuka ua cekojpueeuofo u nocfojauo pa ro
npeucnufyea, ucfo ouaka kako ufo ro npeucnufyea u ueofof. Toa, cnopep
4yko, uanukyea ua uanypyeane ua concfeeuuof nuk eo ornepanofo:

.
5

Kako ufo cnoruae, qoprafa ua rpouufafa e uecorueuo qoprafa ua
onufecfeofo, uo ucfoepereuo u ueroea uerauuja, a pa ce cnepu ucfopujafa u
paseojof ua npocfopof ua rpouufafa, ua uekoj uauu e u cnepene ua ucfopuc-
kuof paseoj ua oeekof.
Fpouufafa ce npocfopua uufepeeuuuja, unu uufepeeuuuja eo npupopuu-
of npocfop, peoprauusupane ua nejsaufe. Tue ce reuyeaaf eo saeucuocf op
penuruosuufe, nonufukufe, kynfypuufe eepyeana, op couujanuafa cocfoja, uo
u op fonorpaqujafa. Ra faka rpouufafa uekorau urane qopra ua rpouuuu
(qopra ufo u peuec ce nojaeyea), nofoa ua raesoneu, kafakoru, rpooeu ufo
une pen op peopoeufe u eufepuepof ua upkeufe u ua kykufe, na c po upueu-
pyanusupanefo ua rpooeufe u uueuofo nouupane ua carufe paoeu op rpa-
pof. Hueuofo uupene, co carofo foa ufo cekorau ura noeeke rpfeu opoufo
ueu, u racoeuofo okynupane ua npocfopof, uno npuuua sa cospaeane ua
kperafopuyrof, koj eo uekou serju e uenpuqafeu, kako ua Eankauof u eo peno-
eu ua Hfanuja, na safoa rpooeufe ce npekonyeaaf, a co foa rpouufafa ue ce
uupaf, fyky ce uannacfyeaaf u euafpeuuo ce ouoeyeaaf. Hcfo faka, ua Eanka-
uof rpouufafa ce nocfaeyeaaf ua recfa kape ufo ura cyea serja, pup unu no-
kpaj naf u urefo ro uocaf no urefo ua uaceneuofo recfo nokpaj koe ce uaoraaf,
kako, ua npurep, Eyfen-Eyfencko, Eykoeo-Eykoecku...


4
4yko, Muuen. 3a ppyrufe npocfopu (1967), Xefepofonuu, (npu-
pepun u npeproeop Heau Uenapocku) Ckonje: Meuopa,Eepo-Eankau Rpecc, 2007
5
4yko, Muuen. 3a ppyrufe npocfopu (1967), Xefepofonuu, (npu-
pepun u npeproeop Heau Uenapocku) Ckonje: Meuopa, Eepo-Eankau Rpecc, 2007
138

Bo nofpeafa sa cospaeane npocfop ua rpfeufe, nofceecuo ce erpapeuu
u pasnuuufe epepuyeana ua ueofof. Ha npurep, ako ja nornepuere erunef-
ckafa uueunusauuja u foa kako eo uea ce epepuyeana crpffa npeky penuruosua-
fa apxufekfypa u reorpaquja, ua koja Erunkauufe u ce noceefyeane eo fekof ua
uenuof ueof, npeky usrpapa ua nuparupufe u kornnekcuufe rpouuuu eo
onuuafa ua kpaneeufe, eepuau uu ce uarefuyea npauanefo kako nu u ro-
en pa usrnepa ueofof eo cfap Erunef, oceeu kako oncepuaf co crpffa. Hnu
nak, kafakorufe, roner nopsereu npocfop sa norpeyeane ua rpfeufe, koj ro
cospane pauufe xpucfujauu nopapu foa ufo ue roene pa cu poseonaf neranuo
serjuufe. Tue nponerof ro peuune co konane ua kornnekcuu fyuenu u cou
co roneruua ufo pocfuruyeana pypu u po 15 kunorefpu. Moeu, cenak, uaj-
enujafenuuof ropen ua rpouufa e peeefuaeceffoeekoeuuof unu poraufuuu-
of. Ynuuu u aeeuuu, rpouuuu u ckynnfypu, pacfeuuja (ernpecu, anuu epu),
rpouufa kako rysej/ranepuja... Takea una cnukafa sa crpffa eo peeefuaece-
ffuof eek, kako eeua sacnauocf unu oprop, kako qopra ua saopae, co ufo ce
uanyufuno eepyeanefo eo rpouufafa kako fpausuuuoueu cfapuyr op epeu eo
ppyr ceef. euec, ypauufe rpouufa ce cospaeaaf co nouuakea upeja. He caro
ufo ce ueryea upejafa sa ppyruof ceef, fyky u upejafa sa epua nouuakea fono-
rpaquja: eerefafueeu, eueprueu, esepereu ceef, koj ce uaora op ppyrafa
cfpaua ua oeekoeafa koufpona.
6

Ho eo ocuoeafa ua cufe qopru ua norpeyeane unu rpapene ua rpouu-
fa neu upejafa, opuocuo npefcfaeafa sa oua ufo fpea pa upe nouafary,
ufo e oua ufo ro oekyea nouuafuof. Toa e cenak uekakeo eepyeane unu ye-
pyeane npeky koe oeekof ueceecuo ce ucnufyean, ru pequuupan ceoufe kynfy-
ponouku acnekfu u paofen eo cqepafa ua apxufekfouckufe unu ecfefckufe
qopru ua uraruuapuofo. Tue qopru ro onukyeane u cekojpueeuuof npocfop,
une u ce kopucfeuu kako ropenu sa cospaeane ua uueunusupauuof ueof, ua
apxufekfypafa u ua npocfopof. Rocnepuuof nejsa unu npocfopof ua rpfeufe,
cekorau uran ronera rok uap oeekoeafa uraruuauuja, a co foa u eo oqopry-
eane ua kynfypafa u kynfypuuof ueof.

()

Oeoj fekcf e ocuoeau ua nperucafa peka nafyeanefo ce cnyyea ua npoc-
fopof ua rpouufafa, uo npauanefo e kako u eo kakea qopra.
Cnopep Hyepa, ufanujauckuof rnaron partitre, koj ura cnuua qopra co
qpauuyckuof u unauckuof partir, ru ura ceoufe kopeuu eo nafuuckafa ureuka
pars, partis ufo suau pen, oppenyeane, a co foa oeoj rnaron eo cee ro coppu
pejcfeofo ua paspena, ua opeojyeane, uuferpupa suaena noeeke ceojcfeeuu
sa crpffa ofkonky sa paranefo, op kape u ufo npousneryea ureukafa dipartite
(crpf), uo op ucfuof kopeu enee nofekno u nafuuckuof rnaron parere, f.e. ufa-
nujauckuof partorire (nopara). Toj ce uapononuyea eenejku peka ceraufukafa
peocrucneuocf ufo ro orpuyea sopof saruuyea u ueroeafa peojua kouofa-
uuja noefok/kpaj, parane/crpf ce peuaea co ocuoeuafa refaqopa ua nafyea-
nefo, kojaufo ro ura kako peqepeuua oeekuof ueof. 3aruuyeanefo suau
uanyufane ua epua cocfoja, eo suaene ua cfapuyr, sa pa ce nperuue eo

6
Worpole, Ken. Last Landscapes The Architecture of the cemetery in the west. London: Reaktion
books, 2003.
139
( )
ppyr. 3aruuyeanefo suau ocfaeane sap cee epeu pen op cee, sa pa ce fpr-
ue eo nofpara no uoe upeufufef.
7

H nokpaj foa ufo oea ojacuyeane e op acnekf ua epeu ufanujaucku uay-
uuk, u uue kako cnaeoqouu feuko roere pa ce coueeere co efuronoukofo
ojacuyeane ua sopoeufe, cenak ojacuyea epeu cyufuucku roreuf sa nafyea-
nefo u rpouufafa. Ako ua nafyeanefo ry npefxopu saruuyeane, a saruuyea-
nefo eo cee ja coppu crpffa, forau u cospaeanefo ua ueof no crpffa unu
nocrpfuofo nafyeane, cfauyea noruuo. Fpouufafa ce fokry foj npocfop eo
koj ce cnyyea nafyeakafa kpusa, recfo ufo e nonuo co erouuu u koe nafuu-
kof/nocefufenof ro npefeopa eo fanka, co carofo foa ufo foj ce cpekaea co
crpffa u co norucnafa peka foj ue e noufepeu op uea. Mecfofo kape ufo nyre-
fo ro saepuyeaaf ceoefo ueofuo nafyeane, uecorueuo e ue-recfo, foa e npe-
ruuof, ornepanofo, foa e ouaa serja ufo ja uapekyeare uenosuafa unu noefok
ua uenosuafofo, rpouufafa. Rafyeanefo, koe eo ceojafa ocuoea roe pa upe
peanuo unu uraruuapuo, fyka cfauyea usreuauo. Tyka, ua ue-recfofo, peanuo-
fo peuene e eo kpusa, a uraruuapuofo npopyuupa cnuku, qparreufu op npu-
kasuu u uajpasnuuu nuuu uckycfea, a co foa carofo nafyeane ja ryu ceojafa
eucfuucka qopra, foa ce pacnara ua qparreufu ufo ce noepsyeaaf es ueka-
koe pep. Ha rpouufafa, npocfopuafa uraruuauuja, es uukakoe uanop cfauyea
akfueua, na faka, foa ue e caro recfo ua sarya u fara, fyky u recfo op koe yc-
neuuo ce npoponyea ueofof. Rpocfopof ce reuyea, ce , cfauy-
ea onkpyeu co refaqopu u co unysuu, epuocfaeuo, ce cospaeaaf pea ceefa:
epeu npep u epeu nofoa.

,
. ;
:
, , ,
? ,
,
,
, .
,
?
?
, Xorep

Bo Xorepoeafa Opuceja, koja e cuuouur sa epuo ueofuo nafyeane, uap-
cfeofo ua rpfeufe unu Apof, ce uaora op ppyrafa cfpaua ua sanapuuof xopu-
souf u npefcfaeyea cneuuquua reorpaqcka qoprauuja. Toa e ueeeceno rar-
nueo recfo, onuuauo npeky ueypepuu napuna nejsa kako acqopenucku nonu-
na, esepa, eucokonucecfu ppeja co uepocfuuu cjajuu nnopoeu, jaonka, kanuu-
ku, racnuuku, a ueofo e onuuauo co feruu onauu. o fyka ce cfurano npeky
roneruof okeau u uekonkyfe peku ufo ja oqopryeane fonorpaqujafa ua recfo-
fo.


7
Hyepa, oreuuko. Rafyeanefo eo kuueeuocfa, (npupe-
pun Apraupo huuu) Ckonje: Marop, 2006.
140

Taa ueypepuocf ua recfofo e ueypepuocfa eo koja ce npefonyeaaf rpf-
eufe, fue epereucku ce usreuauu unu usepuaeuu u ceuuuuo ce nojaeyeaaf
es pep, a uenfa sa koja Opucej nafyea fyka e sa pa poue oproeop kako pa ce
epafu pora no ponrofo fankane no ropunafa. Boepuo, eo e onuuaua
u cfaporpkafa eepa eo saprpouofo. opeka, nak, cfapufe Erunkauu eepyeane
eo ponro nocrpfuo nafyeane, koe ce cnyyeano eo uekonky efanu. Tue eepyea-
ne peka epuucfeeuuof uauu sa oeekof pa npoponu pa ueee no crpffa e pa
upe ryruquuupau. Rafyeanefo ce cocfoeno op ocnoopyeane op rpeeoeufe
eo ponruof xon ua peefe eucfuuu, kape ufo cpuefo ua rpfeuof ce cfaeano ua
eara u ce repeno co neppye u pokonky uno nonecuo, rpfeuof npoponyean no-
uafary kou kpancfeofo ua rpfeufe, a pokonky ue, ke un nporonfau op perouof
Aryf.
Bo xpucfujaucfeofo ce nojaeyeaaf peefe recfa - Paj u Rekon, a eepojafuo
kora eepafa eo saprpouofo nafyeane ke ucesue, sa pa ue ucesuaf u rpfeu-
fe, nafyeanefo nouyea pa ce opeuea kou ruuafofo. Tue ce npefeopaaf eo ce-
kaeane, eo ucfa coeecf, na faka ueufe nocfojauo npoyeaaf pa oproeopaf ua
. Ho oeue eepyeana, kou ue ce noepsauu caro co recfafa sa
norpeyeane, fyky, kako ufo cnoreuae, une epua op rnaeuufe npuuuu sa
oqopryeane ua fue recfa, ru akyrynupaaf eperefo u npocfopof u npopyuupa-
af ueufo ufo uanukyea ua cou.
Hsryeuuof pep u npocfopuafa esepereuocf ua rpouufafa ce npuuua
fenecuafa u rucnoeuafa cocfoja ua oeekof pa cfauaf uejacuu u pa ce usryaf
eo uejacuocfa ua caruof npocfop, rpfeufe cfauyeaaf epuakeu, serjafa ce re-
uyea, a cekoj oeeku enereuf cfauyea fyr. Tyka ce nojaeyeaaf qparreufu op
uruna, cnuku, ropuuu, ckynnfypu, fporafenuu nopaku, enufaqu, pacfeuuja, kou
ro ryaf concfeeuuof upeufufef, a ucfoepereuo u npaeaf anauc norery -
. Bo faa cufyauuja cekoj oeek noceuo ce cooyea co concfeeuuof
upeufufef npep eeuo rucfepuosuuof uu ua crpffa, ce cooyea co concfeeuu-
of fauu Makape

( Facfou Eaunap)
Mucnafa auanorua ua Eaunapoeafa u una peka fuuuuafa e noseyua u
op uajseyuofo recfo, kako ufo feruuuafa cospaea uajpasnuuu cnuku. Tuuu-
uafa u ueoproeopeuufe npauana cospaeaaf espoj oproeopu. Oea ja nofeppy-
ea cunuafa uraruuauuja ua oeekof, koja e cnocoua pa ru reuyea, pa ru cospa-
ea u pa ru npecospaea paofufe op okonuuafa, a nopapu foa u cospaeanefo ua
ppyr ceef unu ua ppyra npocfopua qoprauuja ufo ry npunara ua nocrpfuuof
ueof e onpaepaua. Rpasuofo cekorau feuee kou nonuene, na faka norucna-
fa ua crpffa kako nocnepuo una uecqafnuea. Crpffa cqafeua kako saruuy-
eane e npuuua soufo roe pa ce sopyea sa nafyeanefo, crpffa u rpouufa-
fa. eafa ceefa ce pee pasnuuu recfa, a eo ocuoeafa ua nafyeanefo e norec-
fyeanefo op epuo recfo ua ppyro unu eo koufekcf ua oea nafyeane, norecfy-
eane op peanuafa cekojpueeuocf ua ueofof eo uraruuapuocfa. Fpouufafa
ce npocfop ufo ru onukyean konekfueuufe cqakana sa crpffa u foa ufo ro-
e pa upe nouafary, foa e npocfop eo koj ce fpara, npocfop kape ufo ce cny-
yea fpaucqurypauujafa. Tary, pasroeopof co ruuafofo u co upuuuafa cfauyea
npupopeu. Cnopep sarucneuofo, nafyeanefo ce cnyyea fokry fyka, ua nperu-
uof, foa fpea pa e nafof ufo ru noepsyea peefe recfa, a nafof caro no cee e
ue-recfo.
141
( )
Rpeky apxeonoukufe uaopu npu uckonyeanafa ua cfapu rpouuuu unu
uekpononu, ce cooyeare co uajpasnuuu napuna npeprefu, oneka, sanucu
ufo une pen op opepof ua norpeyeane ua rpfeufe, koj eoepuo un u opep
sa ucnpakane ua nokojuuof eo ppyruof ceef unu ucnpakane ua saprpouofo na-
fyeane. Bo pasnuuu penuruu u kynfypu, pasnuuu une u opepufe. Rpeky ee-
pyeanafa, rucnafa ua ueuof, uecorueuo ce npeucnufyea eo npocfopof; faa ja
uspasyea cospapeuafa uuqoprauuja eo uajpasnuuu qopru eo ueofof, ocoe-
uo npeky yrefuocfa. Co cospaeanefo cnuku, sanucu op nocrpfuufe nafyeana,
pufyanu, uspaofkafa ua noceuu npeprefu, ce cospaeaaf uajpasnuuu acnekfu
ua uraruuapuufe nafyeana unu nafyeaku pokyreufu ufo oeosroyeaaf say-
eyeane u pasupane ua paseojof ua pasnuuufe kynfypu, koe, nak, oeosroyea
noruuo cqakane ua concfeeuafa kynfypa.



Hecorueuo, cospaeanefo ua saprpoeu ueof e cospaeane ua eeuocf,
a foa, nak, e eeua opa co crpffa. Ra faka cekoj oeek ja ura ynorafa ua cos-
paea u npupouecyea kou porpapyeane ue caro ua konekfueuafa cnuka sa cee-
fof ua rpfeufe, fyky ocoeuo sa ceefof ua ueufe. Taka ce cospaeane nafonu-
cu, uapafueuu cnuku ufo eusyenuo ro npukayeaaf nafyeanefo, uajpasnuuu
ckynnfypu u npukasu ua cyufecfea ufo une fpefupauu kako pa ry npunaraaf
ua ppyruof ceef. Hapopuofo cqakane ua nocrpfuuof ueof uno u rofue sa
cospaeane roner poj yrefuuku pena. Cospaeanefo ua epeu uraruuapeu
npocfop kako rpouufafa, koj e eo nocfojaua penauuja co ppyrufe recfa, ro
oqopryea uauefo pnaoko yecfeo sa ueofof u upeufufefof, saufo fokry foj
npocfop u nofcefyea sa ruunueocfa ua ueofof, ocoeuo ua concfeeuuof. Bo
oeaa fera napapokcof cfauyea knyeu, eepa eo ecrpfuocf, a ucfoepereuo u
uenpeon sa saryafa. Rafyeanefo e epuouacouo, npucfuruyeanefo e kpaj ua
nafyeanefo, epakanefo ce peanusupa eo uraruuapuuof npocfop ua couof. Oea
rano ucfpayeane e cenak ucfpayeane ua epeu acnekf ua uraruuapuofo na-
fyeane, saufo cpepafa co ppyrocfa unu ppyruof e cpepa co caruof cee, co
concfeeuufe cfpaeoeu, upeanu u eepyeana, a rpouufafa cekorau ke upaf
epeu op fue npocfopu eo kou uue ke ru uspasyeare fue uauu eepyeana, recfo
kape ufo uue carufe ke ce cpefuere co uauafa concfeeua uenosuafa serja.

:

Cospaeanefo uraruuapua cnuka ua ceefof op ppyrafa cfpaua ua ueofof
ofcekorau uno uucnupauuja eo yrefuocfa. Kora eeke sopyear sa fakeufe
cnuku, eepuau ru nara ua yr roeu uajeosypnueafa - cnukafa Ocfpoeof ua
rpfeufe op ueajuapckuof curonucf Apuonp Eyknuu (1827-1901). Eyknuu cos-
pan uekonky eepsuu ua oeaa cnuka eo nepuopof op 1880 po 1886 ropuua. Ha
cufe eepsuu e npefcfaeeu ocareu kapnecf ocfpoe, onkpyeu co ferua eopa, eo
koja e npefcfaeeuo npucfuruyeanefo ua epuo rano eecnako pofe ua koe ce
uaoraaf oeek ufo eecna u epua eucka qurypa, oneeua eo eno, npep koja
ce uaora koeerof ua uejsuuuof conpyr. Bo kapnufe ce uspnaeuu pynku ufo
acouupaaf ua norpeuu npocfopuu, a eo cpepuuafa ua ocfpoeof ce uaoraaf
ernpecu. Eyknuu uukorau ue pan pefanuo ojacuyeane ua cnukafa, oceeu
peka foa e epeu ueroe cou. Cnukafa una ocoeuo nonynapua kou kpajof ua pe-
eefuaeceffuof u noefokof ua peaeceffuof eek. Penpopykuuu op cnukafa noce-
142

pyeane noeeke nosuafu nuuocfu, kako ua npurep 4pojp, Peuuu..., a opuruuan-
uafa fpefa eepsuja ua cnukafa ja nocepyean Aponq Xufnep. Cnukafa una uu-
cnupauuja u sa ruory kuueeuu u rysuku pena. Ha npurep, curqouuckafa
noera ua Ceprej Paxranuuoe Ocfpoeof ua rpfeufe e uucnupupaua fokry op
Eyknuuoeafa cnuka. euec cufe nef eepsuu ce uaoraaf eo pasuu ryseu uus
ceefof.




4yko, Muuen. 3a ppyrufe npocfopu (1967), Xefepofonuu,
(npupepun u npeproeop Heau Uenapocku) Ckonje: Meuopa, Eepo-Eankau Rpecc, 2007,
362.
Worpole, Ken. Last Landscapes The Architecture of the cemetery in the west. London:
Reaktion books, 2003, 223.
Hyepa, oreuuko. Rafyeanefo eo kuueeuocfa,
(npupepun Apraupo huuu) Ckonje: Marop, 2006.
Thuleen, Nancy. Interaction and Reaction in Virgil and Homer. http://www.nthuleen.com/
papers/L10virgil.html
Hiatt, Alfred. Terra Incognita Mapping the Antipodes before 1600. Chicago: University Of
Chicago Press, 2008, 224
Kyupepa, Munau. . Ckonje: Taepuakyn,
2006, 387.
Xorep. . Ckonje: Marop, 2008, 382.
Eaunap, Facfou. . Ckonje: Taepuakyn, 2002, 325
143






TRANSFIGURATIVE TRAVELLING - ON THE TRAVELLING
AND THE CEMETERIES

Ilija Prokopiev

(Summary)


This text is based on the premise that travelling happens on the cemeteries.
The travelling in base can be real or imaginary, but on places like cemeteries it is
confusing. The real travelling movement is in crisis and the imaginary one
produces images, fragments of stories and evokes different personal experiences.
The cemeteries compared to TERRA INCOGNITA always had big influence on the
human imagination. Creation of cemeteries in the same time is creation of culture
or shaping a cultural life. These are places that have been changing during time
according to different believes, into afterlife. Building graves, epitaphs, objects for
rituals, drawings, etc. In different times, different cultures have been creating
different imaginary traveling inspired by the imagined afterlife that helped in the
development of the cultural identity and its continuity

144


316.74(4)-4
Hseopeu uayeu fpyp







- -
. ,


: () (), ,
,
key words: European literature(s), comparative literature, Euro centrism, post-Euro centrism


Epua op uajnpoeokafueuufe puneru ua peueuuuuafa e jacuafa uspuqe-
peuuupauocf ua noceuuof, rouonufeu, eeponcku kynfypeu upeufufef. Mouo
nu e eoonufo pa ce sopyea sa fakea oepuuyeaka kaferopuja ufo u ru coe-
puuuna fonky pasuonukufe cneuuquuu kynfypuu eufufefu ufo ce paseueaaf
ua npocfopof ua eeponckuof koufuueuf? H kora sopyeare sa Eepona, panu
eoonufo sopyeare sa reorpaqcka, ucfopucka unu sa uekoj ppyr eup oppepuu-
ua? Bo faa crucna ce npaeaf oupu pa ce pasrucnyea u sa useeceu kournore-
paf op kuueeuu epepuocfu npousneseuu u pacnpocfpauefu ua eeponcko fno,
koj u ce onpepenun kako eeponcka kuueeuocf, uo cufe unekynauuu eopaf
kou ofkayeanefo op faa uacoka u nofeuuupanefo ua nnypanufefof u pasuo-
nukocfa ua kuueeuufe pocerana ocfeapeuu eo oppenuu jasuuu u uauuouan-
uo-kynfypuu cpepuuu. Teupeuuujafa pa ce ueryea coepereuuof uraruuapuyr sa
eeponcka kynfypa, koj npousneryea op reononufukafa oepuuyeaka upeja, u
npufoa pa ce sappu cneuuqukafa ua cekoj koucfufyfueeu kynfypeu uuufen
ufo eo uea ce eknyyea e peqnekfupau eo carufe perynafueu ua eeponckafa
saepuuua. Ha npurep, yufe eo (1954) ce
noffukuyeaaf serjufe-neuku u ouue ufo u roene pa npucfanaf kou EY re-
ryceuo pa ce sanosuaeaaf kynfypuo u pa ja usyyeaaf uueunusauujafa ufo ur
e saepuuka ua cufe. Bo epeu op uajeauufe akfu ua Eeponckafa Yuuja -
(Treaty on the European Unity, 1992) ce ucfakuyea: Yuujafa e pon-
ua pa npupouecyea eo paseojof ua kynfypufe ua serjufe-neuku noufyeajku ja
uueuafa uauuouanua u peruouanua pasuonukocf, co ucfoepereuo ucfakuyeane
ua saepuukofo kynfypuo uacnepcfeo (neu 151, 1.). Toa nokayea peka eepon-
ckuof kynfypeu npocfop ce fpefupa peoeaneufuo: op epua cfpaua ce feuee
kou oepuuyeaku anku, uo foa ce nocfuruyea ue npeky rasene u uueenupane
eo uekoja onufa kynfypua creca, fyky fokry npeky sauepcfyeane u ueryeane
ua cneuuqukufe u pasnukufe.
145

