Design of T-Beam Roof Slab

Name of work:-

PKN

1 Room size

3.62

2 R.C.C. supported Beam

0.23

230

mm

3 End bearing on wall

0.23

230

mm

4 Suer imposed load

4500

N/m

5 Concrete

4.12

Floor finishing

1000

N/m

24000
13.33

N/m

mscbc

20
7

Grade
2
N/mm

Unit weight concrete

m

fy

415

N/mm2

Tensile stress

230

N/mm2

7 Nominal cover Slab

15

mm

Effective cover

19

mm

8 Nominal cover Beam

30

mm

Effective cover

40

mm

9 Reinfocement
Slab main

mm F

90

mm c/c

Slab Distribution

mm F

320

mm c/c

Beam main

25

mm F

2 lgde strirrups

mm F

390

6 Steel

4215
8 mm f @
8 mm f @

230
840

90
180
1050

4345
4115 mm
mm c/c
mm c/c

Nos.
mm c/c

4215
8 mm F @
8 mm f @

1086.25

1086.25

320
90

mm c/c
mm c/c

1050

230

840

130
mm
25 mm f
3 Nos.

590
800
869

590
230

869
230

(a) Section of the slab

2

230

Nos
25
3

25
mm f
Nos

mm f

2 x12 mm f top holding bars

8 mm F2 ldge srirrups @
390 mm c/c
230

220

220
3615
(b) L- Section of Beam

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

230

Design of T-Beam Roof Slab

1
2
3
4
5

Room size
R.C.C. supported Beam
End bearing on wall
External load
Concrete

6 Steel
7 Nominal Cover

3.62
0.23
0.23
4500
M 20
scbc
7
fy 415
15

x
4.12 mtr
m
mtr
N/m2
Floor finishing
Unit weight concrete
N/mm2
m
N/mm2
sst
mm

=
=
=
=
=
=

Effective cover

230
230
1000
####
13.3
230
19

mm
mm
N/mm2
N/m3
N/mm2
mm

1 Solution :Let us keepend sapn of slab slightly less than the middle span so that approximately
(I) End span =
4.10 m (clear)
(II) middle span = 4.12 m (clear)
The clear span of each T Beam =
3.62 m while the R.C. slab monolithic with the
beam will be continous over the three span
Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars
Cocrete M =
20

sst =
scbc =
m

= 230 N/mm2
N/mm3
=
7
= 13.33
m*c

k=

m*c+sst
=
1 =
0.5 x

j=1-k/3
R=1/2xc x j x k

wt. of concrete

2
= 25000 N/mm

13.33
13.33 x

x
7

= 0.289

0.289

7 x

7
+

230

= 0.904

0.90 x

0.289 =

0.913

(A) Design of continous slab:let us assume total thickness of slab = 130 mm and effective thickness =
Effective span;the width of the supports is more than 1/12the clear span
.Effective end span =
clear span +1/2 effective slab=
4.10 + 0.06 =
Effective middle = = clear distance between supports
=
2 Caculcation of B.M. :Overall depth of slab
self weight of Slab =

=
x

Super imposed live load =

111 mm

4.16 m
4.12 m

130 mm, consider 1 mtre width of slab

1.00 x 0.13 x #### = 3250 N/m
Total = 3250 N/m
1
x 4500
= 4500 N/m

For end span

2
Md (near the center)= wd.L
12
Ms (Due to super
ws.L2
imposed load)=
10

1000

1000

3250 x
12
4500 x
10

4.16

4676799

N-mm

4.16

x 1000 =

7770681

N-mm

Total =

12447480

N-mm(+1)

1000 =

2293041

N-M (iii)

+ 1000 =

5503298

N-M (iv)

Total =

7796339

N-mm(+2)

1000 =

5612159

N-mm

x 1000 =

5612159

N-mm

Total =

11224317

N-mm(+3)

x 1000 =

For intermidiate span :wd.L2

x
1000
24
2
Ms (at interior supports ) wd.L
x
1000
12
At the supports next to end supports
wd.L2
Md (at the middle)=
x
1000
10
ws.L2
Ms =
x
1000
9
Md (at the middle)=

