Westermann Tables

Materials
Classification and categories
Ferrous metals Iron Plastics Nonferrous metals

Steel

Structural steel Cast iron Grey cast iron Aminoplasts Phenolplasts Alloy cast iron Solders Copper alloys Al alloys Zinc alloys Vulcanized fibre Carbon steel Alloy steel Alloy tool steel Carbon tool steel

Tool steel

Cast steel Copper, Lead Zinc, Tin, Nickel, Al PVC

Malleable iron Whiteheart malleable iron Blackheart malleable iron

General properties of materials

Chemical elements Specific weightMelting pointsCoefficient of linear (thermal) expansion Symbol Element Specific weight gf/cm 3 Melting or solidification point C 961 660 1063 704 1283 271 0.000 012 0.000 013 0.000 008 0.000 001 0.000 029 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 013 007 017 012 006 084 058 026 023 005 071 007 3550 3600 850 321 775 1492 1800 1083 1535 2443 63 826 180 650 1244 2610 98 2415 0.000 020 0.000 024 0.000 014 Ni P Pb Pt Ra S Sb Se Si Sn Ta Th Ti U V W Zn Zr Hg Cl H He N Ne O 2.25 3.52 1.55 8.64 6.9 8.8 7.1 8.9 7.86 22.42 0.86 6.18 0.53 1.74 7.3 10.21 0.97 8.55 Nickel Phosphorus Lead Platinum Radium Sulphur Antimony Selenium Silicon Tin Tantalum Thorium Titanium Uranium Vanadium Tangsten Zinc Zirconium Mercury Chlorine Hydrogen Helium Nitrogen Neon Oxygen 8.9 1.82 11.35 21.45 5.00 2.06 6.69 4.5 2.4 7.3 16.6 11.2 4.52 18.7 5.96 19.27 7.13 6.5 13.5 1453 44 327 1769 700 113 630 217 1410 232 3030 1827 1812 1132 1730 3380 420 1852 39 101 259 272 210 249 219 Coefficient of linear (thermal) expansion Symbol Element Specific weight gf/cm 3 Melting or solidification point C Coefficient of linear (thermal) expansion 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 013 124 029 009 064 011 037 008 023 007 011 009

Ag Al Au Ba Be Bi C

Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cu Fe Ir K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb

Silver Aluminium Gold Barium Beryllium Bismuth Carbon Graphite Diamond Calcium Cadmium Cerium Cobalt Chromium Copper Iron Iridium Potassium Lanthanum Lithium Magnesium Manganese Molybdenum Sodium Niobium

10.5 2.7 19.3 3.74 1.85 9.75

0.000 004 0.000 026 0.000 005

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Specific WeightMelting PointCoefficient of Thermal ExpansionShrinkage

Westermann Tables

Specific weight = Weight per unit volume (gf/cm3 or kgf/dm3)

1

Melting point (Fusion point) = Temperature at which particular material starts melting

1 C

1
Materials Material Steel Cast steel Grey cast iron High-speed steel Tungsten carbide Constantan Invar (36% Ni) Brass Al bronze Al cast bronze Tin bronze Lead bronze Al-alloy (Al, Cu, Mg) Mg-alloy Babbitt metal Plexiglass 11501250 2000 2000
1600

Coefficient of linear (thermal) = Increase in length of unit length of a solid for temperature rise of 1C. expansion

Specific weight gf/cm 3 Melting point C 13501450 Iron and Steel Chrome steel Nickel steel Tungsten carbide Invar Chromium Constantan Electron Aluminium Magnesium Gold Silver Zinc Tin Lead Nickel Platinum Brass Brouce Plexiglass Glass Porcelain 1450
900

Material 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 012 010 012 006 0015 007 015 024 023 026 014 019 030 023 029 013 009 018 017 010 008 003

Coefficient of linear expansion

7.85 7.85 7.2 9.0 14.75 8.89 8.7 8.5 8.4 7.6 8.6 9.5 2.8 1.8 7.5...10.1 1.2
900
650 650 300400

Alcohol at 18C Petrol at 15C Copper sulphate Water at 4C 0 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 84 78 194 43 Acetylene at 0C Carbon dioxide at 0C Air at 0C Propane at 0C 1.17 1.90 1.29 2.00