Cenak, cufe cfpereu pa ce sopyea sa epuucfeeu eeponcku pyx ocfauy-
eaaf ueuenocuu u ue po kpaj koucekeeufuu. Toa ro pokayeaaf u pasnuuufe
eapujauuu ua foa ufo c ce cqaka kako Eepona u kako eeponcko. Eeponckuof
uraruuapuyr e rouue ekcfeusueeu u nocfojauo eapupa u ce pepequuupa.
Epua op uajferenuufe sarucnu sa eeponckafa kynfypa e ouaa ufo ce
nofnupa eps cornepafa ua saepuukafa kynfypua fpapuuuja. Mery uajrnacuufe
noffukuyeau ua oeaa sarucna un Torac Cfepuc Enuof, koj uenocpepuo no
Bfopafa ceefcka eojua nuuyean u noeukyean: Tpea pa nouere pa ro sppyy-
eare uajpopofo eo uoeofo rucnene u eo uoeofo nuuyeane eo uauefo epere
op cufe eeponcku serju ufo uraaf ueufo pa npupouecaf sa onufofo popo
(Epuucfeofo ua eeponckafa kynfypa 1946). Coepereu uspas ua eakeofo nou-
rane ua Eepona e enekfpouckuof nopfan www.europeana.eu, koj ura aruuuja
pa npepacue eo uajkornnekceu apxue ua eeponckofo uacnepcfeo. Ho carofo
pnaene eo eeponckafa fpapuuuja noypyea corueu u cfpaeyeana sa ue-
coopeefuocf, kora ke ce sere npepeup koj, kako u op kakeu nosuuuu ro cnpoee-
pyea foa apxueupane.
Caruof nour eeponckocf e penafueuo uoe qeuoreu (ce crefa peka ura
nonyeekoeua fpapuuuja) u ueroeufe uuuuujanuu ynofpeu pafupaaf op eperefo
kora nafuuckufe xpucfujauu nouane pa sopyeaaf sa Eepona kako sa uajuupo-
kafa saepuuua ua koja cnopep ceoefo concfeeuo yepyeane u npunarane.
Hcfopucku nocfoene uekonky nepuopu eo kou ce uspasuna feupeuuujafa
ua cnojyeane eo eeponcko saepuuufeo foa ce eperunafa ua ronerufe urne-
puu, kou op peueueu acnekf cfauyeaaf yufe nouufepecuu kora ce ura npepeup
suaenefo ua uueuufe uckycfea eo kopenauuja co uoeafa upeja sa eeponcko
saepuuufeo. Ha kynfypeu nnau, ucfo faka, roe pa cfaue sop sa eeponcka
aufuka (uako e puckyfaunuo aufukuof nepuop epuocfaeuo pa ce npornacu sa
eeponcku cerreuf), npeky eeponckofo nafuucko cpepuoeekoeue, xyrauusrof u
peuecaucafa, npoceefufencfeofo ufu. Ce pokaa peka npecepfuuof rur rery
peeefuaeceffuof u peaeceffuof eek ura noceuo suaene eo oqopryeanefo
useecua ceecf sa eeponckocfa. Eeponckuof XX eek ja eneu uajkoufpoeepsua-
fa pyxoeua u kpeafueua cocfoja. Op epua cfpaua, eo uero ce pocfuruyeaaf ue-
uacefeuu uueunusauucku eucouuu, uo ce eopaf u pee ceefcku eojuu u ce efa-
nupa fofanufapusrof. Ha kpeafueeu nnau nuuuufe ua noepsyeane ua yrefuu-
uufe eo Eepona ce ucupfyeaaf cnopep cnepuuee naparefpu: poruuauuja ua
upauuouanuocfa, cypupof npupopa-kynfypa, necurusar, ekycof ua cnoopafa,
spueof ua ofyreuocfa.
Uenuof XX eek, ofeopeuo unu npukpueuo, ro ueryea cfpereof ua curo-
nucfufe, ropepuafa, uoeufe yrefuocfu u pasnuuufe ceuecuu op nepuopof ua
npenorof ua eekof (pekapafa 1890-1900) kou kpeafueuo oepuuyeane. Co
npecepfuuof fin de siecle u co cunuuof uapuauuouaneu pau ua ropepuusrof
eo nufepafypufe, rery uufenekfyanuufe op eeponckufe serju ce oqopryea kou-
sucfeufua ceecf sa eeponcka kynfypa. 3a foa npupouecyeaaf cnepuufe qakfo-
pu: uauuof ua ueof, uoeufe qopru ua saaea u yrefuocf (kaqea, kaapea,
cnukapcku usnou), ceefckafa usnoa eo Rapus 1900 npecepfeu uacfau ua
kynfypeu nnau, fexuonoukuof paseoj, ypauusauujafa, koryuukauujafa. Bo
kpeafueuo-kuueeuufe cqepu oea norecfyeane ce eeupeufupa npeky pacnapof
ua cyjekfof (ncuxoauanusafa), ofcfanyeanefo op ruresucof, nojaeafa ua fe-
kof ua ceecfa euafpeueu rouonor, enujauuefo op fexuukufe ua qoforpaquja-
fa u qunrof u ueouuuof cfae cnpera jasukof, cnopep koj kpeafueuuof jasuk
146
- -
npefcfaeyea npauane ua usop. Cfpuupepr ro uanuuan ua qpau-
uycku, Ronjakof Uoseq Koupap co npecenafa eo Aurnuja sanouan pa nuuyea
ua aurnucku, Fpkof Xau Mopeac no npecfojof eo Feprauuja u eo Hfanuja ja op-
pan sa ceoe ueeanuufe 4pauuuja u nuuyean ua qpauuycku jasuk, 4pauu
Kaqka, koj ueeen rery roeopufenu ua euku jasuk u eo cerejcfeo eo koe cere-
eu jasuk un xepejckuof, cenak oppan pa nuuyea ua repraucku jasuk... Hufe-
peceu e qakfof peka fokry eo oeue ropuuu e popeuo u ecnepaufofo (1887), koe
ro sarucnun pyckuof nekap Pasap 3areuxoq. Mopepuusrof, a nofoa u aeaurap-
pafa, ce cfuncku qoprauuu eo kou ce saeneyea cunua eeponcka koufekcfya-
nusauuja ua kuueeuocfa, uno eo nosufueua, uno eo uerafueua crucna. Ha
npurep, kako epua nosufueua eeponcka koufekcfyanusauuja roe pa ce crefa
fonkyeanefo ua ropepuusrof cnopep koe: ua oppenuufe ua-
uuouanuu nufepafypu npefcfaeyea rnaeua npupoueka ua peuenefo ureuyea-
uo kako (Pupuja Kanyueecka-pakyneecka, , 2007). Op
ppyra cfpaua, nak, eeponckafa nuckocf roe pa ce uacefu u eo uuxunucfuku-
of aufufpapuuuouanusar ua aeaurappafa: Eeponckafa aeaurappa ce pasnuky-
ea op cufe ucfopucku kynfypu no foa ufo uejsuua uen ue una peceruofusauu-
jafa ua uuepua oppenua ucfopucka kynfypa, fyky peceruofusauujafa ua carafa
eeponcka uueunusauuja. opeka, ua npurep, poraufusrof ro uerupan knacuuus-
rof, a peanusrof poraufusrof, aeaurappuafa kynfypa ce cepfyea npofue ee-
ponckofo kynfypuo uacnepcfeo kako fakeo, npofue cpepuuuufe kynfyponouku
kaferopuu ua concfeeuafa uueunusauuja, u foa: ua qunosoqcku nnau npofue
ratio-, ua noppajefo ua ncuxonorujafa npofue , ua nonufuku nnau
npofue , a ua yrefuuku npofue (y-
paeka Opauk-Tonuk). Tonkyeajku ja aeaurappafa eo uekonky cpepuuu uus Eepo-
na, uejsuuuof akfueeu yecuuk u nopouueeu xpouuap u koreufafop Funepro
pe Tope, rery ppyrofo, ucfakuyea peka faa npefcfaeyea: fpeckaeuua cocfoja
ua pyxof, uajnpopykfueua, uajnpoeokafueua u uajuuoeaufua enoxa eo koja po-
ruuupa rnapfa no uoeofo, u eo eperefo ua uejsuuuof sarae eo nepuopof rery
1910 u 1940 ropuua npecfonuuuufe ua Eepona pejcfeyeaaf kako cnoeuu capo-
eu. (Funepro pe Tope, 2001:)
Hako u eo coepereuocfa kuueeuufe nojaeu qnykfyupaaf uus eeponckufe
kynfypuu ueufpu u uako roe pa ce fonkyeaaf kuueeuu npouecu ufo no ceoja-
fa npupopa ce uapuauuouanuu, cenak ce nocfaeyea npauanefo panu e eosro-
eu ucfopucku puckypc sa eeponckufe kuueeuocfu. anu eoonufo e ueonxo-
peu u kakoe ropen u roen pa ura? Hcfopujafa ua eeponckafa nufepafypa
(eo epuuua) e uaeucfuua npoeokafueuo npauane. Hajnosuafu npurepu ua cfy-
puu ufo npefcfaeyeaaf oup sa cuufefuka cornepa ua oppenuu cerreufu ua
eeponckafa ucfopuja ua nufepafypafa ce: Muxanu Eauu: -
(1935); Ron Asap: 1680-1715
(1935), Epucf Poepf Kypuuyc: -
(1948); Epux Ayepax: . -
(1946). Cufe ce nojaeyeaaf eo nepuopof npep unu uenocpepuo no Bfopafa
ceefcka eojua. Ropouua, eo ueeceffufe u cepyrpeceffufe ropuuu ua XX eek
cfauyea jacuo peka eeponckafa kuueeua ucfopuja roe pa ce rpapu epuucfee-
uo co uapruuyeane ua npeppacypufe u co nofeuuupane ua ppyru oppenuu ac-
nekfu ufo poforau une sauerapyeauu, a foa ce: cucferof ua kuueeuocfa,
kuueeuufe uucfufyuuu, npopykuuja, puqysuja, peuenuuja u eanopusauuja,
npecepfuo akueufupane ua suaenefo ua ufafenof (ufafenckuof oproeop),
nufepapuofo none, ferafusauuja ua opuocof rery kuueeuocfa u urnepuja-
147

nusrof, pepykuuja ua npefeupupanefo ua yuueepsanuocf ua sanapuuof kuue-
eeu kauou, qukfueuuof kapakfep ua cekoj eup ucfopuja (kuueeua ucfopuja kako
xunepfekcf).
Epua op pucuunnuuufe ufo ro eknyyeaaf oea npauane eo ceojof poreu
eopejku crefka sa uaeepeuufe acnekfu e kornapafueuafa kuueeuocf. Taa ce
oupyea pa ponpe po uufepkynfypuafa pureusuja ua eeponckafa nufepafypa,
pa ru npakfukyea eruueufuo kornapafucfukufe npuuuunu ua uuknysueuocf,
cnopepa, cpepa, pujanor u pa ro anaucupa suaenefo ua onufofo u ua no-
ceuofo.
3a an, knacuuafa kornapafueua kuueeuocf c yufe ue e nofnonuo us-
nekyeaua op ceojof pnaok eeponoueufpueu nponer. Taa ce nojaeuna u ce
paseuna ua fnofo ua Eepona (uako eo foj koufekcf roe pa ce crefa sa kypuo-
sufef ucfopuckuof nopafok peka Bunujar Rocuef npeufe npepaeana no korna-
pafueua kuueeuocf ru oppan ua Hoe 3enaup) u ponro epere npefcfaeyeana
uspas ua nouranefo ua kuueeuocfa npeky eeponoueufpuuafa npusra. Cno-
pep oea nourane, c npousneryea op Eepona (u foa op uejsuuuof sanap ua ro-
nerufe u cunuufe) u c kou uea ce epaka. Roefuufe cfypuu ua kornapafueua-
fa kuueeuocf ce opuecyeane ua reryceuufe kuueeuo-kynfypuu penauuu no-
rery sanapuoeeponckufe kynfypu (npep c qpauuyckafa u reprauckafa), a no-
pouua c noeeke saeneryeane eo nosaqpneuufe arnu ua eeponckafa rana, eo
nocnepuufe pee peueuuu ocoeuo uufeusueuo paseueajku ce ua kpcfonaf co
opueufanuufe kynfypu.
Eeponeusauujafa ua ceefof sanouana cunuo pa ce yecfeyea ua kpajof
ua 17 eek (co nopasof ua Typuufe npep Bueua eo 1683) kora npeky konouusauu-
jafa useepeua eo pasnuuu eapujaufu, ce uarefuan f.u. eeponcku ropen ua
kynfypa. Cenak, pypu u eo peeefuaeceffuof eek, eekof ua uucfufyuuouanuafa
nojaea ua pucuunnuuafa , uufepecof sa
un ocoeuo uspaseu, uo noefopuo kako epeu urnepujaneu nornep, epuo ur-
nepujanuo oko, koe ja oppyea ceojafa cynepuopua nepcnekfuea. H eo peaece-
ffuof eek ue sracuyea eeponoueufpuuafa nosuuuouupauocf, fyky caro ce eu-
pousreuyea, ce rackupa u ce coqucfuuupa. a ce nofcefure aper ua uufepe-
cof ua aeaurappucfufe eo eeponckufe cpepuuu sa aqpukauckufe u ppyrufe npe-
kyokeaucku kynfypu. Bo cnukapcfeofo ua peaeceffuof eek, ua npurep, aqpukau-
ckafa racka u janouckafa ecfarna cfauyeaaf npurep u uucnupauuja sa ropep-
uufe eeponcku cnukapu. Ho foj npurep ce yceojyea u co uero ce enapee, a ue ce
pujanorusupa ua paruonpaeua u kpeafueua ocuoea. Tecuofujafa ua eeponoueu-
fpuuafa npusra ce uacefyea eeke eo npeufe uraronouku cfypuu, a nopouua
co napapurrafa ua nocfkonouujanuafa kpufuka faa cfauyea pupekfua u ofeope-
ua uen ua kpufukuof puckypc.
Eeponoueufpusrof, cnopep epua nekcukorpaqcka opaofka (Uenapocku,
2007), roe pa ce onpepenu kako: - -
-
-
. ,
-
.
Eeponoueufpusrof roe pa ce cornepa eo carofo ureuyeane ua uekou
opueufauuouu reorpaqcku foku cnopep kou ce rpapu cnukafa ua ceefof. Ha
npurep, aneuuof Hcfok unu, nak, Cpepuuof Hcfok ce uapekyeaaf faka safoa
ufo cfojaf eo fakea nosuuuja eo opuoc ua Eepona. Eeponoueufpusrof kpeupa
148
- -
cnuka ua ceef eo koja Eeponejuufe u Eepona ja uraaf ueufpanuafa u uajeaua
nocfaeeuocf. Ha eeponckufe u ua arepukauckufe yuueepsufefu ce npepaea uc-
fopuja ufo ouuo ue ce uaepaka eo npefkonouujanuufe eperuna u ue ru uu
cnoreuyea fpapuuuufe u uueunusauuckufe epepuocfu ua Hupuja, Kuua, Erunef,
ua raeapckufe unu rycnurauckufe qunosoqu. Bo ceefof ua uaykafa foa oco-
euo e uspaseuo eo onacfa ua raferafukafa, kape ufo ue ce epepuyeaaf npu-
pouecufe ufo ru pane ppeeuufe kynfypu op Kuua, Hupuja unu op ucnarckuof
ceef. 3a eeponoueufpuuu roe pa ce crefaaf u cufe yuueepsufefcku nporpa-
ru ufo ru onqakaaf Apucfofen, Kauf unu Mapkc, ua npurep, a ru sanocfaeyea-
af Kouqyue, Eypa unu ynauuuapufe. Eeponoueufpuuo e usyyeanefo ua kuu-
eeuocfa ufo ru onqaka caro fekcfoeufe ufo ce uanuuauu unu npeeepeuu ua
aurnucku jasuk.
Bo fakeafa pyxoeua koucfenauuja ceecfa sa eeponeusar, eeponckocf,
eeponcko feuko roe pa ce uspuqepeuuupa op . Kou kpajof ua XX u noefo-
kof ua XXI eek kuueeuafa kornapafucfuka ce npeopasyea eo epua -
(Apraupo huuu 2006: 14-15), koja ce oupyea pa op-
roeopu ua pyxof ua nocfeeponoueufpuuuof npucfan kou qeuoreuof ua kynfy-
pafa, na eo fue parku u ua nufepafypafa. Bo oeaa nepcnekfuea poruuupaaf
nponerufe ua upeufufefof u ppyrocfa, faka ufo akfyenuu cfauyeaaf ferufe
sa: rurpauujafa, pucfonujafa (xefepofonuu), fpaucrpecueuocfa, fpaucqopra-
uuufe ua upeufufefof, kpeonusauujafa ua Eepona, eknyyeanefo ua upuafa
oja ua suarefo ua Eepona (kynfypafa ua Aqpukauuufe eo Eepona), rycnurau-
cfeofo, fypckafa kynfypa eo sanapuoeeponckufe serju u cn. Rocfeeponoueu-
fpuuuof uauu ua roeopene sa kuueeuocfa ce oupyea pa ja nocfaeu eo qo-
kycof ua ceoufe uufepecupana fpauckynfypuafa Eepona: Tpaucuauuouanuufe
u fpauckynfypuufe cfpyena u epcku eeke ue ce ueufo ucknyufenuo sa uue
ecyuuocf u roeno pa ce pee peka npefcfaeyeaaf uopra unu peka uapry ke
cfauaf uopra. Tue ce rafepujanof op koj ropa euurafenuo pa ce usrpapyea ee-
ponckafa kynfypa u upeufufef (Ynpuke Xaua Majuxoq, Aua Tpuaupaqunupy ,
2008: 379).
Baka nocfaeeuuof ucfopucku puckypc sa kuueeuocfa opuanpep ce ofka-
yea op aruuujafa pa ce npefeopu eo ronera uapauuja u ru nporoeupa uu-
knysueuocfa u kocrononufusrof kako ceou epeuu uaena. Bo foj koufekcf, roeo-
pof sa eeponcka kuueeuocf noppasupa roeop eo ruouucka qopra, roeop sa
kuueeuocfu eo uueuafa kpeafueua ucnpennefeuocf, koj ce cfperu pa ru ucfuc-
ue onecfufe ua eeponoueufpusrof u pa ru saneu cufe pauu u fparu op uero,
pnaoko efucuafu eo uauuof ua rucnene uus eekoeufe.



ura, Xak (2007), : 19. 20. , Eeorpap: Clio
: / npupepyea Cona Cfojreucka-Ensecep,
(2007), Ckonje: Eepo-Eankau Rpecc: Meuopa
/ npupepyea Apraupo huuu, (2006), Ckonje: pyufeo sa
kornapafueua kuueeuocf ua Makepouuja: Marop
, npupepyea K.Kynaekoea, (2007), Ckonje: MAHY
: / npupepyea Heau Uenapocku, (2007)
Ckonje: Eepo-Eankau Rpecc: Meuopa
Tope, Funepro pe (2001), , Hoeu Cap: Hspaeaka
knuapuuua 3opaua Cfojauoeuka
: (2008), npupepune
Ynpuke Xaua Majuxoq, Aua Tpuaupaqunupy, Eeorpap: Clio
149






EUROPEAN LITERATURE OR LITERATURES OF EUROPE

Sonja Stojmenska-Elzeser

(Summary)

The text deals with the question if the European identity exists as an unique
concept or it must be considered in its plurality and diversity. It points up the key
moments in the history when the tendency for unifying the European heritage was
shown and the building of common identity was evident. In these frame the history
of European literature is perceived as an controversial project. The discipline of
comparative literature might be a solution for the contemporary historical
discourses of literature but only if it surpasses the Eurocentric position known in the
past. It is far away from the ideas for grand narratives and it is based on the
principle of inclusion and cosmopolitanism.

150
151






/
MYTH / FOLKLORE
152
153


398.8(=163.3)(049.3)
Hseopeu uayeu fpyp







-


: , , , .
key words: King Marko, Macedonian folk


Bo rakepouckofo uapopuo feopeufeo u noceuo eo uapopuufe necuu,
kako no ceojafa pojuocf, faka u no ceojafa rofuecka pasuoeupuocf, noceuo
recfo saseraaf uapopuufe yrofeopu noepsauu co nukof ua Mapko Kpane. (Re-
uyunucku, 1983) Hako Mapko Kpane e ueufpaneu nuk eo rakepouckafa encka
noesuja, kako ufo e enpoer u eo enckafa noesuja u ua ppyrufe cnoeeucku ua-
popu (yrapckuof u cpnckuof), foj, ucfo faka, oeruo e oneau u eo rakepoucku-
fe nupcku uapopuu necuu (Pucfoecku, 1987:79), sacfaneu e eo uapopuufe npe-
pauuja u pypu ce cpekaea u eo kpafkufe qonknopuu aupoeu.
Bo rakepouckafa uapopua enuka nukof ua Mapko Kpane rouue popo e
oqopreu uako e u rouue npofuepeeu. Hajecfo foj e jyuak co uafnpupopuu
pureusuu, co uafnpupopuu cunu, srejcku cuu (Roneuakoeuk, 1988:501), uekape
pypu ce nee peka u caruof e srej (Mapko, srej ru Mapko), uekape fakeafa cu-
na ce onpaepyea co qakfof ufo e sapoeu op caroeuna, eo uekou cnyau foj e
noforok ua cnaeuufe jyuauu Anekcaupap Makepoucku u Morun Bojeopa, eo
ppyru necuu ce nee peka ronerufe jyuauu eo nouoeo epere ce ueroeu noforuu
kako ufo e cnyajof co epo Hno Maneueecku sa koj necuafa eenu peka e ua
Kpanu Mapka pefefo ufu., co ufo uapopuuof neja eocnocfaeyea koufuuyufef
eo xepojcfeofo kaj cnaeuufe jyuauu.
Rpupopuufe opnuku, uo u ueofuafa cypuua, cnopep uapopuafa necua
ry ce npepoppepeuu op uapeuuuufe ufo ua fpefafa eeep ry uapekne: Map-
ko pa e jyuak,/ kora rore ouo pa nopacfu,/ ua fafka cu kocku pa ry ckpuu. Toj
nue euuo op ayp aua op 70 oku, sa koja Afauac Lonoe eo epeu sanuc op
1847 ropuua ceepou peka coupana 77 oku u ce yeana eo rauacfupof Tpecka-
eeu, una op cpepo u nyrefo ufo ry packayeane sa uea ceepoene peka po
ckopo epere ja rnepane eo rauacfupof, a nofoa ucesuana. (Lonoe, 1893)
Kako jyuak co uafnpupopuu pureusuu Mapko Kpane ua ueoueu uauu
pouea u opyje u caja punneuuua ufo ce punnu peauaecef punnu,/ ufo ru
cee ppeja u karena. Ha ueoueu uauu pouea u kon, koj eo necuufe e one-
au kako kpunaf, ufo ckoka op nnauuua ua nnauuua, unu ufo op usrpejcouue po
sajpucouue ja oukonyea uenafa serja. Hra nocecfpuru-caroeunu, kou ry no-
154
-
raraaf kora e eo ueeonja, u ua kpajof, kora eeke ue roe pa ru fpnu cfpapanafa
ua ceojof uapop, ce noenekyea eo neufepa, cnopep ppyru eo nnauuua, sa pa oc-
faeu rouocf pa ce nojaeu kora ke upe uajnofpeuo sa nak pa ry cnyu ua
ceojof uapop.
Bo ocuoea Mapko Kpane e nosufueeu nuk, upejku ro pauu uesaufufeuofo
uaceneuue, ro ufufu xpucfujaucfeofo, rpapu upkeu u rauacfupu, kako cekoj poap
xpucfujauuu fpurupu u nocfu sa epere ua Benurpeuckufe nocfu u opu ua npuecua
pauo ua Benurpeu, ja ufufu u Ceefa Fopa, u ru kasuyea ouue ufo noceruyeaaf no
eepafa xpucfujaucka. Bo epua necua pypu ce nee peka u ua uapof ry ru npecekon
uosefe po koneua safoa ufo ce oupen pa nofypu fpucfa peeojku.