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

=
=

=
=

3250 x
24
3250 x
10
3250 x
10
3250 x
10

4.12

4.12

4.16

4.16

3 Design of section :The effective depth will be calculated on the basis of maximum bending moment
out of four value calculated above.
11224317
BM
Effective depth required
=
=
=
111
mm
Rxb
0.913 x 1000
= 26 for contin slab
k.c 100
0.289 x
7 x 100
For a balance section, % of reinforcement- For M-20 =
=
= 0.44 %
x
2. sst
2
230
Taking pt
= 0.25
% we get from fig 7.1 modification factore = 1.70
93 mm for end span
x
26
= 44.2 d = 4100 / 44.2 =
\ span / depth = 1.70
And d for inetrmidiate span =
4115 / 44.2 =
93 mm
4 = 111 mm
keep over all d = 111
+
19
= 130 effective d = 130 15 Since the diffences between various bending moments is not large, reinforcement found
for large will be provided for other moments also.
Let us check this depth from stiffness (deflection)point of view. Span /effective depth ratio

4 Main Reiforcement :The maximum bending moment in end span (1) in intermidiate span (2) and at the support
next to end support (3) are nearly equal. Hence same reinforcement will be provided in all span .
BM
12447480
Ast =
=
=
539
mm2
sst x j x D
230 x 0.904 x 111
3.14xdia2
3.14 x
8
x 8
using
8 mm f bars
A
=
=
= 50.2 mm2
4 x100
4
x 100
Pitch s = = 1000 x As
/A
=
1000 x
50 /
539 = 93.2
say = 93 mm
mm
F
bar,
Hence Provided
8
90 mm c/c middle of each span.
Bent up alternate bars from the bottom at a distance of L/5=
=
4156 /
5 = 830 mm from
center of intermidiate supports and at L/ 7 '=
4156 /
7=
590 mm from the end support.
Thus reinforcement available at each intermidiate support will be =
8 mm f bars @
90 mm c/c
1000 x
50.2
558
Actual provided =
= 558 mm2 pt
=
x 100 = 0.430 %
90
1000 x 130
Distribution reinforcement:.12 xb xd
130
0.12 x 1000 x
Ast =
=
=
156
mm2
100
100
3.14xdia2
3.14 x
8
x 8
using
8 mm f bars
A
=
=
= 50.2 mm2
4 x100
4
x 100
Pitch s = = 1000 x As
/A
=
1000 x 50.2 /
156 = 322.1
say = 322 mm
the above pitch is less than 5 time depth of slab = 5xd =
650 mm
and also less than = 450 mm.
Hence provided =
8
mm bars @
320 mm c/c.
Check for shear :V = 0.4wd .L+0.45 ws .L at the outer supports
0.4 x
3250 +
0.45 x
4500 )x 4.16 = 13817
13817
V
tv
=
=
= 0.124 N/mm2
bxd
1000 x 111
100.As
100
x
279
=
= 0.25 % \ tc = 0.21 % For M
bxd
1000
x
111
than permissible value of tc =
Hence safe
0.124 <
0.21 N/mm2
v

=(

20

concrete

5 Check for devlopment length at supports:The code stipulates that at the diameter of bars should be such that
1.3xM1
L0 > Ld
the following Eq.is satisfied at the end of supports
=
+
V
0.5 x
v = 13817
where M
=
558 x
230 x 0.904 x 111 = 6437630
Side cover x'
=
30 mm is provided at side (end)
and the slab has a support of
=
230 mm width without providing any hook or bend
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

1.3 xM1
V

=(

230
2

30

)=

L0

1.3

f s st
4 tbd

Devlopment length Ld

= 45 F

Alternatively, Ld
Thus

=
=

=
M1
1.3x
V
691 >

85

mm

(with out providing any hook or bend)

6437630
13817
8
x
4
x( 1.6

85

230
x 0.8

45

L0

>

Ld

360

691 mm
= 359

mm

360 mm

Hence Code requirement are satisfied

(B) Design of T beam

Let width of web bw =
230 mm
Effective span =
3.85 m
lo
3845
bf =
+
bw
+
6Df =
+ 230 +
6
x 130 = 1651 mm
6
6
3
unit weight of slab =
0 N/m
1 load calculation per metre run
4.10
4.12
Load from slab = (wd+ws) x
+ 0.23 +
=( 3250 + 4500 )x 4.34 = 33616 N/m
2
2
Weight of web (assuming depth of rib)
= 230 mm
= 0.23 x 0.23 x 24000 = 1269.6 N/m
Total w
= 34885 N/m
2 Design of section
3.85 2
wL2 = 34885 x
M
=
64468005
kN-m
x 1000 =
8
8
2kcd-Df
for balance section, we have
M
= 0.45bf.c.Df
kc
2x 0.289 d- 130
or
= 0.45
x
1651 x
7
x 100
=
64468005
0.289
64468005
346.49
2
x 0.289 d- 130 =
0.45 x
1651 x
7.00
45044
57441
200 d = 12397 +
or
290
say
= 57441 /
200 =
287 mm
mm
3 Area of steel:Df
130 =
= 290
225
mm
2
2
0.9.d =
Alternatively a
=
0.9
x 290 = 261 mm
Adopt d
= 240 mm, for primilnary calculation.
BM
64468005
=
Area of steel,
Ast =
= 1168 mm2
230 x 240
sst xa
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars
A
=
=
= 491
4 x 100
4
x 100
Nomber of Bars = Ast/A =
1168 / 491 = 2.38
say
=
3 No.
Hence Provided
3
bars of
25 mm F bar,
2
having,
Ast =
3
x 491 = 1472 mm
Area of steel =