0.79 0.72 1.11 1.0

110 150

Shrinkage = difference in volume of the mould compared with the volume of the casting after cooling, in percent Material Grey cast iron Cast steel Malleable iron Brouce Gun metal Shrinkage 1% 2% 1.6% 1.5% 1.5% Material Brass Copper Tin, lead Zinc alloys Al, Mg alloys Shrinkage 1.5% 1% 1% 1.5% 1.25%

Westermann Tables
System of Designation of Iron and Steel
Steel < 0.5 % < 0.8 % < 0.1 % < 0.25% Alloy steels Steels required to receive heat treatment Carbon tool steels Low alloy steels < 5% special alloying element High alloy steels > 5% special alloying element Silicon Manganese Al or Ti or Copper > 0.5 % > 0.8 % > 0.1 % > 0.25%

IS:17621961 IS:48431968

Plain carbon steels

Steels not required to receive heat treatment

The System of Designation is as follows 1. Letter St 2. Minimum tensile strength in kgf/mm2 1. Letter C for Carbon 2. Index number for carbon following letter C, denoting average Carbon content in hundredths of a percent e.g. C 35 Carbon steel having an average of 0.35% Carbon e.g. T 90 Tool steel having an average of 0.90% Carbon e.g. 15 Cr 65 Chrome steel with average percentages of C = 0.15 and Cr = 0.65 Alloy index number is assigned as follows:
Nominal or average alloy content 1. Up to 1 percent. 2. 1 percent and over. Alloy index number Average alloy content up to 2 decimal places underlined by a bar Rounded to the nearest whole number. Up to 0.5 rounded down, 0.5 and over rounded up.

Letter T for Tool steels Index number for Carbon following letter T, denoting average Carbon content in hundredths of a percent e.g. 20 Cr 18 Ni 2 Chrome Nickel Steel with average percentages of C = 0.20; Cr = 18 and Ni = 2.00

1. Average C content in hundredths of a percent without prefix C and with prefix T for Alloy Tool Steels 2. Chemical symbols of the significant elements arranged in descending order of percentage contents 3. Alloy Index indicating the average percentage of each alloying element

e.g. St. 42 Steel having a minimum tensile strength of 42 kgf/mm2 Applicable for steels which are standardized on the basis of their tensile strength without detailed chemical composition System of Designation of Plain Castings Castings 1. Symbols indicating the type of castings 2. Symbol for mechanical properties OR 1. Symbols indicating the type of castings 2. Symbol for chemical composition similar to the designation of steels
CS-Steel Castings FG-Grey Iron Castings

Steels with special limits for maximum S & P, receive the suffix K, e.g. C 35 K

To indicate the treatment given to the steel, symbols are used, e.g. T 90a, a is used to indicate annealing (ref. Page 4, Add. symbols)

System of Designation of Alloy Castings 1. Symbols indicating the type of castings 2. Average carbon content in hundredths of a percent following the type symbols of castings 3. Chemical symbols for the significant elements arranged in descending order 4. Alloy index number for the average percentages of alloying elements

SG-Spherical or Nodular Graphite Iron Castings

Malleable Iron Castings

CS 125Unalloyed steel castings with minimum tensile strength 125 kgf/mm2 CSM 35Unalloyed special steel castings with minimum tensile strength 35 kgf/mm2 GS 50 Cr 1V 20Alloy steel castings with average percentage of C = 0.50; Cr = 1.00; V = 2.20 CSHHeat resistant steel castings CSCCorrosion resistant steel castings

FG 15Grey iron castings with minimum tensile strength 15 kgf/mm2 FG 35 Si 15Special grey iron castings with minimum total carbon percentage = 3.5 and average Silicon percentage = 1.50 AFGAustenitic flake graphite iron castings

SG 80/2Spheroidal or NoduBM 35Black heart malleable lar graphite iron castings with iron castings with minimum minimum Tensile strength 80 tensile strength 35 kgf/mm2 kgf/mm2 and minimum elongation PM 70Pearlitic malleable iron 2% on gauge length equal to five castings with minimum tensile times the diameter of test bar strength 70 kgf/mm2 WM 42White heart malleable iron castings with minimum tensile strength 42 kgf/mm2 ASGAustenitic spheroidal or nodular graphite iron castings ABRAbrasion resistant iron castings

Tensile strengths are on 30 mm Dia Test Bars as-cast.