Xueo eafu uapa op Cfarona,
ry npecee uose po koneua,
enu paue pypu po pareua,
ry usepfu ou op rnaafa,
u ro knape po eopa cfypeua. (Ueneukoe, 1972:90)

co uapepa cekory pa ro kayea foa ypo, u pa ro coeefyea cunyr eepa
pa ue ce reuyea. Mapko Kpane npaeu yufe ruory ppyru xyrauu nopeusu, ocno-
opyea fpu cuuupu poje, ja ykuuyea ceapapuuafa (sannafuna Mapkoea pec-
uuua,/ sannafuna cefa ceapapuua) ufu.
Ho eo useeceu poj necuu, suaufenuo noran poj, Mapko Kpane e oneau
u kako uerafueeu nuk. Toj e nujauuua, nopapu ufo ueroeuof cuu Orueu eo epua
npuropa ry eenu:

Jac ue fpeuf pa cyr uanyfeuo,
fyky fpeuf caja pa ucfprua,
pa fu serar rnaa op pareua,
ofu kora pa ce onujauuu
fu ue suauu fora ufo pa uuuu. (Munapuuoeuu, 1962:86)

-ecfo qaka onor u ce onoyea ua euafa u pefefo, yuea peua-jyuauu,
pypu u nucku popuuuu, caro safoa ufo ce nojyuauu op uero, u foa ue ru yuea
eo opa, fyky nopronuo u co usrara, ufo ue ur ponukyea ua ronerufe jyuauu,
ry ru cee pauefe ua rajcfopof ufo ry ja uanpaeun cajafa, sa pa ue uanpaeu
ppyra fakea unu noyaea op uea, ua eurafa ru yuea cufe peeojku caro safoa
ufo u ce nocreane ua ueroeafa ueeecfa peka e Kpapeuo-rpaeuo u es sakou
sereuo, a peeojkafa-Apanka ufo ro ocnoopuna op safeopof u ua koja u eefun
peka ke ja sere sa ueeecfa, nofoa no nafof ja yun ufu.
Hajpoap onuc sa qusukuof nuk ua Mapko Kpane cpekaeare eo epua
necua op peapckofo ceno Tpecoue sanuuaua op Afauac Hnuee. (Hnuee,
1890)

Op uosu ry orou uckpu nefaf,
op ycfa ry enu neuu naraf,
op uocof ry cunuu nnaruu ujaf,
op ou ry cekaeuuu nyufaf.
H uajcfpauuo ru ce nporeuuno
ua nneufu ry koye op reuufe,
ua rnaea ry kannak op eonuufe,
155

a ua ycfa ueufo cfpauuo uocuf,
kako jarue nonoeuuropuuuo.

Hcfo faka eneafnue onuc ua uapeopeuuuof usrnep ua Mapko Kpane cpe-
kaeare u eo necuafa Mapko Kpane ja ryu cunafa ojaeeua kako uapopua nec-
ua op Peceu, sanuc ua Tpajko Kufauee, (Kufauee, 1889-1890), a sa koja ce po-
kaa peka ce paofu sa ueroea nuua feopa. (Topopoecku, 1992:31)

Mu npujaeuan kona uapeuaro;
uapeuaro kona, peenaro,
peenaro kona, kpuuropo;
ru uanoun carypa kannaka,
ua kannakof po fpu ornepana,
a uap uuru nepja nayuoeu;
ru sacykan rpka rycfauua,
epeu rycfak po fpu pyua upuu;
ru uarypfun ou cokonoeu
u uap uuru eepu nujaeuuu,
kako upuu kpunja nacfoeuku;
ru onacan caja punneuuua,
ufo ce punnuf peauapecef nafu,
ufo ce uocuf kony eo rpueafa,
u ru ceuf ppeeja u karena,
a ua cepno, orre, ru npuepsan,
ufo npuepsan feuka ysporaua.
B paka ppuf oua eojuo konje,
ko jacuka fouka useuueuo;
ce uarefuan c ryua kaauuua,
ru upueef kako freu onak.
Kaj pa cfanuf Lapeu popa kona,
uno cnunje un cfauouf kareu,
ru nofoueaf kona po koneua.
Of ufo ru e cuna y jyuaka,
je npufea rajke upue serja
of feuua rppa uoceeufer,
fa ru jauf kyfpa upua serja
er ru jauf ko nuof ce fpecuf.

Uenocuo rnepauo nukof ua Mapko Kpane e rouue npofuepeeu.
Toj epuau e cuneu es repa, jyuak uap jyuauu, co ceojafa cuna u feu ua
serjafa, ry ce sakauyea pypu u ua Focnopa u ro noeukyea ua rerpau, nopapu
ufo u caruof Focnop ropa pa cnese op ueofo ua serjafa u pa ry ja sere cu-
nafa, a sa u uafary pa noepyea u pa ro ufufu uapopof, ro papyea co ufpuua.
Cuneu e po faa repa ufo fary kape ufo ke cfanue serjafa nofouyea u ocfauy-
eaaf enesu. pyr naf e cnaak koro ro sapoyeaaf u ro epsyeaaf u peua, Typ-
uu, Apanu ufu., no ufo ro ocnoopyea ueroeafa eua unu uekoe op peuafa-jyua-
uu. Hekorau e roner opeu sa npaepa u ecfoko ru kasuyea npecfanuuuufe,
ppyr naf u caruof e uenpaeepeu. H kou rajka ry, kou koja uajecfo e euurafe-
neu, epuau ja noufyea u ja npauyea sa coeef, ppyr naf, uako nopefko e rpy, ja
qaka sa nnefeuka u u ce sakauyea peka ke u ru ckpuu cfapufe kocku. Takoe ry e
opuocof u kou ppyrufe neuoeu ua cerejcfeofo.
156
-
Ho sa pasnuka op enckufe necuu, eo kou e npucyfua upeanusauujafa ua
enckuof jyuak, ocfeapeua co noefukafa ua enckafa necua, eo nupckufe necuu
Mapko Kpane e cocera nouuakoe, ceepeu e ua peanuu oeeku pureusuu. Toj e
oueu oeek, porakuu eo eopuapckufe u nasapckufe necuu, eka rocfu, npu-
cyfeu e u eo ceapeuufe necuu, eo fpypoeufe foj e koca ua nueapa ufu. Fo
cpekaeare pypu u eo xyropucfuuo-cafupuuufe necuu kora e noeukau ua peo-
oj op epua aefuua. Mapko Kpane e oneau u eo noceeu uuknyc epofcku nec-
uu, uajecfo kako ypua (onaka) nuuocf. (Pucfecku, 1994)
Rpucycfeofo ua Mapko Kpane eo nupckufe necuu nokayea peka co fekof
ua eperefo ce reuyeane uapopuufe cqakana sa oeoj jyuak u peka co ueroeuof
nuk ce noepsyeane u ppyru rofueu, kako u necuu ucneauu op ppyru nuuocfu,
nopapu ueroeafa ronera nonynapuocf rery rakepouckuof uapop.
4akfof ufo ue ce suae kape e rpoof ua Mapko Kpane uapopof ro ojac-
uyea co knefeafa co koja ro konuen sa ueroeufe snopena. Kora yun uekou op
peuafa-jyuauu caro safoa ufo une nojyuauu op uero, foj un npokonuaf: Eor
fe yun Mapko Kpeneeuke./ ufo kajpuca uoua nypo pefe, / u rpouuua pa fu ce
ue suauf. Cnopep uekou uecurypuu useopu, ueroeofo feno op Poeuue (Porauu-
ja), kape ufo saruuan, uno poueceuo u norpeeuo eo cenofo Enauuauu, Ckon-
cko. Bepojafuo ce paofu sa ckonckofo ceno Enaue, uo u oeoj nopafok fpea pa
ce npuru co corueuue saufo, kako ufo saeneyea Kupun Reuyunucku, ako
eeke uno poueceuo eo Ckonje, fenofo ua Mapko Kpane ke uno norpeeuo eo
ueroeuof rauacfup Ceefu urufpuja, nosuaf u kako Mapkoe rauacfup, eo ce-
nofo Mapkoea Cyuuua kaj Ckonje.
3a pasnuka op npepauujafa, eo rakepouckufe uapopuu necuu pefko ce
cnoreuyea crpffa ua Mapko Kpane. Moeu npuuua sa foa e ufo uapopof ue
roen pa ro npuqafu peanuuof qakf peka noeeke ry ro uera saufufuukof, ro-
eu ue cakan pa nee sa crpffa ua ceojof jyuak, a roeu npuuuafa e eo ee-
pyeanefo peka Mapko e ue, peka ce noenekon eo neufepa unu eo nnauuua,
cnopep epuu ue roejku pa ru fpnu cfpapanafa ua ceojof uapop, cnopep ppyru,
kora un npouajpeu apyfof u kora ce cospana cufyauuja u rano pefe pa roe
pa ro yue uajpopuof jyuak. Ho kako ufo cyrepupa npepauuefo, ce noenekon sa
nak pa ce jaeu eo eucfuuckuof roreuf, kora foa ke upe uajnofpeuo.
Ournepuo e peka, uako npofuepeeu, Mapko Kpane eo uapopuafa noesu-
ja e npefcfaeeu kako roner jyuak, saufufuuk ua uapopof, nocnepeu rakepoucku
kpan no koro uapopof faryean u ro eocneean, nopuruyeajku ry ro ua foj uauu
uajroneruof cnoreuuk.



Reuyunucku Kupun: (1983) - , Mucna Ckonje.
Pucfoecku Enae: (1987) , Cfypeufcku
sop, Ckonje.
Roneuakoeuk, Xapanarnue: (1988), , Mucna, Ckonje.
Lonoe, A.: (1893), ,
Rnoepue.
Ueneukoe, M. K.: (1972) , Hucfufyf sa qonknop, Ckonje.
Munapuuoeuu: (1962) , Koo Pauuu, Ckonje
Hnuee, (1890): CopuukL sa uapopuu yrofeopeuun u kuuuuua, Coqun.
Kufauee, Tpajko: (1889-1890), Eunuofeka Ce. Knureuf, II, ku. VIII. Coqun.
Topopoecku, Faue: (1992) 3a peefe noeru ua Tpajko Kufauee ua ferafa Mapko Kpane,
Cnekfap 31.
157






THE IMAGE OF KING MARKO IN
THE MACEDONIAN FOLK POETRY

Marko Kitevski

(Summary)


The image of King Marko has e very important position in the Macedonian
folk prose and poetry. Ne is the main character of the epic song, but is also present
in the lyric songs and stories.
The Macedonian folk author depicts this image, his supernatural power, his
heroic deeds, his protection of the maltreated folks with great pleasure. The
Macedonian folk epic depicts Markos birth, the coming of the fortune-tellers to
determine his destiny, his childhood, youth, many combats with various foes of the
people, relationships with supernatural creatures (combats with various beasts,
being an adopted brother to faries) etc. His relations to the members of the family
(his father, mother, wife, brother, sister, etc.), as well as the relations to other
persons with whom he deliberately or accidently contacts are depicted. King Marko
is also depicted as the one who supports building churches and monastires and as
a protector of the Christianity who severely punishes the ones that try to alter the
beliefs of the Christians.
As the last Macedonian king after the coming of the Osmans and the slavory
of five and a half centuries, the Macedonian people sing about him with great
warmth, theu praise his heroic deeds, believe that he is alive and that he will return
one day, bringing the long expected victory.


158


398:930.85
Hseopeu uayeu fpyp






-
,

: , ,
key words: folklore, heritage, culture


Roueceuu op pauuouanuuof pesou peka uus ucfopuckuof paseoj cekoj kyn-
fypeu u jasueu upeufufef roe pa ce pacnosuaea, kako noceeu npupouec eo
uapononuyeanafa ua onufufe uueunusauucku nocfuruyeana, qonknopof ro
cqakare kako feopeku poueeaua "uapopua yrefuocf" u nouupoko kako "ua-
popua kynfypa", koja fpea pa ce ueryea u pa ce kopucfaf ueroeufe uckycfea
kako uupueupyaneu (nueu) neaf sa ceenpouaorane, uauuouanuo upeufuqu-
kyeane, pyxoeuo npenopopyeane u onufo aquprupane. Efuukufe ocoeuoc-
fu eo eakeufe konekfueuu rufcku, ouajuu, feopeko-uspasuu u yrefuuku
npousuecyeana caro ke nororuaf pa ce pacnosuaeare epuu co ppyru u pa ru
uapononuyeare saepuukufe pyxoeuu urnpecuu epuu op ppyru. Cenak, fpea
pa ce ura npepeup uyuocfa pa ue ce opu eo kpajuocf, koueeuuuouanuafa fu-
nonorusauuja ua aquprupauufe fepruuu qonknop u qonknopucfuka pa qyuk-
uuouupa kpajuo auraupauo eo npenosuafnueo onpepeneuuof couuonouku cuc-
fer, sa no cekoja ueua pa ce ucfakue uueuafa feopeka unu uayua qyukuuja
kako uea unycfpauuja sa upeufufefof, ufof, na pypu u sa rufoeufe ua cekoj
uapop eo uanopufe pa ce npefcfaeu ueroeafa ucfopucka npecfuuocf npep ppy-
rufe. Epuocfaeuo, qoknopuofo orafcfeo ufo epeu uapop ro uacnepun u co
cee ro uocu kako concfeeua fpapuuuja eo coepereuocfa ue roe pa ce ofyry-
ea unu pa ce noceojyea u npuceojyea, saufo ucfofo e jacuo npenosuafnueo
cpepcfeo sa nofeppyeane ua efuukafa caroufuocf u npunapuocf. Toa e faka
saufo uauuouanuuof upeufufef poara po uspas, npep c u uap c, eo pyxoeuu-
fe epepuocfu ua onpepeneua saepuuua uapop, koj ura ener ua konekfueuo
feopeko pocfuruyeane npeky konekfueuafa reropuja u npeky konekfueuafa
coepereua ceecf. Tary ce uaora u uupueupyanuofo yecfeo ua noepuueuof
peka ue e car eo nuuuof upeufufef, saufo uero ro npuppyyeaaf konekfueuu-
fe cnoreuu. Bakeafa kynfypua unu fpapuuuouanua reropuja usrpapuna saep-
uuko cnopeneuo recfo ua epeu uauuouaneu konekfue, kape ufo ce ucnpenne-
fyeaaf ucfopujafa u coepereuocfa, fpapuuujafa u kynfypafa, rufoeufe, npepa-
uujafa, uapopuufe ouau, urpufe, necuufe ufu. Bo foj koufekcf qonknopof ke
ce cqaka u kako reuefuku pyxoeua kaferopuja (ceecf eo ceecfa), ufo ura uu-
puuuu ua "kynfypua uacnepeuocf" sa nofkpena u sa nerufurupane ua coepere-
uafa uauuouanua ceecf sa concfeeuofo ceenpenosuaeane eo ruuafofo.
159



Op norope npeseufupauofo e jacuo peka qoknopof kako kynfypuo uacnep-
cfeo (reropuja) npupepyea eosouoeyeane ua ceefof ufo noruuan, ypu
ceecf sa cnacyeane op konekfueuafa saopaeeuocf (aruesuja) ua eupfyenuafa
cfeapuocf koja eeke ce usueeana op npefxopuufe nokoneuuja, na eo coepere-
uocfa uanukyea ua jacua peanuocf. Bakeofo kynfypuo uacnepcfeo ro peakfueu-
pa saopaeeuofo ruuafo u uauuof ua koj pyxoeuo ce rauuqecfupane ueof-
uufe uaeuku, pacnonoeuuja u kynfypuo-feopeku urnpecuu. Tokry uapopuafa
fpapuuuja norara cekoj uapop pa ce cnacu op kynfypua aruesuja. ypu u npeky
rufckufe opepuu u feopeku npoekuuu kako pa ce ypu cospaeanefo ua cfeap-
uocfa op ruuafofo, unu kako pa ce npeocrucnyea uauuof sa npuqakanefo ua
uoeufe uaeuku eo uoeuof ceef ufo fpea pa ro ueeere.
4onknopof ue npefcfaeyea caro ueufo "eeke eupeuo" rafepujanuo u py-
xoeuo uapopuo uckycfeo. Hanpofue, rpuafa sa uero kako sa kynfypuo uacnep-
cfeo ura ynora ua epeu eup "cknapupane ua cekaeanefo" sa feopekufe nofeu-
uujanu ua nokoneuujafa no pop u penpopykuuja ua cefo uueuo suaene. Epuoc-
faeuo, cfauyea sop sa pokyreufupaua unycfpauuja ua cfeapuocfa koja, uako
peuec ua uekoj uauu uu ce npucfopyea kako ueufo ufo cre ro saoukonune eo
coepereuufe ueofuu uaeuku, cenak ocfauano eo uac u co uac kako fanor ua
uacnepeu feopeku fernepareuf rakap u kako uufyuuuja, unu kako nuue u
orjas (uanuk) ua uauufe pnaoko ckpueuu pyxoeuu pacnonoeuuja. Toa e onu-
uefeopeuuefo ua "uapopuuof ueof", ua oua nouupoko ufo roe pa ce upeufu-
qukyea kako reufanufef (useopuo opuecyeane epeu kou ppyr). Oepe, eo oeoj
fonkyeaku koufekcf, ura npocfop pa ja nofkpenure u koucfafauujafa ua Pupuja
Cfojauoeuk-Paqasauoecka kora ro auofupa nourof uapopua kynfypa, saeney-
eajku peka "uapopuafa kynfypa eo uaueeo coepereuue ue ce npefcfaeyea eo
qopra ua uekakoe penukf, (unu) urufauuja, oncfojyeajku epuucfeeuo eo parku-
fe ua concfeeuafa fpapuuuja", fyky uapononuyeare peka uejsuuofo oncfojyea-
ne u uafarouua ersucfeuuuja kako konekfueua reropuja ce peqnekfupaaf eo
anaucof rery fpapuuuouanuofo u ropepuofo ueeene u eocnpuerane.




4onknopof ru penpeseufupa suaenefo ua uapopof, fpapuuuouanuofo ee-
pyeane u cyeeepue, npepauujafa, ouaufe, penurujafa, rufckafa uufpocnekuu-
ja, ucfopujafa, opufe, uapopuufe necuu u npukasuu, nocnoeuuufe u noroeop-
kufe, urpufe u rysukafa, sauaefufe, apxufekfypafa, xpauafa, ufu. Bo coepere-
uoeo epere qonknopucfukafa ro npoyyea qonknopof, sa pa ry ro nofeppu cfa-
fycof ua kynfypuo uacnepcfeo, a kako uayua pucuunnuua ro nerufurupa kako
ceoeeupeu kynfypeu qeuoreu. Co foa u ersakfuo qonknopof ce npuqaka kako
uacnepeuo uapopuo suaene u yreene, kape ufo ce kousepeupauu uajcfapufe
eepyeana u opepuu rauuqecfauuu ua nokoneuujafa npep uac, a ucfoepereuo
foj npefcfaeyea u nofeppa sa ucfopuckofo fpaene ua coepereuafa uauuja kako
cypuucka papeuocf, na pypu roe pa ce fonkyea u kako uejsuu kynfypeu nop-
fpef ua pyxoeuufe epepuocfu. Tyka ce uapoepsyea u crucnafa ua qeuoreuof
peka qonknopuofo kynfypuo uacnepcfeo ura ue roeop u forau kora e sanuua-
uo eo qopra ua fekcf, unu ura koukpefeu u akfyeneu oppas ua rafepujaneu
160
-
kynfypeu uspas saufo oncfojyea kako narefene. Hcfoepereuo cfauyea sop u
sa pasypeua ceecf sa noefopyeane ua pyxoeuofo sapoeoncfeo op fpapuuuja-
fa, eps uuufo ferenu ce rpapaf uoeufe kynfypuu epepuocfu. 3afoa u pen op
qonknopof e cpepcfeo sa peanusupane ua npeuuufe eocnufuu refopu kaj uaj-
rnapufe peuafa, ua kou fpea pa ur ce npeuece ceefof op kape ufo useupa
epyfokof ua uueuuof caroceoj upeu ueof. Epuocfaeuo eau uaenofo, oua
ufo uno ce cfaea eo nosuuuja pa ro uaprpapu (uapononuu) oua ufo fpea pa
upe.



4oknopuofo kynfypuo uacnepcfeo roaf pa ro ueryeaaf u pa ro npeuecy-
eaaf caro faneufupauu noepuuuu kou uraaf papa pa uufepnpefupaaf, pa ur-
paaf unu pa packayeaaf pypu u noeeufo op reuepauuufe kou ro ocfaeune kako
konekfueua reropuja. 3afoa fpea oprauusupauo pa ce coupa, pa ce ueryeaaf
ueroeufe cakpanuu opepuu rauuqecfauuu, pa ce nee u pa ce urpa, nucreuo
unu rafepujanuo pa ce pokyreufupa. Toa e uesareunue qakfop sa oueyeane
ua cekaeanefo sa cee u sa ouue po uac, kouufo cakare nopopo pa ru sanos-
uaere. Reafof ua uauuouanuuof upeufufef ua jaeuafa ceefcka cueua ue roe
pa ce npeseufupa es rauuqecfauuufe ua uckycfeafa upneuu op qonknopof,
op uapopuafa rufonoruja u op uapopuuof fun ua rucnene. Offyka nocnepoea-
fenuo u coepereuocfa ce ryu unu nocfeneuo ce kpucfanusupa u fanou eo po-
reuof ua racoeuafa kynfypa, pyxoeuofo uacnepcfeo u eo fpapuuujafa.
161






THE FOLKLORE AS CULTURAL HERITAGE

Ilija Velev

(Summary)


The researches are directed towards the meaning of the folklore (national)
creation as one of the forms for representing the cultural heritage. The folk-culture
as a tradition or as a modernity offers personal mark for self-defining, national
identifying, spiritual renascence and worldly affirmation.

162


821.09:398.47(497)
Hseopeu uayeu fpyp



A



- J -


: , , , ,
, , , , ,
, , ,
y words: vampires, mythologizing, polymorphism, Balkan areas, metaphor, transitivity,
dynamics, adaptability, self-distraction, dependence, chaos, rebirth, eternity


