Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwD A[kdpnf;kH;a&;aumfrwD.

au;a=umfoH

twGJ (1)

trSw( f 8)

2012 rwfv

rmwd u m
ESp( f 20) ed*;Hk csKyfe@J a&S@vy ki f ef;(2) pDti dk a f aat(CIA) ner fL S ; bmvkyz f @dk vmrSmvJ(6) NLD . tajymif;tvJ(7) umwGe;f aeOD;. umwGe;f vuf&mrsm;(9-10) 'Dru dk a&pD-+ir d ;f csr;f a&;-(11) jynfoa l wG vkc d siw f hJ jynfwi G ;f +ir d ;f csr;f a&;(13) aemufjyefrqkwa f wmhw hJ (15) 'Dru dk a&pDc&D; reD;ao;bl;(18) b,fo@l twGuf 'Dru dk a&pD(21) wHv#yu f dk wHv#yv f @dk y J (22) uk, d p hf nf;0ki d ;f xJ r#m;ac:+y;D (24) vka d ewmu qif}u;D avmuf(28) jynfo@l tusK;d aqmif=ur,f h (33) wyfrawmf tiftm;&Sr d S (35) ppfvuf0g;}u;D tkyf ajr,mOya'=urf;(37) v,f,mpku d y f sK;d a&;ESi hf (42) Eki di fa H &;'\e vrf;cG J (45) qk& d , S v f pfwyfrL S ;rsm; tyki d ;f (1)(47) nxJu =u,f(51) tm&S ypdzw d u f =H urRm(62) tm&yfaEGO;D ppfwrf;w&yf(66) tm&S ypdzw d a f 'ouk d (67) 2011 twGi;f owif;(10) ck (69) ta&S@ar#mv f mwJh 0g&i Sw f ef(74) &k&m S ;qk& d , S ' fr Du dk &ufwpf(76) ,cif qkA d, D uf jynfaxmifp k (81) uGejf rLepf0g'. rlrsm(85) =um;jzwfa&G;aumufy JG (87) acgi;f }u;D aqmif;yg;(88)

A[kp d nf;&k;H a&;aumfrwD.tmabmf

ESp( f 20) ed*;Hk csKye f @J a&S@vy ki f ef;

Armjynfue G jf rLepfygw/D A[dp k nf;H;k a&;aumfrwD (COC)

(1) 2012 ckESpf rwfvwGif ygwD (A[dk) . wm0efudk A[dk pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD (COC) u ,lcw hJ m ESpf (20) wif;wif; jynfc hy hJ g+yD? 1985 A[da k umfrwDu 1990 a&G;aumufyu JG kd oydwr f arSmufz@kd / NLD udk rJyHkatmay;=uzdk@ jynfolvlxkodk@ aqmf=oonfh a=unmcsux f w k +f yD;aemuf (COC) zG@J pnf;a&;udy k J vkyc fo hJ nf? (1992) rwfvusrS (COC) pwif zG@J pnf;+yD;onf? (1992) rS (2012) txd ESpf (20) twGi;f vkyc fw hJ hJ vkyi f ef;rsm;udk aygi;f csKyfo;kH oyf+yD; Ted*Hk;csKyfcsufudk wifjyygonf? (2) Auy. oufwrf; (70) ausmfwGif tedrfhusqHk; tcse d /f tiftm;tenf;qH;k tcse d w f i G f A[dw k m0efukd ,lcJh&jcif;jzpfojzifh tcuftcJtvGef}uD;cJhygonf? Ed k i f i H a &;e,f y ,f w G i f -

ES p f (20) ed * H k ; csKyf c suf e J @ a&S @ vk y f i ef ; Armjynf u G e f j rLepf y gwD / A[d k p nf ; H k ; a&;aumf r wD ( COC ) uwif j yonf (rwf v / 2012)

- ppftkyfpk. tjrpfjywfacsr_ef;a&;udk &ifqdkifcJh&Hkomru tpOftvmrdwfzuf tif tm;pkrsm;uyg 0di k ;f y,fwmudk }uKHc& hJ onf? tus,c f s@J rwifjyawmhyg? odyr f sm;ygonf? tawG ; tac:e,f y ,f w G i f - vpfb&,f'r D u kd a&pD0g'u tqufrjywfx;kd ESuw f u kd c fu kd w f mudk cHc& hJ onf? pmeJ@ayeJ@ a&;=uwmjzpfvdk@ &Sm+yD;zwfEdkifonf? vuf a wG @ Ed k i f i H a &;e,f y ,f w G i f - NLD u twufq;kH tcse d r f m S rS Auy u tedrq hf ;kH tcse d jf zpfaeojzifh Auy ajymor# t}uHjyKcsuf rSefor#udk ypfy,fwmcH&onf? ydkqdk;onfrSm NLD wGif;rS wdk;wuf wufu ormorwfusol tm;vH;k avmufukd ppftpd;k &u axmifoi G ;f tusO;f csay; xm;onf? Armjynf. Edi ki fa H &;vufawG@rsm;udk ordi k ;f eJ@cs+D yD; enf;ay;vrf;jy t}uHay; vkyfEdkifolrsm;uvnf; tdkrif;rpGrf;jzpfum wppauvGifhukef=uonf? Ed k i f i H w umh e ,f y ,f w G i f - tar&duefu igwaumaumonf? ppftpdk;&udk 0dkif;y,fonf? tpdk;&tajymif; tvJvy k z f @kd }udK;pm;onf? 'Dvv kd y k a f v ppftpd;k &u wkw& f ifci Gx f J wd;k 0ifav jzpfchJ onf? orRwbk&SfvufxufwGif ppftpdk;&eJ@wkwf r[mrdwfjyKr_ cdkif+rJoGm;cJhonf? 2

Auyudkvnf; wEG,fiifwpifyg xdk;ESufp&m jzpfoGm;onf? wkwfqef@usifa&;rSm Auy ryg&aumif;vm;vdk@ jypfwifarmif;rJ=uonf? 'gu ESpf (20) &J@ yxr (10) ESpy fi kd ;f rSmjzpfcw hJ mawGyg? ygwD raoa&; }udK;yrf;cJ& h wmawGyg? aemuf (10) ESpfrSmawmh Auy raobl;qdkwm aocsmoGm;onf? ppftpdk;&a&m rdwfaqGrsm;yg wpHkw&m tod trSwfjyKvm&onf? ppftpd;k &u (olw@kd ajymwJh Auy vufuse f ) udk a'owckay;+yD; +idr;f tzG@J vkyz f @kd wd;k wd;k wdww f w d f urf;vSr;f vmonf? Auy u ,wdjywfy,fcsvu kd o f nf? ESpz f uf oabmwlonfh wdi k ;f a&;jynf&mudp}P uD; rsm;udk aqG;aEG;=u&ef/ aqG;aEG;yGu J kd jynfwi G ;f rSmvky& f ef/ v#Kd @0u S +f yD;aqG;aEG;um oabmwlnc D su& f =urS wdi k ;f jynfo@kd wifjy&ef (Auy) u tqdjk yKcJo h nf? ta=umif;jyefcsuf r&cJy h g? rdwa f qGrsm;uvnf; Auy udk olw@kd . wyfaygi;f pk rsm;wGif yg0if&ef csO;f uyf=uonf? od@k aomf wd;k wd;k wdww f w d ? f Auy u olw@kd tajctaeudk em;vnfv@kd jy\emr&Sy d g? tm;vH;k od@k acgi;f pD;wyf+yD; rdrdwdk@}uHqcsufudkyJ (Auy) u wifjycJhonf? ajyma&;qdkcGifh&SdolwOD;owfrSwfxm;+yD; Armjynf&J@vufawG@ EdkifiHa&;udpPrsm; tay:wGif xm;&Sdonfh tjrif/ oabmxm;ESifhvkyfief;rsm;udk tcgtm;avsmfpGm wifjycJh ygonf? 2008 aemufyi kd ;f rSmawmh Edi ki fw H umhtajctaeuvnf; ajymif; oGm;jyefonf? Armjynfppftpd;k &u rif;qd;k rif;npf&@J a&S@wef;pcef; r[kwa f wmh? xdawG@qufq& H r,fh (pnf;H;k &r,f) h tpd;k & jzpfonf[k tar&d uefu oabmxm;vmonf? ArmjynfrSmuvnf; vrf;jyajryHk (7) csuf atmifjrif+yD; v$wf awmfawG/ orRwawGeJ@ jzpfvm+yD? 'ga=umifh ppftkyfpku tar&duef&J@ xdawG@qufqHr_udk vdkvm;onf? }udKqdkvdkufonf? NLD vrf;pOfajymif;zdk@ jzpfvmonf? tajymif;tvJ jrefqefvmonf? NLD u wifa&; 0ifa&; qH;k jzwfonf? 'gu olw@kd up d ? P Auy u axmufcw H m rvkyo f vdk uef@uu G f wmvnf; rvkyf? odk@aomf 'Dvrf;a=umif;udk 0uFygvrf;vdk t0ifvG,fvdk@ txGufcufvdrfhrnf[k jrifonf? EdkifiHwumhtajctaeuvnf; tcktwdkif; worwfwnf;&SdaerSm r[kw? f tar&duef-wkwf vGeq f y JG u JG onf;oefjyif;xefvmvdrr hf nf? AD,uf erfppfy+JG yD;uwnf;u +idra f eaom ANZUS (tar&duef/ =opa=w;vse@J e,l; ZDvef ppfr[mrdwt f zG@J ) jyef+yD;v_yv f y _ & f m S ;&Sm;jzpfvm+yD; wkwu f vnf; Arm jynfrm S ausmufjzL-a&$vD cGer f if; a&eH"mwfaiG@yu kd v f i kd ;f pDru H e d ;f aqmif&u G f ae+yD? 'kwd,urBmppfrwdkifrDu Armvrf;r}uD; (Burma Road) a=umifh *syef&J@tmHkusr_ cH&um ppfyGJtwGif; qGJoGif;cH&ovdkjzpfrSmudk rdrdwdk@ pdk;&drf ygonf? jynfwi G ;f tajctaeuvnf; tcktwdi k ;f wnf&a dS erSmr[kw? f ppfAsL dku&uf t&if;&SifpepfeJ@ taygif;toif; a&mif;&if; (Crony) "e&Sifpepf a=umifh tvkyform;/ v,form;/ +rdK@aevlvwfwef;pm;rsm; jzLumjymum

123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

usae+yD? trsdK;om;t&if;&Sif rsm;vnf; vkyfief;udkifief;usyfwnf;=uvS+yD? EdkifiHa&;tajymif;tvJxuf pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ usef;rma&; tajymif;tvJudk olwdk@vdkvm;awmifhwae=u+yD? Armjynf tmqD,HOuUjzpfwmxuf tmqD,HvGwfvyfwJh ukefoG,fa&;a'oxJ Armjynf ygvm&if tusdK;xuf tqdk;jzpfvmavrvm;qdkwm pdk;&drfae=u+yD? rdrw d @kd b,favmuftoifjh yif+yD;+yDv? J a&$ausmif;ajymifajymif 0rf;acgia f cgi f jzpf=urvm;qdw k mudk awG; awm ylyefae=u+yD? ygvr D efvrf;a=umif;jzifh wpwpjyKjyifajymif;vJa&; NLD vkyr f m S udk rdrw d @kd ruef@uu G y f g? od@k aomf atmifjrifrnf[k rxifyg? ppftkyfpku ArmjynfEdkifiHa&;xJrSm usifvnfcJhwm =umvS+yD? acwfeJ@tnD tajymif;tvJvkyfwmrSm olw@kd u u|r;f usio f nf? Edi ki fa H &;av b,fbufuwdu k a f eovJqw kd mudk odonf? ta&mifajymif;zd@k vnf; 0efrav;? ta&S@av wdu k a f ewke;f u jrefrmhq& kd , S v f pf taemufav wdu k a f wmh pnf;urf;&Sw d ' hJ r Du kd a&pD vkyw f mud=k unfh v#if &Sif;onf? ukefukefajym&v#if trsdK;om;0HomEk zufqpfvufopf vkyfzdk@vnf; 0efav;=urnf r[kwf? BEDC u UMEH - MEC wdk@txd odr; f ydu k & f &Sx d m;wJh pD;yGm;a&;vuf 0g;}uD;tkyr f u _ kd vufrv$w& f zd@k yJ olwdk@vkyf=uvdrfhrnf? 1990 aemufyi kd ;f rSm e0wetz u anmifEp S y f if nDvmcHtwke@J Edi ki fa H &;upm;cJo h vdk tckvnf; 2008 tjccHOya'udk udkif+yD; EdkifiHa&;upm;vdrfhrnf? =um;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJrSm b,fvdk&v'f xGufvmrvJqdkwmudk apmifh=unfhygrnf? 2015 taxGaxGa&G;aumufyt JG wGuf b,fvO kd ya'awG jymef;vmrvJqw kd mvnf; apmif=h unfh ygrnf? NLD u ygvDrefxJ0if+yD; 2008 tajccHOya' udk b,f[mup+yD; jyKjyifzdk@ vkyfrvJ qdkwmudk odcsifygonf? bmup+yD; jyKjyifzdk@vkyfrvJqdkwmudk apmifh=unfhygrnf? ygvDref jyifyvrf;a=umif;rSae+yD; tm;ay;ygrnf? Auy . oabmxm;udk &Si;f atmif wifjyygrnf? ygvDrefy vrf;a=umif;onf t"dujzpfonf? ygvDrefvrf;a=umif;. t&efr[kwf? tpG,ftyGm;r[kwf[k cH,lonf? ygvDrefvrf;a=umif;wGif;rS NLD . vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk tjyKoabmjzifh a0zefoGm;rnf? uzsuf,zsufvkyfrnf r[kwf? tcsKyfoabmjzifh wifjyvdkonfrSm ESpf 20 wGi;f Auy vkyc fw hJ mu yxr (10) ESpa f vmufu temukpm;ae&cse d jf zpfonf? 'kwd , (10) ESpfu emvefxcsdef jzpfonf? vkyfEdkifpGrf;tm; odyfr&Sdyg? odk@jzpfI Auy . }uHqcsuf udk tm;vH;k od@k wifjyonfe h nf;yJ vkyc f& hJ onf? 'Drkd 2006 }uHqcsuu f kd wifjyawmh wcsKd @u Auy q&mvkyf onf[k xif=uonf? yxr tm;pkxm;/ jynfo@l qENc, H y l JG usrS tife@J tm;eJ@ wdu k z f suy f pfa&;udk oabm rawG@=u? tqifw h i kd ;f wdu k z f sur f nf [k qd=k uonf? od@k aomf tqifw h i kd ;f bmrSysua f tmif rvkyE fi kd f? tckawmh tdrfjyef=u&awmhrnf? EdkifiHwumhtajctae ajymif;oGm;cJh+yD? tdrjf yefrjyefup du P ud, k t hf ajctaet& vky=f u&rnfh olw@kd udpjP zpfonf? uef@uu G p f &mrvdo k vdk axmufcHp&mvnf; rvdkyg? pdkaomvuf rajcmufzdk@ }udK;pm;ygrnf? Auy bmvkyr f vJ? 1990 uwnf;u ,l*sq D if;xm;+yD; jzpfonf? vufeufui kd w f u kd y f JG A/S umvu Edi ki fw H umhue G jf rLepfvy _ & f m S ;r_e@J tqufjywfaecJo h nf? U/G umv rSmawmh us,u f s,jf yef@jyef@ qufqE Hi kd c fo hJ nf? qufq& H mwGiv f nf; 21 &mpk rmhup f 0 f g' udk olw@kd b,fvp kd Of;pm; ovJ qkw d mudk t"duxm;onf? olwdk@wdkif;jynftajctaet& olwdk@bmvkyfovJqdkwm avhvmonf? olw@kd u odvv kd #if Armjynftajc taeudk ajymjyonf? Auy bmvkya f eovJqw kd m ajymjyonf? 4

 uGejf rLepfygwr D sm;wGiv f nf; wcsKd @ tm%m&/ wcsKd @u tm%m t0ef;t0di k ;f twGi;f / wcsKd @u Oya'wGi;f / wcsKd @u Oya'y (Oya'yu enf;onf? Auy eJ@ wcsKd @yJ &So d nf?) olw@kd ue G * f &ufrsm;udk wufEi kd v f #if wufonf? o0%fvm $ awmif;v#if ay;onf? 'DtvkyfawGudk qufvkyfrnf? vufeufui kd w f u kd y f JG A/S omefukd t&efa&G;cs,p f &mtjzpf xm;&onfh ta=umif;udk wifjyvdo k nf? Auy udk acwfajymif;awmfve S a f &;vkyz f @kd xlaxmifxm;wm jzpfonf? 'ga=umifv h nf; puwnf;u rw&m;oif; a=unmcH&onf? Oya'wGif;a&mufwmuvnf; *syefawmfvSefa&;vd_if;udk pD;+yD; a&mufwm jzpfonf? (3) ESpy f J =umonf? 1948 rSm vufeufui kd w f u kd y f JG wdu k o f nf? rwdu k v f #if Auy zsuo f r d ;f +yD; jzpfvr d r hf nf? (1948 wke;f u Auyudk wef;+yD; rw&m;oif; ra=unmyg? zqyv tpd;k & jynfxa J &;0ef}uD; OD;ausm+f idr;f u ol@oi l ,fcsi;f OD;ode;f az (jrif) h udk Auy tm; tydi kp f ;D &ef vrf;&Si;f ay;wm jzpfonf? od@k aomf OD;ode;f az (jrif) h u vuf0n J ! D w G a f &; udy k J vkya f eonf? 'ga=umifh aemuf qH;k wGif OD;ode;f az (jrif) h udk zrf;&onf? Auy udv k nf; rw&m;oif; a=unm&onf?) Auy u ajrv#dK;p&m&Sdv#if v#dK;zdk@ 0efrav;yg? awmcdkp&m&Sdv#if cdkzdk@ t+rJtqif oifjh zpfonf? ajrvnf; rv#Kd ;/ awmvnf;rcdv k #if tm%m&So d a l wG xifwi kd ;f tEdi ku f sic hf & H vdrr hf nf? Auy u ygwu D kd uspu f spv f spv f spf zG@J onf? 'ga=umifh ygw0 D ifO;D a& trsm;qH;k umvurS axmif*%ef; tenf;i,fyJ &So d nf? ygwD0ifawGu b,folawGyg qdkwmudk tm%mydkifrsm;odk@ (b,fawmhrS) rwifjyEdkif? olw@kd bmom pHp k rf;,lz@kd yJ jzpfonf? Auy vufusef b,favmuf&w dS ,f qdw k muda k wmh avhvm pl;prf;olwi kd ;f odonf? ppfty k p f r k m S qdv k #if pmwGv J u kd /f "mwfye kH @J wuG &So d nf? ygw0 D ifopfawGawmh olwdk@ rodEdkif? rdrduvnf; pm&if;ray;Edkif? pm&if;ay;v#if A[dku opPmazmufwmyJ jzpfvdrfh rnf? 'ga=umifh Oya'wGi;f b0 tm;rusvy S g vd@k tjywfa&;wm jzpfonf? (7) Auy bmvdc k sio f vJ? tvkyo f rm;/ v,form;/ +rdK@aevlvwfwef;pm;/ ausmif;om;/ wdi k ;f &if;om; t&if;&Sir f sm;&J@ or*~awG/ tpnf;tHk;awG/ toif;tzGJ@awG um,uH&Sifrsm;udk,fwdkif zGJ@wmudk awG@vdkonf? txl;ojzifh tvkyform;/ v,form;/ ausmif;om; or*~}uD; (3) ck zGJ@pnf;wmudk vdkvm;onf? olwkd@ vwfwavmrSm bmawGvkdcsifovJqdkwm odcsifonf? olwdk@&J@ vwfwavmawmif;qdkcsufawGudk avhvmcsifonf? 1980 uwnf;u +rdK@ay: rqv awmxJ Auy qd& k if rd;k rqH;k ajrrqH;k wdu k a f e=u&vdrr hf nf? +idr;f csr;f a&;/ wnf+idrfa&; &rSjzpfrnf? 'ga=umifh vpfb&,f'Drdkua&pD ygwDwck &SdapcsifcJhonf? &Sdzdk@vnf; 1300 ta&;awmfykH wyfom;}uD; awGe@J !E d i _d ;f cJo h nf? olw@kd .t}uH^m%f trsm;}uD; &onf? 1300 jynf& h @J a&$&wkEp S f (1350) rSm tJ'v D kd ygwa D y:zd@k tm;xkwc f =hJ uonf? uHtm;avsmp f m G ay:onf? 'gayrJh uk odkvfqdk;csifawmh ppfat;acwf ukefqHk;csdefeJ@ wdkufqdkifoGm;onf? ESpf (20) =umawmh txufrSm azmfjycJhovdk jzpfay:ajymif;vJcJhonf? ygvDrefvrf;a=umif;eJ@ ygvDrefyvrf;a=umif;qdk+yD; jzpfaeonf? (8) Auy u jynfo@l 'r D u kd a&pDo@kd jyefom G ;rnf? wdi k ;f jynf.uH=urRmudk jynfoa l wGu, kd w f i kd f zefw;D Edi kz f @kd um,uH&i Sf udk,fwdkif OD;pD;wJh/ vGwfvyfwJhor*~awG/ tpnf;tHk;awG/ toif;tzGJ@awG +rdKif+rdKifqdkifqdkif &Sdvmatmifvkyfrnf? 2008 tajccHOya' wdu k z f sua f &;twGuf jynfou l kd pnf;H;k rnf? ygwD. taxGaxGvrf;pOfopf wckcsrSwfzdk@ }udK;pm;rnf?

Eki di fa H &; pDti kd a f t (CIA) !er fL S ; bmvkyz f @kd vmrSmvJ

a&atmifpnf

(1) pDti kd a f t!er f L S ; Armjynfom G ;r,fv@kd tar&duefbufuyJ avoH ypfw,f? OD;ode;f pdet f pd;k &uawmh avoHww d a f ew,f? vufco H ifh vufrcHoifh pOf;pm;ae[ef&Sdw,f? (2) pOf;pm;&ayvdrfhr,f? uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;/ wkwfqef@usifa&; avl;xaewkef;u ae0if; ppftkyfpku pDtdkifateJ@ ajymifajymif wif;wif; yvl;cJhw,f? uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;oifwef;wufzdk@ axmufvr S ;f a&;t&m&Sa d wG awmfawmfrsm;rsm; v$wc fw hJ ,f? olw@kd xJu wcsdK@[m OD;odef;pdeftpdk;&xJrSm 0ef}uD;awG t&m&Sd}uD;awG jzpfae+yD? tJ'v D a l [mif;awGe@J jyef+yD; qufo, G z f @kd e@J vlopfawGarG;zd@k vmcsifwm jzpfvdrfhr,f? (3) pDti kd a f t!er f ; udk Armjynfom G ;zd@k wdu k w f e G ;f olu tar&duef Edi ki fH jcm;a&; 0ef}uD;vd@k qdw k ,f? [kwE fi kd w f ,f? Edi ki f jH cm;a&;0ef}uD; rvkyf Edi kw f mudk pDti kd a f t !er f L S ;u vkyE f i kd w f ,f? wkwu f kd &efvy k w f hJ pum;udk olu vGwfvGwfu|wfu|wf ajymEdkifw,f? (4) OD;ode;f pdet f pd;k &u pOf;pm;&ayvdrr hf ,f? Armjynfvm+yD; wkwu f kd &efvkyfwJhpum; ajymwmudk cGifhjyKEdkifrjyKEdkif/ pDtdkifat oifwef; qif;awGudk jyefvnfqufoG,fwmudk cGifhjyKEdkifrjyKEdkif/ oifwef; vmwuf=uygO;D vd@k ajymvm&if jiif;y,f&tcuf vufc& H tcuf jzpf rSmvnf; pOf;pm;vdrfhr,f? 'ga=umifh toHwdwfaewmyJvdk@ wGuf ygw,f? (5) xnfw h u G & f r,fh udpw P ckuvnf; &Sw d ,f? Adv k a f e0if;acwfu Arm jynf&@J t}uD;qH;k +rD&i Su f *syefjzpfv@kd pDti kd a f teJ@ yvl;wmudk &J&w J if; wif; vkyE f i kd a f yr,fh tck OD;ode;f pdet f pd;k &&J@ t}uD;qH;k +rD&i Su f wkwf jzpfae+yD? wkwf+idKjiifwmudk cH0HhyHk r&bl;? [dkwkef;uvdk LDC av#muf+yD; au;0efxy k0 f efy;kd udk avsmy h g;atmif vkyE fi kd w f t hJ ajctae r&Sdbl;? (6) Adv k o f ef;a&$qu D tm%mtarGcv H u kd w f hJ OD;ode;f pdet f pd;k &rSm wjcm; qd;k arGawGvnf; vufcv H u kd & f w,f? txl;ojzifh pD;yGm;a&;bm a&; tcuftcJy? J pDti kd a f t!er f L S ;u aiGxy k y fu kd +f yD; vmrSmr[kwf bl;? wynfha[mif;awGeJ@ jyef+yD;qufoG,f/ wynfhopf&SmwmyJ vkyfrSmjzpfvdk@ zGwfr& "m;rqHk; tjzpfcHEdkifrSm r[kwfygbl;? 6

Eki di fa H &;
NLD

. tajymif;tvJ

(b0if ; )

tay;t,l r #aewm apmapmuwnf ; u NLD (a':pk) eJ@ etz (Akv d o f ef;a&$) tay;t,lr#aewm apmapmuwnf;uvk@d odxm; ygw,f? bmay;+yD; bm,lr,fqkdwJhudpPu olwkd@udpPyJ jzpfvkd@ AuytaeeJ@ =um;u0if+yD; ajym p&mrvkv d @dk rajymcJy h gb;l ? tckawmh ajym&awmhr,f? &J@ tusyftwnf; NLD u ESpf 20ausmf csufEkdifiH&J@ uwWDyg awmfvSefa&; vrf;a=umif;vkdufcJhw,f? csuE f i dk i fe H @J Armjynfu tajctaecsi;f vnf; rwl/ yx0Dtaetxm;csi;f vnf; rwlv@dk bmrS t&m ra&mufcb hJ ;l ? &&if&- r&&ifcs tiftm;pkawG &mausm f atmif tpktzG@J awG uG=J uwmyJ tzwf wifw,f? a':pkvnf; &mausm f atmif *k%x f ;l aqmif bG@J awG qkawG &w,f?
NLD

tif ' k d e D ; &S m ; wpwp jyKjyif a &;vrf ; a=umif ; uwWDygawmfvSefa&;vrf;a=umif; t&mra&mufawmh NLD (a':pk) u tif'kdeD;&Sm; wpwp jyKjyifa&;vrf;a=umif;ukd tmHu k sw,f? 0ef}uD; OD;atmif=unfuwqifh Akv d o f ef;a&$qu D kd tcsufjyw,f? tJ'Duwnf;u tay;t,lwnfhoGm;=uwmyJ? 'gayrJh NLD tzkd@u vrf;a=umiff; ajymif;a&;rSm tcuftcJ &Sa d ew,f/? etz Akv d o f ef;a&$tzk@d u rcufb;l ? vrf;jyajrykt H & a&G;aumufyJG vky/f tm%mv$/J 2008 tajccHOya' touf0if/ orRw OD;ode;f pdef tpk;d &opf zG@J vu dk & f if acsmarG@ aew,f? NLD tzkd@uawmh racsmarG@bl;? uwWDyg awmfvSefa&;vrf;a=umif; uae 180H 'D*&D *i,fauG@ auG@&rSm jzpfaew,f? 'ga=umifh NLD ygwo D pf jyefz@JG &wmyJ? emrnf r ajymif ; / vrf ; a=umif ; ajymif ; wJ h NLD a':pk OuU vkyfwJh NLD opf ay:vm+yD? ygwD0if wpfoef; pkrwJh? pkvkd@&csifvnf; &rSmyg/ uwWDyg awmfvSefa&; twGuf wufuv_yf&Sm;ol wpfaxmifpkzkd@om cufygw,f? }uHhzGH@ygwDeJ@ rdwfzuf tif'kdeD;&Sm;vrf;a=umif;vkdufr,fh NLD twGuf wpfoef; &zkd@u vG,fEkdif ygw,f? OD;odef;pdef a':pk awG@qkHyGJ[m Akdvfoef;a&$ a':pk tay;t,lr#=uwm&J@ tusKd;qufyg OD;ode;f pdeu f Akv d c f sKyfatmifqef; t&yf0wfe@J yka H tmufrm S a':pke@J awG@wm[m Akv d o f ef;a&$ a':pk tay;t,lr#wm&J@ tusK;d qufy? J OD;ode;f pdeu f Akv d o f ef;a&$udk tmcHvu dk w f m r[kwb f ;l ? 7

a&S@vl v$Jcsvkd@ r& tkb d m;rm;u ay:vpDajymif;csia f wmh a&S@v l bk& fS ukd v$c J sv@dk &w,f? OD;ode;f pdeu f ajymif;csia f wmh ol@u, dk o f l aysma h ysmif;ol vk@d yka H zmfv@dk &w,f? a':pku tJ'D vkd v$Jcsvkd@ r&bl;? 'ga=umifh ygwDa[mif;zsuf/ ygwDopf xlaxmif&w,f? uwWDyg awmfvSefa&;ukd oHa,mZOf wG,faeolawGukd uwWDyg vrf;cGJxm;cJhzkd@ ygwDopf axmif&wmyJ? Ak d v f a e0if ; eJ @ rwl b l ; ? ql[mwkdukd rif;tvSnfh +yD;+yD/ qif;ay;vkdufawmh-vkd@ ajymEkdifol &Sdayr,fh Akdvfae0if;ukd ajymEkdifol r&Sdbl;? yx0Dtaetxm;/ yx0DEkdifiHa&;uvnf; vkH;vkH; rwlb;l ? tif'e dk ;D &Sm;u wki d ;f usyjf ynfusyf r[kwb f ;l ? wkwe f @J ukvm;=um;rSm r[kwf bl;? ork'& N m (2) ckudk cGxm;wmyJ? Eki di fw H umhtajctaeuvnf; ajymif;aew,f? ppfat;acwf ysm;&nfqrf;cse d f vGec f +hJ yD? urBmp h epfopf vGey f JG pae+yD? olrsm;awG vGwa f tmif a&SmifEi dk r f m S jzpfayr,fh Armjynf rvGwfEkdifbl;? tmqD,H OuU jzpfr,fE h p S f aemufwESpr f m S tmqD,H vGwv f yfwa hJ ps;uGu f (AFTA) vmawmhr,f? Armjynfu vrf;ab;xrif;qki d f zGiw hf mavmufyJ qk& d ifawmh 'kuQawG@vdrfhr,f? =um;jzwf a &G ; aumuf y G J r S m a':pk Ekdifajc &Sdygw,f? OD;odef;pdefwkd@uvnf; &SdapcsifrSmyg? v$wfawmfxJrSm y0gpc Hk s+yD; xki da f ewJh a':pk &Sa d pcsir f m S yg? OD;a&$ref;/ OD;cifatmifjrif/h OD;wifatmifjrifO h ;D eJ@ tm;vk H ; u }uKd q k d = urS m yg? 0ef } uD ; wOD ; uawmh NLD w0uf x uf yk d r &bl ; vk d @ ajymaewmawmh &Sw d ,f? ppftm%m&SifawGxJrSm aysmhaysmif;ol/ wif;rmol-qkdwm ,kHwrf;pum;yg? ppfAkdvfawG EkdifiHa&;vkyfaewJhacwfu ESpf50&Sd+yD? olwkd@ tHcGae+yDqkdwm rarhygeJ@? ArmjynfEi dk i fa H &;ukv d nf; tar&duef/ t*FvefEi dk i fa H &;rsK;d vkd rpOf;pm;rdygapeJ@? vrf ; cG J o G m ;wmuk d a0zef a ewm r[k w f / owd a y;aewmyg v$wa f wmfx0 J if+yD; 2008 tajccHOya'ukd jyifr,fqw dk myJ odygw,f? bm awG b,fvjdk yifr,fqw dk m rodao;ygb;l ? od&ifawmh tjyKoabmeJ@ a0zefrm S yg? raocif 'Dru dk a&pD &apr,fvv dk dk ajymoH =um;ygw,f? touf90 wef; txd ae&zk@d rSe;f &if ESpf ESpq f ,f tpdwt f wGi;f &apr,fv@dk tmrcHwmvm; rodyg? 2008 tajccHOya't& vkyr f ,fh a&G;aumufya JG wGudk rSe;f +yD; ajymwmvk@d xifyg w,f? =um;jzwfa&G;aumufyr JG m S ae&mtm;vk;H r[kwa f wmif trsm;pk &r,f? 2015rSm yk& d r,f? 2020-2025 rSmawmh NLD u tuif;rJh tEki d& f r,fv@dk rsm; rSe;f ovm; rodygb;l ? pdwu f ;l ,Ofci G hf &Sy d gw,f? 'gayrJh uk, d & f ifqi dk a f e&wmu Armjynfppf tm%m &Sip f epf qkw d mawmh owdjyKyg? Armjynf EkdifiHa&;rSm }uHhzGH@eJ@ NLD yJ &Sdaewm r[kwfbl; qkdwmvnf; ESvkH;oGif;yg?
NLD

umwGef;

umwGe;f aeOD;&J@ vuf&m(1)

umwGef;

umwGe;f aeOD;&J@ vuf&m(2)

10

Eki di fa H &; 'Dru kd a&pDa&;-+idr;f csr;f a&;trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G a f &; atmifoef;xGe;f

Armjynfordkif;rSm wEdkifiHvHk;aoG;pnf;nD!GwfcJhwm t}udrf av;}ud r f S d c J h w ,f v d k @ ord k i f ; q&mrsm;uajymavh & S d y gw,f ? 'D t xJ u yxroHk;}udrf[m ya'o&mZfacwfujzpfawmh tjiif;yGm;p&mawG &Sd aumif; &SE di kd y f gw,f? 'gayrJh ArmwEdi ki fv H ;kH +Adwo d #uv kd e kd D b0uae vGwf ajrmufatmif vH;k yef;;cJ=h uwJh *syefzufqpfawmfve S a f &;eJ@ aemufyi kd ;f vGwf vyfa&;&&SdwJhtxdumvu trsdK;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfr_udkawmh tod trSwfrjyKvdk@r&ygbl;? Armjynfom;awG&J@vGwfvyfa&;twGuf wdkufyGJordkif;[m ol@ u|efb0a&mufuwnf;u pwmqdkawmh bma=umifh vGwfvyfa&;&w,f qdw k meJ@ ywfouf+yD;ajymvm=u&if tjrifrwlnw D mawG&E dS i kd y f gw,f? 'gayrJh tm;vHk;wlnDwm wckuawmh vGwfvyfa&;&wm[m trsdK;om;aoG; pnf;nD!Gwfa&; wnfaqmufEdkifvdk@jzpfw,fqdkwJhtcsufygyJ? 'gayrJh vGwv f yfa&;vnf;&+yD;a&m trsKd ;om;nD!w G a f &;[m jynf wGi;f ppfjzpf+yD; uGo J m G ;ygawmhw,f? jzpf&wJh ta=umif;&if;uawmh tm%m &zqyvtpdk;&[m olwdk@eJ@t,ltqrwlolawGudk Oaya' abmifxJrSm wnf&SdcGifh/ EdkifiHa&; vkyfudkifcGihfray;bJ tjywfESdrfeif;vdk@jzpfygw,f? wnhf wnfhajym&&if 'Drdkua&pDwHcg;udkydwfypfvdkufvdk@ trsdK;om; aoG;pnf;nD !Gwfr_ ysufjym;/ +idrf;csrf;r_ ysufjym; jzpfoGm;awmhwmygyJ? aemuf+yD; +idrf;csrf;a&;r&Sd/ trsdK;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;r&SdbJ pD; yGm;a&; zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufwJh wdkif;jynfwqdkwmvnf; b,frSmrS r&Sdzl;ygbl;? jynfwi G ;f ppfjzpfaevd@k / trsKd ;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G a f &; +ydKuGa J evd@k pD;yGm;a&; c|wf+cKHusoGm;wJh/ jymyHkxJu rwufEdkifwJhwdkif;jynfawGom tajrmuf tjrm; &Sy d gw,f? 'Dae@tcgrSm jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmufa&; toHawG pDpD nHatmif=um;vm&wm[m aumif;wJhudpP jzpfygw,f? Armjynf jynfol vlx[ k m toHav;enf;enf;xGuo f m&if +idr;f csr;f a&;awmif;qdo k u H kd xGuf =uwmcsnf;yJvdk@awmif qdkEdkifygw,f? 'Dvdkawmif;qdk=u&mrSm wu,f jynfwi G ;f ppf&@J ppfwvif;ajrjzpfaewJh a'oawGujynfoa l wGrm S awmif;qdk cGifh rom=uygbl;? 1948ckESpfqDwkef;u jynfwGif;ppfpwifcJhwJh jynfrrSm vnf; 'Dtwdi k ;f yJ jzpfcy hJ gw,f? qdv k w kd m vGwv f yfa&;aemufyi kd ;f Armjynf rSm 'Dru kd a&pD&,fv@kd trl;ajytarmajy &SLEdi kw f a hJ cwfua&m/ rGe;f usya f ewJh tcgrm S yg aus;vufawGrm S 'Dru kd a&pDrxGe;f um;bl;qdw k mygy? J e,fa'o awG/ awmifay:a'oawGrm S t&ifu jyLapmxD;wyf/ vJA;D wyf/ umuG,f a&;wyfawGeJ@ ppfwyfawG[m e,fcHvlqdk;vlrdkufawGeJ@aygif;+yD; trsdK;rsdK; zdESdyftEdkifusihfcJhovdk 'Daemufydkif;rSmawmh ppfwyfu }uHhzGwfvdk/ pGrf;tm; &SifvdkvlrdkufawGudktm;udk;+yD; tEdkifusihf&rf;um;aeygw,f? ajym&&if 'D zdEy dS w f t hJ y k p f ;dk olawG[m Armjynfrm S &mpkEp S w f 0ufausmjf zpfaewJh ppfyu JG kd 11

jynfwi G ;f ppfv@kd awmif roH;k E_e;f ygb;l ? aomif;use;f olEr dS e f if;a&;vd@k yJ ac:qdk a&;om;avhdS wmyg? olwdk@u ta,mifaqmifaphpyfyGJ/ aqG;aEG;yGJawG vkyfawmhrSom jynfwGif;ppf vd@k o;kH E_e;f wmjzpfygw,f? jynfwi G ;f ppf &Sa d eor# umvywfv;kH jynfoa l wGtzd@k jynf0 h wJh 'Dru kd a&pDqw kd m r&Edi ky f gb;l ? tJ'Dvdk tkyfpdk;olvlwef;pm;uom 'Drdkua&pDudk jynfolawGtay: zdESdyf&mrSm xifovdkusifhoHk;+yD; jynfolvlxkawGudk 'Drdkua&pD ray;wmawGa=umifh ArmjynfrSm vufeufui kd y f e k u f efoa l wG wzG@J +yD;wzG@J ay:vmcJw h mjzpfygw,f? tck 'DtzG@J awGe@J pum; ajymawmhvnf; Edi ki fa H &;jy\em/ wenf;- 'Dru kd a&pDa&;jy\emyJ aS@wef; a&mufvm wm r[kwy f gvm;? 'Dwcgrm S awmh ppftpd;k &[m 'DtwGuf jyifqifxm;wJh oabm Sy d gw,f? Adv k c f if!e G @f vufxufwe k ;f uvdk pD;yGm;a&;vkyp f m;cGi/hf oluG,f olaX; jzpfci Ga fh v; avmufe@J r&awmhb;l qdw k m olw@kd oy d gw,f? tckawmh Adv k c f sKyfoe d ;f pdew f @kd &@J t&yfom;tpd;k &u +idr;f tzG@J awGa&m/ r+idr;f ao;wJhtzGJ@awGa&mudkyg olwdk@&J@ 2008ckESpfzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'atmufrSm v$wfawmf xJ0if+yD;'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;awGcHpm;=uzdk@ wHcg;awGzGihfay;aeygw,f? rarhoifhwJh tcsufu 'DtzGJ@tpnf;awG p+yD; vufeufudkifawmfvSefcJh=uwkef;u ArmjynfrSm 1947 ckEp S f zG@J pnf;tkyc f sKyfyt kH ajccHOya' &Sa d eygw,f? tJ'D Oya'xJrm S ppfwyf&@J Edi ki fa H &;rSm OD; aqmifrt _ cef;wd@k / ppfwyfutm%modr;f cGiw hf @kd qdw k mawG rygygb;l ? 'gt h jyif tJ'w D e k ;f u rJeJ@a&G;aumufwmr[kwfwJh ppfAdkvfawG25 &mcdkifE_ef;rygwJh v$wfawmfvnf; &Sdygw,f? olw@kd vufeufui kd a f wmfve S c f =hJ uwm[m 'Dvt kd y k p f ;kd olu ay;wJh 'Dru kd a&pDrsKd ;udk rauseyf vdk@jzpfygw,f? ygwDaxmif&if rSwfyHkwifp&mrvdk/ ygwD0if pm&if;ay;p&mrvdkwJh [dkacwf u 'Dru kd a&pDua kd wmif rauseyfcw hJ hJ 'Dtiftm;pkawG[m 'Dae@vkd tvkyo f rm;oydww f /hJ v,form;oydww f q hJ & kd if a0gia f 0gia f &S;-a0;a0;a&Smifvkya f e&wJh ygwb D 0rsKd ;udk rufarm rSmr[kwfygbl;? wu,fusawmh jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;udk 'Drdkua&pDjy\emrajz&Sif;bJ wnf aqmufw,fqw kd m[m tkwjf rpf raqmufbJ wdu k u f w kd nfovdk jzpfygvr dr hf ,f? wdu k a f y: wufae=u+yD;rS +ydKus&if ydq k ;kd ygvr d r hf ,f? 1963ckEp S q f w D e k ;f u Adv k a f e0if;[m jynfwi G ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;aphpyfy JG awG ac:cJ+h yD; olpw d v f r kd &wmeJ@ jyefzsuv f u kd w f a hJ emuf &ufyi kd ;f twGi;f yJ awmxJrm S xd;k ppfawGe@J vdu k w f u kd w f m/ +rdK@ay:rSmtHe k @J usi;f eJ@zrf;wmawGukd rarhoihf ygbl;? 'Daqmif;yg;rSm t"du ajymcsiw f mu 'Dru kd a&pDa&;-+idr;f csr;f a&;-trsKd ;om; aoG; pnf;nD!w G a f &;wd@k [m wcke@J wck cGr J &atmif qufpyfaew,f/ wckuw kd nfaqmufcsi& f if usef2ckudkvnf; wnfaqmuf&r,f/ uGuf+yD; wnfaqmufvdk@r&bl; qdkwmygyJ? txl; ojzifh 'Drdkua&pDu tpjyK&rSmjzpfygw,f? 'gayrJh 'Dae@ t&yf0wfppftpdk;&&J@ 2008 zGJ@ pnf;yHktajccHOya'[m ppfAdkvfcsKyfawGuom 'Drdkua&pDtcGihfta&;qdkwmudk teuf zGifhwma&m/ usifhoHk;cGifhay;wma&m vkyfcGihfay;xm;ygw,f? olwdk@ay;csifoavmufay;/ olw@kd jyefy k o f r d ;f csiw f t hJ cse d r f m S jyefy k o f r d ;f xifovdv k y k a f ewmawGukd 'Dae@ twdi k ;f om; awG@ae&ygw,f? 'Dru kd a&pDa&;-+idr;f csr;f a&;-trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G a f &; qdw k mawGukd trde@f tm%meJ@ wnfaqmufv@kd r&bl;qdw k m owdjyKoihy f gw,f? 2008 zG@J pnf;yHk tajccH Oya'xJrSm jymef;xm;wJh tm%modrf;r_rsdK;eJ@qdk&if ydkvdk@awmifa0;ygao;w,f?

atmifoef;xGe;f
12

Eki di fa H &; jynfoa l wGvc kd siw f jhJ ynfwi G ;f +idr;f csr;f a&; A=o
'Dae@Armjynfrm S t=um;&qH;k ta&;udpw P cku jynfwi G ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;udpy P gy? J 'gudk OD;odef;pdeftpdk;&u vufraxmifaeovdk 'ghtwGufvnf; OD;odef;pdeftpdk;&udk trSwa f y;csio f u l ay;aeygw,f? oGm;avol Adv k c f si! f e G @f vufraxmifcw hJ mudk owd& p&myg? taotcsmjyef=unhfvdkuf&if Adkvfcif!Gef@a&m Adkvfodef;pdefwdk@a&m olwdk@wnf aqmufcw hJ hJ ppfre S w f /hJ a&&Snf tmrcHcsu& f w dS hJ +idr;f csr;f a&;&,fv@kd wckrr S &Sy d gb;l ? typf &yfqdkwmrSmyJ &yfaewmyg? 'DxJrSm typf&yfacgif;aqmiftenf;i,f[m "eOpPm wpHkw&m pkaqmif;rdwmeJ@ b0arh+yD; vufeufudkifwyfawGudk vspfvsL_vdkufwmawG jzpfcJhygw,f? 'gayrJh 0rf;r0wJh e*dkwyfawGeJ@ vufeufawG[m tcsdefra&G; xawmuf Edi kw f hJ rD;prD;eawGtjzpf wnf&+dS rJ wnf&a dS eygw,f? aemuf+yD; etztpd;k &u e,fjcm; apmifhwyfeJ@jynfol@ppf zGJ@w,f qdkwm[mvnf; tajccHEdkifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&; jy\emawGudk ajz&Sif;wm r[kwfavawmh a'ocHjynfola&m/ tJ'Da'oawGeJ@a0;wJh jynfoa l wGyg &wufrat;Edi kb f J jzpf+rJjzpfaeygw,f? ae&mawmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm tpd;k & wyfvnf; a=umuf&/ 'DtoGia f jymif; wyfawGuv kd nf; a=umuf&? usm;vnf;a=umuf&/ usm;acs;vnf; a=umuf& jzpfaeygw,f? jy\em&J@ t&if;cHu tm%m&aewJh ppfty k p f [ k m +idr;f csr;f a&; auG;a=umf oHudk zJwcsyfvdktoHk;jyKaewm/ 'D vufeufudkif tzGJ@awGudk 0g;rsKdzdk@eJ@ 'DtzGJ@awG&J@ e,fajrawGukd tydi kp f ;D zd@k ? aemuf+yD;trsm;od=uwJt h wdi k ;f Edi ki fw H umtv,frm S trSwf ,lz@kd OD;wnfvy k a f ewmjzpfv@kd 'Dvkd ppfvnf; r[kw/f +idr;f csr;f a&;vnf; r[kww f hJ tae txm;wckrSm wpfqdk@}uD;jzpfaewmyg? olwdk@ wu,fvkyfaewmu pD;yGm;a&; (EdkifiH a&;r[kw) f tcGit hf a&;ay;+yD; vufeufui dk f tzG@J tpnf;awGukd wyfr/hJ e,fajrrJh atmif vkyw f momjzpfygw,f? 1963ckEp S w f e k ;f u Adv k a f e0if;&J@+idr;f csr;f a&;urf;vSr;f r_ upvd@k Adv k c f if!e G @f &@J typf&yfawGtv,f 'Dae@ Adv k c f sKyfO;D ode;f pdev f ufxuftxd ppftpd;k &awG vkyc fw hJ hJ +idr;f csr;f a&; qdw k mawG[m jynfov l x l k vdv k m;awmifw h aewJh +idr;f csr;f a&; w&yfudk wnfaqmufwmr[kwfbJ olwdk@&J@auG@wauG@u EdkifiHa&;tcuftcJudk ausmf v$m;zd@k vkyw f mcsn;f jzpfygw,f? aemufwcsuf axmufjyoifhwmu olwdk@wawGvkyfwJh +idrf;csrf;a&;qdk wmrSefor#rSm EdkifiHa&;aqG;aEG;wm vHk;0r&SdwmyJjzpfygw,f? ppfqdkwm EdkifiHa&;udk wjcm;enf;emeJ@ qufvkyfwmjzpfw,fqdkwJh 18&mpkESpfu *smrefppfynm&Sif um;vf uavmhZf0pf&J@tqdkudk vufcH&mrSm ArmjynfuppfAdkvfcsKyfawG[m EdkifiHa&;&nfrSef; csuw f ckukd ppfe@J &atmifvy k & f r,fqw kd hJ t"dym ` ,fe@J om vufc[ H efwy l gw,f? jzpfym G ;ae wJhppfyGJwckudkajz&Sif;csif&if EdkifiHa&;ta=umif;&if;udk ajz&Sif;&r,fvdk@awmh t"dy`m,f rzGifh=uygbl;? 'ga=umifh Adkvfae0if;vkyfcJhwJh +id r f ; csrf ; a&;qd k w mrS m apm[ef w m omar$;wdk@ vufeufcswmudkyJ +idrf;csrf;a&;&w,fvdk@ vkyfvdkufEdkifygw,f? 198990w0dkufu Adkvfcif!Gef@&J@ typf&yfvkyfief;awGrSmawmh EdkifiHa&;pum;ajymwmudk anmifEp S y f ifnv D mcHxr J m S yJ cGia hf y;vdu k y f gw,f? typf&yf awGtm;vH;k udk vrf;jyajryHx k J 13

usHK;oGif;vdkufwmygyJ? tckvnf; AdkvfcsKyfOD;oef;pdeftpdk;&[m typf&yfawGudk vrf;jyajryHk&J@ aemufqHk; tydkif;jzpfwJh 2008ckESpf zGJ@pnf;yHkOya'eJ@ v$wfawmfxJudk usHK;oGif;aewmygyJ? tckvkyfaewJh wcsdK@ typftcwf&yfpa J &;oabmwlnc D suw f csKd @rm S Edi ki fa H &;quf aqG;aEG;r,fv@kd qdx k m;ygw,f? taumif txnfr&Sd/ ray:wJh rdk;rqHk;ajrrqHk;aqG;aEG;yGJawGudk awG@&OD;awmhrSmyg? typf&yfwm[m +idr;f csr;f a&;wnfaqmufz@kd twGuf yxrajcvSr;f r[kwb f ;l vm;qd& k if [kww f ,f vd@k ajymEdi ky f gw,f? 'gayrJh jy\emu typf&yf[m typf&yfrm S yJ &yfraezd@k vy kd gw,f? typf&yfw,f qd+k yD; aemuf r=umcifrm S yJ jyefwu kd =f uwm/ typf&yfa'oawGukd wyfawG wd;k yd@k wm/ vufeuf topftqef;awG wd;k jznha f ewm/ ppftpd;k &bufu +cdr;f ajcmufpum;awG ajymvd@k wif;rmr_awG r=umc% ay:aewmawG[m 'Dae@ typf&yfawG&@J t"duvuQ%mvdk jzpfaeygw,f? jynfwi G ;f ppfa=umifjh zpfay:wJh qd;k usKd ;qdw k mawGxr J m S vlawG aoaus temw&jzpf=u/ pD;yGm;awG ysu=f u/ aouGJ &Siu f JG uG=J uwm/ ud, k & hf yfu, kd & hf m G udk pGe@f vw $ +f yD; xGua f jy;=u&wm pwmawGavmufwif ruygbl;? omref tvG,fwul rjrif&wJh qdk;usdK;awGvnf; trsm;}uD; Sdygao;w,f? 'DxJu wcsdK@udk axmufjy&&ifjynfoa l wG tcsi;f csi;f trke;f tmCmwawG }uD;vmjcif;/ 'Dxr J m S vlrsKd ;a&;tygt0if jzpfygw,f/ trsdK;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&; ysufjym;jcif;/ ppfwdkufaewJh t&yfawGrSm ppfwyf&J@=oZmtm%mu t&yfbufxuf }uD;rm;vm/ aemufqHk; A[dktpdk;&rSmvnf; ppfwyfu txufpD;a&mufvm/ tEdkifusifhvmEdkifjcif;/ 'Dve kd @J ppfwyf[m Edi ki fa H wmftm%mudy k g tEdi ku f si, hf w l t hJ jyif pD;yGm;a&;vkyi f ef;awGuy kd g vuf 0g;}uD;tkyf,ljcif;/ wdi k ;f jynf&@J toH;k bwf*sur f m S ppfo;kH p&dwu f kd trsm;pk oH;k ae&wJt h jyif wESp+f yD;wESpf wd;k cs@J +yD;&if; wk;d cs@J aewJt h wGuf wdi k ;f jynf&@J ynma&;/ use;f rma&;utp tjcm;buftoD;oD;rSm qkw, f w k y f sujf ym; &jcif; pwmawGygyJ? Adkvfoef;a&$-Adkvfcif!Gef@utp Adkvfoef;pdefvufxuftxd vkyfvmcJhwJhtypf&yfvkyfief;awGeJ@ +idrf;csrf;a&;qD vSrf;wJhvkyfief;awGu txufutcsufawGudk yaysmufapzdk@aeaeomom avsmhyg; wmawmifjzpfrvmcJhygbl;? +idrf;csrf;a&;awGwnfaqmufaeygrS ppftoHk;p&dwfudk tqrwefwdk;aeyg w,f? +idrf;csrf;a&;a&mifjcnfawGoef;aerS vufeufopf/ vufeufqef;awG 0,faeygw,f? 'Dae@ArmjynfrSmppfwyftiftm;wdk;csJ@aewm &yfoGm;+yDvm;? ppfoHk;p&dwfudk av#mhEdkif+yDvm;? ppfwyfu vlxkudk tEdkifusifhaewmawG yaysmufoGm;+yDvm;? ay:wmqGJ/ ppfom;opf twif;tusyf aumufwmawG aysmufoGm;+yDvm;? udk,hf&yfudk,fh&Gmudk pGef@v$wfxGufajy;=u&wJh tjzpftysufawG r&Sdawmhbl;vm;? ppfwyfu vufeufudkifxm;wmta=umif;jyK+yD; vmbfpm;/tcGefaumufwmawG &Sa d eao;ovm;? ppfwyfxJrSmwdkufxm;wJh ArmvlrsdK;}uD;0g'rd_if;udk jyefajzae+yDvm;? aemufqHk;- ppfwyf[m ol@ae&mrSefjzpfwJh ppfwef;vsm;udkjyefoGm;zdk@toifhjzpf+yDvm;? vSHpGyfawG rdk;ay:axmifxm;wJhae&mrSm +idrf;csrf;a&;csdK;iSuf roufqif;Edkifygbl;?

A=o

14

Eki di fa H &;

aemufjyef rqkwa f wmhwhJ tajymif;tvJ qky d gvm;

armifr;dk OD;

Armjynf[m tajymif;tvJawG trsm;}uD;&SdcJhzl;ygw,f? uae@vnf; t ajymif;tvJawG jzpfaeygw,f? aemifrm S vnf; ykr d jkd refqefwhJ tajymif;tvJawG jzpf ay:zd@k ta}umif; trsm;}uD; &Sy d gw,f? tajymif;tvJwi dk ;f rSm tajymif;tvJ '%fc& H ole@J tajymif;tvJ tusKd ;cHpm;&olq+dk yD; tjrJjzpfay:cJy h gw,f? tajymif;tvJtusKd ; ukd Armjynf wrsKd ;om;vk;H omwlnr D # at;twl yltr# cHpm;&w,fqw dk m b,fwe k ;f urS r&Sc dy hJ g? 1948 ckEp S f vGwv f yfa&;&wmuyJ p+yD;ajymr,fq& dk if 1948 ckEp S /f Zefe0g&v D 4 &ufae@up+yD; Armjynf[m udkvkdeDxrf;ydk;atmufu vGwfvyfoGm;cJhygw,f? 'Dtajymif;tvJ[m wdi k ;f jynfvuQ%m wckv;Hk ukd ajymif;ypfwhJ tajymif;tvJ jzpf w,f? u|ew f i kd ;f jynfb0u vGwv f yfww hJ i dk ;f jynf jzpfvmw,f? wrsKd ;om;vk;H u|eb f 0 u t&Sio f cif b0udk a&mufvmwJh tajymif;tvJjzpfw,f? vGwv f yfwhJ +idr;f csr;f wJh 'Dru kd a&pDxe G ;f um;wJh Edi ki ft H jzpf Eki di fu H kd xlaxmifz@dk &nf&, G c f }hJ uygw,f? vufawG@ rSm ygvDref'Drdkua&pD orRwEdkifiHukd xlaxmifvkdufygw,f? 'Dpepft& tm%m& tkyfpkd;olvlwef;pm;awGom tcGifhta&;awG &&SdEdkif+yD; tzdESdyfcH jynfolvlxk}uD;rSm awmh 'Dru dk a&pD qdwo f O k ;f +rJ qdwo f O k ;f wmjzpfawmh trsKd ;om; pnf;vk;H nDnw G r f [ _ m vnf; +yKduGJoGm;+yD; jynfwGif;ppfjzpfwJhtxd tajymif;tvJ xyfjzpfygw,f? 1950 ckEp S a f wG&@J tv,fyi kd ;f umva&mufwt hJ cgrm S awmh tkyp f ;dk olawGxJ rSm *d% k ;f tkyp f t k uGt J +yJawG ay:w,f? 'Dru dk a&pDe@J vufeufvw J ,fqw dk hJ udpa P wG jzpfay:ygw,f? 'Dvt dk ajymif;tvJawG jzpfayr,fh jynfwi G ;f ppfua kd wmh r&yfpE Ji kd c fb hJ ;l ? xyfqifh tajymif;tvJjzpfvmwmuawmh 1950 ckEp S a f wG&@J tukey f i dk ;f rSm Adv k a f e0if; acgi;f aqmifwhJ ppfty k p f [ k m ryDrjyifjzpfvm+yD; 0wfpjHk ynfh avhusiw hf o hJ abmeJ@ tm %modrf;wm vkyfwJhudpPygyJ? 'DaemufrSmawmh ppftkyfpk[m tawmiftvuf pkH vmwJt h cdser f m S t+yD;wki d f tm%m odr;f wmyJ? 1962 ckEp S f Adv k a f e0if; acgi;f aqmifwhJ ppfty k p f [ k m tm%modr;f wJt h cgrm S awmh Armjynf ygvr D ef'r D u dk a&pDpepf[m csKyf+idr;f oGm;jyD; ppftm%m&Sip f epf xGe;f um;vmygw,f? 'g[m ta&;}uD;wJh tajymif;tvJ wckygy? J 'gayrJh jynfwi G ;f ppf[m &yfpo J m G ;w,f&,fv@dk r&Sc dy hJ g? ppfty k p f u k ppftm%m&Sip f epfukd awmfve S a f &;aumifpD trnfe@J 12 ESp}f um taumiftxnfazmf+yD;wJa h emuf ppfty k p f u k dk zk;H uG,z f @dk jrefrmhq& dk , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwD udk yGJxkwfvmw,f/ tajccHOya' a&;qGJw,f? v$wfawmfzGJ@pnf;w,f? 'DvkdeJ@ awmfvSefa&;aumifpD emrnfcHxm;wJh Adkvfae0if; ppftkyfpk[m ygwD/aumifpD/ 15

v$wa f wmf/ tajccHOya' qkw d hJ taqmifta,mifawGe@J ykp H a H jymif;vku d w f ,f? ppftm%m&Sip f epfyp Hk u Hk v kd nf; wygwt D m%m&Sip f epf ykp H a H jymif;vku d w f ,f? tifrwef}uD;wJh tajymif;tvJygy? J jynfwi G ;f ppfuawmh jzpfqy J g? Adkvfae0if;vnf; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;uae orRw}uD;OD;ae0if;/ aemufawmh OuUX}uD; OD;ae0if;tjzpf ajymif;ygw,f? tm%m&Sif rqvygwDeJ@ aumifpDawGvnf; jzKwf[/ xkwf[awGvnf; jzpf/ urBmhtajctae tajymif;tvJawGvnf; &Sv d m/ jynfov l x l }k uD;uvnf; rcHr&yfEi kd jf zpfvmwJt h cgrm S awmh 88 vlxt k Hk ur_}uD; jzpfay:vmw,f? 'DwcsD tajymif;tvJ[m tkyfpkd;olawGudk t&SdKufxkd;rdvkdufygw,f? 'gayrJh ppftkyfpk[m vufO;D r_ jyeft&,l+yD; e0w qkw d hJ ppfty k p f u k kd ajAmif jyefz@JG ygw,f? 'gayrJh e0wrSm eHywf 1 ae&m[m ra& &mcJhyg? 'DumvrSm jynfwGif;ppfudpPrSm tajymif;tvJtcsdK@ &Sdvmygw,f? tJh'guawmh vufeufudkif wkdufyGJ0ifaewJh tiftm;pkwcsdK@eJ@ typftcwf&yfpJa&;qkdwmudk vkyfvkdufwmygyJ? typftcwf&yfpJayr,fh jynfwGif;ppfjzpf&wJh EdkifiHa&;jy\emawGudk raqG;aEG; rajz&Sif;bJ xm;ygw,f? 'ga}umifh jynfwGif;ppf[m &S+d rJ &Sa d e+yD; jynfwi G ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;[mvnf; tvSr;f a0;qJygy? J ppfty k p f k wGuc f sur f v _ w JG hJ 90 ckEp S f a&G;aumufyJG vkya f y;&wJh tajctaetxd tajymif;tvJ &Sy d gw,f? e,fpyfEi kd i fa H &;v_y& f m S ;r_ ay:ygw,f? ppfty k p f k eHywf 1 ae&mrSm Adv k o f ef;a&$ ajc+rJvuf+rJjzpfvmwJt h cgrm S awmh e0wudk etz tjzpf ajymif;ygw,f? trsdK;om;nDvmcHqkdwmvnf; vkkyfygw,f? 88 vlxktkH}uGr_a}umifh ay:vmwJh EdkifiHa&; tiftm;pkawGuv dk nf; tpDtpOf&& dS dS ESr d e f if;ygw,f? e0w/ etz ppfty k p f o k ufwrf; tESpf 20 ausmt f wGi;f rSm AdkvfcsKyftawmfrsm;rsm; xGufay:vmovkd jzKwfwm xkwfwm cH&wJh AdkvfcsKyfawGvnf; trsm;tjym;yJ? trsdK;om;nDvmcH}uD;vnf; &yfvkduf/ usif;yvkduf ae&ma&$@vkdufeJ@ aemufqkH;rSmawmh 2008 tajccHOya' qkw d m}uD;ukd a&;qGjJ ymef; twnfjyK+yD; 2010 a&G;aumufyv JG y k v f mw,f? }uH@z@HG ygwu D rJtrsm;qk;H &w,fq+dk yD; v$wfawmftqifhqifhac: }uH@zGH@tpdk;& zGJ@w,f? AdkvfcsKyfawG t&yf0wfvJ+yD; OD;wyfum orRw/ 'korRw/ v$wfawmfOuUX/ jynfe,fwkdif;a'o}uD;awG&J@ 0ef}uD;csKyfawG jzpfvmukefw,f? 'Dtajymif;tvJ[m tawmf}uD;rm;ygw,f? tckq& dk if Edi ki fa H &;tusO;f om;awG trsm;tjym;v$wa f y;+yD; 'DcsKyfvnf; rSwy f w Hk ifci G& hf +yD; a&G;aumuf yGJ 0ifcGifh &awmhr,f? typftcwf&yfpJa&;awGvnf; tawmfrsm;rsm;vkyfEdkifvm+yD? 'Dtajymif;tvJawG[m }uD;rm;ygw,f? vrf;awG wHwm;awGqkdvnf; a[mwck/ a[mwckeJ@wnfaqmufwmawG/ b,fwkef;urS r&Sdzl;wJh t&mawG ay:vmygw,f? +rKd@wnfeef;wnfqo kd vkd aejynfawmf}uD;udv k nf; acwftrDq;Hk ykp H e H @J wnfaqmuf +yD;oGm;+yD? avqdyfawGvnf; wck+yD;wck wnfaqmuf+yD;+yD/ qnfajrmif;uefacsmif;awGvnf; wnfaqmuf ypfvkdufwm a[mwck/ a[mwckygyJ? 1948 ckESpfu p+yD; tajymif;tvJawG jzpfwdkif;jzpfwkdif;rSm tm%m&vlwpk aumif;pm;oGm;+yD; jynfov l x l u k qif;&Joxuf qif;&Jom G ;wmyJjzpfygw,f? 1948 ckEp S f Zefe0g&v D 4 &uf vGwv f yfa&;&wJh ae@up+yD; wufvmwJh zqyv tpdk;&[m jynfwGif;ppfudk zefwD;wdkufckdufwmeJ@ wcsdefwnf;rSm wkdif;jynf jyefvnfxa l xmifz@dk jynfawmfom pDru H e d ;f csygw,f? pDru H e d ;f ratmifjrifyg? jynfov l x l b k 0[m udv k e kd a D cwfu jynfov l x l b k 0udk rrDawmhyg? tkyp f ;kd olvw l pkuawmh cGua f pmif;ckwo f H wnHne H @J aumif;pm;oGm;=uygw,f? jynfov l x l }k uD;rSm vlwuk, d /f wku d f wvk;H / um;wpD;/ 0ifaiG &Sp& f mqkw d mudk toHom=um;vku d & f +yD; vuf awG@b0rSmawmh touftkd;tdrfawG qkH;&SKH;=u&+yD; ajy;[/ v$m;[eJ@ jynfwGif;ppf'%fudk tvl;tvJ cHpm; vkduf&ygw,f? 1962ckESpf rwfvrSm Adkvfae0if;acgif;aqmifwJh ppftkyfpku tm%modrf;+yD; ppftm%m&Sifpepfukd xlaxmifwhJ tajymif;tvJrm S awmh jynfwi G ;f ppfukd yk+d yD; jyif;xef&ufpufpm G wku d w f ,f? jzwf 4 jzwf qdw k hJ 16

vlrqefwhJ enf;eJ@ jynfwi G ;f ppfukd wku d w f ,f? jynfoy li dk o f r d ;f w,fq+kd yD; jynfov l x l & k @J OpPm"eawGukd t"rR odr;f ,lwmawG vkyw f ,f? ESp& f n S f ESpw f dk pD;yGm;a&;pDru H e d ;f '%fawGvnf; vlx}k uD; tvl;tvJcp H m;&ygw,f? 'ga=umifh wki d ;f jynf[mvnf; arSmifckdaps;uGuf}uD; jzpfay:vm+yD; tqif;&JqkH;EdkifiH pm&if;0ifoGm;ygw,f? ppftkyfpkrSm jyKwfwm/ xkwfwmawG&Sdayr,fh tm%mukvm;xkdifrSm zif+rJoluawmh uka}uG,folaX;jzpfoGm;ygw,f? 88 vlxktkHur_rSmawmh ppftkyfpk[m ajymif;jyefxGufvm&w,f? eHywf 1 ae&mrSm vltajymif;tvJjzpfvm w,f? ygwDpkH 'Drkdua&pDpepfukd taumiftxnfaz:r,fqkdwJh uwday;&w,f? vlxkwkdufyGJudk &uf&ufpufpuf ESdyfuGyf w,f? ppftkyfpk[m 'Drkdua&pD azmfaqmifr,f/ +idrf;csrf;a&; azmfaqmifr,fqkd+yD; wzGzGajym/ tcsdefqGJ+yD; ppftm%m&Sif pepf ckdif+rJatmifvkyfw,f? o,HZmwypPnf;tm;vkH;ukd ppftkyfpku vuf0g;}uD;tkkyfw,f? acwfrDzGH@+zKd;wkd;wufwJh 'Drdk ua&pDEdkifiHtwGuf tajccHaumif;awG csrSwfw,fqdk+yD; tajccHaumif;taqmufttkHawG wnfaqmufw,fvkd@ ajym ygw,f? aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;vkyfw,fvkd@ajym+yD; yk*~vduydkifvkyfa&;qdkwmawG vkkyfw,f? 'ga}umifh vrf;azmuf/ wHwm; aqmuf/ qnfajrmif; wmwrHaqmufwmawG tifwkduftm;wkdufvkyfw,f/ pufr_ZkefawG aqmufw,f/ aejynfawmf wnfaqmufw,f? 'Denf;eJ@ ppftkyfpkxdyfoD;awGeJ@ taygif;ygolaX;wpk ae@csif;ncsif; }uD;yGm;csrf;omoGm;ygw,f? v,form;awGrm S au;vnfyif;cku d o f m G ;+yD; v,fajr qk;H &SK;H wmawG rsm;vmw,f? tvkyv f ufrx hJ k ykr d dk }uD;xGm;vmw,f/ 'ga=umifh jynfyxGu+f yD; tvky& f m S &olawG wk;d yGm;vmw,f? jynfov l x l }k uD; qif;&Jonfxuf qif;&Jw,f? typftcwf&yfpJa&;udk vufeufudkiftiftm;pk wcsdK@eJ@ vkyfvkdufw,f? tJh'Dvkdenf;eJ@ ppfvnf;rjzpf/ +idrf;csrf; a&;vnf;r&SdwJh tajctaewckudk zefwD;vdkufw,f? wu,fawmh vufeufudkiftzGJ@tpnf;awG&J@wyfawGudk wenf; enf;eJ@zsufodrf;+yD; EdkifiHa&;t& tzGJ@tpnf;awGudk taoowfypfzkd@vkyfwm jzpfygw,f? tcktcgrSmawmh 2008 tajccHOya' 2010 a&G;aumufyGJeJ@ ygwDpkH 'Drkdua&pDpepfudk taumiftxnfazmf w,f qkw d hJ tajymif;tvJukd vkya f eygw,f? wzG@J csi;f eJ@ yxrtqifh typftcwf&yfpa J &; vky/f 'kw, d tqifh zG@H +zKd;a&;vky/f aemufqkH; jynfaxmifpktqifhrSm tiftm;pktm;vkH;eJ@ EdkifiHa&;aqG;aEG;yGJvkyfr,fqkdwJh tajymif;tvJawG vkyfygw,f? tck Edi ki fa H &; tusO;f om;tm;vk;H eD;yg; v$wa f y;ygw,f? 'DcsKyfudk rSwy fw Hk ifci G jhf yKvku d y f gw,f? 'gawGtm;vk;H [m tajymif; tvJawGcsn;f ygy? J 'gayr,fh 'Dtajymif;tvJtm;vk;H [m 90 ckEp S a f &G;aumufy& JG v'fukd eif;acs zsuq f ;D vku d w f hJ tajymif; tvJ/ ppftm%m&Sip f epfudk toGiw f rsKd ;eJ@ taumiftxnfaz:wJh 2008 tajccHOya' usK;H xJ qGo J i G ;f wJh tajymif;tvJ/ ppfvnf;rjzpf/ +idrf;csrf;a&;vnf;r&SdwJh tajctaeudk jzpfay:apwJh tajymif;tvJ/ vufeufukdiftiftm;pkawGudka&m/ vufeufrudkifwJh tiftm;pkawGtm;vkH;/ EdkifiHa&;tiftm;pkawGtm;vkH;ukd vlxk }uD;eJ@uif;uGmapwJh tajymif;tvJyJ jzpfygw,f? jynfov l x l u k a kd wmh tzdEy dS c fb H 0eJ@ t+rJwrf;xm;r,fqw dk hJ tajymif; tvJjzpfygw,f? uae@ orRw OD;ode;f pdef tpdk;&u ol@udk,fol rdbt&mrSmxm;+yD; wkdif;oljynfom;awGudk om;orD;vkd oabmxm;w,f? 2008 tajccHOya'/ tajccHrr l m S trsKd ;om;Edi ki fa H &;rSm wyfrawmfu OD;aqmifrt _ cef;rSm yg&r,f qdw k mawG[m ppfty k p f [ k m rdbt&muae+yD; wkdif;jynfukd ppftm%m&SifpepfeJ@ tkyfcsKyfjc,fvS,foGm;r,fqdkwm &Sif;aeygw,f? 'Dae@vkyfaewJh tajymif;tvJawG tm;vkH;[m tJh'gawGukd wqifhcsif;/ wcsufcsif;/ wvSrf;csif; taumiftxnf azmfaewmyJjzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh orRwOD;odef;pdef tpdk;&[m aemufawmif jyefqkwfvkd@r&awmhwJh tajymif;tvJawGvkd@awmif wcsdK@u ajymaewmyJ? jynfolomtrd/ jynfolomtz/ jynfolom wkdif;jynf&J@t&Sifocif jzpfzkd@ tajymif;tvJr[kwfwm/ vGwfvyf/ wef;wl/ pnf;vkH;wJh 'Drkdua&pDxGef;um;+yD; +idrf;csrf;om,mwJh zGH@+zKd;wkd;wufwJh jynfaxmifpkwck jzpfzkd@ tajymif;tvJ r[kwfwmawmh aocsmygw,f?

armifr;dk OD;
Zef 30/ 2012?