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Additional symbols
Denoting special properties Steel quality ANon-ageing quality EStabilized against stress corrosion LControl cooled to ensure freedom from flakes DFully killed D2Semi killed e.g., St 42 AnNon-ageing steel with 42 kgf/mm2 15 Cr 3cChromium steel with average percentages minimum tensile strength-normalizedof C = 0.15, Cr = 3.0 and case carburized EElectric Furnace Steel; ROpen Hearth Steel; BOBasic Oxygen RRimming quality GGrain size controlled HHardenability controlled IInclusion controlled MStructural homogeneity guaranteed by Macro-etch test aAnnealed or softened cCase carburized dHard drawn, cold reduced hHot-rolled nNormalized oSpherodized pPatented qHardened and tempered sStress relieved tTempered Treatment given

Westermann Tables

Grey iron castings

IS:2101970 Transverse test Code for designation FG 15 FG 20 FG 25 FG 30 FG 35 FG 40 15 20 25 30 35 40 15 20 25 30 35 40 800 900 1000 1100 1350 1500 34.0 38.2 42.4 46.7 57.3 63.7 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 Parts requiring no special grades for general structural purposes Parts subjected to severe strains such as cylinder parts, etc. For extraordinary use IS:21081962 IS:26401964 IS:21071962 Phosphorous contact % Max 0.12 0.20 0.12 0.12 0.15 0.15 Typical applications Grades Tensile strength Min, kgf/mm2 Breaking load Min, kgf Corresponding transverse rupture stress kgf/mm2 Deflection Min, mm Typical applications

} }

Malleable iron castings

Code for designation BM 35 BM 30 PM 70 PM 45 WM 42 WM 35 A C A E A B 35 30 70 45 42 35 21 55 28 26 14 6 2 7 4 3 149 163 241 to 285 149 to 201 217 217 Grades Tensile strength, Min, kgf/mm2 0.5% Proof stress, Min, kgf/mm2 Elongation % (gauge length = 3 dia of test bars) Min Brinell hardness HB Max

Thin walled castings; mass production parts wheels, keys, Parts for locks and sewing machine parts.

Steel castings
Code for designation CS 55 CS 47 CS 41 CS 65 CS 85 CS 125 1 2 3 65 85 125 17 12 5 0.050 0.050 0.050 1 2 3 55 47 41 12 17 18 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.050 0.050 0.050 Grades Tensile strength Min, kgf/mm2 Elongation % on gauge length 5.65 S0 , Min, S % Max P % Max Typical applications

IS:10301962

Used for general engineering purposes instead of grey iron castings if greater strength and tenacity are to be met. High strength, good toughness and high abrasion resistance properties; used in transportation equipment and agricultural machinery parts. IS:30381965 IS:28561964

Alloy steel castings for high temperature service

Grades Tensile Elongation % Yield stress or 0.5% proof strength on 5.56 S0 gauge Min, kgf/mm2 length, Min stress Min, kgf/mm2 55 47 52 49 52 63 63 42 49 20 18 17 17 15 17 17 15 15 35 25 31 28 31 43 43 21 25 C% Si % Mn % S% Max 0.200.25 0.25 Max 0.15 Max 0.20 Max 0.080.15 0.20 Max 0.20 Max 0.25 Max 0.30 Max 0.154.40 0.200.50 0.40 Max 0.60 Max 0.35 Max 0.75 Max 1.00 Max 1.251.45 0.501.00 0.400.80 0.500.80 0.300.70 0.400.70 0.300.70 0.60 Max 0.70 Max 0.60 Max 1.00 Max 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 P% Max 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050

Typical applications

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 CSNC20 CSwC25

Cast parts which preferably are to withstand temperatures between 300C to 525C

Parts which to be fusion welded

Westermann Tables
Specification on Structural and Heat treatable Steels General structural steels
IS:19771969; IS:20621969 IS: 2261969; IS: 9611962 Elongation % on gauge length 5.65 S0 , Min Typical applications Intended for general engineering purposes. Intended for all types of structures weldable upon certain conditions. Can be subjected to fusion welding. Intended for use in structures where fabrication is done by methods other than welding. Intended for use in structures where welding is employed for fabrication and where guaranteed weldability is required. 26 23 23 23 20 0.20 0.27 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.25 0.07 0.07 0.055 0.07 0.07 0.055 C% Max S% Max P% Max Designation of steel St 32O St 42O St 42S St 42W St 58HT 4254 58 Min 26.0 36.0 24.0 35.0 3244 4254 4254 26.0 26.0 24.0 Tensile strength kgf/mm2 Yield strength for thicknesses upto 20 mm 2040 mm