Bepyeanafa eo earnupufe pafupaaf op uajcfapufe eperuna, na safoa
ue roe cocera jacuo u npeuusuo pa ce yfeppu uueuafa npeoufua npocfopuo-
epereucka pacnpocfpauefocf u qopra. Ho foa ue e cnyaj co fouo onpepene-
uafa qyukuuja ufo e noepsaua co uauuof ua ucxpauafa u oncfauokof. Hauefo
pocerauuo cosuauue ynafyea ua fesafa peka cfauyea sop sa kpeoepuu pero-
uu ufo ro oppyeaaf ceojof ueof ancopupajku ru eufanuufe eceuuuu ua u-
eufe cyufecfea. Oea uueuo ceojcfeo noffukuyea uajpasnuuu refaqopuuu
fonkyeana, kou ce noepsyeaaf co coepereuufe cornepu ua ankauckuof ape-
an, ufo ke upe noceuo ucfakuafo eo fpypof, uus auanusafa ua ruoryfe rufo-
nouku npukasuu, uapopuufe eepyeana u nuuauafa ankaucka nufepafypa.
Rpukasuufe sa earnupufe nofekuyeaaf op ppeeuufe kocrorouucku rufo-
eu, kou ro npefcfaeyeaaf uacfauyeanefo ua ceefof op xaocof kako epeeu kynfy-
peu uu ua kpeauuja eo rurof kora epuo op oecfeafa ke ru coenapa ppyrufe,
uarefuyeajku ce kako or-cfeopufen ufo ke ro npeypepu xaocof u ke ru safeopu
npofueuuuufe eo nopseruuof ceef. Op foj uacuneu uu ua nofucuyeane ua co-
enapauufe cfapu oecfea, koj ce noepsyea co eepyeanafa sa uacfauyeanefo
ua perouufe kako onoueufu ua Focnop; kpeoepuu perouu ua crpffa, enuu sa
opraspa, kouufo Aua Papuu eo ceojafa pokfopcka pucepfauuja (Papuu, 1996: 5)
ru onpepenyea kako rufcku ekeueaneufu ua earnupufe op uapopuufe eepyea-
na, eopaf nofekno rufonoukufe npukasuu sa earnupufe u coepereuufe kuu-
eeuu npefcfaeu sa uue. Ha perouonoukofo fonkyeane sa reuesucof ua oeue
rufonouku cyufecfea, ce uapoepsyea u auurucfukofo eepyeane eo peojuafa
oeekoea npupopa, koe noara op qakfof peka crpffa ue e koueuuof ucxop ua
ueofof, safoa ufo, eepyeanefo peka pyuafa, uacnpofu fenofo, e ecrpfua,
ro oeosroyea uejsuuofo coenapyeane (Kanyueecka-pakyneecka, 1998: 48).
Bo eakoe koufekcf, earnupof es corueeane roe pa ce oppepu kako kynfypua
kaferopuja uacfauafa eo ceecfa ua npeoufuuof oeek op nofpeafa sa oppy-
163
A
eane ua pepof, rupof u koucfaufuocfa op epua cfpaua u uacfojyeanafa pa ce
uapyuu faa paruofea op ppyra cfpaua, kako ycnoe sa epeu pujanekfuku npo-
uec ufo ro oeosroyea paseufokof ua kocrocof.
Tpruyeajku op pacnpocfpauefocfa, saecfeuocfa ua ueroeafa npucyfuocf
u oppnueocfa ua oeoj rofue ua uauufe npocfopu, ruory uayuuuu ro crecfy-
eaaf ueroeofo nofekno eo ankauckuof apean. Mery uue ro epojyeare rucne-
nefo ua Uou Peou uckaauo eo kuurafa Mopepuuof rpku qonknop u aufuka-
fa rpka penuruja peka earnupof e usyr ua Cnoeeuufe, kako ufo raeonof e us-
yr ua xpucfujauckafa penuruja (Lawson, 1946: 376). Ha oea ce uapoepsyeaaf u
nokoukpefuufe npefnocfaeku ua Anekcaupap Epukuep, cnopep koj knacuuuof
nour u onuk ua earnupof op noefokof ua XVII eek, uekape ua Eankauof, op
Makepouuja, npeky acuafa sa earnupu ce npouupun no Eepona (Brkner,
1985: 283). Cnuuo rucnene ura u nonckuof ucfpayea Kasurup Mouuncku,
cnopep koj rakepouckofo ure earnup nperuuyea kaj Cpufe u Xpeafufe a
nopouua op Cnoeeuufe ce npouupyea uus uena Eepona (Moszynski, 1967: 658-
659).
Bo npunor ua oeue fesu opaf u npefnocfaekufe ua cpnckufe ucfpayeau
Tuxorup Fopreeuk u Becenuu -ajkauoeuk peka uajcfapufe npukasuu sa earnupu
npousneryeaaf op eepoasuckafa cfena u op ankaucko-auaponckuof npocfop,
asupauu eps uusa aufpononouku ucfpayeana sa eepyeanafa eo oeaa nojaea
fokry ua oeoj fepeu, op aufukafa po peuec (-ajkauoeuh, 1973: 306). Kornapu-
pajku ru nocrpfuufe ouau ua noeeke ppeeuu uapopu, -ajkauoeuk ke saeneu
peka ouajof ua yeane ua rpfeofo feno npep norpe ro cnoreuyea epuucfee-
uo Anynej eo ceoufe Mefaropqosu (Apuleius, 1975: 2, 21) nouupajku ro ua fepe-
uof ua Tecanuja eo rpapof Papuca. Oeoj ouaj po peueueu peu ce sappan ua
ankauckuof npocfop, popeka ofcycfeyea kaj ppyrufe ppeeuu unu coepereuu
kynfypu, kako ua npurep uupuckafa, ufo opu eo npunor ua fesafa sa aefoxfo-
uocfa op oeue npepenu. Tonkyeanefo sa ueroeofo uacfauyeane ce noepsyea co
nocfuruyeanefo ua uenfa pa ue ce poseonu uekoe peroucko ueofuo (nfuua,
kyuna, raku, rnyeuu) eo koe ce uaora ueuja pyua, pa ry uaufefu ua rpfoee-
uof npeckokuyeajku ro u npefeopajku ro eo earnup co pyua ufo ke fanka uoke u
ke ur uauecyea ufefa ua ueufe (Manuuoe, 200: 61).
3a cfapocfa ua eepyeanefo paea npurepu u Cnoopau 3eeeuk (3ee-
euh, 1981: 126), koj eo ceojafa kuura Mufcku cyufecfea ua cpnckufe npepauuja
ro usuecyea nopafokof peka eepyeanefo eo earnupu ce cnoreuyea eo Hecfopo-
eafa xpouuka op XI eek (Tokapee, 1957) u eo yuauoeuof sakouuk, eo koj, eo
neuof 20 ce npepeupyea kasua sa cufe fue ufo ru uckonyeane u ru cnanyeane
fpynoeufe ua yrpeuufe nyre, nopapu yuuufyeane (Hoeakoeuh, 158). Cnuuu
feppena usuecyea u Tuxorup Topqeeuh (Topqeeuh, 1953:151) kora uaeepyea
peka eo uekoj rnaroncku pakonuc, sa koj P. Cfpoxan feppu peka nofekuyea op XV
eek op Ceuckafa uckynuja po ocauckafa rpauuua, ce uaoraaf saknefeu op
earnupu-eonuu (Strohal, 312-316).
Hreuo, cnopep yeepyeanafa u ua ppyru uayuuuu ufo ce sauuraeane co
oeaa nponerafuka, uako, no pacnpocfpauefocfa ce yuueepsanuu, kocrorouuc-
kufe rufoeu ce coyeauu eo ran poj, npefeuo eo uacnepcfeo ua ouue uapopu
ufo ja urane faa cpeka pa sappaf uekakoe cnoreu op ppeeuafa kynfypa
(Papuu, 1996: 5). Oeue rufonouku npukasuu co fekof ua eperefo cfauane pen
op uapopuofo eepyeane sa earnupufe, koe npefcfaeyea ueucupneu useop sa
kuueeuocfa ua peueuuufe ankaucku ppaeu. Ha eakeufe apfeqakfu sa no-
164
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feknofo ce uapoepsyeaaf fonkyeanafa ua coepereuufe kynfyponosu u couuo-
nosu, kou ro noepsyeaaf Eankauof co nourufe sa fpausufuocf, puuaruuocf,
saeucuocf, uenpuqafnueocf, kou, refaqopuku rnepauo, acouupaaf ua sanap-
uufe uraronouku npefcfaeu sa oeoj apean uspeeuu eo ruorypojuufe cfypuu
ua noeeke ucfpayeau. Kako nosuaajua ke ja cnoreuere rouorpaqujafa 3a-
rucnyeajku ro Eankauof ua Mapuja Topopoea (Topopoea, 2001: 176), eo koja
jacuo ce uarnacyea fonkyeanefo ua nourof ankaucko eo sanapuuof pakypc
ua rnepane kako eankauocf, kannueocf, uecfaunuocf, uenpepeupnueocf af-
puyfu ceojcfeeuu u sa ojacuyeanefo ua apxefunof ua earnupof. opeka Bec-
ua Fonceopfu eo kuurafa Hsrucnyeane ua Pypufauuja pupekfuo ru nocoyea
earnupufe kako ankaucka onacuocf, onuuaua u eo ruory poraueckuu ocfeapy-
eana ua Eeponejuufe. 3erajku ru npepeup cufe npefxopuo uaeepeuu cerreufu
sa oncfojyeanefo ua rofueof ua earnupof, op kocrorouuckufe rufoeu po pe-
ueuuufe yrefuuku ocfeapyeana, roe pa ce kae peka earnupof, es corue-
uue, e pen op ankauckafa kynfypua ucfopuja epuakeo npucyfua u eo concfee-
uufe sarucnu, ucfo kako u eo fyrufe npefcfaeu sa uero.
Cera, kora po uekape ycneaere pa ja npofonkyeare sarafkafa sa nofekno-
fo u pacnpocfpauefocfa ua earnupof ua ankauckufe npocfopu, ueruuoeuo ce
nocfaeyea npauanefo soufo oeoj ueceeceu konekfueeu apxefun ycnean pa ce
coyea po peueuuu puu u koja e ueroeafa qyukuuja u suaene sa oeue npepe-
nu?
Bfereneuu eo oeekoeuof uarou u ofeopeuu kou cnoopafa, noepsyeajku
ja npupopafa u pyxof, apxefunoeufe uocaf curonuku nofeuuujan, koj roe pa
poue pasnuuo fonkyeane. Bo npoponeuue ke ce ocepuere ua eapujauuufe
ua ueroeofo kynfyponouko fonkyeane noepsauo co ankauckofo nopueje.
Rpep c, eo uero ce kpue rouocfa sa uapruuyeane ua pasnuuocfufe u
norupyeane ua cnpofueuufe ceefoeu, uo u cnocouocfa pasnukufe pa ce npef-
eopaf eo aufarouusru. A propo npefxopuo uckaauofo, ueroeafa ynora eo co-
epereuuof kynfypeu koufekcf ce ceepyea ua refaqopuuo npefcfaeyeane sa
cocfojafa ua Eankauof u sa sanapuofo ofqpnane ua oeoj npocfop kako eepon-
cku co ornep ua ueroeafa, npep c, uerafueua cfepeofunusauuja noepsyeaua co
snofo. Mapuja Topopoea oea ocoeuo ro uarnacyea popaeajku peka uerafueua-
fa ceecf sa cee, nepu uap Eankauof cnuuo kako u cunuofo ueopopyeane u
oranoeayeane koeufo poara opuapeop (Topopoea, 2001: 54). Bo eakoe kou-
fekcf ankauckafa eeponeusauuja ce uuu kako ueufo feuko useopnueo, op
epua cfpaua nopapu koucfaufuafa opueuocf, koja ce rpapu eo ceecfa ua
3anapof, sa Eankauuufe kako sa saocfauafu eo paseojof, co ceou ypuu ouau
u ueoproeopuo opuecyeane, a op ppyra cfpaua, nopapu anpuopuofo opueane
ua efopufe, ua sanapuufe cfaupappu u qopru ua ueof, kou uur ue roaf pa
ur pouecaf uuufo popo.
Cnopep ncuxoauanufukafa pequuuuuja sa rufof kako sa cefuneu npuer,
earnupufe ce pen op uerafueuafa ekeueaneuuuja eo popopefenfa ua oeekof.
Aua Papuu eo ceojafa kuura Mofueof ua earnupof eo rufof u kuueeuocfa
nocoyea peka eo uaykafa ce crefa peka eo rufckuof ceef uafnpupopuufe cyu-
fecfea npefcfaeyeaaf noceeu nepcouaneu oppas ua eoouaeuufe qopru ua
ueofof, ocoeuo ua ouue ufo pejcfeyeane rucfepuosuo, uako une cekojpuee-
uu (Papuu, 1996: 17). Co ceoufe uspaseuu aufponoropquu u uafnpupopuu ceoj-
cfea, earnupof, opuocuo ueroeuof rufcku ekeueaneuf, coepueuo ce eknonyea
eo oea. Bo nekcukorpaqckofo fonkyeane ua fepruuof earnup ce npennefyeaaf
165
A
pee cqakana: cfapo, auurafucfuko
1
, cnopep koe earnupof e perou ufo kako
rpfoeeu poara rery nyrefo pa ur uauece sno, uecpeka u npepuseukyea crpf co
uuuane ua kpe u nornapo - auurucfuko
2
cqakane eo koe earnupof e ueucfa
pyua koja ce npefeopa eo nukof ua nokojuukof ufo kako rpfoeeu ce nojaeyea
rery nyrefo u ru epuu ucfufe paofu
3
(Papuu, 1996: 19). Herafueuafa qyukuu-
ja ua earnupof e uarnaceua u eo peefe qopru ua eepyeane. Offyka npousnery-
eaaf u ppyrufe afpuyfu ua earnupufe noepsauu co nourufe ua snofo u nop-
serjefo, kako ufo ce fepuoropquocfa, feruuuafa u uuuanefo kpe.
3a kuueeuafa fpapuuuja uajecfo ce epsauu nornapufe auurucfuku
eepyeana peka perouonoukufe cyufecfea op cufe eupoeu, epojyeajku ru fyka
u earnupufe, nofekuyeaaf op ueucfufe nokojuuuu kako ufo ce uekpcfeuufe pe-
ua, caroyujuufe, npokonuafufe nyre, osereuufe nyre op pyxoeu u ueucfu
cunu (Toncfoj, Papeukoeuh, 2001: 383). oponosuafufe rakepoucku uapopuu
eepyeana eo pyxof ufo ro sanocepuyea porauuofo runeuue ce oueeauu eo
packasof yxoeu e kyka op Xueko -uuro. Recof, koj eo noefokof ro npefcfa-
eyea uukapuupauuof pyx ua npepuufe eo qarunujafa, upyea sanocepuaf op
uoe, son pyx. Cfapeuof, koj ce uaora eo penauuja co snuof pyx ckpueu eo ne-
cof (Kanyueecka-pakyneecka, 1998: 124), ro ofkpuea u ro nocoyea oeoj ene-
reuf ua porakuuof, koj ro yuea necof, u noefopuo, kako eo rufonoukufe no-
rupyeana, ro eocnocfaeyea rupof eo kykafa. Ho foa e caro npueupuo upejku
pefefo-packayea uaeecfyea peka cera porakuuof-yueu e oncepuaf co son
pyx, ufo acouupa ua feukofo cnpaeyeane co oeoj perou, koj nopapu ueroeafa
cnocouocf pa ce fpaucqoprupa eo pasnuuu qopru ycneuuo ro useruyea
yuuufyeanefo. Recof u eonkof ce uajecfafa fepuoropqua ukouorpaquja ua
earnupusrof kaj noeeke uupoeeponcku uapopu. -ajkauoeuk eo ceojafa kuura
Mufof u penurujafa kaj Cpufe uaeepyea ruory npurepu op cnoeeuckufe, uo u
op rpkufe, reprauckufe u kenfckufe serju (-ajkauoeuh, 1973: 322), kape ufo
ce cpekaeaaf eepyeanafa peka rpfoeuufe ufo usneryeaaf op rpooeufe uraaf
onuk ua eonuu, uo u sa eonuu eo kou e uukapuupaua pyuafa ua nokojuuuufe u
fokry safoa earnupufe eo ruory kpauufa ce uapekyeaaf eonkopnauu (Cnu-
poecka, Bpauuoecku, 1988: 8). Bakeafa pacnpocfpauefocf u eupousreuefocf
ua eepyeanafa uaeepyeaaf ua saknyok peka fue ce ruory cfapu u peka uajee-
pojafuo nofekuyeaaf op eonjafa npefcfaea sa orof op ponuuof ceef (-ajkauo-
euh, 1973: 458). Boepuo u ruory kynfoeu ua oroeu u rufonouku cyufecfea op
narauckufe penuruu ufo ce noepsauu co uapcfeofo ua rpfeufe, urnnuuupaaf
uerafueua eanopusauuja, noepsyeajku ce co sacfpauyeakafa enakuecfa perou-
cka eonja qopra, co euenefo, rpusenefo, uesacufuafa nakorocf u feruuuafa
(Durand, 1991: 77).
Bo kuurafa Mefaropqosufe ua earnupof Mapuja Lapoeuk ojacuyea
peka eo cpnckuof kopnyc ua npukasuufe co earnupof foj cekorau ce nojaeyea eo
uokfa u peucu cekorau eo fpapuuuouanuo ueucfufe peuoeu (op Eouk po
Cnacoepeu), fakauapeeuu uekpcfeuu peuoeu, sa pa ucesue co npeufe nefnu.
Lapoeuk feppu peka cpnckafa kuueeuocf ue eupena earnup ua ceefnuuafa ua

1
Bepyeane kaj npurufueuufe uapopu peka c ufo nocfou e ueo u ura pyua.
2
Pauupeuo eepyeane kaj npurufueuufe uapopu sa pejcfeofo ua pyuafa u pyxoeuufe cunu eo
npupopafa.
3
Cnopep rufof, earnupof u perouof ce epuo ucfo, popeka eo qonknopof ua ankauckufe
uapopu, earnupof uajecfo e pyuafa ua son npepok.
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peuof ufo ke cfaue npueuneruja sa coepereuuof earnup ocnoopeu op fa-
yafa ua uapopuufe npepauuja (Lapoeuh, 2008: 197). Hokfa op nonuok po npeo-
fo neene ua nefnufe fpapuuuouanuo ur npunara ua earnupufe u ppyrufe ue-
ucfu cunu u eo rakepouckufe eepyeana sanuuyeauu eo uapopuafa rufonoruja
ua Makepouuufe op Tauac Bpauuoecku. (Bpauuoecku, 1998: 227) Bpereu-
ckufe oppepuuuu eo eakeufe npurepu op arnerafcku fun, kako ufo e ear-
nupof, feppu Lapoeuk, ocfaeaaf ranky npocfop sa uekou nokpynuu usreuu
(Lapoeuh, 2008: 197). Hcfofo ce cnyyea u co pureusujafa ua npocfopof, koja e
cfporo pequuupaua eo parkufe ua eeke nosuafufe earnupcku recfa. Rpocfop-
uufe fonouuru kape ce uaora earnupof kou cekorau ce ueucfu ce rpauu-
uufe recfa: rpouufa, eopeuuua, packpcuuua, kpcfonaf, ceuuuuu recfa. Bak-
eufe npefcfaeu sa oruneuufe fonocu u epere ua nojaeyeane ua earnupufe
roe pa ce noepsaf co koucfaufuafa ankaucka nosuuuja ua packpcuuua rery
ucfouafa u sanapuafa uueunusauuja, co feukofuufe ufo ce jaeyeaaf npu npe-
ruuof op epua eo ppyra cqepa u uecurypuocfa ufo co cee ja uocu eakeuof
npocfop. Taa rerynonoa e uenopuocnue onuk ua nocfoene saufo apa ro-
nera yreuuocf eo cnpaeyeanefo co enujauujafa ua cnpofueuufe cunu, eo uue-
uofo reryceuo anaucupane u ycornacyeane c popeka ue ce nocfurue xap-
rouujafa. Ersucfupanefo eo fakeuof npocfop e saeucuo op cnocouocfa pa ce
oppu ueofuafa paruofea eo ceecu u eo ceojafa okonuua. A foa e useou-
pepuo feok nofqaf ufo fpea pa ce useepe ua eefpoeufuof u pasuuuau rocf,
koj e caro pen op nafof ufo fpea pa ce usopu. Bakeuof fonoc ua onacua ue-
cfaunuocf fpea ufo nockopo pa ce noruue, saufo foj ue roe uuufo popo
pa pouece. Hanpofue, foj op cekorau osuayean pacuenkauocf u sno u un oru-
neua refaqopa sa Eankauof, ucfo kako u caroyuuufyeakafa pecfpykuuja ua
ueroeufe ufenu, kou, kaauo co rufonouku peuuk, cu ja nujaf kpefa epuu ua
ppyru.
Kpefa u ucnueanefo ua kpefa, uako uajnpenosuafnueu earnupcku ocou-
uu eo coepereuafa racoeua kynfypa, ueraaf suaene ua refaqopu caro ua
ocuoeuofo uueo. Bo coepereuuof ceef rouocfufe sa fonkyeane ce sronery-
eaaf safoa ufo earnupof ue ropa ucknyueo pa upe oeeko cyufecfeo, koe
ura xunuofuku sannauyeaku nornep u ocfpu sau ufo ru sauea eo pfeafa.
Barnupusrof roe pa ce fonkyea eo uajpasnuuu kouofauuu noepsauu co ua-
cuncfeofo u pfeafa, pypu roe, kako ufo ojacuyea Lapoeuk, pa ofcnukyea u
npuenekyeane ua kanufanof, koj Mapkc ro onuuyea kako rpfea paofua cuna
uj keanufef ua oncfauok e npaeonponopuuouaneu co konuecfeofo kpe ufo ke
ycneaf pa ja ucuuuaaf op ueafa paofua cuna (Lapoeuh, 2008: 150). Bakeuof
eup refaqopuuocf cfou eo ocuoeafa ua earnupusrof ua Cureou heroeau op
Rekukeeofo peno 3nafuo Pyuo ufo ro auanusupa Lapoeuk, npoponyeajku no-
uafary: Toa ue ce earnupu kakeu ru nosuaeare eo kuueeuocfa u fpapuuujafa,
fyky epuocfaeeu curon ua eeuofo epakane rery ueufe u nocfojauofo npo-
ponyeane ua cerejuafa nosa nop nukof ua epuucfeeuuof Cureou, ouoeyea-
ne ua nosafa eo cekoj noepuueeu uacnepuuk, apxucfapocf ua cerejuuof kanu-
fan (Lapoeuh, 2008: 150-51). Bo oea rafepujanucfuko fonkyeane ua earnu-
pusrof npucyfuo e u curonuuofo suaene ua saeruufe saeucuocfu eo kanu-
fanucfukofo onufecfeo... Rapasufckuof opuoc ua earnupusrof neu eo oc-
uoeafa ua cekoja ueparuonpaeuocf, nofuuefocf u saeucuocf ua epeu puckypc
op ppyruof kako eo cnyajof ua ankauckuof op eeponckuof. Kora ro eenure
oea, rucnure npep c ua cnepuoeo. Ekouorcku popo cufyupauafa Eepona u
167
A
roeno pa ce pee peka ry ro ponu ceojof paseoj ua uepaseueuuof Eankau, op
koj ru upnu npupopuufe pecypcu u oeekuof nofeuuujan. Cfauyea sop sa an-
kauckafa useosua nonufuka ua cypoeuuu ufo ce npepaofyeaaf eo eeponckufe
serju, a nofoa kako rofoeu npouseopu noefopuo ce yeesyeaaf ua Eankauof, uo
co ruory noeucoku ueuu. Tyka, cekako, cnara u yeesyeanefo ua sacfapeuafa
fexuonoruja op Eepona sa crefka ua useosof ua eucokoukonyeau rnap kapap
op Eankauof kou Eepona.
Cekako peka oeue napanenu uraaf ranky saepuuko co rufckufe npef-
cfaeu sa earnupusrof oceeu ako ce nornepuaf u ce npofonkyeaaf paofufe re-
faqopuuo. Hcfofo roere pa ro koucfafupare u sa Rekukeeuof earnup op
porauof Kako pa ce ynokou earnupof, koj peucu uera uuufo saepuuko co
funuuafa npefcfaea sa earnupof. Cfaupappuafa ukouorpaquja sa earnupof e
norecfeua; aefopof ua rurukpucku uauu ja sanouyea nonerukafa co ucfopu-
jafa ua rnaeuo sanapuoeeponckufe upeu u upeonorujafa ufo ro cospana earnu-
pof Koupap Pyfkoecku. Heroeufe nucra ce ucnonuefu co Rekukeeofo rnepane
ua eperefo kako noeekecnojua pureusuja, kape ufo noepuueuof, rnaeuo, ueee
caro eo epuafa op uue (nypunofo u xanyuuuauuufe ce cocfoju kou oeosroy-
eaaf nperuu eo ppyra pureusuja) safoa eo qycuofufe ua porauof ce epuu
uayua auanusa ua ueroeafa ceecf (Lapoeuh, 2008: 242). Packayeanefo eo
oeoj porau e ucfoepereuo qaufacfuuo (co earnupusrof u perouckuof xpouo-
fon crecfeu eo ceecfa ua jyuakof) u rurefuuo (npeky npefcfaeyeanefo ua pe-
nofo eo ucfopucku koufekcf), op ueufo reuane roe pa ce eupu uapafueuo-
fo jappo ufo ro crecfyea jyuakof eo saepuuuafa u eo ueroeafa euafpeuua
ceecf (Lapoeuh, 2008: 243). Bps ocuoea ua eoeuufe cnuku ufo useupaaf op
jyuakoeafa nofceecf, usneryeaaf rpofeckafa u qaufacfukafa ua fekcfof, kou ce
opuecyeaaf ua earnupoeofo ruuafo, earnupof ufo c yufe ue e ynokoeu u
nocfojauo cospaea uoeu cnuku.
Ropeneuocfa ua porauof, ueroeafa nuckocf co uafnpupopuofo u ocnopy-
eanefo ua uafnpupopuofo, cospaea kuueeuo peno es noeufa sa peuaeane.
Pukof ua earnupof oproeapa ua pyxoeeu earnup (koj ce opu co penafueuafa
naua pocnepuocf ua xuneppauuouanuofo rucnene), koj ua kpajof ke ce yuuufu
caruof ceecu. Oeaa nojaea ua earnupof oproeapa ua nojaeafa ua efopuof nuk,
koj ce uacnapyea co rnaeuuof kako oepuef earnup ufo ja cnepu kpefa. Fnoro-
euof koneu ua cparof, koj caruof cu ro npukoean ua nofceecfa, pypu uu cnopep
raruckufe nponucu ue e poeoneu pa ro ynokou. Toj caro ry ro oueeosroyea
peuenefo. Ho efopuof nuk, kako ufo saknyyea Lapoeuk, ue e peaneu earnup,
fyky kako eucfuucku earnup, foj ja snocfaeyea pfeafa; rnoroeuof koneu e rnoroe
koneu ua cparof; raruckufe nponucu ue ce poeonuu sa eakoe earnup pa ce
ynokou, reryfoa eo cornacuocf co fpapuuujafa foj ce epaka no ceoefo kora ke
pojpe eperefo u kora ke uacfauaf eucfuuckufe okonuocfu, jyuakof cnoufauo ru
ocnoopyea earnupckufe roku. Rojaeafa ua earnupof e refaqopuua u kako
fakea e ueeosroua pa ce yuuufu upejku poara op carufe uac (Lapoeuh, 2008:
243-44). Heyuuufnueocfa ua earnupusrof ce ferenu ua upejafa sa
npoponyeane ua oeekuof ueof po eckoueuocf no ucfuof fepk no koj ce
opeuean ueofof npep crpffa. Bcyuuocf, earnupusrof ce cocfou op cospaeane
upeufuua pennuka co opuruuanof kora un ue u kako fakoe e sapopuu ua
uckyueuuefo ua aufpononoukofo sno, koe uacfojyea pa ce eferenu eo ceecu.
3a pasnuka op popofo, koe ja npefnocfaeyea cnpofueuocfa u pasnujefo, snofo
cekorau uacfojyea pa ce eferenu eo ceecu, pa ja coyea ceojafa upauuouanuocf
ua xepoj ufo noeeke ro uera, uo cenak e npucyfeu eo uauafa ceecf.
168
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Ha cnueu, nocnoeu uauu, -uuro eo Bnyeuuof pyx ja nokayea upa-
uuouanuocfa ua xepojof. enupuuufe cocfoju ua ncuxafa eo uecpekuafa ny-
oe ce reuaaf co earnupcku rofue eo epua usrecfeuocf ua peanuocfa u xa-
nyuuuauujafa, enafa u couof (Kanyueecka-pakyneecka, 1998: 125). Xepo-
jof-uapafop ynafyea ronufeu sa pa ce epafu ueroeafa nokojua nyoe, sa faa pa
ce epafu kaj cenckuof yufen, koj ru packayea uejsuuufe nocefu, rery ppyrufe,
u ua caruof uapafop. 3nuof pyx ua euafa-earnup eo oeoj koufekcf roe pa ce
fonkyea kako oppas ua noeukyeaof ua nyoefa / ucnpakaof ua ronufeu, koj
oajuuku u roeu co nperonera posa cekcyanua euepruja cospaea upauuoua-
neu, qaufacfueu cnoj ua nyoefa (cekcyanuuof uarou) u crpffa (snuof pyx).
Hueuafa cnpofucfaeeuocf e caro npueup, saufo epocof u fauafocof, opuocuo
paranefo u crpffa, ce reryceuo ycnoeeuu u cekorau ce nojaeyeaaf saepuo.
oruuauujafa ua epuafa op uue ue suau ofcycfeo ua ppyrafa, fyky uejsuua na-
feufua ckpueuocf sap npeeesof ua roreufanuafa npucyfuocf. Hueuafa ucfo-
epereua ersucfeuuuja eo uac ro oppepyea uauuof arueaneufeu opuoc kou u-
eofof u crpffa. Kako ufo eenaf ncuxoauanufuapufe, ecfo nafu cakajku eo
uenocf pa ueeere ce usnoyeare ua crpfua onacuocf, a eo cfpae op uea
refaere sa esepuocf u cnokoj, kou nocfojaf caro eo crpffa (Klajn, 1993:
194). Op oeaa arueaneufua penauuja npousneryea uueuafa reryceua ycno-
eeuocf, nuckocf u qafanua npueneuocf.
Hcfuof arueaneufeu opuoc ce npenosuaea eo noepsauocfa ua Eankauof
co Eepona. Eepona e earn-euafa ufo cee sno u eosuerupeuocf kaj Eankauuu-
fe, kou c yufe refaaf no uea. Taa e euuoeuukof sa cufe uueuu ueeonju, kpea-
fop ua cufe eoeuu pejcfea ufo ce cnyyeaaf ua uueua fepufopuja, uo ucfoepe-
reuo, faa e u cfapafa para ufo c yufe ro npuenekyea uueuofo euurauue u
sacnyyea pecnekf. Bakeafa penauuja uanukyea ua opuocof ufo ro eocnocfaey-
ea qafanuafa nyoeuuua kou ceojof neceu nneu, ycrpfyeajku ro eo ekcfasafa
ua saeruofo sapoeoncfeo. H nokpaj c no uea ce konuee opuoeo u nocfojauo eo
eckoueuocf, kako u no npukasuufe sa uecnokojcfeofo ua oeekoeafa pyua no
crpffa, kou ro sarpsuyeaaf spueof.
yoefa u earnupof ce fecuo noepsauu u eo packasof Barnup op Ref-
pe M. Auppeeecku, koj sanouyea co epakanefo ua rpfeuof Hajpeu, poeepeu
op uekoj eefepeu eufen, cpepe uekoja peua rafuua, pa upe pasypeu ua ue-
koe eucoko u paneuo ppeo (Auppeeecku, 2007: 300). Rocoyeajku ro saropof
ua cenauufe op ncuxonoukufe uanapu ufo Hajpeu eps uue ru usepuyea, aefo-
pof ce npeuacoyea kou Hajpeuuua, uajusrayeauuof nuk, koj ja npesera opro-
eopuocfa op uenofo ceno sa earnupoeufe uanapu, ucfoepereuo cooyeajku ce
co crpffa ua conpyrof, opuocuo co ueroeufe uaepakana kou uea.
Rofoa, rnaeuuof nuk ua Refpe M. Auppeeecku ueuapejuo ja reuyea uero-
eafa peeujaufua uera: op ncuxonouko fepopusupane nperuuyea ua xaofuuo
kpapene. Kpape epuo ane fyfyu [...] epua kona fukeu [...] epua uusa nunepku
[...] (Auppeeecku, 2007: 303) u pasuu ppyru paofu op cenauufe u, ufo e yufe
noypuo u nouufepecuo, ykpapeuafa cfoka ja crecfyea kaj Hajpeuuua, foprosej-
ku ja cera co oepckafa pa ur ru epaka paofufe ua nyrefo uu ufo op epeu
xaoc npouukuyea ppyr. Taka ufo ue caro ufo nyrefo nouaa pa kpapaf epuu
op ppyru, fyky u carafa Hajpeuuua usryu crefka ufo e uejsuuo, a ufo ykpape-
uo. Bo npoponeuue ua packasof, eo uenafa spka ua koj ufo ykpan, cenauufe
ce oepuuyeaaf okony upejafa peka Hajpeuuua e euuoeua sa c u ja oeuuyeaaf
eenejku yrpu op rnap kako u uue, uena ropuua, ufo yrupare op cfpae (Au-
169
A
ppeeecku, 2007: 304). Kako nocnepeu oajuuku uu, fue noeukyeaaf noeeu ua
earnupu, koj epua rucfepuosua uok nyka co nyukafa kou Hajpeu, sa caro ua-
pepuuof peu pa usnese peka pfeafa e Hajpeuuua, ufo npefcfaeyea uok sa uue
u sa cenauufe op cocepuufe cena, kou poaraaf pa ceepoaf sa rposoropuuof uu.
Kocrorouuckafa npukasua eo oeoj rukpokocroc, co koueuuof uu ua npo-
neeanefo ua kpefa ua pfeafa/raeuuka (npepuseukaua op racoeuafa xucfe-
puja ua cenauufe), e kornnefupaua. Mufckafa ouoea ua kocrocof e npocnepe-
ua npeky epakanefo ua pepof eo cenofo. Aefopof ue ro peuaea u ue ro peruc-
fuquuupa rufof sa earnupof uanpofue, packayeajku ja npukasuafa kako uee-
reuau uanypyea, oeosroyea rufof sa earnupof pa npoponu pa nocfou u
pa urnnuuupa oppepeuu suaena npeueceuu eo uauuof coepereu koufekcf.
Op foj acnekf, earnupof ua Auppeeecku ournepuo e onuuefeopeuue sa xaocof
ufo roe pa ce npeuece ua nouupoka noea. Offary u cfpaeof op nocfojuua-
fa ua earnupufe saepuo co cfpaeof op uue kako cyufecfea ufo ro uapyuyeaaf
upunuuofo cnokojcfeo ua pepof u nopepokof. Creuyeanefo ua pepof u uepe-
pof, ua kocrocof u xaocof, kasuufe u npecfanufe, npefcfaeyea cyufuua ua ua-
uefo ueofuo ersucfupane ua ankauckuof npocfop ufo eo ruory cerreufu e
noepsauo co npouecof ua ouoea u cospaeane ueufo uoeo. Bo opuoc ua eoou-
aeuuof pep ufo enapee eo Eepona, koj e poap sa yueane, uo rofueauucku
uenpopykfueeu sa feopeufeofo, uepepof ua Eankauof pejcfeyea cfurynafueuo.
Xaocof op koj uacfauyea penofo, koe ro curonusupa sapoeoncfeofo op cospa-
eanefo ua uoeuof rukpokocruku nopepok, npefcfaeyea nofeppa sa rokfa ua
kpeafueuuof npuuuun, uo u sa eufanuocfa ua npocfopof op koj penofo poara.
Toj npocfop e npenonu co euepruja, epaxuoeeu co cnenafa cuna ua cfuxujuocfa
kako uenoenua uyuocf ufo ja uocu nporeuafa. Takeu oeneja ura oeoj uau
npocfop, kojufo nocfojauo e nopnoeu ua fypyneuuuu op perouckufe cfpacfu,
ucnuuyeajku kpeauuu ufo nofoa cfauyeaaf npurep sa pyxoeuuof pep. Toj e py-
xoeeu npocfop op koj nofekuyeaaf ruory kpeauuu, sarucnu u eoopasu ua ny-
refo. Epuu op uue ce rufoeufe u qonknopuufe eepyeana sa earnupof, kou ro-
e pa ce nouupaaf ua noeeke recfa eo ankauckufe npocfopu, jaeyeajku ce kako
pyx ufo ua ncuxonouku nnau ru eosuerupyea pfeufe. Hueuofo jaeyeane eo
oeaa npuropa ro npocnepuere npeky penafa ua Eopucnae Rekuk, Xueko -uuro u
Refpe M. Auppeeecku, eo kou foj e npefcfaeeu kako ecfenecuo, ueropanuo
cyufecfeo uu pena cospaeaaf uecnokojcfeo, uecpeka, crpf, uo ucfo faka foj ce
jaeyea u kako cnpofueuocf ufo ja npefcfaeyea ppyrafa cfpaua ua ucfafa pean-
uocf, kako rnaeeu cnupufyc roeeuc ua oeekoeofo nocfoene, co coopeefuo sua-
ene eo ropaneu koufekcf u onecuyeako yecfeo ua ocnoopyeane op eoc-
nocfaeeuuof nopepok. Bo uajuupoka crucna, npukasuufe sa earnupufe u ear-
nupusrof kou c yufe ce crefauu sa rucfepuosuu cyufecfea, ja npefcfaeyeaaf
kocrorouuckafa ocka sa peuenefo ua ceefof. Op fue npuuuu fue u uafary ce
akfyenuu eo uapopuafa ceecf kako u eo yrefuukafa u racoeuafa kynfypa ua
Eankauof.