Provide D =
Available d =

d-

230 mm keeping '=

230

30

30
8

mm nominal cover and using

30
/
2
= 177

mm2

8 mm f Ring
mm

4 Determination of actual N.A. and stress.:Thus the section is complete known However, we have determine the actual stress included
in section. To find the position of N.A., we have from Eq.
=
bf
x
Df
x(
n
- Df/2 )= m
x Ast x( d
n )
N.A.
= 1651
x
100 x (
n
65 )= 13.33 x 1472 x( 177 n )
10730417
165083
3472757
x
n
=
- 19620 n
165083
3472757
10730417
n
+ 19620.09 n
+
=
184703 =
n
= 14203173
/
77 mm thus, the N.A. falls in the flange.
N.A. falls in the flange, we have N.A .

bf / 2 x

Ast

x(

1651
2
2
=
4207
23.77
n
or
n
b +b2-4.a.c
2a
or
n
=

n =

or
or
or
a.=

d-

Avrage stress in steel

corresponding stress In
concrete is given by

5 Check for Sheart:wl 34885

V=
2

n
=
3
m
=
Ast xa
t
x
m

n2

= 13.33 x 1472 x( 177

n)

n
or n2+
- 4207.3
=
23.77 n
-4207
= 23.77 + 565 -4x 1.00 x
2 x
1
= 23.77 +( 565 - -16829.10818 )1/2
2
17394.12
n
= 23.77 +(
)1/2
2
x
1
n
= 23.77 + 132
2
n
=
108 /
2
= 54 mm
54
177
=
159
mm
3
64468005
=
275
Fail
N/mm2 > 111
1472 x
159
n
275
54
=
x
= 9.1 >
7
d-n
13.33
177 54

N
mm2

N
63055.04419
V
=
= 1.55
bxd
230 x 177
mm2
100As
100 x 981
Assuming that at the ends,
1 bars will be bent up available =
= 2.41 %
bxd
230 x 177
Hence from Table permissible shear (tc)for M 20 concrete, for 2.41 % steel = 0.51 N/mm2
Since tv >
tc
Shear reinforcement necessary
shear resistance of concrete V c=tc. Bd
= 0.51
177 = 20762 N
x 230 x

x
2

3.62

63055.04 N tv =

mm f bars, let us bend 1 bars at distance of 2 a = 2 x 159 mm

= 1.414 x 159 = 220 mm from the edge of the supports.
Area of cross -section of
bend up bars
1
3.14xdia2 =
3.14 x 25 x 25
= 491 mm2
4 x100
4
x
100
2
Area of bent up bars
=
1
x 491 = 491 mm
Sin 45 = 0.707
Nos.bent up bars
1
vs = ssv . Asv . sin f
\ Shear resistance of
A
s
x
x sina =
sv
vs =
sv
230 x 491 x 0.71 = 79842 N
Out of 3

-25

subject to a max. of V / 2
31527.5
2
=
N
= 63055 /
than
the
S.F.
it
self.
Through
shear
resistance
of
concrete
(v 2 = tc. bd )
This is >
is additionally available, we will have to provide nominal shear stirrups.
using

8
using 8

3.14xdia2
4 x100
lgd stirrups area
=
2

mm f bars area
mm

the maximum spacing of stirrups is given by

Hence Provided 8

mm F 2 lgd stirrups, @

2.175 x Asv.x fy

=
x
=

3.14 x
4
50.2 =
2.18 x
230

8
x

8
= 50.2 mm2
100
100.4 mm2
100 x 415
= 394 mm

390 mm c/c throughout the length of beam.

6 check for development length at the end.