17

Eki di fa H &;

'Dru kd a&pDc&D; reD;ao;bl;

jrwfE;dk
etz ppftkyfpk0if AdkvfcsKyfa[mif;vnf;jzpf etz Adkvf oef;a&$ ppftpdk;&&J@ 0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif;vnf;jzpfwJh }uHhzGH@ orRw OD;odef;pdefu oef@&Sif;wJh tpkd;& / qif; &JrGJawr_ yaysmufa&;/ aumif;rGefwJh tpdk;&pwmawGudk ajymvmw,f? 'grsdK;awG olwkd@vkyfaeusyJ qdk+yD; +yKH;vkdufrdao;w,f? wcsdefwnf;rSm NLD acgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unfuvnf; wkdif;jynf&J@ vuf&dS tvm;tvmeJ@ ywfoufv@dk ajymif;vJr_ jzpfEi kd w f hJ tajctaea&mufae+yD/ ajymif; vJrj_ zpfom G ;+yDv@dk awmh rajymEdi kb f ;l ayg h qdw k p hJ um;/ u|er f aeeJ@awmh orRw OD;ode;f pde[ f m aumif;wJhbufukd oGm;csifw,f qdkwmuawmh u|efr,kH=unfw,f/ jyKjyif ajymif;vJr_ukd vkdvm;w,fqdkwm u|efr,kH=unfw,f qdkwJh pum;awG ajymvmjyefw,f? 'Dpum;awGukd =um;&wJhtcg vGwfvyfpGm oabmuGJvGJcGifhudk todtrSwfjyK&if; vlxktoHukd wwfEdkifor# em;pGifh=unfhrdw,f? olwkd@&J @ukd,fykdifb0vufawG@twGif;rSm r,fr,f&& ajymif;vJr,fh t&dyt f a,mif awG rawG@&ao;ayr,fh a':atmifqef;pk=unf&@J EdkifiHa&;*k%foduQmudk av;pm;,kH=unfwma=umifh jynfolawGtaeeJ@ taumif;bufukd r0hHr&J ar#mfvifhwmawGudk=um;ae&w,f? wcsdefwnf;rSm }uHhzGH@ tpkd;&tay:rSm vkH;0 ,kH=unfpdwfcsr_ r&SdwmawGukdvnf; awG@ae&w,f? tkyfpkd;ol (txl;ojzifh ppftpkd;&) awGeJ@ ywfoufvm&if jynfolawG[m t+rJwap oHo,pdwfawG&Sdaewwf=uw,f? b,favmuf Edi ki fa H &; =oZm}uD;wJh yk*Kd~ vfu azsmif;zswmjzpfjzpf olw@dk &@J tpd;k &tay:xm;wJh oHo,pdwu f dk tvG,w f ulpe G @f ypfEi kd p f r G ;f r&S=d ubl;? 'guvnf; ta=umif;rJ jh zpfaewmawmh r[kwfbl;? 'DvdkudpPrsdK;eJ@ ywfoufvm&if jynfolawGrSm usdK;a=umif;qDavsmf+yD; wdus ckdifrmwJh udk,fykdiforkdif;tawG@t}uKHawG &Sdaevkd@yJ? jrefrmjynfolawG[m wcsdK@EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifawG/ jrefrmh ta&;u|rf;usifolvkd@ trnfcHolawG xifovdk evydef;wkH;awG r[kwfbl;? &Sif}uD;0rf; 0ifcJhzl;ovkd/ &Sifi,f 0rf;vnf; 0ifcJhzl;=uwJh tawG@t}uKH tpOftvm}uD;olawG jzpfw,f? twdwfordkif;ukd wcsufavmuf iJh=unfhyg? jynfolawG[m 194* ckESpf vGwf vyfa&;acwfOD;u p+yD;/ ,ae@txdwufvmor# tm%m& tpdk;& tqufquf&J@ EdkifiH a&;oabmxm;awG/ a=unmcsufawG/ 0ef}uD;/ orRw/ ppfAdkvfcsKyfolawG&J@ rdef@cGef; qkdwmawG uwdu0wfqkdwmawGudk em;=um;jyif;uyfavmufatmif =um;cJh=u&+yD;+yD? tajymwrsKd ; tvkyw f rsKd ; rsuE f m S ajymifwu dk f vdrw f mudv k nf; ESpa f ygi;f 60 ausmf tvl; tvJcc H& hJ +yD;+yD? jynfawmfom&rnf wJ/h jrefrmhenf;jzifh qk& d , S v f pfavmuod@k csw D uf thhHwJh/ a&G;aumufyGJ tEdkif& EdkifiHa&;ygwDukd tm%mv$Jay;+yD; wyfrawmfu ppfwef; vsm;ukd jyefr,f wJ/h jynfawmifpk r+yKdua JG &;/ wdi k ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nDnw G r f r _ +yKdua JG &; wJh/ pnf;urf; jynfh0aom 'Drkdua&pDwJh-- pkHaewmyJ? olwkd@om wkdif;jynfukd tcspfqkH; qkdwmuvnf; ygvdkufao;w,f? vufawG@b0rSmawmh zqyv 0ef}uD;awG/ trwfrif;awGom jynfawmfomukef =u+yD; wkdif;jynfuawmh jynfwGif;ppf twGif;rSm jymykHb0rSm a&mufcJh&w,f? 1962 ckESpfrSm Adkvfae0if;ppftkyfpk yxptpdk;&qDu tm%modrf;+yD; ppfwyfwygwD tm%m&SifpepfeJ@ tkyp f ;dk cJv h @dk ygvr D ef tpk;d &vufxufu &Sc dw hJ hJ tEkwp f w k * f w k ( f uky) f pkwf 'Dru dk a&pD uav; awmif =uufaysmuf iSufaysmuf aysmufcJh&w,f? 18

jrefrmhenf; jrefrmh[efe@J tvkt,uf tajy;tv$m; csw D ufvu dk a f wmh Adv k a f e0if;eJ@ aemufvu dk f aemufygawG wu,fhukd qkd&S,fvpfavmuedAmef a&mufukef=uw,f? jynfolawGuawmh xkH;pHtwkdif; jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpf i&J}uD;&Spfxyf&J@ atmufqkH;rSm *sdK;(csdK;) uyfcJh=u&w,f? wkdif;jynfvnf; urBmh tqif;&JqkH; *k%fxl;aqmifbGJ@wHqdyf tyfESif;cHcJh&w,f? 1988 ckESpfrSm jynfolvlxk&J@ rqv tpdk;&udk qef@usifwJh vlxktkHur_}uD;ay:vmw,f? jynf oltrsm;u ygwDpkH 'Drkdua&pDudk awmif;qkdcJh=uw,f? ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pD ta&;awmfykH}uD;twGif; jynf olvlxk}uD;u a':atmifqef;pk}unfukd jynfol@ acgif;aqmiftjzpf todtrSwfjyKvdkuf=uw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unf OD;aqmifwJh NLD ygwDukd 1990 jynfha&G;aumufyGJrSm jynfolawG wcJ euf rJay;cJhvkd@ tjywftowfEdkifcJhw,f? tEdkif&ygwDukd tm%mv$Jay;+yD; ppfwef;vsm; jyefr,fvkd@ tJh'D tcsdefu e0w ppfacgif;aqmif Adkvfapmarmifu uwday;cJhw,f? 'gayrJh NLD ukd tm%mv$Jray;ovkd ppfwyfu ppfwef;vsm;ukdvnf; jyefroGm;cJhbl;? etz ppftpdk;&trnfeJ@ Adkvfoef;a&$ ppftkyfpku tm%m &SifpepfeJ@ qufvuftkyfcsKyfcJhw,f? jynfolawG&J@ pm;0wfaea&;b0u wae@wjcm; ykdqkd;vmw,f? tvkyform;awG[m vkkyftm;eJ@vkyfc rr#bJ ukefaps;E_ef; }uD;jrihfr_'%fukd tvl;tvJ cH=u&w,f? v,form;awG&@J v,fajrawGudk pD;yGm;a&; ukr% ` }D uD;awG ppfwyfawGu t"rRor d ;f ,lwmukd cHae =u&w,f? wdkif;jynf&J@ tcsuftcsm pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;}uD;rSefor#udk ppftkyfpk0if AdkvfcsKyfawGeJ@ aqGrsdK;om; csif;awGuom tydkifpD; jc,fvS,fcGifh &ae}uw,f? Adkvfoef;a&$ etz ppftkyfpk[m 1991 ckavmufup+yD; vlrsdK;pkvufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;awGeJ@ Oya'wGif;0if typf&yf qkdwmvkyf+yD;/ NLD ygwDukd wjynfvkH;twkdif;twmeJ@ uef@owf csKyfcs,fwmawG vkyfvmw,f? &efukefA[kdHk;csKyfrSty wjynfvkH; u NLD Hk;awGudk csdyfydwfypfw,f? a':atmifqef; pk=unf&J@ vlxkpnf;&kH;a&;c&D;pOfawGudk aESmifh,Sufydwfyifw,f? v$wfawmftrwfawGudk axmifoGif; tusOf;cswm/ ygwDuae EkwfxGufckdif;wmawG vkyfw,f? aemufq;Hk a':atmifqef;pk=unfu, kd w f i dk v f nf; ESp& f n S v f rsm; tdrc f sKyf tuscc H& hJ w,f? vk& d if; ajym&&if rw&m;zdESdyfcHcJh&wm rsufESmajymifwkduf+yD; ajymifvdrfcH&wmrsm;vmawmh ppftpdk;&&J@ ajym pum;awG/ au;a=umfoHawG/ uwdu0wfawGudk wefzkd;xm;+yD; tvG,fwulvufcHzkd@qkdwm jynfolawG twGuf rvG,fwJhudpPjzpfygw,f? ckvnf; }uH h zG@H orw OD;ode;f pde& f @J tajymxuf tvkyv f ufawG@uo kd m tav;xm;=unfh =urSmyg? OD;odef;pdefeJ@ }uHhzGH@ ygwD[m b,fvkdyk*~dKvf/ b,fvkdygwDqkdwmvnf; jynfolawGrodwm r[kwfygbl;? }uH h zG@H ygw[ D m etz ppftm%m&Sif Adv k o f ef;a&$arG;xkwv f u dk w f hJ ygwq D w dk m jynfoa l wG rarh=u ao;ygb;l ? pzGJ@pOfu jynfaxmifpk }uHhckdifa&;ESifh zGH@+zKd;a&;vlr_toif;}uD; vdk@ uifyGef;wyfygw,f? wcsdK@ vlxkawG t=um;rSmawmh jynfaxmifpk}uHhcdkifa&;ESihf vlrdkufarG;toif;}uD;vkd@ avSmifajymifac: }uygw,f? tJ' h v D a dk c:r,fqv dk nf; ac:avmufygw,f? }uH h zG@H qdw k m NLD ukd enf;rsdK;pkHeJ@ aESmifh,Suf+cdrf;ajcmuf &mrSm emrnfqkd;eJ@ausmf=um;wJh vlrdkuftoif;}uD;qkdwm wjynfvkH;odygw,f? a': atmifqef;pk=unf/ OD;wifOD;wkd@ukd vkyf}uHowfjzwfzkd@ }uHpnfwJh 'DyJ,if;vlowfyGJ}uD;rSmvnf; wufwufuu yg0ifcJhwJh toif;yg? aemufydkif;rSm Adkvfoef;a&$u }uHhzGH@ udk EdkifiHa&;ygwDtjzpf ajymif;ypfvkdufygw,f? ygwD0if 11 oef;ausmf&Sdw,fvkd@ qdkygw,f? ppfAdkvfcsKyfawGukd t&yf0wfvJcdkif;+yD; }uHhzGH@ygwDacgif;aqmifrsm; tjzpf wm0ef,lapygw,f? pnf;urf;jynfh0aom 'Drkdua&pDqkd+yD; au;a=umfckdif;ygw,f? ppftm%m&Sif pepfoufqkd;&Snfapzkd@ anmifESpfyifnDvmcHu csrSwfvkdufwJh 2008 tajccHOya'ukd t"rR twnfjyKyg w,f? 2010 twkta,mifa&G;aumufyGJrSm }udKwifrJawGeJ@ rJvdrfrJckd;+yD; }uHhzGH@ &kyfao;tpdk;&udk toufoGif;ay;vkdufygw,f? Adkvfoef;a&$[m wyfrawmfumuG,fa&; OD;pD;csKyfukdvnf; ol@pdwf}udKufa&G; cs,f cef@xm;ygw,f? }uHhzGH@ ygwDuvmwJh orRweJ@ ppfwyfudk,fpm;vS,f 'korRw tygt0if 11 OD;&SdwJh trsdK;om;umuG,fa&;eJ@ vkHjcKHa&;aumifpDukd zGJ@w,f/ tJh'D}udK;ukdiftzGJ@&J@ t"duwm0efu ppftm %m&Sifpepf t"Gef@&Snfa&;udk tmrcHwJh 2008 tajccHOya'udk tE&m,fjyK xdyg;vm&if ppfwyfu w&m; 0iftm%modrf;,la&;yJ jzpfw,f? 19

wyfukd vufv$wfvdkuf&csdefrSm ppftm%m&Sif Adkvfae0if;[m Adkvfoef;a&$vufcsufeJ@ taervS/ taorvS b0 ysufoGm;cJh&w,f? tJh'Dvkd tjzpfrsdK; olukd,fwkdif jyefrcH&atmif vkdtyfwmrSefor# jyifqif+yD;rS t+idrf;pm;,lw,fqdk+yD; uef@vef@ umaemufuG,fudk v#dK0ifoGm;wmjzpfw,f? pdwfcsvufcs ajcypfvufypf tem;,loGm;wmrsdK;r[kwfbl;? wHigonf[m ykduf}udK;uukdif+yD; ykdufudkypfwm? kyfwm vkkyfovkd Adkvfoef;a&$[mvnf; trsdK;om;umuG,fa&;eJ@ vkH+cKHa&;aumifpDqkdwJh ykduf}udK;udkukdif+yD; vkdovdk upm;&r,fqdkwm odw,f? vuf&Sdtm%m& }uHhzGH@orRw OD;odef;pdeftpdk;&qkdwm Adkvfoef;a&$ppftkyfpk&J@ udk,fyGm;om jzpfw,f? 2008 tajc cHOya'qkdwm Adkvfoef;a&$ppftkyfpk&J@ toufjzpfw,f? tm%m& }uHhzGH@ tpdk;&&J@ t"du wm0efu ppftkyfpk&J@ touf 2008 tajccHOya'udk umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;yJ? }uHhzGH@ tpdk;& ay;r,fh 'Drkdua&pDqkdwm 2008 tajccHOya'udk rxdyg;wJh twkdif;twmtxdom jzpfvdrfhr,f? txufrSm ajymcJhwmawG[m jrefrmhvl@tzGJ@tpnf;twGif;rSm tckdiftrmwnf&SdaewJh tajctaerSefawGyJ? vlyk*~dKvf wa,muf tpdk;&w&yf EdkifiHa&;ygwDwckudk tuJjzwfEdkifzkd@ jynfhpkHvkHavmufwJh oufaotaxmuftxm;awGyJ? q,fpkESpfrsm;pGm jzpfwnfaewJh cdi kv f w Hk hJ oufaotaxmuftxm;awGudk rsuu f , G jf yK+yD; r,fr,f&& taxmuftxm;r&Sy d J }uH h zG@H tpd;k &tay: 'grSr[kwf orRw OD;odef;pdeftay: taumif;jrifzkd@qkdwm jynfolawGtzkd@ awmfawmfcufygw,f? orRw OD;odef;pdeftpkd;&tay: }udK;pm;+yD; taumif;jrifcsifw,fqkdOD;awmh vufawG@b0u cGifhrjyK&if ('Drkdua&pDtjynfht0 r&Sd&if/ jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;r&SdbJ vlrsdK;pka'oawGrSm ppfyGJawG w+cdrf;+cdrf;jzpfae&if/ Oya'pdk;rdk;r_r&SdbJ tvkyform;/ v,form;awG bufpkHtEdkifusifhcHae&&if ppfwyfu tcsdefra&G; tm%modrf;Edkifw,fqkdwJh tEW&m,f&Sdae&if) jynfolawGtaeeJ@ b,fvkdvkyf taumif;jrifpdwf arG;vkd@& yghrvJ? tcsuftvuf taxmuftxm;rJh taumif;jrif/tqkd;jrifqdkwm Avmpum;oufouf qENpGJoufoufxuf rykdEdkifygbl;? a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf t aeeJ @ pum;0k d i f ; awG u wqif h orR w OD ; od e f ; pd e f t ay: &k d ; &k d ; om;om; taumif ; jrif wmjzpfr,fqw kd mudk ,k=H unfygw,f? 'gayrJh uGv J w JG hJ _axmifu h =unf& h if orRw OD;ode;f pdet f aeeJ@ taumif;bufudk ajymif;vJ csifol pdwfaumif;ESvkH;aumif;&Sdoljzpf&ifawmifrS 2008 tajccH Oya'ukd qef@usif+yD; bmwckrS vkyfEdkifp&mr&Sdygbl;? 2008 tajccHOya'qkdwm wckvkH;t&ajym&if ppftkyfpk&J@ taxGaxGtusdK;pD;yGm;udk umuG,fwJh Oya'jzpfovkd wckcsif;t&ajym&if OD;odef;pdefwOD;csif;&J@ tusdK;pD;yGm;udk umuG,fwJh Oya'vnf; jzpfaew,fr[kwfvm;? }uHhzGH@ tpkd;&taeeJ@uawmh a':atmif qef;pk=unfeJ@ pum;ajymaeygw,fvkd@ EdkifiHwumeJ@ jynfolawGudk jyoEdkif&if EdkifiHa&;tjrwf&w,fqkd+yD; rm&oGefaqG;aEG;yGJrsdK; vky& f av t}udKufawG@avaerSmygy? J 'gx h ufru 2008 tajccHOya' oHwi dk =f um;ukd a':atmifqef;pk=unfe@J NLD a&mufvm av t}udKufawG@avaerSmygyJ? ta=umif;uawmh }uHhzGH@ tpdk;&&J@ ppftm%m&Sifpepf xdef;odrf;a&;ADZukd zkH;uG,f&mrSm tokH;wnfhvkd@ jzpfygw,f? jynfoa l wG&@J vufawG@b0 trSew f &m;&J@ vrf;jyr_t&qk& d ifawmh jynfoa l wG qufvuf csw D uf&r,fv h rf;a=umif;u 2008 tajccHOya' zsufodrf;a&; jynfolw&yfvkH;&J@ qENeJ@tnD a&;qGJxm;wJh 'Drkdua&pDzGJ@pnf;ykH tajccHOya'w&yf ay:aygufa&; ,if;Oya'opft& jynfol awGa&G;aumufwifajrmufwJh 'Drkdua&pDt&yfom;tpkd;&w&yf ay:aygufa&;yJ jzpfw,f? 'Dvrf; a=umif;ay: a&mufatmif 2008 tajccH Oya'udk opPmcHaewJh orRw OD;odef;pdefuvnf; jyKjyifajymif;vJay;Edkifp&m rjrifygbl;? jynfoa l wGu, dk w f i dk y f J pkpp k nf;pnf; nDnn D w G n f w G e f @J csw D uf=u&vdrr hf ,f? }uH h zG@H v$wa f wmfuae &or# tcGit hf a&;ukd tokH;cs+yD; 2008 tajccHOya'udk jyKjyif,l&r,fqkdwJholrsm;&J@ v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;eJ@ jynfolawG&J@ yifrv_yf&Sm;r_}uD;udk aygif;pyf& vdrfhr,f? ppftm%m&Sifpepf[m vG,fvG,feJ@ aemufqkwfrSm r[kwfbl;? jrpfudkawG@&if wHwm;aqmuf/ awmifudk awG@&if Orifazguf+yD; csDwuf=u&vdrfhOD;r,f/ 'Drkdua&pDc&D;u reD;ao;bl; vkd@xifygw,f?

jrwfEdk;
1/ 11/ 2011? (&nfne $ ;f ? a':atmifqef;pk=unf&@J ajympum;rsm;ukd 2009 pufwifbm 2011 =umoyaw;ae@xw k /f twGJ 2/ trSwf 62 ? jynfol@acwf*sme,frS a':atmifqef;pk=unfESihf awG@qkHar;jref;jcif; (20/pufwifbm/ 2011)

20

Eki di fa H &;

b,fo@l twGuf 'Drdkua&pDaqmif=uOf;ay;rSmvJ

&Jabmf zk;d oHacsmif;

a&G;aumufyGJwck a&mufvmjyefygawmhr,f? {+yDv(1)&ufae@rSm usif;yzdk@twGuf }uHhzGwftpdk;&taeeJ@ aA'ifar;+yD;rS a&G;cs,v f u kd w f mjzpfEi kd y f gw,f? 'gayrJh 'D&ufukd urBmtES@H rm S (April Fools Day) tl;vkyw f a hJ e@v@kd owfrw S f em;vnfxm;=uygw,f? Armjynfrm S tl;vkyy f }JG uD;wck xyfawG@&OD;awmhr,f? +yD;cJw h hJ 2010a&G;aumufyx JG uf ydr k a kd jymifajrmufwhJ tl;vkyy f w JG ckukd jrif&avmufygw,f? (jynfov l x l u k kd tl;vkyjf yzd@k }uKd;yrf;cJw h m[m jynfov l l xka&S@rSm l;jywmyJ jzpfoGm;cJhzl;ygw,f?) tckqdk&if }uKdwifrJawG/ jynfya&mufrJawG wif;eJ@awmif;eJ@ toifhjzpfaeavmufyg+yD? b,folEdkifap/ b,folH_;ap qdkwmudk rJay;olawGu qHk;jzwfwmr[kwfbJ =uyfajy;uae qHk;jzwfrSmyg? 'gayrJh pdwfcsyg? 'Dwcg a&G;aumufyr JG m S Adv k o f ef;pdew f @kd [m ab;tjrifrm S olrwlatmifoef@pifjyr,fv@dk wGuo f u l wGuf ygw,f? ta=umif; uawmh 'Da&G; aumufyGJrSm olwdk@vlawG tm;vHk;H_;oGm;vnf; v$wfawmfxJrSm olwdk@vlawGu 80txuf xd e f ; csKyf x m;rS m rd k @ jzpf y gw,f ? aemuf + yD ; 0if t a&G ; cH r ,f h ol w d k @ }uH h z G H @ ud k , f p m;vS , f a vmif ; qd k w muvnf ; 0ef}uD;ae&mtwGuf vsmxm;olawG r[kwy f gb;l ? tjznfc hu H , kd p f m; vS,a f vmif;awG/ =uufpum;eJ@ajym&&if cGyv f ufcH trwfavmif;awGom jzpfrSmrdk@yg? aemuf+yD; wcsufckwfESpfcsufjywf qdkovdk olwdk@udkapmifh=unhfaewJh urBmh todkif;t0dkif;xJuvlawG&J@ rsufvHk;xJrSm armifa$dk; jzpfr,fr[kwfvm;? wu,fawmh 'Da&G;aumufyGJ[m 2010a&G;aumufyGJ&J@ tpdwftydkif;wckom jzpfygw,f? wenf;ajym&&if 2010ckEp S f vdrv f nfy}JG uD;&J@tqufom jzpfygw,f? Adv k o f e d ;f pdew f @kd tm%m&a&;twGuf w&m;0if atmif vkya f y;&wJh ajcvSrf;tqufom jzpfygw,f? OD;Adkvfoef;pdefwdk@twGuf tcsdKay: oumavmif;r,fh a&G;aumufyGJom jzpfygw,f? 'if;wdk@wawG uHxw,fvdk@ qdk&rvm; rodygbl;/ }uKdwifrJawG/ ta0;a&mufrJawGeJ@ orRwvkyfwmudkawmifrS ajzmifhrwfw,f/ ,Hk=unf&w,fvdk@ csD;usL;wmawG jzpfaeygw,f? jyefpOf;pm;vdu k & f if 'Dtpd;k &opf wufvmvd@k 1ESpe f ;D yg;=umwJt h cgrm S 'Dae@ Armjynfjynfoa l wG&@J pm;0wfae xdi kr f b _ 0 tajctaeudk jyefpOf;pm;=unhv f u kd y f g? =um;jzwfaG;aumufyJG usi;f yr,fqw kd t hJ a=umif;eJ@ ra&S;raESmif;rSmyJ avmifpmqDc/ v#yfppfrDwmc/ rD;&xm;cawG jrihfwifcJhygw,f? 'DumvtwGif;rSm qENjywmawGay:cJhwmudk 'Dtpdk; &opfu enf;rsdK;pHkeJ@ ydwfyifzsufqD;cJhygw,f ('DqENjywmawGtem;udk b,fEdkifiHa&;ygwDrS ruyfwmvnf; owdxm;rdygw,f)? v,form;awGtay: trsKd ;rsKd ;tEdi ku f siw hf mawG/ rsm;oxufrsm;/ qd;k 0g;oxufq;kd 0g;vmovdk jynfwi G ;f ppf&@J AH;k oHtajrmufoa H wG[m us,a f vmifoxuf us,a f vmifv@kd om vmaeygw,f? 'gawGe@J w+yKdie f ufwnf; rSm ADta kd ttoHvi $X fh me&J@ a&;cGir hf &aom owif;rsm;urSm azmfjyp&mawG[m ajymolrEdi ka f vmufatmif jzpfaeyg w,f? aocsmwmuawmh Adv k o f e d ;f pdew f @kd &@J tajymif;tvJqdw k mudk aiGa=u;"e tajctae awmifw h if;olrsm;u ar#mfvifhcsufxm;ae=u+yD; atmufajcqif;&Jom; jynfolawGuawmh ar#mfvihfcsuf rJhoxufrJhvmaeygw,f? 'DvdktajctaeawG &SdygvsufeJ@ Akdvfodef;pdef[m tar&duefu 0g&Sifwefydk@pfowif;pmeJ@ tifwmAsL;&mrSm olw@kd bufuawmh wm0efaus+yD/ taemufEi kd i fa H wGbufu ydwq f @kd wmawG jyefzi Gy fh gawmhv@kd ajAmifajymvdu k y f gw,f? 'dt&if &ufydkif;uav;wkef;uyJ olwdk@tckvkyfaewmawG[m b,foluvkyfcdkif;vdk@zdtm;ay;vdk@rSr[kwfbl; qdkwJh oabmrsKd ; ajymcJy h gao;w,f? tckawmh a&mhywWjrm;- ay;e*g; vkya f eyg+yD? 'g[m Adkvfoef;pdefeJ@ }uHhzGH@tpdk;&u zefwd;aewJh'Drdkua&pDygyJ? Armjynf jynfolvlxktzdk@uawmh rD;SL;rD;yef;awGukd ai;arm=unha f ewke;f txkyf vlc;kd cH&wJt h jzpf }uKHae&yg+yD/ wu,fu 'Da&G;aumufyt JG yg OD;ode;f pdef wdk@ vkyfaewmawG[m AdkvfcsKyfawGtwGuf vGwfvyfpGm vdrfnmcGifh/ vGwfvyfpGm aoG;pkyfcGihf/ vGwfvyfpGm ppfcif; cGihfawGudk a&$vifyef;eJ@ wifay;aewmomjzpfygw,f? 2 1

jynfov l x l u k awmh wHv#yu f dk wHv#yv f @dk yJ odygw,f apmt,fx;l

Eki di fa H &;

acwfopfArmjynfEdkifiHa&;ordkif;rSm 1300 jynfhta&;awmfykH(1938) [m tvGef ta&;}uD;wJt h cef;u ygcy hJ gw,f? ArmjynfEi kd i fa H &;ordi k ;f rSm tauG@tcsKd ;}uD;wckvnf; jzpfchJ ygw,f? ArmjynfEi kd i fa H &;vrf;a=umif;[m vGwv f yfa&;/ 'Dru kd a&pDa&;/qk& d , S v f pfa&; jzpfw,f qkw d mukd &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif; jrifapcJw h ,f? Armjynfacwfopf Edi ki fa H &;avmuukd acgi;f aqmifr_ ay;wJh xl;c|efxufjrufwufwJh vli,facgif;aqmifrsdK;qufopf wokwfudk arG;xkwfcJhw,f? 'gayrJh 'Dx;l c|ex f ufjrufwufuGwhJ vli,facgi;f aqmifawG[m jynfov l x l t k usKd ; ukd OD;xdyfyef+yD; ukd,fusdK;pGef@um ArmjynfEkdifiHa&;vrf;a=umif;ukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;yJ rsuf ajctjywfrcHbJ av#mufvr S ;f ole@J jynfov l x l u k dk cseif;um rdru d , kd u f sKd ;pD;yGm;twGuf Arm jynf Edi ki fa H &;vrf;a}umif;ukd _y fy _a f xG;axG; vkyy f pfwo hJ a l wGq+dk yD; ESpy fi dk ;f uGo J m G ;w,f? 'D[m&J@ tusdK;qufuawmh ArmjynfrSm trsdK;om;pnf;vkH;nDnGwfr_ +yKduGJapcJhwmyJ/ jynfolvlxk udk cseif;um rdru d , dk u f sKd ;pD;yGm;twGuf ArmjynfEi kd i fa H &;vrf;a=umif;ukd _y f y _ a f xG;axG;vkyo f l acgif;aqmifpku EdkifiHa&;tm%m&vmwJhtcgrSmawmh jynfwGif;ppf(1948) jzpfawmhwmyJ? tJ' h a D e@up+yD; Armjynf jynfov l x l k (vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkjH ynfov l x l ) k }uD;[m vGwv f yfa&; t&om qkw d m bmrSe;f rod&awmhbJ jynfwi G ;f ppfr;D yifv,fxr J m S urf;rjrifvrf;rjrif ,ufuef,uf uef ul;cwf&if; +idrf;csrf;wJh 'Drkdua&pDurf;ajcudk wrf;wae&wmu uae@txdygyJ? Armjynf[m 1943 ckEp S r f m S vGwv f yfa&;twk wcg &zl;ygw,f? zufqpf0g' t&om ukd aumif;aumif;cHpm;vkduf&ygw,f? 1948 rSm vkH;0vGwfvyfa&;ukd ar#mfrSef;+yD; +Adwdo# "eo[m,tzG@J xr J m S awmif raebl;qd+k yD; vGwv f yfa&;ukd a=unmcJy h gw,f? 'gayrJh aESmif}udK; tr#iw f ef;eJ@ jzpfcy hJ gw,f? tkyp f ;dk oljzpfvmwJh zq-qk& d , S f (zqyv tzG@J csKyfudk qk& d , S v f pfawG tkyp f ;D rdom G ;vk@d zqyvtpd;k &udk tJ' h w D e k ;f u ac:wJt h rnf) tpd;k &[m "e&Sif ygvr D ef 'Dru dk a&pDuv dk nf; yDjyifatmif rxlaxmifEi kd c fb hJ ;l ? zqyv tpd;k &[m "e&Sia f ygup f ADZu vm=u olrsm;+yD; Edi ki fa H &;tm%m&vm+yD;rS Edi ki fa H &;tm%meJ@ bmt&if;tES;D udk vuf0g;}uD;tkyw f hJ AsLkdua&pDt&if;&Sif vlwef;pm;ukd wufvSrf;&wm jzpfawmh ygvDref'Drkdua&pD 'grSr[kwf "e&Sif 'Dru kd a&pDudk tom;usatmif rvkyE fi kd a f o;bl; jzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh jynfov l x l t k wGuf 'Dru kd a&pDudk rqdx k m;eJ@ olw@dk wufvr S ;f p AsLku d &uft&if;&Six f r J m S awmif 'Dru kd a&pDudk yDjyif atmif rvkyE fi kd c fb hJ ;l ? tJ'ga=umifh tJ' h w D e k ;f u 0ef}uD;csKyf vkyc fo hJ u l dk b0&Sir f if;=wm;}uD;vk@d ajymqk=d uwmawmif &Sw d myJ? 'Dvdk 'Dru dk a&pD qdwo f O k ;f cJv h @dk vnf; jynfwi G ;f ppf jzpfcw hJ myJ? tJ' h w D e k ;f u 'Dru kd a&pD Edi ki fa H wmfw@dk / jynfawmfom&rnfw@dk / jynfaxmifpw k @kd / vlwa,muf/ wdu k w f vk;H /um;wpD;/ 0ifaiG 800 usyf & &r,fw@dk / vufeufe@J 'Dru kd a&pDvw J mwd@k / qdw k mawG ukd jynfolvlxk}uD;u em;rqHhavmufatmif=um;cJh&ygw,f? taumiftxnfawmh rjrifvkduf}u&ygbl;? 22

jynfolvlxk}uD; xdawG@cHpm;vkduf&wmu ygvDref'Drkdua&pDvkd@ emrnfwyfxm;wJh wjynfaxmifpepf/ AsLkdu&uf t&if;&SifpepfeJ@ AsLkdua&pDtkyfcsKyfa&; ,EW&m;}uD;jzpfygw,f? 1962 ckESpf/ rwfv 2 &ufae@rSmawmh Adkvfae0if;ppftkyfpku tm%modrf;ygw,f? ppftkyfpkukdvnf; awmfve S a f &;aumifpq D +dk yD; emrnfwyfygw,f? awmfve S a f &;aumifpu D jrefrmhenf; jrefrmh[ef qk& d , S v f pfpepfudk csw D uf r,fv@dk ajymygw,f? Edi ki fa H &;orm;tawmfrsm;rsm; rsup fv d nfue ky f gw,f? wcsKd @qkd ordi k ;f wacwfopfc+hJ yD wk@d bmwd@k awmif ajymvmygw,f? qk& d , S v f pf 'Dru dk a&pD usio hf ;Hk r,f? avmavmq,f pyfu;l rwfu;l umv wck jzwfoef;&w,fv@dk ajym+yD; rqv wygwt D m%m&Sip f epfudk xlaxmifygw,f? ygw/D aumifp/D v$wa f wmfqw kd mawG/ jynfaxmifpq k w dk mawG ajymyg w,f? jynfolvlxk}uD;cHpm;vkduf&wmu wjynfaxmifpepf/ ppftm%m&SifpepfeJ@ ppfAsLua&pD,E&m;yJ jzpfygw,f? 1988 vlxktkHuGr_a}umifh rqv wygwD tm%m&Sifpepfysufayr,fh e0w tm%modrf;wufvm+yD; ygwDpkH 'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;yay;r,fqkdwJh uwdeJ@ ppftm%m&SifpepfeJ@ ppfAsLkdua&pD,E&m;ukd ajAmif usifhokH;ygw,f? 1990 rSm a&G;aumufyGJusif;yay;ayr,fh a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk taumiftxnfazmfzkd@ jiif;y,f+yD;wJh aemuf etz tjzpf trnfajymif;w,f? trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;/ ygwDEdkifiHa&;qkdwm ajymvmw,f? trsdK;om; nDvmcH usif;yvkduf/ &yfem;xm;vkduf/ jyefusif;yvkdufvkyf+yD; trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;rSm wyfrawmfu OD;aqmifr_tcef;u yg&r,fqdkwJhtcsufukd r& &wJhenf;eJ@ csrSwfcJhw,f? 'DaemufrSmawmh pnf;urf;jynfh0wJh ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDpepfqkdwmudk ajymvmw,f ? 2008 tajccH O ya'uk d a&;qG J w ,f ? 2010 rS m a&G ; aumuf y G J v k y f + yD ; 2008 tajccH O ya't& jynfaxmifpv k w $ a f wmf/ jynfe,fEi S hf wki d ;f a'o}uD;v$wa f wmfawG qdw k m ay:vmw,f? orRw OD;ode;f pdea f cgi;f aqmifwhJ }uHz h @HG tpd;k &qdw k m wufvmw,f? umuG,a f &;eJ@v+Hk cKHa&;aumifpq D w dk m ay:vmw,f? Adv k o f ef;a&$e@J Adv k a f rmifat;wd@k udk etzzsuo f r d ;f vku d w f ,fv@dk a=unm+yD; topfz@JG pnf;ykx H r J m S b,frm S rS rawG@&awmhygb;l ? orRwOD;ode;f pdet f pk;d &uvnf; pnf;urf;jynfh0wJh ygwDpkH 'Drkdua&pDpepfukd usifhokH;r,f/ tajymif;tvJukd tavmw}uD;vkyfvdk@rjzpfbl;? wpwpyJ vky& f r,fq+dk yD; etz tpd;k & vufxufu vkyw f t hJ vkya f wGuy dk J qufcef@ca JG eygw,f? wu,fawmh 2008 tajccHOya'wk@d a&G;aumufyw JG @dk v$wa f wmftqifq h ifw h @dk / orRw acgi;f aqmifwt hJ pd;k &wk@d / pnf;urf;jynfh0wJh ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDwkd@qdkwmawG[m [efjyawGomjzpf+yD; ppftkyfpk/ ppftm%m&SifpepfeJ@ ppfAsL&kdu a&pD,E&m;udk zkH;uG,fxm;zkd@oufoufyJ jzpfygw,f? tajymif;tvJqkdwmawG[mvnf; [efjyawGom jzpfygw,f? 'gayrJh wHv#yfukd a&xifwJholawGukdvnf; ay:aygufapcJhwmuawmh trSefyJ? vlwcsdK@ukd vSnfhpm;vkdufEdkifygw,f? jynfolvlxk}uD;uawmh ppftm%m&SifpepfeJ@ ppfAsLua&pD,E&m;ukd 2008 tajccHOya' o&zlaqmif; vdkufw,fqdkwmukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;jrifygw,f/ pnf;urf;jynf0wJh ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDpepfwdk@/ jynfaxmifpkwdk@/ aps;uGuf pD;yGm;a&;wk@d qdw k m toHom =um;&+yD; vufawG@rm S ppftm%m&Sip f epfuy dk J &ifqi kd & f w,f? ppfAsLku d a&pD ,E&m;eJ@yJ zdESdyfcH&w,fqdkwmudkyJ cHpm;&ygw,f? 'ga=umifh orRw OD;odef;pdeftpdk;&ukdvnf; t,kHt=unf r&Sdygbl;? wHv#yfukd a&vkd@ xifaeolawGukdvnf; pdwfr0ifpm;ygbl;? jynfolvlxk}uD; pdwf0ifpm;wmu olwdk@vnfukyfay: cGpD;aewJh 2008 tajccHOya' o&zl aqmif;xm;wJh ppftm%m&Sip f epfe@J ppfAsLku d a&pD ,E&m;}uD;ukd b,fvdk cgcsypf&rvJqw dk mygy? J tJ'D vnfuy k c fp G ;D xm;wJh raumif; qkd;0g;udk cgcsypfEdkifrS wu,fh+idrf;csrf;a&;/ wu,fh'Drkdua&pD/ wu,fhjynfaxmifpk/ wu,fhwef;wlr_/ wu,fhzGH@+zdK;r_awG &&SdEkdifr,fqkdwm tawG@t}uKHt& &Sif;&Sif;jrifxm;vdk@ygyJ?

apmt,fx;l
'DZifbm 13/ 2011?

23

uk, d p hf nf;0ki d ;f xJ r#m;ac:+y;D pnf;xJa&mufrS tjywfacsre _ ;f r,fh OD;ode;f pde& f @J r[mAsL[m

nKdpe d 0 f if;

Eki di fa H &;

ppfvuf0g;}uD;tkyf tpkd;&opf&J@ wESpfajrmufae@tjzpf orRwOD;odef;pdefu &$ef;&$ef;a0 atmif rdef@cGef;acoGm;cJhygw,f? EkdifiHwumukda&m jynfwGif;tiftm;pkawGukdyg tqifhwck txd olw@dk t,ko H i G ;f vk@d &+yD/ yki d +f yD Eki d +f yD/ atmif+yDtxife@J tm;wufoa&m rpm;& 0cref; ajymoGm;wJh rdef@cGef;yg? (jynfolvlxkeJ@ jynfwGif;jynfyu r,kH=unfolawG &Sdaewma=umifh ,kH=unfr_ vkdtyfw,fvkd@ xnfhajymae&ygao;w,f) rleJ@ aysmhaysmif;r_ukd tpyft[yfnDpGm okH;pGJoGm;wJh rdef@cGef;vkd@vnf; qkdEkdifygw,f? rlu 2008 tajccHOya'yg? aysmhaysmif;r_u trsm;pkukd r#m;ac:wJh rufavmufp&m pum;vkH;awGyg? OD;ae0if;/ OD;oef;a&$wkd@&J@ rlukd umuG,fwJh pdwf"mwfrsKd;eJ@ a'gufwmarmifarmif&J@ taysmhqGJ avcsKdaoG;+yD; 1974 tajccHOya'atmufukd qGJoGif;wJhenf;ukd tokH;jyKoGm;wm jzpfygw,f? 'gayrJh tajccHwJhrlu rlrSm;}uD;rkd@ wkdif;jynftwGuf tusKd;rjzpfwJhtjyif tE&m,fjzpfapr,fh rdef@cGef;yg? atmifjrifra _ wG p&ae+yDq+dk yD; olw@dk tpk;d &tzG@J tljrL;ae=uygw,f? OD;ode;f pder f e d @f ce G ;f xJrm S tljrL;wJa h voHawG txif;om; ay:vGia f eygw,f? =unfy h g? ('Drkdua&pDtoGiful;ajymif;a&;ukd zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'eJ@tnD t&Sdeft[kefeJ@taumif txnfazmfaqmif&GufcJh&mrSm 'Duae@ +idrf;csrf;pGm toGiful;ajymif;a&; vrf;a=umif;opfukd pepfwus wnfaqmufEi dk c f +hJ yD jzpfygw,f) wJ? h (u|ea f wmfw@dk &@J toGiu f ;l ajymif;r_udk Burma Spring Myanmar Spring tp&Sw d hJ trnfemr trsK;d rsK;d uifye G ;f wyf cHae&wmukv d nf; u|efawmfwkd@ od&Sdxm;ygw,f? u|efawmfwkd@&J@ wnf+idrfrSefuefwJh toGiful;ajymif;r_tay: EkdifiH wum tokdif;t0kdif;&J@ em;vnfr_awG jrifhrm;vmae+yD jzpfwJhtwGuf ,kH=unfr_awG qifhyGm;ay: vmatmif ) wJh? ('Drkdua&pDtoGiful;ajymif;r_ jzpfpOf[m rdbjynfolrsm;twGuf wpfu,fh ukd *k%, f 0 l rf;ajrmufz, G & f m/ pHerlem om"u jyKzG,& f m atmifjrifwhJ ul;ajymif;r_}uD;yJ jzpfyg w,f) wJ? h &Suz f , G ? f 'Dru dk a&pD ul;ajymif;a&;ukd zG@J pnf;ykt H ajccHe@J tnDqku d wnf;u ppfre S w f hJ b,fvkd 'Drkdua&pDrsKd;rS r[kwfEkdifwm t&Sif;}uD;yg? tajccHtusqkH; zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'eJ@ wjcm; tajccH rlabmifawG rajymif;ao;bJe@J bm 'Dru dk a&pD toGiu f ;l ajymif;a&;rS rjzpfEi dk y f g bl;? xm;awmh? olwkd@ pnf;0kdif;xJukd OD;odef;pdefu b,fvkd r#m;ac:aew,fqkdwmukd t"duxm; ajym vkdygw,f? 24

ol rdef@cGef;ajymwmu v$wfawmfxJrSmyg? v$wfawmfqkdwmu 2008 tajccHOya'ukd aemufcH tjzpf tok;H jyKygw,f? 2008 tajccHOya'ukd a&$uvyfay:wif+yD; txGwt f jrwf OD;xdy& f u G /f uwWy D g teDpeJ@ v$r;f um aemufrm S xm;+yD; ajymwJh rde@f ce G ;f yg? 2008 tajccHOya'ukd aemuf cH xm;+yD;ajymwJh ta,mifaqmif 'Dru dk a&pD avcsKa d t;yg? ta,mifaqmifv@dk ajym&wmu 2008 tajc cH Oya'tay: tajcjyK+yD; ajymwJh tajym/ vkyw f hJ vky& f yfawGqw dk mu tppftrSef 'Dru dk a&pD b,fvr dk S rjzpfEkdifvkd@ygyJ? 2008 tajccHOya'u ppftm%m&Sifpepf om;pOfajr;quf wnfwHha&;twGuf ppftkyfpk u yEMu& f u dk x f m;wmrk@d 'Dru dk a&pD&@J qef@usib f uf jzpfae+yD; 'Dtay:u ajymwJh b,fvp dk um;rsK;d rS 'Drdk ua&pD tawG;tac: tppftrSef r[kwE fi dk y f gb;l ? twdtus ajymygr,f? 2008 tajccHOya'[m 'Dru dk a&pD vk;H 0 r[kwb f ;l ? 'Dru dk a&pDe@J enf;enf;rS rtyfpyfb;l ? rdef@cGef;&J@ tESpfom&ukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; jrifEkdifatmif owfuGif;udpPukd t&if &Sif;ygr,f? v$wfawmfqkdwmu olwkd@&J@ pnf;0kdif;yg? 'Dpnf;0kdif;twGif;rSm armif;cvkwfawG tqifhqifheJ@ owfuGif; jyifxm;ygw,f? yxrqkH; olwkd@*k%f,l0ifhum;pGmeJ@ qef@usifzuftawG;tac:awGukd acsr_ef;zkd@ jyifxm;wJh armif;cvkwfu v$wfawmfukd ppfbufu vuf0g;}uD;tkyfxm;r_ygyJ? ta&twGuft& vuf0g; }uD; tkyfxm;r_u ykdjrifomygw,f? v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fawG&J@ ta&twGufu yxr armif;cvkwfyg? ppfwyfu wrwfom;ae&mawG ajAmif ,lxm;ygw,f? usefwmawGuvnf; t&yf0wf 0wfxm;wJh ppf bufuvlawGeJ@ ppfbufu OD;aqmifzGJ@pnf;xm;wJh }uHh@zGH@ ygwD0ifawGtrsm;pkyg? }uH@zGH@ygwDu b,fol@yg wDv/J b,fou l uki dx f m;ovJ qkw d m txl; &Si;f jyp&m rvka d wmhb;l xifygw,f? 'Dawmh ppfbufu tenf;qk;H 75 &mcki dE f e _ ;f v$r;f rk;d tkyp f ;D xm;wJh v$wa f wmfyg? olw@dk udk qef@usif vmwJh b,ftawG;tac: b,ft,ltq b,ftqkjd yKcsua f wGur dk qkd 'D 75 &mcki dE f e _ ;f ausmf tyki dp f ;D xm;wJh v$wa f wmftrwfawG uae tjywftowftiftm;eJ@ tEkdif,l acsr_ef;ypfvkd@&wm tvGef&Sif;yg w,f? aemuf+yD; 'Dtwkdif;vnf; vkyfae=uwmygyJ? EkdifiHwumeJ@ jynfolvlxkukd t,kHoGif;zkd@ vkdtyfvmrS (aemuf+yD; topf jzpfwnfvm wJh olw@dk tpk;d &ukd 'Dru dk a&pDt&yfom; tpk;d & toGia f qmifjycsiw f hJ tcgusr) S wcsK@d tqkjd yKcsua f wG t Ekdif&atmif olwkd@vlawGu wHcg;ukd [ay;vkduf=uwmyg? 'kwd, armif;cvkwfu tckdiftrm XmeawGukd OD;pD;xm;wJh 0ef}uD;awGyg? ta&;}uD;wJh 0ef}uD; XmeawGukd ppfAkdvfawGeJ@ ppfAkdvfvlxGufawGu csKyfukdif tykdifpD;xm;wmukd owdjyKyg? wwd, armif;cvkwfu umvkH(trsKd;om; umuG,fa&;eJ@ vkH+cKHa&;aumifpD) yg? 'DaumifpDrSm vnf; ppftkyfpku 90 &mckdifE_ef;ausmf vuf0g;}uD; tkyfxm;wmyg? ykd+yD; ta&;ygwJh vuf0g;}uD;tkyfr_rsKd; yg? wki d ;f jynftwGuf wu,f ta&;ygwhJ tajymif;tvJawG v$wa f wmfu wufvm&ifawmifrS 'DumvkH tzGJ@u [ef@wm; acszsufypfvkdufvkd@ &ygw,f? pwkw armif;cvkwu f 2008 tajccH Oya'yg? olw@dk toufb;l vkd olw@dk taotvJ umuG,f aewm 'DtajccHOya'jzpf+yD; olwkd@ pnf;&kH;aewmuvnf; 'DtajccHOya'atmuf 0ifa&mufvma&; jzpfyg w,f? aemufq;Hk armif;cvkwu f awmh umvku H 2008 tajccHOya'ukd uki d +f yD; tm%modr;f a&; jzpfyg w,f? (tm%mrodrf;ygbl;vkd@ olwkd@ xGufajym0Hhaewmu usefwJhtqifhawGuae 2008 tajccHOya'ukd olwkd@umuG,fxm;Ekdif+yDvkd@ tykdifwGufxm;vkd@yg/ olwkd@ppftkyfpk tusKd;pD;yGm;ukd wu,fwrf; +cdrf;ajcmuf vm+yDqkd&if tm%modrf;zkd@ 0efav;rSm r[kwfyg?) 'Darmif;cvkwfawGu tay:,H ta&cGHajymif;xm;wJh olwkd@ppftm%m&Sifpepfukd umuG,fa&; armif;cvkwfawGygyJ? 'Darmif;cvkwfawGeJ@ ppftm%m&Sifpepfukd qef@usifwJh tawG;tac:awG/ tqkdjyK wifjycsufawG/ v_yf&Sm;r_awGukd taoxk acsr_ef;ypfrSmyg? 'Dvkd jyifqifxm;r_tay:rSmvnf; olwkd@u ,kH 25

=unfpw d c f sr_ &Sa d eygw,f? auseyftm;&r_ &Sa d eygw,f? 'Dvdk jzpfvmatmifvnf; 2010 vdrn f mnpfywf wJh a&G;aumufyGJtygt0if ESpfwcsKd@ olwkd@ }uKd;pm;vmcJh&wmukd;? tckawmh t&yfom;tpkd;& ta&+cKHxm; +yD;+yD/ v$wfawmfukdvnf; ukd,fhtiftm;eJ@ tykdifpD;xm;+yDqkdrS ukd,fhpnf;0kdif;xJ 0ifvmatmiftjyifxGuf+yD; r#m;ac: vkduf/ 0ifvmrSmukd pnf;0kdif;xJu 'l;ESH@+yD; apmifhaevkduf vkyfygw,f? 'Dpnf;0kdif;xJukd OD;odef;pdef r#m;ac:aewmrSm tjrifomqkH;udpPu xm0& +idrf;csrf;a&; azmfaqmifa&; t wGuf tqifh(3)qifhqkdwmyJ jzpfygw,f? (OD;odef;pdeftpkd;&u oabmw&m;a&;t&a&m/ vufawG@t&yg taumif txnf razmfEkdifwJhxm0& +idrf;csrf;a&;qkdwmukd avvkH;xGm;+yD; ajymoGm;vkdufygao;w,f? a&&SnftmrcH csuf&SdwJh +idrf;csrf;a&;ukdom wkdif;jynfu azmfaqmif}uKd;yrf;oGm;&rSm jzpfygw,f) 'kwd, tqifhukdyJ azmfjyygr,f? ('kwd,tqifhuawmh jynfaxmifpktqifhyJ jzpfygw,f? 'DtqifhrSm aqG;aEG;&r,fhtcsufawGuawmh jynfaxmifpk uae b,fawmhrS cGr J xGuz f @dk / 'k@d wm0ef ta&;ok;H yg;ukd vufcz H @dk / pD;yGm;a&;eJ@ zG@H +zKd;a&;vkyi f ef;rsm;wGif ESpz f uf yl; aygif;aqmif&Gufzkd@/ rl;,pfaq;0g;eJ@ pdwfukd ajymif;vJapwwfwJh aq;0g;rsm; wkdufzsufa&; yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufzkd@/ EkdifiH a&;ygwDrsm; xlaxmif+yD; EkdifiHa&;vkyfief;pOfwGif yg0ifaqmif&Gufzkd@/ v$wfawmfwGif; a&muf&Sdvmv#if tjcm;aom wkdif;&if;om;rsm;ESifh taustvnf aqG;aEG;ndE_dif;+yD; zGJ@pnf;ykH tajccHOya' jyifqifzkd@/ zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'eJ@tnD wckwnf;aom vufeufukdif wyfrawmftjzpf &yfwnfa&; ndE_dif;aqmif&Gufzkd@) qkdygvm;? vufeufui dk f wki d ;f &if;om;tzG@J tpnf;awGe@J usew f i dk ;f &if;om;awG&@J qENu jynfwi G ;f ppf Eki di fa H &;jy\emukd pm;yG0 J i dk ;f rSm wef;wl&nfwl awG@qa Hk qG;aEG;zk@d yg? r[muk%meJ@ OD;ode;f pdef zGia hf y;xm;wJh wHcg;u olw@dk owfui G ;f jyif xm;wJh v$wa f wmf pnf;0ki d ;f xJuy dk g? yxrtqifh typftcwf &yfpa J &;umvrSmuky d J tcse d f trsm;}uD; =umygvr dr hf ,f? Eki di fa H &;ygwD zG@J pnf;cse d u f s&ifvnf; vufeufui dk t f zG@J tpnf;u Eki di fa H &;ygwD wku d f u dk z f @JG v@dk r&bl;qk+d yD; t&yfom;toGif ajymif;cki d ;f rSmrk@d tcse d t f rsm;}uD; xyf=umvdrr hf ,f? txpftaiga h wG trsK;d rsK;d vky=f uOD;rSmyg? 'DtwGi;f rSm wki d ;f &if;om; tzGJ@tpnf;awG tiftm;enf;oGm;a&;eJ@ +zKdcGJa&;awG enf;rsKd;pkH okH;+yD; vkyfOD;rSm jzpfygw,f? 'DtzGJ@awG EkdifiHa&;ygwD zG@J vm&ifvnf; a&G;aumufyJG tEki dr f &atmif enf;rsK;d pkH ok;H +yD; npfO;D rSmyg? v$wa f wmfxJ a&mufom G ;&ifawmh olw@dk u ykdif+yDaygh? aemuf+yD; jynfaxmifpktqifhrSm aqG;aEG;&r,fh tcsufawGukd tay:pD;,l+yD; owfrSwfxm;ygao;w,f? }uKdwifuef@owfcsufawG vkyfxm;wmyg? b,fvkdrS vGwfvyf+yD; w&m;r#wwJh/ wef;wl&nfwl&SdwJh aqG;aeG;r_rsKd; jzpf rvmEkdifygbl;? aemufqkH;uawmh wckwnf;aom vufeufukdifwyfrawmf qkd+yD; olwkd@vufatmufcHwyfawG vkyfypfvkdufrSmygyJ? 'geJ@twl olwkd@ajymwJh (xm0& +idrf;csrf;a&;) qkdwmvnf; typftcwf &yfpJa&;ukd tcsdefqGJ+yD; 2008 Oya'abmifxJ usKH;oGif;a&;uvGJvkd@ wjcm; bmrS r[kwfbl;qkdwm }uKdwifwGufqxm;vkd@ &ygw,f? e0w etz tpkd;&&J@ tcsdefqGJenf;eJ@[efjyvkyfcJhwJh twkta,mif+idrf;csrf;a&;eJ@ xl;rjcm;em;ygyJ? aemufwck olwkd@pnf;0kdif;xJa&mufatmif usKH;oGif;vkdufwmuawmh trsKd;om; jyefvnf aygif;pnf; nD nGwfa&;/ xm0&+idrf;csrf;a&; aqmif=uOf;a&;pwJh EkdifiHa&;vkyfief;pOf qkdwmygyJ? jrefrmhEkdifiHa&;vkyfief;pOfrSm yg0if oifh yg0ifxu dk f yg0ifEi dk o f a l wGtm;vk;H yg0ifci G& hf a dS &; qkw d hJ All Inclusive Political Process ukd u|ea f wmfw@dk }uKd; yrf; wnfaqmufcy hJ gowJ? h 'g[m v$wa f wmfwi G ;f 0ifa&mufa&;ukd ne;f qka d ewmom jzpfygw,f? (jynfwi G ;f Eki di fH a&;tiftm;pk tm;vkH;[m tajccHOya' rlabmiftwGif;uae 'Drkdua&pDusifhpOfawGukd vkdufemusifhokH;+yD; jynfol@ ukd,fpm;vS,fawGtjzpf yg0ifaqmif&GufEkdifzkd@ pdwftm;xufoefpGm }uKd;yrf;vm=uwmukdvnf; 0rf;ajrmufzG,f&m jrifawG@ae&+yD) wJh? tusOf;om;awG v$wfwmukdu yGifhyGifhvif;vif;ajym&&if =um;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJrSm tm;vkH; yg 0ifcGifh&apa&;wJh? EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGtygt0if tm;vkH;aom EkdifiHa&; tiftm;pkawGukd ol@ v$wfawmfxJ r#m; ac:aewm &Sif;vSygw,f? v$wfawmfwGif; a&muf&if olwkd@tusKd;pD;yGm; qef@usifwJh tqkdjyKcsufawG 26

t,ltqawGukd olwkd@&J@ jyifqifxm;wJh tiftm;eJ@ y,fcs+yD; trsm;oabmrwlvkd@ v$wa f wmfu twnfjyKvufcE H i dk jf cif; r&Sy d g bl; qk+d yD; vkyv f u dk r f m S yg? olw@dk tusKk ;d pD;yGm; odyfrxdcdkufwJh tqkdjyKcsufawG t,l tqawGavmufukdom vufcHtwnfjyKay;rSm jzpfygw,f? EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkawGukd olwkd@ jzpfapcsifwmu olwkd@wnfaqmufxm;wJh tiftm;eJ@ acsr_ef;vkd@&wJh v$wfawmfwGif; EkdifiHa&;ygyJ? v$wfawmfwGif;a&muf&if olwkd@ vuf0g;}uD;tkyfxm;wJh tiftm;awGeJ@ 0kdif;zdxm;=urSmomru 2008 tajccHOya'qkdwmeJ@vnf; olwkd@u zdxm;OD;rSmyg? (2008 tajccHOy a'&J@ t"du ruswJh tcsufawGavmufom olwkd@u tav#mhay;xm;wmyg) OD;odef;pdef&J@ rdef@cGef;xJrSmukd 2008 tajccHOya'ukd wkdifwnfajym =um;wJhpum;awG rkd;r$efaeygw,f? 'Drkdua&pD acwfopf pepfopfwJh? ,kH=unf=uygovm;? zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOy a'ukd A[kdjyK+yD;vkd@ OD;odef;pdef txl;jyK+yD; ajymoGm;wmukd em;v#rf;rsufpdv#rf; rjzpf=uygeJ@? 'Drkdua&pD toGiful;ajymif;a&;qkdwmuvnf; zGJ@pnf;ykH tajccHOya'eJ@tnDygwJh? ol@&J@ 'Drkd ua&pDokyfrSefukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; zGifh[jyvkdufwJh pum;uawmh 'Drkdua&pD toGiful; ajymif;a&;&J@ ydnmOf rlabmif}uD;jzpfwJh zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'rSm tm%m(3) &yfukd tnD tr# cGa J 0ay;xm;wm jzpfygw,f qkw d mygy? J ppfbufe@J ol@aemufawmfygawG tm%m tnD tr# cGJa0xm;wmuvGJvkd@ wjcm; bmrSr[kwfygbl;? 2008 tajccHOya'u ydnmOf rlabmif}uD; vkyfxm;wJhtxJu b,fvkd ppfrSefwJh 'Drkdua&pDrsKd; xGufvmrSmwJhvJ? v,form;awG rw&m; ajr,mtvkt,ufcHae&csdef/ 'kuQEGHxJ tvl;tvJ epfrGef; ae&csdefrSm/ aemuf+yD; v,form;awGu v,form;or*~awGukd ukd,fhbmom zGJ@pnf;zkd@ jzpf vmwJhtcsdefrSm ac|;odyfwJhtaeeJ@ v,form;or*~awG/ tvkyform;or*~awG/ trsKd;om; pme,fZif;aumifpDawG pepfwus zGJ@pnf;a&;ukd xnfhoGif;ajym=um;oGm;ygw,f? pepf wusqkdwmu olwkd@tpDtpOftwkdif; zGJ@pnf;zkd@yg? rqvacwfu tvkyform;aumifpD/ v,form;aumifpD/ pmayvkyfom; qkdwmrsKd; jzpfvmrSmyJ qkdwmu aA'ifar;r=unfhbJ od Eki dw f hJ udpy P g? olre d @f ce G ;f wckv;Hk ukd Rule of Law qkw d hJ pum;vk;H ukd t}udr}f udrf ok;H +yD; xde;f csKyf oGm;ygw,f? ol@&@J Rule of Law u jynfoa l wG vkv d m;wJh ppfre S w f hJ w&m;Oya'pepfe@J ppf rSew f hJ w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&; r[kwy f gb;l ? olw@dk ppfvuf0g;}uD;tkyf v$wa f wmft&yf&yfu a&; qG/J 'D Oya'eJ@tnD olw@dk tpk;d &u tkyc f sKyfr,fqw dk hJ Rule of Law qkw d m[m jynfoa l wGudk zdEy dS c f sKyfcs,r f ,fh Oya'yJ qkw d m rSe;f q=unfv h @dk &ygw,f? 'D Rule of Law qkw d m}uD;eJ@ jynfoltay: t&dyfvkdrkd;xm;+yD; ajcmufvSef@zdESdyfxm;rSmyg? tvdrftnmpum;awG jrLqG,fwJh pum;awGeJ@ &ufoDxm;wJh ol@rdef;cGef;rSm a0zef zGifhcsp&mawG waxG;}uD;yg? a0zefzGifhcsolawGuvnf; zGifhcsaeyg+yD? odomxif&Sm;wJh tvdrf tnm pum;wcGef;ukdyJ Oyrmay;yg&apawmh? jrefrmjynfolw&yfvkH; odxm;wJh udpPyg? rd bjynfolrsm;u ,kH,kH=unf=unf av;av;eufeuf tyfESif;vmwJh wm0efawGwJh? jynfol vlxu k a&G;aumufwifajrmufvu dk w f hJ jynfo@l tusK;d xrf;aqmif&r,fh jynfo@l tpk;d & wJ? h u|efawmfwkd@ukd ,kH,kH=unf=unfeJ@ EkdifiHawmftkyfcsKyfr_tm%mukd tyfESif; vkdufw,fwJh? jynfou l ,k=H unfv@dk wifajrmufv@dk tpk;d & jzpfvmwmvm;? a&G;aumufyr JG m S rJvr d n f pfywf AkdvfustEkdifusifh wufvmwm r[kwfvm;? &SufzG,f? ? nd K pd e f 0 if ; 27