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Apuleius, L. 1975.The Metamorphoses book.edited by E.J.Brill.
Brkner, Aleksader.1985. Mitologia slowianska i polska, Warszawa.
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Goldsvorti, Vesna. 2005.Izmiljanje Ruritanije. Geopoetika: Beograd.
Klajn, Hugo.1993. Frojd, psihoanaliza i literatura. Matica srpska: Novi Sad.
Lawson, Cuthbert John. 1946. Modern Greek Folklore and Ancient Greek Religion. New
York.
Moszynski, Kazimierz. 1967. Kultura ludowa Slowian. Kultura duchowa. II.Warszawa.
Strohal, R. Zbornik za naroden ivot. Arhiv na JAZU, knj.xv.


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Auppeeecku, Refpe M. 2007. : . Taepuakyn. Ckonje.
Bpauuoecku, Tauac. 1998. . Hucfufyf sa
cfapocnoeeucka kynfypa:Rpunen u Mafuua rakepoucka:Ckonje.
Topqeeuh, Tuxorup.1953. (
). CAHY: Eeorpap.
3eeeuh, Cnoopau. 1981. . Byk Kapaquh, Efuorpaqcku
rysej: Eeorpap.
Kanyueecka-pakyneecka, Pupuja. 1998. . Marop.
Ckonje.
Manuuoe, 3opauo. 2001. . Hucfufyf sa
qonknop: Ckonje.
Hoeakoeuh, Cf. .
Papuu, Aua. 1996. . Rpoceefa: Eeorpap.
Cnupoecka, P. Bpauuoecku, T. 1988.
. Hucfufyf sa qonknop: Ckonje
Tokapee, C. A. 1957. . Mockea.
Toncfoj, C. Papeukoeuh, . 2001. (
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-ajkauoeuh, Becenuu. 1973. . Cpncka knueeua sappyra:
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Eeorpap.

171






VAMPIRISM AND ITS METAPHORES
IN THE BALKAN AREAS

Jasmina Mojsieva-Guseva

(Summary)


The work is dedicated to the motive of vampire and its most different
metaphorical interpretations relating to the contemporary perceptions on the
Balkan areas. The distinctions regarding its appearance, character and possible
physical forms are selected out as a specific entirety. I drew special attention to the
mythological and demonological presentation and representation of the vampire
thus being in relation to the interpretation of its primary negative metaphorical
meaning. The importance of the occurrence of the vampire in the oral folk beliefs
has been considered which as for the antiquity and the number implicates the
conclusion on its origin from the Balkan topos. Those are considered comparatively
with its transposition in the contemporary literary forms. In addition, different forms
are marked in the presentation of the collective and individual notional
interpretation for example becoming a vampire as a consequence of sinful life,
metempsychosis (transmigration of souls), the motive of the deceased beloved
person, the motive of reincarnation, the motive of vampirism as social evil and etc.
All those forms are related to the foreign and national presentations of the Balkan
areal.

172


392.51 (497.772)
Hseopeu uayeu fpyp










: , ,
key words: wedding, Struga, folklore


Onacfa purkon ce npofera ua ucfouufe napuuu ua nnauuuafa Jana-
uuua u no cnueoeufe ua neeufe npufoku ua Upu pur u cenckufe peku: Lyr,
Beeaucka Peka, Janauuka Peka u ppyru noranu peku. Taa npefcfaeyea
reorpaqcka uenuua, koja cnopep uekou npupopuo reorpaqcku noceuocfu, roe
pa ce nopenu ua Fopeu u oneu purkon. Fopeu purkon ro saqaka npepenof
op ceeeposanapuofo kpajpeje ua Oxpupckofo Esepo u ceeeposanapuufe pe-
noeu ua Mokpa Rnauuua (Anauuja) u npeky jyroucfouufe napuuu ua nnauuua-
fa Janauuua c po ropuuof fek ua Janauuka Peka, opuocuo po nop cenofo
Janauuua ua ceeep. 3a oeoj npepen eo nufepafypafa ce cpekaea u urefo
Cfpyuku purkon
1
.
Cfpyuku purkon eo ceojof cocfae ura 15 cencku uacenu u foa co
cnepuaea pasrecfeuocf op jyr kou ceeep: Papopa, Manu Bnaj, Kanuufa, 4pau-
roeo, Paponuufa, 3arpaauu, Lyr, Buuuu, onua Eenuua, Okfucu, Fopua Ee-
nuua, Eopoeeu, Ropropuu, Payuuufa u Beeauu.
Cenofo Beeauu ce uaora 14 kunorefpu ceeeposanapuo op rpapof Cfpy-
ra, eo nusuua ua nafof koj eopu sa eap, eo nnopuafa ponuua ua Upuu pur,
nop nnauuuafa Janauuua.
Bo cenofo ura 39 raana. Hufepecuu ce urunafa ua oeue raana cnopep
kou u recuufe ufenu eo npesurefo ro uocaf u uueuofo ure. Rouyeajku op no-
efokof ua cenofo, na uarope foa ce cnepuufe: Kanauoj, Lypauou, ackanou,
-oopou, Aeparoj, Mykoeuu, Rapfanoj, Pofej, Yrpuuoj, Eafkoj, eckoj, Pasroj,
Fuuojuuu, Benkoj, Kooj, Eeekoj, Kufauoj, Lyfuuoj, Kanajuuuu, Rynuuoj, Koc-
fojuuu, Kykoj, Lekyfkoj, Keoj, Eorojoj, Ronej, Pycej, 3yuoj, Papuuu, Lopeenkoj,
Foroj, Eyauoj, Ronoj, Fopejkoj. -auoj, Jaukoj, Anynoj
2
.
Bo oeoj fpyp ke upaf onqafeuu ceapeuufe ouau ua ufenufe op oea
ceno.

1
. Mupjaua Mupeecka, Xueeanuufa eo Cfpyukuof purkon koufuuyufef u nporeuu,
4-5, Ckonje, 1994 rop.
2
. Joeau Ronoecku, purkoncku sanucu, Ckonje, 1971 rop., cfp. 17

173

Cerejcfeofo ce crefa sa ocuoeua epuuka ua onufecfeeuuof ueof u ce-
koj ra un poneu pa ocuoea cerejcfeo. Cenofo ce rpueno cekoj cnocoeu
ra pa ce oeuu. Cekoj cakan pa ura ceoe cerejcfeo, opuocuo paeu ppyrap,
safoa u rnapufe epoeuu u epoeuuu ce npeeuyeane f.e. nperayeane. Ro npa-
euno cekoe rauko nuue ropano pa ce oeuu u cekoja peeojka pa ce orau. Of-
cfanyeana urano pefko. Cfanyeane eo pak u ouue kou urane uekakeu fenecuu
uepocfafouu.
3a foa, kora peeojkafa roe pa ce orau, peuaeane uejsuuufe popufenu.
Ouuo ce cepuyeane u raukufe u euckufe ua cepyruaecef po peaecefro-
puuua eospacf. Maenefo, opuocuo euenefo openo no pep, no cfapocf u
fyka uerano npeckokuyeane. Rpeo ce euen uajcfapuof cuu, na nofoa u nora-
nufe. Meryfoa urano ucknyouu, kora cecfpafa roena pa ce orau npep pa-
fof, ako sa foa ce nojaeena popa npunuka.
Kaj rnapufe op peafa nona nocfoena npupopua ena ceoefo pauo
npauane pa ro peuaf cnopep concfeeuufe enu, noffuuu u kpufepuyru, re-
ryfoa uueuuof sop npu usopof ua pauuof napfuep un upeneeaufeu. ypu u
saoukoneuofo uufepecupane ua peeojkafa sa epreuof unu opafuo, ce crefa-
no sa ueponuuo u cparuo. Hsopof ua pauuof ppyrap uajecfo ro epuene
popufenufe. Cekoj porakuu eopen crefka rorunafa u peeojkufe op ueroeafa
kyka pa ce oeuaf f.e. oraaf ua epere u no pep. Bo faa paofa yecfeyeane u
euufe, upejku ce pacnpauyeane sa ppyrafa cfpaua u sa uejsuuuof pop. Ou-
ua paofa uno popufenufe pa uajpaf u pa ucnpocaf peeojka sa ceojof cuu,
uako foj co uea uufy pasroeapan, uufy nak ja eupen. Hrano cnyau rorefo u
peeojkafa pa ce eupaf pypu ua eeuaekafa
3
.
3a pasnuka op cufyauujafa eo ruuafofo, kora cenckufe roruna ue ro-
ene pa ce oeuaf npofue eonja ua popufenufe, eo nouoeo epere opnykafa sa
cfanyeane eo pak rnaeuo ja pouecyeaaf rnapufe. Cornacuocfa ua popufenufe
e caro qopranuocf.
Ocoeuo ce euuraeano pauuof ppyrap pa upe op ucfofo ceno. Hrano
cnyau pa ce apa sef op ppyro ceno unu nopaneua okonuua. Ako peeojkafa
opu pa apa sef op Eopoeeu, Ropropuu, Payuuufa ce crefano peka faa opu
npeky Hseop, a ako e op Buuuu opu npeky Janau.
Bo foj cnyaj ce crefano peka peeojkafa e ypyk. Ocoeuo euuraeane
pauufe ppyrapu pa ue ce eo kpeuo cpopcfeo uajranky fpu koneua.
Rpu cfanyeane eo pak ce eopeno crefka sa sppaecfeeuafa cocfoja ua
rnapufe, uueuafa ecuocf, kako u ua ropanuufe ocouuu ua uueuufe cerej-
cfea, urofuufe cocfoju u ppyro. Yufe op nopauo cfapufe rnepane u euuraea-
ne ueeecfafa pa e op kapakfepua kyka (pa uera ueropan), pa e orafa (op
oak pa e).
Ocoeuo rnepane peeojkafa pa e sppaea u epepua, upejku faa e uocufen
ua feuuafa ua kykafa, eo neanapckufe kpauufa kako ufo e cenofo Beeauu.
Hra cnyau kora sefof u ceekpeafa ja qanaf ueeecfafa peka faa e fonky sppa-
ea u jaka, roe pa pouece nonoeuua koncku foeap ppea op nnauuua.

3
. Kapakfepucfueu e cnyajof co Pofeecku Mapko, no nofekno op Beeauu, ueeen eo Oxpup.
Beepuo epere npopaean osa no ynuuufe ua Oxpup. Eun cepueu co peeojka op Beeauu koja
ufo eoonufo ue ro nosuaeana. Rpopaeajku osa un yueu. Kora ro pouene eo Beeauu u ro
cfaeune ua opapof, forau ueeecfafa sa npenaf ro eupena u pypu forau ce enyuna, upejku
un ruory nueu. Cufe papoeu ufo une uareuefu sa uero, ru cfaeuna ua opapof. Rocne
ponru ropuuu ce nperauna, reryfoa co efopuof ra uerana peua. Kora u yrpen raof, faa
eo pasroeop co ceoufe cocenauku pasroeapana kako pa ce paofu sa npeuof eepeuuk. Taa c
yufe anena sa uero uako ue ro nosuaeana.
174

Morefo npep c fpea pa e sppaeo u jako sa pa roe pa opu ua nean-
a, pa neanu. Tpea pa e op popo cerejcfeo u pa e orafo. Roceuo une ue-
uefu ouue roruna kou caru cospane orafcfeo, a ue ro uacnepune.
Kora nocfoena curnafuja unu ena kaj epeu op rnapufe, ecfonafu ce
npureuyeana nyoeuafa raruja.
Ro cknyyeanefo ua pakof rery rorefo u peeojkafa, npaeuno uno pe-
eojkafa pa nperuue eo kykafa ua rnapoeueuof. Op foa npaeuno ce ofcfanyea-
no rouue pefko. Kora rnapoeuuufe nperuuyeaaf eo kykafa ua ueeecfafa ce
uapekyeaaf porasefu. orasefof ja uran ucfafa enacf uap ceojafa eua kako u
ouuuof ra. Toj ro sappyean ceoefo npesure koeufo ro npeserane u conpy-
rafa u peuafa. Pefko ce cnyyeano porasefof pa ro npuqafu npesurefo ua
ceojafa conpyra. Toj ja npuqakan kykuafa cnaea ua conpyrafa, a ua cnaeafa ua
ueroeafa kyka ce neeno caro ne.
Paseopufe ua pakoeu eo Beeauu une ruory pefka nojaea. o foa ro-
eno pa pojpe caro ako ueeecfafa una ueropanua. ypu u ako cerejcfeofo
uerano peua, ue ce paseepyeane. Kora urano fakoe cnyaj ce eeneno: fakea
ur una cypuuafa.

T

Ha cekoe cknyyeane pak, ry npefxopeno cfpojuukyeane u cepuyeaka.

1.

Kako ufo eue uaeepeuo, usopof ua pauuof ppyrap un ucknyueo ua
popufenufe. Kora popufenufe ke peuene pa ro euaf cuuof (kojufo ue creen
pa ce npofueu ua uueuuof usop) fue uaorane oeek f.u. cfpojuuk opuocuo
cfpojuuua. Tue serane yecfeo eo ruory pejuocfu ufo u npefxopene ua ceap-
afa. Bo Beeauu urano pea eupa cfpojuuuu: ueuefu sa rnapu nyre u ueue-
uefu sa paseepeuu u epoeuuu. Cfpojuukof e no rauka nuuuja u ouuo e pop-
uuua ua sefof koj ura uekakea epcka co peeojkafa. Meryfoa, cfpojuukof ue ropa
pa ru nosuaea uejsuuufe popufenu. Co ornep ua foa ufo cfpojuukof uran eaua
ynora u seran eupuo yecfeo eo ruory pejuocfu ufo u npefxopene ua ceapa-
fa, co cfpojuuknyk ce sauuraeane eeufu nyre, kou yueane ronera poeepa.
Toj ro penpeseufupan cerejcfeofo ua upuuof rnapoeueu, ro qanen rorefo u
ueroeofo cerejcfeo kaj peeojkafa u uejsuuufe popufenu, a qarunujafa, cojof ua
peeojkafa ru qanen kaj rorefo u ueroeufe popufenu. Cfpojuukof fpeano pa
coepe coopeefuu uuqoprauuu sa rouafa upua ueeecfa, pa ro suae uejsuuofo
nofekno, rupasof u pa ce uuqoprupa sa rouuof ofkyn ufo ke ro apa uejsu-
uofo cerejcfeo. 3a cfpojuuk ouuo ce seran oeek koj un sopnue, yreen pa
qanu, un aefopufafueeu, c co uen pa ru yepu popufenufe ua peeojkafa. Toj
uran sapaa ua uajeeuf u uajpunnorafcku uauu pa ro npenopaa ceojof kau-
pupaf, eo cnyaj kora rouafa npunuka epepena sa foa. Muoryruua ce euene
ua foj uauu ufo popufenufe npeky cfpojuukof ur uaorane paua peojka, a
rnapufe sa npenaf ce rnepane ua eepupafa unu eeuaekafa.
Cfpojuukof, kykafa ua peeojkafa ouuo ja nocefyean eo cpepa u foa uc-
knyueo uaeeep, co uen pa ue upe saeneau op uukoj op cenofo sa pa ue
ry uanpaeaf raruja. okonky cfpojuukof ue ro nosuaean cerejcfeofo ua peeoj-
kafa, kora ke enesen eo kykafa cepuyean po oruuufefo u co rauafa eepuau
nouyean pa reua eo oruof, pasropyeajku ro co uen pa ce cunu paofafa sa koja
175

e npafeu. Co foa porauuufe suaene soufo e pojpeu rocfuuof, a pokonky cfpoj-
uukof ro nosuaean cerejcfeofo ua peeojkafa, eepuau kayean soufo e pojpeu.
Cfpojuukof uukorau ue un rpyo opueau. okonky popufenufe ua peeojkafa
ue une cornacuu pa ja papaf, ouuo ua cfpojuukof ry eenene peka c yufe e
rana sa raene. A pokonky ce peoyrene u urane curnafuu kou rorefo,
forau eenene: Ke eupure, a ce epafu fafko u op neana, He cre cnper-
uu u cnuuo. Taka cfpojuukof u no uekonky nafu ja nocefyean kykafa ua peeoj-
kafa. Meryfoa urano cnyau popufenufe ua peeojkafa eepuau pa ce cornacaf
co cfpojuukof. Bo foj cnyaj, cfpojuukof kora ke ce epafen eo porof ua rorefo
ua porauuufe ur eenen: Hanpajfe ru uepef. Op foj roreuf ce crefano
peka e papeu sop u peka peeojkafa eeke ue e cnoopua. Hrano cnyau peeoj-
kafa pa npaka cfpojuuk, reryfoa sa fakeafa peeojka ce crefa peka faa uera
keanufefu u epuocfaeuo e uypeua.
Bepuau no paeanefo sop, pokonky ue uno efopuuk unu caofa, nuc-
kufe popuuuu u npujafenu ua sefof opene ua aueene kaj ueeecfafa, kape
ufo ucfo faka ru npeekyeane uajnuckufe. Heeecfafa usneryeana u ur auy-
eana paka ua cufe npucyfuu, a fue ja papyeane co ckporeu akuuu. Taa cpep-
a una co uen pa ce sanosuaaf upuufe ceafoeufuuu.