St 55HTW

55 Min

36.0

35.0

20

0.20

0.055

0.055

Standard sizes of hot-rolled products made of general structural steels IS Number

Page 21 22 20 20 IS: 44321967 Temperatures for Carburizing Softening Case hardening 760780 760780 770800 810840 810840 780820 780820 760780 760780 760780 780820 780820 780820 800820 800920 870900 850880 850880 850880 850880 860880 860880 860880 860880 850880 900920 900930 900930 900930 900930 880920 900930 900930 900930 880920 880920 900930 900930 900930 650680 650680 650680 650680 650680 650680 650660 620650 600630 650660 650660 630650 630650 630650 C Annealing Typical applications 1732 1863 1864 3954 Round and square bars Bulb plates Unequal angles Channel sections for general engineering purposes 19 21 22 IS Number Product Page 808 1173 1252 1730 1731 Beam, channel and angle sections Tee bars Bulb angles Plates, sheet and strip Flats

Product

Case hardening steels

Designation of steel C10, C14, 19 S11 14 Mn IS14, 11Mn2 15 Cr 65 17 Mn 1 Cr 95 20 Mn Cr 1 16 Ni 80 Cr 60 16 Ni 1 Cr 80 13 Ni 3 Cr 80 15 Ni 4 Cr 1 20 Ni 2 Mo 25 20 Ni55 Cr50 Mo 20 15 Ni Cr 1 Mo 12 15 Ni 2 Cr 1 Mo 15 16 Ni Cr 2 Mo 20 50 60 60 80 100 70 85 85 135 85 90 100 110 135 17 17 13 10 8 15 12 12 9 12 11 9 9 9 Case hardened Tensile strength Elongation % Min Min kgf/mm2

These steels are used for components requiring high wear resistant surfaces, coupled with tough cores to resist shock loads and strength to give longer service life.

Flame and induction hardening steels

Designation of steel Properties in quenched and tempered conditions Tensile range 0.2% proof Izod impact Surface stress, Min Min. kgf.m hardness kgf/mm2 kgf/mm2 obtainable HRC 60 to 75 70 to 85 70 to 85 60 to 75 70 to 85 80 to 95 80 to 95 80 to 95 80 to 95 90 to 105 90 to 105 36 44 40 40 46 56 48 48 56 66 66 5.5 3.5 2.8 4.8 4.8 5.5 2.8 2.8 5.5 5.5 5.5 4550 5561 6063 5359 5359 5359 5762 5762 5460 5460 4954 Hardening temperature For oil For water quench quench

IS: 3930-1966
Typical applications

C 30 C 45 T 70 37 Mn 2 40 Mn 2S 12 35 Mn 2 Mo 45 50 Cr 1 50 Cr 1 V23 40 Ni 3 40 Ni2 Cr 1 Mo 28 31 Ni3 Cr 65 Mo 55

860890 830860 810840 850870 850870 840860 850870 850870 830860 830840 850880

860890 820850 780810 840860 840860 830850 840860 840860 840870 810830 820840

These wrought unalloyed and alloyed steels for flame and induction hardening are used when high cold strength and good impact properties are required.