ynma&;

vda k ewmu qifaumif=uD;avmuf ukv d i d_ f

tckusi;f yaewJh v$wa f wmftpnf;ta0;rSm ynma&;eJ@use;f rma&; bwf*sut f oH;k p&dwa f wG wd;k ay;r,f=um;vd@k tawmf0rf;omvdkufrdygw,f? 'gayrJh wdk;ay;zdk@ v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;udkwifwJh yrm%udkawG@vdkuf&awmh tawmfav; pdwfysufoGm;rdygw,f? tckvmr,fhESpftwGuf ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk +yD;cJhwJhESpf bwf*sufxuf2q/ usef;rma&;twGuf awmh 4q wd;k r,fv@kd ajymwmyg? wu,fvt kd yfaewJh yrm%u ynma&;a&m use;f rma&;rSmyg 'gx h uf tqaygi;f rsm; pGm vda k ewmyg? 'gawmif &r& raocsmao;ygb;l ? t+idr;f pm; ynma&;rSL;wOD;u ynma&;toH;k pm;&dwr f m S tvGef enf; yg;aea=umif;/ wdkif;jynf&J@ ynma&;toHk;pm;&dwfudk vuf&Sd oHk;aewmxuf tq 20avmuf xyfwdk;ay;zdk@vdka=umif;/ v$wfawmftrwfawGtaeeJ@ }udK;pm; awmif;qdk ay;apvdka=umif; tifwmAsL;wckrSm ajymoGm;cJhygao;w,f? 'Dae@acwftcgudk *vdkb,fvdkufaZ;&Sif;acwf/ ynmacwf ponfjzifh owfrSwf ac:a0:ae=uwmyg? trSefygbJ/ wdi k ;f jynfcsi;f ,SO& f if enf;ynmjrifw h hJ edi ki fa H wGu enf;ynmedrw hf hJ Edi ki fa H wGukd ausmw f ufom G ;=urSmyg? wdi k ;f oljynfom;awG ynmwwfawGjzpf=uygrS wdkif;jynfwckvHk;taeeJ@ ynma&csdefjrifhwJh wdkif;jynf/ enf;ynmtqifhtwef;jrifhrm;wJh wdkif;jynf wjynf jzpfvmrSmyg? Edi ki fo H m;awG ynmwwfawGjzpfvmzd@k / ynma&cse d f jrifv h mzd@k q& kd if oltvdv k a kd wmh jrifr h vmEdi ky f gb;l ? Edi ki fa H wmf&@J ynma&;tay:rSm xm;wJo h abmxm;/ Edi ki fa H wmf&@J ynma&; bwf*suf toH;k p&dwe f @J pDrc H ef@cr GJ w _ @kd u ta&;t}uD;qHk; ae&mrSm&Sdygw,f? EdkifiHawmf&J@ ynma&;bwf*suftoHk;p&dwfu vdktyfwmxuf avsmhenf;aevdk@&Sd&if 'Dwdkif;jynf[m b,fvdkrSynma&;a&csdef jrifhrvmEdkifygbl;? ynma&;toHk;p&dwf renf;ayr,fh tkyfcsKyfwJhtpdk;&&J@ pDrH cef@cJGr_nHhzsif;&ifvnf; wdkif;jynf&Jhynma&; jrifhrvmedkifygbl;? 62ckESpf tm%mrodrf;cifu jrefrmEdkifiH&J@ynma&;tqifhtwef;[m ta&S@awmiftm&SrSmtawmftwef jrifhrm; wJh tqifhtwef;rSm &SdcJhygw,f? 1964 rSm olwdk@&J@ qdk &S,fvpfpepfeJ@udkufnDatmif ynma&;pepfopfvdk@ au;a=umf+yD; ynma&;pepfudk olwdk@xifovdk ajymif;vJypf=uygw,f? olwdk@&J@twkta,mif qdk&S,fvpfpepfatmufrSm jrefrmh ynma&;pepf&J@ tqifhtwef;vnf; ,drf;,dkif+yKdvJoGm;cJh&ygw,f? wdi k ;f jynfukd tkyc f sKyfrif;vkyw f hJ tkyp f ;kd olvw l ef;pm;&J@ jynfov l x l t k ay:rSm xm;wJh oabmxm;uvnf; wdi k ;f jynf &J@ynma&;tay:rSm }uD;rm;pGm *,ufkdufcwfEkdifygw,f? 88ta&;tcif;}uD;jzpf+yD;awmh ausmif;om;awGa=umifh 'Dta&; tcif;}uD; jzpfym G ;w,fv@kd t,lp+GJ yD; ausmif;om;awG vlrpkra d pa&; vlpc ka GJ &;twGuf pDru H e d ;f cs+yD; ppftpd;k &u aqmif&u G f cJw h myg? wuUov kd a f wGukd +rKd@xr J m S rxm;awmhbJ +rKd@jyifawGukd yd@k vu kd y f gawmhw,f? +rKd@jyifqv kd @kd +rKd@e@J eD;eD;em;em;r[kwy f gb;l ? +rKd@e@J tawmfukd tvSr;f a0;wJh v,fui G ;f jyif uGi;f acgia f cgia f wG qDukd yd@k vu kd w f myg? 'Dae@ r=umc% =um;odawG@jrifae&wJh 28

ausmif;um;cawG aps;}uD;vd@k ausmif;om;awG r=umc% qENjyae=uwmawG[m ppftpd;k &&J@ tJ' h v D y k & f yfa=umifh xGufay:vm&wJh qdk;usKd;awGyg? &4/ 75 ta&;tcif;awG rjzpfcifu wuUodkvfawG aumvdyfawG 'Davmuf rrsm;ao;ygbl;? 74/75 ta&;tcif;awGjzpf+yD;awmh ausmif;om;awGudk vlpkcJGwJhtaeeJ@ a'oaumvdyfawG ay:vmygw,f? 88 ta&;tcif; jzpf+yD;wJa h emufrm S vnf; Edi ki ft H EH@HS +rKd@}uD;wdi k ;f vdv k r kd m S wuUov kd a f wG aumvdyf awG ay:vm&wm[mvnf; tJ' h t D awG;tac:eJ@ vky& f yf&@J tusKd ;qufawGyg? topfay:vmwJh wuUov kd a f wG aumvdyfawG qdkwmuvnf; rsm;aomtm;jzifh emrnfcH tjzpfavmufyJ aqmufay;wmyg? paqmufcgpu uGif;acgifacgif v,fuGif;jyifxJrSm opfom;eJ@wef;vsm;awG xdk;ay;+yD; wuUodkvfvdk@ qdkif;bkwfcsdwf+yD; ausmif; om;awGukd wufci kd ;f cJw h myg? tck tESp2 f 0avmufaerS enf;enf;avmuf vlvo l o l l jzpfvmwmyg? 'gawmif wcsKd@a'oawGu wuUodkvfqdkwJh taqmufttHkawGu tcktcsdeftxd olrsm;EdkifiHu rlvwef;ausmif; avmufawmif tqif& h w dS m r[kwy f gb;l ? ausmif;om;awG ynmwwfawGa=umifh 'Dvdkta&;tcif;awGjzpf&w,f qdkwJh usOf;ajrmif;wJhtjrifeJ@ ppftpdk;&&J@ ,kwfnHhodrfzsif;vSwJh aemufxyfvkyf&yf wckuawmh t&yfbuf wuUodkvfawG aumvdyfawGudk taqmufttH/k oif=um;r_ taxmuftulypPn;f / q&m q&mr/ ausmif;wnfae&m taetxm;awGu tp tqift h wef; edru hf sapatmif wrifzefw;D jyD; ppfbufqi kd & f m wuUov kd r f sm;udk taumif;wumh taumif;qH;k taqmufttHkawG/ q&mq&mrawG/ abmf'gaqmifawG/ vcawG axmufyHhr_trdsK;rsdK;awG ay; jyD; ppfwyf rsdK;qufopfawGudk arG;xkwfzdk@ vkyfaqmifcJh=uygw,f? 'gayrJh olwdk@ 'gavmuf jynfhjynfhpHkpHkeJ@ ppf wyf ynmwwf r sd K ;quf o pf a wG arG ; xk w f z d k @ }uKd ; pm;wJ h = um;u ar+rKd @ ppf b uf q d k i f & m enf ; ynmwuU o d k v f ausmif;om;awG&J@ &J&ifhajymifajrmufvSwJh qef@usifr_awGudk }uHKawG@cJh=u&+yD; renf; }uKd;pm;+yD; ESdrfeif;cJh=u &wmyg? 'Dae@ jrefrmjynfu bJG@&wJh ynmwwfawGudk urBmay:rSm b,fEdkifiHurS todtrSwf rjyK=uygbl;? urBmtv,frSm jrefrmynmwwfawG rsufESmi,fae=u&wm[m ppftpdk;&&J@ ,kwfrmyufpufwJh t}uHqdk; t}uH,w k a f =umifh jzpfae&wmvd@k ajym&if vGer f ,frxifygb;l ? +yD;cJw h E hJ p St f xd ppftpd;k &&J@ ynma&;toH;k p &dw[ f m 4&mcdkifE_ef; ausmfHkom &SdcJhwmyg? ppftoHk;p&dwfusawmh 23&mcdkifE_ef;txd oHk;pJGxm;ygw,f? 'gawmif wjcm;0ef}uD;XmeawG acgif;pOfatmufrSm ppfwyftoHk;pm;&dwfawG b,favmuf&SdaeOD;r,fqdkwm b,folrS twd t us rajymEd k i f = uygbl ; ? aocsmwmu umuG , f a &;toH k ; p&d w f [ m w&m;0if a=unmxm; wJ h toH k ; p&d w f x uf yrm% trsm;}uD ; yd k w ,f q d k w mygyJ ? ,cif E S p f a wG w k e f ; u u|rf ; usif o l y nm&S i f a wG & J @ cef@rSef;csufawGu wdkif;jynfbwf*suf wckvHk;&J@ 40 rS 60 &mcdkifE_ef; txd&SdEdkifw,fvdk@ qdk=uwmyg? ppfwyf ydkif OD;ydkifvdrdwufu &&SdwJh tusdK;tjrwfawGxJuae ppfAdkvfcsKyfawG abmif;bDtdwfxJ xdk;xnfhxm;wm awG rygao;ygbl;? ppfwyfu vlxkudk tEdkifusifhwJhenf; vk,ufwJhenf;awGu&wJh tusdK;pD;yGm;awG xnfhr wGuf&ao;ygbl;? ae&ma'orsdK;pHkrSm yHkomefrsdK;pHkeJ@ ppfwyf&J@ tEdkifusifhvk,ufr_ qufa=u;awmif;r_rsm; [m 'Dae@'Dtcsdeftxd r=um;csiftqHk; rjrifcsiftqHk;yg? 29

ynma&; toHk;pm;&dwf enf;yg;&jcif;&J@ qdk;usdK;awGuawmh ajymvdk@rukefatmif rsm;jym;vSyg w,f? ynma&;avmuom;rsm;&J@ b0&yfwnfr_uae wdkif;jynf&J@ ynma&;tqifhtwef;/ wdkif;jynf&J@ zHG@ +zKd;wd;k wufr/_ aemufq;kH wdi k ;f jynf&@J *% k o f u d m Q usqif;&r_txd xdcu kd r f a _ wGu jyif;xefvy S gw,f? 'Dvx kd c du kd w f hJ txJrSm ynma&;avmu&J@ ta&;t=uD;qHk;vdk@ ajym&r,fh acwftqufquf wynfhawGtay:rSm 0goem/ apwem/ tepfemqdw k hJ emoH;k emeJ@ arwWma&S@xm;+yD; ynmoifay;cJ=h uwJh q&mq&mrawG tay:rSm xdcu kd w f hJ kdufcwfr_uawmh qdk;0g;jyif;xefvSovdk tkyfvnf; qdk;vSygw,f? ynma&; toHk;pm;&dwf enf;yg;r_&J@ qdk;usdK;awGudk wwdkif;jynfvHk;u cH=u&wmvdk@ qdkEdkifayr,fh tjyif;xefqHk; cHpm;=u&wmu r&Sdqif;&Jom;awGyg? tJ'DtxJrSmrS tqdk;wumh tqdk;qHk;'%fudk cHpm;=u &wmuawmh aus;vufjynfoa l wGyg? aus;vufu ae&mwdi k ;f rSm ausmif;awG rjynfp hy kH gb;l ? &Gmwdi k ;f rlvwef; ausmif;&Sa d ewm r[kwy f gb;l ? tv,fwef; txufwef;uav;awGtwGuq f kd ydq k ;kd ygw,f? 5rdi k f avmufa0;wJh ausmif;udk pufbD;vnf;r&Sdvdk@ reuf 7 em&Drxdk;cifuwnf;u &GmuxGuf+yD; vrf;avsSmuf oGm;=u&wJh uav;awG awG@z;l ygw,f? vrf;avsm S uf=uw,fqw kd muvnf; vrf;k;d twdi k ;f oGm;&if =umaerSmpd;k vd@k jzwfvrf; v,fui G ;f awGukd jzwfom G ;=uwmyg? tcef@roif& h if yd;k aumifrm $ ;aumif (aus;vufrm S tqdy& f w dS a hJ rudk arvd@k wdu k f ku d f rajym=u roH;k =uyg) udu k r f v d @kd toufq;kH _;H Edi ky f gao;w,f? &efue k r f m S =uufiu S w f y k a f uG; tE&m,f&p dS Ofu &efue k u f emrnf=uD; ausmif;wdi k ;f vdv k r kd m S ausmif;ol ausmif;om;awG ESmacgif;pnf;awGpnf;=u&ygw,f? ESmacgif;pnf;udk wcsdK@u zuf&Sifvdkvkyf+yD; wwfEdkif&if wwfEi kd o f vdk yHp k t H rsKd ;rsKd ; pnf;=uygw,f? tJ'u D mvwke;f u aus;vufu rlvwef;ausmif;awGrm S uav;awG [m bmwkyfauG;rS rod em;rvnf=uygbl;? vl}uD;rdbawGuvnf; rod=uygbl;?q&m q&mrawGuvnf; bmrS rajym=uyg? ajymvnf; uav;awGu vdkufrvkyfEdkifygbl;? uav;awGu ylqm&ifvnf; vl}uD;awG atmf w maiguf w myJ cH = u&rS m yg? ausmif ; om; 100 rS m 10 a,muf j ynf h a tmif ausmif ; 0wf p H k 0wfEdkif=uwmr[kwf ygbl;? uav;awG trsm;pku abxkyfyHkawGxJu rdbawG0,fay;wJh raxmfreef; udk;&dk;um;&m; t0wfa[mif; awGyJ 0wfjyD; ausmif;wuf=u&wmyg? ESpfcsdK@ *sme,fta[mif; wapmifrSm &efukefu '*Hk txu(1) rHk@pm;ausmif;v$wfcsdef ausmif;om; awG rke@f qi kd a f wGrm S rke@f 0,fpm;aewJh yHw k yHk awG@z;l ygw,f? '*Hk txu(1) qdk wm &efue k +f rdK@&@J txufwef;v$m&J@ txufu vlwef;pm;awG&@J om;orD;awG xm;wJa h usmif;yg? rqvacwfuqdk OD;ae0if; om;orD;awG xm;cJw h hJ ausmif;yg? tJh'DyHkrSmygwJh ausmif;om;av;awG tm;vHk;[m opfvGifawmufyaewJh ausmif;0wfpHkav;awGudk aooyfusepGm 0wfpm;xm;=uygw,f? xl;jcm;wmu a,mufsm;av;awG tm;vHk;vdkvdk[m vnfyif;rSm euf u wd k i f v d k @ ac:wJ h a=umif v #moD ; av;awG u d k vS v S y y qJ G x m;=uygw,f ? aps;a&mif ; aewJ h aps;onfawGuvnf; pm;aomufzG,f&mawGudk rSeftkyfaqmif;awGeJ@ tkyfxm;jyD; olwdk@ukd,fwdkifuvnf; pm;zdkrSK;0wfpHkawGudk ususee 0wfqifa&mif;csaewmudk awG@&ygw,f? 'DyHkudk=unfhjyD; &Gmu uav;awGudk 30

jyef=unfv h u kd a f wmh ausmif;a&S@u ukuKU y d ifatmufrm S rke@f yo J a&pmav;awGukd paumav;awGe@J xnfa h &mif;aewJh aps;onf a v; awG u d k y J ol w d k @ tm;xm; p&m&d S y gw,f ? rk e f @ zd k ; uvnf ; wae@50usyf a wmif uav;wdkif;ygwmr[kwfygbl;? yg vmwJh rkef@zdk;udk oli,fcsif;awGvnf; rSsau|;vdk@&atmif udk,fvnf;=um=um pm;vd k @ &atmif uav;awG 0,f p m;wwf w J h rk e f @ wrsd K ;uawmh ref u snf ; aph a vS m f y g? ref u snf ; aph a vS m f u 50zd;k 2xky& f ygw,f? wxkyr f m S taph 20 cef@ ygwwfygw,f? refusn;f aphavSmw f aphukd 0g;+yD; rsKd csv@kd &wJt h cse d t f xd tenf;qH;k 15rdepfavmuf 0g;,l&ygw,f? 'Dawmh uav;awGtwGuf wGua f jc udu k w f mayg? h +rKd@ay:u emrnf}uD;ausmif;awGrSmawmh uav;awG ausmif;wufrysufwwf=uyg? ausmif;rysufatmif tdrfu vl}uD;awGuvnf; *kwpdkuf&Sd=uovdk ausmif;awGuvnf; ausmif;pnf;urf;eJ@ =uyfrwfxm;=uygw,f? ausmif; wufvnf;rysu/f usL&Siv f nf; rysu/f pmusuv f nf;rysu? f 'Dawmh emrnf}uD;ausmif;awG atmifcsuf aumif;=u ygw,f? uav;awGuvnf; *k%fxl;awG woD}uD;eJ@pmar;yGJatmif=uwm rqef;yg? &Gmu uav;awGrSmawmh xrif;csdKifhxnfhzdk@ [if;r&Sdvdk@ ausmif;roGm;&ol/ pufbD;aygifxm;vdk@ ausmif;roGm;Edkifol/ v,fxJtvkyf&Sdvdk@ ausmif;zsuf&ol/ tdrfuEGm; ausmif;r,fholr&Sdvkd@ EGm;ausmif; xGuf&wJh uav;/ EGm;ausmif;oGm;wJu h av;eJ@ tazmfvy k z f @kd ausmif;rwufol ponfjzifh ausmif;wufysu& f wJh uav;awG rsm;vSygw,f? rlvwef; uav;awG&@J w0ufausma f usma f vmufu tv,fwef;xd a&mufrvm=uygb;l ? i,fi,f&, G & f , G f ausmif;om;t&G,fav;awG nbuf zm;kdufxGuf&if;/ v,fxJuGif;xJ tvkyfvkyf&if; ydk;xdvdk@ qHk;yg;oGm;&wJh uav;awGvnf; renf;vSyg? +rKkd@awGay:u vufzuf&nfqdkif pm;aomufqdkifawGudk uav;pm;yJGxdk;tjzpf a&mufoGm;=uwmuvnf; rsm;vSygw,f? e,fpyfudkydk@ a&mif;pm;cH&wm/ uav;ppfom;tjzpf qJGtoGif; cH&wmawGuvnf; rk;d Edi kw f o hJ wif;awG jzpfaewmyg? 'Dvjkd zpf&wJh uav;awGxr J m S '*Ht k xu(1)vd/k ynma&; wuUodkvfu wDwDpDausmif;vdk vlcsrf;omawG&J@ om;orD;awGwufwJh ausmif;rsdK;u uav;awG rygwmawmh aocsmygw,f? aus;vufu jynfoa l wG qif;&Jra GJ wvGe;f vSygw,f? 'D=um;xJ ynma&;toH;k pm;&dwu f enf;vGe;f vSawmh awmu uav;awG t wG u f ynma&;eJ @ tem*wf w nf a qmuf z d k @ qd k w m avxJ w d k u f a qmuf o vd k jzpf a ewmyg? wdkif;jynf&J@ ynma&;toHk;pm;&dwfu qiftaumif}uD;}uD; waumifpmavmuf vdkaewmyg? 'gayrJh tckoHk;aewJh ynma&; toHk;pm;&dwfu qdwfydefav; waumifpmawmif &Sdr,frxifygbl;? tckusif;yaewJh v$wa f wmf tpnf;ta0;rSm trwfrif;awG qdwy f e d a f v;udk azmif;vmatmif b,favmuf avr_wo f i G ;f edi k =f urvJ qdkwmudkawmh apmifh=unfh&tHk;rSmyg?

31

Edi ki fa H wmforRw}uD; OD;ode;f pdeu f aus;vufa'oawG zH@G +zKd;+yD; qif;&Jra GJ wr_awGukd yaysmufatmif vkya f qmifay;r,fv@dk tmrawG c H uwd a wG a y;xm;ygw,f ? 'gayrJ h 'D p um;awG [ m aus;vuf j ynf o l a wG t wG u f qif } uD ; &J @ rpm;& 0cref ; qk d o vk d a wmh rjzpf a pvd k y g?

udv k KSd if
(8-2-201)

rSwfcsuf 'Daqmif;yg;a&;jyD;wJhaemuf v$wfawmfu ynma&;toHk;pm;&dwfudk 2 q wdk;ay;vdkufw,fvdk@ od&ygw,f? wdk;ray;wmeJ@pm&if wdk;ay;wmaumif;ygw,f? =udKqdk&rSmyg? qifaumif}uD;avmuf r&awmif qdwfydefav; 2 aumifpmavmuf&vnf; enf;enf; cHomao;wmaygh?

32

Eki di fa H &;

jynfo@l tusKd ;aqmif=ur,fh vGwa f wmfu, kd p f m;vS,}f uD;rsm;od@k ausmufcJ

vuf&t dS m%m& (etzvlxu G ) f OD;ode;f pdef }uHz h @HG tpd;k &vGwa f wmfxr J m S 2008 tajccHOya'udk xde;f odr;f umuG,f ygr,f/ av;pm;vdkufemygr,fvdk@ 0efcH*wdjyKxm;=uwJh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawGudk a,bk,stm;jzifh ESpfrsdK; ESpfpm;cJGEdkifygw,f? wrsdK;uawmhv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfeJ@ toufarG;0rf;ausmif;=uol/ 0rf;ausmif;vdk =uolawGjzpfygw,f? aemufwrsdK;uawmh wdkif;jynf&J@tajccHjy\em}uD; oHk;&yfjzpfwJh 'Drdkua&pDa&; jynfwGif; +idr;f csr;f a&;/ vlrsKd ;wdi k ;f wef;wl aoG;pnf;wJh jynfaxmifpw k nfaqmufa&; jy\emawGukd v$wa f wmf Edi ki fa H &;enf;eJ@ ajz&Si;f Edi kv f r d r hf ,f? 2008 tajccHOya'udk vGwa f wmf Edi ki fa H &;enf;eJ@ wpwp ajymif;vJypfEi kd v f r d r hf ,fv@kd k;d om;pGm ,H=k unfae=uolrsm; qd+k yD; jzpfygw,f? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fvkyfpm;olrsm;vkyfpm;vdkolrsm;eJ@ ywfoufvdk@awmh ta&;w,l aqG;aEG;p&m r&Sdygbl;? }uHhzGH@v$wfawmfudk aps;uGufwckvdkoabmxm;+yD;/ toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ae=uolrsm;vdk@ rSwf,l vdkuf=uHkom &Sdygw,f? v$wfawmfwGif;uae jynfol@tajccHtusdK;pD;yGm;jzpfwJh 'Drdkua&pDa&; jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; vlrsdK;wdkif; wef;wlaoG;pnf;wJh jynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;jy\emudk wpwp ajz&Sif;Edkifvdrfhr,f/ jynfoltrsm; vuf rcHEdkifwJh 2008 tajccHOya'udk jyKjyifajymif;vJypfEdkifvdrfhr,fvdk@ kd;om;pGm,Hk=unfaewJh v$wfawmfudk,fpm; vS,a f wGe@J ywfoufv@kd uawmh vGwv f yfpm G oabmuGv J c JG i Gu hf kd udi kp f +JG yD;/ av;av;pm;pm; t}uHjyK&r,fv@kd ,l qygw,f? 'D oabmxm;tajccHe@J 'Daqmif;yg;udk a&;ygw,f? OD;pGmtm;jzifh 'Drdkua&pDa&;/ jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;/ vlrsdK;wdkif; wef;wlaoG;pnf;wJh jynfaxmifpk wnf aqmufa&;udk t"du ydwy f if[ef@wm;aewm[m 2008 tajccHOya'jzpfwt hJ wGuf 'DtajccHOya'udk etz ppfty k f pku b,fvt kd ajrmftjrife@J a&;qGc Jo hJ vJqw kd meJ@ 2008 tajccHOya't& 2010 a&G;aumufyr JG m S npfenf;rsKd ;pHo k ;kH +yD; tm%m,lvmwJh OD;odef;pdef}uHHhzGH@tpdk;&&J@ ZmwdZmpfjrpfudk wcsufavmuf iJhapmif;=unfhzdk@ vdkygw,f? 'grSom OD;ode;f pdet f pd;k & vkya f ewJh tajymif;tvJqw kd mawG[m b,fvt kd ajymif;tvJawG jzpfw,fqw kd m tvG,w f ul jrifEdkifrSmyg? etzppfty k p f u k 2008 tajccHOya'udk q,fpE k p S E f p S c fa k vmuftcse d , f +l yD; a&;qGc Jw hJ m&Jh &nf&, G c f suu f ppftkyf pk&JhtaxGaxGtusdK;pD;yGm;udk omefopfeJ@qufvufxdef;odrf;a&;jzpfygw,f? 'Drdkua&pDa&;udk omef opfeJ@ qufvuf uef@owfa&;jzpfygw,f? jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;udk EdkifiHa&;enf;t& rajz&Sif;bJ 2008 tajccH Oya'atmufrSm vufeufcsa&;jzpfygw,f? vlrsdK;wdkif; wef;wlaoG;pnf;wJh jynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;tpm; vlrsdK;}uD;0g' usifhoHk;wJh wjynfaxmifpepf oufqdk;&Snfa&; jzpfygw,f/ 2010 a&G;aumufyGJt& npfenf;rsdK;pHk oHk;+yD; wufvmwJh OD;odef;pdef}uHHhzGH@tpdk;&&Jh wm0ef[m ppftkyfpk&JhtaxGaxGtusdK;pD;yGm; (pD;yGm;a&;/ EdkifiHa&;/ ppfa&;) udk tumtuG,fjyKxm;wJh 2008 tajccHOya'udk tmrcHxdef;odrf;a&; jzpfygw,f? trSefwu,fom ppftkyfpktaeeJ@ wdkif;jynfeJ@wrsdK;om;vHk;tusdK;pD;yGm;udk tajccHw,fqdk&if vGefcJhwJh tESp2 f 0u 1990 jynfh a&G;aumufyJG tEki d& f NLD ygwu D kd tm%mvGa J y;jyD; ppfwyfu ppfwef;vsm; jyefom G; vdu k f y kH gy? J tu,fIom ppfwyfu ol@uwdtwdi k ;f NLD udt k m%mvGa J y;cJr h ,fq& kd if tESpf 20 ausm=f umwJh ckvdktcsdefrsdK;rSm 'Drdkua&pDa&;/ jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;/ vlrsdK;wdkif; wef;wlaoG;pnf;wJh jynfaxmifpk wnfaqmuf a&;pwJh trsKd ;om;jyefvnf oifjh rwfa&; jy\em}uD;udk tajccHt& ajz&Si;f +yD;avmuf+yDv@kd ajymEdi ky f gw,f? 'gt h jyif wdi k ;f jynfvnf; zG@H +zKk;d wd;k wufa&;vrf;ay: pwif avsm S ufvr S ;f aeEdi ka f vmuf+yDv@kd ,lq&ygw,f? wyfrawmfvnf; wrsdK;om;vHk;&Jh ,Hk=unfudk;pm;r_udk jyefvnf&&SdrSm jzpfovdk etzppfacgif;aqmif Adkvfoef;a&$yifvSsif jynf cspfppfAdkvfcsKyf}uD;tjzpf todtrSwfjyKcHae&avmufyg+yD? 'gayrJh etzppftkyfpk[m wrsdK;om;vHk;&J@ tusdK;pD;yGm;udk ypfy,fjyD; ppftkyfpkvufwqkyfpm tusdK; pD;yGm;udkom OD;xdyfxm;cJhygw,f? jynfolw&yfvHk;&J@ qENtusdK;pD;yGm; jzpfwJh NLD udk tm%v$Jay;a&;udk jiif;y,fcJhygw,f? NLD acgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ OF;wifOD;wdk@udkvnf; vkyf}uHowfjzwfzdk@txd }uKd;yrf;cJhygw,f? jywfjywfom;om; acgif;aqmifEdkifwJh OD;0if;wifwdk@vdk acgif;aqmifawGudk ESpf&Snfaxmifcs+yD; NLD ygwDysufoGm;a&;udk tpOfwpdkuf }uKkd;yrf;cJhygw,f? 33

azmfjyygtcsufawGuwqifh odEdkifwmu 2008 tajccHOya'qdkwm jynfol@qENtusdK;pD;yGm;udk qef@usifwJh etz ppftkyfpk(ppfwyft&yf0wf) &J@ taxGaxGtusdK;pD;yGm;udk udk,fpm;jyKumuG,fwJh cHwyf jzpfw,f? OD;odef;pdef }uHhzGH@tpdk;& qdkwm etzppftpdk;&&J@ udk,fyGm;jzpfw,f? tqufjzpfw,f? wu,fu 2008 tajccHOya'qdkwm vlyk*~dKvft&ajym&&if orRw OD;odef;pdeftygt0if ppfAdkvfvlxGufawGeJ@ umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf rif;atmifvd_if&Jh tusdK;pD;yGm;vnf; jzpfw,f? t+idr;f pm; ,lom G ;=u+yD qdw k hJ Adv k o f ef;a&$/ Adv k a f rmifat;wd@k &@J tusKd ;pD;yGm;vnf; jzpfw,f? wcGe;f wnf; ajym&&if ppfty k p f & k @J taxGaxGtusdK;pD;yGm;udk umuG,fxdef;odrf;zdk@ 2008 tajccHOya'udk t"rR twnfjyKxm;wm jzpfw,f? 2008 tajccHOya' r&S& d if ppfty k p f & k @J taxGaxGtusKd ;pD;yGm;qdw k mvnf; tmrcHcsuf &Sa d wmhrm S r[kwb f ;l ? 'ga=umifv h nf; vdt k yfvm&if (tajccHOya' tzsufcH&r,fh tEW&m,f }uHKvm&if) umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf[m EdkifiHawmftm%mudk odrf;,lEdkifw,fvdk@ tajccH Oya'rSm cGifhjyKxm;wmjzpfw,f? tajccHOya'udk tjyif&cufatmif yk'fxD;yk'frawG woD}uD;eJ@ uef@owfcsKyfcs,fxm;wm jzpfw,f? 'Dae&mrSm tav;xm; owdjyK&rSmu OD;odef;pdeftpdk;&[m arG;zcif etzppftkyfpkeJ@ vrf;cGJxGufvm+yDvdk@ ajymEdkif avmufatmif bmoufao taxmuftxm;rS tcdi kt f vHr k &Sb d ;l qdw k hJ tcsuy f J jzpfygw,f? OD;ode;f pdet f pd;k &[m etz ppfty k p f k &J@udk,fyGm; etzppftkyfpk&J@ tqufjzpfw,f qdkwmudkawmh q,fpkESpfawGeJ@csDwJh taxmuftxm;awGeJ@ oufaojyEdkifygw,f? 'ga=umifh OD;odef;pdeftpdk;&&J@ tajymif;tvJawGeJ@ywfouf+yD; tvdkwltvdkyg 0g'jzef@ay;wmrsdK; rvkyfrdzdk@ owd&Sd&vdrfhr,f? wu,fawmh OD;ode;f pdet f pd;k & vkya f ewJh tajymif;tvJawGqw kd m olw@kd tpd;k &[m etzppftpd;k &&J@ tqufr[kw/f ud, k y f m G; r[kwf/ vGwfvGwfu|wfu|wf t&yfom;tpdk;& jzpfae+yD qdkwmudk jyEdkifzdk@ vdrfnmr_awGom jzpfw,f? 2008 tajccHOya'udk rxdyg;bl;qd& k if 'Dxufru r_i d ;f wdu k E f i kd p f r G ;f &Sw d hJ t}uD;pm; rdi _ ;f wdu k r f r _ sKd ;awGua kd wmif vkyv f mEdi k f p&m&Sw d ,f? ppfwyfu w&m;0if tm%modr;f Edi kc fi G& hf a dS ewJt h wGuf r_i d ;f wdu k r f _ ajcvGev f ufve G f jzpfom G ;&ifawmif tm%mudk qufvufxe d ;f xm;Edi kw f ,fqw kd t hJ jrif &SdaeyHk&w,f? Oyrm 1963 ckESpfrSm Adkvfae0if; ppftpdk;&u jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; aqG;aEG;yGJac:+yD; tajctae r[efwJhtcg ol ud, k w f i kd f wzufowf zsuy f pfwmrsKd ; jzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh jynfo@l tajccHtusKd ;pD;yGm;jzpfwhJ 'Dru kd a&pDa&;/ jynfwi G ;f jidr;f csr;f a&;/ vlrsKd ;wdi k ;f wef;wlaoG;pnf;wJh jynf axmifpk wnfaqmufa&;/ 2008 tajccHOya' jyKjyifajymif;vJa&; qdw k mawGukd v$wa f wmfEi kd i fa H &;enf;t& taumif txnfazmfa&;qdw k m tm%m& zufqpftpdk;&udk 'Drdkua&pDpepf usifhoHk;vmatmif pnf;Hk;&wmrsdK; jzpfw,f? ykpGefvHk; &r,ftxifeJ@ ykpGefwGif;xJ vufarmif;wqHk; E_dufrd&mu ykpGefvHk;r&wJhtjyif vufudkawmif tEdkifEdkifqGJxkwf&w,fqdkwJh tjzpfrsdK; }uHKEdkifp&m &Sdw,f qdk wmudkvnf; owdjyK&vdrfhr,f? 'DvdkqdkwJhtwGuf v$wfawmfwGif;wdkufyGJudk uef@uGuf_wfcsaewm r[kwfbl;? vGwfawmfwGif;wdkufyGJwckwnf;udkom tuif;rJh tm;xm;wmrsdK; rjzpfzdk@/ ay:aygufvmEdkifp&m&SdwJh tvkyform;/ v,form;/ ausmif;om;/ +rKd@aeqif;&Jom;/ tr_xrf; pwJh vlwef;pm; vl@tvGmtoD;oD;&J@ v$wa f wmfywdu k y f a JG wG/ wdi k ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;toD;oD;&Jh wef;wla&;wdu k y f a JG wGe@J aygi;f pyfEi kd a f &; tav;xm;oifhw,fvdk@ qdkvdkwm jzpfw,f? Oyrm 1947ckEp S f vGwv f yfa&;wdu k y f u JG mvu wESpt f wGi;f vGwv f yfa&; awmif;qdc k sue f @J ywfouf+yD;/ Adv k f csKyfatmifqef; bdvyfudk oGm;aqG;aEG;aepOf zqyvtzGJ@csKyfomru uGefjrLepfygwDuyg axmufcH+yD;/ tvkyform; taxGaxGoydwf}uD; qifEGJ wmrsdK;/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;&Jh &&if&r&&ifcs qdkwJh au;a=umfoHudk jynfol@&JabmfeJ@ uGefjrLepfygwDu axmufcH+yD;/ tcdkiftrm jyifqifwmrsdK;awG jzpfw,f? ordkif;acwfumveJ@ tcdkiftrmtajctae tcsuftvufawG rwlawmhwJhtwGuf AdkvfcsKyfwdk@&J@ vGwv f yfa&;wku d y fu JG mv tawG@t}uHKawGukd yHa k o ul;cs&r,fv@kd rqdv k b kd ;l ? vuf&o dS rdi k ;f umv&J@ wduswhJ tcdi kt f rm xl;jcm; csufawGeJ@ aygif;pyfa&;om jzpfw,f? v$wa f wmfy vlxw k u kd y fe JG @J uif;uGm&if v$wa f wmfwi G ;f wdu k y fq JG w kd m bmrS jzpfjzpfajrmufajrmuf atmifjrifEi kd p f &m r&Sb d ;l ? tcdi kt f cHh wnfaqmufxm;wJh jynfol qef@usia f &; 2008 tajccHOya'udk jynfov l x l }k uD;w&yfv;kH &Jh v$wa f wmfy wdu k y fo JG mef rsdK;pHkeJ@ raygif;pyfbJ/ v$wfawmfwGif;wdkufyGJwckwnf;eJ@ wdkufzsufypfzdk@qdkwm rjzpfEdkifbl;? 'ga=umifh v$wfawmfwGif; v$wfawmfy wdu k y f2 JG &yf aygi;f pyfa&;udk aqG;aEG;&jcif;jzpfygw,f? }uHz h @HG tpd;k &uawmh ud, k u hf u kd , kd f owfaowJt h vkyf b,fawmhrS vkyr f m S r[kw? f wcse d w f nf;rSm v$wa f wmfwi G ;f wdu k y f 0 JG ifr,fh ud, k p f m;vS,r f sm; owdjyK&r,ft h a&;}uD;tcsuu f v kd nf; axmufjycsiw f ,f? tJ'gu tm%m&tpdk;&u jyKvkyfavh&SdwJh EdkifiHa&;t&vdrfnmr_dif;wdkufrSKeJ@ t=urf;zufzdESdyfr_awGrSm toHk;csrcH=uzdk@yg? qdkvdkwmu tm%m&tpdk;&&J@ vlxkwdkufyGJrsm;ray:a&;/ ay:aygufvmwJh vlxkwdkufyGJrsm;udk tEkenf; t=urf;enf;eJ@ +zKdcGJa&; pwJh vlxkqef@ usifa&;awGrSm toHk;csrcH=ua&; jzpfw,f? wu,fvdk@ toHk;cscH=ur,f/ toHk;cscH&w,fqdk&ifawmh udk,fhwyfudk jyefeif;wJhqif/ udk,fht+rD; udk,fjyefrsdKwJharb0 a&muf=u&rSm rvGJbl;? jzpfcsifwmu jynfol@udk,fpm;vS,f/ wu,fjzpfwmu jynfol@qef@ usifa&;orm;qdkwmrsdK; jzpf=u&vdrfhr,f? v$wfawmftwGif;u jynfol@tusdK;wdkufyGJ0ifr,fh udk,fpm;vS,fawmf}uD;rsm; pOf;pm; =unfh=uzdk@yg? ausmufcJ (27/ 11/2011) 34

Eki di fa H &; wyfrawmftiftm;&Sr dS =unf0if;

wyfrawmftiftm;&SdrS wdkif;jynftiftm;&Sdrnf wJh? ppfty k p f t k qufquf&@J vufo;kH au;a=umfoH jzpfygw,f? 'Dve kd @J ppfwyfukd tiftm;awG tqrwefwdk;csJ@vmcJhwm tckqdk&if tiftm; av;odef;ausmf&SdwJhtxd jzpfvmcJhyg+yD? 'DtwGuf ppfoHk;p&dwfawG b,favmufoHk;cJh=uovJqdkwmudkvnf; ppf tkyp f x k y d o f ;D awGuvGv J @kd b,for l S rodEi kd y f gb;l ? olw@kd xw k jf yefwhJ bwf*suq f w kd mawG uvnf; ,Hk=unfpdwfcs&wm r[kwfygbl;? ydkqdk;wmu Adkvfoef;a&$wdk@vufxufrSm wdkif;jynf&J@ bwf*sufpm&if;udkawmif rxkwfjyefawmhwmygyJ? 2010 a&G;aumufyGJ+yD; vd@k v$wa f wmfpac:awmhrS etzu }udKa&;qGx J m;wJh 2011 - 2012 bwf*sup f m&if; udk jyefawG@&awmhwm jzpfygw,f? 2012 - 13 bma&;ESpt f wGuf bwf*suu f a kd wmh v$wa f wmfu a&;qGJ twnfjyKay;&rSm jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh tck usi;f yaewJh v$wa f wmfrm S umuG,a f &; 0ef}uD; 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD;vSrif;u umuG,fa&;toHk;p&dwfawG wifjyawmif;qdkwmudk awG@=u&w,f? umuG,a f &;0ef}uD;Xme&J@ 2011 - 2012 bma&;ESpt f wGuf rlvu vsmxm;wJh toHk;p&dwf[m usyf 1100 bDvsH ausmfjzpfayr,fh jyKjyif+yD;cef@rSef;toHk; p&dwu f usyf 1192 bDvsa H usmjf zpfv@kd vda k iGusyf 91 bDvsu H kd aemufxyfjznfp h u G v f a kd iG tjzpf v$wa f wmfo@kd awmif;cHw,f? 2012 - 2013 bma&;ESpt f wGuf umuG,a f &; 0ef}uD;XmetwGuf vsmxm;toHk;p&dwftjzpf usyf 1877 bDvsHausmf awmif;cHw,f? +yD;cJw h hJ bma&;ESpx f uf usyf 685 bDvsH wd;k vmwm awG@&w,f? 'Dvdk wdk;awmif;&mrSm wyfrawmftiftm;&SdrS qdkwJhtoHudk =um;&jyefwm jzpfygw,f? umuG,fa&;0ef}uD; 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD;vSrif;u tcktoHk;p&dwf[m tdrfeD; csif;EdkifiHawG&J@ toHk;p&dwfeJ@ Ed_if;,SOf&if edrfhygw,fvdk@ qdkw,f? (v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f wOD;uawmh udk,fhxufcsrf;omvdk@ ydkoHk;EdkifwmyJqdk+yD; rSwfcsufcsw,fvdk@ zwfvdkuf&yg w,f? rSey f gw,f? aemufxyfajymp&m&Sw d mu umuG,a f &;p&dwu f usew f u hJ awG xufpm&if tcsdK;tpm; uGm[vGef;aewmygyJ?) umuG,fa&;pGrf;tm; raumif;&if EdkifiH awmf&J@ tcsKyftjcmtm%m/ EdkifiHawmf&J@e,fedrdwfawG tcsdefra&G; qHk;_H;ajymif;vJ oGm;Edkif a=umif; ajym+yD;awmhvnf; ajcmufvdkufygao;w,f? AdkvfvSrif;ajymwmeJ@wif rvHkavmufbl;xifvdk@vm; rodygbl;? orRw OD;odef; pdefuvnf; jynfaxmifpkae@o0%fv$mrSm EdkifiH}uD;awG&J@ }uD;Edkifi,f!Of;awmdkif;Oya' usifhoHk;wwfyHkudk owdy=uzdk@ wdkufwGef;xm;w,f? EdkifiHwEdkifiHrSm umuG,fa&; tm;enf; &if EdkifiH}uD;awG&J@ }uD;Edkifi,f!Of; awmdkif;Oya'eJ@ &ifqdkif&vdrfhr,fvdk@ ajymqdkoGm;wm awG@&w,f? 'Dae&musawmh twdi ke f @J tazmufu nDygayw,f?

35

EdkifiHwEdkifiH&J@tiftm;[m tJ'DEdkifiH&J@ ppfa&;pGrf;tm;wckwnf;eJ@ wGufvdk@r&ygbl;? pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ vlra _ &; pojzifh bufpu kH zG@H +zdK;awmifw h if;aezd@k vdy k gw,f? ppfty k p f t k qufqufuawmh Edi ki fH awmf&J@bmaiGawGudk ppfwyftwGufyJ OD;pm;ay;oHk;cJh=uw,f? 'guvnf; rqef;ygbl;? ppfwyfudk olwdk@&J@ ppftm%m&SifpepfwnfwHhcdkif+rJa&;twGuf t"du a'gufwdkifvdk oHk;ae&wmudk;? 'Dve kd @J usew f b hJ ufawGrm S usqif;qkw, f w k v f mcJw h ,f? wdi k ;f jynfvnf; tckvkd tajc qdu k c f& hJ awmhwm jzpfygw,f? qdkAD,uftifyg,m}uD; usqHk;+ydKuGJ&wJh ta=umif;awGxJrSm ppfat;wdkufyGJtwGif; tar&duefEdkifiHeJ@ ppfvufeufawG t+ydKifwyfqifcJh&mu pD;yGm;a&;tyg usefwJhbufawGrSm usqif;qkwf ,kwfcJhvdk@jzpfw,fqdkwmvnf; ta=umif;tcsufwckvdk@ qdk=uw,f r[kwfvm;? tckvnf; atmufyg Z,m;udk =unfh&if umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme&J@toHk;p&dwfu xdyfrSm&SdaewJhtjyif ynma&;/ usef;rma&; uawGeJ@,SOf&if trsm;}uD;uGmaewmudk awG@&rSmyg? pOf 1 2 3 4 5 0ef}uD;Xme ynma&; usef;rma&; umuG,fa&; pGrf;tif bmtcGef 2011 - 2012 310401698 9208786 1192633753 1013816189 1143949836 2012 - 2013 61721401 367970375 1877713971 1851881775 1731305748 cGJa0oHk;pGJr_&mcdkifE_ef; 47 28 1533 1512 1413

'gawGu olwkd@ w&m;0if azmfjycsufomjzpfw,f? wu,fu umuG,fa&;toHk;p&dwfawGom yHa k tmoH;k cJ=h uwmyg? 'Duae@ wyf&@J tajctaeu b,fvjkd zpfae ovJ? ta&twGuo f m azmif;yGaew,f? wdkuf&nfcdkuf&nf/ ppfvufeufypPnf;/ pdwf"mwf tbufbufu ,dk,Gif; ysufpD;aewmyJ jzpfw,f? ydq k ;kd wmu vlxu k kd zdEy dS a f ewJ/h Adv k u f saewJ/h tEdi ku f sia hf ewJh ppfwyf jzpfaewmygy? J vlxu k vnf; wyftay: b,fvdkoabmxm;aevJqdkwm tm;vHk;todygyJ? wdkif;jynf &J@ tcsKyftjcmtm%meJ@ wdkif;jynfwpnf;wvHk;wnf;&Sda&;qdkwm EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;u tav;xm;umuG,f&r,fh ta&;awmf}uD; jzpfygw,f? 'gudk umuG,fzdk@twGuf ta&;t}uD;qHk;u trsdK; om; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;yJ jzpfygw,f? trsdK;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;&Sdvdk@ udk,fhxuf trsm;}uD; tiftm; }uD;wJh zufqpf*syefawGudk awmfvSefEdkifcJhw,f r[kwfvm;? aer0iftifyg,me,fcsJ@+Adwdo#&J@ udkvdkeD u|efjyKr_atmufu vGwfvyfa&;t&,lEdkifcJhwmvnf; trsdK;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;&Sdvdk@yJ r[kwfygvm;? 'gayrJh vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;uwnf;u trsdK;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&; +ydKuGJcJhvdk@ Armjynf[m wjznf;jznf; eJ@ qkwf,kwfusqif;vmcJhw,f? 1962 ckESpf ppftm%modrf;+yD;aemufrSmawmh ydkvdk@qdk;cJhw,f? tck wdkif;jynf b,ftajcaea&mufae+yDvJ? tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHawGtm;vHk;udk armf=unfhae=u&wJhb0 a&mufae+yD? tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHawGqDxGuf+yD; vkyftm; a&mif;pm;ae=u&+yD? trsdK;om;nD !Gwfa&;&SdrSom wdkif;jynfwnf+idrfr,f? +idrf;csrf;r,f? 'grS zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufEdkifrSm jzpf w,f? jynfyu 0ifa&mufpu G z f ufz@kd ta=umif;tcsuv f nf; jyp&m cufr,f? tckvkd jynfwi G ;f rSm trsKd ; om;nD!Gwfa&; +ydKuGJaeawmh jynfyu pdkif&SifcswmawG/ ukvor*~udk,fpm;vS,fawG v$wfaewmawGeJ@ }uKHae&w,f r[kwfvm;? udk,fhjynfwGif;rSm trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;om &Sdae&if b,fEdkifiHu vm0ifpGuf zufEdkifrvJ? ta=umif;r&Sdta=umif;&Sm 0ifpGufzufvm&ifvnf; trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;tm;eJ@ ckcHEdkifyg w,f? udk,fhbufurSefaeawmh ulolvnf; rsm;rSmyg? w&m;&Sd&if ulolrsm;ygw,f? 'ga=umifh trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;udk rjzpfraewnfaqmuf=u&ygr,f? trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&; wnf aqmufa&;rSm ppftkyfpktaeeJ@ t&ifvdkyJ t[ef@twm;ae&mu &yfaer,fqdk&ifawmh ordkif;bD;&J@ eif;acs jcif;udk cH&ygvdrfhr,f? 36

awmifolv,form;a&;&m ppfvuf0g;}uD;tkyf ajr,mOy'=urf; {&mvGrf;

urBmay:rSm tkyfpkd;olawG&J@ w&m;r#wr_r&SdwJh ajr,mOya'awG trsm;tjym; &Sdygw,f? xif&Sm;ausmf=um;wJh ajr,mOya'awGudk Oyrm jyvk@d &ygw,f? urBmay:rSm ukv d e dk p D epf bke;f rD;aev awmufypOfuwnf;u wnf&c dS w hJ hJ ajr,mOya'awGvnf; yg0ifygw,f? Terra nullius vufwifbmompum;u qif;oufvmwJh ajr,myki dq f i dk r f _ Oya',lqcsuf jzpfygw,f? 'Dvufwifpum;&J@ t"dy`m,fu b,folrS rykdifwJhajr('grSr[kwf) ykdif&SifrJhajrvkd@ t"dy`m,f &ygw,f? 'Dpmom;eJ@ 'Dt"dy`m,f[m a&mrOya'uae jrpf z sm;cH v mwmyg? Oa&mytm%m&tpk d ; &rsm;u tod t rS w f j yKxm;wJ h (wjcm;tpk d ; & w&yf&yf)u olwkd@ykdifqkdifw,fvkd@ a=unmxm;jcif; r&SdwJh ajrrsm;vkd@ &nfnef;csifwJhoabmyg? Xmaewkdif;&if; om;awG&@J ajr,mawGqw dk m b,ftpk;d &urS olw@dk yi dk q f i dk w f ,fv@dk a=unmxm;wm r&Sa d o;bl;vk@d qkv d c dk siw f myg? Oa&my tiftm;}uD;EkdifiHawG[m Xmaewkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;awG&J@ ajr,mawGukd enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;eJ@ odrf;,lcJh =uygw,f? t"dutm;jzifh ppftiftm;eJ@ odr;f yku d f &,lc=hJ uwmyg? tar&dum;/ =opa=w;vse@J e,l;ZDvef wk@d [m Oa&mywkdufom;wkd@&J@ ukdvkdeDtjyKcH&jcif;eJ@twl e,fajrykdifeuf/ ajr,m tm;vkH; todrf;ykduf cHcJh&ygw,f? Xmaewki d ;f &if;om; vlrsK;d rsm;uawmh oD;oef@ae&mcsay;aom ae&mrsm;ok@d armif;oGi;f jcif; cH&ygw,f? tar&dum; rSm qkd&if Xmae &uftif'D,ef;vlrsKd;wkd@[m vlrsKd;wkH; owfjzwf acsr_ef;jcif;ukdyg cHcJh=u&wmyg? TudpPtjzpfrSefukd tajctjrpfrS zkH;uG,fzkd@ Terra nullius t,ltq Oya' a=unmcsufukd qGJ,l tokH;jyKcJhwmygyJ? 'D Oya'&J@rw&m;r_'%fukd =opa=w;vs Xmaewkdif;&if;om;awGvnf; tvl;tvJ cHcJh&ygw,f? 17 &mpk/ 18 &mpk/ 19 &mpktwGi;f urBmy h x0Dwu dk o f pf/ ajr,mopfe@J Xmaewki d ;f &if;om;topfudk awG@&w dS t hJ cg &SmazGawG@&SdaomEkdifiHu awG@&SdcH&aomajr,m&J@ ykdif&Siftjzpf cH,la=unmcJhjcif;ygyJ? zdvpfykdifrS Regalian Doctrine ,lqcsuf pydeb f & k ift h pk;d &u ol@uv dk e dk w D i dk ;f jynfrsm;&Sd ajr,mtm;vk;H eJ@ tjcm; o,HZmw&if;jrpfrsm;ukd olyi dk q f i dk f a=umif; a=unmcJy h gw,f? onfenf;eJ@ wki d ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d tm;vk;H wk@d [m olw@dk &@J xk;H wrf;pOfvm yki dq f i dk r f t _ m;vk;H ukd qk;H _;H vufvw $ c f& hJ ygw,f? pydeb f & k ift h pk;d &&J@ cGijhf yKcsuo f m &cJr h ,fq& dk ifawmh v,fajr rsm;[m yk*K~ v d w f OD;csi;f yki df ypPn;f tjzpf ajymif;vJv@dk &ygw,f? 'grr S [kwf aumfya dk &;&Si;f toif;tzG@J 0ifawGuvnf; yki do f m G ;Eki dy f gw,f? 'gayrJh pydefbk&ifhbmwkduftwGuf ig;ykHwykH iSm;&rf;c ray;bJeJ@awmh 'DtcGifhta&;ukd &Ekdifvdrfhr,f r[kwfyg? vGwv f yfa&;&+yD;cse d f aemufyi dk ;f awmifrS zdvpfyi dk r f S a&;qGa J om tajccH Oya'xJrm S 'D Regalian Doctrine ,lqcsufukd xnfhoGif;jymef;xm;ygw,f? pmcsKyfpmwrf;eJ@ w&m;0ifrSwfykHwifrxm;&ao;wJhajrtm;vkH;ukd EkdifiHawmfykdif pm&if;xJ xnfhoGif;&r,f-vkd@ owfrSwfxm;ygw,f? 'ga=umifh olwkd@&J@ ajr,mykdifqkdifcGifhukd pmcsKyf pmwrf;eJ@ rSwfykHwifrxm;wwfwJh Xmaewkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;wkd@crsm ajrrJh,mrJhtjzpf usa&mufoGm;&ygw,f?
Eminent domain . t"dy`m,f &Sif;vif;zGifhqkdcsuf

0DuDyD;&D;,m;&J@ zGifhqkdcsuft&a,bk,s Oya'xJrm S Eminent domain Oya'pepfudk atmufyg twki d ;f azmfjyxm;ygw,f? (EkdifiHawmftpkd;&vuf0,f&Sd tm%monf EkkdifiHom;wOD;. wOD;csif; ykdifypPnf;/ ajr,mtygt0if ykdifqkdifr_rsm;/ (okd@r[kwf) EkdifiHom;wOD;. ykdifqkdifcGifhwkd@ukd ykdif&Sif.oabmwlnDcsuf r&&Sdapumrl avsmfa=u;aiG ay;I odrf;,lEkdifonf? tpkd;&u tokH;jyK&eftwGu3 f7 jzpfap (okd@wnf;r[kwf) tpkd;&twGufESifh trsm;qkdif&mukd

tusK;d jyK&eftwGuf aqmif&u G a f om wwd,ygwr D sm;. uk, d f pm;vS,w f @dk ujzpfap/ ok@d r[kwf wcsK@d up d & P yfrsm;wGif pD;yGm;a&; zGH@+zKd;wkd;wufr_twGufjzpfap ykdifqkdifr_ukd odrf;,ljcif; jzpfonf? Eminent domain ,lqcsuft& ykdifqkdifr_ukd &,l+yD; a,bk,stm;jzifh trsm;pk tokH;jyKonfrSm jynfol@ tusKd;aqmifvkyfief;rsm;(v#yfppf/ a&/ "mwfaiG@ ponfwkd@ xkwf vkyfjzef@a0a&;vkyfief;/) ta0;ajy;vrf;r}uD;rsm;ESifh rD;&xm;vrf;wkd@twGuf jzpfonf? wcsKd@w&m;pD&ifcGifh Oya'rsm;u Eminent domain ,lqcsuft& rodrf;rjzpf odrf;&rnfhtajctae ra&mufrD tpkd;&tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u aiGay;acs 0,f,l r_jyK&ef awmif;qkdxm;onf) 'D Eminent domain Oya'qkdif&m ,lqcsufukd wcgrS ukdvkdeDEk difiH rjzpfcJhzl;wJh wkdif;jynfrsm;uawmifrS csrSwfusifhokH;wmukd awG@&ygw,f? Oyrm- xkdif;EkdifiH? xkdif;EkdifiHtpkd;&[m ,cktcg Xmaewkdif;&if;om; vlrsKd;rsm; aexkdifwJh ajr,meJ@ opfawmrsm;yg&SdwJh tvGef}uD;rm;us,fjyef@aom a'orsm;&J@ ykdif&Sif tjzpf ol@ukd,fol a=unmxm;ygw,f? 'Dvkd EkdifiHwumu ukdvkdeDpepf&J@ rw&m;wJh ajr,mykdifqkdifr_ Oya'wcsKd@ukd erlemtjzpf azmfjyaewm[m ukdvkdeDtpkd;&tygt0if zdESdyfwJh tpkd;&awG[m jynfolawG&J@ ajr,mukd rw&m;odrf;ykduf+yD; olwkd@vkyf&yfukd w&m;0ifjzpf atmif rw&m;wJh Oya'awGe@J tumtuG,, f x l m;=uw,fqw dk m ay:vGia f p csiv f @dk yg? aemuf+yD; ppftpk;d &tqufquf&@J rw&m;wJhajr,mOya'awGeJ@ E_dif;,SOfpOf;pm;apcsifvkd@yg? ppftpkd;&tqufquf&J@ rw&m;wJh ajr,mOya'awG[m 'D rw&m;wJh ukv d e dk O D ya'awGe@J w&m;r#wr_r&Sjd cif;rSm xyfwx l yfr# &ifaygiw f ef;vku d E f i dk f r Hk u wcsK@d tcsua f wGrm S uk, d t hf rsK;d om;tcsif;csif;tay: ukdvkdeDtpkd;&xufawmif ykdrdk zdESdyfxm;wm awG@Ekdifygw,f? Armjynfu ppftpk;d &tqufquf&@J rw&m;wJh ajr,mOya'awGudk avhvm =unf& h if ya'o&mZfacwfu v,f orm;awGtay: zdESdyfxm;wJh ajr,mpepfrS wcsKd@ tcsufawGukd tarGqufcHw,f? xkd@twl ukdvkdeDpepf&J@ awmifol v,form;awGtay: rw&m;zdESdyfjcif;jyKcJhwJh tcsufwcsKd@ukd tarGqufcHw,f? aemuf+yD; ppftkyfpkeJ@ taygif;ygrsm;&J@ tusK;d pD;yGm;twGuf awmifov l ,form;awGudk zdEy dS w f hJ rw&m;wJh Oya' tcsut f vufawGudk ppfty k p f e k nf; ppfty k p f [ k efe@J topf xyfrH jznfq h nf;w,f? 'ga=umifh ppfty k p f & k @J rw&m;wJh ajr,mOya'awG[m v,form;xktay: zdEy dS & f ufpufrr _ m S o&zlaqmif;xm;wJh Oya'rsm;om jzpfygw,f? tck OD;ode;f pdet f pk;d &opf&@J ajr,mOya'=urf;[m t&if ppftpk;d & tquf quf&@J ajr,mOya'eJ@ xl;rjcm;em; jzpfr kH u wcsK@d tcsua f wGrm S olu ykv d @dk awmif aumufuspp f Of;vJr_ &Sa d ewm awG@& ygw,f/ tpk d ; &opf tajccH t & rajymif ; vJ a =umif ; azmf j ywJ h ouf a ow&yf tay:,H toGifajymif;ppftpkd;&opf&J@ tajymif;tvJawGqkdwmukd ar#mfvifholawGu ar#mfvifhae=uayr,fh 'D tpkd;&opf[m tajccHt& rajymif;vJbl;qkdwmukd azmfjyaewJh oufaotaxmuftxm;wckuawmh 2011 ckESpf v,f,majrOya'=urf; qkdwmygyJ? 'DOya'=urf;ukd 2011 ckEp S /f =o*kwv f 31 &ufae@u xkwy f gw,f? jynfo@l v$wa f wmf trde@f a=umfjimpm trSwf (92011) tjzpf xkwjf yefvu dk w f myg? tay:,HtoGia f jymif;xm;ayr,fh tpk;d &opf[m ,cifppftpk;d &awGe@J xl;rjcm; em;ygy? J olu ykr d v dk n S p hf m;wwf+yD; ykr d dk aumufuspa f =umif; awmfve S a f &;aumifp& D @J 1963 ckEp S f oD;pm;csxm;a&;Oya'eJ@ E_dif;,SOf=unfh&ifukdyJ odomxif&Sm;aeygw,f? 2011 ck E S p f / v,f , majrOya'=urf ; &J @ aumuf u spf v S n f h p m;r_ Oya'xJrSm ajr&Sifqkdwm azmfjyrxm;ygbl;? oD;pm;qkdwm azmfjyrxm;ygbl;? (1963 ckESpf/ oD;pm;csxm;a&; Oya'rSmu ajr&SifeJ@ oD;pm;wkd@ukd azmfjyxm;ygw,f?) 2011 ckESpf/ v,f,majrOya'=urf;rSm awmifolv,form; qkw d muky d J azmfjyxm;ygw,f? 'Dva dk zmfjy&mrSm ol@rm S &nf&, G c f suf &Sy d gw,f? olu, dk w f i dk e f @J ol@aemufawmfygawG&@J ajr&Sip f epf usio hf ;Hk r_udk zk;H uG,z f @dk e@J ol@&@J t+rD;pm;buf acgi;f pm;buf vufo;Hk awmf vkyi f ef;&Sio f a l X;awG/ Eki di fa H wmf vuf0g;}uD;tkyf ajr&SifcsKyf&J@ vufyg;ap 'grSr[kwf ajr&SifcsKyf&J@ ukd,fpm;vS,fawGukd awmifolv,form;qkdwJh emrnfpm&if;xJrSm a&maESm xnfhoGif;csifvkd@yg? aumufuspfvSnfhpm;wmjzpfovkd ajAmifusw,fvkd@vnf; qkdEkdifyg w,f? =unfhyg? (2) qk d i f & mES p f w G i f ajruk d tok H ; jyKI pk d u f y sKd ; a&;vk y f i ef ; (ok d @ r[k w f ) arG ; jrL a&;vk y f i ef ; (ok d @ r[k w f ) vkyfief;ESpf&yfpvkH;ukd rdrd. t"du toufarG;0rf;ausmif;tjzpf vkyfief;vkyfukdifcsdef wav#mufvkH; ukd,fwkdif }uD ; =uyf v k y f u k d i f o l / 38

