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NO.114 - OCT./DEC. 2013

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Up to 75% energy savings | Low maintenance | Easy to install

Recessed
Surface-mounted

Downlight

Batten

ProSet
Trunking
Waterproof

High-bay

CoreLine
LED range
The clear choice for LED
The new CoreLine range of LED luminaires
offers stylish, energy-saving, affordable,
and easy-to-install lighting solutions
viable replacements for traditional lighting
technologies across numerous applications.
For more information on Philips Complete Lighting Solutions:
Philips Egypt LLC.
Tel.: +202 2480 1450 Fax: +202 2480 1458
Email: EA.Lighting@philips.com

www.ecat.lighting.philips.com

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n_heggi@hotmail.com

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