2.

Hseecuo epere no paeanefo sop, ce npaeu cepuyeaka. Cepuyea-
kafa ce npaeu eo kykafa ua popufenufe ua peeojkafa, kape ufo poaraaf ceafo-
eufe. Ceafoeufe, uajnuckufe popuuuu u npujafenu ru npepeopu cfpojuukof,
ceekopof u ceekpeafa. Ha foj peu ce uocu uuuauof
4
. Co npepaeane ua uuua-
uof ce crefa peka peeojkafa u rorefo ce cepueuu, opuocuo peka peeojkafa e
kanapeua. Cepuyeakafa una suaaeu roreuf ua ceapeuuof opep. Mnapufe
c po ceapafa ue ce rnepane, peeojkafa ce kpuena op cerejcfeofo ua rore-
fo. Taa uocena ypyc, a ufor ke ce oraena packouua rapara co fpu pana
kecruna eesoeu u cpepeu npcfeu co karuna ufo u ru nopapun sefof.
Rpu poaranefo ua ceafoeufe, ueeecfafa ce kpuena eo noceua npocfopu-
ja. Taa usneryeana npu uueuofo ucnpakane u ur akuyeana paka. Cekoj op uue
ja papyean, a faa ur eosepakana co opanu, uaruu, kouynu, uaruuna. 3a
cufe nucku ua sefof ufo ue ce npucyfuu ua eepupafa, papoeufe ur ru uocu
cfpojuukof. Op cepuyeakafa po ceapafa roeno pa noruue pocfa ponro epe-
re, uajranky fpu ropuuu, a roeno u noeeke. 3a foa epere ce noprofeyeane u
epuufe u ppyrufe. Ce cnyyeano nopapu eojua, opene ua rorefo eo eojcka
unu neana, cepuyeakafa pa ce npoponu ua noeeke op fpu ropuuu. eeojka-
fa ro cnperana eusof, ja kornnefupana ceapeuafa, a ucfo faka u uenafa
npasuuua u cekojpueeua oneka, koja fpeano pa u cnyu po kpajof ua ueo-
fof. oroeopufe ufo ce epuene npep ceapafa eo epcka co nopapouufe, ceap-
euufe fpououu u eusof ru epuen cfpojuukof.



Ceapufe eo Beeauu ouuo ce npaeene suruo epere, kora ce epakane
neanapufe.

4
.Kucka op ocunek co nofku op ppeu epsauu co upeeuo eonueuo koue, u ce npaeu kuee. Ha
koueuof ce oecyea cpepeua napa.
176

Ceapufe eo ruuafofo fpaene ekynuo epua cepruua, a peuec fue fpaaf
caro epeu peu.
Yufe eo uepenafa, upuafa ueeecfa co ceoufe ppyrapku opena eo uyra ua
epene fpecku, kou ke ce ynofpeaf sa neene ua ceapeuufe norau. Cufe
ppyrapku ua ueeecfafa fpeckufe ru uocene eo porof ua sefof, a ueeecfafa ru
ocfaeana nopaneky op ueroeafa kyka. Tue fpecku ru seran unu uekoj nusok op
kykafa ua sefof unu uekoja op ppyrapkufe ua ueeecfafa ru uocena kaj sefof.
Bo cpepa, oneeuu eo ceeeuu oneku, nucku popuuuu op cfpauafa ua
sefof, ucknyueo eucku rnapu u cfapu, co uafoeapeu kon co ufo opaf ua eo-
peuuua, ua renene ufo. opeka ce reneno ufofo fue neene opepuu necuu:

Rpeeuuna ce kenuua
npeky eucoka nnauuua.

He eue una kenuua
fyk eue uno peeoje.
eeoje c rore sopeeue:
epu kenuuo ue nyufaja,
feoja pa e qanafa,
roe pa upuf rorefo.

Hcfuof peu ce epakano pauuofo, ce ceeno u receno norau sa kauene ua
nuckufe npujafenu u popuuuu op cfpaua ua sefof. Ce recene u po 80 norau.
Ceapafa sanouyeana co kauene rocfu, a saepuyeana co eopene ua ue-
eecfafa no eopa eo kykafa ua rnapoeueuof. eefe cerejcfea oppenuo ru ka-
uene rocfufe.
Bo cpepafa npefnnapue, nucka popuuua op cfpaua ua sefof, raeua a
ue peeojka, nporeuefa eo ueeecfuucka uocuja ru kauena caro sakouuuufe: ky-
rof, cfpojuukof u ajpakfapof. Eajpakfapof un sef op kykafa, a ajpakfapuuafa
ueroea eua. Kauakafa uocena fkaeua fopa eo koja une cfaeeuu noraufe u
ppeeua nnocka co euuo, ykpaceua co cpepeu uakuf. Taa ru kauena co sopoeu-
fe: a noeenufe ua ceapa, kaj fafkofo op sefof. Hr paeana norau u pa ce
uanujaf op nnockafa (kajueuuuuafa), koja nofoa nokauefufe ja pononuyeane
co euuo unu eopa u u ja epakane uasap ua kauakafa.
Bo efepfokof u nefokof kauakafa ru kauena ocfauafufe nucku popuu-
uu u npujafenu, ucfo faka co noraa u nnocka. Bo nefokof ucfafa kauaka ja ka-
uena u ueeecfafa, uo es noraa. Bo caofafa nonnapue, co npuppya ua ry-
suka ce kauene nopaneuufe npujafenu co feckepe, co ufo kauenefo saepuy-
eano. Rpep pa ce opu ua kauene ua nopaneuufe npujafenu, peafa nopafuru
(uajnucku popuuuu epeu op cfpaua ua rajkafa ua sefof, ppyr op cfpaua ua faf-
kofo), urpaaf uekonky ceapapcku opa. Ropafurufe saepuo co rysukafa (cnuka
1) ro saoukonyeane cenofo u co feckapuna ru kauene nopaneuufe npujafenu.
Ro eeepa, nopafurufe saepuo co rysukafa ro serane kyrof u ro uocene eo
kykafa ua rnapoeueuof. Kyrof un uenpukocuoeeua nuuocf. Bo caofafa ua-
eeep cufe nokauefu opene eo kykafa ua sefof. Oeaa eeep kapakfepucfueu e
ouajof uuene npcfeu, koj ce useepyea npep eeepafa.
Ha koneuafa ua kyrof ry cfaeane ckyfuuk, a uap ckyfuukof akapua fe-
ncuja nocnaua co kpna eo koja urano aua euuo, neuuua, kouku uekep, nofku
op ppeu u kucka op ocunek. Kuckafa op ocunok u nofkufe op ppeu ce rofane
177

co upeeu eonueu koueu, uuufo epeu kpaj ce ocfaean cnoopeu pa eucu. Koueuof
ue ce epsyean ua rnyp. Ceekpeafa eo kece ry ro uocena anpakof, fyufypuuafa
u urnafa, kako u cpepeuufe napu co anku. Kyrof ua koueuof op kuckafa ru uuen
anpakof, fyufypuuafa u urnafa, a nofoa ce uuene cpepeuufe napu
5
.
Ofkako c uno rofoeo, kyrof co fencujafa ru saoukonyean npucyfuufe
rocfu u cekoj paean napu cnopep ceoufe rouocfu. Oeoj uakuf, ueeecfafa ro
uocena uecf uepenu no ceapafa. Bo caofafa no nonuok, npu kpajof ua eecen-
afa, eo porof ua rorefo nornapufe recene npecua noraa fakauapeeua
ceaka. Ceakafa ce recena kaj ueeecfafa. 3a ueno epere popeka ce recena
noraafa, ce neene opepuu necuu, uus kou ce ucrejyeane ceakafa u ueeecfafa.

Rocapun ru pepo, yuyr,
pauu en ocunek.
Mu ce uayune, auyr,
po pee po fpu roru
Eocunek pa epaf, yuyr,
Rop nepo npasoeo,
Mu ja qafun pepo, auyr,
uajcfapafa rora.
Mora ry croneue:
Ryufu re reue pepo,
Ryufu re reue pepo, auyr,
Ja cy fu euyka.
Kakea ru eue euyka, auyr,
ufo apaue fyka?
Mu ja qafun pepo, auyr,
uajranafa rora.
Mora ry ce roneue:
Ryufu re reue pepo,
Ryufu re reue pepo, auyr,
ke fu ja nyufa rajka.
-yry ru e cfapa, auyr,
ko cu qafue rnapa.

Mopu ceake pyrynake,
Co ufo kepka ce qance!
Hrar kepka paofuuua
uapeop refu e kyku uocu
yuuufefo op rperefo.
Bupu pasoj na ce ypu,
ufo e oea ukpunua punua.
Bupu uepkea saruuuja,
eupu nneeua npekepcfu ce.
Rpu recenefo ua ceakafa, eo fecfofo ce cfaeane kouuu u fenoeu, sa
noraafa pa e ufo nojaka.

5
. Ha rnaeafa ce cfaea cokajefo, cneuujanuo npaeeuo sa npuupane ua kocafa. Ha cokajefo
ce npuuepcfyea raparafa, a ua enofo uap raparafa ce cfaea fyufypuuafa npuuepcfeua ua
fpu recfa. Hap raparafa ce pepu urnafa foa e uakuf koj ucfo faka ce sakayea ua fpu
recfa.
178

Oeoj opep saepuyean co kpuene ua noraafa, kora ru safeopane sefof u
ueeecfafa. Ouaj uno uecepueuufe pa japaf op faa noraa.
Bo caofafa uaeeep eo porof ua ueeecfafa ce coupane ppyrapkufe u
ce eeneno: pyrapkufe opaf ua roene. Torau ce neene opepuu necuu:

eeojka e seneu op capuna,
op capuna ory ce ronuna:
aj oe roj op pa nopacue,
pa ce kaar ua eopeoj opoeu,
pa opnefar npu rope ranuja,
pa ro eupar roero penuja.
Ouoj neu eo uepuu saupauu,
paue ry ce cuuup eopsauu,
uose ry ce feuko ykoeauu,
nyoe ura ue roe pa nyu.

Hekonky ppyrapku ocfauyeane ua cnuene kaj ueeecfafa u pauo yfpepeufa
saepuo co ueeecfafa uenporeuefu, opene ua eura pa ce usrujaf. Canyuof co
koj ce ruena ueeecfafa u ro paeana ua uajpopafa ppyrapka sa u faa pa ce rau.
Bo uepenafa, f.e. ua peuof ua eeuaekafa, eo porof ua sefof ce coupa-
ne uajnuckufe popuuuu u npujafenu yufe eo 10 acof uayfpo. Hue ru urano
okony 50 60 nyre, kouufo opene ua npcfeu kaj ueeecfafa (cnuka 2 u 3). Taf-
kofo ua sefof, f.e. ceekopof uocen pucaru, eo kou ce uaorana npcfeuapckafa
noraa, koupypu sa uajnuckufe eo kykafa, uueuuof npcfeu saeufkau eo pusa,
appak co pakuja u saponufenuo pua. Op kykafa ua sefof npeo usneryean aj-
pakfapof (cnuka 4), orafo uakufeu u saurpyean, a nofoa ce saurpyeane koupy-
pufe u pynakof koj ru uocen epeu op nopafurufe, ce saurpyeana u npcfeuap-
kafa u ce fpruyeano kaj ueeecfafa. Bo kykafa ua ueeecfafa ceapapufe ru e-
kane uejsuuufe nucku u cepuyeane ua raca. Tafkofo ua ueeecfafa u fafkofo
ua sefof ceeeuo sacfauyeane epeu cnpofu ppyr u npcfeuapckafa noraa cfa-
eeua uap ppyra noraa ce cfaeana npep fafkofo ua sefof. Tafkofo ua ueeecfafa
op ceekopof apan napu co sopoeufe: Konky ke ru nnafuu? Torau ceekopof
eapen napu u ry nnakan. Ce kpuena noraafa. Ceekopof cekorau kpuen noro-
ner pen. Roraufe ru penene cekoj ua ceoufe rocfu.
Ceekopof ry ja npepaean pusafa co uueuuof npcfeu u pucarufe ua fafkofo
ua ueeecfafa. Hakufof op uueuuof npcfeu ce cfaean ua ueeecfuuckafa uocuja.
Ronnapue, ceafoeufe op kykafa ua sefof fpruyeane no ueeecfafa. Rpep
pa ce opu no ueeecfafa epep ro puen sefof. Eupejku, ueeecfafa ouuo
una op ucfofo ceno, no uea opene neuku, a ako faa una op ppyro ceno, ope-
ne co konu.
Ceafoeufe op cfpauafa ua ueeecfafa une eeke cnperuu u ru ekane
ceafoeufe op cfpauafa ua sefof. Co carofo npucfuruyeane fue eneryeane eo
kykafa. 3efof u nopafurufe cepuyeane op epua cfpaua, a ocfauafufe op ppyra
cfpaua. Rouyeana ueperouujafa. Cufe npucyfuu ru cnyene co uepef. oa-
ran pafof ua ueeecfafa co yufe uekoj neu op uueuofo cerejcfeo u ceeeuo
ua sefof ry ja cfaeane sefoeckafa pusa, npu ufo sefof fpeano pa ru papyea, a
uypafa ry ypupan unakauuua ua sefof. Toa osuayeano pa ry e eeua u ecfu-
fa euafa. Ropouua poarane nopafurufe kaj ueeecfafa, kojaufo peeojkufe (op
cfpaua ua ueeecfafa) ja kpuene eo noceua npocfopuja u ue ru nyufane nopa-
179

furufe pa enesaf es pa nnafaf sa ueeecfafa. Op uapeop u neene necuu ua
ueeecfafa:

Hsnesu rore, usnesu,
pea nopafuru fe ekaaf,
ekaaf er fe eukaaf.

He roa rajko pa usnesa,
ruory cre qapa popuuuu.
yp pa ce npocfa op uuru,
po fora ueka ekaaf.

A uejsuuufe ppyrapku u neaf:

Rofnapuan ru roner onak
eo roruuu peopoeu.
Cou coueeue peeojkafa
ua rajka cu kayeaue:
Oj fu rajko, runa rajko,
ufo cou cyr couyeana.
Rapuan ru feuku onak
Bo uauuee paruu peopoj,
eo rarna cueu rynau,
eo rynau cue cokon.
Oj fu kepko, runa kepko,
ue ce fue feruu onak,
fyk ce fue ceafoeufe,
cuejof cokon rorefo.

Ro nasapenefo ua nopafurufe sa ofkyn ua ueeecfafa u nnakanefo, fue
eneryeane kaj ueeecfafa. H ru onekyeane koupypufe, a faa ur apana pa u cfa-
eaf napu, upejku koupypufe u une roneru. Ha rnaeafa u ro cfaeane eeuefo u
pynakof. Heeecfafa ur paeana ua nopafurufe pyek. Ha nyp ce cfaeano
epua uuuja co raua u kpueu ne, es nauuu, sa pa japaf co paue. Ro ja-
penefo ueeecfafa ur nofypana eopa pa ce usrujaf, ur nopapyeana pusu, ur a-
uyeana paka u ur ce noknouyeana co npoufanuafa ueperouuja, npocfyeajku ce
co ceoufe popuuuu. Toa uno epeu op noceeeuufe roreufu eo ceapeuufe ou-
au eo oeoj kpaj. Rpocfyeanefo ro sanouyeana op fafka cu u rajka cu u ocfaua-
fufe popuuuu. Ha nocfapufe ce knanana no fpunafu, ru auyeana u ru papyeana
co eonueuu opanu u apana npouka op cekoro. Torau peeojkafa pequuufueuo ja
ocfaeana ceojafa kyka u saruuyeana eo kykafa ua uejsuuuof upeu conpyr.
Ceafoeufe usneseuu uapeop ja ekane ueeecfafa pa usnese, kojaufo op
pora ja usuecyean paf, opuocuo pafyepufe u op cfpaua ua fafkofo u op
cfpaua ua rajkafa. Co usneryeanefo op kykafa ueeecfafa nee:

3oryr, npoufeeaj rajko, rajuue,
npu ppyra rajka ofupear,
npu ppyra rajka ceekpea.
3oryr, npoufeeaj fafkyne,
180

npu ppyru fafko ceekop ofuear.
3oryr, npocfeeaj pafyne,
npu ppyro pafyne peeepe ofuear.
3oryr, npoufeeaj cecfpyne,
npu ppyra cecfpa soneyne ofuear.

A ceafoeufe op kaj rorefo u eosepakane co necuafa:

Hsnesu rore, usnesu,
usnesu rposje uepeeuo,
pea nopafuru ekaaf,
ekaaf er fe eukaaf
co ucep eeueu ua peka
u cpepeu nopcfeu eo peka.

Epafof, opuocuo pafyepufe ja uocene ueeecfafa po upkeafa. H op kaj
ueeecfafa u op kaj sefof une oesepeuu nyre kou ce rpuene pa ue noruue
uekoj rery uue. Rocfoeno eepyeane peka ako uekoj ru paspenu no naf po upkea-
fa, ke ur npeu eo ueofof. Ro naf sa eo upkea ce neeno:

Mope osupuu ce ja peeojko,
ufo fe rajka eukaaf,
ufo fe rajka eukaaf.

Mope ako eukaf ueka nykuuf,
e re uepaeana,
e re uepaeana.

Mope ja ka opa, ja ka opa,
ke re nypo uocuf,
ke re nypo uocuf.

Mope nypo uocuf, nypo uocuf,
uepkeu rauacfupu, uepkeu rauacfupu.

Mope ke ru pepuf, ke ru pepuf,
feuka eeuauuua, feuka eeuauuua.

Co npucfuruyeanefo eo upkeafa nonof ru cnojyean. Ropafurufe ua se-
fof ja npeserane ueeecfafa, a uejsuuufe nopafuru cu opene pora. Co saep-
uyeanefo ua ueperouujafa eo upkeafa, ceafoeufe op cfpauafa ua sefof ce
epakane eo ueroeafa kyka.
Yufe nouufepecuu ouau sanouyeane no naf kou porof ua sefof. Rpu
openefo ua ceapeuafa noeopka po upkeafa u nofoa po kykafa ua sefof, ceko-
rau ce openo no pecuuof naf. Ro nafof op upkeafa po kykafa ua rorefo ce ur-
pano u ce neeno:

a suaeu, nypo, pa suaeu,
konky e ana sa rnapocf,
181

ua nopfu u re ekano,
op kona u re crefuano,
eopa u re uanuno,
no ckana u re kauno,
eo opaja u re opueno,
ua kpeeef u re cepuano.

-ekaj, ekaj jyuakoea rajko,
cuu fu upef kako cueu cokon,
cua fu uocu kako epeuua.

Co eneryeanefo ua ceafoeufe eo kykafa ua sefof, ua epafa ru npeekyea-
ne peajua rnapu nyre, kou eo epuafa paka ppene noraa, a eo ppyrafa nofku
op ppeu, po kou ru ypupane cufe ceafoeu, nouyeajku op sefof u ueeecfafa.
Co poaranefo ua ueeecfafa eo kykafa ua rnapoeueuof, ucfo faka cne-
pyeane uufepecuu ouau. Heeecfafa ja npeekyeane co necuafa:

opo fu eeep, ceekpeo,
an fu or popo, cuaeyne.
an ru srofee eeepa?
3rofeue, fu srofeue cuaeyne,
fynauo sene, ufupeuo,
co cekupa ppoeuo,
eo ceunapckofo konaue eapeuo.

onefano nuuo nune,
Bo uauaea nuua kyka.
Tyk ce ypu, fyk ce rucnu,
of ke nune pa usera.
Pypo ry ce runuo ronuf:
ueroj, nune, ue erajru,
ke fe paua co ufo cakau,
co neneu, cyeo rposje,
uerpe rope rpyfka uekep
Taka nune kaupucano.

Heeecfafa eneryeana eo kykafa co pecua uora. Ha uapepafuukof, npef-
xopuo ceekpeafa urana cfaeeuo racf u ueeecfafa co carofo eneryeane co
pecuafa paka qakana op racfa. Toa ro curonusupa orafcfeofo ua kykafa. Op
euafpeuuafa cfpaua ua kykuuof npar, ua nopof ce cfaeana akapua fencuja co
ufo, ououu u cpepo. Heeecfafa co pecuafa uora eneryeana eo fencujafa.
Ceekpeafa u paeana pee norau nop ruukufe u ryre co eopa eo pecuafa paka.
Ceekpeafa ru papyeana ueeecfafa u sefof co pusu u ru auyeana, a nofoa ja
euecyeana ueeecfafa eo kykafa
6
.
Rpeo ceekpeafa ja ykana ueeecfafa op oakof, ru serana noraufe u ru
cfaeana ua oruuufefo. Rofoa ja cepuyeane ueeecfafa fpunafu ua ckyf kaj cee-

6
. Kykafa npocfopuja kape ufo ce uaoraaf uoueufe, cuuujafa, nypof koj ce cfaea ua
uoueufe u knauukof.
182

kpeafa, e kpuno u cfaeane rauko pefe u u paeane pa sacee fpunafu pauuo.
Hcfofo ro npaeen u sefof. Heeecfafa pefefo ro papyeana co jaonko eo koe u-
na saopeua napa u rapare. Hcfo fakeo jaonko ce paeano u ua pefe, kora ue-
eecfafa ja uocene ua eura. Kora ueeecfafa cepuyeana eo ckyfof ua ceekpea-
fa, u ja neene cnepuafa necua:

Kora pojpe uecfo, kora cepua.
Cpar fe uno uecfo op ceekpeafa.
Op ceekpeafa, uecfo, op ceekpafu,
op ceekpafu uecfo, op peeepafu,
op peeepafu uecfo, op jafpeafu,
op jafpeafu uecfo, op soneafu.

Rorope usueceuufe ouau ce npaeene co uen upuafa porakuuka pa ry
upe npuepsaua ua porof u pa upe popa porakuuka. Co cepuyeanefo eo cky-
fof ua ceekpeafa, ecyuuocf ce cakano curonuuo pa ce npukae peka ueeec-
fafa e npuqafeua op cfpaua ua ceekpeafa kako neu ua cerejcfeofo.
Ro nonuok, ueeecfafa u sefof ru safeopaaf e opaje. 3efof npep pa ro
safeopaf, opu pa ce npocfu co popufenufe u ur auyea paka. opeka rnapo-
euuufe ce safeopeuu eo oeaa npocfopuja, ocfauafufe ru neaf cnepuufe necuu:

Pefuan cokon op eena ua eena
u ru apaf ceuka ue cepuafa,
u ru apaf eopa ue nueua,
u ru apaf rore ue nyeuo.

Lfo apaue cokon u ru uajpe,
ceuka ue cepuafa,
eopa ue nueua
u rore ue nyeuo.

4afun cokon epeuua,
qafun cokon epeuua.
epu ja cokone ue nyufaja,
pepu ja cokone ue nyufaja
Toj ja fuufuf faja nuufu,
foj ja fuufu faja nuufu,
foj ja cfera faja era,
foj ja cfera faja era.
epeu ja cuuko ue nuufuja,
Tja fu e pyp po eeka.

Becenafa npoponyea co kpuene ua uyfka (cforua nonua co opeeu)
op kou serane cufe npucyfuu.
Ouaufe npoponyeaaf. 3anouyea ouajof ecene
7
.