(3) ajrukd tokH;jyKI &moDoD;ESH/ O,smOf+cHoD;ESH/ ESpf&SnfoD;ESHrsm; pkdufysKd; xkwfvkyf&ef(okd@r[kwf) pD;yGm;jzpf arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;ukd vkyfukdif&eftvkd@iSm t&if;tESD; rwnfpkdufxkwfI vkyfief;vkyfukdifcsdef wav#mufvkH; ukd,fwkdifvkyfukdif ol(okd@r[kwf) }uD;=uyfpDrHvkyfukdifol? 'DrSm azmfjyxm;wJh }uD;=uyfvkyfukdifolqkdwmrSm ppfAkdvfcsKyf}uD;rsm;/ olwkd@&J@ vufokH;awmf pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;&Sifrsm;eJ@ ukr`%Dykdif&Sifrsm;/ ppfAkdvfcsKyfawG&J@ aqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm; jzpfae=uwmukd 'Dae@ v,f,majr tjzpftysufrsm;u txift&Sm; azmfjyaeygw,f? ae@pOf jrifawG@ae=u&wmvnf; jzpfygw,f? t&if;tESD; rwnfpkdufxkwfI vkyfief;vkyfukdifcsdef wav#mufvkH; }uD;=uyf pDrHvkyfukdifolqkdwmukd awmifolv,form;emrnfxJ qGJoGif;vkdufwmujzifh wu,fhukd ppftkyfpkaqGrsKd;taygif;toif;rsm;&J@ tusKd; pD;yGm;twGuf ajAmifusus &yfwnfay;vkdufwmygyJ? awmifolv,form;qkdwm trSefu pkdufysKd;&moDwckrSm pkdufysKd;a&;vkyfief;twGif; ukd,fwkdifvkyftm; 70 &mcki dE f e _ ;f / tenf;qk;H 50 &mcki dE f e _ ;f ausmf yg0ifor l sm; jzpf&rSmyg? 1963 ckEp S /f oD;pm;csxm;a&;Oya'rSmawmifrS oD;pm;qkw d hJ awmifov l ,form;awGxr J m S 'Dvr dk sK;d t&if;tES;D rwnfxm;wJh }uD;=uyfoa l wGudk a&maESm qGx J nfh xm;wm r&Sdygbl;? oD;pm;eJ@ ajr&Sifqkd+yD; cGJjcm;azmfjyxm;ygao;w,f? 2011 v,f,majrOya'=urf;rSm azmfjyxm;wJh vkyi f ef;vkyu f i dk c f se d f wav#mufv;Hk }uD;=uyfpr D H vkyu f i dk f ol qkw d muvnf; trSeu f yvmpum;ygy? J ukr% ` D yki d& f i Su f w,fvz D e k ;f eJ@ }uD;=uyfwmjzpfjzpf/ vlvw $ c fi dk ;f ap }uD;=uyfwmyJjzpfjzpf aemufq;Hk awmh vkyi f ef;vkyu f i dk c f se d f wav#mufv;Hk }uD;=uyfot l jzpf twnfjyKay;vku d r f m S ygy? J wav#mufvkH; awmifolv,form;vkyfief; vkyfvmolawGr[kwfbJ tckrS v,f,mvkyfief;cGifokd@ t&if;tESD; eJ@jzpfap/ tpk;d &ay;wJh tcGit hf a&;trsK;d rsK;d ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d eJ@jzpfap 0ifvmolawGudk awmifov l ,form;pm&if; xJrSm qGJoGif;vkd@&atmif qkdif&mESpfwGifqkdwJhpum;eJ@ zGifhay;xm;wmukdvnf; awG@jrifEkdifygw,f? awmifov l ,form;qkw d t hJ xJrm S vkyi f ef;&Sia f wG/ ukr% ` y Di dk & f i Sa f wG/ Akv d c f sKyfawGe@J aqGrsK;d taygi;f toif;awG ukd a&mxnfw h hJ &nf&, G c f suu f - 'DvlawG&J@ aoG;pkyfr_eJ@ rw&m; tjrwfxkwfr_ukd zkH;uG,fcsifvkd@/ azsmufxm;csifvkd@/ - tpk;d &u ukr% ` y Di dk & f i Sa f wG/ vkyi f ef;&Sia f wG/ Akv d c f sKyfpwJh tm%myki da f wGe@J aqGrsK;d om;csi;f awGudk v,f,m ajrvkyfief;rSm }uD;rm;wJhtcGifhta&;awG ay;aewmukd zkH;uG,fcsifvkd@/ - 'DvlawGukd ajr,m vkyfykdifcGifh csay;wmukd awmifolv,form;awGtm; ajr,mcsay;wmyJqkdwJh t"dy`m,f oufa&mufoGm;apzkd@/ - ajr,m ydyuQ ay:ayguc f& hJ if 'Dva l wG[mvnf; awmifov l ,form;awG jzpfw,fq+dk yD; tumtuG,f ay;Eki da f pzk@d pojzifh jzpfygw,f? ukv d e dk a D cwf 1938 ckEp S w f e k ;f uawmif Land Alienation Act 1938 tufOya'xJrm S v,f,majrrsm;ukd awmifolv,form;r[kwfolrsm;vufokd@ v$Jajymif;jcif;rjyK&qkd+yD; twdtvif; owfrSwfcJhao;w,f? tck 'Drkd ua&pDudk [efjyau;a=umfvmaewJh OD;ode;f pdet f pk;d &uawmh v,f,majrawGudk ol@ vufo;Hk awmf pD;yGm;a&;orm; awGvufxJ ajr{u axmifcs/D aomif;cs/D ode;f csD xk;d tyfxm;Hr k u Oya'eJ@awmif w&m;0if jzpfatmif vkya f y;ae wmyguvm;? rmzD;,m; *kd%f;qefqef v,form;awGukd vkyf}uH kdufESuf vk,uf tEkdifusifhae=uw,f 'DOya'&J@ tcef;(3) (tok;H csci G hf jyKonfh v,f,majrrsm;ESihf ywfoufonfh tcGit hf a&;rsm;)(c) rSmtqky d g v,f,majrukd tm;vkH;jzpfap/ wpdwfwykdif;jzpfap tiSm;csxm;jcif;/ vJvS,fjcif;/ aygif;ESHjcif;qkd+yD; azmfjy xm;ygw,f? tiSm;csxm;jcif;qkdwmuvnf; v,form;awGxuf ol@ukd,fpm;vS,fawG t+rD;pm;buf acgif;pm; buf pD;yGm;a&;vkyi f ef;&Sia f wGudk ykr d +dk yD; tusK;d &Sa d prSmyg? olw@dk udk ajr,mawG oD;pm;csxm;ap+yD; awmifov l ,f orm; emrnfcHwJh ajr&Sifb0 a&muf&Sdvkyf ukdifEkdifatmif Oya't& vrf;zGifhay;xm;wmyg? OD;odef;pdef tpkd;&acwfrSmukdyJ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&SifawG/ ppfwyfeJ@ &JXmeawG/ tm%mykdifawG/ ppfbuf t&m&Sda[mif;awG/ }uhHzGH@tm%mykdifawGeJ@ aemufawmfyg vlrkdufawG yl;aygif;+yD; rmzD;,m;*kd%f;vkdrsKd; v,form; awGukd kdufESufvkyf}uH/ v,form;awG&J@ v,f,majrukd xifovkd vk,ufusL;ausmf+yD; AkdvfustEkdifusifhae=u wmyg? olwkd@wawG v,form;awG&J@ajr,mawGukd vk,ufodrf;ykduf=uwmvnf; {u axmif*%ef;/ aomif; *%ef;uae ode;f *%ef;txd &Sa d eyg+yD? urBmay:u rw&m;wJh ajr,mOya'wckjzpfwhJ Eminent Domain Oya' rSmawmifrS tpk;d &u 'D ajr,mawGudk odr;f ,l&if avsma f =u;ay;zk@d owfrw S x f m;ygao;w,f? Armjynfrm S uawmh 39

v,form;awG&J@ ajr,mawGukd xifwkdif;}uJ vk,ufzkd@ tcGifhta&;ay; xm;wmyg? tpkd;&&J@ v,f,majr Oya' =urf;qkdwmu 'DvlawG qufvuf+yD; xifwkdif;}uJEkdifzkd@ Oya'eJ@ tumtuG,fay;vkdufwmyg? ajr,muk d ol w OD ; wnf ; yk d i f o wJ h v m; 1940 ckEp S r f wki dr f u D Armjynfrm S (atmufArmEki di fa H &m/ txuf Arm Eki di fr H m S yg) awmifov l ,form;awG ykp H H trsK;d rsK;d eJ@ ajr,myki dc fi G hf &Sa d e=uygao;w,f? txufArmEki di fr H m S qk& d if ykx d if&m S ;w,f? rdbbk;d bGm;yki da f jr qk+d yD; v,form;awG ajrykdifqkdifr_ txkduftavsmuf usefaeao;w,fvkd@ qkdEkdifw,f? Akv d c f sKyfatmifqef;u 1947 ck zG@J pnf;tkyc f sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'rSm Eki di fa H wmfonf ajr,mtm;vk;H . yif&if; yki d& f i S f jzpfonfvk@d jymef;cJy h gw,f? &nf&, G f csuu f Armhv,f,majrawGudk wki d ;f wyg;om;(cspw f ;D -tp&So d r l sm;) yki dq f i dk r f a _ wGudk umuG,c f siv f y dk g? v,form;awGbufu &yfcu H muG,w f hJ apwemt&if;cH &Sa d ewmukd awG@&ygao; w,f? v,form;awG ajrykdifqkdifcGifh vkH;0r&Sdatmif vkyfvkdufwmuawmh ppftpkd;&tqufquf&J@ ajr,mOya' awGygyJ? OD;ode;f pdef ppfvuf0g;}uD;tkyt f pk;d &&J@ v,f,majrOya'=urf;- yk'r f -2 (u) rSm (v,f,majrqko d nfrm S EkdifiHawmfu tvkd&Sdonfhtwkdif; okH;pGJEkdifonfh v,f,mvkyfukdifEkdifaomajr) vkd@ azmfjyxm;ygw,f? tvkd&Sd onft h wki d ;f -vk@d qkw d m[m xifovkv d y k c fi Gu hf dk azmfjyvku d w f myg? tpk;d &u Eki di fa H wmf jzpfae+yD; tpk;d [m ajr&Sic f sKyf tjzpf cH,v l u dk w f o hJ abm jzpfom G ;ygw,f? Eki di f& H @J ajrtm;vk;H ukd rif;(&Sib f & k if)u yki dw f hJ ya'o&mZf ajr&Sip f epf&@J v,f,majrykdifqkdifr_rsKd;ygyJ? 'DOya'&J@ yk'r f -2 (c) rSm (v,f,majr tok;H csci G hf qko d nfrm S Eki di fa H wmfonf ajr,mtm;vk;H . yif&if; ykdif&SifjzpfI v,f,majrukd pkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfr_ wkd;wufjrifhrm;ap&ef owfrSwfxm;onfh pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD vuf0,fxm;&SdI vkyfukdif tokH;cscGifhjyKjcif;ukd qkdvkdonf? okd@&mwGif ajray:ajratmuf&Sd ausmufrsuf/ owWK/ a&eHEi S hf "mwfaiG@ ponfh obm0 o,HZmwrsm; xkw, f t l ok;H csci G hf ryg 0ifacs) vk@d azmfjyxm;ygw,f? vuf0,f xm;&SdcGifhukdom cGifhjyKcsufay;+yD; ykdifqkdifcGifh ray;wm xif&Sm;ygw,f? vGwfvyfa&;vGefacwf jymef;vmcJhwJh v,f,majr EkdifiHykdif jyKvkyfa&; Oya'rsm;rSm v,fajrukd 50 {utxuf/ ,majrukd 25 {utxuf&Sd ajr,mrsm;ukdrS EkdifiHykdiftjzpf odrf;,lcJh=uwmyg? &nf&G,fcsufuvnf; odr;f +yD;ajrawGudk awmifov l ,form;awG cGa J 0yki dq f i dk a f pzk@d jzpfygw,f? awmifol v,form;rsm;ukv d nf; tenf;qk;H wwkH;xGeftxd cGJa0 ykdifqkdifapcJhwmvnf; &SdcJhygw,f? b,fol@ukdrS v,f,majr tajrmuftjrm; ykdifqkdifcGifh ray;cJhygbl;? tck v,f,majrOya'=urf;qkw d muawmh tqky d g Oya'rsm;tm;vk;H ukd zsuo f r d ;f vku d y f gw,f? awmifol v,form;awG ajr,mykdifqkdifcGifh vkH;0 r&=uawmhygbl;? ppfvuf0g;}uD;tkyf tpkd;&opfacwfrSmyJ tpkd;&u v,f,majr tajrmuftjrm; vkyfukdifcGifhukd tpkd;& vufa0cH ukr% ` r D sm;/ Eki di f jH cm;om;vkyi f ef;&Sir f sm;ukd cGijhf yKay;aewm awG@&ygw,f? 'ga=umifh 'Dajr,mOya'=urf;[m v,form;awGudk olw@dk yi dk q f i dk c fi G hf r&Sw d hJ ajr,mawGay:rSm ol&if;iSm;b0 a&mufatmif wGe;f yk@d r,fh Oya' jzpfa=umif; awG@&ygw,f? awmifov l ,form;awGu oD;pm;b0 usa&mufom G ;&if ajr&Siu f b,fov l ? J &Si;f aeygw,f? Eki di fa H wmf qkw d hJ tpk;d &u ajr,mtm;vk;H tyki do f r d ;f +yD; vuf0g;}uD;tkyf tpk;d &ajr&Si}f uD;pepfudk usio hf ;Hk vku d w f myJ jzpfygw,f? tpk;d &vuf0g;}uD;tkyf ajr&Si}f uD;pepfrm S ol@&@J ajr,mqki d& f m uk, d p f m;vS,t f qifq h ife h @J ol@vufo;Hk awmf pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;&SifawG/ ukr`%Dykdif&SifawGukdvnf; ajr&Siftjzpf xnfhoGif;owfrSwf&rSmyg? ajr,moD;pm;cqkdwmuawmh um;vfrmhup f f nejf ycJw h t hJ wki d ;f tpd;k &ajr&Sip f epfrm S ajr,mtcGet f wkwa f wGqw dk m oD;pm;cygy? J tcGet f wkwe f @J aoG;pkyw f m/ v,f,majr taxmuftuljyK ypPn;f awG a&mif;csrt _ ay:u tjrwfxw k w f m/ oD;ESt H a&mif;t0,f awGay:u aoG;pkyfwm/ pwJh aoG;pkyfr_trsKd;rsKd;ukd vufawG@cHpm;ae&wJh v,form;awGu ykdodygw,f? 'DaoG;pkyf r_awGtjyif aemufxyf wk;d vmwJh aoG;pkyr f w _ ckuawmh v,faygi, f maygif aygiE f r HS t _ ay:u aoG;pkyw f hJ twk;d ygy? J v,form;awGu v,f,majrukd aygifESHwJhtcgrSmvnf; tpkd;&b%f ('grSr[kwf) tpkd;& todtrSwfjyK xm;wJh b%frsm;rSmom aygifESH&r,fvkd@ owfrSwfxm;ygw,f? v,form;awG&J@ v,f,majraygifESHr_tay:u aoG;pkyr f m S omru oufqi dk & f m OD;pD;Xmeu rSwy f w Hk ifc/ tcGet f wkwf pwmawGe@J v,f orm;qDuaiGudk &Eki do f r# npfxkwf,lr,fh tpDtpOf jzpfygw,f? 40

'g[m 'DOya'=urf;&J@ rw&m;r_awGukd xifomjrifom&SdwJh tcsufawGavmufyJ axmufjyvkdufwmyg? tao;pdwf pl;prf;&if v,form;xk epfemapwJh csuftvufawG trsm;}uD; xGufvmOD;rSmyg? 'DOya'rl=urf;xJu usew f hJ tcsua f wGudk twkc d sKyf azmfjy&&if- ppftpk;d &tqufquf&@J rw&m;wJh ajr,mOya'awGudk tarGqufc+H yD; pum;vk;H awG ajymif;vJ ok;H E_e;f xm; w,f? wcsK@d tcsua f wGq& dk if 'DOya'u ,ciftpk;d &awGxuf ykq d ;dk w,f? urBmay:u rw&m;wJh ajr,m Oya'awGxuf ykq d ;dk wJh tcsua f wGawmif ygw,f? - v,form;awG&@J v,fvy k o f l v,fyi dk a f &;qENudk ar#mv f ifc h suf a0;ap+yD; v,form;awGtm;vk;H ukd oD;pm; rsm;tjzpf usa&mufapwJh Oya' jzpfw,f? - 'DOya'xJrm S awmifov l ,form;eJ@ a&vkyo f m;(wHig) tv$meSp& f yfudk a&maxG;azmfjyxm;w,f? v,f,m ajrrsm;ukd arG;jrLa&;vkyi f ef;twGuy f g (jrpf0u|e;f ay: +rKd@e,frsm;rS a&eufui G ;f rsm;) tok;H jyKvmwma=umifh v,f,m ajrrsm; wdrfaumavsmhenf;r_ukd jzpfay:apw,f? - 'DOya'xJrm S v,f,majrtok;H csci Gu hf dk tarGqufcjH cif;eJ@ ywfoufv@dk w&m;H;k rsm;u pD&ifq;Hk jzwfyi dk c fi G hf r&Sdap&-vkd@ azmfjyxm;ygw,f? 'g[m EkdifiHawmf&J@ w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mukd ypfy,fvkduf&m usaeygw,f? tpkd;& tkyfcsKyfa&;tm%mu ae&mwkdif;tay:pD;,lxm;+yD; w&m;pD&ifa&; vGwfvyfr_ukd aysmufuG,foGm;apygw,f? - 'DOya'yg v,f,majrpDrHcef@cGJr_tzGJ@ qkdwmuvnf; ppftpkd;&tqufqufu ajr,maumfrwDrsm;vkd jzpfaewmygyJ? wpkHw&m ajymif;vJr_&SdwJh v,f,majrtkyfcsKyfa&;pepfrsKd; r[kwfyg? - 'DOya'[m ajr,mqkdif&m tqifhqifhtm%mykdifawGukd tm%mtrsKd;rsKd; tyfESif;+yD; v,form; awGtwGua f wmh jypf'%ftrsK;d rsK;d owfrw S x f m;um v,form;awGudk axmifxJ qGx J nfr h ,fh Oya'rsm; jzpfaeygw,f? txufyg tcsua f wGtygt0if 'Dajr,mOya'=urf;yg rw&m;wJt h csua f wGudk odjrifvmwJh v,form;awGu 'DOya'ukd uef@uu G v f mae=uygw,f? 'g[m w&m;wJh vky& f yfyg? rSeu f efwhJ wku d y f 0 JG ifry _ g? urBmay:rSmvnf; rw&m;wJh ajr,mOya'awGudk v,form;awGu Oya'a=umif;t& wku d y fq JG if+yD; tEki d& f cJw h mawG &Sc dy hJ gw,f? Oyrm jy&&ifOyrm-1 um&D E k d ( v,f o rm;) ES i f h zd v pf y k d i f u |ef ; pk . tif q l v mtpk d ; &ES i f h w&m;wabmif & if q k d i f r _ 'Dtr_rSm tar&duefjynfaxmifpk w&m;Hk;csKyfu 1909 ckESpftwGif; atmufygtwkdif; pD&ifcsufcscJhygw,f? (Regalian ,lqcsuu f dk atmifjrifpm G pdea f c:&ifqi dk jf cif; jyKEki do f nf? a'ocHw@dk . &yki dc fi G hf - Oyrm um&DEdk rdom;pk wk@d . a&S;,cifuwnf;u wnf&v dS mcJa h om wk@d v,fajrtm; xk;H wrf;pOfvmt& yki dq f i dk c fi G hf ukd todtrSwjf yK onf) vk@d pD&ifq;Hk jzwfvu dk w f mygy? J Oyrm-2 rmbkdESifh =opa=u;vswkdufrS uGif;pvif; Queenslan -tpkd;& &ifqkdifaom tr_ 'Dajr owfrSwfcsuf ykdifqkdifcGifhtr_rSm =opa=w;vs A[kdw&m;Hk;u 1992 ckESpfrSm awm&ufa&vuf=um; rma&;u|ef;pkrS rma&;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;jzpf=uwJh rmbkd/ a';ApfyufpDESifh *sdrf;kdufwkd@ukd tEkdifay; pD&ifcsufcscJhygw,f? onfu|e;f rsm;ukd uGi;f pvif;tpk;d &u 1879 ckEp S u f odr;f yku d & f ,l+yD; yki dq f i dk c fi Gv hf y k x f m;cJw h mukd rmbkE d i S hf ol@tzG@J u pdea f c:+yD; w&m;&ifqi dk c f jhJ cif; jzpfygw,f? pD&ifcsu[ f m Terra Nullius ,lqcsu& f @J usK;d a=umif;qDavsmr f _ r&Sjd cif;ukd zGifhcsazmfxkwfEkdifvkduf+yD; Xmaea'ocHwkd@&J@ ykdifqkdifcGifhukd twnfjyKay;vkdufwma=umifh w&m;Hk; tqkH;tjzwf[m tr_udpPabmifxuf ausmfvGefoGm;wJhtxd xda&mufr_&SdcJhygw,f? Armjynfu v,form;xk[mvnf; txufyg Oyrmrsm;twkdif; Oya'a=umif;t& pdefac:r_jyKa&;rsm;ukd aqmif&GufoGm;=u&rSmjzpfovkd rw&m;wJhv,f,majrOya'rsm;/ v,form;xktay: rw&m;zdESdyfvk,ufr_rsm;ukd wjcm;omeftrsKd;rsKd;aom wkdufyGJrsm; qifE$Jjcif;jzifh &ifqkdifausmfeif;oGm;=u&rSmyg? ?

{&mvGrf;

41

awmifolv,form;a&;&m

v,f,mpku d y f sK;d a&;ESihf aus;vufz@HG +zK;d a&; qif;&JEr G ;f yg;r_ av#mc h sa&; jy\emrsm;
armifpe da f omf

jynfwGif;xkwf *sme,fwcsKd@rSm v,f,mvkyfief;cGifESifh pyfvsOf;onfh awmif;yg; rsm; tawG@&rsm;vmonf? awmifol v,form;ta&; tav;xm; azmfjyvm=u onfhtwGuf pdwf0ifpm;zkd@vnf;aumif; tm;wufzG,fvnf;jzpfygonf? vufawG@ b0 tod rsm;jzpfI wefzkd;&Sdonf? vuf&Sd }uHhzGH@tpkd;&uvnf; aus;vuf zGH@+zdK;a&;ESifh qif;&JEGrf;yg;r_ av#mhcsa&; vkyfaeonf[kqkdonf? jrefrmhv,f,m pkdufysKd;a&;u zGH@+zKd;wkd;wuf&ef qkdygrl tajccHusonfh jy\em tajrmuftjrm; &Sdaeonf [kjrifygonf? 'DtxJu jy\em tcssd@ wifjycsifygonf? yxrqkH;jy\emrSm jynfwGif; EkdifiHa&;wnf+idrfr_ESifh +idrf;csrf;r_ &Sda&; jy\em jzpfonf? Tjy\em. ta=umif;&if;jzpfaom jynfwGif;ppfjy\emukd aocsmqkyfukdif ajz&Si;f &efvo dk nf? xkjd y\emukd ,m,Doabm tay:,Havmufom ajz&Si;f +yD; ppftm%m &Sifpepf qufvufusifhokH;a&; vkH;yef;aev#if EkdifiHa&; wnf+idrfr_ESifh jynfwGif;+idrfcsrf;a&; &&SdEkdifrnf r[kwfyg? jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; r&Sdv#if v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&;u wjynfvkH; zGH@+zKd;wkd;wufa&; rjzpfEkdif? tckudkyJ rw&m; zrfqD;cHxm;&onfh EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om; v$wa f y;a&;ukd vGw+f idr;f csr;f omcGihf ay;jcif;rsK;d r[kwb f J Oya'tcsKyftaESmif wef;vef;ESihf v$wfjcif;jzpfonf? 'gvnf; tm;vkH;ukef v$wfray;ao;bJ "m;pmcH qufcsefxm;aejyef onf? vlrsK;d pk vufeufui kd t f zG@J tpnf;rsm;ukv d nf; ,m,Dtypftcwf &yfonft h zG@J &yfxm;/ wkdufonfhtzGJ@ qufwkdufESifh wkdufyGJ=um;u ajrpmyif jynfolvlxkcrsm tkd;tdrfv,f,m pGef@cGm+yD; twd'kuQ a&mufaer_rsm;/ ausmfraumif; =um;raumif;udpPawG avsmhroGm;bJ xyfw;dk aeonf? vufeufui dk f tzG@J tpnf;rsm; awmif;qkx d m;onfh Eki di fa H &;t& tzG@J tm; vk;H awG@qa Hk qG;aEG;a&;rludk wef;wl&nfwl oabmxm; vku d a f vsm vkya f qmifrnfy h Hk rawG@& ao;? 'Dru dk a&pDa&; a&S;_aeygonfqo dk nfh t&yfom;trnfcH }uHz h @HG tm%myki dr f sm;taejzifh twku d t f cH tiftm;pkrsm;. awmif;qkw d u dk y f 0 JG ifaer_rsm;ukd tav;*krjyKbJ/ wk@d jzpf apcsifonfh ykHpHtwkdif; 2008 tajccHOya'abmifxJ usKH;oGif;,laeonfh vkyf&yfrsm;onf yuwd wnf&Sdaeonfh jy\emZmpfjrpfukd ajz&Sif;aejcif;r[kwf/ jynfwGif;jynfyEkdifiHa&; tuJcwfrsm;u ,cktxd oHo,jzifh apmifh=unfhae&qJ taetxm;om&Sdaeonf? 'kwd,- jy\emrSm v,f,mOya'ESifhqkdifonfh jy\emjzpfonf? v,f,majr odr;f yku d r f a _ wG ul;pufa&m*gvdk wjynfv;Hk tES@H jzpfay:aeaomfvnf; TudpP tcktcse d t f xd ta&;rxm;/ awmifolv,form;tusKd; a&S;_aeonfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;. awmif;qkdcsuf vnf;jzpfonfh awmifov l ,form;tusK;d wu,fwrf; tumtuG,a f y;Eki da f om v,f vkyo f l v,fyi dk a f &; Oya' csrw S f taumif txnfazmfa&; vufcp H Of;pm;r_ rjyKonft h jyif/ 42

}uHz hH @HG vw $ a f wmftrwf ( =uHz h @HG ygwD twGi;f a&;rSL; ) OD;aX;OD;u v,f,m ajrqko d nfrm S Eki di fa H wmfu tvk& d o dS nft h wki d ;f tok;H csEi dk o f nfqko d nfh 2011 v,f,majr Oya' rl=urf;wck jynfo@l vw $ a f wmf tpnf;ta0;rSm wifoGif;xm;onf[k qkdonf? TOya'=urf;ukd twnfrjyKEkdif&ef 'Drkdua&pD r[mrdwfygwDawGu uef@uGufxm;ovkd {&mowDwkdif;/ yJcl;wkdif;ESifh rauG;wkdif;wkd@&Sd v,form; 3000 ausmfuvnf; vufrSwfa&;xkd; uef@uGuf=u+yD; orRwxH ay;ykd@xm;onf qkdaom owif; vnf;=um;&onf? Oya'yg tcsufawGt& v,f,majrawGukd EkdifiHjcm;ukr`%DawGukdvnf; v$J ajymif;iSm;&rf;Ekdifonf qkdxm;I v,form;awG v,f,mvufvGwf qkH;_H;Ekdif+yD; tvkyfvufrJhb0 usa&mufEi dk o f nfh Oya' jzpfa=umif;vnf; wwfoy d nm&Siw f csK@d u pk;d &drr f uif; ajymqka d e=uonf? 2008 zG@J pnf;tkyc f sKyfy. Hk ajr,mtm;vk;H Eki di fa H wmfyi dk o f nf qka d om rludk vufawG@taumiftxnf azmfaeonfh ay:vpD jzpfonf? ukrjk 'm *sme,frm S ygonfh OD;aX;OD;. &Si;f jycsux f r J m S v,f,majr awGukd pDrHudef;twGufqkd&if rodrf;vkd@r&bl; qkdwmukd ajymoGm;+yD; avsmfa=u;ay;a&;udpP vkH;0 xnfr h ajymyg? a&epfou l dk 0g;ulx;dk ovkd jzpfaeonf? 'g[m ppftm%m&Sip f epf qufvuf umuG,f xde;f odr;f onfh ay:vpDjzpfonf? v,fvy k o f l v,fvy k y fi dk c fi G hf uky d if tmr rcH/ tm%myki dr f sm;ESihf wkd@ taygif;yg aiG&Sifa=u;&Sif ukr`%Drsm;twGuf v,f,majrrsm; tcsdefray; odrf;,lEkdifa&; vrf;&Sif;ay;onfh Oya' twnfjzpf&ef }uHhzGH@trwf OD;aX;OD;u }uKd;pm;aer_jzpfonf? v,form; jynfol tusK;d pD;yGm;ESihf qef@usio f nfh oabmxm;rsm; &Sa d ev#if aus;vufa'ozG@H +zKd;a&;/ qif&E Jr G ;f yg;r_ av#mc h sa&;qko d nfh vkyi f ef; b,fvv dk y k t f aumiftxnf azmfEi dk r f nfv/J 'gonfvnf; tajccHusonfh jy\em[k jrifonf? xkdjy\emrsKd;rsm; t&ifqkH; wkdufzsufz,f&Sm;EkdifrSomv#if v,f,m pkdufysKd; a&;u zG@H +zk;d wk;d wufa&; wjynfv;Hk taumiftxnfazmfEi dk v f r d r hf nf [k ,k=H unfonf? wwd, awmifov l ,form;rsm; toif;tyif; xlaxmifci G& hf a&;jy\em? ,ae@ tcse d w f i Gf awmifolv,form;rsm;ukd,fwkdif pnf;Hk; v_yf&Sm;vm=uonfhtajctaersm; =um;odae&onf/ Armjynf vlO;D a&. 70 &mcki dE f e k ;f ausmf &Sa d om awmifov l ,form; rsm;taejzifh uk, d y fi dk t f oif;tzG@J &SdoifhaeonfrSm =umay+yD? ,ckacwfvkd r=umc% ajr,m rw&m;odrf;ykdufcHae&r_jy\em/ au;+rDxa l jymr/_ pku d y f sK;d p&dwa f cs;aiG jyefrqyfEi dk I f pk+yHKzrf;qD; csKyfaESmifc=H u&onfh jy\em/ obm 0 ab;tEW&m,f trsm;qk;H usa&mufcp H m; &onfh jy\em/ ppfwyfu acsmqGJ ay:wmqGJ xifovkd tEkdifusifhcHae&onfhjy\em ponfh cHbufucsnf; &ifqkdifae=u&onfh awmifolv,form;rsm; taeESihf rdru d , dk u f dk tumtuG,, f E l i dk & f ef wOD;aumif; wa,mufaumif; oif;cGa J jz&Si;f aeIr&/ pkpkpnf;pnf; 0kdif0ef;&ifqkdif ajz&Sif;=uv#if tcsKd@tcuftcJawG ajz&Sif;ausmfv$m;Ekdifayvdrfhrnf? toif;tzG@J xlaxmif zG@J pnf;&mwGif rqvacwfuuJo h @dk tpk;d &uzG@J ay;onfh awmifov l ,form; aumifpDrsKd; zGJ@ay;v#if vufiif; awmifolv,form;rsm; }uKHawG@ae&onfh tusyftwnf;rsm;ukd ajz&Sif;ay;Ekdifrnfr[kwfonfhtjyif ajr,modrf;ykdufol ukr`%D. tcGifhxl;cH aiG&Sifa=u;&Sifrsm;ESifh tm%mykdifrsm; tusKd;wl ylaygif;xm;onfh zdESdyfa&;ud&d,m jzpfoGm;Ekdifonf? xkd@a=umifh ukd,fh tm;ukd,fukd; awmifolv,form;rsm;ukd,fwkdif or*~rsm; zGJ@pnf;Ekdif=uv#if taumif;qkH; jzpf vdrr hf nf[k jrifonf? Ttcsur f sm;onf wjynfv;Hk v,f,mpku d y f sK;d a&;u zG@H +zKd;wk;d wufa&;ESihf aus;vufa'o qif;&JEr G ;f yg;r_av#mc h sa&; vkyi f ef;rsm; atmifjrifEi dk & f ef t&ifq;Hk ajz&Si;f &rnfh tajc cHusonfh jy\emrsm;jzpfonf? OD;ode;f pdef tpk;d &u aus;vufa'o zG@H +zKd;a&;wk@d / qif&E Jr G ;f yg;r_ av#mc h sa&;wk@d paom tokH;tE_ef;awG pwif=um;vm&onf? }uHhzGH@0ef}uD; Akdvfausmfqef;u (7) }udrfajrmuf tmqD,H aus;vufa'o zG@H +zKd;a&;ESihf qif&E J r G ;f yg;r_av#mc h sa&; 0ef}uD;tqift h pnf;ta0; wufa&muf+yD; jrefrm EkdifiH. qif;&JEGrf;yg;r_ tajctaeonf 2005 ckESpfwGif 32 &mckdifEkef; &Sd&mrS 2010 jynfhESpfrSm 26 &mckdifEkef;okd@ av#mhenf; usqif;vmcJha=umif;jzifh wifjyxm;onfukd 2011/ Ekd0bFmvxkwf jrefrmh tvif; owif;pmrSm awG@&onf? ukvor*~ zGH@+zKd;r_ tpDtpOfESifh yl;wGJaqmif&Gufonfh bufpkH tdrfaxmifpktajctae aexkdifr_tajctae tuJjzwfr_ ppfwrf;rsmt& [kqkdxm;jyefonf? 5ESpf twGif; 6 &mckdifEkef;avmuf av#mhcsEkdifonfhoabm ajymjcif;jzpfonf? zGH@+zKd;wkd;wufvmonf[k qkdcsif[efwlonf/ zGH@+zKd;I qif;&JEGrf;yg;r_ av#mhcsEkdifv#ifaumif;ygonf? 'Dvkdr[kwfbJ udef;*%ef; 43

awGom pm&if;xJu qif;&Jr_ av#mhcsaev#if EkdifiHESifhjynfoltwGuf rnfokd@r# t"dy`m,f &Sdrnf r[kwy f g? trSew f u,f qef;ppf=unfv#if 2005 ckEp S r f S 2010 t=um; 5 ESpw f m umvonf Armjynfwi G f xl;jcm;onfh jzpfpOfawG &Sc do hJ nf/ 2007 rSm avmifpmqDaps; jrifw h ufrr _ S tpjyKI a&$0ga&mif oHCmhvy _ & f m S ;r_}uD;ay:cJo h nf? ppftm%myki dr f sm; ESy d u f y G r f a _ =umifh yg0ifywfoufor l sm; aoaustemw& jzpfoljzpf / wcsKd@tzrf;cH&olcH&/ wcsKd@vnf; jynfyokd@ wdrf;a&Smif&olrsm; &Sc do hJ nf? aemuf 2008 rSm em*pfre k w f i dk ;f jzpfco hJ nf? Armjynforki d ;f rSm vltaotaysmuf trsm; qk;H ESihf a'owckv;Hk v,f,m/ uki d ;f u|e;f pku d y f sK;d a&;awG &p&mr&Sa d vmufatmif qk;H H;_ ysup f ;D cJh onf? xku d p d E P i Sy hf wfoufI armifxe G ;f vGif (rk;d av0o)u em*pfre k w f i dk jf zpfawmh aoqk;H oluyJ wpfoe d ;f cGa J usmy f gw,f? xdcu dk o f u l awmh 11 oef;cGa J usmy f gw,f? qk;H _;H r_uawmh jrefrmusya f iG bDv, D a H ygi;f wpfaomif;wpfaxmifausmy f gw,f? tqk;d qk;H uawmh vl 10 oef;ausma f vmufudk qif;&JwGif;eufoGm;apcJhwmyJ jzpfygw,f? vkd@ jynfol@acwf*sme,frSm azmfjyxm;onf? 'Dvkd tajctae 'Dumv tawmtwGi;f qif;&JEr G ;f yg;r_ av#mc h sEi dk c fo hJ nf qka d om 0ef}uD; Akv d a f usmf qef;. wifjycsuf udef;*%ef;rsm;ukd rnfokd@ todtrSwfjyK vufcH=u&rnfvJ rajymwwfyg? wckawmhh &So d nf ? Armjynfrm S tvkyt f uki d f &Sm;yg;I jynfytvkyx f u G v f y k =f u&ol ,aehtxd wk;d rsm;aeonf? vkyo f m; tiftm; 3 oef; rS 5 oef; txd jynfyrSm&Sa d e+yD; wjynfv;Hk vkyo f m; tiftm;. 10 &mcki dE f e _ ;f ausmt f xd &SE di dk o f nf[o k & d onf? jynfwi G ;f rSm avsmo h m G ;onfh vkyo f m; tiftm; rsm;vGe;f onf? aemuf em*pfab;oifh qk;H yg;oGm;onfh jynfol rsm; &Sa d o;onf/ TuJo h @dk jynfwi G ;f vlO;D a& avsmy h g;oGm;Eki dr f u _ dk Akv d a f usmq f ef;u qif;&J EGr;f yg;r_ av#mc h sEi dk o f nf[k qkv d dk aeonfavm pOf;pm;p&mjzpfonf? jynfwi G ;f xkwf *sme,fwpfaqmif. ar;/ ajz/ cef;rSm w&m;v$wa f wmfa&S@ae wOD; &Si;f jycsux f w J i G f v,f,majr Oya'opfu v,f,majr wk;d wufa&;ukd yk+d yD;awmh wGe;f tm; ay;r,fh Oya'vkd@yJ ajymvkd@&r,f/ awmifolv,form;b0ukd jrifhwifr,fvkd@awmh ajymvkd@ &csir f & S r,f? Eki di fa H wmf&@J v,f,majru}uD;ukd jriw hf ifwmawmh jzpfEi dk w f ,f? tJonftxJrm S tcsKd@ awmifolv,form;awG awmifolv,form;b0uae aysmufoGm;Ekdifw,fwJh? aemuf ol quf&i S ;f jywmu vufiw k v f uf&if; v,form;bufu =unf& h if tcsK@d t&rf;epfemw,f/ 'g 0rf;enf;p&myJ/ pepfopfu v,f,majr tcef;u zG@H +zKd;atmifvy k w f mvnf; 0rf;omp&mayg h vk@d qx dk m;onf? xka d &S@ae ajymonfh pepfopft& v,f,majr zG@H +zKd;a&;qko d nfrm S ukr% ` }D uD; awGu ajr,mawG odr;f yku d f vkyu f i dk a f e=uI wjynfv;Hk ae&mtES@H jy\emay:ae+yD r[kwv f m;/ Oya' ta[mif;yJjzpfjzpf/ topfyJjzpfjzpf t&if;cHjy\emonf tm%mykdifrsm;taeESifh vlrsm; pkjzpfonfh awmifov l ,form; tusK;d =unfr h vm;/ vlenf;pk ukr% ` }D uD;awG tusK;d =unfr h vm; qkdonfhjy\emyifjzpfonf? vufawG@tm;jzifh ukr`%D}uD;awGbufu tusKd;&Sdae+yD; awmif olv,form;tcsKd@ ajr,mvufvGwfqkH;_H;I vkyfukdifpm;p&mr&Sd jzpfaeonf? ukr`%Dykdif&Sif qko d nfrm S vnf; tm%myki dr f sm;ESihf wk@d taygi;f yg vlwpkyif r[kwy f gvm;? v,f,m pku d y f sK;d a&;uESifh aus;vufzGH@+zKd;a&;/ qif;&JEGrf;yg;r_ av#mhcsa&; vkyfief; taumiftxnf azmfEkdif/ razmfEi dk f rajymEki da f yr,fh v,f,majr Oya'opfu acwfopf ajr,m vuf0g;}uD;tkyf t&if;&Sif }uD;awG arG;xkwfay;aer_ukdawmh aocsmayguf ajymEkdifayonf?

armifpe da f omf
S

44

tawG ; tac:

Eki di fa H &; '\e vrf;cGa J y:rS nDnw G a f &; jy\em (ESif;a0&nf)

Armjynf EkdifiHa&;rsufESmpmY trsKd;om;'Drkdua& pDtzGJ@csKyfygwD rSwfykHwifoifhovm;/ rwif oifhbl;vm;/ a&G; aumufyGJ 0ifoifhovm;/ r0ifoihfbl;vm;-qkdonfh EkdifiHa&; ykpm > wyk'f ay:ayguc fo hJ nf? jynfwi G ;f jynfy Eki di fa H &; tiftm;pk rsm;ESifh urBmhEkdifiH}uD;wcsKd@yg qufpyfpOf;pm;cJh&aom ykp>m vnf; jzpfcJhonf? ykp>may;cJholu OD;odef;pdef ppfwykdif;tpkd;& jzpfonf? ajzqk& d rnfo h u l 90 ckEp S f ygwp D ' Hk r D u dk a&pD a&G;aumufyY JG toJ =um;u rJwjym;ukd trsm;tjym; &&Sdum tpkd;&zGJ@EkdifcGifh&cJh aom NLD ygwD jzpfonf? 88 ta&;tcif;twGi;f u ppfwyf u ypfcwfI aoG;tvdrf;vdrf; pGef;xif;cJh&aom rJqEN&Sif vlrsKd; pkH jynfoltaygif;wkd@u ar#mfvifhcsuf}uD;rm;pGmjzifh ppfu|ef b0rS vGwa f jrmufa&;twGuf rJqENrsm; ay;cJ=h uonf r[kwf avm? ykp>m&Sif OD;odef;pdeftpkd;&rSm 2008 zGJ@pnf;ykH tajccH Oya't& ay:ayguv f maom 2010 ckEp S f ygwp D Hk a&G;aumufyY JG npfenf;rsKd;pkHjzifh rJqEN&Sifwoef;u uef@uGufrJ ay;onfh=um; u tEkdif&cJhaom ppfwykdif; tpkd;& jzpfonf? 2010 ckESpf a&G;aumufyGJ tEkdif&r_onf 1962 ckESpf uwnf;u wqufwpyfwnf; tm%m&,lcJhaom ppftm %m&Sip f epf. atmifvH qufvuf v$ix hf E l i dk jf cif;yif jzpfonf? 2008 zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya't& ay:aygufcJh aom 2010 ckESpf v$ w f a wmf a bmif t wG i f ; ok d @ 'D r k d u a&pD t if t m;pk r sm; tv#Kdtv#Kd 0ifa&mufjcif;onf OD;odef;pdef ppfwydkif;tpkd;&tm; EkdifiHwum rsufESmpmY w&m;0if yHhykd;ay;&m a&mufcJhayonf? NLD onf tqkdyg yHhykd;r_ vrf;a=umif;ay:okd@ av#muf vSrf;cJhacs+yDavm? a':atmifqef;pk=unf tdrfcsKyfrS vGwfajrmufvm+yD; aemuf OD;odef;pdeftpkd;&tzGJ@rS wm0ef&Sdyk*~Kdvfrsm;/ orRw polwkd@ESifh qifhuJawG@qkHjcif;rSaeI auseyftm;&onf/ yl; aygif ; aqmif & G u f E k d i f o nf qk d a om oabmxm;rS tpjyK 45 jrpfzsm;cHum Tvrf;a=umif;ay:okd@ av#mufvSrf;cJhjcif; jzpfonf? T yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G a f &; a&pDa=umif;onf NLD ygwD. 90 ckESpf &v'fqkyfudkifa&;utp/ tm%mzdqef a&;wkdufyGJtv,f/ a&$*kHwkdifa=unmcsuf rltm;vkH;ukd wkdufpm;oGm;acs+yDavm? Ta&pD;a=umif; EkdifiHa&;0ef;usifonf OD;odef;pdef tpk d ; &tm; Ek d i f i H w umh r suf E S m pmY rsuf E S m yef ; yG i f h v m atmif vkyfay;vkdufovkd jzpfoGm;onf? EkdifiHwumh oHwrefrsm;/ EkdifiH}uD;rsm;rS txl; ukd,fpm;vS,fawmf}uD;rsm;/ ukvor*~ txl;oHwref }uD;rsm; acsmif;aygufatmif vma&mufcJh=u+yD? tmqD,H tvSnfhus OuUtjzpfyif Armjynftpkd;&u wm0ef ,l& awmhrnf? jynf w G i f ; jynf y 'D r k d u a&pD t if t m;pk t csKd @ ES i f h taemuf'Drkdua&pDEkdifiH}uD;tcsKd@u ArmjynfEkdifiHa&;Y rjynfhpkHao;aom tajctaersm; &SdaeqJ jzpfaomfvnf; ajymif;vJr_wcsKd@um; &Sdacs+yD[k qkd=uonf? rS e f y gonf ? q,f p k E S p f w csKd @ ppf t m%mpk d ; rk d ; r_ umvwav#muf rawG@}uKHzl;aom vkyf[efwcsKd@ tajc taewcsKd@ ay:xGef;cJhonf? ,if;ay:xGEf;r_onf acgif; aqmif r _ t aetxm;wG i f omef a jymif ; vJ r _ w csKd @ om jzpfonf? ppftm%mtkyfpku npfax;aom ygwDpkH a&G; aumufyGJt& tm%mwzef jyef,l+yD; t&yfom; tpkd;& a,mifa,mif ajymif;jyEkdifcJhonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifh awG@qkHa&; t}udrf}udrf jiif;y,f&mrS awG@qkHjycJhonf? El;nGwf[ef &Sdvmonf? taysmhpm; pum;wcsKd@ ajymvm onf? pme,fZif;ydwfyifr_wcsKd@ zGifhay;vmonf? wzufY ppfa&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;? pD;yGm;a&;zdESdyfr_rsm;a=umifh jynfolvl vlxktwGif; +idrf;csrf;a&;/ 'Drkdua&pDa&;/ vl@tcGifhta&;

rsm;ESifh pD;yGm;a&; qkwf,kwfysufjym;r_rsm; qkd;&Gm;pGm }uKHawG@ae&qJ jzpfonf? jynfov l x l t k wGi;f cHpm;ae&aom txufazmfjyyg 'kuQ okuQrsm;tm; OD;odef;pdeftpkd;&. v$wfawmfwGif; 0ifa&mufyl; aygif;ajz&Sif;Ekdif&ef NLD rS qkH;jzwfcsufonf? a':atmifqef; pk=unfuvnf; 2008 ckESpf zGJ@pnf;ykH tajccHOya'ukd jyKjyifajymif; vJoGm;rnf[k au;a=umfoH ay;vkdufonf? Tokd@ NLD u OD;odef;pdeftpkd;& ykp>mukd ,cifu [ifhtif;[k jiif;qkdcJh&mrS ,ck tif;[k tajzay;vkdufjcif;onf ArmhEkdififiHa&;wGif ajymif;vJr_ wck [k qkE d i dk a f yonf? okd@aomf Armjynf vlrsKd;aygif;pkH jynfolvlxk}uD;w&yfvkH; cHpm;ae&aom 'kuQ okur Q S vGwa f jrmufa&;twGuf tajccHusus jyKjyifajymif;vJ&rnfhudpPrsm; &Sdayonf? OD;pGmtm;jzifh vwfwavm ajz&Sif;&rnfhudpP&yfrsm;rSm(u) wEkdifiHvkH; typftcwfrsm; vkH;0&yfqkdif;a&; (c) EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vkH; cif;csufr&Sd v$wfay;a&; (*) jynfolvlxktay: vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh tajccHvGwf vyfcGifhrsm; csKd;azmufum zdESdyfr_ vkyfaejcif;rsm;ukd &yfqkdif;a&; (C) vufeufukdifwkdufckdufaeaom vlrsKd;pktiftm; pkrsm;/ 'Drkdua&pDEkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkrsm;ESifh OD;odef;pdeftpkd;& ukd,f pm;vS,fwkd@ trskKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&; EkdifiHa&;aqG;aEG;yGJw&yf jyKvkyf&ef vkyfief;pOfw&yf a&;qGJ+yD; wkdif;jynfokd@ xkwfjyefa=unm ay;a&;udp& P yfwk@d jzpfayonf? OD ; od e f ; pd e f t pk d ; &taejzif h trS e f w u,f pd w f a umif ; apwem&Sa=umif; jyovkdygu Ttcsufrsm;tm; tcsdefwkdumv twGif; yxrtqifhtjzpf aqmif&Gufjyozkd@ vkdayonf? OD;odef;pdeftpkd;&taejzifh jynfolvlxktusKd;twGuf tajccHusaom jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;rsm; aqmif&Guf&ef atmufyg vkyfief;&yfwcsKd@ukd tav;teuf pOf;pm;&rnf jzpfayonf? - 2008 ck E S p f zG J @ pnf ; tk y f c sKyf y k H tajccH O ya'tm; 'Drkdua&pDukd tajccHaom rlrsm;t& ajymif;vJa&;qGJ&ef - jynfolvlxktm; tajccH'Drkdua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; cHpm;okH;pGJcGifh tjynfht0ay;&ef

- vlrsKd;pkjy\emtm; wef;wla&;/ ukd,fykdifjymef; cGifh&Sda&;ESifh pnf;vkH;nDnGwfaom ppfrSefonfhjynfaxmifpk pepf w&yf azmfxw k a f &;qka d om tcsur f sm;tay: tajccH+yD; ajz&Sif; ay;&ef - ppfAsL&kdu&uf vuf0g;}uD;tkyf pD;yGm;a&;pepfukd zsufodrf;+yD; trSDckduif;aom/ vGwfvyfaom/ jynfolvlxk acsmif v nf z G H @ +zKd ; aom trsKd ; om;pD ; yG m ;a&;w&yf a&;qG J taumiftxnfazmf&ef - trsKd;om;vGwfvyfa&;ESifh wkdif;jynf. tcsKyf tjcm tm%mykdifr_ukd umuG,fapmifhxdef;&ef txufyg tajccHrlrsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsmukd aqmif &GufEkdifrSomv#if trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;/ +idrf;csrf; a&;/ 'D r k d u a&pD a &;/ trsKd ; om;pD ; yG m ;a&;ES i f h trsKd ; om; vGwfvyfa&;wkd@tm; trSefwu,f azmfaqmifEkdif+yD; a&&Snf wnfwHhatmif xdef;odrf;amifhaaa&SmufEkdifvdrfhrnf[k ,lqrd ayonf? okd@jzpfI OD;odef;pdeftpkd;&ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvkd aom tiftm;pkrsm;onfvnf;aumif;/ ryl;aygif;vkdaom tiftm;pkrsm;onfvnf;aumif;/ OD;odef;pdeftpkd;&twGif;rS jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;vkdvm;olrsm;onfvnf;aumif;/ OD;odef; pd e f t pk d ; &w&yf v k H ; onf v nf ; aumif ; Armjynf o pf jyef vnfwnfaqmufa&;twGuf trSefwu,f pdwfaumif; apwem &Sdonfqkdygu txufyg EkdifiHa&;tajccHrl ig;csuf tay: pdww f o l abmwl yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G o f m G ;oifa h yonf? okd@rSom ,ae@ajymqkdaeaom ArmhEkdifiHa&; +idrf;csrf;pGm jzpf ay:a&;vrf ; a=umif ; qk d o nf r S m rk c s jzpf a y:vmEk d i f + yD ; tem*wfArmjynfopf rvGJraoG ay:aygufjzpfxGef;vmEkdif vdrfhrnf[k ,kH=unf,lqrdygonf? txufyg y%mrtqifh tajccHEkdifiHa&;rlrsm;ukd taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Guf&ef tm;enf;aeygu 21 &mpk tm&yfurBmrS jzpf&yfrsm;ESifhtvm;wl vlxkayguf uGJr_rsKd;rSwqifhomv#if acwfrDrD jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;rsm; ay:aygufvmEkdifayvdrfhrnf? ?

(ESi;f a0&nf)

46

twKy`wdW

u|er f qufa&;csia f om azazhta=umif;rsm; (trSwf 25)

1950 ckEp Sr f sm;twGi;f u Akv d a f tmif}u;D (b,ftpGe) f ukd azaz/ ararwk@d Ei St hf wl awG@&ykH

qd& k , S v f pfwyfrL S ;rsm; tyki d ;f (1) Akv d a f tmif}uD; vSausma f Zm

azaz&J@ uk, d w f i dk a f &; twKy`wp dW mtkyu f dk "l0p H may wkdufu 2007 ckESpfrSm xkwfa0cJhygw,f? pmtkyfxGuf vm+yD;aemuf pmtkya f 0zefa&;awGvnf; tawmfxu G f vm ygw,f? 'DtxJu vGwv f yfwhJ tm&StoH (RFA) pm0ki d ;f ay0ki d ;f pum;0ki d ;f tcef;u (a':)arpm&J@ a0zefcsua f wGxJ u ta=umif;t&mwckrm S - pma&;ol[m yk*Kd~ vfa&;t& b,fo@l ur dk S ykwc f wfa0zef a&;om;jcif; rjyKcJb h ;l ? rdru d dk 'kuQ ay;cJo h r l sm;uka d wmif ra&;rjzpf a&;zk@d vkt d yfoavmufom a&;om;xm;w,fvkd@ rSwfcsufjyKoGm;ygw,f? wcg 1960 ckESpfrsm;twGif; azaz jynfwGif;+idrf; csr;f a&;tzG@J rm S v_y& f m S ;aewke;f u e,fc&D;wckutjyef rD;& xm;ay:rSm vlwa,mufu azazem;csOf;uyfvm+yD; Akdvf csKyf&,f u|ea f wmf ppfjyef&a J bmfwOD;yg? Akv d c f sKyfudk Akv d c f sKyf toufu,fxm;wJhvlawGu jyef'kuQay;wmukd AkdvfcsKyfu 'DvkdyJ cHaeawmhrvm;? olwkd@tay: enf;enf;rS pdwfrem bl;vm;vkd@ vmajymwJhtcg azazu bmrSjyefrajymbJ &,fya J ew,fv@dk azazeJ@twl ygom G ;wJh u|er f wk@d tpfu0 dk rf; uGw J a,mufu jyefajymjyzl;ygw,f? (tJ'o D u l qk& d , S v f pf wyfrL S ;wOD;jzpfwhJ Akv d a f rmifarmif-aemifAv dk r f L S ;csKyf/ tpPa&; oHtrwf}uD;)ukd &nf!ef; [efwlygw,f?) azaz&J@ pmtkyfxJrSm olwyfuxGuf&wJhtykdif;rSm Akv d a f tmif}uD;ta=umif; a&;xm;&mrSm pmav;ESpa f =umif;yJ &Sdygw,f? 47 Akv d a f tmif}uD;rSm Eki di fa H &;xuf yk*Kd~ vfa&; &mxl; twGuy f g u|ea f wmfu h dk qef@usir f _ tvGejf yif;xef+yD; u|ef awmfhtay: yk*~dKvfa&;t&vnf; tvGefrkef;wD;ygonf? u|efawmfwyfwGif;&Sdaeoa&G@ ol@taeeJ@ u|efawmfhukd ausmfum xdyfa&mufzkd@ rjzpfEkdifyg tJoavmufyJ a&;xm;ygw,f? u|ef r wk d @ armif E S r wawG u k d v nf ; i,f p Of u wnf;u wk@d rm S vly* k Kd~ vft& &efol wa,mufrS r&Sb d ;l ? tm;vHk;eJ@ oifhwifatmif qufqH=uvkd@ oif=um;ay; wwfygw,f? txl;ojzifh azazyifpif,l+yD; u|efrwdk@ rdom;pk prf;acsmif;&yfuu G x f J ajymif;vm+yD;aemuf t&yf olt&yfom;rsm;eJ@ qufqH&mrSm tqifajyatmif quf qHz@dk azazu t+rJoe G o f ifavh&y dS gw,f? 'g azaz&J@ tajccHpw d " f mwfyg? 'gayrJh azazvnf; vlom;yJav? wcgw&H a&S;a[mif;aESmif;jzpfawG ajym&if; u pdwt f csOa f yguv f m&ifyjJ zpfjzpf a=umif;udpP wku d q f i dk f vm&ifyJjzpfjzpf (ol@pdwfxJrSm tcktcHjzpfaewJh qkd&S,f vpfwyfrL S ;awGe@J ywfouf+yD;) pdwv f u dk r f mefyg ajymqdw k m awG u|er f wk@d a&S@rm S awmh &Sc dy hJ gw,f? azazajymjycJhzl;wm wcsdK@ u|efrjyefajymjyygr,f? a[h-olwkd@ qdk&S,fvpfwyfrSL;awG b,folrsm; aumif ; aumif ; ppf w k d u f w wf o vJ ? Ak d v f a tmif } uD ;

qkv d nf; 'Davmuf}uD;wJh &mxl;}uD;om ,lxm;wm/ wcgrS ppf rwku d z f ;l bl;? Akv d a f rmifarmifvnf; wyGy J J wku d z f ;l w,f? olwu dk f wJhyGJrSm wyfvnf;ysuf/ olvnf; oHk@yef;jzpfwmyJwJh? (rSwc f suf 1949 ckEp S u f Akv d r f L S ;}uD;armifarmif ajrmufyi dk ;f wkdif;rSL;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifpOf rdwDvmrSm autif'Dtkd rsm;&J@ tzrf;cH&+yD; 2 ESpfeD;yg; oHk@yef;tjzpf aecJh&ygw,f?) Akv d a f tmif}uD;[m wyfxv J m+yD; qk& d , S v f pfygwu D , dk p f m; vS,fqkd+yD; AkdvfusaewmyJ-vkd@vnf; ajymzl;ygw,f? 'Dae&mrSmawmh azazhtjrifeJ@ OD;ausmf+idrf;(zqyvacwf jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;ESifh 'k0ef}uD;csKyf) tjrifu wlaeygw,f? OD;ausm+f idr;f uvnf; -Akv d a f tmif}uD;[m igw@dk ygwx D J vm +yD; wyfukd,fpm;vS,fqkd+yD; AkdvfusaewmyJvkd@ ol@om;rsm;ukd ajymzl;a=umif; od&ygw,f? (rSwc f suf OD;ausm+f idr;f ajymwJh igw@dk ygwq D w dk m 1945 ckEp S f u olw@dk wawG zG@J pnf;cJ=h uwJh jynfo@l ta&;awmfyy kH gw/D aemif qk& d , S v f pfygwu D dk qkv d w dk myg?) wu,fawmh Akdvfatmif}uD;[m orkdif;t& acolr[kwf ygb;l ? 1300 jynfh ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyu kH wnf;u ol@Zmwd aygif;wnf +rdK@&J@ ausmif;om;or*~rSm OD;aqmifyg0ifcJh+yD; BIA umvrSmvnf; *syefu t&ifapmjyefvmcJhwJh Akdvfae0if;wkd@eJ@ aygif;+yD; ajratmufv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;rSm yg0if+yD; *syefawmfvSefa&; rSmvnf; wki d ;f (1) eJ@ wki d ;f (2) wk@d rm S wm0ef}uD;awG xrf;aqmif cJHzl;olyg? 'gayrJh ol[mvnf; Akv d a f e0if;vky d J wuk, d & f nf }uD;yGm; vkdpdwf jyif;xefolygyJ? *syefacwfrSm (BDA acwf) AkdvfcsKyf atmifqef;&J@ v_@H aqmfcsue f @J wyfrawmfxJ vSr d 0 hf ifvmwJh ynm wwftkyfpkukd oleJ@Akdvfarmifarmif ESpfa,mufaygif;+yD; pnf;Hk; odr;f oGi;f cJy h gw,f? *syefawmfve S a f &;qdw k mukd ta=umif;jy+yD; wyfwi G ;f rSm *d% k ;f *%v_y& f m S ;r_awGvy k c f +hJ yD; txl;ojzifh *syefjyef &Jabmfo;kH usy d 0 f ifrsm; (tJ'u D mvu wyfwi G ;f &mxl;}uD;rsm; & xm;olrsm;) ukd qef@usifcJh=uygw,f? tJ'Dumvu xdyfwef; a&muf &JabmfoHk; usdyf0ifawG[m uGefjrLepfygwDeJ@ eD;pyf=uol rsm;ygw,f? 'ga=umifhyJ olwkd@u tusifhpm&dwWt& ,kdifeJ@+yD; b,fvr dk S uGejf rLepfe@J reD;pyfEi dk w f hJ (&Jabmfo;kH usy d 0 f if trsm;pk&@J av;pm;r_vnf; rcH&bJ waumifuuf jzpfaewJ) h Akv d a f e0if;ukd q&mwif/ ajrawmifajrmuf+yD; *dk%f;tkyfpk zGJ@cJh=uwmygyJ? AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; ouf&Sdxif&Sm;&SdpOfuawmh wyfxJu 'Dvkyf[efawGukd ol@yk*~dKvfa&;=oZmeJ@ xdef;odrf;EkdifcJhygw,f? AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ukd,fwkdifuvnf; Akdvfatmif}uD;ukda&m/ Akdvfarmifarmifukda&m olwkd@&J@ tajccHtm;aumif;csufrsm; a=umifh ESp+f cdKufoabmusc+hJ yD; bufpu kH arG;jrLysKd ;axmifay;cJy h kH &ygw,f? 'ga=umifhyJ 1947 ck/ wkdif;jyKjynfjyK v$wfawmf a&G; aumufyGJrSm ocifatmif}uD;tjzpf (wyfrS xGuf+yD; EkdifiHa&; 48

bufajymif;apum) jynf ta&S@yi dk ;f trwftjzpf zqyvrS 0ifa&muf ta&G;cHckdif;vkd@ v$wfawmftrwf jzpfoGm;cJhzl;yg w,f? 'gayrJh Akv d c f sKyfw@dk usq;kH +yD; zqyvtzG@J }uD;vnf; vuf ,morm;rsm;jzpfwJh qkd&S,fvpf*kd%f;u tkyfpD;rdoGm;csdefrSm awmh Akdvfatmif}uD;[m qkd&S,fvpfygwD ukd,fpm;vS,f tjzpf wyfxJjyefa&mufcJhygw,f? 0ef}uD;csKyfom jzpfvm& w,f- wu,fE h i dk i fa H &;tiftm;pk atmufajccHr&Sw d hJ OD;Ek[m qk& d , S v f pfygwD tvku d s vkya f qmifvm&+yD; Akv d a f tmif}uD; ukd umuG,a f &;Xme ygvr D eftwGi;f 0eftjzpf pay;+yD; tJ'u D rSwqifh wyfxJ jyefa&mufvm&mrSm yxrawmh vJA;D wyf (aemif ppf0efxrf;wyf) qkw d m&J@ wyfrif;}uD;tjzpf Akv d r f L S; }uD;tqifh wku d f u dk a f y;+yD; 1950 ckEp S r f m S awmh ppfO;D pD;Xme (ppfHk;csKyf) ukd OD;pD;vkdufEkdifygawmhw,f? ppf;kH csKyf (War Office) [m wyfwi G ;f &mxl; twuf tus tajymif;ta&$@awG/ EkdifiHjcm; ynmawmfoifcGifhawG tm;vH;k ukd uki dx f m;wJX h me jzpfavawmh tcGit hf a&; vkc d sif olawGtm;vHk;&J@ 0kdif;0ef;tm;xm;+yD; tm;ukd;tm;xm; &Sm&m Xme}uD; jzpfom G ;ygawmhw,f? jynfwi G ;f ppf jyif;xef vmcse d r f m S raoraysmuf H;k xki dv f y k i f ef;awG vkc d siw f hJ wyfr awmf t&m&Sdrsm;uvnf; olwkd@ukd uyf&/ a&S@wef;rSm ppf wkdufae&wJh wyfawGuvnf; aemufykdif;u axmufyHha&; ypPn;f rsm; jynfjh ynfp h p kH kH &&Sz d @dk / vkt d yfoavmuf &&Sz d @dk tJ'D ppf;kH csKyfu vlawGuy kd J tm;uk;d &eJ@ Akv d a f tmif}uD;wk@d b,f avmuf=oZm}uD;cJhr,fqkdwm cef@rSef;=unfhEkdifygw,f? 'Dae&mrSm u|er f Oyrmwck ajymyg&ap? 1954-55 ckEp S r f sm;twGi;f azaz wkwjf zLppfqifa&; rsm; qifEa J$ epOfumvu jzpf&yfrsm;yg? azaz[m tJ'w D e k ;f u Akv d r f L S ;csKyftqife h @J ajrmufyi dk ;f wki dr f L S ;tjzpf wm0efxrf; aqmifaewmyg? azaz[m a&S@wef;rSmyJae+yD; ppfqifa&; awG u k d wk d u f k d u f u G y f u J a ewmyg? tJ ' D u ae vk d t yf w J h vufeufcJ,rf;rD;ausmuf/ ppfultiftm;/ txl;axmufyHh a&;ypPnf; (Oyrm-aq;0g;/ tm[m&pojzifh) pwJh ypPnf; awGukd ppfHk;csKyfu vmwJh ppfOD;pD;t&m&SdawGukd aemuf wef;jyefjyef+yD; wifjy awmif;cH&ygw,f? tJ'Dwkef;u Akdvf atmif}uD;u ppfOD;pD;Xmewm0efcH AkdvfrSL;}uD;tqifheJ@yg? olw@dk u tE&m,f}uD;vSwhJ a&S@wef;txd rvmygb;l ? azaz u a&S@wef;uae rki d ;f qwfv/dk usKd if;wkv H dk av,mOfui G ;f &Sw d hJ ae&mawG jyef+yD; olwkd@eJ@ aqG;aEG;awmif;qdk&wmyg? Akdvf atmif}uD;yJ OD;pD;+yD; vmwwfygw,f? tJ'u D mvu olw@dk u jynfwGif;ppfwkdfufzkd@yJ (atmifrmC ppfqifa&;twGuf jyif qifaecsdefyg) tm;oefaevkd@/ wkwfjzLppfajrjyiftwGuf vdt k yfcsua f wG awmif;&wm odyf vuf0ifwmyJv@dk azazu