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Steels for hardening and tempering
Properties in hardened and tempered condition Designation of steel C 30 C 35 Mn 75 C 40 C 45 C 50 C 55 Mn 75 40 S 18 40 Mn 2 S12 20 Mn 2 27 Mn 2 35 Mn 2 Mo 45 55 Cr 70 40 Cr 1 40 Cr 1 Mo 28 40 Cr Al I Mo 18 40 Ni 3 35 Ni 1 Cr 60 30Ni4 Cr 1 40Ni 2 Cr 1 Mo 28 31Ni 3 Cr 65 Mo 55 40 Ni 3 Cr 65 Mo 55 120 to 135 830 to 850 830 to 850 Oil upto 660 60 to 75 60 to 75 60 to 75 60 to 75 80 to 95 80 to 95 70 to 85 60 to 75 60 to 75 70 to 85 100 to 115 90 to 105 80 to 95 80 to 95 90 to 105 90 to 105 90 to 105 120 to 135 120 to 135 120 to 135 40 40 38 38 54 54 48 40 44 46 80 66 60 60 70 70 70 130 130 10 0 130 860 to 890 850 to 880 830 to 860 830 to 860 810 to 840 810 to 840 830 to 860 840 to 870 860 to 900 840 to 880 800 to 850 850 to 880 850 to 880 830 to 860 860 to 890 840 to 880 830 to 860 830 to 860 810 to 840 810 to 840 830 to 860 840 to 870 860 to 900 840 to 880 840 to 860 800 to 850 850 to 880 850 to 880 850 to 900 850 to 860 820 to 850 810 to 830 830 to 850 830 to 850 Water or oil Water or oil Water or oil Water or oil Oil Oil Oil Oil Water or oil Water or oil Oil Oil Oil Oil Oil Oil Water or oil Air or oil Oil Oil 550 to 660 530 to 760 550 to 660 530 to 670 550 to 660 550 to 660 550 to 660 550 to 660 550 to 660 550 to 660 550 to 660 500 to 700 550 to 700 550 to 720 550 to 700 550 to 650 550 to 660 > 250 550 to 660 upto 660 These wrought unalloyed and alloyed steels in the form of billets and bars for general engineering purposes are intended to be used in the hardened and tempered condition Tensile strength kgf/mm2 Yield Normalizing stress Min, temperature kgf/mm2 C Hardening temperature C Quenching medium Tempering temperature C Typical applications

Westermann Tables
IS: 55171969

Cold rolled carbon steel sheets IS: 5131963 Tensile strength (for design purpose only) kgf/mm2 28 28 28 0.10 0.50 0.040 0.040 (2) Improved surface (3) Best surface 0.15 0.12 0.50 0.060 0.050 0.060 0.050 (1) Scale-free Coarse or rough Medium or dull Fine or bright C% Max Mn % Max S% Max P% Max For all types Delivery Surface condition finish Typical applications

Types

O: Ordinary D: Drawing DD: Deep drawing EDD: Extra deep drawing 28 0.10 0.50 0.035 0.035

Course or rough for enamelling and lacquering Medium or dull for general purposes (not suitable for plating) Fine or bright for electroplating

Note: Sheet conforming to this standard are of weldable quality and are suitable both for fusion and spot welding. Hot rolled carbon steel sheet and strip IS: 10791968 Grade O-1079 D-1079 DD-1079 EDD-1079 St 34-1079 St 42-1079 St 50-1079 St 52-1079 2740 2739 3442 4250 5060 5262 21.0 24.0 30.0 36.0 Tensile strength kgf/mm 2 23 25 25 22 20 20 Yield stress kgf/mm2 Elongation % Min C% Max 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.30 0.22 Mn% Max 0.50 0.50 0.50 S% Max 0.060 0.050 0.040 0.035 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 P% Max 0.060 0.050 0.040 0.035 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 Delivery condition Hot-rolled Annealed Normalized and Descaled Typical applications Used for cold formed structural members and for other general engineering purposes

Westermann Tables
Spring steel Designation of steel 50 Cr IV 23 55 Si 2 Mn 90 1 2 0.450.55 0.500.60 0.500.80 0.801.00 0.100.35 1.502.00 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.901.20 0.10.30 Steels in the form of Barm and flats for manufacture of volute, helical and laminated springs for automative suspension. IS: 25071965 Annealed at C Typical applications Grade C% Mn % Si % S % max P % max Cr % V% Typical applications Hot-rolled spring steel IS:34311965

Cold-rolled steel strip for springs Grade Designation of steel C 45 C 65 C 75 C 98 55 Si 2 Mn 90 50 Cr I 50 Cr IV 23 Spring steels for use under elevated temperatures Grades 1S 1D 2S 2D Steels for Screws Manufacture Carbon steel wire for the manufacture of machine screws Designation of steel 1 2 0.15 0.15 0.300.65 0.300.65 0.065 0.065 0.060 0.060 4455 kgf/mm2 5571 kgf/mm2 Grade Tensile strength C % max Mn % S % max P % max Typical applications Used for the manufacture of machine screws by the cold reading process. IS: 19761960 S denotes static stressed springs; D denotes dynamic stressed springs 150 145 175 175 0.450.55 0.450.55 0.500.60 0.500.60 0.150.35 0.150.35 1.201.60 1.201.60 0.901.20 0.901.20 0.500.80 0.500.80 0.150.30 0.150.00 Used for manufacturing cold formed helical springs, volute springs, etc. working under elevated temperatures. Classification Tensile strength (for wire dia up to 7 mm) min C% Si % Cr % Va % Typical applications IS:44541967 1 3 5 8 9 10 11 120145 120145 120160 160180 160200 170230 190240 60 60 65 70 80 80 80 0.400.50 0.600.70 0.700.80 0.901.05 0.500.60 0.450.55 0.450.55 0.100.35 0.100.35 0.100.35 0.100.35 1.502.00 0.100.35 0.100.35 830860 810840 780810 770800 830860 830860 830860 600650 600650 600650 620660 640680 640680 600680 Cold rolled steel strip for the manufacture of springs for various purposes. Tensile strength kgf/mm 2 Hardened Annealed and tempered max C% Si% Hardened in oil at C