7
.Fo qakaaf ceekopof, ro kpeeaaf uarope u ro cfaeaaf ua rpepu, ry ce sakauyeaaf peka ke ro
ecaf. Hcfofo ce npaeu co cufe porauuu. 3a pa ro ocnoopaf oeceuuof, ropa pa eefu
peka ke pape ueufo. Hajecfo ce eefyeano jarue, pua, nefen, pakuja, euuo u cnuuo.
183

Beepfa eo porof ua sefof poarane ceafoeufe op cfpauafa ua ueeecfa-
fa, ua nornepeene. Co ucnpakanefo ua cufe rocfu, eo kykafa ocfauyeane ca-
ro uajnuckufe u sanouyean ouajof sapauyeane ua ueeecfafa. Rokpaj ue-
nofo japene ufo ce npurofeyeano sa faa eeep, ce rofeen u norycf uepef u
npecua noraa. Heeecfafa kpuejku op noraafa u rakajku eo uepefof ur paea-
na ua cufe npucyfuu, co ufo ru sapauyeana. Ha kpaj, cepuyeane sefof u ue-
eecfafa u reryceuo ce sapauyeane. Co foa sanouana saepuukafa eeepa.
Heeecfafa nouyeana nocnepua pa jape, kojaufo op noefokof uufy una jape-
ua, uufy nueua. Co oeoj ouaj saepuyeana ceapeuafa ueperouuja.
Uuknycof ua ceapeuafa eecena saepuyean co nocefa ua ceafoeufe.
Epua uepena no ceapafa, ueeecfafa saepuo co rnapoeueuof, ceekopof, cee-
kpeafa, kyrof, cfpojuukof u kauefu npujafenu u nucku popuuuu, opene ua np-
eue kaj popufenufe ua ueeecfafa, opuocuo eo fafkoeafa kyka. 3a npeuefo
ce noprofeyeane npecuu konauna (receuu co copa) u noraa. Fu noprofeyeane
u kaj sefof u kaj ueeecfafa u ru uocene eo fopa. Ce npaeene 60-70 konauna u
ua peuof ua npeuefo ce paeane ua nucku popuuuu u npujafenu.
Ouajof npeue ce oueofeopyean, uajecfo nopapu eepyeanefo peka
eo npeafa caofa no eeuaekafa rnapeuuufe fpeano pa cnujaf eo ppyra kyka,
co uen pa ue upaf safeeuu op snufe pyxoeu eo porauuafa nocfena
8
.
Ouajof ueeecfa pa cnyu unu pa ryeee sa cefo epere ua ceapafa u
no uea, ronejku u cfoejku uenopeuua u nocnyuua, knanajku ce eo onpepe-
neuu qasu ua ceapeuafa ueperouuja un nosuaf uacekape, na pypu u eo ceno-
fo Beeauu. Toa e caro epeu op ocfafouufe ua apxauuufe cypoeu opepu, op-
uocuo ucnpoyeane ua qusukufe u ncuxukufe cunu ua uoeuof neu ua cerej-
cfeofo ueeecfafa.
Ocuoeuufe ceapeuu ouau ue ce pasnukyeane ruory eo cufe cena ua
Cfpyuku purkon, oceeu ufo no uekape ce pasnukyean pepocnepof unu uau-
uof ua useepafa. Mouue kapakfepucfuuo e foa ufo ce coyeauu roner poj
rarucko curonuuu opepu.
Ceapeuufe ouau, peuec ue npefpnyeaaf eupuu usreuu. Rporeuufe ce
cocfojaf eo foa ufo fue ce eo useecua crucna pepyuupauu, opuocuo noekouo-
rusupauu, a uekou ce cocera ucqpneuu. Ceapafa peuec pouea c noeeke ee-
cen u urpue kapakfep.




1. Auacfac Kyukocku, popeu 1942 ropuua eo c. Beeauu;
2. Hapepa Kyukocka, popeua 1940 ropuua eo c. Beeauu;
3. Bnapo Kyukocku, popeu 1950 ropuua eo c. Beeauu;
4. Tore Pofecku, popeu 1937 ropuua eo c. Beeauu;
5. Recuufe ru saenean yno Kyukocku, popeu 1970 ropuua eo c. Beeauu
op Kafa Ronocka, popeua 1928 ropuua eo c. Beeauu.

8
.Munou Koucfaufuuoe, , Ckonje, 1992 ropuua, cfp. 527 - 528
184






WEDDING TRADITIONS IN THE VILLAGE VEVCHANI
STRUSHKI DRIMKOL

Katerina Paskali

(Summary)


In this study the autor makes an attempt to review the main characteristics of
the wedding, as well as the wedding customs in village Vevchani, specially the
ones in the past and their comparison with the todays ones.
The primary purpose of our research is to underline the possibility to
prolong the wedding customs and traditions from the past, and their preserving as
traditional mark of one ethnical group or one nation.
Today we are aware of only the most characteristic wedding customs from
the huge number of such ones.

185






- -
REVIEWS
186
187


821.163.3-4(049.3)
821.163.3.09(049.3)



DA SEIN /
(
, ,
, 2009)





Moar pa ro nepuunupar pyruof kako aforcka koucfpykuuja unu kako
uoxerucku cucfer ofeopeu sa koryuukauuja. Moar pa ro nepuunupar
pyruof kako eup homo sapiens, unu kako epeu yae ojekf koj ro sacnyyea
roefo euurauue unu kako paf sa koj Xpucfoc yrpe.

John Polkinghore

Da sein e qoprafa npeky koja Xajperep peqepupa ua oeekofo ufue /
ua eupof ua oeekafa ersucfeuuuja. Rofekuyea op rnaronof dasein, koja suau
ersucfupar / pa ce uaorau uekape ppyrape. Xajperep ro nopenu nourof
Dasein ua pea pena Da sein, npeky epua upfuka ua cpepuua, sa pa ro akueu-
fupa suaenefo ua sopof pa ce uaorau fary (fyka). (Michael Invood,
Heidegger, A very short introduction, Oxford University Press, 1997; 34). Dasein
enyufeu eo ceefof, e rouocfa ua cencfeofo / rouocfa ua pasnuuu qopru
ua ersucfeuuujafa. Ceefof eo koj ce peanusupa Dasein e koryuukafueeu u puja-
norueu. Bo qyukuuja uufepnpefafueuafa noruka, eo crucna eufponuja ua kyn-
fypuuof upeufufef kako uauuouaneu u epuueeu u kako kocrononufcku u rno-
aneu upeufufef (E. Leneea, Kynfyponouku eceu, Ckonje, 2000; 124) 3uau,
peuecka paseojof ua kynfypufe saeucu op uufepakuujafa norery rnoanuuof
kynfypeu paseoj u paseojof ua uauuouanuufe u efuukufe kynfypu.
Porukafa ua pekoucfpykuujafa ua Xak epupa, eenu peka uera kynfypa,
uufy kynfypeu upeufufef es fa pasnuka co cee. (Kynfypeu upeufufef pas-
nuka eo cee, Ckonje, 2002 cfp. 181). ekoucfpykuujafa ua epupa, saeneyea
peka cyjekfof e qukuuja (kuueeua u qunosoqcka) u peka upeufufefof ue ce
cospaea es anfepufefof, ce cospaea op pyruof. pyruof e euafpe eo uac, u
ro noffukuyea cyjekfof pa ce npauyea, pa ce uuqoprupa. (J. Derida, Le carte
postale, Paris, 1980, 430). Auanoruja: Hpeufufefof ue e epuuucku, fyky yruo-
eu u ce rpapu npeky pasnuuu puckypcu, npakcuu u nosuuuu...Hpeufufefof ce
koucfpyupa eo, a ue uapeop op penpeseufauujafa. (P. Jakoeneea, Kuueeuocfa
u kynfypuafa fpausuuuja, HMP, Ckonje, 2009; 119) 4yukuuouaneu fekcfof -
, eo koj ce saeneyeaaf peefe
feupeuuuu ua rakepouckafa poraucuepcka npopykuuja: Rpocfopuafa penauuja
188

Makepouuja Eepona / Bpereuckafa penauuja; - cuuxpouucka (cerauuocf ce-
rauuocf) / pujaxpouucka (cerauuocf upuuua).
Bo kuurafa qyukuuouanuu ce napapurrafuuufe uufepnpefauuu:
fpujapeu ropen ua eeponckuof rynfu / uufepkynfypanusar: ueufap (napa-
purrafuuocfa ua ronerafa eeponcka kynfypa) / nepuqepuja (safeopeuu, ra-
nu, peruouanuu u nepuqepuu eeponcku kynfypu / concfeeua ppyrocf (ucfo-
uoeeponckafa kynfypa eo fpausuuuja / npep, cera, nocf / ceyufe eo rapru-
uanuuof opuoc co eeponckuof ueufap u rapruuufe). Tunuuu uufepnpefauuu
sa npeafa napapurra ce fekcfoeufe: Tpefrauof ua ucfopuckofo eo rakepou-
ckafa poraucuepcka npopykuuja; Aefouraronoruja
cnukafa sa ceecu npeky ucfopuckufe uacfauu eo pparafa Upuuna op Kone
-auyne; Teopusar uufenekfyanusar ankaucku nponeru; Tpausuuuja u
qukuuja eo oppaua ua upeufufefof / Enaropopuukof op Epruc Paqasa-
uoecku u pp;
arepukauckuof rynfu / uufepkynfypanusar - nparrafuuuof uupueupya-
nusar: pacuufe u popuufe upeufufefu. Tunuuu uufepnpefauuu sa efopafa
napapurra ce fekcfoeufe: Roefuka ua ersunof (Tauko Feoprueecku u Munou
Upnaucku); Popoeufe npefcfaeu eo rakepouckuof u anauckuof porau (eps
npurepof ua porauufe Rupej op R. M. Auppeeecku u Epeexe op Pyau Cfapo-
ea); Hue u ppyrufe (Ckpueua karepa op Pupuja urkoecka).
Rucrofo e popafok, osuaufenof ry npunara ua cyjekfof, opuocuo ce sae-
neyea feupeuuujafa ua aefopkafa sa nparrafusrof ua uuqoprafueuafa eu-
fponuja: kuueeuuof fekcf e qyukuuja ua kynfypafa. Oufonorujafa ua coepe-
reuufe yrefuuku pena, eo koufekcf rakepouckafa coepereua kuueeua
npopykuuja (ua np. porauufe: Enaropopuukof ua Epruc Paqasauoqcku, Oc-
rofo ceefcko ypo ua Joppau Rneeueu, Ckpueuafa karepa ua Pupuja ur-
koecka u pp.), ue e ecfefcka, fyky onufecfeeua, op kynfypafa e. Oufonorujafa
ue e npucycfeo ua qoprafa, fyky eufponuja ua qoprafa. Opfof op aefouo-
rujafa ua kuueeuocfa po kuueeuocfa kako kynfypa, opuocuo ceefof upuy-
ea kynfypa, kynfypafa upuyea yrefuocf. Xepap Xeuef oppepyea, Yref-
uukofo peno e apfeqakf co ecfefcka qyukuuja u peka ecfefckafa qyukuuja
ro oppepyea oufocof ua oppepeuo yrefuuko peno. Offyka npousneryeaaf
pasnuuufe nepqopraucu ua ufanefo, opuocuo supof ua kornefeuuuu
kako ufo oppepyea Feuuuacka. Heroeafa nosuuuja e nucka ua oua ua Y. Eko,
kora nocnepuuof sopyea sa rpauuuufe ua uufepnpefauuufe. Ce pasnukyea
eo epua foka. 3a Eko, uufepnpefauujafa e ruoceonouku qakf, popeka Feuu-
uacka crefa, peka foj ufo ufa e cospapeu op puckypcof ucfo fonky konky u
cospafenof ua puckypcof. (J. Geninasca, La parola litteraria, Pozzato, 2001)
Taka ecfefuka ce sacunyea co efukafa: ua nufepafypuofo peno ry e poeepe-
uo rauunynauujafa / cospaeanefo ua uoeafa poeepa. Hrajku ru eo npep-
eup ropeuaeepeuufe koucfafauuu, kuurafa
ua Popefa Feoprueecka Jakoeneea:
nofeppyea peka kuueeuofo / yrefuukofo peno e qyukuuja ua koufekcfof -
ua kynfypafa;
ja osuayea cnepuafa punera: urajku ro eo npepeup qakfof, peka kuueeuo-
fo / yrefuukofo peno e qyukuuja ua yuueepsanuufe u ojekfueuufe (fpauc-
ucfopuckufe u fpaucreorpaqckufe) ecfefcku kpufepuyru, panu npeky nparra-
fa ua kynfyponoukufe cfypuu, eneryeare eo epua uoea kuueeua uufepnpe-
fafueua kpusa.
189


821(497).091(049.3)




( . , ,
, , 2008)





H eo ceojafa uoea kuura Aqpur A. Pee-
nu co oppepeuu npauana sa kornapafueuo npocnepyeane fpara no ankaucku-
fe nufepafypu. ureusujafa ua fyrofo cekorau ropa pa yfeppu onpepeneuo
kornapafueucfuko rnepuufe kora ke ce ofkpue uekakea nuuuja ua rpauuua
rery pee kynfypu. Aefopof nocfojauo kako pa e eo pocnyx co nuuyeanafa ua
auuen-Aupu Rao peka kora oeekof nouyea, ,
, , .
, , -
, . euupuo foa e
uarnaceuo eo caruof uacnoe ua kuurafa u pononuefo co saeneukafa eo nop-
uacnoeof. Rpeuof fekcf - , , npef-
cfaeyea popo aefopcko peueuue, opuocuo ro oppepyea feopekuof kouuenf eo
cospaeanefo ua penofo u ura suaene ua yeop. Toj ja npuqaka fesafa ofu kuu-
eeuofo peno e kpeauuja ua jasukof. Rpeky / co jasukof aefopof ro cospaea ec-
fefckuof ojekf / kuueeuuof fekcf. Offyka jasukof cfauyea epuucfeeuofo cpep-
cfeo co koe kuueeuuof ojekf ce fonkyea u ce uufepnpefupa. Rpuqafeuafa
rucna ua Xajperep ofu sa jasukof uera uenocfoene, peka foj e kyka ua ufuefo
ru npocnepyea, pasrnoyea u epepuyea, ru poojacuyea u pekne, feopefckufe
cfaeoeu ua Peenu.
Bo , porauof ua Pyau Cfapo-
ea ce pacnnacfyea uus noeeke ecfefcku epepuocfu ua kako ufo ce
ueroeafa noefuka ua oncfojyeane, poraueckuafa cara, ucfopujafa ua ruuafofo
u ueroeafa eepopocfojuocf, uerupanefo ua ankauckuof u qaeopusupane ua
eeponckuof ropen. Taka nouyea nafof op jac kou ppyruof, koj op ceoja cfpaua
ja uocu upejafa sa esrpauueu npocfop. Peenu u eo oeoj fekcf opuoeo ry ce
epaka ua ceojof oruneu nucafen, uecorueuo foj e ueroeuof useoupepeu nosua-
ea u fonkyea, apryreufupajku ro foa co ceojafa kuura (-
) ojaeeua eo 2005 ropuua. Hu-
fepecof kou rpofeckafa kako cneuuqueu uckas e fera eo pea fekcfa. Bo npeu-
of epepuyeanefo ce ocfeapyea
co porauufe ua Xueko -uuro u ua Hcraun Ka-
pape. Hejsuuafa noceuocf, opuocuo aefopcka upeufuqukauuja u ce kornapupa
u ce pucfauuupa, oppepyea co noefukafa eo nposafa ua Pyau Cfapoea u Aufyu
Fycfae Mafou.
Eankauckuof porau kako feopefcku nparrafusar e fera eo -
/ . Tekcfof ue npefcfaeyea caro
190

ycneuua enaopauuja ua nocfaeeuafa feopefcka sapaa, fyky u co usopof ua
penafa ro akfyanusupa npauanefo nofeppyeajku ja ueroeafa yuueepsanua pu-
reusuja. Opuocuo ueofof eo uea kako epeuo npaeuno, kako ufo es ecfefckuof
pesynfaf ue e rouo nocfoene ua kuueeuuof fekcf. Kako nopnouka sa pasrne-
pof ce kopucfaf porauufe op Kuua Kone, -
op ypaeka Yrpeuuk u op Hcraun
Kapape. Bo cfypujafa / pe-
uupuu ce aefopoeufe oppepyeana: . -
-
... . -
- . . Ko-
peuof u pacfeof ua ceoefo / concfeeuofo ro nouyea eeuuof naf unu nofouo
ofkpueanefo / oceojyeanefo ua pureusuufe ua fyrofo. Tue ce coppuua u eo
fekcfof . Yuueepsanuufe, onufooeeku esrucfeuuujan-
uu pureusuu uraaf cynfunuu fonkyeana ua opuocufe rery ofkopuyeanefo u
ucesuyeanefo, nponaranefo u noepafa, nofuuyeanefo u anconyfuuof fpu-
yrq. noceuo ce enaopupa co ankauckafa ucfopu-
ja koja sa ceoefo cerejcfeo ja ucnuuyea Pyau Cfapoea. Oeoj aefop kako fera e
npucyfeu u eo fekcfof
.
Bo fekcfof kako
feopefcku nparrafusar ce pasrnepyea co porauufe op auuno Kouee-
cku u op Hcraun Kapape. Aefopof ja npofeupa nosuafafa nocfa-
uoeka sa rufof kako penuruja, kako knacuua pequuuuuja sa cospaeanefo ua
ceefof, nyrefo, oroeufe. Mufckofo useoupepuo popo ro oppepyea Eopxec kora
eenu ofu eo noefokof u eo kpajof ua nufepafypafa eue rufof. Tpea cekako
pa saeneure ofu norecfeuufe fekcfoeu eo kuurafa -
une npeseufupauu ua uayuu coupu eo serjafa u eo cfpaucfeo, a foa
caro no cee eeke roeopu sa uueuafa epepuocf.
Aqpur A. Peenu e cepuoseu u cfypuoseu uayeu paofuuk. Toa ro no-
feppyeaaf u fekcfoeufe kou ce ekopueuu eo ueroeafa uoea kuura. Kornapafue-
uofo npocnepyeane, fonkyeane u epepuyeane ro cospaea eps uoeufe / ropep-
uu kuueeuu feopuu kou ue ja nofeppyeaaf caro ueroeafa uuqoprupauocf, fy-
ky yufe noeeke yecfeofo sa uueua npureua, uueuafa ynofpenueocf uus epeu
cenekfueeu u akfyeneu rur koj nofoa yreuuo ce erpapyea eo sapapeuufe sapa-
u ua Peenu. -yecfeofo sa cenekuuja u cakane pa ro uarnacure u co usopof
ua aefopufe u ua penafa kako koukpefuu npurepu eps kou ce nokayeaaf u ce
pokayeaaf oceoeuufe, uo u concfeeuufe cfaeoeu. Toa uajecfo ce npureuyea
eo epeu u pekne cuufefuku onuk, eo koj uus orpauueu poj op cfpauuuu, foa
ke pee peka rucnafa, crucnafa u fekcfof kako uueeu pesynfaf ce cferuafu, ua-
ueuu, suaeucku. Taka ce nocfuruyea epepuocfa ua koukpefeu cfae u oueuka,
apryreufof ura epeuo recfo u suaene kako uayeu npepsuak. -ucfuof u kou-
kpefeu jasuk, unu uueuofo pepene u noppepyeane, euu-
rafenuofo ueryeane ua cfunof ce cekako pocfouucfea ua kuurafa -
op Aqpur A. Peenu.
Kornapafueucfukafa cnuka kaj aefopof ua koja ce noeukyeare eps pacy-
pyeanafa ua Rao, npousneryea op uekoe cosuauue, uesaeucuo ua uesuaufen-
uocfa nouekorau, ua uekoe eo opuoc ua uekoj ppyr, ua uekoe eo opuoc
ua uekoe fary. Kuueeeu unu ue, cnukafa npefcfaeyea uspas ua epuo upeufu-
qukyeauo pacfojauue rery pee kynfypuu cfeapuocfu u ypepyeana. Co nourof
sa ofcfanyeane cekorau ce uaora fyruuckafa pureusuja eps kojaufo ce ferenu
cekoe kornapafueucfuko pasrnepyeane.
191


821.163.3:821.163.42].091(049.3)
821.163.42:821.163.3].091(049.3)






Goran Kalogjera, Prilozi istraivanju makedonske povijesti knjievnosti,
Sovremenost, Skopje, 2009





Xpeafcko-rakepouckufe kynfypuu epcku ce nocfojaua npeokynauuja ua xp-
eafckuof nufepafypeu ucfopuap Fopau Kanorepa. Rpocnepyeajku ru fue epcku,
Kanorepa ocoeuo euurauue ur noceefyea ua opuocufe ua peafa uapopa eo
reryuapopuafa nonufuka, kako u reryceuufe kynfypuu eocnpuerana ua epuu
co ppyru. Tue paeana-serana ce uufepecuu sa rakepouckafa ucfopuja u nu-
fepafypa co ornep ua foa ufo uue ru auanusupa u npeseufupa oeek kou ue e
outsider, uo cekako u ue nofekuyea op uauufe npocfopu. Aefop e ua uekonky us-
pauuja kou ce opuecyeaaf ua xpeafcko-rakepouckufe nufepafypuu epcku u ep-
ckufe kou uekou op Makepouuufe ru urane co Xpeafcka eo ruuafofo: Xpeaf-
cko-rakepouckufe nufepafypuu epcku, Epakafa Munapuuoeuu - nereupa u
cfeapuocf, Pauuu eo Xpeafcka u pp.
Kuurafa koja sa npenaf ce nojaeu eo 2009 ropuua, uacnoeeua kako Prilozi
istraivanju makedonske povijesti knjievnosti e couuefa op 19 cfypuu. Bo eo-
eepuafa cfypuja Hcxop ua xpeafcko-rakepouckufe nufepafypuu u kynfypuu po-
nupu, Kanorepa uajnpeo ru onpepenyea nepuopufe kou ce op ucfopucka ea-
uocf sa peafa uapopa. Taka, fue uufeusueuu reryceuu epcku foj ru noppepyea
eo 3 nepuopu: 1. efopafa nonoeuua ua XIX eek, 2. nepuopof rery peefe ceefcku
eojuu (1928-1939), u 3. peeepeceffufe ropuuu ua XX eek. Lfor ua eakoe uauu
ce oppepeuu epereuckufe parku, Kanorepa nperuuyea ua uueuo auanusupane.
Ees corueuue, uajsuaajuafa kynfypua epcka (unu copaofka) eo nepuopof ua
XIX eek e ouaa ua pakafa Munapuuoeuu (ocoeuo Koucfaufuu Munapuuoe) co
uckynof Lfpocraep, uo ue creaf pa ce saopaeaf uufy ouue pakafa Refko-
euk, Fpurop Rpnuee, Uuuof u pp.
Koucfaufuu Munapuuoe u eoonufo pakafa Munapuuoeuu ce eeuafa fe-
ra ua Kanorepa. Hcfpayeajku u npenpoufyeajku, foj nocfojauo ce ocepuyea ua
uue kako cfon ua rakepoucko-xpeafckufe kynfypuu opuocu. H fyka, sa K. Muna-
puuoe ce norecfeuu pee cfypuu eo kou ce npefcfaeyea ucfopuckuof roreuf eo
koj un ojaeeu 3opuukof ua peajuafa paka op Cfpyra, uo fue peajua ce sac-
faneuu u eo nouafarouuufe usnarana ua aefopof.