jyefajymzl;ygw,f? awmfao;w,f? tJ'Dwkef;u zq yvtpkd;&u vlxk&J@ zdtm;a=umifh wkwfjzLppfqif a&;awGukd tm;ay;axmufcHcJhvkd@ oufomwmvkd@ azazu qufajymcJhygw,f? tJ'gom=unfy h g? Adv k a f tmif}uD;wk@d b,favmuf =oZm}uD;cJhw,fqkdwm awG@Ekdifygw,f? 1958 ck E S p f td r f a pmif h t pk d ; & wuf v m+yD ; wJ h aemuf/ ppfwyfu pD;yGm;a&;vkyi f ef;awGjzpfwhJ DSI wk@d BEDC wkd@ukdyg vkyfaqmifvmwJhtcgrSmawmh b,f ajymp&m&Sa d wmhrvJ? 'D=um;xJ Akv d a f tmif}uD;uk, d w f i dk f OD;aqmif+yD; *syefppfavsmfa=u;udpP aqG;aEG;&mrSm pDrH udef; vkyfief;awG trsm;tjym; &&SdvkdufwJhtcgrSm awmh/ Adkvfatmif}uD;wkd@ =oZmtwufqHk; umvvkd@ awmif ajymvk@d &r,fxifygw,f? tJ'D *syefu&wJh pDrH udef;awGukd Akdvfatmif}uD;u ol@nDjzpfwJh OD;atmif av;wk@d / ole@J tvGe& f if;ES;D wJh (ol&@J Proxy vk@d vnf; qkdEkdifwJh) OD;aZmf!Gef@/ a':xl; (xl;ukr`%Dykdif&Sifrsm;) wkd@ukd cGJa0ay;+yD; vkyfaqmifapcJhygw,f? 'ga=umify h J 1963 ckEp S f ol@udk t+idr;f pm;ay;vku d f +yD;aemuf/ Akv d a f e0if;u atmif}uD;pm;xm;or#awGudk iga h jcreJ@ jyefaumfxw k r f ,fv@dk }udr;f 0g;zl;ygw,f? Akv d f ae0if;u Akv d a f tmif}uD; =oZm}uD;vmr_[m ol@ xki df cHk v_yfvmapw,f/ ol@ajc&m wkdif;vmwmjzpfw,f vkd@vnf; ylyefvmyHk&ygw,f? 'Dae&mrSm Akdvfae0if;[m ol@ae&mwpHkw&m ckdifrmvm&if ol@ukd tJ'Dae&mwifay;cJhwJh b,faus; Zl;&Siu f r kd S csr;f omray;bl;qkw d m 'kw, d t}udra f jrmuf awG@Ekdifygw,f? (yxrt}udrfuawmh wnf+rJacgif; aqmifawGudka&m/ wyfwGif;u qkd&S,fvpfwyfrSL;rsm; ukd 1962 ckEp S f ppftm%modr;f +yD;aemuf ajz&Si;f vku d f wJhudpPyg?) Akdvfatmif}uD;[m Akdvfae0if;ukd ycHk;eJ@xrf;+yD;/ tJ'Dae&mawG a&mufatmifwifay;cJhygw,f? Akdvfae 0if;ukd,fwkdifu Akdvfatmif}uD;ukd jzKwfcs+yD;aemuf/ pdwr f vH[ k ef&y dS & kH +yD;/ 'ga=umify h J bma=umifh Akv d a f tmif }uD;ukd jzKwf&wJhta=umif;awGukd (olk@rqvtwGuf tm;ukd; tm;xm;jyKae&wJh) ocifwifjrwkd@ tkyfpkukd &Sif;jywJhta=umif;t&mawG ,ckwavm *sme,fawG rSm olw@dk jyefa&;wmawG awG@ae&ygw,f? Akv d a f e0if;&J@ &nf&G,fcsufu (tJ'Docifwifjrwkd@tkyfpk ylyefaumif; ylyefEi dk w f ) hJ ol[m bk&m;+yD; jirf;zsuw f hJ vlpm;r[kwf a=umif;/ Akdvfatmif}uD;ukd ol t}udrf}udrf cGifhv$wfcJh a=umif;/ odyv f e G v f mrS rv$o J mrS vky& f wmjzpfa=umif;

pwmawGukd tJ'v D a l wGudk oG,0 f u dk p f m G &Si;f jyyH& k ygw,f? azazuawmh Akdvfatmif}uD;[m Akdvfae0if;tay: EkdifwJhzJcsyfawG &SdyHk&w,f? 'ga=umifh Akdvfae0if;u onf; nnf;cH aecJh+yD;/ aemufykdif; Akdvfatmif}uD; (*syefppfavsmf a=u;udpPrsm;rSm) pD;yGm;a&;udpPawG r&Sif;rvif;jzpfvmrS tjywf&i S ;f yH& k w,fv@dk qky d gw,f? azazuk, d w f i dk v f nf; uk, d f awG@}uHKzl;wm wck&Sdygw,f? wcgu azazwkd@ wyfrSL;rsm; nDvmcHusi;f yaepOf wif;epf+ydKifyw JG ck vkyz f ;l w,fw? hJ tJ'D ae@u azazu +ydKifyu JG _;H vd@k xGu& f +yD; t0wfvw J hJ tcef; 0ifvu dk w f t hJ cg tJ't D cef;xJrm S Adv k a f e0if;eJ@ Akv d a f tmif}uD; wk@d 2 a,muf pum;ajymae=uwm awG@&+yD; Akv d a f tmif}uD; [m Akv d a f e0if;xki da f ewJh cH& k n S w f ef;vsm;ay:rSm ajcaxmuf wzuf w if x m;+yD ; vuf w zuf u vnf ; cg;axmuf + yD ; pum;ajymaewmwJ? h azazhudk jrifrS Akv d a f tmif}uD;u ajc axmufcsvu dk +f yD; cg;uawmh qufaxmuf+rJ axmufxm; w,fw? hJ azazu olawG@z;l wmukd ajymjyzl;ygw,f? tJ'Dumvu Akdvfae0if; uHedrfhaecsdefyg? tdrfaxmif &So d l upfwb D oef; (a':cifaroef;) ukd ,lvu dk r f e _ @J zqyv tpkd;&u jzKwfzkd@ }udK;pm;aecsdefjzpfygw,f? tJ'Db0uae vGwa f jrmufatmif vkya f y;olawGxr J m S Akv d a f tmif}uD;[m tc&m tcef;u ygcJhyHk&ygw,f? 'ga=umifh 2007 ckEp S u f (OD;) jrwfci dk e f @J jyKvkyw f hJ awG@ qHkar;jref;cef;wckrSm Akdvfatmif}uD;u Akdvfae0if;eJ@ ukd,fu i,fi,fuwnf;u olvnf; pma&;/ ukd,fvnf; pma&;/ t&rf;cifw,fqw dk m [kww f ,f? uk, d u f b,fwe k ;f urS ol@q&m rjzpfcb hJ ;l ? oluvnf; uk, d u hf dk q&mrwif cJb h ;l ? ole@J u, dk w f @kd twlwl aezl;w,favvk@d ajymoGm; [ef wlygw,f? (pum;csyf-tJ'DawG@qHk ar;jref;cef;awGrSmyJ olu azaz[m tajccHenf;w,f? &nfrSef;csuf}uD;w,f? 'g a=umifh EkdifiHu xGufoGm;&w,fvkd@vnf; qkdxm;wmawG@ &ygw,f? 'ghtjyif ol@b0Zmwfa=umif; ajymoGm;&mrSm tpuwnf;u ausmif;om;b0uwnf;u acgif;aqmif csnf;yJ awmufav#mufvkyfvmcJhwmyg? b,fwkef;urS aemufvu dk f rjzpfcb hJ ;l ? Akv d c f sKyfatmifqef;uvnf; uk, d u hf dk vkyfazmfukdifzufvkdyJ oabmxm;cJhwmygvkd@ ajymxm; ygw,f? azazuawmh 'gawG zwf+yD; awmfao;w,f? Akv d f csKyfatmifqef;[m ukd,fhwynfhygvkd@ rajymwmvkd@qkd+yD; &,faecJhzl;ygw,f?) tJovkdom ajymaewm? Akdvfae0if;ukdawmh rjywf vSr;f zm;aewmygy? J 1988 ckEp S f 0ef;usir f sm;u xGuv f mwJh ol&J@Akdvfae0if;okd@ tdwfzGifhay;pmrsm;[m wzufu vnf; vlxt k kH ur_}uD;ukd ykr d w kd ufuvmatmif tusKd ;jyK cJhayr,fh wzufuvnf; tckjzpf&yfawGukd Akdvfae0if;u 49

bmrSrod&m S bJ atmufajc(Akv d w f ifazwk@d ty k p f u k kd &nf!e ;f yH& k ygw,f) u t&rf; av#mufvy k v f @dk jzpf&wm vkd@qkd+yD; Akdvfae0if;twGuf a&S@aevkdufxm;ay;wmyg? ol@tajccHpdwf"mwf (Adkvfae0if;ukd q&mwif+rJ wifcsifwJh pdwf"mwf) vnf; ay:ygw,f? 1989 ckEp S f ppfwyftm%modr;f +yD;aemuf u|er f wk@d ygw& D & dS m ta&S@ajrmufppfa'o yefqef;ukd a&muf vmwJh +rdK@ay:u oydwfarSmufausmif;om;awGxJu ausmif;om;wa,mufajymjyzl;wm&Sdygw,f? u|ef awmfwkd@u AkdvfcsKyfatmif}uD;ukdvnf; 'Drkdua&pDzcif}uD;tjzpf av;pm;cJhygw,f? 'gayrJh olu ppfwyfukd pdwfeJ@awmif rjypfrSm;eJ@vkd@ qkdvkdufcsdefrSmawmh ol[m 'DykwfxJu 'DyJyJ/ ppftm%m&Sifpepfukd umuG,f csifolyJqkdwm wcgwnf; oabmaygufoGm;ygw,f wJh? ArmjynfolawG&J@ EkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_ rkefwkdif;[m jyif;xefygw,f? trsdK;om;vGwfajrmufa&;v_yf&Sm;r_ qdw k m a&&Snq f ifE& J$ wJh wku d y fy JG g? jynfov l x l k tusKd ;pD;yGm;bufu &yfwnf+yD; worwfwnf; vkya f qmifz@kd qdkwm cufcJvSygw,f? armfpDwkef; ajymzl;ovkdyJ? udpPaumif; wckvkyfzdk@qdkwm vG,fw,f? woufvHk; vkyfaqmifoGm;zkd@[muawmh cufw,f qdkwJhtwkdif;ygyJ? vGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJrsm;rSm orkdif;vScJhwJh Akdvfatmif}uD;taeeJ@ vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;aemuf uGefjrLepfqef@ usia f &; (wu,fawmh jynfo@l tusKd ; qef@usia f &;)qdw k hJ au;a=umfoa H tmufrm S Armhwyfrawmfudk Akv d a fe 0if;&J@ wvufukdif a=u;pm;wyfjzpfatmif/ ppfAsLkdu&uf pepfw&yfay:aygufvmatmif vkyfaqmifay;cJhwJh Akdvfae0if;&J@vufHk; bufawmfom;wOD;jzpfcJhqdkwmawGudka&m/ 8 av;vHk;t+yD; EkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_awGrSm zsufjrif;tjzpfyg0ifcJhwmawGukda&m awG@&SdvmEkdifygw,f? 'ga=umifh jynfov l x l u k Akv d a f tmif}uD;ukd aemufyi dk ;f rSm prlqm-Adv k a f tmif}uD;vk@d emrnfay;vku d y f kH &ygw,f? jynfolvlxkuawmh b,fawmhrS rsufESmrvkdufygbl;?

vSausma f Zm
23/ Ek0 d ifbm/ 2011?

urBmh+idrf;csrf;a&; tm&S+idrf;csrf;a&; jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; +idrf;csrf;a&;tvHukd jrifhjrifhrm;rm; v$ifhxl=u?

50

awmfve Sa f &; twKy`wdW

nxJu =u,f
(OD;cifarmifjrifo h @dk trSww f & aumufa=umif;) 0if;wifx h e G ;f
(1)

ppftm%m&SifawG&J@ tusOf;axmifxJrSm tusOf;uscHae&&if;u OD;av;OD;cifarmifjrifhwa,muf ol&Jaumif;yD;opGm usqHk;oGm; &&Sm+yDqkdwJh owif;ukd e,fpyfwae&muae =um;vkduf& =um; vkduf&avcsif;/ u|efawmfhESvHk;om;wckvHk;[m wqwfqwf wkefaecJhygw,f? a=omf OD;av;w a,muf[m ol}udKwif jrifcJhajymcJhovkdyJ toufay;oGm;cJh&av+yD- toufay;oGm; &Smav+yD qdkwJhtodeJ@twl/ ESarsmpdwf wopdwf vGrf;armpdwfawG[mvnf; tqufrjywf yJhwifnHaecJhyg w,f? 1993 ckEp S u f tJ'n D rSm - wnvH;k yJ u|ea f wmf tdyf r&awmhyg? 'D t a&;awmf y H k } uD ; &J @ tqH k ; owf a tmif y G J u k d &zd k @ u|ef a wmf w d k @ awmf a wmf v k y f & vd r f h OD ; r,f ? 'D y G J r S m u|ef a wmf touf a y;&vd r f h r ,f ? ay;zk d @ vnf ; qH k ; jzwf x m;+yD ; yg+yD 'Drkdua&pD ta&;awmfyHk}uD;&J@ tcif;tusif;taetxm;awGudk oHk;oyfwGufcsuf ajymqkdae&if; u av;av;eufeuf xkwfazmf ajymqkdvkdufwJh wcsdefu OD;av;OD;cifarmifjrifh&J@ E_wfxGuf pum;oH [m u|efawmfh&J@ em;xJrSm tqufrjywf yJhwifcwfaeygw,f? us,fvmvkduf-wkd;vsoGm;vkduftqufrjywf-tqufrjywf jrnf[nf;aecJhygw,f? u|ea f wmf b,fvr dk S tdyv f @kd r&awmhyg? u|ea f wmft h cef;av;xJuae tjyifbufudk xGux f i dk a fe rd&if; trdArmjynfbufu aumif;uif,HqD vSrf;=unfhvkdufrdawmh arSmiftwdeJ@ nvGifjyifay:rSm =u,fawG =u,fawG ? wcsKd @u cyfre dS r fe dS /f wcsKd @u wvufvuf/ wcsKd @u odyr f a0;/ wcsKd @u [dk ta0;qDrm S tJ'n D u OD;av;udk tav;jyKzd@k u|ea f wmf uAsmwyk'f zG@J oa D erdygw,f? OD;cifarmifjrifh &J & if h e D j r/ *k % f a jymif v S o nf h b0oef@pif/ tkd - =u,fpif

51

&ifxJrSm tmHk&J@ ac:oHtwkdif; pwifvkdufygw,f? OD;av;&J@ kyfyHkv$m[m u|efawmfh tmHkay:rSm wck+yD;wck ay:vmaeygw,f? OD;av;&J@Zmwd[m a';'&Jyg? OD;av; arG;zGm;vmcJh &wJh tcse d [ f m tarSmifacwf/ t*Fvy d & f @J vufatmuf u|eo f abmuf acwf}uD; twGi;f rSmyg? e,fcsJ@t*FvdyfawG atmifjrifpGm qkwfcGmjcif;jyK=u/ zufqpf*syefawG bufeufwum;um;eJ@ 0ifvm=ucsdefrSm OD;av;[m q,fausmfouft&G,fyg? zufqpfawGukd armif;xkwfEkdifzdk@ zuf qpfawmfvSefa&;}uD;twGuf ppfwkdif;awG cGJjcm;owfrSwf=ucsdefrSm a';'&Je,f[m wkdif; (2) xJrSm ygygw,f? ocifpkd;[m zufqpfawmf vSefa&;}uD;wckvHk;&J@ EkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmifjzpfHkru wki d ;f (2) &J@ Eki di fa H &;acgi;f aqmiftjzpfvnf; wm0ef,+l yD;/ wki d ;f (2) &J@ ppfa&;acgi;f aqmif uawmh Akdvfae0if;jzpfcJhygw,f? tJ'Dwkef;u touf q,fhav;ig;ESpfom;t&G,fom &Sdao;wJh OD;cifarmifjrifh[m ocifpkd;eJ@ Akdvfae0if;t=um; pmay;pm,lqufom;vkyfay;cJh&&if; i,fi,f &G,f&G,feJ@ awmfvSefa&;twGuf aumif;usdK;jyKcJh&olwa,muf jzpfcJhygw,f? Armjynf}uD; vGwf vyfa&; a=unmEkdif+yD;wJhaemuf &efukef wuUokdvfrSm wuUokdvfausmif;om; wa,mufjzpf vm&awmhvnf; tJ'Dwkef;u tkyfpkd;ol zqyvtpkd;&eJ@ t+rJvkdvkd xdyfwkdufwkd;ae&wJh ausmif;om;or*~}uD;&J@ awmfvSefwufuwJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwa,muftjzpf a&S@ wef;uae yg0if&yfwnf v_yf&Sm;cJhygw,f? tJ'Duae ausmif;om;b0vGefajrmufvdk@ EkdifiHa&; e,fxJ a&mufvm&wJh tcsdefrSmvnf; tkyfpkd;ol tm%m&rsm;&J@ rsufpdpyg;arG;pl;cH twkduf tcHyrnwtzGJ@}uD;&J@ obmywdtzGJ@0ifwa,muftjzpf &J&J&ifh&ifh &yfwnfv_yf&Sm;cJhol wa,muf jzpfvmcJh&jyefygw,f? twkduftcH yrnw wyfaygif;pk}uD;xJrSm jynfol@wkd;wuf a&;ygwD[m tzGJ@0ifEkdifiHa&;ygwDw&yftjzpf wkd;wufwJh EkdifiHa&;ygwDw&yftjzpf yg0ifv_yf &Sm;cJh+yD; jynfol@wkd;wufa&;ygwD&J@ twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJh&csdefrSm OD;av;[m touf 30 0ef;usiy f J &Sy d gao;w,f? 1962 ckEp S r f m S awmfve S a f &;aumifpq D w dk hJ qki d ;f bkwe f @J Akv d a f e0if; ppfty k p f k wufvm+yD; Akv d a f e0if;u qk& d , S v f pfteH@av;ukd jyvku d w f hJ tcse d r f m S 0d"& l ocif cspfarmifwdk@ tygt0if yrnwacgif;aqmifwcsdK@/ vuf0Jorm;qkdolwcsdK@ ol@xufig t+ydKif tqkdif +cHckeful;zkd@ ppfwyfu tm%modrf; wufvmwkdif; ppftm%m&Sifr[kwfwkd@/ Adkvf ae0if;&J@ awmfvSefa&;aumifpDrSm wkd;wufwJh vuQ%m&Sdw,fwkd@eJ@ tmabmfzefwD;vm=u csdefrSmvnf; OD;cifarmifjrifh[m rsufpdvnfoGm;olawGxJ rygHkru ppftpkd;&ukd ppftpkd;&vkd@yJ jywfjywfom;om; jrifco hJ l jzpfygw,f? wufvm+yD;+yD;csi;f - 7 &ufZv l i dk f ausmif;om; ta&; awmfyHk}uD;ukd +zdKcGif;/ ausmif;om;awGukd aoG;csif;csif;eDatmif ypfowf/ orkdif;0if ausmif; om;or*~ taqmuftOD}uD;ukd AHk;eJ@cGJypfvkdufwmawmif AkdvfcsKyf}uD; ae0if;[m qkd&S,fvpf vrf;a=umif;twkdif; oGm;zkd@vkyfaewmjzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh 'DqJAif;*sLvkdif ausmif;om;ta&; tcif;[m qkd&S,fvpf oaE<om;-om;av#matmifvkyfwJh vkyf&yf-tjzpf ajymwJholawGu ajymqkdvmwJhtcg/ qJAif;*sLvkdifta&;awmfyHk}uD;bufuae jywfjywfom;om; &yfwnf+yD;/ 'D ajymqkdcsufukd rSwfwrf;wifay;xm;ygvkd@ yrnwtpnf;ta0;rSm &J&J0Hh0Hhawmif;qkd ajym=um; uef@uGufcJhol[m b,folxifygovJ? OD;av;OD;cifarmifjrifhyg? jynfol@wkd;wufa&;ygwD twGif; a&;rSL; OD;cifarmifjrifhqdkwm orkdif;odolwkdif; od=uygw,f? tJ'Daemuf 1963 ckESpfxJrSm jynf wGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;/ awG@qHkaqG;aEG;yGJqdkwm ay:aygufvmwJhtcg/ jynfolvlxk}uD;w&yfvHk;&J@ tvkd csifqHk;aom qENjzpfwJh jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;twGuf qENazmfxkwfyGJawG jyo=u&mrSm tJ'Dwkef; u ArmjynfrSm t}uD;tus,fqHk;aom vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_}uD; wcktjzpf rSwfwrf;wifxm;&r,fh 6 ckdif +idrf;csrf;a&;qENjyyGJ}uD;rSm - yJcl;ppfa=umif;rSL;csKyftjzpf wm0ef,l OD;aqmif v_yf&Sm;cJh ol[mvnf; OD;av;OD;cifarmifjrifhygyJ? &efukef+rdK@awmfcef;rrSm jynfol@aumfrwDu OD;aqmif usif;ycJhwJh vlxkqENazmfxkwfyGJ}uD;rSm -tqkd 4 csuf wifoGif;cJh&mrSm jynfolrsm;twGuf 'Dru dk a&pD jynf0 h a&;qkw d hJ tqku d dk vlxw k &yfv;kH a&S@arSmufrm S tqkw d ifoi G ;f cJo h [ l m jynfo@l wkd;wufa&;ygwDrS OD;cifarmifjrifhygyJ? +idrf;csrf;a&;eJ@ 'Drkdua&pDa&;qkdwm -'*Fg;wckwnf;&J@ acgif;eJ@ yef;-yJr[kwfvm;? +idrf;csrf;a&;vkdcsif&if vufeufcsqdkwmavmufyJ em;vnfcH 52

1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234 1234

,lxm;cJhwJh ppf0g'DawGtzkd@/ 'D+idrf;csrf;a&;qENjyyGJ}uD;awG/ 'DvlxkqENazmfxkwfyGJ}uD;awG[m olwkd@toJ u|Jcwf ovdk cHpm;cJh&+yD; +idrf;csrf;a&;tysufrSm odrf;usHK;zrf;qD;ta&;,lawmh&mrSm OD;av;vnf; xdyfqHk;u tzrf;cHcJh &avolwOD; jzpfcJh&ygw,f? aemufykdif;rSm Akdvfae0if;&J@ vufoHajymifajymif tjypfay;ta&;,l&mrSm ukd;ukd; u|ef;xdatmif ykd@+yD; tESdyfuGyfcHcJh&avol EkdifiHa&;orm;wOD; jzpfcJh&ygw,f? tpmiwfcHwkdufyGJawG tvDvD qif+yD;rS raovkd@ jynfrjyefa&muf/ 1972 rS tusOf;axmifuae jyefv$wfay;jcif;cHcJh&&if;/ rqvppftm%m &Sifpepfacwfwav#mufvHk; 'l;raxmufwrf; qufvufwkdufyGJqifv_yf&Sm;cJholawGxJrSm OD;av;ygcJhygw,f? 1978 ckESpfxJrSmvnf; xyfrHzrf;qD;axmifcs cHcJh&ygw,f? 1989 ckESpfxJrSmvnf; a':atmifqef;pk=unfawmif tdrfcsKyfcs tzrf;tqD;rcH&cifrSm e0w ppftm%m&SifawG&J@ vufOD;r_&Sd&Sd zrf;qD;wmukd OD;av; OD;cifarmifjrifh cHcJh&ygw,f? b,favmuftxd cHcJh&ygovJ? aowJhtxd-aowJhtxd wkdifatmifygyJ? b0wm wav#mufvHk; tarSmifacwf tarSmifumvwav#mufvHk; OD;av;OD;cifarmifjrifh[m trSef w&m;buf jynfol vlxkbufuyJ xm0& &yfwnfcJh+yD; azmufjyefa&;orm;rSefor#/ azmufjyefwJh tkyfpkd;olrSef or#ukd jyefvnfwGef;vSef wkdufyGJqifcJhwJh wu,fh awmfvSefa&;orm;wa,muf/ twkduftcHEkdifiHa&;orm; wa,muf jzpfcJhygw,f? tarSmif=um;rSm arG;/ tarSmif=um;rSm aexkdifcJh&&if;u tarSmifukd qef@usif/ tarSmif ukd wkduf/ tarSmifukd +zdKcGif;cJh&&if; tvif;ukdjy/ tvif;ukd iScJh&wJh wu,fh=u,fpifwyGifhygyJ? =u,fpifonfum;/ tarSmif=um;Y arG ; zG m ;vm&/ ay:cJ h & vnf ; ntm;cG i f ; azmuf wrd k ; aomuf a &;/ b0ay;+yD ; aoG ; ES i f h ! e f j y/ tvif ; iS c J h us&mae&m-a&muf & mt&yf yJ h w if x yf a tmif / tm;rmef a qmif & if ; tarSmifukd+zdK/ tarSmifqkd wkduf trd k u f w d r f v $ m / wd r f w umuk d a=unmppf q if / c&D ; ES i f c J h =u,f p if w m0ef auscJ h y gay+yD [kwy f gw,f? OD;av;[m wm0efauscy hJ g+yD? =u,fpif wm0ef auscy hJ g+yD? nwmwav#muf ausmfjzwf&if; tarSmifawGukd wkdufzsuf&if; arSmifygw,fqkdwJh=um;xJrSmrS tarSmifukd tm;jznfhay;ae=uwJh wdrfrnf;wdrfndK wdrfwkduftkdawGukdyg xkd;ESufazmufcGif;&if; =u,fpifwyGifh auusoGm;vkduf&wJhtcsdef[m nOfhv,f,H}uD;xJrSmyJ jzpfygw,f? a&mifeDjrif&zdk@ a0;pG/ rkd;aomufEkdifzdk@ a0;pG/ nwm}uD;uawmh qufvuf&Snfaewkef;rSmyJ-tvif;=u,fwyGifh auoGm;cJh&wmyg? 'DtarSmif}uD;xJrSm tm;eJ@rmefeJ@ qufvuf+yD; vif;jyvkdufcsifao;/ vif;Ekdifao;wJht&G,frSmyJ auoGm;cJh&wmuawmh tarSmifxJu &cJhwJh '%f&m'%fcsufawGa=umifhygyJ? ydef;ydwfatmifarSmifaewJh 'Davmufqkd;0g; jyif;xefvSwJh tarSmifxkawGt=um;rSm tvif;twGuf toufygay;&vdrfhr,fqkdwmukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; odjrif+yD;rS auusom G ;cJ& h wJh =u,fpifyg? ta0&Jovkd tau&Jcw hJ hJ =u,fpifyg? u|efawmfhESvHk;om;xJrSm uAsmpma=umif;awG qufvufpD;arsmvmaecJhygw,f? txyfxyftzefzef owd& OD;!wfaerdcJhygw,f? rkd;raomufao;/ a&mifeD a0;qJ aoG ; eJ @ vd r f ; usH / onf n,H . aw;oH okOf;qdwf/ tarSmif&dyf 0,f rarS ; rS d w f c sif / vif ; vk d u f c sif v nf ; =u,f p if w yG i f h / '%f & mqif h c J h &if e if h p &m-au&yg+yD 53

b,fcgajzodrfh/ &EdkifcsdrfhtHh rqH h & if r S m / a0'emjzif h cg cg *k % f j yK/ tav;jyKvk d u f OD ; ! w f v d k u f o nf aomif ; wk d u f u rB m wnf y gap tJ'n D u tJ'u D Asmukd u|ea f wmf tJ'v D dk a&;zG@J aecJr h y d gw,f? OD;av;OD;cifarmifjrifhtwGuf txdrf;trSwfjyKwmukd bmvkd@ tJ'Dvkd uAsmeJ@ a&;zGJ@jzpfcJhwm ygvJ? u|efawmfhrSm &ifwGif;cHpm;csufqkdif&m ta=umif;&if;awG &SdaecJhygw,f? uAsmq&mwa,mufjzpfwma=umifh uAsmeJ@yJ a&;zGJ@ rdwm[m ta=umif;wckr#om jzpf+yD;/ OD;av;eJ@ u|efawmfh=um;rSm aemufxyfta=umif;wckvnf; &Sdaeao;wJh cHpm;csufa=umifhygyJ? tJ'gu awmh OD;av;u u|ea f wmfu h dk uAsmq&mqd+k yD;awmh rSwr f w S x f ifxif todtrSwjf yK azmfjy oGm;cJh wm av;ukd tJ'DtcsdefrSmyJ vwfvwfqwfqwf jyefvnfowd&rdae&if;u OD;av;ukd txdrf;trSwf jyKwJt h cg uAsmeJ@udk yxrqH;k a&;zG@J vu dk & f rS wpHw k &m wm0efausovkv d dk jzpfvr d r hf ,fqw kd hJ tawG;rsKd ; awGeJ@ ukd,fh[mukd,f cHpm;csufawG w&dyf&dyf0ifvmaerdwJhtwGufygyJ? tjzpfu 'Dvkdyg? ta=umif;a=umif;a=umifh u|efawmfwkd@wawG[m jynfol@wkd;wufa&;ygwD ukd w&m;0if zG@J pnf; rSwy f w kH if=uzk@d jyifqif=uwJt h cse d r f m S b,foa l wG ygoifo h vJqw dk mukd OD;av;u ar;jref;wJhtwGuf ygoifhygxkdufwJhvlawG&J@ pm&if;ukd OD;av;xH ay;cJh=uygw,f? OD;av;bmom OD;av; vGwfvGwfvyfvyf pOf;pm;+yD; }udKufovkdae&mcsxm; zGJ@pnf;apzkd@ OD;av;vufxJukd ,Hk,Hk=unf=unfeJ@ yHktyfcJh=uygw,f? tJ'DxJurS OD;av;[m jynfol@wkd;wufa&;ygwD A[kdpnf; Hk;a&;aumfrwDqdkwmukd av;av;eufeuf pOf;pm;+yD; ol@pdwfwkdif;us jyifqif+yD;wJhtcgrSm ygwDzGJ@ pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;tjzpf oufqkdif&m yg0if=ur,fholawGukd ac:,lcsjywmvkyfcJhygw,f? &Jabmfwa,muf&J@usL&Sifcef;av;wckxJ rSmyg? tJ'r D m S OuUtjzpf oluyJ wm0ef,a l qmif&u G r f m S jzpf+yD;/ taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rSL;/ wGz J uft axGaxG twGif;a&;rSL;/ twGif;a&;rSL;tzGJ@0ifawGeJ@ wuG/ A[kd pnf;Hk;a&;aumfrwD0ifawG&J@ emrnfawG ukd olpD pOfxm;wJhtwkdif; zwf=um;jywm vkyfcJhygw,f? tJ'Daemuf a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sifukd oGm; a&mufrSwfyHkwifzdk@ OD;av;ukd,fwkdifa&;xm;wJh ygwDA[kd pnf;Hk;a&;aumfrwDpm&if;ukd tpfukd}uD; ukdvSa&$eJ@ u|efawmfhukd csay;wJhtcgrSm u|efawmfwkd@tzGJ@rSmu u|ef;jyefawGeJ@ wuo/ Auoacgif; aqmifa[mif;awGvnf; trsm;tjym;yg0ifaewJhtwGuf/ oufqkdif&mtrnfpm&if;yg yk*~dKvf&J@ ab;rSm u|ef;jyef wuoacgif;aqmifAuoacgif;aqmifqdkwJh 0daooawGudkvnf; ckESpfouU&mZfeJ@wuG a&;om;azmfjyxm;wm awG@&ygw,f? tJ'DacwfumvawGukd rrDvdkuf&zl;wJh u|efawmfhukdusawmh OD; av; OD;cifarmifjrifhu b,fvkda&;xm;w,f xifygovJ? emrnf&if;&J@ab;rSm uGif;puGif;ydwfeJ@(0if;wifh xGe;f -uAsmq&m) wJ? h tJ'g OD;av;uk, d w f i dk f OD;av;vufa&;eJ@ a&;ay;vku d w f myg? tJ'a D wmh a&G; aumufyGJ aumfr&Sifukd w&m;0if rSwfyHkwifawmhvnf; OD;av; a&;om;azmfjyay;xm;wJhtwkdif; u|ef awmfhemrnfrSm uGif;puGif;ydwfeJ@ (0if;wifhxGef;-uAsmq&m) qkdwm ygaecJhygw,f? trSeftwkdif;ajym&&if OD;av;OD;cifarmifjrifh&J@ u|efawmfhtay: tJ'Dvkd uAsmq&mqkd+yD; rSwf rSwfxifxif azmfjyay;vkdufr_tay:rSm tJ'Dwkef;uvnf; =unf=unfEl;El; cHpm;vkduf&ovkd/ aemufykdif; rSmvnf; ausauseyfeyf jzpfcJhrd&&if; OD;av;wa,muf qHk;yg;uG,fvGefoGm;&&Sm+yDvdk@ =um;vkduf&/ od vkduf&csdefrSmawmh vGrf;armowd&p&m wckyrmvkdukd jyefvnftrSwf& aerdcJhygw,f? u|efawmfhtay: uAsmq&mvkd@ rSwfrSwfxifxif todtrSwfjyKoGm;cJhwJh OD;av;udk u|efawmfuvnf; uAsmeJ@ukd jyef vnftxdrf;trSwfjyKvkdufcsifwJh cHpm;csuf[m &ifxJukd tvkdtavsmuf 0ifvmaewJhoabmygyJ? &ifxJrSm uAsmtjzpf zGJ@oDaerdawmhvnf; uAsmrSm tkd;qHk;yHkpHwckjzpfwJh av;vHk;pyf[efeJ@yJ toHawGu pD;0ifvm aecJhrdygw,f? acwfay:yHkomef-armf'ef[efawGeJ@ rzGJ@csifbJ? tkd;&Sif;qHk;[efeJ@ yJ zG@J ra d ejzpfcw hJ muvnf; OD;av;&J@ k;d &Si;f vSwhJ rsuE f m S ukd w&pf00 J J jyefvnfowd&ae rd&if;/ tawG; &Sif;ovkd-tajym&Sif;vSwJh OD;av;&J@ b0kyfyHkv$mawGeJ@ [mrkdeD jzpfcsifaerdwma=umifhvkd@yJ 54

ajym&ygvdrfhr,f? OD;av;u olaoqHk;oGm;&&if ol@tavmif;ay:rSm ygwDtvHukd tkyfv$rf;ay;ygvkd@ rSm =um;cJhw,fqkdwmudkvnf; txyfxyf tzefzef jynfvnf=um;a,mifaerd&if; a=omf - =u,fpifwyGifh &if e if h p &m/ au&&S m +yD r[majrjyif / ur n f ; wif v suf =uif e mvS p G m / axG ; yk d u f y gavmh Zmenf o m;aumif ; -ol & J a umif ; . tavmif ; uk d , f a y:/ aoG ; puf a y:Y pkdufxl odrf;xkyf/ tvHtkyf &if; urB m csOf ; wk d i f / ol @ rS w f w k d i f u k d qk y f u k d i f p H j yK/ tav;jyK=u nuk d c G i f ; azmuf / quf v uf a v#muf & if ; raysmuf = u,f p if / jrwf 0 d n mOf uk d tpOf xm0& *k%fjyK=uyg pkd@ tpOf xm0& *k%fjyK=uyg pkd@ tpOfxm0& *k%jf yK=uygp@dk -qdw k t hJ oHudk &ifxr J m S t}udr}f udrf txyfxyf jrnfau;aerd&if; OD;av;twGuf tJ'DuAsmukd tJ'DnrSmyJ t+yD;owfEkdifcJhygw,f? 1993 ckESpfxJrSmyJ-n,HxJrSmyJ jzpfyg w,f? 1997 ckESpfxJrSm OD;av;eJ@ ywfouf+yD; kyfyHkv$mav;wyk'f xyf+yD; a&;jzpfcJhygw,f? uAsmeJ@ trSwfw& a&;zGJ@jzpfcJh+yD;+yDrkd@ pum;ajyeJ@ a&;cJhwmyg? OD;av;twGuf a&;om;jzpfcJhwJh tJ'DkyfyHkv$mukd OD;cifarmifjrifh (okd@r[kwf) &moufyefawmfvSefa&;orm;vkd@ acgif;pnf;wif trnfwyfcJhygw,f? OD; av;[m azmufjyefwJhtkyfpkd;ol tqufqufukd vlrSef;olrSef;odwwfpt&G,fuae aowJh tcsdeftxd/ vufawG@ toufay;wkdufyGJ0ifoGm;cJhwJh wu,fhawmfvSefa&;orm; ppfppf}uD;wa,muf jzpfavawmh &moufyef awmfve S f a&;orm;qdw k hJ owfrw S c f su[ f m OD;av;&J@ woufwmeJ@ tuku d n f q D ;kH / t[yf rdqHk;yJ r[kwfvm;? 2001 ckESpf =o*kwfvxJrSm oHwkdif=um; auoGm;&wJh =u,fpifawG qkdwJht rnfeJ@ u|efawmf&J@ kyfyHkv$m pum;ajypmtkyfav; xkwfa0vkdufEkdifwJhtcgrSmrS tusOf;axmifxJ t usOf; csxm;cHcJh=u&&if;u toufpGef@oGm;=u&wJh wjcm;aom =u,fpifkyfyHkv$mav;awGeJ@twl/ OD;av; twGuf u|efawmfa&;zGJ@jzpfcJhwJh tJ'D uAsmav;a&m kyfyHkv$mukdyg tJ'DpmtkyfxJrSm xdyfqHk;uae tpDtpOf&Sd&Sd azmfjyEkdifcJhwmtay:awmh u|efawmf wpHkw&m ajzodrfhEkdifcJhygw,f? tjynfht0ajzodrfhEkdifzdk@qdkwmuawmh b,fvkdrS rjzpfEkdifyg? u|efawmfa&;om;zGJ@qdkEkdifwmukdu aumufa=umif; cJjcpfr#avmufyJ r[kwfvm;? tckvnf; aemufxyf aumufa=umif;cJjcpfav;awG wkd@rdjyefygw,f? tvif;tarSmif txlt yg; av;awG ay:Ha k vmufyJ qky d gp@dk ? (2) u|efawmf axmifujyefvGwfvmcsdefrSm &Hzef&Hcgqkdovkd oGm;wwfa&mufwwfwJhae&mawGxJrSm OD;av;OD;cifarmifjrifh&J@ aq;vdyfqkdifav;vnf; ygygw,f? ykpGefawmifaps;xJu qkdifcef;usOf;av;wckrSm OD;cifarmifjrifh[m aq;ayghvdyfrsdK;pHkukd a&mif;csae&if; toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyKaewJhtcsdefyg? &moDOwk at;wJhtcsdefrSm tay:tuswdkufykHtusav;yg 0wfxm;wwf+yD;/ aEGvkdumvrsdK;rSmawmh pGyfus,ftus vufwkdav;yJ 0wfxm;wwfum qkdifcef;eH&Hav;ukd cyfrSDrSDjyK&if; xdkifaewwf/ 'grSr[kwf pmzwfaewwf avh&w dS hJ OD;av;&J@ kyy f [ kH m awmfawmfav;udk ydev f v DS y S gw,f? ydev f e G ;f vSwt hJ wGuf yk+d yD;&Sno f a,mif jzpfaewJh rsuE f m S us &Sn& f n S a f y:rSm rsur f e S }f uD;u xkxnft}uD;qH;k vkd jzpfae+yD; ESmwHuvnf; 55

tay:vGifqHk;vkd jzpfaeygw,f? ykpGefawmifaps;av;xJu aps;qkdifcef;av;ay:rSm/ aq;vdyfykdvf/ aq;vdyfpnf;awG ywfywfvnf=um;-cyfazsmhazsmh xkdifaeavh&SdwJh OD;av;&J@ kyfyHk[m aps;onfwa,mufeJ@rwl bJ ausmif; q&mtk}d uD;wa,muf&@J yH[ k efrsKd ;eJ@ yk+d yD;wlaewwfovkd pum;pjrnfyg ajymae+yDq& dk ifawmh b,f avmufyJ cHcJh&cHcJh&-b,fawmhrS tvHvJSvdrfhr,fr[kwf- qkdwJh/ EkdifiHa&;orm; yDovGef;vSwJh xkom;ayom; us EkdifiHa&;orm;}uD;wa,muf&J@yHkoGifrsdK;vnf; ododomom tvkdtavsmufay:vGifaewwfygw,f? ausmif; q&m}uD;wa,mufeJ@ wlwmuawmh OD;av;[mwu,fvnf; ausmif;q&m wa,muftjzpf vkyfcJhzl;ayolukd;? EkdifiHa&;orm;yHkoGif ay:vGifaewmuvnf; olukd,fwkdif&J@ jzwfoef;vmcJh&wJh wu,fh vufawG@b0awGeJ@ w u,fh taoG;tom; ESvHk;"mwfcHay:uae- yJhwifqifh a&mifjyefqifaewma=umifhyJ jzpfygvdrfhr,f? OD;av;&J@ ywfywfvnfu qkdifeD;em;csif;awGuvnf; OD;av;[m EkdifiHa&;orm;}uD;qkdwmukd odae=u &if; av;pm;or_&=dS uwm awG@&ygw,f? aq;aygv h y d f }udKufwwfve G ;f wJh OD;av;[m uk, d w f i dk u f vnf; aq;vdyf av;awG a&mif;csaeol jzpfaejyefawmh t+rJvdkvkd aq;vdyfvuf=um;!yfuav;eJ@yJ awG@&wwfygw,f? aemufxyf OD;av; pGJpGJvrf;vrf; }udKufESpfoufwwfwmuav;uawmh vufzuf &nfcsdKayghusav;yg yJ? OD;av;&J@ qkdifcef;av;qDukd u|efawmfa&mufoGm;rdwkdif;vnf; OD;av;u vufzuf&nf rSmwkdufavh&Sdygw,f? csKd ifq h JG wcGu f vk@d rSmvku d +f yD; olvnf; 0if+yD; aomufavh&y dS gw,f? wjcm;{nfo h nfawG vm&ifvnf; tckvy dk J vufzuf&nfrSm+yD; wkdufavh&Sdavawmh/ wae@wae@ vufzuf&nf b,fESpfcGufavmufrsm; aomufjzpfavrvJ awmh rodyg? u|efawmfa&mufrdwkdif;vkdvkdrSm {nfhonfawGvnf; wa,mufr[kwfwa,muf vmwwfwmrsdK; awGeJ@csnf; }uHK&avh&Sdygw,f? trsm;tm;jzifh tm;vHk;vkdvkd[m EkdifiHa&;orm;awGcsnf;ygyJ? yrnwa[mif;awG vnf; ygovkd/ u|ef;jyef&JabmfawG/ wkd;wufwJhvuf0JEkdifiHa&;orm;awGomru u&iftrsdK;om;jzpfwJh ref;'g 0dw f vkd yk*Kd~ vfrsKd ;awGuy dk g OD;av;&J@ aq;vdyq f i dk a f v;ay:rSm u|ea f wmf rSwr f w S x f ifxif qH& k zl;ygw,f? OD;av; &J@ EkdifiHa&; &yfwnfcsuftay:/ EkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;cJhr_ tpOftvmaumif;awGtay: ,kH=unfav;pm; wefzkd;xm; =uolawGuvnf; trsm;tjym; &Sc dw hJ ,f r[kwv f m;? e,frm S aexki da f eolwcsKd @uqk& d if vkyo f ifh vkyx f u dk w f hJ udpP/ ygoifhygxkdufwJhudpP0dpPawGrsm; &Sdvkd@uawmh olwkd@tpm; aqmif&GufxnfhoGif; xm;vkdufzkd@ txdawmif/ olw@dk &@J rJi;f 'dwf (mandate) ukd OD;cifarmifjrifx h H ,H, k =kH unf=unf ajymqka d y;tyfxm;=uwJh txdawmif &Sc d hJ wmuvnf; u|efawmfrSwfrSwfxifxif od&zl;ygw,f? (Oyrmtm;jzifh qkd&&if ausmufqnf OD;pkd;0if;armif ,ck atbDtufp' f t D ufzf OuU uko d c He J @J uko d ' H w k w f @dk &@J taz) qk& d if OD;cifarmifjrift h ay:/ tJ'v D a dk wmif ,Hk =unfav;eufcJhygw,f? u|efawmfwkd@wawG jynfol@wkd;wufa&;ygwD wausmhjyef jynfvnf xGufay:vmEkdifzdk@ jyifqif=uawmh OD;cifarmifjrifhu A[kdpnf;Hk;a&;aumfrwDpm&if;rSm ausmufqnfu ukdpkd;0if;armifukdvnf; xnfhcsifw,f? ukdpkd;0if;armifu [kdwkef;uwnf;u u|efawmfhukd rJif;'dwf ay;xm;+yD;om; &Sdw,fqkd+yD; &Sif;jy ajymqkdcJhzl;wm &Sdygw,f? wu,fzGJ@=uawmh OD;pkd;0if;armif&J@ emrnfukd xnfhrzGJ@Ekdif cJhwmuawmh u|efawmfwkd@ wawG[m tcsdefuyf+yD;rS aemufqHk;avmufusrS zGJ@pnf;zkd@ qHk;jzwfcsufcscJh&wm jzpfaewJhtwGuf ygwDrSwfyHkwif cGifhukd a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifrSm oGm;wifzdk@ tjrefvkyf=u&csdefrSm OD;pkd;0if; armif&J@ rSwfyHkwifeHygwfukd rodbJjzpf aewma=umifhygyJ? OD;cifarmifjrifhuvnf; OD;pkd;0if;armif&J@ rSwfyHkwif eHygwftxdawmh ar;xm;zdk@ vkdvdrfhr,f t jzpf xifrxm;cJhrdzl;wma=umifh a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifrSm yg0if r,fholawG&J@pm&if; (A[kdaumfrwD0ifawG&J@ pm &if;) ukd wif&wJhtcg wOD;csif;pDawG&J@ rSwfyHkwifeHygwfawGukdyg jznfhoGif;ay;zdk@ vkdtyfvmcsdefrSm tcsdefrDatmif aqmif&GufEkdifrSm r[kwfawmhwJhtwGuf 'Dtwkdif;yJ csefxm;vkduf&wJh tajctae jzpfoGm;cJh&ygw,f? OD;cifarmifjrifhu tck[mu pDtkdpDtjzpf zGJ@wmyJ? aemifrSm pDpDtjzpf zGJ@Ekdifr,fhtajctaeusrS at; at;aq;aq; jyefvkyf=uwmayghqdkwJhoabmrsdK;eJ@yJ csefxm;cJh&wmrsdK; jzpfoGm;cJh&ygw,f? 'g[m ta=umif; a=umif;a=umifh u|ea f wmf trSwr f xif odvu dk & f wJh tjzpftysua f v;wckr#yJ &Sy d gao;w,f? qkv d w kd mu OD; av;tay: tJ'Davmuftxd ,Hk=unf av;eufcJholawGvnf; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;ukd &SdcJhw,fqdkwmygyJ? OD;av;&J@ vkyfwlukdifzufawG/ rdwfaqGawG/ &Jabmf&JbufawGxJrSm EkdifiHa&;orm;oufoufawGcsnf; omr[kwf/ pma&;q&m/ uAsmq&mpwJh tEkynme,fy,fu yk*~dKvfawGvnf; &Sdygao;w,f? q&mocifjroef; q&mjroef;wifhwdk@eJ@qkd&if [kdwkef;u jynfol@ wkd;wufa&;ygwDacwfrSmuwnf;u vufwGJvkyfaqmif cJh=uzl;ol awG jzpfcJhovdk Aef;armfwifatmif/ q&m'*kefwm&m/ vlxk OD;pdef0if; wkd@eJ@qdk&ifvnf; awmfawmfukd &if;ESD;ywf oufcJhzl;oljzpfygw,f? 56

OD;av;[m pma&;q&mwa,mufr[kwfayr,fh 1987 ckESpfavmufxJrSm aqmif;yg;wyk'f a&;aecJh wmukdvnf; xl;xl;jcm;jcm; awG@&zl;ygw,f? ol@&J@ cspf&Jabmf}uD;vnf;jzpf/ ukdukd;u|ef;rSm wu|ef;pH twl wkdufazmfwkdufzuf}uD;vnf;jzpfwJh q&mAef;armfwifatmif&J@ aysmufqHk;aeaom pmrl}uD;ta=umif;ukd jyefvnftpazmf a&;om;aewJh aqmif;yg;}uD;wyk'f jzpfygw,f? OD;av;u ol@aqmif;yg;ukd u|efawmfhudk vnf; ay;zwfcy hJ gw,f? ol@aqmif;yg;ukd jrwfav;r*~Zif;rSm xnfv h @dk &&if xnfz h @dk / tJ'w D e k ;f ujrwfav; r*~Zif;twGuf pmrlawGbmawG wm0ef,lpkaqmif;vkyfukdifay;aeolwOD;jzpfwJhukdatmif}uD;(ukdjratmif) uae ay;vku d r f vk@d qdw k mukv d nf; ajymjyygw,f? u|ea f wmfu h v dk nf; uAsmawG a&;+yD;om;&S& d if jrwfav; rSm ay;csi& f if ay;ygv h m;/ oluaewqifh uka d tmif}uD; (ukjd ratmif) ukd ay;vku d v f @dk &wJt h a=umif; ajymjy ygw,f? tJ'ga=umifh u|efawmfvnf; axmifuxGufvm+yD;aemufykdif;rSm OD;av;qDuwqifh ukdatmif}uD;ukd ta=umif;jyK&if; jrwfav;r*~Zif;pmrsufESmay:rSm uAsmav;ESpfyk'foHk;yk'favmuf a&;jzpfoGm;cJhygw,f? u|efawmfuom tJ'Dvkd uAsmav;awG a&;jzpf azmfjyjzpfoGm;cJh&ayr,fh/ OD;av;&J@q&mAef;armfwifatmif &J@ aysmufq;kH aeaom pmrl aqmif;yg;}uD;uawmh jrwfav;rSm azmfjyEki dc fi G hf r&vku d y f g? ta=umif;uawmh jrwfav;r*~Zif;&J@ t"duem,u}uD;jzpfwJh a&S@ae}uD; q&marmifukd,ku ukdcifarmifjrifh&J@ 'Daqmif;yg; u pmaypdppfa&;eJ@ vGwfrSmr[kwfbl;qkd+yD; z,fcsvkdufwJhtwGufvkd@yJ aemufqHk; odvkduf&ygawmhw,f? OD;av;uawmh - tif;-ukd,ku ta=umif;odawGcsif;qkdawmh ukd,fhaqmif;yg;rSef;od+yD;/ jy\emawG bm awG ray:&atmif }udKwif+yD; z,f&Sm;ypfvkdufwmvnf; jzpfcsifjzpfrSmayghqkd+yD; cyf+yHK;+yHK;eJ@ u|efawmhfukd ajymjycJhygw,f? OD;av; OD;cifarmifjrifheJ@ q&marmifukd,kwdk@[m EkdifiHa&;&yfcHcsuft& vkdif;csif;rwl=uay r,fh ausmif;om; or*~v_yf&Sm;r_acwfawGrSm acwf+ydKif ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawGtjzpf wa,muft a=umif;wa,muf aema=uatmif odc=hJ uolawG r[kwv f m;? uka d tmif}uD; (ac:) ukjd ratmifuawmh OD; av;OD;cifarmifjrifhukd b,fhavmufxdatmif av;pm;,Hk=unfcJhovJqkd&if/ ol@&J@a&S@aeq&m&if;jzpfwJh q&m armifudk,keJ@ twlwGJae&if; NLD yJcl;wkdif;wm0efcHjzpfwJh q&marmifukd,keJ@twl yJcl;wkdif;rSm yg0if v_yf &Sm;ae&muae OD;av; OD;cifarmifjrifh acgif;aqmifwJh jynfol@wkd;wufa&;ygwD wausmhjyef jyefvnfazmf awmhr,fqdkawmh tJ'Duae xGufvmcJh+yD; u|efawmfwkd@wawGeJ@twl jynfol@wkd;wufa&;ygwDrSmyJ yg0if v_yf&Sm;cJhol jzpfvmcJhygw,f? OD;cifarmifjrifh&J@ acgif;aqmifr_tay: EkdifiHa&;t& tJ'Davmuftxd av;pm; wefzkd;xm;wm awG@&ygw,f? u|ef;jyef&JabmfawG tcsif;csif;uvnf; OD;cifarmifjrifhtay: av;pm;wefzkd;xm;=uovkd ocifcif atmifwkd@vkd/ avxD; Akdvftkef;armifwdk@vkd/ ausmfvif;ociftHk;jrifhwkd@vkd 0g&ifhEkdifiHa&;orm;}uD;awGuvnf; OD;cifarmifjrifh&J@ orkdif;tpOftvmtay: aumif;aumif;}uD;em;vnf oabmayguf wefzkd;xm;=uwm awG@ &zl;ygw,f &Spfav;vHk; ta&;awmfyHk}uD; t+yD; jynfol@wkd;wufa&;ygwD wausmhjyef jynfvnfzGJ@cgeD; wae@rSm OD;av;OD;cifarmifjrifhu wcsdefu aemufqHk;OuUjzpfcJhzl;wJh tefu,f}uD; ocifcifatmifeJ@ avxD; AkdvftHk; armifwkd@ ESpfa,mufukd ac:,lwkdifyifaqG;aEG;wJhtcg ocifcifatmifua&m avxD;AkdvftkH; armifuyg OD;av; OD;cifarmifjrifhukdyJ OuUtjzpf acgif;aqmifzGJ@pnf;rSmukd ,Hk=unfpdwfcswJhta=umif;awG ajymqkd&if;eJ@ tm; ay; wefzkd;xm;cJh=uwmawGukdvnf; u|efawmf odcJh&zl;ygw,f? jynfol@wkd;wufa&;ygwD wausmhjyef jyef vnf ay:aygufvmwJhtcgrSm rEWav;u tarvlxka':trmvkd yk*~dKvfuvnf; wwftm;or# tvSLaiG xnfh0ifay;cJhzl;ovkd/ rkH&Gmu OD;tHharmifvkd yk*~dKvfawGuvnf; vl}uHKyg;+yD;awmhawmif tvSLaiG xnfh0if ul nDcJh=uzl;wm &Sdygw,f? 'g[m OD;cifarmifjrifh&J@ EkdifiHa&;tpOftvmukd aumif;aumif;od &Sd+yD; OD;cifarmifjrifh &J@ acgi;f aqmifrt _ ay: em;vnf oabmfaygu=f uvk@d yJ jzpfygw,f? (3) OD;av;eJ@ ywfouf+yD; owd&p&mawGta=umif; ajym&r,fq& dk if OD;av;&J@ ZeD;onf a':av; a': wifwif&J@ ta=umif;[mvnf; ryg&if rjzpfwJhta=umif;wckvdk@ u|efawmfxifygw,f? a':av;a':wifwif [m OD;av;tay: odyfoHa,mZOf}uD;vS/ tcspf}uD;rm; vScJhovkd/ OD;av;[mvnf; a':av;tay: tawmhf ukd arwWxkxnf }uD;rm;cJholrsdK;jzpfcJhwm u|efawmfwdk@ tm;vHk; od=uygw,f? 'Davmuf tjyeftvSeftwG,f twm tcspftcif}uD;rm;vSayr,fh OD;av;[m EkdifiHhta&;/ vlxkta&;awGeJ@ ,SOfvm&if a':av;ukdvnf; 57

t}udrf}udrftcgcg pGef@cGmxm;cJhavh&Sd+yD; ,Hk=unfcsuftwGuf jywfjywfom;om; usifhoHk;vkyfaqmif wwfavh&SdcJhovkd/ a':av;uvnf; OD;av;&J@ ,Hk=unf csuftay: t+rJwrf;em;vnfoabmaygufae&if; EkdifiHa&;orm;wa,muf awmfvSefa&;orm; wa,muf&J@ opPm&SdZeD;onfaumif;/ yg&rDjznfhzufaumif; wa,muftjzpf owWd&Sd&Sd &yfwnfaexkdif jzwfoef;0HholjzpfcJhygw,f? OD;av;wa,muf ukdukd;u|ef;txd tykd@cH&/ axmifxJ t}udrf}udrf0if&eJ@ tvHrvJpwrf; 'l;raxmufwrf; wkdufyGJ0ifaepOfumvwav#muf vHk;rSmvnf; a':av;[m OD;av;&J@ ,Hk=unfcsuftay: tjynfht0em;vnfae&if; rnnf;rnL r+idKrjiif tm;jznfhay;ol/ ulnDoltjzpf eJ@yJ ZeD;onfaumif; yDopGm &yfwnfazmfjycJhygw,f? wOD;tay: wOD; tjyeftvSef oHa,mZOf}uD;=u/ twG,ftwm }uD;=upGmeJ@yJ tifrwef vkdufzufnDvSwJh ZeD;armifESH t jzpf pHjyKp&mjzpfcJh=uygw,f? 'gayrJh OD;av;wkd@ZeD;armifESH&J@ b0rSm rjynfhpHkbl;vkd@ qdkcsifqkdEkdifwmuawmh om;orD;&if;csm/ rxGef;um;cJhwmygyJ? 'ga=umifh OD;av;wkd@ZeD;armifESH[m orD;wa,mufukd arG;pm;cJh =uzl;ovkd om;av;wa,mufukdvnf; arG;pm;cJh=u&if; awmfawmfukd cspfcifwG,fwmcJh=u&Smygw,f? OD;av;wkd@ ZeD;armifESH&J@ arG;pm;om;av;jzpfwJh ukdukdvGif qdkwJhaumifav;[mvnf; OD;av; wk@d ZeD;armifEt HS ay: awmfawmfudk tcsp}f uD;cJo h vkd OD;av;&J@ &Jabmf&b J ufawGtay:vnf; awmfawmf ukd wav; wpm; jyKrlqufqHwwfolav;jzpfcJh&Smygw,f? om;aumif; wa,muf/ tvkdufodwwfol av;wa,muf jzpfcJh&Smwm awG@&ygw,f? OD;av;qHk;jzwf vkyfukdifwJhudpPawGrSefor#twGuf a':av; [m t+rJwrf; r+idKrjiif vufcHem;vnfr_ay;wwfol ZeD;aumif;wOD;tjzpf vkdufzufnDnD toifh&Sdae wwfcJhwmawGvnf; u|efawmfwkd@ukd,fwkdif }udrfzefrsm;pGm odjrifaecJh&ygw,f? u|efawmfwkd@wawG OD;av;&J@ OD;aqmifr_eJ@ jynfol@wkd;wufa&;ygwDukd rSwfyHkwif zGJ@pnf;cJh=uay r,fh ygwDqkdif;bkwfwif+yD; ygwDHk;csKyfvkyfzkd@ ae&mav;r#udkawmif iSm;&rf;Ekdif &SmazGEkdif zefwD;EkdifwJhtajc tae &Sc d =hJ uwmr[kwy f g? OD;av;/ a':av;eJ@ uku d v kd i Gw f @kd rdom;pk 3 OD;aexdi k& f m OD;av;wk@d rdom;pk&@J tdrfcef;usOf;usOf;av;ukdyJ ygwDXmecsKyfvkyf+yD; qkdif; bkwfwif v_yf&Sm;cJh&&mrSm a':av;[m wpkd;wpdr# +idKjiifr_r&SdwJhtjyif tm;vHk;tay: =unf=unfjzLjzL aEG;aEG;axG;axG;eJ@ }udKqdkqufqHcJh&Smygw,f? wu,fu tcef;av;[m usOf;usOf;av;yg? {nfhcef;av;u wck/ tdyfcef;av;u wckeJ@ xrif; [if;csufjyKwfEkdifwJh rnfumrwW rD;zdkacsmifcef;av;u wckyJygwJh tcef;&Snfarsmarsm cyfusOf;usOf;av; wckr#om jzpfygw,f? tJ'Dvkd tcef;usOf;av;xJu tdrfOD;cef;vkdjzpfaewJh {nfhcef;av;ukd u|efawmfwkd@ u ygw D ;kH csKyf H;k cef;tjzpf zGiv hf p S f toH;k cs ae=uwmtay:/ enf;enf;av;rS nnf;nLr_ r&Sc d hJ r kH u a': av;u oluawmif jyef+yD;tvkdufwod aeay;&SmcJhygw,f? u|efwmfwkd@wawG tpnf; ta0;vkyf=u/ ajym=uqkd=u/ aqG;aEG;=uwJhtcgawGrSmqkd&if a':av;[m ol@[mol rD;zkdacsmifcef; 'grSr[kwf tdyfcef; av;xJoGm;+yD; cyfukyfukyfav;eJ@ aexkdifaewwf&Smygw,f? ygwDHk;cef;qdkawmh e,fbufawGua&m &ef ukef+rdK@xJawGuyg [kduonfu {nfhonfawGuvnf; ta=umif;rsdK;pHkeJ@ vmwwf/ a&mufwwf=uyg ao;w,f? a':av;wa,muf uk, d t hf r d x f J uk, d a hf e&if;/ b,favmuftae uHsK@/ txki du f sK@H jzpf&m S av rvJqw kd m pOf;pm;om =unf=h uyga&mh? 'gayrJh a':av;[m wcgrS pdwy f suf pdwf qif;&J[efrawG@&bJ/ oluawmif u|efawmfwkd@wawGtwGuf jyef+yD;pdwfraumif;[ef tm;wkH@ tm;em[efjzpfaevkdufygao; w,f? 'g[m a':av;&J@ OD;av;tay: em;vnfr_}uD;vGef;/ arwWmpdwf }uD;rm;vGef;r_a=umifhtjyif OD;av; ud, k w f i dk u f vnf; a':av;tay: arwWmoabmr#omru Eki di fa H &; t& pnf;H;k a&; t&yg rSer f e S u f ef uef ynmay;Ekdif/ &Sif;jyEkdif/ a&S@aqmifEkdifwJh/ OD;aqmifEkdifpGrf;tm; }uD;rm;r_a=umifhvkd@vnf; qkdcsifyg w,f? wcgawmh OD;av;[m pum;pyfrdoGm;&mu wzufu ol@ukd,fol a0zefa&;vkyfovkd jyefvnf oHk;oyf=unfhrd&if; a': av;eJ@ ywfoufwJh ol@&J@ cHpm;csufwckta=umif;ukd u|efawmfhukd jyefajymjyzl;yg w,f? tJ'guawmh u|ea f wmfA h sm-&JabmfawG&@J qENe@J oabmxm;tay: tvGo J ;kH pm;vkyr f o d vkr d sm; jzpfom G ;ovm; qkw d hJ tjzpffwck &SdcJhzl;ygw,f? tJ'guawmh [kdwkef;u u|efawmfhusef;rma&;uvnf; odyfraumif; awmh/ u|ea f wmfh use;f rma&;twGuf &JabmfawGwcsKd @u olw@dk wwftm;or#awG aiGp+k yD; aq;ukz@kd u|ea f wmfu h kd ay;=uzl;w,fAs? tJ'w D e k ;f u use;f rma&; raumif;wmu u|ea f wmfwif r[kwb f ;l ? cifAsm;wk@d a':av; 58

wifwifuvnf; use;f rma&; odya f umif;wmr[kwb f ;l As? ol@crsmvnf; u|ea f wmf axmifxJ a&mufvu dk /f u|e;f a&mufvu dk f umvwav#mufvHk; u|efawmfh'kuQrSefor#ukd cg;pnf;cH&/ kef;uefjzwfoef; cJh&qkdawmh olvnf; toufav;u axmufvmcsdefrSm usef;rma&;u csLcsmwmayghAsm? ol@rSm aoG;wkd;a&m/ ESvHk;a&m/ qD;csKda&m &Sdw,f? tJ'Dawmh u|ef awmfhtwGuf u|efawmfaq;ukzdk@qkd+yD; ay;=uwJh &JabmfawG&J@ aiGav;ukd u|efawmf ukd,fwkdiftwGuf aq;rukawmhbJ/ 'Dwcgawmh bmyJjzpfjzpf wifwifu h se;f rma&;uky d J t&if OD;pm;ay;vku d r f ,fq+dk yD; wifwiftwGuy f J aq;uko&mrSm oH;k ypf vkdufrdw,f? rdef;r&J@ u|efawmfeJ@ywfoufwJh pdwfqif;&Jukd,fqif;&J jzpfcJh&r_awGtay: awmfawmfukd iJh!mcsifwm uk %moufr/d oem;rd pmem axmufxm;rdwmawGa=umifh -yku d q f u H vnf; ESpa f ,mufpvH;k ukoavmufatmiftxdawmh avmufiSEkdifrSm r[kwfawmh/ ol@ukdyJ OD;pm;ay;vkdufr,fqkdwJhpdwfeJ@ ol@twGufyJ aq;uko&mrSm oHk;ypfvkdufrdw,fAsm? u|efawmfuawmh tJ'D[mawGukd wifwifrodatmif bmrS odyf+yD;rjzpfovkd }udwfrSdwfaevkdfufwmayghAsm? wzufu ajym&&if ol@tay: tJ'v D dk OD;pm;ay; oH;k pGc J& hJ wmtay: u|ea f wmf0rf;omrdwm trSey f ? J 'gayrJh wzufuae =unfr h jd yefawmh 'DaiGav;awG[m &JabmfawGu u|ea f wmfh use;f rma&;twGuf u|ea f wmfaq;ukz@kd q+dk yD; pk aqmif;ay;=uwmav? u|ea f wmfu h dk aq;ukoapcsifvGef;vdk@ukd }uHzef}udK;pm; ay;=uwm u|efawmfhrdef;rtwGuf ay;=uwmr[kwfbl;? 'gukd u|efawmfu u|ea f wmht f wGur f oH;k bJ rde;f rtwGuf oH;k ypfw,f qka d wmh ol wk@d &@J &Jabmf&b J ufyo D wJh pdwq f ENe@J oabmxm;awGtay: u|ea f wmftvGo J ;kH pm; vkyy f pfvu dk r f o d vkr d sm; jzpf oGm;rdovm;qk+d yD; pdwr f aumif;jzpfr& d wmvnf; trSey f A J sm? u|ea f wmfu h dk }udKufovko d m a0zef=uygawmh? u|ea f wmfr h m S tJ'v D p dk w d q f ENrsKd ; pOf;pm;awG;ac:r_rsKd ;eJ@ tJ'v D a dk wmh vkyv f u dk r f y d gw,fv@dk 0efcH&awmh &Sif;jy&awmhwmayghAsm? tJ'g wzufu 0rf;omrdcJhw,f? wzufu &JabmfawG&J@ qENeJ@ oabmxm;awG tay: tvGJoHk;pm;vkyfrdcJhovkd awmfawmf}uD;ukd pdwfraumif; jzpfrdcJh&zl;w,fwJh? OD;av;u pum;pyfrd&if; ajymjywmayr,fh OD;av;&J@rsufESmukd =unfhrd&if; u|efawmf awmfawmf pdwfraumif; jzpfcJh &zl;ygw,f? OD;av;[m tJ'DvkdrsdK; OD;av;vnf; jzpfcJhygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm OD;av;eJ@twl ukdukd;u|ef;rSm twlaebufvnf;jzpf/ OD;av;eJ@ ,Hk=unfcsufwl/ &yfwnfcsufwl/ wkdufyGJ0if bufvnf;jzpfwJh OD;av;&J@cspf&Jabmf}uD; q&mAef;armfwifatmif&J@ &ifzGifhoHpum;wcGef;ukd zswfceJ oGm;+yD; owd&rdygw,f? q&m Aef;armfwifatmifu u|efawmfhb0rSm twWqdkvkd@ rcifOD;ukd cspfwJh tcspf wckyJ &Sdygw,fAsmwJh? tJ'DvkdyJ OD;av; OD;cifarmifjrifh&J@b0rSmvnf; twWqkdvkd@ a':wifwiftay: cspfcJhwJhtcspf wckyJ &Sdygw,fvkd@awmif u|efawmf uawmh xyfwljyK+yD; ajymvkdufcsifygw,f? (4) tJ'DumvawGrSm jynfol@wkd;wufa&;ygwD XmecsKyf&J@ Hk;cef;av;xJrSm Hk;xkdifawGozG,f t+rJvkdvkd ae@pOfrysuf &Sdae& avh&w dS muawmh taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;jzpfwhJ tpfu}dk uD; ukv d a S &$e@J tdra f jc,majc r&Sw d hJ ajcovH;k tdrw f i dk o f rm; u|ea f wmf ygy? J 'ga=umifh OD;av;OD;cifarmifjrife h @J ae@pOfvv dk dk t+rJrjywf t&Snv f sm;qH;k aexdi kv f y _ & f m S ; cJ& h wJh ae@&ufawG[mvnf; tJ'D umvawGv@dk yJ ajym&rSm jzpfygw,f? OD;av;eJ@twl aexki dv f y _ & f m S ; cJ& h wJh tJ'a D e@ &ufawG[m vGr;f armzG,a f e@&ufawGcsn;f vk@d yJ ajym&rSmyg? OD;av;&J@ cki dr f mwJ& h yfwnfcsue f @J jywfom;wJp h w d " f mwfudk twGi;f usus odjrifaecJ& h ovk/d OD;av;&J@ k;d om;wJh vufawG@b0eJ@ vlom;qefwJh toJESvHk;ukdvnf; teD;uyfqHk; awG@jrifaecJh&ygw,f? OD;av;qDuae OD;av;tifrwef av;pm;vSwJh q&m}uD;ocifudk,fawmfr_dif;wkd@/ q&mcspf (ocifcspf)wkd@ ta=umif;awGukd ta=umif;tm;avsmfpGm =um;od&avh&Sdovkd/ OD;av;wdk@&J@acwf+ydKif yrnwEkdifiHa&;orm;awGeJ@ vuf,mqkd&S,fvpfawG ta=umif;/ Eki di fa H &;ygwa D wGe@J Eki di fa H &;v_y& f m S ;r_awGta=umif;ukv d nf; r=umc% =um;&avh&w dS t hJ wGuf u|ea f wmft h wGua f wmh OD;av;[m ouf&SdEkdifiHa&;tbd"mef}uD; wtkyfvkdvnf; jzpfcJhygw,f? u|efawmfwkd@ukd,fwkdif }uHKawG@jzwfoef;ae&wJh EkdifiH a&;v_y& f m S ;r_awGtwGi;f rSm wu,fE h i dk i fa H &;bmom&yfudk vufawG@ vrf;!eo f if=um;yk@d csay;aewJh Eki di fa H &;uxdu wOD;ozG,f vnf; jzpfcJh&ygw,f? u|efawmfwOD;csif; cHpm;csuft& ajym&r,fqkd&if OD;av;[m EkdifiHa&;tjrif EkdifiHa&;a&csdef tm;jzifhvnf; jrifhrm; tm;aumif;cJhol jzpfygw,f? &Spfav;vHk;tvGef EkdifiHa&;ygwDawG/ toD;oD;ay:aygufvmp umvu EkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_awG twGif;rSm =um;jzwftpkd;& =um;jzwf!Gef@aygif; a&G;aumufyGJpojzifh pojzifh rwljcm;em;wJh au;a=umfoHawG rwl jcm;em;wJh ygwa D wGtavsmuf ay:ayguf jiif;cHjk rnf[nf;ae=ucse d r f m S OD;av;[m wnf=unfpm G eJ@ +yHK;=unfa h ecJy h gw,f? OD;av;eJ@ cifrif&if;ESD;vSwJh &Jabmf&JbufwcsdK@uawmif jynf ol@wkd;wufa&;ygwDu =um;jzwftpkd;&au;a=umfoHrsdK; au;a=umf 59