1.3xM1 +
L0
Ld
Ast available at end.=
>
V
= moment of resistance of section, assuming all reinforcement stress at sst
"= Ast x s st x a
35884312.5 N-mm
230 x 159
= 981
x
=

The code requires that

M1
M1

981

mm2

63055 N
Alternatively, Ld = 45 F = 45 x 25 = 1125 mm
V
=
Let us assume the width of supports equal to
= 230 mm and a side cover x' 30 mm,
Assuming no hook provided
Ls
230
we have, Lo =(
x'
=
30
= 85
mm
2
2
1.3 xM1
35884312.5
L0
+
=
1.3
x
+
85 =
825
mm
63055
V
=
825 < 1125 Hence Code requirement U121are not satisfied

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

Design of T-Beam Roof Slab

Name of work:-

PKN
4215

4345

8
230

mm f @
mm f @

840

90
180
1050

4215

mm

4115

mm c/c
mm c/c

8
8

1086.25

mm F @
mm f @
1086.25

320
90
1050

mm c/c
mm c/c

230

840
130

590

25
800

mm f
Nos.

230

590

100

869
230

(a) Section of the slab

230

Nos

25
25
3

mm f
mm f
Nos

2 x12 mm f top holding bars

8
390

230

mm F 2 ldge srirrups @
mm c/c
230

220

220
3615 mm

(b) L- Section of Beam

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS

Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio

M-15
18.67

M-20
13.33

M-25
10.98

M-30
9.33

M-35
8.11

M-40
7.18

scbc N/mm2
m scbc

8.5

10

11.5

13

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

kc

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

(a) sst =
140
N/mm2
(Fe 250)

jc

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

Rc

0.867

1.214

1.474

1.734

1.994

2.254

Pc (%)

0.714

1.214

1.429

1.643

1.857

kc

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

jc

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

Rc

0.89
0.732

1.025

1.244

1.464

1.684

1.903

Pc (%)

0.433

0.606

0.736

0.866

0.997

1.127

kc

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

jc

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

Rc

0.653

0.914

1.11

1.306

1.502

1.698

Pc (%)

0.314

0.44

0.534

0.628

0.722

0.816

kc

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

jc

0.916

0.916

0.916

0.914

0.916

0.916

Rc

0.579

0.811

0.985

1.159

1.332

1.506

Pc (%)

0.23

0.322

0.391

0.46

0.53

0.599

(b) sst =
190
N/mm2
(c ) sst =
230
N/mm2
(Fe 415)
(d) sst =
275
N/mm2
(Fe 500)

Permissible shear stress Table tv in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As
bd
< 0.15
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00 and above

Permissible shear stress in concrete

M-15
M-20
M-25
M-30
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.45
0.42
0.45
0.46
0.48
0.44
0.47
0.49
0.50
0.44
0.49
0.51
0.53
0.44
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.44
0.51
0.55
0.57
0.44
0.51
0.56
0.58
0.44
0.51
0.57
0.6

tv N/mm2
M-35
M-40
0.2
0.2
0.23
0.23
0.31
0.32
0.37
0.38
0.42
0.42
0.45
0.46
0.49
0.49
0.52
0.52
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.60
0.60
0.62
0.62
0.63

Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete

tc.max

M-15
1.6

M-20
1.8

M-25
1.9

M-30
2.2

M-35
2.3

M-40
2.5

Grade of concrete
tbd (N / mm2)

Shear stress tc
100As
M-20
bd
0.14
0.17
0.15
0.18
0.16
0.18
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.2
0.19
0.21
0.2
0.22
0.2
0.23
0.2
0.24
0.21
0.25
0.21
0.26
0.21
0.27
0.22
0.28
0.22
0.29
0.22
0.3
0.23
0.31
0.23
0.32
0.24
0.33
0.24
0.34
0.24
0.35
0.25
0.36
0.25
0.37
0.25
0.38
0.26
0.39
0.26
0.4
0.26
0.41
0.27
0.42
0.27
0.43
0.27
0.44
0.28
0.45
0.28
0.46
0.28
0.47
0.29
0.48
0.29
0.49
0.29
0.5
0.30
0.51
0.30
0.52
0.30
0.53
0.30
0.54
0.30
0.55
0.31
0.56
0.31
0.57
0.31
0.58
0.31
0.59
0.31
0.6
0.32
0.61
0.32