192

Kornapafucfukufe cornepyeana ua Kanorepa rouue uufepecuo ru npe-
seufupa eo cfypujafa Akfyenusauuja ua ferafa Refap parauoe - qpa Auppuja
Kauk Muouuk u ocoeuo eo 3uaene ua aupof nafonuc eo paseojof ua ra-
kepouckafa nufepafypa eo peeefuaeceffuof eek. Taka, uacnpofu Cfauko Bpas,
Heruk u Maypauuk, ru urare Koucfaufuu Refkoeu u Uuuof. Bpas ke ja eoo-
u nufepafypuafa epepuocf ua nafonucuufe pena ua Heruk u Maypauuk, po-
peka eo rakepouckafa nufepafypa foj opuoc e ranky nouuakoe co ornep ua ue-
paseueuocfa ua nufepafypua kpufuka eo XIX eek. Refkoeuk ua npekpaceu uauu
uu ru npepaea Oepku Eenrpapa (Ckuuu ua Eenrpap), uo nofoa u onucufe ua
3arpe u ynaua. Op ppyra cfpaua, nak, kaj Uuuof ue cpefuyeare yrefuuku
paspaofeu nafonuc. Heroeufe nafonucuu pena ce knacuuu cfafucfuku us-
eeufau sa papeuuof rpap eo papeuuof roreuf.
Bo cnepuufe pea nepuopa: nepuopof rery peefe ceefcku eojuu (1928-
1939) u peeepeceffufe ropuuu ua XX eek, nuuocfu ua kou Kanorepa ur opuy-
ea noeeke euurauue ce Koo Pauuu u Refap Kenecku. Pauuu nopapu noeeke-
kpafuuof npecfoj eo Xpeafcka eo ropuuufe norery 1928 u 1940, ce pasupa u
ojaeyeanefo ua Eenu ryrpu eo Caroop, 1939 ropuua, popeka Refap Kenec-
ku kako ocuoea ua cfypuufe no rakepouucfuka ua 4unosoqckuof qakynfef eo
3arpe.
Rpoeokafueuu ce uekonkyfe uacnoeu kou ue ce opuecyeaaf ua penauujafa
Makepouuja-Xpeafcka, fyky sopyeaaf sa opuocof ua rakepouckafa nufepafypa
u kynfypa eo opuoc ua ppyrufe ankaucku kynfypu. Ha npurep: Ofkpueanefo
ua Makepouuja nop yrapckofo ure, Makepoucko-cpnckufe nufepafypuu epc-
ku, rakepoucko-cnoeeuekufe nufepafypuu, uayuu u kynfypuu ponupu, Ma-
kepoucko-upuoropckufe kynfypuo-ucfopucku koufakfu eo 19 eek, Fpkofo enu-
jauue ua Makepouuufe co noceeu ocepf ua efopafa nonoeuua ua 19 eek u
Rpupouecof ua Caqef Eypuua sa aquprauuja ua rakepouckafa nufepafypa eo
Eocua u Xepueroeuua.
Oeoj naf, op nosuuuja ua uapeopeueu npoyyea, Kanorepa paea uckny-
ufenuo epepeu npupouec kou npoyyeanefo ua paseojof ua rakepouckufe epc-
ku co ocfauafufe ankaucku uapopu. Hcfoepereuo, foj paea u roner npupouec
kou paseojof ua rakepouucfukafa eo Xpeafcka.
Lfo pa oekyeare op rope uaeepeuufe cfypuu? Rpep c, op uue ce oe-
kyea pa upaf ocuoea eps koja ke ce epuaf nouafarouuu ucfpayeana ua oeue
feru. Kako ufo u caruof aefop uaeepyea eo fekof ua peaecefropuuuofo uc-
fpayeane ua xpeafcko-rakepouckufe nufepafypuu u kynfypuu epcku, ru sanos-
uaeae u ppyrufe nufepafypuu epcku kou Makepouuufe ru peanusupane eo kou-
fakfufe co uekou ppyru nufepafypu, ua npurep cpnckafa, cnoeeuekafa, ocau-
ckafa, upuoropckafa, yrapckafa, rpkafa. 3a uue Kanorepa ura nuuyeauo eo
ueroeafa kuura Jyrocnoeeucku nufepafypuu pasrnepyeana, uo oeoj naf, foj
oeue cornepyeana uu ru npefcfaeyea eo epua uoea u nokoukpefua eepsuja, kako
ufo caruof saeneyea.
3uau, ue caro rakepouckufe epcku co Xpeafcka, fyky u rakepouckufe
epcku co ocfauafufe ankaucku uapopu. Cefo foa co npaeo fpea pa upe npe-
seufupauo npep rakepouckafa ufafencka nynuka, ucfo kako ufo e cfopeuo
npep xpeafckafa nynuka. Cenak, fue reryceuu opuocu ue ce paseueuu ua sa-
poeonyeako uueo. Kanorepa ru apa npuuuufe nopapu kou, kynfypuafa copa-
ofka rery peafa uapopa ue e ua ouaa eucuua ua koja u fpeano pa upe. 3a
faa uen, foj paea xpouonouku npernep sa nepuenuujafa ua rakepouckafa nufe-
193

pafypa kaj Xpeafufe. Hcfo faka, ua yeup uu ru paea u rakepouckufe npeeepeuu
pena ua xpeafcku jasuk, ucfakuyeajku ja sacnyrafa ua Eopucnae Raenoecku kako
epeu op ouue uajsacnyuufe kou npeeepyeane op rakepoucku ua xpeafcku.
H yufe epeu roreuf ua koj ce sappyea Kanorepa, koj uako noeeke e op
nokaneu kapakfep, cenak ura ronero suaene sa paseojof ua rakepouucfukafa
eo Xpeafcka (kako epua op serjufe kou uraaf rakepouucfuku ueufpu). Cfauy-
ea sop sa Puekafa rakepouucfuka koja peuec paofu napanenuo co 3arpen-
ckafa rakepouucfuka. Konky rakepouckafa nufepafypa ur una uufepecua ua
cfypeufufe, eupnueo e op nonucof ua punnorupauufe cfypeufu, op kou
fpuecefruua op uue uspane punnorcka paofa op rakepouckafa nufepafypa.
Cnepyeaaf uueuufe uruna, cnopep nopafouufe poueuu op Cfypeufckafa
cnya ua 4unosoqckuof qakynfef.
Fopau Kanorepa co ceojafa kuura cfypuu Prilozi istraivanju makedonske
povijesti knjievnosti paea suaaeu npupouec kou kynfypuafa copaofka ua ra-
kepouckuof u xpeafckuof uapop. Ees pasnuka, panu faa copaofka u fue epcku
ce nufepafypuu unu ue, ocfauyeaaf eo ucfopujafa kako fpaeu ener sa npuja-
fenckufe opuocu kou peafa uapopu ru ueryeaaf.

194


398(=163.3):291.13(049.3)



-

( , ,
, , 2008)





Kuurafa -
e uoea nofeppa sa cepuosuocfa, papafa u cfpyuocfa ua rna-
puof uayeu paofuuk op onacfa ua qonknopucfukafa Aua Mapfuuocka. Rpep
uac e kuura co useoupepuo popo ocrucneu kouuenf sa npauana kou npe naf
cucferuo ce nocfaeyeaaf, fonkyeaaf u epepuyeaaf unu epuocfaeuo poueaaf
ceoja kuura. Rpauana kou u pocera une napuujanuo npocnepyeauu (Kupun Re-
uyunucku, Tore Caspoe, Mapko Kufecku, Peuka Tafapoecka, Tauac Bpauuoe-
cku), uo ue une ekopueuu u eo epua ceoeeupua rouorpaquja uus rakepoucku
npurepu u co rakepoucko uckycfeo. Cfauyea sop sa ucfpayea koj popo ja
suae rafepujafa, pacnonara co useoupepeu qoup ua nufepafypa u ua useopu, u
foa noceuo fpea pa ce uarnacu, pa ce sanoruu kako qakf, fparanefo no nu-
uauufe u no apxueckufe rafepujanu.
Aefopkafa eo kpafkuof yeop uarnacyea peka kuurafa e pesynfaf op uejsu-
uafa paofa eo npoekfufe -
u
ua Hucfufyfof sa rakepoucka nufepafypa. Tekcfoeufe une cpaofeuu eo ne-
puopof op 1998 po 2002 ropuua, npu ocrucnyeanefo ua kuurafa une pononue-
fu, a eo carafa kuura popapeuu ce u uekonky fekcfoeu eou op paofuufe oepc-
ku. Mnapuof ucfpayea nofoa, saeneyea peka foa ce u npeufe aefopcku oc-
feapyeana, u eepuau u popane cnopep uapopuafa ryppocf ofu peuof ce nos-
uaea no yfpofo, u u pekne, peka fue jacuo ro npoqunupaaf u ro nofeppyeaaf
epepuuof u epepuoceu uayeu paofuuk.
Kouuenfof ua fpypof ro cocfaeyeaaf pee kornakfuu uenuuu. Rpeuof pen
e noceefeu ua . Ro-
fpeuuof, yeopeu fekcf e auanufuku pasrnep sa noc-
faeeuafa fera, sa koja Mapkc sanuuan ofu
-
. Teopuufe u ucfpayeanafa kou npuqakane u aquprupane, porpapy-
eane u npouupyeane, uo ucfo faka, oppekyeane u nocfaeyeane sapaua npoc-
nepeuu ce rouue npernepuo (Apucfofen, Menefuucku, Xeppep, Xeren, Fpur,
Xajue, 4pajsep, Manuuoecku). Rpecospaeanefo ua oeekof u ua ueofof eo nu-
fepafypa op uueuufe npanoefouu ua qoprupane u ocrucnyeane, cekako ca-
195
-
ro no cee ja uarefuyea kornnekcuocfa ua ferafa koja fpea pa ce npocnepu.
Tyka ce uarefuyeaaf epuucfeofo rery rufof u pufyanof, nofoa npauanefo sa
uueuofo rakcuranuo npunuyeane co upeonorujafa u ncuxonorujafa, kako co
yrefuocfa. Fu opeojyeare noceuo kako unycfpauuja eo koja Mapfuuocka ua
uajyae uauu ce nokayea u ce nofeppyea kako suaneu ua rafepujafa koja e
uejsuua ucfpayeaka fera u cekako nofpeuafa papa es koja uukoj u uukape
ue roe pa oncfojyea.
Ro fekcfoeufe u
op onufofo aefopkafa nperuuyea ua noceuofo, noepuueuo npa-
uane sa rafaukufe, opuocuo sa nourof, nofeknofo u uueuufe onufu kapakfe-
pucfuku, sa rakepouckufe uapopuu rafauku u sa opuocufe rery rufof u rafau-
kufe. Kornnekcuocfa co koja ce aeu Aua Mapfuuocka ke ja nofeppure u co nu-
uyeanafa ua popouaanuukof ua rakepouckafa uayka sa qonknopof Kupun Re-
uyunucku.
.
,
.
,
,
, ,
. Tue kpafku, sueuu fekcfoeu co ruory rufcku enereufu, raruuu cnu-
ku, uafnpupopuu cyufecfea u kako pufyanuo pejcfeo eo koe ura peajua yecuu-
uu, apaaf ryppocf, suaene u yreene sa uueuo fonkyeane u yufe noeeke op-
rafuyeane. Aefopkafa foa ro npaeu ua uajpoap roeu uauu.
Mufof u rufckofo rucnene kako ocuoea ua rakepouckufe uapopuu ae-
na u kako pufyan - pejcfeo, ce npauana kou ro ucnonuyeaaf efopuof pen op
kuurafa. parckufe enereufu eo rakepouckufe uapopuu aena no eoeepof ce
koukpefusupaaf co useopu sa uue u co pocerauuufe uayuu ucfpayeana. Hra-
re uoe npekpaceu npurep ua cucferafuuocf u ua npernepuocf eo opaofka-
fa ua oppepeua fera, no koj noruuo cnepu ueroeofo pasrnoyeane u fonkyea-
ne. Ha npunorou opuoeo ro noeukyeare Reuyunucku. -
, , , -
. -
, , -
-
... -
.
,

,
.
Makepouckufe uapopuu aena u oprafuyeanefo ua ruorypojuufe raruc-
ku qoprynu Aua Mapfuuocka ru cnepu co concfeeu uayuuku pesynfaf nuuy-
eajku sa peuuqpupane ua aupof, sa uueuafa neeuocf, sa ajakufe u upk-
eufe, sa pparckufe enereufu eo rakepouckuof qonknop u noceuo eo rake-
pouckufe uapopuu aena u ueruuoeuuof saknyok. Cnepyeaaf fpu oppenuu
cfypuu sa ajakafa fpapuuuja ua Porufe eo Makepouuja, u oua ufo uar noce-
uo uu npaeu eneafok sa -
u - -
196

. 3uaenefo, uuqoprupauocfa, yaeuof jasueu uc-
kas u ueroeafa ufnueocf ce uenopeknueu epepuocfu ua Aua Mapfuuocka eo
uejsuuafa uoea kuura -
. H sop pea sa foa ufo ro kopucfeere suaenefo ua
epuuof u epuucfeeuuof Kupun Reuyunucku. Terenufe es kou ue e rouo on-
cfojyeanefo ua rakepouckafa qonknopucfuka, cerefo ufo foj ro nocea u pop
popu eee papyea u co npucyfuocfa ua Aua Mapfuuocka, peneeaufua no uejsuuu-
of nofeuuujan, uo uu ranky ue e ueckporuo pa ce npunoruu ynorafa ua npoqe-
copof ufo faa ceoja uerepnuea nyoe kou esureuuof uapopeu reuuj, ja eca-
pun u eo ceojafa euyka. Hrano soufo pa ce ueee, naropef uno foa ua op-
pauufe, nee epeu suareuuf noef u enapefen, u cekako papocf op uoeo ure eo
fekoeufe u pesynfafufe ua rakepouckafa qonknopucfuka.

197


821.163.3.0918:323.1(=1633).(049.3)





( , 19
, ,, 2009)





Hoeuof fpyp ua Baneufuua Mupoucka Xpucfoecka uacnoeeu -
19 npefcfaeyea suaajuo ucekopyeane
u fpaeu epepuoceu pesynfaf ua oeoj epepeu u nepaufeu, auanufueu u cucfe-
rafueu ucfpayea ua cekako uajnnopofeopuofo, uo eo ucfoepere u uajnpo-
fuepeuofo cfonefue ua rakepoucfeyeane. Hako noranky sapouuefo co nonpe-
yeanafa op ucfopujafa rakea, foa ru paspunnu u ru nofeppu cufe noppaja op
rakepouckofo pyxoeuo u rafepujanuo orafcfeo, ueroeufe papu u suaena, na
co concfeeuuof fpyp u pesynfafu enese u ru usopu concfeeuofo recfo u sua-
ene eo ronerofo cerejcfeo ua eeponckufe kynfypuu uapopu. Toa uu ranky ue
eue cnyajuo, uufy nak ce uekakeo ypo, fyky pojpe kako ueruuoeuocf op pon-
ropouafa u cfpafeuka ufka sa usopyeane ua concfeeuufe uauuouanuu u co-
uujanuu npaea u cnoopu. Mucnafa u crucnafa pa ce upe ceoj ua ceoefo eo
cufe uepopasupana, uepopeeuocfu u npofuepeuocfu kako noruka ua epeu
sapsau uauuouaneu u kynfypeu paseufok caro ke ja nopofeopu nofoa ronerafa
epafa op ucfopuckafa eucfuua ua npeafa nonoeuua ua 20 eek kora u ke upe
saopaua uajpnaokafa paspa eo koucfufyupane u aquprauuja ua rakepoucka-
fa uauuouanua rucna. Mupoucka Xpucfoecka e epeu op pefkufe, uo rery op-
pauufe ucfpayeau ua oeoj nepuop op rakepouckafa oncfoja u uenokop.
Oeue uauu pepoeu ua oppepeu uauu npefcfaeyeaaf rouo pesure sa ferufe
u rofueufe eo fpypof koj npefcfaeyea uoe epepuoceu enor sa rakepouckafa
kuueeua uayka, a aefopkafa caro ja nofeppyea kako uejsuu papoeuf ucfpay-
ea u suaneu.
Tpypof ro cocfaeyeaaf pee uenuuu. Bo npeuof pen ce norecfeuu kuuee-
uo-ucfopucku cfypuu, a eo efopuof pen kpufuapcku auanusu ua oppenuu aefo-
pu u pena. Cfauyea sop sa aefop uu kuuru ce ocrucneu u saokpyeu npoekf,
offyka fue cekorau une u ocfauyeaaf uufepec u sapoeoncfeo u sa uayuukof u
sa eucfuuckuof ufafen. eefe nornaeja roaf pa ce ufaaf kako oppenuu kuu-
ru, uo eo ucfoepere fue npefcfaeyeaaf u epua uepcfa xororeua uenuua. Haj-
ropnueofo rakepoucko npauane no uaue cornepyeane ue e caro ucfopucko,
uayuo enaopupane, fyky u uaua rppa peanuocf koja apa akfueua nosuuuja a
kou npekpacuo co cynfunua eceucfuka auanusa ro npeokynupaaf uufepecof ua
Mupoucka Xpucfoecka. Taka eo uejsuuafa nocfanka co anconyfuo npaeo ur
198

paea eauocf caro ua ucfopuckufe pokyreufu, saufo ucfopuckafa eucfuua ue
ru npusuaea erouuufe, a fue nak no npaeuno ce spopeeuu u ueuufepecuu caru
no cee, a aefopkafa eo ceojof nofxop ur epaxuyea ueof. Caro faka no uaue
rucnene ruuafofo roe pa ce porpapyea u npecospaea, pa ce akfyenusupa, a
sa ufafenof pa upe npurarnuea nekfupa. A faa nak kako ucfopucko uckycfeo
una u ocfauyea yka u noyka.
Rpecepfuuua eo paseojof ua cpepuoeekoeuafa nufepafypa uanpaeun a-
rackuu Cfypuf op Conyu koj eo 16 eek, ro eoeen eo kuueeua ynofpea roeop-
uuof jasuk. Heroeuof sopuuk (1558) usepuun peeonyuuouepua
ynora eo kynfypuafa ucfopuja ua ankauckufe uapopu u eo ypenefo ua uauuo-
uanuafa ceecf. Cfauyea sop sa aefopka koja e npuepsauuk ua fesafa sa fpapu-
uujafa u koufuuyufefof ua rakepouckafa kuueeuocf, na faka cfypujafa -
19 u pekne, npefcfaeyea eucfuucku u epepuoceu
yeop eo ferafa. Caroufuocfa u aquprauujafa ua rakepouckofo npauane ce
nofeppyeaaf u npeky efuorpaqckufe uufepecu ua suareuufuof Refap para-
uoe. Hufy epua nojaea ue e uuuupeufeu npurep, eou op ceekynuofo oncfojyea-
ne u pejcfeyeane ua ceefof, saufo epuo uauuouanuo npauane unu epua ua-
uuouanua nufepafypa ce oppas ua supuyeanafa eo epeu nouupok onufecfeeu
u uueunusauucku koufekcf. Maryuauuouanuafa koryuukauuja uus apxuecku uc-
fpayeana aefopkafa uu ja uypu eo fekcfof sa -
co npeeopof ua noerafa
op Heau Maypauuk. Oupof sa npenee ua oea suaajuo
peno ja ura nofpeafa fokry op yuueepsanuufe suaena u pureusuu ua kuu-
eeuocfa ua kou uucucfupa Maypauuk, a foa ce npaepafa u kapakfepof sa spp-
aeo uapopuo ufue. Ha oeaa esaeruocf u e noceefeu u fekcfof sa

. Eankauckafa u nouupoka kuueeua copaofka u uejsuuufe enujauuja ce
npocnepyeaaf u uus - u co -
.
Bo cfypujafa
ce npocnepyea epuo op uajpeneeaufuufe npa-
uana ua opuocof rery ucfopujafa op epua u nufepafypafa op ppyra cfpaua. 3a
rakepouckafa npakfuka fue penauuu uraaf u noceuo suaene eo epere kora
nufepafypafa rery ppyrofo, e u cnuka op ueofof ua uapopof a foa ke pee ofu
faa npepacuyea eo ceoeeupua ueroea ucfopucka ufauka. Oncfojuo u yreno foa
ce npaeu co feopeufeofo ua Fpurop Rpnuee, Pajko Xuusuqoe, Eefur Cnpo-
cfpauoe, Hayr Munapuuoe, Kysrau Lankapee, Joppau Xau Koucfaufuuoe Uu-
uof, Fopru Ryneecku, Mapko Ueneukoe, Hukona Makepoucku, urufpuja -ynoe-
cku, Cnupo Fynanee, Bojpau -epuoppuucku, Tpajko Kufauee u Refap Ron Ap-
coe. Aefopu kou ro ucnonuyeaaf u ro ocrucnyeaaf rakepouckuof 19 eek. Bo no-
ceeu fekcf ce npocnepyeaaf ueofuufe u feopeku epeuuu ua suareuufuof
Tpajko Kufauee, epua op uajnpofuepeuufe nuuocfu ua eekof, uo uecorueuo
uacnpera cufe uepopasupana, co uuufo ue roaf pa ce uaranaf u oranoea-
af ueroeufe rakepoucka nyoe u npuepsauocf. Ha nafof u ua
- ce nofeppyeaaf ersuc-
feuuujanuufe kaferopuu ua ecrucnafa, ruunueocfa u ancyppof. 3afoa nocfou
uayuukof pa ru oprepu, pa ru npenpoeepyea, u npeepepuyea, ako e nofpeuo u
pa ru norupyea ucfopuckufe uepoyruuu.

199

Makepouckofo npauane e rucna koja nocfojauo ce ucnuuyea eo fekcfo-
eufe ua Baneufuua Mupoucka Xpucfoecka kako rpuuuk sa ruuafofo u sa upuu-
uafa ua ceojafa fafkoeuua. Toa e unucko npauane sa unucka serja, nopa-
yea, unu nofouo uucucfupa pa ce upe ceoj u
, co auanufuku pasrnep sa rakepouckofo npauane eo nufepa-
fypuuof 19 eek. Rpufoa uu uypu uoeu apryreufu sa nufepafypuufe feopu op
19 eek kako oppas ua rakepouckuof upeufufef, sa uejsuuuof nyur aefop Ee-
fur Cnpocfpauoe kako aquprafop ua rakepouckuof jasuk, unu nak sappyeajku
ce ua saopaeeuuof fekcf op Hukona H. Makepoucku op
cfpauuuufe ua noefouufe ua rakepouckafa ppara. Beuofo u pekne, fpaene
ua rakepouckafa fparepuja u uejsuuofo ekopene uus eperunafa ce cnepu u
eo uenoefopnueuof nopeur ua reruuufe co uuof ua caropfeafa kako kasua
unu kako ropaneu uu, po nporouof ua Makepouuufe eo porauufe ua Tauko
Feoprueecku co uoeafa eojua ua uauuouanuo ucfpeyeane op eekoeuufe fyru
uufepecu u nponaraupu kou Makepouuja.
Kpufuapckufe aurarauu ua Baneufuua Mupoucka Xpucfoecka, fue ce
ucfo faka pefkocf eo oparua rpfeafa rakepoucka kuueeua kpufuka, uckaaua
eucfuua op uejsuuuof popouaanuuk urufap Mufpee, ce cepfeuu kou pena eo
kou ce opaofyeaaf oppenuu npouecu, nojaeu u peuena, aefopu u pena op
rakepouckuof 19 kuueeeu eek. Bucoko ru epepuyea uspauufe pena ua knacu-
uufe ua rakepouckuof 20 eek, Xapanarnue Roneuakoeuk u Faue Topopoecku.
3uaenafa sa nocfaeeuafa fera eneafnueo ce nofeppyeaaf uus rosaukof op
feru kako ufo ce - ua F. M. Ry-
neecku, noprofeeua op Enae Pucfoecku u Eunjaua Pucfoecka-Jocuquoecka, sa
qeuoreuof ua aefouorpaqujafa uus fpypof ua Hafaua Aeparoecka, unu nak
sa npeeopufe ua rakepouckuof 19 kuueeeu eek op Bacun Touuuoecku, kako
eneafnuea akfueuocf ua kuueeua koryuukauuja, opuocuo npuonufyeane u
erpapyeane ua pena op epua eo ppyra kynfypua u jasuua cpepuua. Roefckuof
reuuj ua rakepouckuof 19 eek ce fonkyea uus pasrnepof -
- co rouorpaquufe ua Faue Topopoecku u ua
Auacfasuja Fypuuoea.
Teopekufe aurarauu ua Faue Topopoecku ce epepuyeaaf uus kuurufe
sa Uuuof u sa Pauuu co cfypuu sa ueofof u pejuocfa sorafeuu co usop op
uueuofo feopeufeo. Hcfpayeanafa ua Bacun Touuuoecku sa Makepouckuof
nufepafypeu kpyok eo Coquja (1938-1941) eo u sa peo-
poruufe nucafenu eo , ce rouocf pa ce akfyanusupaaf npa-
uanafa sa oprauusupauofo kuueeuo pejcfeyeane ua rakepouckufe aefopu u
uufenekfyanuu u sa npunapuocfa ua epeu aefop eo pesynfafufe ua pee u noee-
ke uauuouanuu kuueeuocfu.
Baneufuua Mupoucka Xpucfoecka u co ceojof uoe fpyp sa
19 ce nofeppyea kako pocnepeu ucfpayea u
suaneu ua fpapuuujafa u koufuuyufefof ua rakepouckafa kuueeuocf. Taa ue e
caro aefop co concfeeu kouuenf koj ce cospaea uus ponropoua u cucferua pa-
ofa. Taa eo ucfoepere e rery pefkufe rakepoucku ucfpayeau kou suaaf pa
ce uypuaf eo apxueckufe orafcfea u offary ua ceefnuuafa op peuof pa ce us-
eneaf u pa ce aquprupaaf suaajuufe u eucfuucku epepuocfu. -yecfeofo sa
cenekfueuocf, foa caro no cee ja noppasupa u npaeuuocfa kako efuka rep-
ka, ua uejsuuufe auanusu u cuufesu ur paeaaf suak ua eepopocfojuocf u ua ea-
nupuu saknyouu u oueuku sa nocfaeeuafa sapaa. Ofeopeuo u uckpeuo cnopep
200

uapopuafa ryppocf, aefopkafa uukorau ue ce npucfecuyea a pa ue ru pape con-
cfeeuufe pasrucnu u saknyouu, suau oua ufo uno ua yr usneryea ua ppyr.
Heufafa op ruuafufe eperuna, ueufafa kou u npunaraaf ua ucfopujafa faa u
pekne, ueyropuo ru akfyenusupa u nyuupuo ru uarefuyea sa nosuuuja ua uau
akfueeu opuoc koe uue. Yaeuof cfun u jasukof kuurafa ja npaeaf npurarnueo
efueo.