rjywJt h ay:rSm 0d"& l vkd vluawmif =um;jzwf ppfppfr[kwa f yr,fh !Ge@f aygi;f qdw k mav;eJ@csw d +f yD; =um;jzwf!e G @f aygi;f vk@d au; a=umfaewJt h cse d r f m S cifAsm;wk@d tzG@J uvnf;Asmqk+d yD; pum;emxk;d ovkd ajymqkv d m=uwJt h xdvnf; OD;av;[m wnfwnf+idr+f idrf eJ@yJ +yHK;=unfhaecJhygw,f? oabmxm;awG uGm[=u/ au;a=umfoHawG rnD=u&muae vufawG@vdktyfaewJh EkdifiHa&; wyfaygif;pk}uD; ay:xGuf rvmEki db f J jzpfae&&if;u wyfaygi;f pk zG@J pnf;Eki da f &;twGuf usi;f yjyKvkyw f hJ Eki di fa H &;ygwD awmfawmf rsm;rsm; wufa&mufwJh tpnf;ta0;}uD;wck ay:aygufvmwJh tcsdefrSmusawmh OD;av;u wcsdK@u =um;jzwfrS =um;jzwf/ wcsKd @u a&G;aumufyJG a&G;aumufye JG @J / =um;jzwfvm; a&G;aumuf yGv J m;qdw k hJ au;a=umfoa H wG rwl=u&mu 'Dva dk u;a=umfoa H wG rwln=D uvk@d twku d t f cHEi dk i fa H &;tiftm;pk awG tm;vH;k &J@ wpkwpnf;wnf;aom Eki di fa H &; wyfaygi;f pk}uD;w&yf rzG@J pnf;Eki db f ;l qk& d if b,fot l usKd ;&Sr d vJ/e0wyJ tusKd ;&Sr d ,f/ ppftpk;d &yJ tusKd ;&Sv d r d r hf ,f qk+d yD; t&Si;f vif;qH;k axmufjycJy h gw,f? ol@&@J Eki di fa H &; tjrifukd tyGifhvif;qHk;eJ@ azmfjycJhygw,f? tJ'DvkdyJ tJ'DumvawGtwGif;u jynfolvlxk=um; a&yef;tpm;qHk;jzpfcJhwJh trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf}uD;twGi;f rSm OuUjk zpfol Akv d a f tmif}uD;uk, d w f i dk u f tzG@J csKyf twGi;f uGejf rLepfawG a&mufaeygw,f? 'Due G jf rLepfawGudk z,fxw k y f pf&r,fqd+k yD; t}uD;tus,f tmabmfzefw;D 0g'jzef@cs+d yD;/ pDpn D H toHay; v_y& f m S ;vmwJt h cgrm S vnf; Eki di fa H &;a&cse d jf rifr h m;vSw/hJ csuq f dk em;cGuu f rD;awmufcw hJ hJ OD;av;OD;cifarmifjrif[m Akv d a f tmif}uD;wk@d &@J wu,fy h uwd kyy f r kH e S u f dk aemausaeatmif od jrif&if; ArmjynfEi dk i fa H &;v_y& f m S ;r_}uD;wckv;kH &J@ wku d y f v JG rf;a=umif;eJ@,O S +f yD; oH;k oyfjy&mrSm uae@ Armjynf 'Dru dk a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;&J@ wku d y f[ JG m 'Dru dk a&pDvv dk m;olawGe@J 'Dru dk a&pDqef@usio f a l wG&@J wku d y f jJG zpf w,f? tJ'gudk 'Dru dk a&pDe@J 'Dru dk a&pDqef@usia f &;wku d y f u JG dk uGejf rLepfe@J uGejf rLepfqef@usia f &; wku d y f jJG zpfvm atmif/ wku d y f v JG rf;a=umif;ukd ajymif;oGm;atmif vkya f e=uwmukd vufrcHEi dk b f ;l ? tJ'v D dk wku d y f v JG rf; a=umif; ajymif;oGm;atmif vkya f e=uolawGe@J vnf; vufrwGE J i dk b f ;l vk@d jywfjywfom;om;yJjrif+yD; t&Sif;vif;qHk; xkwfazmfajym=um;cJholjzpfygw,f? OD;av;&J@ tay:vGif txif&Sm;qHk;aom tm;aumif;csufuawmh ppftm%m&Sifpepftay: wl;wl;cg;cg; rkef;wD;cJh+yD; jywf jywfom;om; qef@usifjycJhum &Spfav;vHk;tvGefumv ajray:EkdifiHa&;ygwDawGtwGif;rSm a&S@qHk;wef;uae OD;OD;zsm;zsm; v_H@ aqmfwkdufyGJ 0ifjyoGm;cJhwJh &J&ifh*k%fajymifvSwJh wkdufyGJpdwf"mwfeJ@ awmfvSefowWdvdk@yJ azmfxkwf*k%fjyKvkdufcsifygw,f? bmha=umifv h ? J =unf=h uyg jynf o l a wG u k d 'D a vmuf E S d y f p uf a e&if vk y f c J h w J h ' %f a wmh cH & rS m yJ ? od y f r a=umuf = uygeJ @ ? uk d & D ; ,m;rS m csef ' l ; 0rf [ m ol @ pd w f } ud K uf tpk d ; &zG J @ xm;+yD ; rS vG w f & mvG w f a =umif ; xG u f a jy; wmawmif rvG w f y gbl ; ? uk d , f v k y f +yD;rSawmh cH&J&rSmaygh? 'gu tpkd;&eJ@ ywfoufvkd@ ajym csifwmyg pnf ; [m jywf j ywf o m;om; jcm;xm;&r,f ? +yD ; cJ h w J h ta&;tcif ; rS m u|ef a wmf w k d @ acgif ; aqmif r _ a wG pk p nf ; nD ! G w f r _ r &S d v k d @ t+yD ; owf a tmif y G J rcH c J h & wm/ 'guk d oif c ef ; pm ,l = u&r,f ? orkdif;a&pD;a=umif;ukd wm;vkd@r&ygbl;? ck[m awmif+ydKaewm/ 'gukd pdwful;,Of+yD; wm;rae=ueJ@/ ajryd uk e f v d r f h r ,f / apmapm tm%mpG e f @ &if apmapmouf o mr,f / vG w f v yf w J h w&m;r#wwJ h a&G ; aumuf y G J u k d k d ; k d ; om;om; awmif ; qk d a ewm/ r&bl ; qk d & if &atmif v k y f = u&r,f (tJ'gawGuawmh 13/ 3/ 1989 ckEp S f &efue k p f ufrw _ uUov dk f jrufcif;jyifrm S jyKvkyw f hJ zke;f armfusq;kH jcif; ESpy f wfvnf tcrf;tem; rSm ajym=um;cJhwJh OD;cifarmifjrifh&J@ rdef@cGef;xJu pum;awGyg? tJ'Dwkef;u tcrf;tem;rSm trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pD tzGJ@csKyfu OD;wifOD;eJ@ a':atmifqef;pk=unfwkd@vnf; wufa&mufcJhwm awG@&ygw,f?) 'Dorkdif;jzpf&yfawGukd vdrfzkd@ 55 ckESpfuwnf;u OD;ae0if; }udK; pm;w,f zwyv acgif;aqmifr_atmufrSm jynfolawG pnf;pnf;vHk;vHk; nDnD!Gwf!GwfeJ@ wkdufcJhwJhwkdufyGJorkdif;ukd ukd,f ykdiforkdif;vkyfypfzkd@ wyfrawmfae@qdk wmvkyfw,f? 'g orkdif;ukd vdrfwm/ 'Dorkdif;vdrfnmcsufukd u|efawmfwkd@ vufrcHbl;? b,fawmhrSvnf; orkdif;ukd vdrfvdk@&rSm r[kwfbl; 26 ESpfwm&J@ 'kuQokuQawGukd ajym=u&if OD;ae0if;eJ@ rqvta=umif;ygrSmyJ? 'gukd b,fbufrS rygbl;qkdwJh +idrfyd OuU}uD;u bmrsm; emp&m &SdovJ? [kdyk*~dKvfta=umif; 'DtzGJ@tpnf;ta=umif; rajym&vkd@ bmha=umifh wm;aewmvJ tck 88 pufwifbmrSm tm%modrf;jyefw,f/ 'g[m wwd,t}udrf/ cifAsm;wkd@ rSwfrdr,f/ u|efawmfwkd@ vlenf; enf;eJ@ tpkd;&zGJ@xm;wmyg/ =um=um raeygbl;qkdwm tckawmh vkyfvkdufwJh pDrHudef;awGu jzpfEkdif&if 26 ES p f r[k w f b l ; / 62 ES p f v k y f r ,f h y H k ay:aew,f ? tajymeJ @ tvk y f u G J aeawmh bmuk d ,H k & rS m vJ ? ck v nf ; yJ uav;awG u k d zrf ; w,f ? ausmif ; om;awG u k d zrf ; aew,f (tJ'v D dk ajymcJw h mawGuawmh jynfo@l w;dk wufa&;ygw/D ouFe;f u|e;f +rdK@e,f qki d ;f bkww f ifye JG @J 44 ESpa f jrmuf zufqpf awmfvSefa&;ae@ tcrf;tem; 27/ 3/ 1989ae@rSm ajym=um;cJhwJh OD;cifarmifjrifh rdef@cGef;xJu pum;awGygyJ) 60

ESpf 50-100 twGif; wcgrS r}uHKzl;/ r=um;zl;wJh vlxktHkur_}uD;a=umifh tpkd;&,E&m;[m vHk;0&yfoGm;cJhw,f? 'D v k d taetxm;vnf ; a&muf a &m Ak d v f c sKyf } uD ; apmarmif u tm%mod r f ; cJ h w mjzpf w ,f ? jynf o l v l x k u r}udKufvkd@ tpkd;&jyKwftHhqJqJrSm tm%modrf;wm[m 'DtHkuwmukd wm;wmyJjzpfw,f? tckawmh 0ef}uD; a[mif ; acgif ; aqmif a [mif ; awG u k d rzrf ; wJ h t jyif tumtuG , f a y;xm;w,f ? taqmif t a,mif a wG a wmif ay;xm;w,f ? 'g u|ef a wmf w k d @ tvum;ajymaewm r[k w f b l ; ? igh 0 rf ; yl q m raeomvk d @ od r f ; &wmawmif orkdif;ay;wm0ef xrf;aqmifwmvkd@ ajymae=u&if 'Dt,ltqukd ausysufatmif wkdufEkdif&ifwkduf/ rwkdufEkdif&if aemufxyf tE &m,f }uD;w,f tck v nf ; yJ t*F v d y f tar&d u ef u k d ol w k d @ yJ qef @ usif o a,mif a&;om;ae=uw,f ? 'D v k d a vrsd K ;eJ @ pnf;Hk;zkd@ }udK;pm;ae=uw,f/ wu,fu olwkd@ qef@usifwm r[kwfbl;? olwkd@tm%m wnf+rJzkd@ toHk;csaewmyJ jzpfw,f? 1953-54 ckESpfavmufu jrefrmjynfxJukd wkwfjzLawG t}uD;tus,f usL;ausmfcJhw,f/ 'Djy \emukd ukvor*~ukd wkdifwJh tcgrSm tar&duefOD;pD;wJh wkwfjzLvkd@awmif rajym&Jbl;? b,fvkdajymcJh=uw,f wif o vJ / Ek d i f i H j cm; usL;ausmf o l r sm;vk d @ ajymqk d w k d i f w ef ; cJ h = uw,f ? wk w f j zLuk d a wmif wk w f j zLvk d @ awmif ratmf & J o l a wG u ck r S e,f c sJ @ qef @ usif o a,mif a ,mif ajymae=uw,f ? 'D a wmh u|ef a wmf w k d @ [m nD n D ! G w f ! G w f e J @ yef ; wk d i f a &muf a tmf &[ef ; &S i f v l ausmif ; om; jynf o l a wG & J @ aoG ; cif ; vrf ; twk d i f ; &J & J 0 H h 0 H h quf v uf c sD w uf = uygpk d @ vk d @ ajym&if ; ed * H k ; csKyf c J h y g&ap (txufrSm ajymcJhwJh 'Dpum;awGuawmh 9/ 4/ 1989 ae@ yJcl;+rdK@e,f jynfol@wkd;wufa&;ygwDzGifhyGJ tcrf;tem;rSm yJcl;+rdK@rSm OD;av;OD;cifarmifjrifh ajym=um;oGm;wJh rdef@cGef;xJu aumufEkwfcsuf pum;awGygyJ?) (5) OD;av;[m ppftpdk;&&J@ zrf;qD;xm;wmukd cH&&if;/ tif;pdeftusOf;axmiftwGif;rSmyJ ol&Jaumif; yDopGm us qHk;oGm;cJh&ygw,f? OD;av;usq;kH oGm;&wmukd twnfjyKEki d +f yD; &ufyi dk ;f twGi;f rSmyJ Armjynfue G jf rLepfygwD A[kd pnf; H;k a&;aumfrwDuae (1993 ck/ azazmf0g&D 27 &ufae@) ae@pe JG @J 0rf;enf;o0%fvm $ wapmifudk xkwf jyefay;yk@d cy hJ gw,f? tJ' J w D e k ;f u u|ea f wmfq h u D wqifh ay;ykd@cJhwJh 0rf;enf;o0%fv$mrSm &Jabmfwkd@. cspfvSpGmaom ygwDOuU &Jabmfcifarmifjrifhonf &efol e0w ppftpkd;&. zdESdyf!Of;yef;r_ a=umifh 1993 ckESpf azazmf0g&D 16 &ufae@u tif;pdefaxmiftwGif; usqHk;oGm;onfhowif;qkd;ukd u|efawmfwkd@ =um;od & ygonf ? Tonf r S m jynf o l @ 'D r k d u a&pD a wmf v S e f a &;ES i f h Armjynf vl r sd K ;aygif ; pH k jynf o l r sm;tzd k @ qH k ; _ H ; r_ } uD ; w&yf jzpf a yonf ? &JabmfcifarmifjrifhESifh ywfoufI ol. wkdufyGJ0ifawmfvSefa&;b0ukd u|efawmfwkd@ aumif;pGm od&Sdygonf? wef z k d ; vnf ; xm;ygonf ? ol . &J & J 0 H h 0 H h usqH k ; r_ o nf jynf o l r sm;ES i f h tjcm;ygwD t zG J @ tpnf ; rsm;twG i f ; wG i f *,uf a umif ; k d u f c wf y gvd r f h r nf ? olav#mufvSrf;oGm;aom aoG;cif;vrf;twkdif; atmifyGJ&onftxd wAkdvfus wAkdvfwuf &Jabmfwdk@ av#muf vS r f ; vd r f h r nf q k d w m ,H k = unf o vk d u|ef a wmf w k d @ uk d , f w k d i f v nf ; Tvrf ; uk d a&G ; cs,f x m;a=umif ; ajymjyvk d ygonf ? pojzifh azmfjyyg&c dS +hJ yD;/ tqH;k rSm tmZmenf &J a bmf c if a rmif j rif h xm0pOf O'gef ; wG i f y gap vkd@ azmfusL;*k%fjyKcJhygw,f? jrifhjrifhrm;rm; wefzkd;xm;+yD; av;av;eufeuf txdrf;trSwf jyKcJh wm jzpfygw,f? [kwfygw,f- OD;av;[m trsm;tusdK;pD;yGm;twGuf ukd,fusdK;pD;yGm;rSefor# pGef@v$wftepfemcH+yD; wkdufyGJ0ifoGm;cJhwJh wu,fhtmZmenfwOD;ygyJ? Armjynf ppftm%m&Sifpepf qef@usifa&;ordkif;rSm/ Armjynf 'Drkdua&pDa&;v_yf&Sm;r_orkdif;rSm OD;av;[m xm0ZOf O'gef;wGif&pfcJhrSm aocsmygw,f? u|efawmfwkd@awG&J@ ESvHk;omawGxJrSm vnf; OD;av;[m xm0pOf O'gef;wGif&pfcJhyg+yD? xm0pOf O'gef;wGif&pfcJhyg+yD? ? 0if;wifhxGef; 61
7/ 1/ 2012 n 11 em&DcGJ?

Eki di fw H umha&;&m
(1) tkdbm;rm;tpkd;& wufvm+yD; vGefcJhwJh ESpfESpfcGJavmufupvkd@ tar&dueftpkd;& EkdifiHjcm;a&;ay:vpD tcsuftcsm r[mAsL[m a'o[m tm&Sypdzdwfa'o jzpfvmw,f? tm&S ypdzdwfa'o +idrf;csrf;a&;eJ@ zGH@+zKd; a&;twGuf tar&duefu acgi;f aqmif&r,f/ +yKdib f ufuif;wJh plyg yg0gtqift h wef;ukd xde;f zk@d twGuf tm&S zpdzdwfa'o[m tar&dueftusLd;pD;yGm;eJ@ qufpyfaew,f? 'ga=umifh tar&dueftpkd;&[m EkdifiHjcm;a&;eJ@ umuG,fa&;qkdif&m ay:vpDpmwrf;rsm; xkwfjyef+yD; tm&Sypdzdwf r[mAsL[mukd csrSwfvmw,f? ppfat;acwfu tar&duef&@J r[mAsL[ma'o[m Oa&my jzpfw,f? qkA d , D ufudk xde;f csKyfz@dk aewk;d NATO eJ@ Oa&myor*~ EU ppfa&; pD;yGm;a&;tkyp f k zG@J w,f? ppfvufeufrsm; t+yKdit f qki d f wk;d cs@J +yD; tEkjrL xdyfzl;wyf wkdufcsif;ypf 'kH;rsm; tjyeftvSef csdef&G,fxm;cJhw,f? =oZmcH e,fy,fcsJ@xGifwJh a'oEW&ppfrsm; wku d +f yD; ESpz f uf pGuz f uf=uw,f? qkA d , D uf +yKd+yD; (1990) aemuf tar&duef[m wOD;wnf;aom tqift h wef;vGef plyg yg0gtjzpf 0ifh0grmefwufcJhygw,f?

tm&S ypdzw d f uH=urRm

armifoef;jra&$
ppfat;vGefumv owif;enf;ynm aygufuGJr_eJ@twl tar&duef aumfykd&dwf bmt&if; urBm jzef@=uufvm w,f? urBmr_acwf urBmh&Gm vpfb&,fv_dif; vGwfvyfaps;uGuf 'Drkdua&pDvl@tcGifhta&; yGifhvif; vl@tzGJ@tpnf; orkdif;ed*kH; csKyf+yD pwJh tar&duefudk pHjyKwJh eD,u dk e G f eD,v dk pf taemufwi dk ;f 'Dru dk a&pD oabmw&m;awG aEGO;D avl;eJ@twl urBmukd v$rf;vmw,f? k&Sm;eJ@ta&S@ Oa&my "mwf=urf;wkdufukoenf;[m ratmifjrifbl;? vufwiftar&duukd wkdufau|;wJh Eki di fw H um aiGa=u;&efya Hk iGtzG@J IMF &J@ 0g&i Sw f ef oabmwlnc D su f aq;cg;}uD;ukd vufwiftar&du Eki di fr H sm;u pGef@ypfvkduf=u w,f? jynfol@tm%mawmfvSefa&;rsm;u tar&duef aumfykd&dwfaESmif}uKd;rsm;eJ@ csuf}uKd; jzwfvu dk =f uw,f? wcse d u f a'0gvc D& H rvkd jzpfaewJh tm*siw f ;D em;/ b&mZD; pwJh t}uD;qk;H Eki di f }H uD;awG[m w[kex f ;dk zGH@+zKd;vmw,f? b&mZD;&J@ pD;yGm;a&;[m r=umao;cifuyJ t*Fvefukd ausmfwufum urBmh qr pD;yGm; zGH@+zKd;EkdifiH jzpfvmw,f? xGef;opfvmwJh BRICS (b&mZD;/ k&m S ;/ tdE, dN / wkw/f awmiftmz&du) Eki di f H pm&if;0if jzpfvmw,f? wOD;wnf; twkr&Sd plyg yg0g tar&duef[m ppfat;vGefumvrSm yifv,fauG@ppf(1991) abmfvfuefppf(1999) tmz*efppf(2001) tD&wfppf(2003) awG wkdufcJhw,f? ta&S@Oa&my uwDWygawmfvSefa&;/ tv,ftm&S ta&mifawmf vSefa&;eJ@ ta&S@tv,fykdif; tm&yfurBmrif;ajymif;rif;v$J awmfvSefa&;awG zefwD;vmw,f? tar&duef&J@ 'Drkdua&pD oGwfoGif;r_/ vpfb&,fwifykd@r_awG[m ratmifjrifkHru oufqkdif&m EkdifiHrsm;rSm zkdz&J jzpfr_awGom jzpfay:vmapygw,f? ta&S@Oa&myeJ@ tv,fOa&myEkdifiHrsm;[m Oa&myor*~&J@ 'kwd,wef;pm;eJ@ wwd,wef;pm; trSDckd EkdifiHrsm;b0u rwufEkdifbl;? NATO &J@ tapmifha&SmufcH EkdifiHrsm; jzpfaew,f? tv,ftm&S ta&mifawmfvSefa&;rsm;[mvnf; tzsm; 62

SL;ukef=uygw,f? 2011 aEGOD;rSm ay:aygufvmwJh ajrmuf tmz&dueJ@ tma&As u|e;f qG,& f dS tm&yfaEGO;D tm%m &Sif qef@usifa&;eJ@ 'Drkdua&pDa&; vlxktkHur_rsm;ukd tar &duef OD;aqmifwhJ NATO u ppftiftm; okH;+yD; rif; ajymif;rif;v$J awmfve S a f &;tjzpf 0ifpu G v f u dk w f t hJ cg jynf wGi;f ppfe@J twl rwnf+idrr f a _ wG ay:ayguv f mw,f? tmz*ef rS tpjyKvkd@ tD&wf qD;&D;,m; vpfAsm; ,Drif tD*spf p ojzifh tm&yftpDtpOf Arab Order ukd armif;olrhJ av ,mOfawGeJ@ wnfaqmufae&w,f? ,cktcgrm S tar&duef[m tD&wfe@J tmz*efppfrS kef;xGuf+yD; r[mAsL[m OD;wnfcsufukd tm&S ypdzdwfa' ook@d a&$@ae+yD jzpfw,f? ol 0ifpu G c fw hJ hJ Eki di fa H wG (qkr d mvD rStp tmz*ef tD&wf vpfAsm; ponf) &J@ jyefvnfxa l xmif a&;eJ@ Eki di fw H nfaqmufa&;ukd jzpfcsi& f mjzpf ypfxm;cJy h gw,f? (2) 1970 ckESpfrsm; tukefykdif;upvkd@ jyKjyifajymif;vJ a&; vkyv f mwJh qk& d , S v f pfwkwjf ynf &J@ zG@H +zKd;wk;d wufr[ _ m tHr h cef; jzpfcw hJ ,f? 21 &mpk 'kw, d q,fpE k p S x f J a&mufwhJ txd tESpf 30 ausmf w[kex f ;dk zG@H +zKd;vmcJw h ,f? wkwz f @HG +zKd; r_[m tm&Sp;D yGm;a&;&J@ armif;ESit f m; jzpfr kH u urBmp h ;D yGm; a&;&J@ armif;ESiftm;vnf; jzpfvmcJhw,f? 911(2011) aemufyi dk ;f tar&duef[m ige@J rwl ig& h efo l vk@d au;a=umf +yD; tmz*efppf tD&wfppfwkd@ukd igwaum aum+yD; wkdufcJh w,f? tJ'D 10 ESpf umv (2001-2011) twGi;f wkw& f @J pD;yGm;a&; zGH@+zKd;wkd;wufr_E_ef;[m tar&duefxuf q,fq rsm;w,f? wkwp f ;D yGm;a&;[m (a':vmeJ@wu G & f if) 450 wk;d cJw h ,f? tar&duef+yD;&if *syefudk ausm+f yD; urBmrSm 'kw, d pD;yGm;a&; t}uD;qkH; EkdifiH jzpfvmw,f? *smreDukdausmf+yD; urBmrSm yk@d ue k t f rsm;qk;H wify@dk whJ Eki di f H jzpfvmw,f? tar&d uefukd ausmf+yD; ukefoG,fr_yrm% trsm;qHkEkdifiH jzpfvm w,f? 'gayrJh tar&duefeJ@ ,SOf&if wkwfu t=urf;zsif; tm;jzifh vlO;D a& 4 qavmuf rsm;+yD; pD;yGm;a&; GDP 3 qavmuf i,fw,f? tar&duef ppftiftm;uawmh urBm rSm t}uD;qk;H ygy? J 2008 tar&duef bma&;uyf 2010 Oa&my au;+rDuyfrsm;eJ@ }uKHawG@vu dk & f wJt h cg taemufwi dk ;f t&if; &Sif urBm[m 1930 pD;yGm;ysufuyf+yD;aemufykdif; t}uD;qkH; pD;yGm;a&;uyf}uD;eJ@ }uKHawG@ae&w,f? tar&duef pm&if;

tif; AsL&kd 2010 tpD&ifcp H mt& tar&duef 6 a,mufrm S 1 a,muf[m qif;&Jwi G ;f eufaew,f? atmufajc 10 &J@ 0ifaiG 12 'or 1 usqif;w,f? tv,ftvwf tdrf axmifp0 k ifaiG 7 'or 1 usw,f? xdyq f ;Hk 10 0ifaiG 1 'or 5 usw,f? tcsrf;omqkH; 1 om +rKd;+rKd; jrufjruf 0ifaiG cHpm;&w,fv@dk qkw d ,f? pD;yGm;a&; Ekdb,fqk&Sif pwpf*vpf&J@ 1 . 1 twGuf 1 &J@ tpk;d &( Of the 1% by the 1 %, for the 1 % ) aqmif;yg;rSm tar&duef&J@ tcsrf;omqkH; 1 [m trsK;d om;0ifaiG&@J 25 ukd ESpp f Of &,l+yD; Eki di f H u,f0r_&@J 40 ukd yki dq f i dk =f uw,fv@dk qkw d ,f? t&if;&Sif pD;yGm;a&;uyfa=umifh qif;&Jcsr;f om uGm [r_ yk}d uD;vmw,f? uyfrS vGwa f jrmufz@dk 0efxy k 0 f efy;dk rSef or# qif;&Jom;(tzdEy dS c f) H rsm; acgi;f ay: ykc H svr dr hf ,f? vuf atmufc( H ukv d e dk /D ukv d e dk w D yki d ;f ) Eki di fr H sm; acgi;f ay: ykc H svr d hf r,f? vkt d yf&if ppfa&;enf;eJ@ xGua f ygu& f m S vdrr hf ,f? rmhup f f ajymcJhwmawG 21 &mpkxJtxd rSefvScsnfhvkd@ ajymolawG rsm;vmw,f? (3) tar&d u ef & J @ yx0D E k d i f i H a &;taetxm;[m twWvefwdwfeJ@ ypdzdwfork'N&m}uD; 2pif; &J@ =um;rSm &Sd w,f? Oa&mywku d u f dk vufvr S ;f rDovkd tm&Swu dk u f v dk nf; vufvr S ;f rDw,f? Oa&mywku d r fm S aewk;d NATO ppfr[m rdwt f y k p f k &Sw d ,f? tm&Srm S tpOftvm r[mrdwE f i dk i fr H sm; jzpfwJh *syef awmifukd&D;,m; =opa=w;vs zdvpfykdif xkdif; wk@d e@J ESpE f i dk i f H umuG,a f &;pmcsKyfrsm; csKyfqx dk m;+yD; jzpfw,f? (tar&dum;[m urBma h cgi;f aqmif jzpf&r Hk u tm&S ypdzw d & f @J acgi;f aqmifvnf;jzpfw,f? tar&dum;[m twW vEBdwfrSmaum ypdzdwfrSmyg tiftm;t}uD;qkH; jzpfw,f? tm&S ypdzw d a f 'oqkw d m tdE, dN wku d i f ,fuae tar&dum; taemufbufurf;ajctxd ypdzw d o f rk'& N meJ@ tdE, dN ork'N &mwk@d yg0ifw,f? 'Da'otwGi;f pnf;pepfudk tajccHwhJ a' oqki d& f m tpDtpOfe@J urBmt h pDtpOfudk yka H zmfwnfaqmuf &mrSm tar&dum;u acgif;aqmif&r,f/ ckdifrmawmifhwif; wJh r[mrdwfuGef&ufukd azmfaqmif&r,f) qkdwmuawmh [Dvm&D uvifwef&@J tar&duef&@J ypdzw d f &mpkpmwrf; (2011 Ek0 d ifbm) &J@ qkv d c dk suy f J jzpfw,f? 'D t wG u f a&S @ ok d @ jzef @ =uuf oH c if ; wref c if ; Forward-deployed diplomacy ukd usio hf ;Hk +yD; t"duvkyf 63

ief;pOf 6 &yf taumiftxnf azmfr,f? vk+H cKHa&; qki d& f m r[mrdwz f @JG r_ wk;d jri/hf xGe;f opfp yg0gEi dk i fr H sm; (wkwt f ygtdE, dN tif'e dk ;D &Sm;) eJ@ qufqa H &;aumif;atmifvy k /f Eki di fp H Hk tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;(ARF, APEC, EAS, ASEAN ponf) wGif yg0if/ ukeo f , G & f if; ES;D jrKyfEr HS _ wk;d jri/hf tar&duef ppfwyf rsm; tus,t f jyef@ xm;&S/d 'Dru dk a&pDe@J v@l tcGit hf a&; wGe;f aqmf qkw d mawG jzpfw,f? tar&duef umuG,fa&;qkdif&m r[mAsL[m okH; oyfcsuf 2012 rSmawmh 21 &mpk&@J wkwt f EW&m,fvk@d twdtvif; ajymw,f? tif'dk ypdzw d f ppfe,f0ef;eJ@ awmif w&kwy f if v,frm S US &J@ rKdif ppftiftm;ukd a&$@ajymif; jcif;[m wkwu f dk xde;f csKyfa&; txD;usef jzpfa&;eJ@ 0ki d ;f ywf a&;twGuf jzpfw,f? tm&Sypdzw d r f m S US ppftiftm; jri/hf ppfa&;pGrf;&nfjrifh/ [ef@wm;ydwfqkd@r_ pGrf;&nfjrifh&r,fvkd@ qkw d ,f? tcsK@d ppfa&;yg&*lrsm; u zsuf wm;- acsre _ ;f qkw d hJ D ok; H vk;H (Dissuade-Deter-Defeat) vk@d ac:w,f? avmavmq,frm S US a&wyftiftm;&J@ ok;H ykw H ykH [m tm&Sypdzdwfa'orSm jzef@xm;zkd@ &nf&G,fw,f? um uG , f a &;bwf * suf jzwf a wmuf & mrS m 'D a 'orS m awmh rav#mhbl;? tmz*efeJ@ tD&wfu kyfvmr,fhwyfawGukd 'D a'ook@d yk@d r,fv@dk vnf; ajymxm;w,f? *ltrf Guam u|e;f rSm tar&duefa&wyf tajcpkdufxm;w,f? *syef awmif uk& d ;D ,m;wk@d rm S US wyftiftm; 50000 avmuf wyfpJG xm;w,f? =opa=w;vs ajrmufyi dk ;f 'g0if Darwin qdyu f rf; rSm tar&duefa&wyf wyfzGJ@tiftm; 2500 ykd@v$wfxm; w,f? US- =opa=w;vs-e,l;ZDvef; tef;Zyf ppfr[mrdwf tzGJ@ jyefvnf zGJ@pnf;w,f? xkdif;rSm ESpfpOf jyKvkyfaeus a&$ a ra[muf Cobra Gold yl ; wG J p pf a &;avh u sif h r _ r S m rav;&Sm; pifumyl zdvpfyi dk f tif'e dk ;D &Sm;wk@d vnf; yg0ifvm w,f? pifumylqdyfurf;[m tar&duef a&wyfoabFm rsm; 0ifxGuf&m qdyfurf;yg? AD,uferfppfyGJaemufykdif; pGef@v$wfcJhwJh xkdif; a&wyfpcef;eJ@ zdvpfykdifa&wyfpcef;rsm; jyefvnfqef;opfEkdifzkd@vnf; }uH&G,fcsuf &Sdw,f? (4) 911 rwkdifrDu tar&duef[m xkdif0rf-ajrmuf uk& d ;D ,m;- uuf&r fS ;D ,m; rD;yGm;rsm;eJ@ vkt d yfovkd uki dw f , G f upm;cJhw,f? ,cktcg awmifwkwfyifv,f a&eHu,f0 w,fv@dk qw dk hJ pyuf&v S u D |e;f rsm;eJ@ ywfouf+yD; Eki di fy H i dk e f uf

tjiif ; yG m ;r_ r sm;[mvnf ; uk d i f w G , f u pm;p&m rD ; yG m ; jzpf vmw,f? ta&S@wkwfyifv,fu u|ef;rsm;eJ@vnf; *syefeJ@ wkwf ykdifeuftjiif;yGm;aew,f? wkwfu oufqkdif&mEkdifiH csi;f +idr;f csr;f pGm ajz&Si;f a&;ukd vkv d m;w,f? tar&duefu Eki di fH wum jy\emtjzpf Eki di fp H t Hk zG@J tpnf; (institution) rsm;t wGif; ajz&Sif;csifw,f? awmifwkwfyifv,f[m tar&duef tusKd;pD;yGm;eJ@ qufpyfaew,f? EkdifiHwum a&a=umif;vkdif; jzpfwt hJ wGuf tar&duefppfoabFmrsm; jzwfoef;cGihf &Sw d ,fqkw d hJ ta=umif;jycsue f @J 0ifxu G a f ew,f? wkwf A[kjd yK Eki di fp H Hk tzG@J tpnf;vkd jzpfaewJh ASEAN-ARF wk@d e@J t+yKdif wkwr f yg tar&duef A[kjd yK ypdzw d jf zwfausmf Eki di fp H Hk rdwz f uftzG@J (TransPacific Partnership) ukv d nf; zG@J pnf;vmw,f? tdE, dN eJ@ r[mAsL[m rdwz f ufjyKr_udk tqifw h ;dk jri+hf yD; tdE, dN wku d i f ,frw S qifh tm&Stv,fyi dk ;f eJ@ tdE, dN ork'N &mukd vufwH&Snf&SnfvSrf;zkd@ vkyfaqmifvmw,f? tdENd,[m jynf wGi;f pD;yGm;a&;eJ@ vlra _ &; rwnf+idrr f r _ sm;eJ@ _ya f ewJt h jyif tD&ef tmz*ef ygupPwef t_yftaxG;rsm; kdufcwfcH&wJhtwGuf wkwf tE&m,fqkdwmukd pdwf0ifpm;ykH rjybl;? wkwfeJ@ vnf; qufqa H &; tqifajyaewmyg? *syefuvnf; pD;yGm;a&; xkdif;tD aewJh=um;u ivsifeJ@ EsLuvD;,m; ,kdpdrfhr_'%f cHae &wJt h wGuf pD;yGm;a&;eJ@ jyefvnfxa l xmifa&;xJ epfaeygw,f? tar&duef tdENd, *syef okH;yGifhqkdifr[mrdwfukd ckdifrmatmif vkyf+yD; wkwfukd xdef;csKyfa&;qkdwJh tar&duef&J@ AsL[m[m avmavmq,f taumiftxnf ray:ao;bl;? avmavm q,frSm tar&duef&J@ yg0gupm;uGif; jzpfaewJh tD&ef-qD;&D; ,m;rSm tar&duef wkwf xdyw f u dk f awG@aeygw,f? (5) wkwf tar&duef pD;yGm;a&;[m tjyeftvSef &if;ES;D jrKyfESHr_ tm;aumif;aeqJyg? wkwfu EkdifiHjcm;t&efaiG a': vm 3 'or 2 x&Dv, D H (oef;axmifaygi;f ) &S+d yD; tar&duefu tau; a':vm 16 'or 7 x&Dv, D H &Sy d gw,f? 2011 tar&duef bwf*sufvkdaiG a':vm 1 'or 58 x&DvD,H &Sd+yD; orkdif;rSm tjrifhqkH; jzpfw,f? tmz*efppf tD&wfppftyg t=urf;zufr_ ESr d e f if;a&; ppfyr JG sm;twGuf tar &duef ukeu f swhJ ppfp&dw[ f m a':vm 2 x&Dv, D H txd pm&if; aygua f ew,f? wkwu f US EU eJ@ IMF bGe;f rsm; tajrmuf tjrm; 0,f,l &if;ESD;jrKyfESHxm;wmyg? 'ga=umifh [Dvm&Duvifwefu tar&duef pD;yGm;zGH@ 64

+zKd;r_[m wkwftwGuf aumif;ovkd wkwf pD;yGm;zG@H +zKd;r_[m tar&dueftwGuf aumif;w,f? ESpz f ufpvk;H twGuf twku d t f cH jzpfaewmxuf yl;aygif; aqmif&Gufr_u ykdtusKd;&Sdw,fvkd@ ajym w,f? Eki di fi H ,fawGtaeeJ@vnf; wkwe f @J tar &duef wckcu k dk a&G;&r,ft h aetxm; a&mufao; wm r[kwfbl;? wkwfzGH@+zKd;r_u tm&StwGuf vnf; tusKd;&Sdaewmyg? ESpfEkdifiH r[mAsL[mvkH+cKHa&; pD;yGm;a&; awG@qHk aqG;aEG;r_awG rjywfvy k +f yD; ESpz f uftajc tae yGiy hf i Gv hf if;vif; wifjyum ,k=H unfr_ wnf aqmufaewmyg? ESpE fi dk i f H xdyo f ;D csi;f eJ@ tqifjh rifh t&m&Sc d si;f rjywfxa d wG@ qufqa H ewmyg? wif; rmr_ ajyavsma h pr,fh qufqa H &;vrfa=umif;rsm; vnf; zGifhxm;ygw,f? wzufu xdawG@qufqH ovkd wzufuvnf; t+yKdiftqkdif tompD;& atmif }uKd;pm;ae wm jzpfw,f? awmif-ajrmuf uk& d ;D ,m; ypfcwfre _ @J wif;rmr_ jzpfwe k ;f u USS George Washington av,mOf w if oabF m }uD;eJ@twl tar&duef-awmifu& dk ;D ,m; uk& d ;D ,m; yifv,fjyifrm S yl;wGp J pfa&;avhusir hf _ jyKvkyc fw hJ ,f? ajrmuf uk& d ;D ,m;eJ@ awmifu& dk ;D ,m; twif;rmqk;H tajctaeyJ? wkwu f tmumo +*Kd[w f z k suf 'k;H prf; oyf y pf c wf j y+yD ; armif ; ol r J h uif ; axmuf a v ,mOfysHukdvnf; prf;oyfysHoef;jycJhw,f? r=um cifrm S ,lu&de;f xHrS 0,f,x l m;wJh av,mOfwif oabFmukdvnf; jyefvnfjyKjyif a&cs+yD; prf;oyf armif;ESifjycJhw,f? 'ga=umifh EkdifiH}uD;awG=um; wzufu ,kH=unfr_ wnfaqmuf&if; wzufu umuG,fa&;jyifqifr_awG vkyfaewm xif&Sm;yg w,f? ukefoG,fa&;ppf qkdufbmppfeJ@ av,mOf wifoabFm v_yf&Sm;jyowJh ppfawG vkyfvmae w,f?

(6) wkwfeJ@ tdENd,=um; tdENd,ork'N&mukd ar;wif x m;wJ h ASEAN tzG J @ 0if Armjynf & J @ yx0Dtaetxm;[mtar&duef ypdzdwf&mpk rS m b,f a vmuf t csuf t csmusw,f q k d w m odomw,f? Armjynf ppftpkd;&uvnf; a&euf qdyu f rf;awG yku d v f i dk ;f awG ta0;ajy;vrf;r}uD;awG urf;vGefa&eHwGif;awG EkdifiHjcm;tultnDeJ@ wnf aqmuf+yD; tcGefaumufpm;zkd@ pOf;pm;w,f? Arm jynfrSm pufr_vnf; rxGef;um;/ pkdufysKd;a&;vnf; rjzpfxe G ;f wJt h wGuf wify@dk p&mu o,HZmwyJ jzpf w,f? =um;cHue ko f , G a f &;tjzpf Armjynfudk jzwfy;D ukep f nfawG pD; qif;aewmukd tcGea f umufpm;He k @J zGH@+zKd;wkd;wufawmhr,fvkd@ xifaew,f? 10 ESpf twGi;f ASEAN ukd rDr,f/ 15 ESpt f wGi;f puFmyl ukd rDr,f pojzifh rpm;&0cref; ajymoluvnf; r&Sufra=umuf ajymw,f? ,kHwJholuvnf; ,kH w,f? ppfwykdif;tpkd;& 2008 atmufu ykHazmf aewJh ArmjynfzGH@+zKd;r_vrf;a=umif;u vufa0cH vrf;a=umif;yJ jzpfw,f? ArmjynfrSm trsKd;om;pD;yGm;a&;uvnf; zkdz&J/ trsKd;om;nDnGwfa&;uvnf; +yKduGJ/ ppf AsLkdu&uf vlwef;pm;u vufa0cHtqifh wuf vSr;f vkw d hJ tmoDouvnf; jyif;jyaew,f? tm&S ypd z d w f 21 &mpk r S m wk d i f ; jynf u k d taygif c H + yD ; xGufayguf&Smwm[m tE&m,f}uD;w,fqkdwm odz@dk vw dk ,f? tar&dueforRw x&l;rif;&J@ 1947 qkA d , D ufxe d ;f csKyfa&;0g'a=umifh ppfat;acwf ay: ayguc f& hJ w,f? ,ck tkb d m;rm;&J@ wkwf xde;f csKyf a&;0g'a=umifh aemufxyf ppfat;wacwf jyef ay:ayguv f m&if Armjynf[m AD,uferfvdk uH=u rRmrsKd; wkd;rSm pkd;ygw,f? tm&SrSmvnf; ql[mwkd rm;uk@d pf upfwu D mc|ef vkE H ;dk ywfcsK[ H ;D topfawG ray:vmbl;vk@d b,for l S tmrcHEi dk r f m S r[kwb f ;l ? ?

armifoef;jra&$
65

Eki di fw H umha&;&m

tm&yfaEGOD;ppfwrf;w&yf

jrprf;at;

orRwtdkbm;rm;u tm&yfaEGOD; udk 'Frdkua&pDjyKa&; twGuf tpOfrjywftm;ay;aewJh=um;u tar&duef jynfaxmifpktay: tm&yfEdkifiHomrefvlxku r,Hk=unf r_ us,fjyef@vmaew,f? Brooking Institution rS &S D b vD w ,f [ rD (Shibley Telhami) &J@ ESpfpOfaumufaeus ppfwrf;rsm;rS tm&yfvlxk xifjrifcsufppfwrf; 2011 udk xkwfjyef vdu k w f ,f? tD*sp/f armfu kd /kd a*sm' f ef/ vpfbEGe/f ,lat tD;eJ@ aqmf't D ma&As (tenf;tusO;f yJ ygw,f) rS +rdK@ae vlxk 3000 xHrS oabmxm;aumufc& H &Sc d suu f kd ,ck vdk awG@&w,f? trsm;pku ta&S@tv,fyi kd ;f tay:xm;wJh 0g&i Sf wef&J@ay:vpD[m a&eHudk xdef;csKyfzdk@eJ@ tpPa&;udk um uG,z f @kd v@kd ,H=k unf=uw,f? 5 uom vl@tcGit hf a&; eJ@ 'Drdkua&pDjyef@yGm;apzdk@vdk@ ,Hk=unfw,f? tpPa&;eJ@tar&duefudk tm&yfrsm;&J@ t}uD;rm; qH;k jynfy&efv@kd jrifw,f? tD&ef&@J EsLuvD;,m; &,lvr kd _ [m a'owGi;f tEkwv f uQ%m tjzpf jrifaomfvnf; tpPa&;eJ@tar&dueftEW&m,fu tD&efxuf tqaygif; rsm;pGm }uD;w,fvdk@ jrifw,f? tm%m&Siftpdk;&rsm;udk qef@usifwJh twdkuf tcHtiftm;pkrsm;tay: wcJeuf axmufcH=uw,f? qD;&D;,m; (86 )/ ,Drif (87 )/ bm&de;f (64 )? vpfAsm;rSmjynfypGufzufr_eJ@ tpdk;&jzKwfcs+yD; u'gzD u d k owf v d k u f w meJ @ ywf o uf v d k @ tjrif E S p f r sd K ; jzpfaew,f? (35) u rSefw,fvdk@ jrifw,f? (46) u rSm;w,fvdk@ jrifw,f? tD*spforRw rlbm&ufudk jzKwfcs+yD; ppfaumifpD SCAF u tm%mv$Jajymif;,lvdkufwJhtay: (tD*spf t&yfom; 750 udk ar;jref;csut f &) (21) u wd;k wuf

r_tjzpf jrifw,f? (43 ) u qkw, f w k r f t _ jzpf jrif w,f? (14 ) u rxl;bl;vd@k jrifw,f? urBma h cgi;f aqmif 9 a,mufukd azmfjy+yD; aemuf wufrnfhorRwudk b,facgif;aqmifvdk jzpfapcsifovJ tar;ud k (tD * spf t &yf o m;awG u d k a r;awmh ) tm'k d * sif (wl&uD) 38 / 'De* D suf (tD&ef) 11 / rif'v J m; (awmif tmz&du) 9 / tA'lvm (aqmf'b D & k if) 8/ tdb k m;rm; 5 ? tm&yfaEGO;d rSm tjyKoabmyg0ifwhJ Edi ki fE H p S E f i kd i fu H kd ar;awmh wl&uD (50 )/ jyifopf (30 ) tar&duef (24 ) wkwf (20 ) eJ@ +Adwe d f (11 )? jynfypGufzufr_tay:tjrif - jyifopfeJ@+Adwdefu &eftvdkqHk;/ wkwfu pGufzufr_tenf;qHk;/ tar&duefu aemufu}udK;udkifolvkd@ jrifw,f? 0g&SifweftaeeJ@ a'owGif; wdk;wufr_&Sdatmif bmvkyo f ifo h vJar;awmh - tpPa&; - ygvufpwdi k ;f +idr;f csrf;a&;&atmifvkyfoifh (55)/ tpPa&;udk axmufcH r_&yfoifh (42 )? tD&eftaeeJ@ EsLuvD;,m;tpDtpOfudk vkyfydkifcGifh &Sw d ,fv@kd ,lqol (64 )/ rvkyo f ifv h @kd ,q l ol (25 )? tEW&m,ft}uD;qH;k Edi ki fE H p S c fu k a kd r;awmh - tpPa&; (71 )/ tar&duef (59 ) tD&ef (18 ) urBmrSm plygyg0gEdkifiHwckwnf;tjzpf b,fEdkifiHudk jzpfapcsio f vJar;awmh - wkwf (23 ) *smreD (15 )/ k&m S ; (12 ) jyifopf (10)/ tar&duefe@J ygupPwef (7 ) pD? (3 - 3 - 2012)

jrprf;at;

66

tm&S ypdzw d a f 'oudk v$r;f rd;k zd@k jyifqifaewJt h ar&duef

uka d xG;
2012/ Zefe0g&D (5) &ufae@u tar&duef&J@umuG,fa&;qdkif&m aoe*FAsL[mvrf;!efudk orRwtdkbm;rm;u xkwfjyefcJhygw,f? 'Dpmwrf;rSm umuG,fa&;qdkif&m toHk;p&dwfrsm; jzwfawmufayr,fh tm&S - ypdzdwfa'o wGif;rSm tar&duef&J@ppftiftm; awmifhwif;pGm&Sdzdk@ tqdkjyKxm;ygw,f? orRwu yifw*GefrSm umuG,fa&; 0ef}uD;vD,GefygeufwmeJ@ yl;wGJppfOD;pD;csKyfrmwiftrfaq;wdk@eJ@ awG@qHkpOfrSmvnf; u|efawmfwdk@[m tm&Sypd zdwfa'owGif;rSm u|efawmfwdk@&J@ wnf&Sdr_udk }uHhcdkifapygvdrfhr,f? bwf*sufav#mhcsr_[m 'Dta&;ygwJh a'o twGuf toH;k p&dwu f a kd wmh xdcu kd a f prSm r[kwy f gb;l vd@k ajymcJy h gw,f? 'Dtcsua f wGt& tar&duef&@J tm&S - ypdzdwfa'otay: tav;xm;tmHkpdkufr_[m ay:vGifygw,f? 'Daoe*FAsL[mvrf;!efpmwrf;rSm tar&duef&J@pD;yGm;a&;eJ@vHk+cKHa&;tusdK;pD;yGm;rsm;[m pdefac:r_eJ@ tcGifhtvrf;rsm; wjznf;jznf; a&m,Sufjzpfay:aewJh ypdzdwftaemufydkif;eJ@ ta&S@tm&SrS tdENd,ork'N&ma'eJ@ awmiftm&Sxd &SdaewJh puf0dkif;jywfa'o}uD;&J@ zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufr_eJ@ cGJr&atmif qufpyfaeygw,f? tar&duefppf wyf[m urBm}uD;&J@ vHk+cKHr_udk qufvufaqmif&GufaepOfrSmyJ tm&Sypdzdwfa'o&J@ tiftm;csdefcGifv#m jyef vnf xde;f !a d &;twGuv f nf; vdt k yfaeygvr d r hf ,f vd@k qdx k m;ygw,f? 'Dtcsuu f tar&duef[m b,fol awG qEN&& dS dS r&S& d dS wurBmvH;k udk ZGww f m0ef,v l p kd w d f jyif;jyif;jyjy &Sa d ewmudk azmfjyaeygw,f? tm&Sypdzw d f a'owGif; 0ifvmwm&J@ &nf&G,fcsuf[mvnf; a'owGif;rSm bufpHkzGH@+zdK;wufvmaewJh wkwfjynfudk xdef; csKyfzdk@qdkwmudkvnf; ruG,fr0SufxkwfazmfaecJhwm=um+yD jzpfygw,f? urBm}uD;udk Adkvfusv$rf;rdk;vdkwJh ol@qEN udk ajymvmcJhwmvnf;=um+yD jzpfygw,f? tar&duef[m qdA k , D uf,e l , D H +ydKuG+J yD;aemuf ud, k u hf , kd u f kd urBmA h v kd t f jzpf cH,+l yD; urBmtES@H u ta&;udpPrsm;rSm ol@&J@}uD;rm;wJh ppftiftm;udk toHk;jyK+yD; ol@tusdK;&Sdzdk@ vkyfvmcJhwm ckcsdefxdygyJ? ppfat; acwfvGefumvtwGif; tar&duef[m 1991 ckESpfu ukvor*~&J@ axmufcHr_eJ@ EdkifiHpHkyg0if+yD; yifv,fauG@ ppfyu JG kd wdu k c fw hJ ,f? 1999 ckEp S u f ukvor*~ukd *krpdu k b f J aewd;k &J@ axmufcr H e _ @J ta&S@Oa&myudk xde;f csKyfz@kd udq k A kd u kd kd wdu k c fw hJ ,f? 2001 atmufwb kd mrSm tmz*efepPwefukd olwOD;wnf; 0ifwu kd c fw hJ ,f? 2003 rwf v rSm ukvor*~a&m/ aewd;k udy k g *krpdu k b f J tD&wfukd 0ifwu kd c fy hJ gw,f? 2011 arvrSm vpfAsm;Edi ki fu H kd ae wdk;tzGJ@0ifrsm;eJ@ tar&duefyl;aygif;+yD; usL;ausmfwdkufcdkufcJhygw,f? tar&duef 0ifa&mufusL;ausmfwdkufcdkuf cHcJh&wJh EdkifiHwdkif; zGwfzGwfa=ucJh+yD; EdkifiHa&;t&/ pD;yGm;a&;t&/ vlr_zlvHka&;t&/ trsdK;om;a&;t& rwnf+idrf Edi ka f om Edi ki fr H sm;tjzpf 'Dae@xd awG@ae=u&qJ jzpfygw,f? ckwcg Oa&myeJ@ ta&S@tv,fyi kd ;f udk 0ifar$+yD;vd@k tm&Sypdzdwfa'obufqD 0if&rf;zdk@ vmcJh+yD jzpfygw,f? 'DwacgufxkwfjyefvdkufwJh pmwrf;t& vmr,fh 10 pkESpfwcktwGif; umuG,fa&;bwf*sufudk tar&d uefa':vm bDvD,H 450 jzwfawmufrSmjzpf+yD; umuG,fa&;qdkif&mOD;pm;ay;r_eJ@ vrf;!efrsm;udkvnf; jyef vnf csrSwfygvdrfhr,f? 'gayrJh yifw*Gefuawmh tajccHbwf*sufeJ@ ppfyGJtoHk;p&dwfrsm;twGuf ESpfpOftar&d uefa':vm bDv, D H 600 ausmf &&Sa d erSmvd@k qdy k gw,f? 'Dbwf*sut f ajctaet& tar&duef=unf;wyftiftm;udk (570 000) rS (490 000) xd av#mc hs rSmjzpf+yD; urf;wufwyftiftm;udk (202 000) rS (182 000) xd av#mc h srm S jzpfygw,f? 'Dvkd wyftiftm; av#mhcsvdkufjcif;tay: vufaxmufumuG,fa&; 0ef}uD;a[mif; avm&ifhaumhu ckvdk av#mhcsvdkuf+yD;aemuf &SdwJhwyftiftm;[m 2001 ckESpfu &SdcJhwJh tiftm;xuf ydkrsm;ygw,f? tar&duefjynfaxmifpk[m tD&wfeJ@ tmz*efppfyGJawG +yD;oGm;vdk@ wyftiftm;av#mhcsvdkufwm jzpfygw,f vdk@ ajymygw,f? tmz*efudk 0ifrwdkuf cifu &SdcJhwJh wyftiftm;xuf rsm;ao;w,fqdkawmh aemufxyfwdkufzdk@ vHkvHkavmufavmuf&Sdaeao;wm aocsmygw,f? wyftiftm;av#mhcswm[m =unf;wyfwckwnf; r[kwfyg? a&wyfrS ckZmppfoabFma[mif; 67

(7) pif;udk tem;ay;jcif;/ avwyfrS wdkufav,mOftkyfpk (6) ckudk tem;ay;jcif;rsm;vnf; yg&Sdygw,f? 'Dvdk wyftoD;oD; udk av#mhcsvdkuf&ayr,fh wyftoD;oD;[m qufvufwm0efxrf;aqmifzdk@ cdkifrmtm;aumif;qJ jzpfygw,f? tar&duef ppf wyf[m av,mOfwifoabFm (11) pif;/ vuf&SdoHk;aeaom AHk;}uJav,mOftkyf/ }uD;rm;aom ukef;a&ESpfoG,foGm; a&,mOf tkyfpkrsm;udk qufvufxdef;odrf;xm;ygw,f? 'ghtjyif rsdK;qufopfAHk;}uJav,mOfopfeJ@ a&ikyfoabFmrsm;&J@ pGrf;&nfjrifhwif a&;twGuf aiGa=u;oHk;pGJr_rsm; qufvkyfrSm jzpfygw,f? qdkufbmppfqifa&;eJ@ vlrJhav,mOfenf;ynmrsm;qufvufwdk;wuf a&;udk OD;pm;ay;vkyfoGm;rSm jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh orRwtdkbm;rm;u u|efawmfwdk@ppfwyf[m ao;i,foGm;ygvdrfhr,f? 'gayrJh zswfvwf+yD; aysmhaysmif;r_&Sd um a&Smifwcifay:aygufvmr,fh tEW&m,feJ@+cdrf;ajcmufr_rsm;udk &ifqdkif&ef tqifoifh&SdaerSm jzpfygw,fvdk@ qdkcJhwm jzpfyg w,f? tiftm;av#mhcsvdkuf&vdk@ tar&duefvdkvm;olwcsdK@ pdwfylyefrSm pdk;&drfyHk&ygw,f? wu,fuawmh ppfat;acwfvGef twGif; wdkufcJhwJh tar&duef&J@ usL;ausmfAdkvfuswJh ppfyGJrsm;a=umifh pD;yGm;a&;tiftm; csnfheJ@oGm;cJh+yD jzpfygw,f? xyfqifh +yD; tar&duef&J@ pD;yGm;a&;tusyftwnf;rsm; }uKHcJh&wma=umifh ol@qEN&Sdoavmuf ppftiftm;wdk;csJ@oHk;pGJEdkifpGrf; r&Sdawmh wmudk tm&Sypdzdwfa'owGif; 0ifvmyHkudk=unfh&if jrifomygw,f? 2012 Zefe0g&dvtwGif;u zdvpfydkift&m&Sdrsm; 0g&Sifwefudk vma&muf+yD; tar&dueft&m&Sdrsm;eJ@ awG@qHkaqG;aEG; &mrSm ppfa&;qdkif&m yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_rsm; wdk;csJ@vkyfaqmifa&;awG aqG;aEG;cJh=uygw,f? 'DaqG;aEG;yGJ+yD;wJhaemuf tar&d uef&J@ ypdzdwfppfXmecsKyfwyfrSL;jzpfwJh a&mbwfoDvwfu zdvpfydkiftaeeJ@ 'Dvdkvma&mufaqG;aEG;wmudk}udKqdkygw,f? 'gayrJh ta&S@awmiftm&Srm S ppfpcef;aqmufz@kd awmh qENr&Sy d gb;l ? zdvpfyi kd u f kd wwfei kd o f avmuf ulny D gr,f? 'gayrJh 1990 pkESpf tapmydkif;ESpfrsm;u ydwfypfcJh&wJh tar&duef&J@ ypdzdwfqdkif&m t}uD;qHk;a&wyfpcef;}uD;jzpfwJh ql;bpfyifv,fatmf a&wyf pcef;rsKd ; jyefvnfwnfaqmufz@kd awmh qEN r&Sy d gb;l vd@k ajymcJy h gw,f? 'Dva kd jymqdr k u _ tar&duefppfwyf[m tm&Sypdzdwfa'owGif; 0ifvmw,fqdkayr,fh vwfwavm tvHk;t&if;eJ@ tylwjyif; ppfa&;t& v_yf&Sm;r,fhvuQ%m r&Sdao;bl;vdk@ cef@rSef;wGufcsufEdkifr,f xifygw,f? 'gayrJh ta&S@awmiftm&SrSmom tar&duefwyftvHk;t&if;eJ@ r&Sdayr,fh tm&Sypdzdwfa'owGif;u wjcm;ae&mawGrSmu &SdaeESifh+yD; jzpfygw,f? avmavmq,f tar&duefwyfawG[m awmifudk&D;,m;rSm (28500)/ *syefrSm (40178)/ [m0dkif&DrSm (42 360)/ *ltrfu|ef;rSm (4 137)/ =opa=w;vsrSm (178) eJ@ ypdzdwf ork'N&m awmifydkif;a&jyifrSm (12 858) eJ@ toD;oD;ae&m,lxm;=uygw,f? ypdzdwfwyfrSL;u ypdzdwfppfXmecsKyftaeeJ@ a'owGif;ay:vmr,fh ta&;ay:udpPrsm;udk teD;uyfaqmif&Guf&mwGif tqifajyap&ef tvSnfhus vSnfhvnfaom wyfzGJ@rsm; tajcjyK&ef =opa=w;vseJ@pifumylu tar&duefjynfaxmifpkudk tcGihf ta&;ay;jcif;[m rdrw d @kd twGuf odyt f qifajy+yD; p&dwp f uvnf; umrdapw,f vd@k ajymygw,f? 2011/ Edk0ifbmvu tar&duefeJ@=opa=w;vswdk@u wyfcGJt&G,ftpm; tar&duefurf;wufwyfzGJ@wck =opa=w;vs&J@ ajrmufydkif;a'ou 'g0if+rdK@ teD;rSm (6) vw}udrf vSnfhvnf+yD; tajccsr_ pwifr,fhta=umif; a=unmcJhygw,f? vmr,fhESpfawGtwGif;rSm 'DwyfzGJ@udk tiftm; (2500) xd wdk;csJ@oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f? puFmyluawmh tar&duef&J@ urf;ajcwdkufcdkufa&;oabFmrsm; ol@qDrSm wyfcszdk@ zdwfac:cJhygw,f? tm&Sypdzdwfa'oudk tar&duefu OD;wnf+yD; 21 &mpk&J@ypfrSwfvdk@ oabmxm;vmwm[m a'owGif; jynfolrsm; twGuf aumif;aomtvm;tvm r[kwfbl;qdkwm tar&duef0ifcJhwJh tmz*ef/ tD&wf&J@ tawG@tuHrsm;t& odomxif &Sm;ygw,f? ckavmavmq,f xdyfwdkufjzpfr_awG rjyif;xefao;ayr,fh odyfra0;wJh umvtwGif; jyif;xefvmp&mawG &Sdae ygw,f? tar&duef[m a'owGif; EdkifiHrsm;udk pnf;Hk;zdk@ ESpfpOfusif;ywJh pifummylu EdkifiHwumh aoe*FAsL[m avhvma&;Xme &J@ &Sef*&DvmaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;udk toHk;ycJhwm ESpftcsdK@&SdcJh+yD jzpfygw,f? 'DaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;rSm ajrmufudk&D;,m;&J@ EsLuvD;,m; tEW&m,f/ tD&ef&J@'kH;usnftEW&m,f/ ppftiftm;}uD;xGm;vmwJh wkwf&J@tEW&m,f qdkwmawGudk yHk}uD;csJ@ wifjy+yD; a'owGif; EdkifiHrsm;u tar&duef&J@ acgif;aqmifr_eJ@ tumtuG,fay;r_udk cH,lvmatmif aqmf=ovmcJhwm jzpfygw,f? tar&duef [m a'owGi;f rSm &Sa d ewJh ydyuQrsm;udk zGay;/ ajrmufyifa h jcxd;k ay;+yD; jyif;xefvmrS ol@ppftiftm;oHk;+yD; 0ifa&mufpGuf zufum ol@twGuf tusdK;tjrwf&atmifvkyfzdk@ acsmif;aewm jzpfygw,f? 'Dvdkvkyfzdk@ =opa=w;vs/ pifumyl/ zdvpfydkif/ AD ,uferfwdk@eJ@ &&Sdxm;wJh oabmwlnDr_ yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_rsm;eJ@ ajcukyfrsm;u vHkavmufEdkifygw,f? ckavmavmq,f awmifwkwfyifv,fu e,fajrydkifeuftjiif;yGm;r_rSm ajz&Sif;&cufatmif ajrmufyifhajcxdk;r_awG vkyfxm;cJh+yD jzpfygw,f? 'Da'owGif;ydyuQ jyif;xefvmzdk@ tar&duef[m tcsdef,l+yD; vkyfvmawmhrSm aocsmygw,f? tm&S&J@ pD;yGm;a&;zGH@z;wdk;wufr_rsm;udk=unfh+yD; 21 &mpk[m tm&S&J@&mpkESpfvdk@ 0rf;yef;wom =obmay;aecsdefrSmyJ 'Da'owGif;u atmifjrifr_eJ@toD;tyGifhawGudk zsufqD;ypfr,fh ppfyGJt&dyfta,mifawGudk tar&duefu o,faqmif0if a&mufvmaewm jrifae=u&yg+yD? a'owGif; jynfolrsm;eJ@ EdkifiHtoD;oD;u [ef@wm;Edkifrvm; uka d xG; 68 qdw k m apmif=h unf=h uzd@k yJ &Sy d gawmhw,f?