Reiforcement %
100As
M-20
bd
0.17
0.14
0.18
0.15
0.19
0.18
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.24
0.22
0.27
0.23
0.3
0.24
0.32
0.25
0.35
0.26
0.38
0.27
0.41
0.28
0.44
0.29
0.47
0.30
0.5
0.31
0.55
0.32
0.6
0.33
0.65
0.34
0.7
0.35
0.75
0.36
0.82
0.37
0.88
0.38
0.94
0.39
1.00
0.4
1.08
0.41
1.16
0.42
1.25
0.43
1.33
0.44
1.41
0.45
1.50
0.46
1.63
0.46
1.64
0.47
1.75
0.48
1.88
0.49
2.00
0.50
2.13
0.51
2.25

Degree
10
15
16
17
18
19

Value of
sin
0.174
0.259
0.276
0.292
0.309
0.326

modification factore Table

200
250
328

% fy
0.0
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2

1.90
1.80
1.70
1.60
1.55
1.50
1.50
1.45
1.40
1.35
1.35
1.30
1.30
1.25
1.25
1.20
1.18
1.17
1.16
1.15
1.14
1.13
1.12
1.11
1.11
1.11

angle
cos
0.985
0.966
0.961
0.956
0.951
0.946

tan
0.176
0.268
0.287
0.306
0.325
0.344

2.0
1.75
1.65
1.55
1.5
1.45
1.4
1.35
1.3
1.3
1.25
1.2
1.2
1.18
1.16
1.14
1.13
1.12
1.1
1.1
1.08
1.06
1.05
1.04
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.00

2
1.85
1.75
1.65
1.5
1.4
1.35
1.30
1.25
1.2
1.16
1.13
1.1
1.1
1.07
1.05
1.03
1.01
1.0
0.99
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.92
0.92
0.91
0.91
0.90
0.87
0.86

0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.7
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13

0.32
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

20
21
22
23
24
25
35
40
45
50
55
60
65

0.342
0.358
0.375
0.391
0.407
0.422
0.573
0.643
0.707
0.766
0.819
0.866
0.906

0.940
0.934
0.927
0.921
0.924
0.906
0.819
0.766
0.707
0.643
0.574
0.500
0.423

0.364
0.384
0.404
0.424
0.445
0.466
0.700
0.839
1.000
1.192
1.428
1.732
2.145

1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65

0.4
0.4
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.46

1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17

0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50

2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69

0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

Permissible Bond stress Table tbd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concreteM-10
-tbd (N / mm2)

M-15
0.6

M-20
0.8

M-25
0.9

M-30
1

M-35
1.1

M-40
1.2

M-45
1.3

Development Length in tension

Plain M.S. Bars

H.Y.S.D. Bars

Grade of
concrete

tbd (N / mm2)

kd = Ld F

tbd (N / mm2)

kd = Ld F

M 15

0.6

58

0.96

60

M 20

0.8

44

1.28

45

M 25

0.9

39

1.44

40

M 30

35

1.6

36

M 35

1.1

32

1.76

33

M 40

1.2

29

1.92

30

M 45

1.3

27

2.08

28

M 50

1.4

25

2.24

26

Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of
concrete
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50

Permission stress in compression (N/mm 2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for

Bending acbc
Direct (acc)
plain bars in tention (N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
3.0
5.0
7.0
8.5
10.0
11.5
13.0
14.5
16.0

Kg/m2
300
500
700
850
1000
1150
1300
1450
1600

(N/mm2)
2.5
4.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0

Kg/m2
250
400
500
600
800
900
1000
1100
1200

(N/mm2)
-0.6
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

in kg/m2
-60
80
90
100
110
120
130
140

n factore Table
415

1.90
1.80
1.70
1.60
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.15
1.05
1.02
1.20
0.98
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.91
0.90
0.89
0.86
0.86
0.85
0.84
0.83
0.83
0.82
0.82
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81

500
2.00
1.80
1.65
1.50
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.20
1.16
1.08
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.86
0.84
0.82
0.81
0.80
0.79
0.78
0.77
0.76
0.75
0.74
0.73
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.70
0.70
0.69
0.69
0.68
0.68

00)
M-50
1.4
fs = 120 =fy200

2.0

fs =145 =fy250
fs =190 =fy328

1.6

fs =240 =fy415
fs = 290 =fy500

1.2
0.8
0.4

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

Modification factore
Fig 7.1
Fs= steel stress of service load =0.58fy
for steeel
2
fy 500
= Fs 290 N/mm
2
fy 415
= Fs 240 N/mm
2
fy 328
= Fs 190 N/mm
2
fy 250
= Fs 145 N/mm
2
fy 207
= Fs 120 N/mm

2.4

2.8

3.2