Eki di fw H umha&;&m

2011 twGi;f ta&;}u;D wJh tjzpftysuf owif; 10 ck

pdr;f jrjr0ki d ;f
(1) tm&yfaEGO;D ? ? 2011 aEGOD;/ wleD;&Sm;u pwifcJhwJh tpkd;&qef@usifa&; vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_}uD;[m wrk[w k c f si;f tm&yfurBmwckv;kH ukd odr;f usKH ;ku d c f wfom G ;cJw h ,f? tD*sp/f vpfAsm;/ ,DrifpwJh ta&S@ tv,f ykdif;EkdifiH 10 EkdifiHausmfausmftxd *,ufkdufoGm;w,f? ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm tm%mqkyfukdfifxm;=uwJh ta&S@ tv,f y k d i f ; u tm%m&S i f a wG j zpf = uwJ h yif t mvD / rl b m&wf / qm&D [ uf w k d @ [m quf w k d u f q k d o vk d tm%mjyKwfusom G ;=u+yD;/ u'gzu D awmh r_rvS aoqH;k Zmwfor d ;f oGm;&w,f? tajctae tajymif; tvJawG [m vlawGwGufqvkd@ vkdufrrDatmif jrefqefvGef;vSw,f? wcsdK@ u|rf;usifolawGuawmh tm&yfaEGOD;&J@ *,ufu dk c f wfre _ @J qkA d , D ufjynfaxmifp+k ydKusrw _ @dk udk wwef;wpm;wnf; xm;csi=f u+yD; 2011 &J@ *,ufu dk r f _ t}uD;qH;k Eki di fa H &;tjzpftysuv f @dk qk=d uw,f?tm&yfaEGO;D uae tm&yfaqmif;txd qENjyv_y& f m S ;r_awGu rjywfrvyf jzpfay:cJw h ,f? vpfAsm;rSm twGi;f eJ@tjyif [efcsun f n D D aygi;f pyfvy _ & f m S ; vGwa f jrmuf apvku d f +yD;wJa h emuf qD;&D;,m;[m trsm;wum&J@ 0ki d ;f 0ef;wku d c fu dk r f a _ wG cHae&w,f? wzufrm S jynfwi G ;f u jynfol vlx& k @J qENjyqef@usir f a _ wGe@J &ifqi dk }f uHKawG@ae&+yD; tjcm;wzufrm S tar&duefO;D aqmifwhJ taemufty k p f e k @J tm&yfr[mrdwftzGJ@csKyf&J@ tusyfukdifcHae&vkd@ EkdifiHa&;tm%muvnf; +ydKvkqJjzpfum tvGefpkd;&drfzG,f&m aumif;aeygw,f? tm%m&SiE fi dk i fa H &;eJ@ tcGit hf vrf;awG csKyfui dk x f m;r_awGudk vlr _ awmfve S a f &;jzifh +zdKcGi;f Eki df cJw h ,f? 'gayrJh tJ'a D emuf t&Se d t f [ker f ysuf oyGwt f v l u dk a f ewJh tajctaeeJ@ tm&yfEi dk i fa H wG[m 'Dru dk a&pD ay:xGe;f a&; vrf;a=umif;ay:ukd wufvr S ;f oGm;Eki d f roGm;Eki dq f w dk muka d wmh urBmolurBmom;awGtwGuf ar;cGe;f }uD;w&yftjzpf csefxm;cJhw,f? (2) bifvm'if ypfowfcv H u dk & f jcif; ? ? tar&duefu 13 ESpf=um zrf;0&rf;xkwfxm;cH&wJh t=urf; zuf0g' orm;tjzpf emrnfausmf=um;vSwJh bifvm'if[m 2011 ar 2 &ufrSm ypfowfcHvkduf&w,f? 2011 [m 9-11 ta&; tcif; 10 ESpjf ynfa h jrmufwhJ tcgor,jzpfw,f? bifvm'ifudk ypfowfvu dk E f i dk jf cif;[m tar&duef&@J 10 ESp=f um t=urf;zuf0g'qef@usiw f u kd c fu fkd a f &;&J@ tqH;k owf tjzpf azmf!e ;f aew,f? 'D 10 ESpw f mtwGi;f tar&duef[m t=urf;zuf0g'qef@usiw f u dk c fu dk a f &;ukd EkdifiHawmfvHk+cHKa&; aoe*FAsL[m&J@ ta&;}uD;qHk;wm0eftjzpf csrSwfcJhw,f? wqufwnf; tmz*efppfyGJeJ@ tD&wfppfyGJukd pwifcJhw,f? t=urf;zuf0g'qef@usifwkdufckdufa&; trnfjzifh =oZmcHe,fy,fwkd;csJ@r_[m A[kd tm&Sa'otxd a&mufvmw,f? 10 ESpfwmtwGif; t=urf;zuf0g' qef@usifwkdufckdufa&;eJ@ bifvm'if vkdufvHzrf;qD;a&;twGuf tar&duef tpkd;&oHk;pGJcJhwJh aiGa=u;yrm%rSm tar&duefa':vm bDvD,H 2000 txd&SdcJhw,f? t=urf;zuf0g' qef@usifwkdufckdufa&; ppfrD;awmuf[m ygupPwefEkdifiHwGif;txd ul;puf awmufavmifco hJ vkd tpPvrfurBmtwGi;f =uufuav;acG;uav;utp +idr;f +idr;f csr;f csr;f rae&&SmbJ taESmifh t,Suf jzpfcJh&w,f? 'Dae@ bifvm'ifukd ypfowf+yD;oGm;cJhayr,fh wurBmvHk;rSm t=urf;zuf0g' qef@usif wku d c fu dk a f &; tajctaeudk taumif;jrifv@dk r&ao;ygb;l ? ygupPwef/ tmz&du ajrmufyi dk ;f eJ@ ,DrifpwJh a'o rsm;rS m zG J @ pnf ; xl a xmif x m;wJ h tajccH p cef ; awG [ m vG w f v yf w J h H k ; cG J a wG t jzpf jzpf x G e f ; wk d ; 69

wufay:xGua f ew,f? 'DtajccHpcef;awG[m t=urf;zufvy k & f yfawG pnf;H;k zG@J pnf; aqmif&u G E fi kd w f hJ pGrf;&nfawG&Sdaew,f? 'ga=umifh bifvm'ifukd ypfowfvkdufEkdifjcif;[m t=urf;zuf tajccH pcef;awG tqHk;owfoGm;wJh trSwfvuQ%m r[kwfovkd t=urf;zuf0g' tqHk;owfoGm;wJh trSwv f uQ%mvnf; r[kwy f gb;l ? bifvm'ifve G a f cwfrm S tar&duef[m urBmvH;k qdi k& f m t=urf; zuf0g'qef@usia f &; A[kc d sur f ukd b,fvx dk e d ;f !r d vJ/ urBmh t=urf;zufqef@usia f &; tajctae[m b,fvkd wkd;wuf ajymif;vJvmrvJqkdwmukd wurBmvHk;u rsufajcrjywf *kpkdufapmifh=unfhoGm; &ygvdrfhr,f? (3) *syefajrivsi? f ? *syefta&S@ajrmufyi dk ;f yifv,furf;pyfa'o[m 2011 rwf 11 &ufae@u 21 &mpk twGi;f tjyif;xefq;kH jzpfwhJ ajrivsi' f %fcv H u dk & f w,f? ajrivsi[ f m tqifh 9 '\r 0 eJ@ tJ'a D emuf qlemrDvi d_ ;f awG ay:vmvk@d yifv,fjyif[m pku d c f if;awGjzpfom G ;ovkd pku d c f if;awGu yifv,fjyifjzpfom G ;wJh tjzpfq;dk eJ@ &ifqi dk v f u dk & f w,f? ajrivsi& f @J *,ufu dk c f wfra _ =umifh *syefrm S tajccHwnfaqmufr_rsm;eJ@ pGrf;tifqkdif&m wyfqifr_awG t}uD;tus,f ysufpD; qHk;_H;cJhygw,f? 'g a=umifh jyefvnfemvefxvm+yDjzpfaewJh *syefp;D yGm;a&;[m jyefvnf at;pufom G ;cJ& h w,f? ajrivsif }uD;a=umifh *syefEsLuvD;,m;"mwfaygi;f zkd ,kp d r d r hf _ jzpfca hJ o;w,f? uyfa&m*ge@J wlwhJ EsLuvD;,m; jzmxGur f _ owif;[m wc%twGi;f ys@H vi Go hf m G ;+yD; ywf0ef;usi& f dS qufpyfaewJh Eki di fa H wGudk ysm,m cwfum txdww f vef@ jzpfapcJw h ,f? *syef&@J EsLuvD;,m;tusyt f wnf;u wurBmvH;k tm; EsLu vD;,m;pGrf;tifeJ@ ywfouf+yD; jiif;ckefr_eJ@ jyefvnfpOf;pm;oHk;oyfa&;ukd jzpfay:apcJhw,f? EsLuvD; ,m;pGr;f tif[m vH+k cHKpdwt f cs&qH;k pGr;f tift&if;tjrpf [kwr f [ S w k & f @J vm;? vlom;awG[m EsLuvD; ,m;pGrf;tifukd b,fvkd toHk;csoifhovJqkdwmawGukd ta&;w}uD; ar;jref;ppfaq;r_awG rvkyfbJ raeEkdifatmif jzpfukefawmhw,f? *syefajrivsif}uD;[m urBmhEsLuvD;,m;pGrf;tif zGH@+zdK;wkd;wuf a&; orki d ;f twGuf tcsKd ;tauG@ jzpfvmygvr dr hf ,f? 'gt h jyif aemif&n S =f umwJh tcse d u f mvwcktwGi;f vlom;awG&J@ EsLuvD;,m;qkdif&m pdwful;pdwfoef; awGvnf; ajymif;vJoGm;ygvdrfhr,f? (4) Oa&my au;+rD t usyf t wnf ; ? ? *&d u pwif c J h w J h au;+rD t usyf t wnf ; [m wESpfwm=umvm+yD;aemuf 2011 ukefqHk;awmhr,fhqJqJumvrSm ,lkdaiGa=u;ZkefwckvHk;txd us,fjyef@oGm;ygw,f? *&drS quf+yD; tdkif,mvef/ b,fvf*sD,ef/ ay:wl*D/ pydef+yD;aemuf Oa&my&J@ tjrKawEkdifiHwEkdifiHjzpfwJh tDwvDuvnf; uwd0efcHcsufawGukd ausmckdif; azmufzsuf&wJh ab;tE&m,f uyf+idcJh&w,f? ,lkdaiGa=u;ZkeftwGif;&Sd EkdifiHawGrSm au;+rDtusyftwnf;a=umifh Eki di fa H &;ZmwfckH wkec f gr _ eJ@ vlra _ &;tusyt f wnf;awG jzpfay:um wESpw f m tcse d w f w dk a dk v;twGi;f wqufwnf; EkdifiH 5 EkdifiHu 0ef}uD;csKyfawG[m tvkyfwm0efrS ,m,DcGifh,l&wJh tajctaexd jzpfoGm;cJh&w,f? Oa&my ysufjyKef;r_qdkwJh a=uuGJzG,fpdwf"mwf[m pwifus,fjyef@vmaeyg+yD? bHt k usKd ;pD;yGm;eJ@ wlnw D E hJ i dk i fa H &;tjrifr&Sr d u _ ,la dk iGa=u;Zket f wGi;f tjyeftvSef tjypfyc kH saer_awG a=umifh wESpw f mumvtwGi;f tcuftcJawGom wd;k yGm;vmapcJw h ,f? rsua f rSmufumvrSm ,la dk iG a=u;Zket f wGi;f aiGa=u;tajrmuftjrm; xk;d oGi;f ay;&ef tylwjyif;vkt d yfygw,f? 'gayrJh Oa&myb%f [m vufawG@uswhJ enf;em &SmrawG@jzpfaew,f? 2012 rSm au;+rDjyefqyfa&;u xdyw f ufvmae +yDjzpfvkd@ ,lkdaiGa=u;Zkef xlaxmif+yD;wJhaemuf tjyif;xeftqdk;0g;qHk; pdefac:r_eJ@ &ifqkdifae&yg+yD? (5) tar&d u ef u tm&S y pd z d w f a 'o tcif ; tusif ; uk d tyl w jyif ; xd e f ; ! d a ejcif ; ? ? 2011 [m tm&Sypdzw d f a'o tcif;tusi;f ukd tar&duefu tylwjyif; xde;f !c dw hJ hJ uGi;f qufuswhJ ESpfwESpfjzpfw,f? 'DESpftwGif;rSmyJ tar&duef[m tar&duef/ *syef/ awmifukd;&D;,m; r[mrdwf tzG@J udk tm;opfoe G ;f avmif;ay;+yD; Armjynf/ AD,uferf/ tif 'ke d ;D &Sm;wk@d udk qGa J qmifor d ;f oGi;f vmum toHaumif;[pf+yD; awmifwkwy f ifv,f ta&;udpu P dk 0ify _ a f ewm/ ypdzw d f ork'& N mcG+yD; pD;yGm;a&; r[mAsL[m rdwa f qGz@JG r_ pmcsKyf (TPP) ukd tpGr;f ukef wGe;f aqmfaewm/ =opa=w;vsrm S wyfpcef; cswm/ tm&Sypdzdwfa'orSm ppfa&;t& wnf&Sda&;ukd tm;jznfhaqmif&Gufaewm/ ta&S@tm&S xdyfoD;tpnf;ta0;ukd tzGJ@0if EkdifiHtjzpf w&m;0ifwufa&mufaewmawG[m tm&Sypdzdwfa'o tcif;tuskif; jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&; t}uHtpnfukd xif&Sm;ay:vGifvSygw,f? 21 &mpk yxr 10 ESpt f wGi;f tar&duef[m t=urf;zuf0g' qef@usiw f u dk c fu dk a f &;twGuf ta&S@tv,fyi dk ;f a'oukd 70

tmHp ku dk c fy hJ gw,f? ,ck 'kw, d 10 ESpt f wGi;f tD&wfppfyJG tqH;k owfom G ;jcif;eJ@ bifvm'if ypfowfc& H jcif;/ tm&SypdzdwfpD;yGm;a&;wckvHk;[m tvsiftjref xGef;opfvm aewmeJ@tr# tar&duef[m tm&Sypdzdwf a'oukd aoe*FAsL[mt& topfwzefjyefvn S t hf av;xm;vmvdrr hf ,fqw dk m oHo,jzpfp&m rvky d gb;l ? 0ef}uD;uvifwefu [m0di k, f u D |e;f rSm tar&duef&@J tm&Sypdzw d a f 'o ay:vpDudk rde@f ce G ;f ajym=um;+yD;aemuf tar&duef[m tJ'Da'o&J@ acgif;aqmifZmwfaumiftjzpf aemufw}udrf tav;xm;vmjyefw,f? yxr qH;k taeeJ@ ta&S@tm&S xdyo f ;D tpnf;ta0;rSm tzG@J 0ifEi dk i ft H jzpfe@J wufa&mufvmw,f? 'Dtpnf; ta0;[m tm&Sypdzdwfa'ookd@ tar&duef jyefvnfajccsvmwJh trSwfvuQ%moabmaqmifwJh tpnf;ta0;jzpfw,f? tar&duefumuG,fa&;0ef}uD;uawmh tar&duef[m tm&Swkdufukd dkaoav; jrwfpm G vma&mufawGqa kH eol r[kwy f gb;l ? oH;kH pku d x f m;wJh Eki di f jH zpfw,fv@dk wifjycJh w,f? tar&duefu tm&Sypdzw d a f 'o tcif;tusi;f ukd tuGua f phaph xlaqmufaejcif;[m tm&Sypdzw d a f 'o tiftm; tcif; tusif; tajymif;tvJ topfawG rkcsay:xGufvmvdrfhr,f? 'ghtjyif a'ovHk+cHKa&;tajctaeukdvnf; pdefac:r_awG aqmif=uOf;vmygvdrfhr,f? (6) a0gvrf;rukd odr;f yku d a f &; v_y& f m S ;r_? ? 2011 pufwifbm 17 u tar&duefrSm axmif aomif;ruwJh jynfov l x l a k wG a0gvrf;rrSm pkpnf;+yD; vl@tzG@J tpnf;twGi;f w&m;r#wr_r&Sjd cif;eJ@ a0gvrf; rrS =oZmt&Se dt f 0g &So d a l wG&@J avmbaZmvGeu f a J er_ukd uef@uu G c f =hJ uw,f? aiGa=u;}uD;=uyfppfaq;r_udk xdxa d &mufa&mufrvkyw f t hJ wGuf tpk;d &ukd jypfwifa0zefcw hJ ,f? wcse d w f nf;rSm a0gvrf;rukd odr;f yku d f =u qdw k mukd au;a=umfvu dk =f uw,f? tJ'a D emuf odr;f yku d a f &;v_y& f m S ;r_[m wrk[w k c f si;f ys@H E@HS om G ;cJw h ,f? wpwp tar&duefwjynfv;kH ok@d odr;f usKH ;ku d c f wfom G ;awmhw,f? 'gt h jyif taemufwi dk ;f urBmukd vlxv k uQ%maqmifwJh vlr_a&;v_yf&Sm;r_tjzpf odrf;usHK;kdufcwfoGm;jyefw,f? wvt=um atmufwkdbm 17 &ufa&mufawmh odr;f yku d a f &;v_y& f m S ;r_[m wurBmvH;k u Eki di f H 82 Eki di f& H @J +rdK@ 951 +rdK@txd us,jf yef@om G ;yg awmhw,f? qENjyolawGu a0gvrf;r[m 'Dt}udrfaiGa=u;tusyftwnf;ukd jzpfay:apwJh eHygwfwpfw&m; cHtjzpf _jrif=uw,f? 'gayrJh olw@dk &@J avmbaZm wufro _ bm0awG[m '%fcwfrr _ &Sw d ma=umifh tpk;d & taeeJ@vnf; aiGa=u;tajrmuftjrm; taxmuftultjzpf r&&SdbJ qHk;_H;vufvGwf&w,f? ,cktcg a0gvrf;rrS =oZmt&Se d t f 0g&o dS a l wG[m vlrz _ v l a kH &;ukv d nf; jrifjh rifr h m;rm;cHpm;&wJt h jyif tjrwftpGe;f cGa J0 ay;r_uv dk nf; jrifjh rifr h m;rm;&&Sa d e=uao;w,f? 'gayrJh 'gawG tm;vH;k ukd xrf;yk;d xm;&wJh tcGex f rf;aqmif ae&olawGrm S awmh tvkyv f ufrb hJ 0eJ@ pD;yGm;a&;usyw f nf;r_udk &ifqi dk a f e&w,f? a0gvrf;rukd odr;f yku d a f &; v_y& f m S ;r_[m jynfol vlx}k uD;u rauseyfra _ wGudk azmfjyvku d w f m jzpfw,f? 'gayrJh tjypfwif nnf;wGm;r_ [m &nfre S ;f csur f [kwy f gb;l ? t&if;&Sip f epftwGi;f wnf&a dS ewJh jy\emawG[m wifjy&ef vG,u f w l m jzpfaumif;jzpfayr,fh ajz&Sif;zkd@=uawmh tvGefcufygw,f? 1 &mckdifE_ef;om&SdwJh csrf;omu,f0olawGeJ@ 99 &mckdifE_ef;aom jynfolawGt=um; tusdK;pD;yGm;cGJa0a&;rSm oifhwifhr#wwJh tav#mhay;aphpyfvkduf avsmr_ukd b,fvkdvkyf a&mufEkdifrvJ? 'g[m tar&dueftpkd;&eJ@ vl@tzGJ@tpnf;twGuf csefxm;cJhwJh jy\emjzpfw,f? (7) tD&wf&Sdwyfrsm;ukd tar&duef kyfodrf;jcif;? ? 2012 ESpfopfukd vSrf;0ifvkdufwJh em&Dxkd;oH jrnfvu dk w f hJ tul;tajymif;umvrSm tar&duef&@J aemufq;kH tokwf ppfwyfudk kyo f r d ;f vku d w f meJ@ twl 8 ESpw f i dk w f i dk f =umcJw h hJ tD&wfppfyv JG nf; tqH;k owfom G ;cJw h ,f? vGec fw hJ hJ 8 ESpu f tar&duef[m t=urf; zufqef@usiw f u dk c fu dk a f &;tvHudk v$ix hf +l yD; quf' f ef[p le dr fm S tpkvu dk t f +yHKvku d a f oapwJh vufeuftajrmuf tjrm;&Sa d e+yD; t=urf;zuform;awGudk taxmuf tulay;aew,fqw dk t hJ a=umif;jycsue f @J ta=umif;rJh oufouf&ef&m S +yD; usL;ausma f &;ppfukd pwifcw hJ ,f? 8 ESpw f m ppfya JG =umifh tD&wfjynfol 1 '\r 75 oef; qif;&J'u k w Q i G ;f usa&mufc& hJ w,f? Eki di fa H wmf&@J tajccHwnfaqmufa&;rsm; tm;vH;k vkv d kd ysuo f O k ;f ukefovkd jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;jzpfpOfawGuvnf; t}udrf}udrf ratmifrjrif jzpfcJh&w,f? vHk+cHKa&; tajctaerSmvnf; tcufawG@ae&qJjzpfw,f?

71

'DppfyGJrSm tEkdif&ol&,fvkd@ r&Sdygbl;? tar&duef[m qwf'ef[lpdefukd }udK;ay;owfEkdifcJh/ tD&wfe,fajrukd odrf;ykdufEkdifcJhayr,fh 'Drkdua&pD EkdifiHa&;pepfqdkwmukd xklaxmifray;EkdifcJhygbl;? 'gt h jyif tD&wfjynfoa l wGe@J tD&wftpd;k &&J@ pdw" f mwfudk ykv d a dk wmif tEki dr f ,lEi dk c fy hJ gb;l ? wcse d w f nf;rSm tar&duefppfom; 4 axmifausmf tD&wfrSm toufqHk;H_;cJh&vkd@ tar&duef tpkd;&taeeJ@om }uD;rm;wJh wefz;dk ay;qyfc& hJ wmyg? ukeu f sp&dwr f sm;vSwhJ 'Dppfyu JG dk a&S@qufz@dk tar&duef tpk;d &[m ppfo;kH p&dwu f dk t}uD;tus,f &if;ES;D jrKyfEz HS @kd vkt d yfwmrk@d jynfwi G ;f u wjcm;vkyi f ef;&yfawGrm S &if;ES;D jrKyf ESr H a _ wGudk rav#mr h jzpf av#mc h svu dk & f w,f? ppfyJG 2 yGt J wGuf ay;qyfc& hJ vk@d rSLEki dr f u,fEi kd jf zpfae&wJh t=um;u tD&efukd owday; +cdrf;ajcmufaew,f? 'gayrJh pD;yGm;a&;tusyftwnf;&J@ xkd;ESufr_ukd t}uD;tus,f cHxm;&vkd@ tar&duef[m pdwfoGm;wkdif; ukd,frygEkdifawmhygbl;? 0efxkyf0efykd;awGukd wjznf;jznf; av#mhcsa&;twGuf tar&duef[m aoe*FAsL[m tav;xm;csufukd ykdrkdta&;ygwJh tm&Sypdzdwfa'ookd@ a&$@ajymif;cJhw,f? wcsdefwnf;rSmvnf; jynfwGif;pD;yGm;a&;ukd ukd,ftm;^m%f tm; pkpnf;um trdt& qkyu f i dk a f &;/ axmufcr H E _ e _ ;f usqif;aewmukd u,fwifa&;twGuf tkb d m;rm; [m tD&wfrS wyfy k o f r d ;f a&;ukd qH;k jzwfc& hJ w,f? 'Dq;kH jzwfcsu[ f m rwwfomvk@d qH;k jzwfvu dk & f wm jzpfaumif;jzpfEi dk a f yr,fh tvGe^ f m%ftajrmftjrif&w dS ,fv@kd qkE d i dk y f gw,f? a0gvrf;rrSm qENjyolawG uawmh 'kuQa&mufaewJh tar&duefpD;yGm;a&;ukd owday;acgif;avmif; xkd;vkdufwmjzpfygw,f? (8) tar&duef&J@ EkdifiHawmfau;+rDuyf? ? 2011 =o*kwfrSm ay:aygufcJhwJh tar&duef&J@ EkdifiH awmfau;+rDuyfu Zmwf=urf;wuGuu f dk wifqufjyocJy h gw,f? 'Dru kd &ufwpfygwe D @J &DywfAvpfuef ygwD 2 ygw[ D m au;+rDjy\emukd wzufe@J wzuf aemufrqkwb f J &efapmifae&mu aemufq;kH tcse d f av;rSm aphpyfajyvnfr_ &&So d m G ;cJv h @dk urBmjh ynfoa l wG rsuv f ;kH rsuq f efjyL; yg;pyfta[mif;om; jzpf oGm;apcJhw,f? tar&dueftpdk;&[m tau;acs;,lr_ukd rSDckd/ qif;&Jusyfwnf;pGm aexkdifvmcJhwm ESpf&Snf =umanmif;cJhyg+yD? tar&duef 1 a':vm oHk;pGJvkdufwkdif; jym; 40 tau;wifoGm;vkdufjcif;ygyJ? bmaiGa=u; tusyftwnf; ay:aygufvm+yD;aemuf jynfwGif;pD;yGm;a&; E_d;qGa&;twGuf ae@pOf {&mr toHk;p&dwfukd 0wfrysuf aqmif&Gufae&vkd@ tar&dueftpdk;&[m aiGpuULtrsm;tjym; kduf xkwfHkrSwyg; aiGacs;,loHk;pGJwJh xGufvrf;wckom &Sdygawmhw,f? 'ga=umifh tau;ukd uef@owf xm;raeEki da f wmhbJ w&pf+yD;w&pf tau;wufvmaevk@d ta&S@x&HcsKd ; taemufx&Huz dk m wJe h nf; uka d wmif roH;k Eki da f wmhbJ tE&m,fawGudk r#a0 xrf;aqmifay;a&;twGuf wjcm;Eki di fu H aiGudk acs; ,loHk;pGJ&awmhw,f? 'Dt}udrf tau;uyf[m xdwfvef@p&mawG &SdcJh+yD; tE&m,fr&SdbJ ausmf jzwfEkdifayr,fh tar&duef[m aemifESpftwGufxm;wJh &duQmukd ,ckuwnf;u pm;ypfavh&SdwJh acs;iSm;oH;k pGw J hJ tavhtusiu hf dk rjyifEi dk b f J 'Dru dk &ufwpfygwe D @J &DywfbvpfuefygwD 2 ygwt D =um; rwlwJhygwDtzGJ@tpnf;awG&J@ tusdK;pD;yGm;ukdom ukd,fpm;jyKae=uOD;r,fqdk&if tar&duefrSm au;+rD uyf[m taES;eJ@tjref xyfrHay:aygufvmygvdrhfOD;r,f? oHk;oyfcsufwckuawmh tar&duef[m au;+rDrsm;ukd jyefqyfEi dk r f ,fh pGr;f tm; r&Sa d wmhwt hJ jyif 2 ygwt D =um; tusKd ;pD;yGm;vk,ufra _ wGu urBmp h ;D yGm;a&;ukd wefz;kd aiGtjzpfe@J jyefay;qGw J m vkyv f mygvr d O hf ;D r,f? 'Dvy k & f yfu urBmvH;k qki d& f m pD;yGm;a&; r+idrfroufjzpfr_awG t}uD;tus,f xyfqifhwdk;vmygvdrfhOD;r,fvkd@ qkdygw,f? (9) ql'ef awmif ajrmuf uGo J m G ;jcif;? ? 2011 azazmf0g&D 7 &ufae@u ql'efawmifyi dk ;f trsm;jynfow l @kd &@J rJqENt& tmz&du&J@ t}uD;qH;k Eki di f jH zpfwhJ ql'ef[m 2 Eki di ft H jzpf uGo J m G ;cJw h ,f? ql'ef[m tm&yfurBmeJ@ tmz&du wku d }f uD;&J@ qufpyfaewJh ae&mrSm wnf&a dS ew,f? ajrmufyi dk ;f rSm t"dutm;jzifh tpPvrfbmomukd ouf0if,Hk=unfwJh tm&yfawG aexkdif=u+yD; awmifykdif;rSm c&pf ,mefbmomukd ouf0if,=kH unfwhJ tmz&du e,fpe G e f ,fzsm;u vlrnf;rsm; aexki d =f uw,f? orki d ;f rSm awmifykdif;eJ@ ajrmufykdif;wkd@[m trsdK;om;a&;/ bmoma&;/ pD;yGm;a&;pwJh ta=umif;&if;awGa=umifh 72

jynfwi G ;f ppf 2 }udra f wmif jzpfym G ;cJ& h mu cGx J u G a f &;rsKd ;aphudk csc=hJ uwm jzpfw,f? oD;jcm; pDcx JG u G +f yD;aemuf tmz&du&J@ vljzLvlrnf;pnf;a=umif;[m ydkxif&Sm;vmw,f? tJ'Dtcsdefup+yD; ajrmufykdif;ql'efu tm&yfurBmeJ@ waygif;wpnf; wnf; qufpyfom G ;+yD; awmifyi dk ;f ql'efuawmh tmz&du vlrnf;rsm;&J@ &ifci Gx f J jyefvnfa&muf&o dS m G ;cJ& h w,f? tmz&d u&J@ 0daoovuQ%m t&SdqHk;EkdifiHqdkwJh 'D*k%fowif;[m tJ'Dtcsdefup+yD; arS;rSdefysufjy,foGm; awmhw,f? ql'ef awmifajrmuf 2 zuf +idr;f csr;f pGm vufwjJG zKwfcJ=h uayr,fh cGx J u G +f yD;wJa h emuf 2 Eki di ft H =um; a&t&if; tjrpfca JG 0a&;/ a&eHwify@dk a&;/ e,fer d w d c f jJG cm;owfrw S a f &;pwJh uki dw f , G & f cufwhJ jy\emawGe@J &ifqi kd a f e&qJjzpfw,f? b,fvkd tao;tzGJudpPav; wckck jzpfjzpf/ pDrHcef@cGJr_ rqDavsmf&if 2 zuf qufqHa&; wif;rmr_ jzpfoGm;EkdifapHkru tajctae rwnfr+idrfjzpfay:apEkdifygw,f? (10) aemfa0 tvpftikduf t=urf;zufwkdufckdufr_? ? 2011 Zlvkdif 22 &ufae@u aemfa0rSm vuf,mtpGef; a&muf*% dk ;f om;rsm;&J@ qufwu dk t f vpftidu fk f t=urf;zufwu dk r f _ 2 r_ jzpfay:cJw h ,f? vl 100 ausmf aoa=u'%f&m&cJv h @dk wurBmvH;k wkev f y _ t f t hH m;oifh oGm;cJ& h w,f? aemfa0[m pD;yGm;a&; zG@H +zdK;+yD; Eki di f H jzpfw,f? vlrz _ v l a kH &;pepf jynfp h kH aumif;rGef vkd@ urBmay:rSm vHk+cHKpdwftcs&qHk; EkdifiHwEkdifiH tjzpf owif;ar$;cJhwJhEkdifiH jzpfw,f? 'gayrJh avmavm q,fq,f ESpr f sm;twGi;f jyifyrS a&$@ajymif;vmol trsm;tjym; pD;0ifvmvk@d aemfa0&J@ pD;yGm;a&;zG@H +zdK;wk;d wufre _ @J vlr_ a&; pepfwkd@tay: wpHkw&m *,ufkdufcwfr_cH&ygw,f? aemfa0a'ocH EkdifiHolEkdifiHom;wcsdK@u jyifyrS a&$@ajymif;vm olrsm; zGH@+zdK;wkd;wufr_&J@ toD; tyGifhrsm;ukd twlwuG cHpm;&&Sdaer_tay: rvdkvm;r_awG jzpfay:=uygw,f? 'ghtjyif a&$@ajymif;vmolawG[m t"du vlra _ &; a&pD;a=umif;eJ@ raygi;f pyfEi dk =f ubJ aemfa0,Ofaus;r_e@J ajzmifa h jzmif}h uD; qef@usif aejyefw,f? bmaiGa=u; tusyt f wnf; usa&mufaer_atmufrm S Eki di fa H wmftpk;d &u vlrz _ v l a kH &; toH;k p&dwr f sm;ukd av#mhcsvkdufwma=umifh jynfolvlxk&J@ aexkdifr_b0 tqifhtwef; usqif;oGm;apcJhw,f? 'Dvkd ta=umif;&if;awGu jynfyrS a&$@ajymif; vmolrsm;ukd qef@usifwJh tpGef;a&mufvuf,mtawG;tac: a&pD;a=umif; aemfa0jynfwGif;rSm tHkuvmapw,f? 'Dvkd tajctaeawG[m Oa&myrSmvnf; tus,ftjyef@ wnf&Sdaew,f? jyifopf/ +Adwdef/ *smreD/ zifvefpwJh EkdifiHtm;vHk;rSm rwlwJhtwkdif;twmt& vuf,mtpGef;a&muf tiftm;pkawG &Sdaew,f? aemfa0 tvpftikduf t=urf;zuf wkdufckdufr_&J@ tay:,Htm;jzifh azmfjyr_uawmh tpGef;a&mufvuf,mtiftm;pkawGu a&$@ajymif;jynfolawG tHkuvSdrfhwuf pD;0ifvmr_tay: tpGef;a&muf &ef+idK;xm;r_jzpfygw,f? 'gayrJh wu,fhtESpf om&uawmh Oa&myvl@tzG@J tpnf;yHp k a H [mif;&J@ jzpfysua f jymif;vJra _ tmufrm S vlawG[m pD;yGm;a&; qkwf ,kwy f sujf ym;r_/ vl@tzG@J tpnf;twGi;f rr#rw jzpfaer_/ vlrz _ v l a kH &; toH;k p&dwf av#mc h s vku d r f p _ wJh vl@tzG@J tpnf;tajctaetay: rausreyfjzpfae=uw,f? 'DtajctaeatmufrSm Oa&myvuf,mtiftm;pkawG&J@ rauseyfpdwfawGu tcsdeftcgeJ@ avsmfnDpGm tvpftikduf t=urf;zufwkdufckdufr_udk ay:aygufvmapcJhwmjzpfygw,f? ukd;um;? ? rsufarSmufurBm wvw}udrfxkwf *sme,f/ 2012 Zefe0g&Dvxkwf?

pdr;f jrjr0ki d ;f

rwfv 1/ 2012?

73

ta&S@ar#mv f mwJh 0g&i Sw f ef

Eki di fw H umha&;&m

&Jabmf&, _ Of

2011 Ekd0ifbm 12-13 &ufawGrSm tar&duefu 19 }udrfajrmuf atyufpD;yGm;a&;qkdif&m xdyfoD;pnf;a0;yGJukd [m0kdif,Du|ef;u [kdEkdvlvlrSm usif;ycJhygw,f? (orRwtkdbm;rm;ukd *k%fjyKwJhtaeeJ@ olarG;zGm;&m a'orSm jyK vkyfwmyg?) 'D atyuftzGJ@rSm tzGJ@0iftjzpf 21 OD;yg0if+yD; tm&Sypdzdwfa'owGif; pD;yGm;a&;wkd;wufzkd@ yl;aygif; aqmif&u G z f @dk / ukeo f , G a f &;eJ@ &if;ES;D jrKyfEa HS &;awG wk;d jriz hf @dk udpa P wGudk pkaygi;f aqG;aEG;=uygw,f? 'DxdyfoD;aqG;aEG;yGJ&J@ &nf&G,fcsufuawmh jypfrsdK;rSnfhrxifwJh a'opD;yGm;a&;w&yf wnfaqmufa&; jzpfygw,f? t"du acgi;f pOfu 3 ckyg? (1) a'oqki d& f m pD;yGm;a&; yl;aygi;f r_udk tm;jznfa h &;eJ@ ukeo f , G a f &;wk;d jriz hf @kd (2) tpdr;f a&mif zG@H +zdK;wd;k wufr_ jriw hf ifz@kd e@J (3) yHr k e S u f swhJ yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G a f &;awGudk wd;k cs@J z@dk e@J ykr H e S u f swhJ yl;aygi;f r_rsm;ukd wkd;jrifhzdk@ jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh 'DxdyfoD;aqG;aEG;yGJukd tar&duefu ar#mfvifhcsuf }uD;rm;pGmeJ@ tcsdef=umjrifhpGmuyJ jyifqif vmcJhwmyg? tdkbm;rm;ukd,fwkdifuvnf; t"duZmwfaumiftjzpf yg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJhygw,f? bmjzpfvkd@rsm; tar&duefu 'DaqG;aEG;yGJukd 'Davmufta&;w,lvkyfae&wmvJ? 1993 ckESpf qDwJvfrSm vkyc fw hJ hJ 5 }udra f jrmuf atyuftpnf;ta0;+yD;uwnf;u tckrS yxrqH;k t}udrf jyefvnfusi;f ycGi& hf cJw h hJ tpnf; ta0;jzpfaewmuwa=umif;/ 'Dxufykd ta&;}uD;wJhta=umif;uawmh tar&dueftpkd;&twGuf 'DxdyfoD; tpnf;ta0;[m ykdrkdxl;jcm;wJh ta&;ygr_ &Sdaevkd@yg? 2008 pufwifbmrSm pwifcJhwJh urBmhbma&;tusyftwnf;}uD; 3 ESpfausmfvmayr,fh tar&duef taeeJ@ 'D*,ufu vGwa f jrmufz@dk rvG,a f o;bl;? tar&duefp;D yGm;a&;[m wH@k qi dk ;f +rJw@kH qi dk ;f aeao;+yD; wk;d wufr_ E_ef;uvnf; tm;enf;aeum tvkyfvufrJhE_ef;u 9 &mckdifE_ef;ausmfaeygw,f? tpkd;&au;eJ@ bma&;vkdaiGjyr_ uvnf; wk;d jrifa h eqJyJ &Sy d gw,f? 'ga=umifh pD;yGm;a&;tm;aumif;armif;oef jyefjzpfvmzk@d [m tdb k m;rm;&J@ t"du xdyfwef;OD;pm;ay;yg? 'Dwm0efukd olatmifjrifpGm xrf;Ekdifrxrf;Ekdifr_[m 2012 rSm usif;yawmhr,fh orRwa&G; aumufyGJrSm ol&J@EkdifiHa&;oufwrf;ukd wkdufkdufqHk;jzwfygvdrfhr,f? 'Daemufcr H m S tar&duef[m wjcm;Eki di fa H wGe@J pD;yGm;a&;vrf;a=umif;rsm; ydr k y dk i Gv hf mzk@d txl;*kjyKvmygw,f? 'Dae&mrSm t"dujypfrSwfuawmh urBmay:rSm t&Sdeft[kefjrifhrm;pGmeJ@ wkd;wufaewJh tm&S-ypdzdwfa'o jzpfvmygawmhw,f? avmavmq,fumvrSm atyufEkdifiHrsm;&J@ pD;yGm;a&;udef;*%ef;rsm;ukd =unfh&atmifyg? 1? atyufp;D yGm;a&; yrm%[m urBmu h e k o f , G a f &;&J@ 43 &mcki dE f e _ ;f 2? atyufp;D yGm;a&; yrm%[m urBmh GDP &J@ 55 &mcki dE f e _ ;f 3? atyufaps;uGuf vlO;D a& 2 '\r 7 bDv, D H 4? atyufo@dk wifoi G ;f wJh tar&duefy@dk ue k f (yk@d ue k t f pkp& k @J ) 58 &mcki dE f e _ ;f 5? 'gt h jyif tar&duef&@J t}uD;qH;k ukeo f , G b f uf 15 OD;teuf 7 OD;rSm atyuftzG@J 0ifjzpfaejcif; 'gawGa=umifh tar&dueftaeeJ@ 'DatyufxdyfoD;aqG;aEG;yGJuae ol&J@ aoe*FAsL[m vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd trsm;qHk; taumiftxnfazmfEkdifzdk@ }udK;pm;wmygyJ? r=umrDuyJ tar&duef EkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; uvifwef[m 'DaqG;aEG;yGJukd a&mif;tm;aumif;a&; twGujf riw hf ifa&; (a&mif;tm;jriw hf ifa&;) promotion awG vkya f e&mrSm tck &Sa d ewJh 21 &mpk[m tar&duef&@J ypdzw d f &mpkEp S f jzpfw,fqw dk hJ ajymqkr d a _ wGudk aqmif;yg;awG/ rde@f ce G ;f awGrm S a&;om;ajymqka d ewmawG awG@&ygw,f? 74

tar&dueftaeeJ@ 'DaqG;aEG;yGu J dk tav;xm;&wJh aemufwa=umif;vnf; &Sy d gao;w,f? tJ'guawmh 'DaqG;aEG;yGJ rSm tm&S-ypdzw d a f 'owGi;f vGwv f yfwhJ ukeo f , G a f &;aps;uGuw f nfaxmifa&;twGuf }udK;pm;zk@d y? J 'gro S m t&Se d t f [kef &aewJh ta&S@tm&S (atqD,H 10 EkdifiHeJ@ *syef/ wkwf/ awmifukd;&D;,m; 3 EkdifiH 10 3) a'oqkdif&m yl;aygif; aqmif&u G a f &;ukd cse d c fi Gv f #m !E di kd r f m S jzpfygw,f? 'Dta&S@tm&S a'oqki d& f m yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G a f &;awGrm S tar&duef[m ab;a&mufwmtjzpfrcHEi dk v f @kd bJ 'Datyuf aqG;aEG;yGt J +yD; usi;f ywJh bmvDaqG;aEG;yGJ (Ek0 d ifbm 19 &uf) ukd tkb d m;rm; wufa&mufcJhygw,f? 'g[m tar&dueforRwtaeeJ@ yxrqHk; wufa&mufcJhwmyg? 'gawGtm;vH;k [m tar&duef&@J aoe*FAsL[mjzpfwhJ tm&So@dk jyefvmjcif;qdw k meJ@tnD taumiftxnfazmf wmom jzpfygw,f? 'gawG[m pD;yGm;a&;bufrSmomru vHk+cHKa&;bufrSmyg awG@vm&ygw,f? tdb k m;rm;[m atyufnv D mcHt+yD; =opa=w;vso@dk oGm;cJ+h yD; vGec fw hJ hJ ESpf 60 (uk;d &D;,m;ppfyu JG mv) u zG@J pnf;cJhwJh ppfr[mrdwftzGJ@ (tar&duef/ =opa=w;vs/ e,l;ZDvefwdk@yg0ifwJh tef;Zyf ANZUS) ukd jyeftoufoGif;+yD; =opa=w;vs ajrmufykdif;rSm tar&duefppfom;awG ykd@v$wfwyfpGJr,fhta=umif;a=unmcJhygw,f? (,cktcg =opa=w;vs 'g0ifqdyfurf;rSm wyfpGJxm;aeyg+yD-pmwnf;tzGJ@) 'gawGtm;vHk;[m tm&S-ypdzdwfa'otwGif; tar&duef&J@ aoe*FAsL[m =oZmtm%m jzef@usufr_uGef,uf wkd;jrifha&;twGuf yHkazmfvkyfaqmifaewmom jzpfygw,f? 'gghtjyif 'g[m 0g&Sifwef&J@ urBmvHk;qkdif&m aoe*FAsL[m xdef;!dr_ajcvSrf;awGudkvnf; jyoaeygw,f? wu,fawmh tar&dueftaeeJ@ bma&;tusyt f wnf;vGeu f mvtwGi;f jynfwi G ;f jynfy tajymif;tvJrsm;eJ@ uku d n f z D @dk ol&@J Eki di f jH cm;a&;AsL[mawGrm S t"duajymif;vJr_ (ta&$@tajymif;) }uD; 2 ck azmfaqmifaeygw,f? yxruawmh tar&duefEi dk i ft H aeeJ@ ol@&@J Ei dk i f jH cm;a&;ay:vpDudk Eki di fa H wmfv+kH cHKa&;uae pD;yGm;a&;ok@d OD;wnfvu dk f wmygyJ? tar&duef&J@ pD;yGm;a&;jyefvnf OD;armhvmzkd@ xGufukefawG wkd;jrifhzdk@eJ@ tvkyftukdifrsm;ay:xGufvmzkd@twGuf tultnDjzpfapr,fh oHcif;wrefcif;vkyfief;rsm; ta&;ay;vmygw,f? pD;yGm;a&;wkd;wufa&;[m oefrmwJh oHcif; wrefcif; qufqHa&;ay: rSDwnf+yD; oHcif;wrefcif;wkd;wufa&;[mvnf; oefrmwJhpD;yGm;a&;qufqHr_rsm;tay: rlwnf w,f vk@d rpPpu f vifwefu qky d gw,f? 'gt h jyif tar&duef&@J tusKd ;pD;yGm;twGuf ypfrw S [ f m tm&Sypdzw d a f 'otwGi;f ukefoG,fa&;eJ@ pD;yGm;a&; yGifhvif;vma&;tay: ykdrkdtmHkpkduf&ygvdrfhr,f? 2015 ckrSm xGufukef 2q wkd;vma&;qkdwJh orRw tkb d m;rm;&J@ &nfre S ;f csut f wGuf u|er f wk@d wawG }udK;pm;tm;xkw& f mrSm tm&Sa'orSm pD;yGm;a&;awG ykr d r dk sm;jym; pGm vkyfaqmifEkdifr,fh tcGifhaumif;awGtm;vHk;ukd &Sm}uH&ygvdrfhr,fvkd@vnf; olu qkdxm;ygao;w,f? (2010 ckESpfu ypdzdwfywfvnf0ef;usif (ypdzdwf&yf0ef;a'o) okd@ wifykd@cJhwJh tar&duefxGufukefwefzkd;[m tar&duefa':vm 320 bDv, D & H +dS yD; tar&dueftwGuf tvkyt f uki da f ygi;f 8 ode;f cGu J dk axmufya hH y;Eki dc fy hJ gw,f?) 'kwd,tcsufuawmh tar&dueftaeeJ@ ol&J@ yx0DEkdifiHa&;csdefrSwfukd ta&S@tv,fykdif ( taemuftm&SeJ@ awmiftm&Styg) uae t&Se d jf yif;pGm v_y& f m S ;wufuaewJh tm&Sypdzw d a f 'oukd a&$@ajymif;zk@d }udK;pm;vmwmyg? 'Da'orSm ukefoG,fa&;omru (ol@&J@ tompD;&aewJh ppfa&;tultnDeJ@) vHk+cHKa&;udpPrsm;/ a&a=umif;oGm;vma&;udpPrsm;rSmyg 0ifa&muf OD;aqmifvkyfaqmifrSm jzpfygw,f? 'Dvkdenf;eJ@ tar&dueftaeeJ@ tm&S-ypdzdwfa'orSm OD;aqmifr_tcef; jyef&,l+yD;/ ol@pD;yGm;a&;ukdvnf; u,fwifEkdifvdrfhr,fvdk@ wGufcsufxm;ygw,f? tar&duef&J@ EkdifiHjcm;a&;rl0g' 'DwcsDtajymif;tvJeJ@ wkwf&J@ ta&S@tm&Sa'oqdkif&m yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_ aoe*FAsL[m ajcvSr;f pwJh tiftm;}uD; Eki di f H 2 ck&@J t+ydKiftqki d f }udK;yrf;r_rsm;u a'owGi;f Eki di fi H ,fuav;rsm;twGuf toHk;cswwf&if toHk;cswwfoavmuf tusdK;&SdapEdkifygw,f? 'gawGa=umify h J OD;ode;f pdet f pk;d &taeeJ@ toufL S ayguf acsmifom G ;&wmjzpfygw,f? xk@d twl jynfo@l bufawmf om;rsm;/ 'Drkdua&pDbufawmfom;rsm;taeeJ@vnf; &&SdvmwJh tcGif@aumif;rsm;ukd vufrv$wfpwrf;qkyfukdif+yD; rdrdwkd@twGuf tusdK;&Sd&m &Sda=umif;/ rdrdwkd@&ykdifcGifhrsm;ukd tqifh&SdpGm/ 'Drkdua&pDukd wkd;csJ@/ awmif;qkdwkdufyGJ0ifoGm;=u &ygvdrfhr,f? ta&S@tm&S wacwfqef;vmcsdefrSm tppt&m&m acwfaemufus usefaecJhwJh Armjynf}uD;eJ@ qif;&JEGrf;yg;+rJ EGrf;yg;ae&wJh Armjynfolvlxk}uD;twGuf tcGifhaumif;awG ay:xGufvmygap? tJ'DtcGifhaumif;awGukd EkdifiHa&;acgif; aqmifawG/ EkdifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf;awG qkyfukdifEkdifygapvkd@ ar#mfvifh&ygawmhw,f?

&Jabmf&, _ Of
75
4-12-2011?

rmhufpf vDeif0g' avhvma&;

ode;f armf

&k&Sm;qkd&s,f'Drkdu&ufwpf tvkyform;ygwD. vkyfief;pOf=urf; (Avm'DrD,m tdvd,pfcsfvDeif) (bmomjyefol&J@rSwfcsuf? ? 1902 ckEp S r f m S 'Dr=l urf;ukd vDeif wnf;jzwftwnfjyKcJw h ,fqw dk hJ tcsuu f dk owdjyKapcsifygw,f? tJ'Dumvwkef;u &k&Sm; qkd&S,f'Drkdu&ufwpf tvkyform;ygwDukd &k&Sm;uGefjrLepfygwDtjzpf emrnf rajymif;&ao;ygbl;? 'ghtjyif ygwD[m "e&Sif'Drkdua&pDawmfvSefa&;umvukd tcsdef,l jzwfoef;&OD;r,f vkd@ cef@rSef;+yD; 'Dvkyfief;pOfukd csrSwfcJhwm jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh "e&Sif'Drkdua&pDawmfvSefa&;umvtwGuf ypPnf; rJhygwDwck&J@ vkyfief;pOfrl=urf;vkd@ qkdEkdifr,f xifygw,f?) tyk d i f ; (u) 1 k&Sm;EkdifiHwGif a&mif;ukefxkwfvkyfr_onf r}uHKpzl; jrefjrefqefqef wkd;wufaeum t&if;&Sifukefxkwfvkyfr_ enf; vrf;onf xkda&mif;ukefxkwfvkyfr_uukd wpxufwp wkd;jrifhpkd;rkd;vmaeonf? 2 tao;pm;ukefxkwfvkyfief;rSm enf;ynmwkd;wufr_a=umifh t}uD;pm;ukefxkwfvkyfief;rsm;. 0g;rsdK+zdKcsr_ukd r}uHK pzl;aom yrm%twkdif;twmrsdK;jzifh cHae&onf? ukefxkwf,E&m;rsm;(ajr,m/ pufHk/ pufypPnf;ud&d,m wefqmyvm/ rD;&xm;vrf;ESifh tjcm;ykd@aqmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;) wkd@. ta&;}uD;qHk;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;rSm vufwqkyfpm ta&twGuf&Sd/ t&if;&Sifrsm;ESifh t}uD;pm; ajr&Sif}uD;rsm;vuf0,f yk*~vduykdifypPnf;rsm;tjzpf pkpnf;a&muf&Sdukef=u+yDjzpfonf? vGwfvyfaom tao;pm; ukefxkwfolrsm;(v,form;/ vufr_vkyfief;ESifh kd;&m xkwfukefvkyfief;rsm;)teuf ta&twGuf tajrmuftjrm;rSm vkyfief;ysufpD;vm=uouJhokd@ olwkd@.ukefxkwf ,E&m;rsm;ukdvnf; vufvGwfqHk;_H;=u&ojzifh xdkolrsm;rSm ypPnf;rJhrsm;jzpfvm=uonf? wenf;qkdaomf t&if;. aus;u|efESifh tpG,ftyGm;rsm; jzpfvm=uavonf? xkd wkd;yGm;vmaom tvkyform;xk trsm;pk}uD;rSm olwkd@. tvkyfpGrf;tm;ukd rv$Jra&Smifom a&mif;pm;=u&aom vufcpm;tvkyform;rsm;jzpfvm=uonf? xkdvufcpm; tvkyo f rm;rsm;onf OpPm"eyki dq f i dk o f r l sm;tay:wGif rSc Da dk e&+yD; olw@dk rc DS a dk e&onfh xkO d pPm&Siw f @dk twGuf "eOpPmukd olwkd@vkyftm;jzifh zefwD;ay;=u&avonf? 3 enf;ynmwkd;wufxGef;um;vmonfESifhtr# vkyftm;0,fvkdtm;rSmvnf; vkyftm;a&mif;vkdtm;&Sdoavmuf r&SdawmhbJ ,kwfavsmhvmonfhtwGuf t&if;&Sifwkd@twGuf tvkyform;rsm;ukd aoG;pkyfjc,fvS,fEkdifaom tcGit hf vrf;rSm ykI d ykI d wk;d yGm; rsm;jym;vmavonf? tvkyt f mrcHcsu/f b0tmrcHcsuf r&Sa d wmhjcif;/ aoG;pkyr f 0 _ efudk 76

xrf;ykd;xm;&jcif;/ trsdK;rsdK;aom csdK;ESdrfqufqHr_ukd cH&jcif;rsm;onf tvkyform;xk}uD;. yrm%trsm;tjym;tay:wGif usa&mufae+yDjzpfayonf? 4 t&if;&Sip f epf. tajccHydyuQrsm;rS xGua f y:vmaom a&Smifvr J$ &Eki dr f nfh tusKd ;qufrsm;jzpfonfh pD;yGm;qkwf uyfrsm;u txufyg vkyfom;xk.jzpfpOfukd ydkrkd qkd;0g;apjyefonf? vlxk}uD;. qif;&JrGJawr_ESifh zGwfausmjympk tjzpfwkd@rSm xkwfukefrsm;twGuf aps;uGu& f m S r&aoma=umifh ukep f nfvy k t f m;rsm; avvGijhf yKef;wD; tcsn;f tES;D jzpf&jcif;wk@d Ei S hf w+ydKifwnf;,SOw f JG jzpfay:aeygonf? 5 {&mryrm%txd wk d ; wuf } uD ; yG m ;vmaom vl r _ a &;vuQ % maqmif a om vk y f t m;(vl r _ a &;vuQ % maqmif o xuf aqmifvmaeygonf) wkd@. ukefxkwfpGrf;tm;pkrSm rajymyavmufatmifenf;aom vufwqkyfpm vlenf;pku vuf0g; }uD ; tk y f a cgif ; yH k j zwf j cif ; uk d cH a e&ygonf ? vl r _ " eOpP m wk d @ yG m ;rsm;vmonf E S i f h t r# vl r _ a &;rr#wr_ r S m vnf ; wk d ; wuf yG m ;rsm;vmygonf ? "e&S i f v l w ef ; pm;ES i f h ypP n f ; rJ h v l w ef ; pm;t=um; qif ; &J c srf ; om acsmuf u rf ; yg;rS m wae@wjcm; [oxuf[vmygonf? tyk d i f ; (c) 6 t&if;&Sip f epf. uk, d w f i G ;f yg ra&Smifrv$o J maom ydyuQrsm; wk;d wufym G ;rsm;vmonfEi Sw hf +ydKifeuf/ ypPn;f rJw h @dk . ta&twGuE f i S hf aoG;pnf;cki dr f mr_/ ypPn;f rJw h @dk . rauseyfr/_ ypPn;f rJw h @dk . *k%o f u d m Q csKd ;ESr d a f pmfum;cH&r_w@dk rm S vnf; wk;d wufrsm;jym;vmaeygonf? tvkyo f rm;vlwef;pm;ESihf t&if;&Siv f w l ef;pm;t=um; vlwef;pm;wku d y f r JG m S vnf; ydjk yif;xefvmygonf? onf;cHEi dk z f , G & f mr&Sa d om t&if;&Sifxrf;ydk;udk cgcszkd@ wkdufwGef;r_rsm;rSmvnf; ydkrkdrsm;jym;vm ae+yDjzpfygonf? 7 tvkyform;wkd@. vGwfajrmufr_rSm tvkyform;vlwef;pm;ukd,fwkdif.aqmif&Gufcsufjzifhom &&SdEkdifygonf? ,ae@ acwf vl@tzGJ@tpnf;twGif;&Sd usef tjcm;aom vlwef;pm;tm;vHk;wkd@rSm vuf&SdpD;yGm;a&;pepf. tajccHtaqmuf ttHkukd xd e f ; od r f ; umuG , f a &;buf u om &yf w nf = uygonf ? tvk y f o rm;vl w ef ; pm;. ppf r S e f a om vG w f a jrmuf r _ uk d & &S d & ef vl r _ a wmf v S e f a &;w&yf vk d t yf y gonf ? xk d v l r _ a wmf v S e f a &;uk d t&if ; &S i f p epf . tvH k ; pH k a om zG H @ +zd K ;wk d ; wuf r _ u jyifqifzefwD;ay;xm;+yD; jzpfygonf? vlr_awmfvSefa&;}uD; qkdonfrSm ukefxkwf,E&m;rsm; yk*~vduykdifqkdifr_ukd zsufodrf; jcif;/ jynf o l y k d i f t oG i f a jymif ; vJ j cif ; / t&if ; &S i f a&mif ; uk e f x k w f v k y f r _ pepf a e&mwG i f vl @ tzG J @ tpnf ; twG i f ; &S d tzG J @ 0if r sm;. oufomacsmifcsda&;ESifh b0wkd;wufjrifhrm;a&;ukd tmrcHonfh &nf&G,fcsufrsm;jzifh ukefxkwfvkyfaom vl@tzGJ@tpnf; rsm;jzifh tpm;xkd;oGm;jcif;rsm;ukd jyKvkyfaqmif&Gufonfh awmfvSefa&;}uD;ukd qdkvkdygonf? 8 ,if;ypPnf;rJhawmfvSefa&;onf vl@tzGJ@tpnf;twGif; vlwef;pm;uGJjym;r_ukd vHk;0zsufodrf;ypfrnfjzpfygonf? vl wef;pm; yaysmufoGm;v#if xkdvlwef;pm;uGJjym;r_ukd ta=umif;jyKay:xGufvmonfh vlr_a&;rr#wr_ EkdifiHa&;rr#w r_tm;vHk;ukdvnf; zsufodrf;+yD;jzpfayvdrfhrnf? 9 vlr_awmfvSefa&;}uD;txajrmuf&efrSm ypPnf;rJhrsm; EkdifiHa&;tm%m&&Sdzkd@ vkdygonf? xkdokd@&&Sdaom ypPnf;rJhrsm;onf tajctaet&yf&yf. t&Sifocifrsm;jzpfvm+yD; olwkd@. }uD;us,faom &nfrSef;csufyef;wkdifokd@oGm;&m vrf;wav#muf&Sd t[ef@twm;rsm;ukd ausmv f m $ ;z,f&m S ;Eki dy f gvr d r hf nf? xk@d a=umifh vlra _ wmfve S a f &;}uD; qifE& J$ eftvk@d im S ypPn;f rJt h m %m&Sip f epfrm S rjzpfrae vkt d yfaom t&mjzpfygonf? 10 tvkyform;rsm;. tusdK;pD;yGm;ESifh t&if;&Sifvlwef;pm;. tusdK;pD;yGm;wkd@rSm aphpyf!dE_dif;Ir&aom &efbufvuQ%m aqmifa=umif; zGifhcsazmfxkwfaom wm0efukd k&Sm;qkd&S,f'Drkdua&pDu aqmif&Gufrnf? ypPnf;rJhvlwef;pm;. orkdif;a&;t& xl;jcm;aomvuQ%m/ ypPnf;rJhvlwef;pm;. oabmobm0/ ypPnf;rJhvlwef;pmonf olwkd@qifE$J&rnfh vlr_awmfvSefa&;}uD;. a&S@ajy;tjzpfay:xGufvmaom vlwef;pm;jzpfa=umif;/ ypPnf;rJhvlwef;pm;. awmfvSefa&;ygwDw&yf zGJ@pnf; wnfaxmif+yD;/ xkdygwDuom ypPnf;rJ@vlwef;pm;wkdufyGJukd vrf;!efOD;aqmifEkdifrnfjzpfa=umif;wkd@ukd k&Sm;qkd&S,f'Drkdu&ufwpfygwDu &Sif;vif;ajymjyoGm;rnf? 11 77

okd@aomf EkdifiHwumukefoG,fr_ESifh urBmhaps;uGuftwGuf ukefpnfxkwfvkyfr_onf zGH@+zdK;+yD; EkdifiHrsm;tm;vHk;ukd eD;eD;uyfuyf qufpyfcsnfaESmifxm;+yD;jzpfonf? xkd@a=umifh ,ae@acwf tvkyform;vlwef;pm; v_yf&Sm;r_onf EkdifiHwumv_yf&Sm;r_ jzpf & ayrnf ? ,cif u wnf ; u jzpf v nf ; jzpf c J h + yD ; +yD j zpf o nf ? xk d @ a=umif h k & S m ;qk d & S , f ' D r k d ua&pD o nf uk d , f urBmhypPnf;rJhwyfrawmf}uD;ESifh wqufwpyfwnf;[k oabmxm;+yD; EkdifiHwum qkd&S,f'Drkdua&pD. wpdwfwa'o[kvnf; oabmxm;ayonf? 12 k&m S ;qk& d , S ' f r D u dk a&pD. vufiif;&nfre S ;f csur f sm;ukr d l k&m S ;tajctaersm;tay: rlwnf+yD; jyKjyifom G ;rnf? k&m S ;tajctaersm; qkdonfrSm t&if;&SifrwkdifrD t}udKacwfvlwef;pm;rsm; k&Sm;wGiftrsm;tjym; &Sdaeao;aom tajctae/ ajru|efpepf &Sa d eao;aom tajctae/ ukex f w k p f r G ;f tm;pk zG@H +zdK;r_udk aESmifa h ES;apaom tajctae/ ypPn;f rJv h w l ef;pm;wku d y f JG jynfjh ynf0 h 0 ray:aygufEkdifatmif aemufjyefqGJxm;aom tajctae/ tvkyform; vlwef;pm;. vlaer_tqifhtwef; edrfhusaeaom tajctae/ oef ; aygif ; rsm;pG m aom v,f o rm;rsm;rS m aotH h r l ; rl ; r# qk d ; 0g;vS a tmif jyKvk y f c H x m;&onf h tm&S y H k p H &ufpuf=urf;=uKwfaom ajr&Sifpepf tajctae/ vlxkw&yfvHk;udk vspfvsL_ ypfy,fxm;+yD; vlxk. tcGifhta&;rSefor# jiif;y,fcHxm;&aom tajctaersm;yif jzpfygonf? 13 Zmbk&if oufOD;qHykdifpepfonf ajru|efpepf tuif;tusef. taumif;qHk;pHerlemjzpf+yD;/ &ufpuf=urf;=uKwf r_wumwGif a=umufp&mtaumif;qH;k vnf; jzpfygonf? Zmpepfonf ypPn;f rJv h w l ef;pm; vGwa f jrmufa&; v_y& f m S ;r_Ei S hf jynfow l &yfv;kH . ,Ofaus;r_zGH@+zdK;r_twGuf tcg;oD;qHk;ESifh tE&m,ft}uD;qHk; &efolvnf;jzpf ayonf? tyk d i f ; (*) xkt d a=umif;rsm;a=umifh k&m S ;qk& d , S ' f r D u dk &ufwpf tvkyo f rm;ygw. D tOD;qH;k Eki di fa H &;wm0efrm S Zmbk&ifoufO;D qHyi dk p f epfukd jzKwfcsI atmufygtcGifhta&;wdk@ukd tmrcHaom 'Drkdua&pD tajccHOya'ESifhtnD xlaxmifxm;onfh orRwEkdifiHjzifh tpm;xkd;oGm;a&;jzpfonf? u vlx. k tcsKyftjcmtm%myki dr f ? _ qkv d o dk nfrm S vlxu k dk uk, d p f m;vS,r f sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;xm;aom Oya'jyKv$wf awmf. vuf0,f EkdifiHawmftcsKyftjcmtm%mukd pkpnf;xm;&Sd&rnf? c Oya'jyKv$wa f wmfa&m a'oqki d& f m tkyc f sKyfa&;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;twGuy f g oufqi dk o f nfh a&G;aumufyJG ESp& f yf pvH;k wGif touf 21 ESpfjynfh+yD;oltm;vHk; rJay;cGifh&+yD; tm;vHk;wef;wlnDr# wkdufkdufrJay;cGifh &&Sdap&rnf? a&G;aumufyGJtm;vHk;wGif v#d K @0S u f r J a y;pepf usif h o H k ; &rnf ? rJ a y;cG i f h & S d o l t m;vH k ; onf v$ w f a wmf t m;vH k ; wG i f ta&G ; cH c G i f h & S d & rnf ? jynfol@ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;onf vpmcHpm;cGifh&Sd&rnf? * Oya'rJh csKyfaESmifjcif;r&Sd&? ZmwdEkdifiHom; tcGifhta&;&&Sdap&rnf? C vGwfvyfpGm,Hk=unfcGifh/ vGwfvyfpGm ajymqkdcGifh/ vGwfvyfpGmyHkESdyfxkwfa0cGifh/ vGwfvyfpGm pka0;cGifh/ oydwf arSmufcGifh/ or*~zGJ@pnf;cGifhwkd@ukd uef@owfjcif; rjyK&? i vGwfvyfpGmoGm;vmcGifh/ vGwfvyfpGm vkyfukdifpm;aomufcGifh&Sd&rnf? p social-estates [kac:aom vlwef;pm;cGJjcm;zGJ@pnf;xm;onfh tzGJ@rsm;tm;vHk;ukd zsufodrf;&rnf? EkdifiH om;wkdif;ukd usm;r/ bmom/ vlrsKd ;rcGjJ cm;bJ tm;vH;k tjynft h 0 wef;wl tcGit hf a&; ay;&rnf? q jynfaxmifpkwGif yg0ifaom vlrsdK;rsm;tm;vHk;. ukd,fykdifjymef;cGifhukd todtrSwfjyK&rnf? Z Eki di fo H m;wki d ;f onf rnfonft h &m&Su d r kd qkd w&m;pGq J c dk i G& hf a dS p&rnf? xko d @dk w&m;rpGq J r dk D xkt d &m&S. d txuft&m&Sx d H wki d =f um;pm t&ifykd@&rnf[laom pnf;urf;owfrSwfcsufrsdK; rvkdtyfap&? 78

t+rJwrf;wyfrawmf xm;&Sdrnfhtpm; vlxkukd vufeufwyfqifay;&rnf? n tpkd;&ESifh bk&m;&Sdckd;ausmif; oD;jcm;cGJxm;&rnf? pmoifausmif;ESifh bk&Sd&Sdckd;ausmif; oD;jcm;cGJxm;&rnf? touf 16 ESpftxd vlwkdif;vlwkdif;tcrJh roifrae& ynma&;pepfowfrSwf&rnf? rjynfhpHkaom uav;rsm;tm; tpkd;&u tpm;taomuf/ t0wftpm;/ oifaxmufulypPnf;rsm; axmufyHhay;&rnf? tyk d i f ; (C) tvkyo f rm;vlwef;pm;ukd umuG,& f efEi S hf tvkyo f rm;vlwef;pm;. wku d y f p JG r G ;f &nfjriw hf ifEi dk & f eftvd@k im S atmufygtcsur f sm;ukd k&Sm;qkd&S,f'Drkdu&ufwpf tvkyform;ygwDu awmif;qkdonf? u? vkyfcpm;tvkyform;wkdif;. wae@tvkyfcsdefukd 8 em&Dxufrydkap&[k uef@owfay;&ef? c? trsdK;om;pD;yGm;a&;. utm;vHk;wGif tvkyfvkyfukdifaeolrSefor#ukd a,mufsm;/ rdef;r rcGJjcm;bJ wywfwGif 36 em&Dqufwkduf tvkyfvkyf+yD;v#if Oya't& tvkyfem;csdef/ tm;vyfcsdefowfrSwfay;&ef? *? tykt d vkyv f y k c f se d f (tkA d mwki d) f rSeo f r#udk Oya't& wm;jrpfyw d y f ifay;&ef? C? tvkyfoabmt& xl;jcm;aom rjzpfrae vkdtyfcsufrsdK;&Sdaom vkyfief;rsdK;rSty trsdK;om;pD;yGm;a&;. utm;vHk;&Sd usef vkyfief;rsm;wGif n 9 em&DrS reuf 5 em&Dtxd tvkyfvkyf&aom nqkdif;tvkyfrsm;ukd ckdif;apcGifhrjyKbJ wm;jrpf [ef@wm;&ef? i? touf 15 ESpx f ufi,faom uav;rsm;ukd tvkyc fi dk ;f jcif;rjyK&[k tvky& f i Sw f @dk udk wm;jrpf&ef? p? trsKd ;orD;wk@d . use;f rma&;ukd xdcu dk a f pEki da f om vkyi f ef;trsKd ;tpm;rsm;wGif trsKd ;orD;tvkyo f rm;rsm; tvkyr f vky& f [k wm;jrpfay;&ef? q? tvkyo f rm;rsm;wGif vH;k 0aomfvnf;aumif;/ wpdww f a'otm;jzifa h omfvnf;aumif;/ roefrpGr;f jzpfapEki do f nfh xdcu dk f '%f&m&r_rsdK;ukd rawmfwq tjzpftysufa=umifhjzpfap/ ab;Oy'ftE&m,f&Sdaom vkyfief;cGif tajctaea=umifhjzpfap jzpfym G ;cJv h #if tvky& f i Su f avsma f =u;ay;&ef wm0ef&a dS p&rnf[k Oya' jymef;ay;&ef? tvky& f i SY f wm0ef&a dS =umif; c|w, f i G ;f csuf&Sda=umif; tvkyform;bufu oufaojy&ef rvkdtyfap&? Z? oem;uk%mjzifhay;aom uk%ma=u;vkyfcrsdK;ukd wm;jrpf&ef? ps? tvkyfrvkyfukdifEkdifawmhaom ouf}uD;&G,ftkd tvkyform;rsm;ukd EkdifiHawmfyifpifay;&ef? n? pufHkppfaq;a&; t&m&Sdta&twGuf wkd;jrifhcef@xm;&ef? trsdK;orD; tvkyform; trsm;pk&Sdaom pufHk/ tvkyfHkwkd@ wGif trsdK;orD; vkyfief;ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sdrsm;xm;&Sday;&ef? pufHkpnf;rsOf; pnf;urf; rsm;onf Oya'ESifhtnDjzpfap&ef }uD;=uyfaomwm0efukd tvkyform;rsm;u a&G;cs,fxm;aom ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;u aqmif&Guf&efESifh xkdukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ukd tpk;d &u vpmay;&ef? ykwjf ywf vkyc f E_e;f ESihf tvky& f i S. f ty,fc& H aom tvkyw f @dk Ei Sy hf wfoufIvnf; ta&G;cHu, dk p f m;vS,f rsm;u }uD;=uyfppfaq;cGifh&Sd&ef? ? tvky& f i Sr f sm;u tvkyo f rm;rsm;ukd aexki dc fi Ga hf y;xm;aom tvkyo f rm;wef;vsm;rsm;wGif use;f rma&;ESihf nD!w G a f om oef@&Sif; oyf,yfr_&Sdap&ef ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'o tm%mykdif tzGJ@tpnf;ESifh a&G;cs,fcH tvkyform;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; twly;l aygi;f I }uD;=uyfap&ef? tjyif tvkyo f rm;wk@d . yk*v ~ u d uk, d a f &;uk, d w f m vGwv f yfci GE hf i S hf Eki di fo H m; tcGit hf a&;/ olw@dk . uk, d y fi dk f vlaer_b0ukd tvky& f i Su f 0ifa&mufpu G z f uf=oZmoufa&mufr_ rjyKEki da f pa&;twGuf tvkyo f rm; wef;vsm; rsm;ukd iSm;&rf;aexkdifr_ESifhqkdifaom pnf;urf;csufrsm;ukd Oya'ESifhtnD jzpfrjzpf ppfaq;EkdifcGifh&Sdap&ef? X? vkyfcpm; tvkyform;rsm; iSm;&rf;vkyfukdifaom vkyfief;rSefor#wGif tvkyf0ef;usiftajc taeonf usef;rma&;ESifh nDnGwfr_ &Sdap&eftwGuf oifhwifhavsmufywfpGm zGJ@pnf;xm;aom usef;rma&; ppfaq;onfhtzGJ@tpnf; xm;&Sd&ef? ? pufv kH y k i f ef; ppfaq;a&;aqmif&u G c f sur f sm;ukd rd;dk zvmvkyi f ef;/ tdrw f i G ;f r_vy k i f ef;/ vufr_ vkye f ;f / tpk;d &yki d f vkyi f ef;rsm;wGiy f g csJ@xGifaqmif&GufoGm;&ef? ? tvkyform;umuG,fa&; Oya'csdK;azmufr_rSefor#ukd tjypfay;Ekdifaom Oya'jymef;&ef? %? vkyc f vpmrSm tvky& f i Su f rnfonfjh zwfawmufrr _ sKd ;udr k S rjyKvky& f [k wm;jrpfay;&ef '%f a=u;ESihf y,ftvkyt f ygt0if rnfokd@aom &nf&G,fcsufESifh jzwfawmufr_rsdK;ukdrS rjyKvkyfap&? 79

w? tvkyform;rsm;. ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh tvkyf&Sifwkd@. ukd,fpm;vS,frsm; nDwlnDr# yg0if=uaom pufHk/ tvkyfHk w&m;Hk;rsm;ukd trsdK;om;pD;yGm;a&;utm;vHk;wGif wnfaxmif zGJ@pnf;ay;&ef? tyk d i f ; (i) tjyif k&Sm;EkdifiH pD;yGm;a&;ukd 'Drkdua&pDESifhtnD jzpfap&eftvkd@iSm oG,f0kdufaumufcHaom taumuf tcGer f e S o f r# y,fzsua f y;&efEi S hf 0ifaiGrsm;av tcGew f ;dk av aumufca H vjzpfaom 0ifaiGce G p f epfudk jymef;ay; &ef k&Sm;qkd&S,f'Drkdu&ufwpftvkyform;ygwDu awmif;qkdonf? ajr&Sifya'o&mZftuif;tusefrsm; yaysmufoGm;ap&ef ygwDu atmufygwkd@ukd aqmif&GufoGm;rnf? u? oD;pm;c/ ajrcGet f ygt0if/ v,form;rsm;udk tcGex f rf;vlwef;pm;tjzpf owfrw S a f y;aqmif apaom 0efaqmifr_rSefor# zsufodrf;a&;? c? v,form;vlwef;pm;. pkaygi;f wm0ef&r dS u _ dk y,fzsua f &;/ ajr,mukd vGwv f yfpm G aygiE f HS a&mif;csxc kc JG i Gu hf dk uef@owfwm;jrpfxm;aom Oya'rSefor# y,fzsufa&;? *? oD;pm;c/ ajrcGefyHkpHjzifh awmif;cHxm;r#ukd jyefvnfavsmfa=u;ay;a&;? oD;pm;c ajrcGeftjzpf odrf;,l xm;aom c&pf,mefomoemyki da f jr/ ya'o&mZfyi dk a f jrwk@d udk jyefay;a&;/ oD;pm;ccsxm; ol/ acs;aiG,x l m;ol ajryki d& f i S }f uD;rsm;/ rSL;rwfrsm;ukd txl;ajrcGeo f wfrw S p f nf;=uyfa&;? &&Sa d omtcGeu f dk txl; jynfo@l &efya kH iGtjzpf owfrSwfI aus;&Gmvl@tzGJ@tpnf;twGuf pkdufysdK;a&;ESifh y&[dwtusdK;udpPrsm;wGif oHk;pGJ&ef? C? atmufygudpPrsm; aqmif&Guf&ef v,form;aumfrwDrsm; wnfaxmifa&;? 1?ajru|efpepfzsufodrf;csdefwGif v,fom;wkd@xHrSm oD;pm;ctjzpf odrf;qnf;cHcJh&aom ykdifqkdifr_ vufv$Jajymif;cJhaom ajr,mrsm;ukd jyefvnfay;tyf&ef avsmfa=u;jyefvnfay;tyfa&; aqmif&Guf&ef? 2? taemufwkdif;a'o tl&,fESifh atmfvwkdif;wkd@tygt0if wjcm;a'owcsdK@wGif qufvufwnf &SdaeqJjzpfaom ajru|efykdifqkdifaom pepftuif;tusefwkd@ukd t+yD;tjywfzsufodrf;&ef? i? tvGer f sm;jym;aom iSm;crsm;ukd avsmc h sa&;ESihf ajru|ep f epfEi S hf qufpyfaom pmcsKyfoabmwlnr D r _ e S o f r# ysufjy,f a=umif; a=unma&;twGuf w&m;Hk;wkd@ukd tcGifhtm%mwkd;jrifhay;&ef? tyk d i f ; (p) k&m S ;qk& d , S ' f r D u dk &ufwpf tvkyo f rm;ygwo D nf . Eki di fa H &;ESihf pD;yGm;a&;qki d& f m vufiif;&nfre S ;f csur f sm;ukd &&Sd atmifjrifap&ef aqmif&Guf&mwGif k&Sm;EkdifiH. vuf&Sdvlr_/ EkdifiHa&;tm%mukd qef@usifzufjzpfaom awmfve S a f om v_y& f m S ;aqmif&u G r f r _ e S o f r#udk axmufct H m;ay;oGm;rnf? ok@d aomf tvkyo f rm; vlwef;pm; tm; xde;f ausmif; q&mvkya f om vky& f yfrsm;ukd vlrj_ y\emrsm;. tajzozG,f yHa k zmfajymqka d eaom tpD tpOfrSefor#ukd jywfjywfom;om; jyif;jyif;xefxef qef@usifoGm;rnf? rd r d w d k @ &nf r S e f ; xm;aom Ek d i f i H a &;ES i f h vl r _ a &;tajymif ; tvJ r sm; +yD ; jynf h p H k a tmif / wnf + id r f a tmif a&&SnfwnfwHhatmif taumiftxnfazmfEkdifa&;rSm oufOD;qHykdifya'o&mZfpepfukd +zdKzsuf+yD; vlxku vGwfvyfpGm a&G;cs,fwifajrmufxm;aom Oya' jyKv$wfawmfw&yfukd xlaxmifEkdifrSom jzpfEkdifrnf[m rdrdwkd@ k&Sm;qkd&S,f'Drkdu&ufwpf tvkyform;ygwDu ckdifckdifrmrm ,Hk=unfonf?

ode;f armf

pmrl & S i f r sm;ok d @ - 2008 tajccH O ya' wk d u f z suf a &;/ jynf o l @ tif t m;pk p nf ; a&; &nf r S e f ; csuf j zif h ta&;awmf y k H *sme,f twG u f pmrl r sm; zd w f a c:tyf y gw,f ? - ta&;awmf y k H *sme,f uk d awmf v S e f a &;umvwav#muf a&&S n f x k w f a 0oG m ;rS m jzpf y gw,f ? - aqmif ; yg;rsm;/ tEk y nmzef w D ; r_ t rsKd ; rsKd ; /eJ @ &opmay/ umwG e f ; rsm; ay;yk d @ Ek d i f y gw,f ? - aqmif ; yg;yg tcsuf t vuf r sm;uawmh ck d i f r mwd u szk d @ vk d y gw,f ? &nfnef;( Ref: ) zkd@ vkd&if twdtus azmfjyzkd@vnf; vkdygw,f? - pmrlay;ykd@&if swptbn@yahoo.com qkdwJh vdyfpmeJ@ ay;ykd@Ekdifygw,f? av;pm;pGmjzif h pmwnf;tzG@J

80

uGejf rLepf0g' v_y& f m S ;r_ ,cifqA dk , D ufjynfaxmifpk a'o&J@ vuf&Sdumv uGejf rLepfvy _& f m S ;r_rsm; (tyki d ;f 2)

cifat;=unfjr

+yD;cJw h hJ ta&;awmfy* kH sme,f trSwf 7 rSm txufyg acgi;f pnf;eJ@ aqmif;yg;ukd azmfjycJy h gw,f? tJ'v D dk azmfjy&mrSm k&m S ;zuf'a&;&Si;f uGejf rLepfygw& D @J ta=umif;ukd aemufwywf ta&;awmf yH* k sme,frm S qufvufazmfjyygr h ,fv@dk tqH;k owfxm;cJ& h w,f? 'gudk ,ck qufvufwifjy oGm;ygr h ,f? (1) k & S m ;zuf ' a&;&S i f ; uG e f j rLepf y gwD & J @ vuf i if ; tajctae k&m S ;zuf'a&;&Si;f uGejf rLepfygw[ D m qkA d, D ufjynfaxmifpk +ydKuGo J m G ;+yD;aemuf ay:xGuf vmwJh tJ'a D 'o&Sd uG e f j rLepf y gwD t m;vH k ; eJ @ eD ; eD ; uyf u yf yl ; aygif ; aqmif & G u f a ew,f ? uG e f j rLepf y gwD r sm; r[mrd w f t zG J @ (qkdAD,ufuGefjrLepfygwD) qkdwmukd zGJ@pnf;xm;+yD; ygwDtoD;oD;&J@ v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;ukd nDnmzszsjzpfatmif xdef;!dvkyfaqmifay;aew,f? tJ'DuGefjrLepfrsm; r[mrdwftzGJ@rSm k&Sm;zuf'a&;&Sif;tygt0if uGefjrLepfygwD 17 ygwD yg0ifa=umif;eJ@ 'DtzG@J &@J aumfrwDpn kH D tpnf; ta0;ukd 2011 ar 14 &ufae@u ac:,lusi;f ycJa h =umif;wk@d udk ,cifwywf ta&;awmfyHkrSm azmfjycJhw,f? wcsdefwnf;rSmvnf; k&Sm;zuf'a&;&Sif;uGefjrLepfygwDrSm ygwD0if 1 odef; 5 aomif; 3 axmif&Sda=umif;eJ@ ygwDOuUtjzpf *ifem&D- tef'&D,mApfcsf-ZlumaemhAfu aqmif&Gufae a=umif;wkd@ukdvnf; azmfjycJhw,f? wjcm;pmapmifwckrm S awmh ygw0 D iftiftm; 1 ode;f 5 aomif; 4 axmife@J ygwt D ajccH tzG@J tpnf;aygi;f 1 aomif; 4 axmif&w dS ,fv@dk azmfjyxm;wm awG@&w,f? ude;f *%ef;rsm; wpHw k &m uGjJ ym;r_ &Sa d eayr,fh 'Dygw[ D m tiftm;awmifhwif;wJhygwDw&yftjzpfawmh aumufcsufcsEkdifygw,f? k&Sm;tm%mykdifawGuawmh apmpGmuwnf;u 'DygwDukd qkd&S,f'Drkdu&ufwpfygwDtjzpf toGifajymif; oGm;a&;ukd ar#mfvifhapmifhpm;cJh=uayr,fh k&Sm;zuf'a&;&Sif;uGefjrLepfygwD[m rdrd&J@ tqifhae&m a&G;cs,fowf rSwx f m;r_e@J rdr& d @J awG;ac:,lqr_awGudk r,dr;f r,ki d f }uH}h uHc hi dk c fi dk f qkyu f i dk x f m;Eki dc fw hJ ,f? tm%myki da f wG&@J zdEy dS r fa _ wG/ ygww D i G ;f cGx J u G r f a _ wG/ +ydKifbuftiftm;pkawG&@J uefxw k r f /_ 0ki d ;f y,frp _ wmawGe@J trsKd ;rsKd ;aom tcuftcJawGudk }uHKawG@&ayr,fv h nf; +ydKvJ roGm;bJ rm;rm;rwfrwf &yfwnf+rJ&yfwnfEi dk c fw hJ ,f? ygw[ D m vuf&t dS y kc f sKyfa&;pepf&@J jywfom;wJh twkduftcHygwD jzpfw,f? k&Sm;jynfrSm qkd&S,fvpfpepf zGH@+zdK;wkd;wufa&;vrf;a=umif; jyefvnfay: xGufvma&;[m ygwD&J@ wm0efvkd@ rrSdwfroHk,lqxm;w,f? 'Dtcsufukd 2008 Ekd0ifbmrSm ac:,lusif;ycJhwJh 13 }udra f jrmuf ygwu D e G* f &ufu twnfjyKEki dc fw hJ ,f? 'gt h jyif uGe* f &uf u ygwv D y ki f ef;pOfopfudk twnfjyKcJw h ,f? vkyfief;pOfopfrSm v_yf&Sm;r_&J@ yef;wkdif/ wm0efeJ@ v_yf&Sm;r_&J@ OD;pm;ay; OD;wnfcsufrsm;ukd jymef;xm;w,f? k&m S ;zuf'a&;&Si;f uGejf rLepfygw& D @J ygwv D y k i f ef;pOf[m ygw& D @J avmavmq,fq,f&a dS ewJh wjcm; vkyi f ef; pOfoabmaqmifwJh tcsuftvufrsm; pl;prf;avhvma&;rSm rSDjirf;ukd;um;&wJh tajccHvufpGJjzpfw,f? ygwD&J@ 'l;rm;v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ vkyfief;pOf[m 'Dvkdpmwrf;rsdK; wcktjzpf oufaojyEkdifygw,f? pD;yGm;a&;tusyf twnf; tqufrjywf euf_dif;vmwJh tajctaeatmufrSm 'DygwD[m 2009 ckESpf rwfvrSm A[kdaumfrwD pHknDtpnf;ta0; ac:,lusif;y+yD; ygwD&J@ pD;yGm;a&;tusyftwnf; wkdufzsufa&;vkyfief;pOfukd wifjycJhw,f? 'Dvy k i f ef;pOf&@J rlawG[m aemuf xyf qufvuf usi;f ycJw h hJ A[ka d umfrwDpn kH t D pnf;ta0;rsm;rSm wqifw h ufum +yD;jynfp h r kH _ &&Sv d mcJw h ,f? ygwA D [ka d umfrwDobmywdtzG@J e@J twGi;f a&;rSL;tzG@J uawmh ygwr D m S aphpyfaocsmwJh vkyi f ef;pOf &Sa d e+yD/ us,a f jym vSwhJ Eki di fo H E li dk i fo H m;rsm;&J@ tusKd ;pD;yGm;eJ@ uku d n f w D /J h Eki di fa H wmfudk tusyt f wnf;u vGwa f jrmufapwJh vkyfief;pOfawG &Sdae+yDvkd@ usdK;a=umif;qDavsmfpGm todtrSwf jyKcJhw,f? k&Sm;zuf'a&;&Sif;uGefjrLepfygwD&J@ 81

pDyGm;a&;tusyftwnf; wkdufzsufa&; vkyfief;pOf[m us,fajymvSwJh vl@tzGJ@tpnf;&J@ axmufcHr_ukd &&SdcJhw,f? 'gukd atmufazmfjyyg wu,fh jzpf&yfawGu oufaojyaeygw,f? 1? k&Sm;zuf'a&;&Sif;uGefjrLepfygwD&J@ tvGefrsm;jym;vSwJh tqkdjyKcsufawG[m wjcm;EkdifiHa&; tiftm;pkawGu ul;,lc;dk cswmukd cHae&w,f? "e&Siv f w l ef;pm; Eki di fa H &;ygwu D uk, d p f m;vS,a f wG[m 'Denf;emawGudk wufwufuu toH;k cs+yD; tqifhtoD;oD; a&G;aumufyGJrsm;rSm rdrdrJ&&Sda&; twGuf rJqEN&SifjynfolawGukd vdrfnmae=uw,f? 2? avmavmq,fq,f 2 ESpt f wGi;f k&m S ;Eki di f H a'otoD;oD;rSm jyKvkya f ewJh a&G;aumufyr JG sm;twGi;f k&m S ; zuf' a&;&Si;f uGejf rLepfygw& D &Sw d hJ rJta&twGuf tqufrjywf jrifw h ufvmaer_udk !ejf yaew,f? 3? ygw& D @J t"du +ydKifbufjzpfwhJ k&m S ;jynf nD!w G a f omygwt D ay: axmufcr H a _ wG usqif; vmaew,f? 4? ygw& D @J avmavmq,fq,f 1 ESpc fu JG mvavmuftwGi;f ygw0 D ifta&twGuf usqif; aer_tajctaeukd ausmf v$m;EkdifcJhw,f? vl@tzG@J tpnf;twGi;f k&m S ;zuf'a&;&Si;f uGejf rLepfygw[ D m tvGe}f uD;rm;wJh twki d ;f twmt& =oZmoufa&mufr_ tm;aumif;vmjcif;rSm ygwu D qifEa J$ ewJh awG;ac:,lqr_wu dk y f r JG sm;eJ@ twku d t f cH0g'jzef@vy _ & f m S ;r_rsm;&J@ tusKd ;quf jzpfw,f? tESpf 20 eD;yg; twkduftcHtiftm;pktjzpf v_yf&Sm;aqmif&GufcJhr_awGa=umifh ta&;ygwJh tawG;tac: atmifyGJ wpD wwef;}uD;ukd &&Sa d pcJw h ,f? Oyrm-20 &mpk 90 ckEp S r f sm;u uGejf rLepfqef@usia f &; v_y& f m S ;r_rsm; aomif;use;f aewJh tajctae atmufrSm k&Sm;zuf'a&;&Sif;uGefjrLepfygwDuom jynfcspf0g'/ w&m;r#wr_/ jynfol@twGuf EkdifiHa&;tm%m/ qkd&S,fvpf0g' qkw d hJ au;a=umfor H sm;ukd wifjycJw h ,f? tcse d u f mvawG a&G@vsm;oGm;wmeJ@tr# rsua f rSmuf&& k m S ;jynfrm S jynfcsp0 f g'/ vl@tzG@J tpnf; w&m;r#wa&;qkdwmawG[m EkdifiHa&;orm;tm;vHk;eJ@ vuf,mvpfb&,f0g'*kd%f;tkyfpkawG&J@ ukd,fpm;vS,fawG twGif;rSmawmif wzGzGajymaewJh ajympum;jzpfvmaeyg+yD? 'g[m vl@tzGJ@tpnf;twGif; k&Sm;zuf'a&;&Sif; uGefjrLepfawG ta&;ygwJh tusdK;oufa&mufr_awG &&Sdaew,fqkdwJh oabmygyJ? wcsdefwnf;rSmvnf; wkwf/ AD,uferf/ bDvmkwdk@rSm &&SdaewJh zGH@+zdK;wkd;wufr_rsm;eJ@ vufwiftar&durS vuf0J*kd%f;tiftm;pkrsm; &&SdaewJh atmifjrifr_rsm;uvnf; 'DygwD&J@ 0g'jzef@csda&;vkyfief;twGif;rSm ta&;ygwJh tusdK;qufawG jzpfxGef;aeygw,f? (2) qk d A D , uf j ynf a xmif p k a cwf o rk d i f ; uk d umuG , f a pmif h a &S m uf j cif ; qkA d , D ufjynfaxmifpu k mvukd wefz;dk jzwfjcif;[m k&m S ;&J@ rsua f rSmufumvu Eki di fa H &;wku d y f r JG sm;twGi;f ta&;}uD; qHk; tpdwftykdif; jzpfw,f? qdkAD,ufjynfaxmifpk&J@ orkdif;tm; kyfysufqif;ysufjzpfatmif jyKvkyf=ujcif;ukd uGefjrLepfawG uqef@usif=uw,f? k&Sm;zuf'a&;&Sif; uGefjrLepfygwDu tawG;tac: wkdufyGJqifE$Jr_twGif; xif&Sm;wJhatmifjrifcsufawG &&Sc dw hJ ,f? 'Datmifjrifcsua f wGu k&m S ;vl@tzG@J tpnf;ukd qdA k , D ufjynfaxmifpk tm%myki da f wGe@J pwmvif wOD;csi;f &J@ orki d ;f pGr;f aqmif c suf a wG u k d topf w zef jyef v nf p Of ; pm;oH k ; oyf v mapcJ h w ,f ? Oyrm- k & S m ;&J @ ausmf = um;ol r sm; qd k w J h kyfoHtpDtpOfrSm kyfoHy&dowf ukaukmcsD+yD; yg0ifrJay;cJh=uw,f? &v'ftaeeJ@ vDeif/ pwmvifwkd@ukd k&Sm;&J@ orkdif;wm0efxrf;aqmifolrsm;teuf txif&Sm;qHk;olrsm;vkd@ k&Sm;EkdifiHol EkdifiHom;rsm;u a&G;cs,fcJh=uw,f? 2009-2010 twGif; vDeif/ pwmvifwkd@.atmifjrifr_rsm; rsm;qkdwJh trnfeJ@ EkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_ukd k&Sm;zuf 'a&;&Sif; uGefjrLepfygwDu usif;ycJhw,f? 'Dv_yf&Sm;r_awGukd ygwDu vDeif ESpf 140 jynfhESpfukd txdrf;trSwfjyKjcif;/ pwmvif ESpf 130 jynfhESpfukd txdrf;trSwfjyKjcif; eJ@ qkdAD,uf jynfaxmifpk jynfolawG&J@ trdEkdifiH umuG,fa&; 65 ESpa f jrmuf atmifyu JG dk txdr;f trSwjf yKjcif; tjzpf usi;f ycJw h mjzpfw,f? ygw[ D m trsKd ;rsKd ;tzHz k a kH om v_y& f m S ;r_awGudk aqmif&GufcJhw,f? ZlumaemhAf&J@ pwmvifeJ@ rsufarSmufacwf/ pwmvifacwf&J@ udef;*%ef;taxmuftxm;rsm;eJ@ wu,fhjzpf&yfrsm;pwJh pmtkyfrsm;ukdvnf; xkwfa0cJhw,f? 'Dv_yf&Sm;r_awG&J@ &v'fwckuawmh vDeif/ pwmvifwkd@&J@ au;a=umfor H sm;ukd qufvufui dk p f JG qifEa J$ &;twGuf k&m S ;zuf'a&;&Si;f uGejf rLepfygwt D wGi;f ok@d yg0ifvm=uw,f? 'ga=umifh ygwD0ifta&twGuf usqif;aewJh taetxm;ukd ygwD[m ausmf eif;EkdifcJhw,f? k&m S ;zuf'a&;&Si;f uGejf rLepfygw[ D m qdA k , D ufjynfaxmifpo k rki d ;f ukd kyy f suq f if;ysujf zpf atmif vkya f qmifcsua f wGudk qef@usifuef@uGufr_awG qufvufvkyfaqmifcJhw,f? 'gtwGuf xl;jcm;wJh ae@xl;ae@jrwf&ufpGJrsm;ukd txdrf;trSwfyGJawG usi;f ycJ=h uw,f? Oyrm - l&* D g*g&if tmumotwGi;f yso H ef;jcif; ESpf 50 jynft h xdr;f trSwjf yKwJh tcrf;tem;ukd usi;f ycJw h ,f? avmavmq,fq,fEp S r f sm;twGi;f k&m S ;zuf'a&;&Si;f uGejf rLepfygw& D @J ta&;}uD;vkyi f ef;wm0ef uawmh tufpu f &m (trSef w&m;) owif;pm ESpf 100 jynfa h e@udk txdr;f trSwjf yKwJh tcrf;tem; jyKvkya f &;jzpfw,f? vl@tzGJ@tpnf;pdwf"mwf&J@ wdrf;nGwfr_opfu l&Sm;tkyfpkd;ol tkyfpkawGukd tvGefrwnf r+idrfjzpfapcJhw,f? EkdifiH olEkdifiHom;awG&J@ qdkAD,ufjynfaxmifpkorkdif; wefzkd;jzwfcsufawGu 20 &mpk 90 ckESpfrsm;u tm;aumif;vS+yD; tvGefrsm; 82

jym;vSwJh uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&; ,Hkwrf;pum;awGukd a=ujyKef;ysufpD;oGm;apwJh oabmaqmifygw,f? 'Dvkd tajct aeatmufrm S "e&Siv f w l ef;pm; tawG;tac:ynm&Sia f wGu pwmvif&@J ta&;ygr_ usqif;oGm;apa&;tawG;tac:ukd k&m S ;jynfoa l wG twif;vufca H pzk@d }uHpnftm;xkwv f m=uw,f? 2010 aqmif;OD;rSm k&m S ;jynfaxmifpk orRwvuf atmufrm S xlaxmifxm;wJh Eki di fo H E l i dk i fo H m;vl@tzG@J tpnf;eJ@ vl@tcGihf ta&;aumfrwD OuUu pwmvif&@J ta&;ygr_ us qif;oGm;apa&;&J@ vkdtyfr_ukd OD;qHk;a=unmvkdufygw,f? k&Sm;zuf'a&;&Sif; uGefjrLepfygwD A[kdaumfrwDOuU ZlumaemhAfu k&Sm;orRw rufAD'ufxHokd@ 'Djy\emukd twdtvif;uef@uGufwJhpm ay;ykd@ xkwfjyefvkdufw,f? 2011 rSm pwmvif&@J ta&;ygr_ usqif;oGm;apa&; &nfre S ;f csue f @J vkya f qmifcsuf awGudk vl@tzG@J tpnf;u vufca H pa&;ukd qufvuf+yD; twif;tusyf }uHpnfcjhJ yefw,f? k&m S ; zuf'a&;uGejf rLepfygw[ D m pwmvif&@J ta&;ygr_ usqif;oGm;a&;ukd ckcHqef@usifwJh wkdufyGJtwGif;rSm oufaoxljy&ef ta=umif;tcsuf wpDwwef;}uD;ukd toHk;cscJh w,f? k&Sm;zuf'a&;&Sif; uGefjrLepfygwDu t&if;&Sifpepf[m 20 &mpk 80 ckESpfrsm; aESmif;ykdif;eJ@ 90 ckESpftpykdif;rSm jzpfay:cJw h hJ tusyt f wnf;u vGwa f jrmufvmr_[m rdr& d @J twGi;f yki d ;f t&if;tjrpfrsm;ukd rDc S +dk yD; vGwa f jrmufvmcJw h m r[kwb f J qkA d , D ufjynfaxmifpu k dk +zdKzsuy f pfa&;eJ@ qdA k , D ufjynfaxmifpk tzG@J 0if orRwEki di fa H wG&@J o,HZmw t&if; tjrpfrsm;ukd tyki dp f ;D a&;tay: rDc St dk m;xm;cJw h mjzpfw,fqw dk mukd owday;ajym=um;vku d w f ,f? ,cktusyt f wnf;ukd vnf; taemufwkdif;EkdifiHawG[m rdrd&J@ twGif;ykdif;u o,HZmwt&if;tjrpfrsm;ukd rSDckd+yD; tcuftcJukd ausmfeif; oGm;a&; rjzpfEi dk y f gb;l ? (vpfAsm;rSm jzpfysuc fw hJ t hJ jzpftysu[ f m taemufwi dk ;f u olw@dk tusyt f wnf;ukd ausme f if;a&; twGuf vkya f qmifcsujf zpfygw,f?) qkv d w dk mu tcuftcJ ausmv f m $ ;a&;twGuf wjcm;Eki di fu H dk rDc St dk m;xm;cJw h ,f? k&Sm;[m e,fcsJ@orm;rsm;u usL;ausmf odrf;ykdufvkdwJh ta&;ygwJhypfrSwfwck jzpf+rJjzpfaeao;w,f? taemufwi dk ;f tkyp f ;dk ol tiftm;pkrsm;[m k&m S ;tm; awG;ac:,lqr_t& zsuq f ;D a&;ukd wrdepf wpuUe@f r# r&yfrem; vkyfaqmifcJh=uw,f? tawG;tac:wku d y fu JG dk tusKd ;oufa&mufra _ umif;pGm qifEE J$ i dk a f &;twGu/f rdr& d @J &yfwnfcsuu f dk 0g'jzef@csa d &;/ +ydKifbufawGukd zGifhcsa&;twGuf ygwD[m tawG;tac:b%fwkduf&Sd&ef vkdtyfHkru toHk;csud&d,m*kda'gifvnf; &Sdoifhygw,f? k&Sm;zuf'a&;&Sif;uGefjrLepfygwD[m rdrdbmom 0g'jzef@csd a&;pGrf;tifudk wkd;csJ@a&;twGuf vkyfief; trsm;tjym;ukd vkya f qmifcw hJ ,f? k&m S ;zuf'a&;&Si;f uGejf rLepf ygwD A[ka d umfrwD&@J AD', D u dk m; ku d u f ;l a&;vkyi f ef;ukd xlaxmifxm;w,f? vufawG@oabmaqmifwJh acgif;pnf;awGukd A[kdjyK+yD; rSwfwrf;kyf&Sifum;rsm;eJ@ rsufarSmufjynf wGif;jynfya&;&m rSwfwrf;um;rsm;ukd kduful;ygw,f? aemufqHk; kdufcJhwmuawmh tdyfrufawG wu,ftaumif txnfay:vmjcif;qkw d hJ ky& f i Su f m;ygy? J 'g[m tmumook@d yso H ef;cJr h _ tESpf 50 jynfa h jrmufwt hJ cgor,ukd txdr;f trSwfjyK kduful;xm;jcif; jzpfw,f? ygwD[m tjyeftvSefqufoG,fa&; uGef&ufvkyfief;ukdvnf; wkd;csJ@xm;w,f? Eki di fa H &;ynmay;a&; tjyeftvSef qufo, G v f @dk &wJh uGe, f uf 0ufbq f ' dk u f v dk nf; xlaxmifxm;w,f? 'Dv0 dk ufbq f ' dk f pmrsufESmrsm;tjyif k&Sm;zuf'a&;&Sif;uGefjrLepfygwDu tpkd;&t&m&Sdrsm;&J@ 0ufbfqdk'fpm rsufESmrsm;vnf; &Sdae+yD; tJ'D pmrsufESmuae ygwD&J@vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm; ukd &Sif;vif;ajymqkdaeygw,f? (3) k & S m ;zuf ' a&;&S i f ; uG e f j rLepf y gwD e J @ 'l ; rm;a&G ; aumuf y G J k&m S ;zuf'a&;&Si;f uGejf rLepfygwD A[ka d umfrwDu ygw0 D ifawGudk jynfov l x l t k wGi;f ygw& D @J =oZmwk;d cs@J a&;ukd tav;xm;aqmif&Guf=u&ef awmif;qkdcJhw,f? tusdK;oufa&mufr_aumif;aumif;eJ@ k&Sm;'l;rm;v$wfawmf a&G; aumufyu JG dk yg0ifjcif;tm;jzifh ygw& D @J pGr;f tm;ukd wk;d yGm;vmapa&;[m ygw& D @J 2011 twGuf ta&;}uD;qH;k wm0eftjzpf csrSwfvkyfaqmifcJhw,f? ygwD[m a&G;aumufyGJ 6 }udrfpvHk; yg0ifcJhw,f? 1993 yxrt}udrfa&G;aumufyGJrSm 'DygwD[m v$wfawmf uk, d p f m;vS,f 65 ae&m/ wjynfv;kH &J@ rJta&twGuf 12 '\r 35 &mcki dE f e _ ;f ? 'kw, d t}udrf a&G;aumufyr JG m S 157 ae&meJ@ rJta&twGuf 22 '\r 3 &mcki dE f e _ ;f ? wwd,t}udrf a&G;aumufyr JG m S 110 ae&m/ rJta&twGuf 24 '\ r 29 &mcki dE f e _ ;f ? pwkwt }udrf a&G;aumufyr JG m S 46 ae&m/ rJta&twGuf 10 '\r 22 &mcki dE f e _ ;f ? yOPrt}udrf a&G; aumufyr JG m S 57 ae&m/ rJta& twGuf 11 '\r 57 &mcki dE f e _ ;f &&Sc dw hJ ,f? 4 ESpw f }udru f si;f y+rJjzpfv@dk 2011 'DZif bm 4 &ufae@rm S qrt}udrf k&m S ;'l;rm;v$wa f wmf a&G;aumufyJG usi;f ycJy h gw,f? 'Dygw[ D m tjcm;ygwD 7 ygwe D @J twl a&G;aumufyr JG m S 0ifa&muf,O S +f ydKifc& hJ m uk, d p f m;vS,f 97 ae&m/ rJta&twGuf pkpa k ygi;f &J@ 19 '\r 19 &mcki dE f e _ ;f 83

&&Sc dw hJ ,f? a&G;aumufyJG t+yD;rSmawmh tm%m&ygwu D a&G;aumufyt JG ay: rw&m; npfywfvr d v f nf rJc;dk r_rsm;ukd qef@usiw f hJ taeeJ@ k&m S ;wjynfv;kH +rdK@ 50 ausmr f m S uef@uu G q f ENjyyGa J wG ay:xGuc fw hJ ,f? 'DygwD[m tkyfcsKyfa&;tm%mykdifawGu ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmtwGif; zdESdyf!pfxkwfcHae&ayr,fh wav#mufv;kH tajccH tm;jzifh wnfwnf+idr+f idrf &yfwnfEi dk c f +hJ yD; t"dutwku d t f cHae&mukd qufvuf xdef;xm;EkdifcJhw,f? 'g[m jynfol tajrmuftjrm;u twdwfu aumif;wJht&mukd wrf;wowd &a=umif;/ vl@tzGJ@tpnf;&J@ w&m;r#wr_/ ajzmifhrSefr_wkd@ukd ar#mfvifhawmifhwaea=umif; a&mifjyef[yf azmfjycsufjzpfw,f? ukd;um;? ? rsufarSmufurBmeJ@ qkd&S,fvpf0g*sme,f? 2011 trSwf 4 eJ@ rsufarSmufurBm 2012 trS w f 1?

cifat;=unfjr
2012 rwf 7?

ppftm%m&Sif pepfu f dk wku d z f sujf u _ynfot hl iftm;ukd pkpnf;ju

84

rmhup f0 f g' avhvma&;

uGefjrLepf0g'. rlrsm;
z&uf'&pf tde* f ,f

ar;cG e f ; 19? Tawmf v S e f a &;onf wd k i f ; jynf w jynf x J w G i f jzpf E d k i f a jc &S d y govm;? tajz? rjzpfEi kd a f y? urBma h ps;uGuu f kd zefw;D jcif;jzifh t}uD;pm;pufrv _ y ki f ef;u urBmay:&Sd jynf olvx l r k sm; txl;ojzifh ,Ofaus;wd;k wuf+yD;olrsm;udk tvGefeD;uyfpGm qufpyfay;cJh onf? eD;uyfvdkufor#rSm wOD;tjzpftysufu aemufwOD;tay: *,ufrkdufbJ raeavmufatmifyif jzpfonf? tjyif/ u ,Ofaus;wd;k wuf+y;D Edi ki fH tm;vH;k wGif "e&SiE fi S hf ypPn;f rJw h @kd onf vl@tzG@J tpnf;. tqH;k tjzwf vlwef;pm;ESp& f yftjzpf a&muf&v dS m+yD; wd@k t=um; wdu k y fo JG nf ,ae@t"duwdu k y ft JG qifo h @kd a&muf&a dS p&ef vl@tzG@J tpnf; wd;k wufjzpfay:r_ukd wGJzuf !dE_dif;ay;vdkufygonf? xdk@a=umifh uGefjrLepf awmfvSefa&;onf EdkifiHwckwnf;. jy\emr[kwfawmhacs? ,Ofaus;wdk;wuf+yD; wdkif;jynfrsm; tm;vHk;wGif tenf;qHk;ajym&v#if t*Fvef/ tar&duef/ jyifopfESifh *smreD wdk@wGif w+ydKifwnf; jzpfay:ayvdrfhrnf? wdkif;jynfwjynf odk@r[kwf tjcm;wjynf wGif&Sdonfh ydkIjzpfay: wdk;wufaeonfh pufr_vkyfief; ydkrdkrsm;jym;onfh "eOpPmrsm; ydkrdkxl;jcm;onfh xkwfvkyfa&; tiftm;pk tpkta0; rsm;ESifhtnD Twdkif;jynfwjynfcsif;onf ydkrdkvsifjrefpGmaomfvnf;aumif;/ ydkIaES;pGmaomfvnf;aumif; jzpfay:wd;k wufvr d r hf nf? xd@k a=umifh *smreDwi G f taES;qH;k jzpf+yD;/ tcuftcJ trsm;qH;k &ifqi kd & f rnfjzpf+yD; t*Fvef wGif tjrefq;kH ESihf tvG,q f ;kH jzpfvr dr hf nf? onf urBmt h jcm;Edi ki fr H sm;udk tiftm;}uD;rm;aom =oZm*,uf rsm;du k a f p+yD; ,ae@txd wd@k .jzpf ay:wd;k yGm;r_ vrf;a=umif;tm; tajccHrp S I jyKjyifajymif;vJ+y;D t&Se dw f ;kd jri hf ay;vdrr hf nf? ,if;onf wurBmvH;k qdi k& f m awmfve Sa f &;jzpf+y;D xd@k a=umify h if urBmt h wdi k ;f twm aqmifayvdrr hf nf? ar;cG e f ; 20? yk * ~ v d u yd k i f q d k i f r _ aemuf q H k ; zsuf o d r f ; jcif ; . tusKd ; quf rsm;um; tb,f e nf ; ? tajz? vl@tzGJ@tpnf;onf yk*~vdu t&if;&Sifrsm;vufxJrS xkwfvkyfa&; tiftm;pkrsm;tm;vHk;ESifh ukefoG,fr_ vkyi f ef;tm;vH;k xd@k tjyif aiGa=u;vJv, S r fE _i S hf ukey f pPn;f jzef@a0r_rsm;udk odr;f ,lvu kd +f yD; vl@tzG@J tpnf;wckv;kH . vkt d yfcsur f sm;ESihf &Edi ko f nfh t&if;tjrpf rsm;tay: tajccHaom pDru H e d ;f ESit hf nD pDrc H ef@cJG vdrr hf nf? Tenf;jzifh ta&;t}uD;qHk;uawmh t}uD;pm;pufr_vkyfief;. vkyf&yfa=umifh ,cktcg yl;wGJygvmonfh raumif;aom tusKd;qufrsm; zsufodrf;jcif;cH&ayvdrfhrnf? pD;yGm;a&;uyfrsm;vnf; &Sdawmhrnf r[kwfacs? vuf&Sd vl@tzGJ@ tpnf;twGi;f xkwv f y k a f &;ydv k #r H j_ zpfum xd@k a=umifh 'kur Q sm; . t"duta=umif;&if; jzpfaeaom us,jf yef@ wdk;yGm;vmonfh xkwfvkyfa&;rSm xdktcsdefwGif rvHkravmufjzpfum ydkrdkwdk;csJ@&ef ydkrdkvdktyfvmvdrfhrnf? xkwf vkyfa&; ydkv#Hr_onf 'kuQqif;&Jrsm;udk jzpfay:aprnfhtpm; tm;vHk;.vdktyfr_udk auseyfEdkifap&eftwGuf vl@tzGJ@tpnf;. tjccHvdktyfcsufrsm;xuf ausmfvGefoGm;ayrnf? vdktyfcsuf topfrsm;ESifh wcsdefwnf; ,if;wd@k ukd jynf0 h jznfq h nf;Edi kr f nfh enf;emrsm;udk zefw;D vdrr hf nf? onf wd;k wufrt _ opf. ta=umif;tcsuf ESifh v_H@aqmfcsufjzpfvmrSmjzpf+yD; Twdk;wufr_udk a&S;,cifuvdk vl@tzGJ@tpnf; taetxm;tm; _yfaxG; r_jzpfapjcif;rsKd; r&SdbJESifh &&Sdvdrfhrnf? yk*~vduydkifqdkifr_ zdtm;atmufrS vGwfajrmufvmonfh t}uD;pm; pufr_vkyfief;onf ukefxkwfvkyfcif;tqifhESifh vuf&Sdtqifhwdk@. uGmjcm;r_rsKd; uGmjcm;aom vuf&Sdtqifhxuf us,fjyef@onfxuf us,fjyef@wdk;yGm;r_ jzpfvmvdrfhrnf? Tpufr_vkyfief; jzpfay:wd;k wufru _ vl@tzG@J tpnf; twGuf tm;vH;k . vdt k yfcsur f sm;udk auseyfapEdi ko f nft h xGuf ypPn;f tajrmuftjrm; tvHt k avmuf &&SdapEdkif ygvdrfhrnf? yk*~vduydkifqdkifr_ESifh ajr,mtm; tuGufvdkuf pdwfydkif;xm;r_. '%fudkcHpm;&onfh pdkufysKd;a&; wGifvnf; tvm;wl jzpfvmygvr dr hf nf? Tae&mwGif wnf&a dS eonfh wd;k wufrr _ sm;ESihf odye H` nf;us tpDtpOf rsm;udk vufawG@taumiftxnfazmf+yD; vHk;0opfvGifonfh 'Da&jrifhw&yfjzpfay:apum vHkavmufaom txGuy f pPn;f tajrmuftjrm;udk vl@tzG@J tpnf;u oH;k pG& J ef ay;tyfvr dr hf nf? Tenf;jzifh ukefypPnf; tajrmuf tjrm; xkwfvkyfum vl@tzGJ@tpnf;taeESifh tzGJ@tpnf;0iftm;vHk;. vdktyfcsufrsm;tm;vHk;udk &&Sdauseyf apEdkifygvdrfhrnf? vl@tzGJ@tpnf;twGif; tjyeftvSef &efapmifaeaom vlwef;pm;rsm;tjzpf uGJjym; 85

aer_onfvnf; Tenf;jzifh rvdktyfbJ jzpfvmvdrfhrnf? trSefyif Tonf rvdktyfkHr#ru vlr_tzGJ@tpnf;qdkif&m tae txm;topfESifhvnf; roifhavsmf rqDavsmfawmhacs? vkyftm;cGJa0r_u vlwef;pm;rsm; jzpfwnfvmr_udk ay:aygufapcJh+yD; ,ck tcsdefxd odem;vnfvmcJh=uonfh vkyf tm;cGJa0r_rSm vHk;0 aysmufuG,foGm;ayvdrfhrnf? pufr_vkyfief;ESifh v,f,mvkyfief; xkwfvkyfa&;wdk@udk u|efawmfwdk@ azmfjycJhwJh tqifhxd a&muf&Sdap&eftwGuf puf,EW&m;ESifh "mwkypPnf;ud&d,mrsm;ESifhom vHkavmufEdkifjcif;r&SdbJ Tud&d,mrsm;udk v_yf&Sm;aeaponfh vlrsm;.pGrf;&nfonfvnf; tvm;wlpGm jzpfay:wdk;wuf vmayrnf? aemufqHk; &mpkESpf (q,fh&Spf&mpk) . v,form;rsm;ESifh ukefxkwfvkyfr_ vkyfcif; vkyfom;rsm;rSm t}uD;pm; pufr_vkyfief;twGif; twif;wGef;ydk@jcif; cH&onfhtcg wdk@. aexdkifr_b0wckvHk; ajymif;oGm;+yD; uGJjym;jcm;em;onfhvlrsm; jzpfoGm;ouJhodk@ xdkenf;vnf;aumif;yJ xkwfvkyfa&;udk vl@tzGJ@tpnf;wckvHk;u trsm;ydkif csKyfudkifaqmif&Gufr_jzifh jzpfay: vmonfh xkwfvkyfa&; jzpfay:wdk;wufr_ topfonf vHk;0 uGJjym;jcm;em;onfh vl@om; trsK;d tpm;rsm;udk vdv k nf;vdt k yf jzpfvnf;jzpfxe G ;f vmapvdrr hf nf? ,cktcse du f mvrSmvdk vlwOD;wa,muf[m xkwv f y ka f &;XmecGw J ck vuf atmufcjH zpfae&jcif;/ &J@tcsKyftaESmifcH/ aoG;pkyfcHae&+yD;jcif;/ rdrdpGrf;&nfrsm;xJrS tjcm;t&mrsm;pGef@v$wfum wckudkomjzpfay:wdk;wufap Edkifjcif;/ vkyfief;cGw J ck odk@r[kwf xkwfvkyfa&;wckvHk;. vkyfief;cGJwck. tcGJwckudkom od&Sdem;vnfjcif; jzpfaev#if xkwfvkyf a&;udk trsm;ydkifcsKyfudkif aqmif&GufEdkifr_ rjyKEdkifay? vuf&Sdpufr_vkyfief;rSmyifv#if TuJhodk@aom vlrsKd;rsm;onf ydkIydkI toHk;rwnfh jzpfvma=umif; awG@vmae&onf? vl@tzGJ@tpnf;wckvHk;taejzifh csKyfudkifaqmif&Gufaom pDrHudef;&Sdonfh trsm;ydkif pufr_vkyfief;onf vlom;rsm;udk bufrsm;pGmY t&nf tcsif;&Sd+yD; xkwfvkyfa&; pepfwckvHk;udk }uD;=uyfEdkifonfh pGrf;&nf&Sdolrsm;tjzpf awmif;qdkayonf? v,form;u wa,muf/ zdeyfcsKyform;u aemufwa,muf/ pufkHvkyfom;u wwd,wa,muf/ pawmhaps;upm;olu pwkwwa,muf pojzifh cGJypfvdkufonfh vkyftm;cGJa0r_onf puf,EW&m;. +zdKzsufjcif; cHvdkuf&+yD;jzpfum vHk;0aysmufuG,foGm;ygvdrfhrnf? vli,frsm;udk ynma&;u xkwfvkyfa&;pepfwckvHk;ESifh u|rf;usifr_ tvsif tjref &SdapEdkifrnfjzpf+yD; vl@tzGJ@ tpnf;. vdktyfr_udk wkH@jyefaomtm;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ rdrdqENt&vnf;aumif;/ xkwfvkyf a&;XmecGJwckrS wckodk@ qufwdkuf ul;ajymif;oGm;Edkifvdrfhrnf? xdk@a=umifh onf ,ae@ vkyftm; cGJa0r_u vlwdkif;tay: wHqy d f u dk E f y dS x f m;onfh wzufowfvuQ%mrS olw@kd tm; vGwa f jrmufapayvdrr hf nf? uGejf rLepftajccHay:Y zG@J pnf;xm;onfh vl@tzGJ@tpnf;onf Tenf;jzifh .tzGJ@0ifrsm;udk wdk@. bufpHkawmfaom t&nftaoG;rsm;udk bufpHk toHk;csEdkif&ef tcGifhta&;rsm;udk ay;tyfvdrfhrnf? odk@aomf Todk@ jzpfay:vmygu vlwef;pm;rsm; rv$J{uef aysmufuG,foGm;vdrfhrnf? uGefjrLepftajccHay: zGJ@pnf;xm;onfh vl@tzGJ@tpnf;onf wzufwGif vlwef;pm;rsm; wnf&Sdaer_ESifh o[Zmw rjzpfEdkifbJ/ wzufwGifvnf; vl@tzGJ@tpnf;udk wnfaqmufjcif;uyifv#if vlwef;pm; uGJjym;r_ukd zsufodrf;onfhenf;emrsm; ay;tyf ayvdrfhrnf? rS &&Sdonfh tcsufwcsufuawmh +rdK@ESifhawmt=um; uGJjym;r_onfvnf; tvm;wl aysmufuG,foGm;vdrfhrnf qdjk cif;yif jzpfonf? pdu k y f sK;d a&;ESihf pufrv _ y ki f ef; vnfywfa&;udk rwlnw D hJ vlwef;pm;ESp& f yfu vkyo f nft h pm; vlwpkwnf;uom vkyfaqmifr_onf kyf0wKta=umif; oufoufjzpfygu uGefjrLepftzGJ@tpnf;twGuf vdktyfaom ta=umif;tcsufw&yf jzpfonf? +rdK@}uD;rsm;u pufr_vlOD;a& jynfhusyf xlxyfvmjcif;ESifhtwl v,fajrrsm;rS pdkufysKd;onfhvlOD;a& jyef@usJaer_onf v,f,mpdkufysKd;a&;ESifh pufr_vkyfief; ESpfckpvHk;. rzGH@+zdK;aomtqifE h i S hf vdu k a f vsmnDaxGaom ta=umif;tcsuw f &yfjzpf+yD; a&S@jzpfay:wd;k wufr_ tm;vH;k twGuf twm;tqD;w&yf jzpfa=umif; jrifomod&Sd+yD;jzpfonf? xkwfvkyfa&; tiftm;pkrsm;udk pDrHudef;us pkaygif; tpGrf;ukef toHk;+yKa&; &nf &G,fcsufjzifh vl@tzGJ@tpnf;0iftm;vHk;. taxGaxG yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_/ xkwfvkyfa&;u tm;vHk;.vdktyfr_udk jynfh0auseyfapEdkifonfh tqifhtxd us,fjyef@wdk; yGm;vmr_/ vlwOD; wa,muf. vdt k yfru _ kd tepfem tqH;k _;H cHro S m tjcm;olwOD;. vdt k yfru _ kd jynfp h a kH p Edi ko f nfh tajctae tqHk;owfoGm;r_/ vlwef;pm;rsm;ESifh wdk@.ydyuQrsm; vHk;0 ausjyKef;oGm;r_/ vuf&Sdvkyftm;cGJa0r_udk y,fzsufjcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;/ pufr_vkyfief; ynma&; jzifhvnf;aumif;/ v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;udk wvSnfhpD ajymif;jcif;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ wurBmvHk;u xkwfvkyfonfh aysmf&$ifr_ tzHkzHkudk wurBmvHk;cGJa0cHpm;jcif;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ +rdK@ESifhawmudk yl;aygif;ay;vdkufjcif;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ vl@tzGJ@tpnf;0if tm;vHk;wdk@&J@ pGrf;&nfowWdrsm;udk tjynfht0jzpfay: wdk;wufr_- Tt&mrsm;onf yk*~vdu ydkifqdkifr_udk zsufodrf;jcif;jzifh &&Sdvmonfh t"du tusKd;qufrsm; jzpfayonf?

86

azmif y d w f a qmif ; yg;

=um;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJ at;+idrf;
b,f v d k a &G ; aumuf y G J v J orRw}uD;pum;/ aumfr&Sifpum;/ v$wfawmft}uD;tuJ awG&@J pum;t& vGwv f yfw/hJ oef@&i S ;f wJh a&G;aumufyJG jzpf vdrr hf ,fv@kd ar#mw f o hJ u l ar#m/f a=umfjimolu a=umfjimw,f? Edi ki fw H umhtjrifaumif;atmif/ vdc k sia f o;wmawG awmif;vd@k &atmif odyt f qd;k }uD;awmh jzpfr,frxifb;l vd@k wGufolu wGufw,f? etz qdw k m rqv aoG;eJ@ ppfoaE<aygi;f +yD; arG; vmwm/ tm%mvufrv$wa f &; tusiu hf ygae+yDv@kd xif olu xif=uw,f? (u|efawmfhudk tJ'DtxJ xnfhvdkufyg?) jzpf a eyH k u a&G;aumufyGJ rJqG,fc&D;awGrSm 'DcsKyf&J@ w&m;yGJ awG =uufysr H us pnfum;wm/ &[ef;/ &Si/f vl/ wyfrawmf om; (rdom;pk) awGyg tm;ay;wm jrif&+yD? }uH@zGH@ awG&J@ rawmfrw&m;vkyf[efawGvnf; =um;vm cHpm;vm=u&+yD? 'DcsKyf ydp k wmawG qkw+f zJc=H u&/ qdi k ;f bkwf "m;eJ@ tckwfcH&/ udk,fpm;vS,fudk avmufav;cGeJ@ypf/ tm;ay; vdu k v f mwJo h a l wG cJe@J txkc& H wm ? w&m;yGJusif;yzdk@ ae&mcsray;wm/ a[majymyGJ wufa&muf olawG&J@tdrf rD;csray;wm? rJpm&if;awG qkw+f zJwm/ rJpm&if;awGukd oGm;=unfh zd@k rvG,w f a hJ e&mrSm uyfxm;wmawG &Sv d mw,f? tJ'D rJpm &if;awGxr J m S aoolawG toufjyef&i Sv f m+yD; ouf&dS xif &Sm;olawG toufaysmuf ukefwmvnf; uHvkduf&+yD? 2010 rSm twdkuftcHawGudk taoowfchw J hJ u wifrJawG pa&mufae+yD? txuf a =umif h v m;/ atmuf a =umif h v m; - txufu w&m;ojzifhvkyfaewmyJ? atmufu xif&mpdkif;ae=uwmvdk@ ajymolu ajymw,f? - atmufajcajymwmu wdkifcsif&mwkdif txufu cdkif;vdk@vkyfwmyJ wJh? - w&m;yGa J e&mudpr P m S wdi k ;f tqifu h ocsKif;uke;f oGm;vkyf=u vdk@ trdef@csw,f? - 2010 a&G;aumufyw JG e k ;f u pmayAdrmefwq H y d v f kd vrf ; wjcrf ; (om) cif ; ay;cJ h z l ; wJ h r@awmf 0 ef a[mif;u aiGxkyfudkif+yD; twkd;enf;enf;eJ@ aiG acs;/ rJq, G w f mvnf; awG@&w,f? ukeu f e k a f jym ygr,f -xef;yifzsm;rSm&Sw d hJ orRw}uD;qdo k l ud, k f wdkifu cifAsm;wdk@vdkcsifwJhaiG a[m'DrSm ,lay awmh/ u|efawmf bmvdkcsifovJ cifAsm;wdk@ od w,faemf ajym rJq, G v f u kd +f yDy? J - etz aqmifyk'fudku Edkif&ifvnf; Edkif&r,f? H;_ &ifvnf; Edi k& f r,f? tEkenf;/ t=urf;enf; vdk tyfovdkoHk; wJh? 'k u Q w d k i f w rf ; jcif ; ckawmh tar#mfudk;}uD; ar#mfudk;cJhwJh twdkuftcH bufu w&m;r#wwJh a&G;aumufyjJG zpfr,frxif qdw k hJ toH xGufvmw,f? 'DvdkvkyfaewmawG rvkyfatmifwm;Edkifzdk@ a&G; aumufya JG umfr&Siw f @kd / tpd;k &wd@k u w&m;0ifpm xkwjf yef oifhw,fvdk@ ajymvm&+yD? ed * H k ; - 1960 a&G;aumufyGJrSm vlwnf+rJ rJoef@&Sif; - 1990 a&G;aumufyr JG m S vl wpn rJ 'DcsKyf - 2010 a&G;aumufyu JG sawmh vl (b,fojl zpfjzpf) rJ }uH@zG@H - ck 2012 =um;jzwfrm S vl 'DcsKyf rJ a&G ; aumuf y G J u wywf o momyJ vd k a wmh w ,f ? avmufav;cG ausmufcJtqifhuausmf+yD; aoewfeJ@ypf/ vufypfAHk;eJ@xk tEdkif,lwmrsdK; rjzpfygapeJ@vdk@ &ifwrreJ@ apmifh=unfh&OD;r,f? (22 -3- 2012)

a cgif ; }uD ;

OD;odef;pdefwESpfjynfhrdef@cGef;

acgif;rm*dk%f;eJ@taysmh*dk%f;

,Hkcsifvdkufwm ,Hkvdk@r&bl; tpd k ; &wES p f r jynf h c if (wvavmuf t vd k ) rS m ajymwJh rdef@cGef;[m ppfwyfajAmiftwdtvif; tm%m odr;f cJw h hJ awmf vSea f &;aumifpD a&$&wkobif ESpf 50 jynfh (w&uftvd) k tcse d f a&G; ajymwJr h e d @f ce G ;f jzpfaew,f? pOf;pm; p&myJ? ppfwyftm%m odrf;cJhwmudk *k%fywJhrdef@cGef;tjzpf aumuf,lvdk@ &aew,f? u|efawmfwdk@tpdk;&[m trsm;ajymae=uovdk acgi;f rm*d% k ;f eJ@taysm* h % kd ;f qd+k yD; uGjJ ym;aewm r&Sy d gb;l vd@k olu ajymvdkufw,f? 'gayrJh orRw}uD;eJ@ol[m taysmh*dk%f;xJrSm yg w,f vdk@ &Gmdk;tjyifxGuf+yD; xkwfazmfaewJh 0ef}uD;u vnf; &Sdaew,f? 'D0ef}uD;u taysmhbuf/ trmbuf/ tdyfaysmfae oleJ@ +cHpnf;dk;cGxdkifaeol&,fvdk@ 4 rsdK; 4 pm; cGJjywJhtjyif &mcdkifE_ef;u b,favmufpD&Sdw,fvdk@vnf; wGujf yygw,f? rcufygvm;? OD;Adv k o f e d ;f pdef ajymwJh u|ef awmfwdk@rSm y&d,m,fr&Sdygbl; qdkwJhpum; b,fa&muf oGm;+yDvJ? wcsdK@xdyfoD;ydkif;awGuawmh ajymif;vJcsifol eJ@ rajymif;vJcsifolawG tm;yifae&w,fvdk@ ajymwmawG uaum? aumif;rGew f t hJ pd;k & oef@&i S ;f wJt h pd;k & qdw k hJ *k%f wif pum;awG tjrKyfxu G a f tmifajymvd@k aumif;wke;f tjrKyf rSrao ao;cif usyo f e d ;f axmifcsp D m&if;vdr/f pm&if;azsmuf xm;wJh 0ef}uD;Xme 6 ck&J@ tr_awG v$wfawmfxJ ay:vm wmuvnf; kyfqdk;vSw,f? KIA eJ@ wdu k y f a JG wG jyefay:aewmeJ@ywfouf+yD; ppfwyfeJ@tpdk;&=um; tm%myifr_ay:aewmudk

r[kwfygbl;vdk@ olu jiif;w,f? jynfaxmifpktqifhyk*~dKvfwcsdK@ u zm=uax;=u&w,f? wyfe@J tpd;k & tarGc=JG uawmh tpd;k &u EGm;r}uD; a&S@yi kd ;f &+yD; ppfwyfu aemufyi kd ;f ,lvu kd w f ,f? 'Dawmh wyf&@J p;D yGm;a&;/ bm a&;u tusyftwnf;r&Sdbl;? =umavwdk;yGm;av yHkrSefwufae w,f? wdkif;jynf&J@ bmpD;yGm;u odyfusyfaew,f? 'ga=umifhtpdk;&u ppfwyftydkifpD;xm;wJh pD;yGm; bm ud p P enf ; enf ; ajzav#mh a y;apcsif w ,f ? OD ; yd k i f w d k @ jref r mh p D ; yGm;a&;aumfydka&;&Sif;wdk@ yHkrSef&aewJh tusdK;pD;yGm;awGudk tpdk;& buf r#ay;apcsifvdrfhr,f? ppfwyfbufu ray;Edkifbl;? jy\em &J@qHkcsufu 'DrSmazmfjyaeyHkyJ? Adkvfoef;a&$&J@ 2008 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccH Oya'u wyfe@J tpd;k &=um; tm%myif/ tusKd ;pD;yGm;yif vkyx f m;wm jzpf w,f? wcg tpd;k &xJrm S vnf; oef@&i S ;f wnf+rJ uGw J e k ;f uvdk *d% k ;f tkyfpktyif jzpfvmw,f? +idrf;csrf;a&; (typf&yf) vkyfxm;wJh wdkif;&if; om;tzGJ@ awG e J @ +id r f ; csrf ; a&;vnf ; r&/ ppf v nf ; rjzpf tajctaevk y f xm;w,f? 'gawG[m ppfwyf&@J ta&;ygr_ udk }uD;vmaprSmyJ? tusyftwnf; }uD;oxuf}uD;vmaewJh jynfolawG vnf; 'gxuf ydkcHEdkifawmhrSm r[kwf? jzpfvmEdi kw f muawmh ayguu f r JG a _ wGjzpf/ tpd;k &u rxde;f Edi ka f wmh&if OD;ode;f pdeu f kd use;f rma&; ta=umif;jy em;cdi k ;f / pdev f i Gf vdk wifatmifjrifhOD;udk orRwwif? 'geJ@rSr&&if rif;atmifvd_ifu Adkvfapmarmifae&m ,layawmhyJ?