Carbon steel wire for the manufacture of wood screws

C10 C 15 10 S 11 Boilor Steel Plates Grades Tensile strength kgf/mm2 min Elongation % min 26 25 20 Tensile strength Elongation (normalised and % min tempered) N/mm2 min 440590 440590 490640 460610 Yield strength min kgf/mm 2 29.5 32.3 36.6 22 22 16 15 C% Si % 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.100.35 0.100.35 0.100.35 0.040 0.050 0.050 C% max Si % S % max 1 2A 2B Seamless Steel Pipes Designation of steel 16 Mo 30 15 Cr 90 Mo 55 10 Cr 5 Mo 55 14 Cr 45 Mo 60 V 27 Seamless Steel Pipes Designation of steel Y St 30 Y St 32 Y St 37 42.2 44.3 46.4 Tensile strength min kgf/mm 2 C% max 0.29 0.31 0.29 3745 4250 5262 P % max 0.040 0.050 0.050 S% max 460 N/mm2 460 N/mm2 460 N/mm2 0.17 0.22 0.17 0.300.65 0.300.65 0.600.95 0.055 0.055 0.080.15 0.055 0.055 0.055

IS: 16731960
Used for the manufacture of wood screws by the cold heading process. IS: 20021962 Typical applications

Plates which are required to be either welded, flanged or flame cut plates of non-flanging quality (low tensile) Plates of non-flanging quality (high tensile) IS: 20021962 P% max Typical applications

For high-temperature service

0.120.20 0.100.20 0.15 max 0.100.35 C% max 1.25 1.35 1.25

0.120.35 0.100.35 0.55 max 0.100.35 S% max 0.04 0.04 0.04

0.040 0.040 0.030 0.040 For high test line pipes

0.040 0.040 0.030 0.040 P% max 0.05 0.05 0.05

Used when the wall of pipes reach temperatures up to 580 C and are exposed to high pressure; can be fused and are welded; can be bent or folded in cold state. IS: 19791971 Typical applications Cover pipes intended for use in oil industry.

For dimensional requirements IS: 4431; 2507; 2591; 2002; 6630; 1979 may be referred

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Cold Rolled Steel Strips for general engineering purposes Temper of strips No. 1Hard No. 2Half Hard No. 3Quarter Hard No. 4Skin Rolled No. 5Dead Soft Steels for Rivet Bars Designation of steel St 42 R St 47 R 47 min 22 0.23 0.055 0.055 42 to 54 23 0.23 0.055 0.055 For manufacture of hot forged rivets for structural purposes. High tensile steel rivet bars for structural purposes IS:44311967
Elongation % min 24 22 20 17 22 15 0.200.30 0.350.45 0.080.18 0.350.45 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.10 max 0.25 max 1.00 to 1.50 0.80 to 1.20 0.80 to 1.20 1.30 to 1.70 0.10 to 0.18 0.14 to 0.22 0.22 to 0.30 0.08 to 0.15 0.15 max 0.050.30 0.60 to 0.90 0.08 to 0.13 0.100.18 0.050.30 1.20 to 1.50 0.10 to 0.18 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 C% Si % Mn % S% P% max Typical applications

Westermann Tables
IS:40301967 S% max 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.040 0.040 (c) Fine or bright Fine or bright for electroplating 0.040 0.040 (b) Medium or dull Medium or dull for general purpose 0.040 (a) Coarse or rough Coarse or rough for enamelling and lacquering P% max Surface finish Typical applications

Rockwell hardness (B Scale) Min Max 90 70 60 55 0.15 0.60 65 0.15 0.60 75 0.25 0.60 90 0.25 0.60 0.25 0.60

C% max

Mn % max

IS: 11481973 IS: 11491973 Elongation % min C% max S% max P% max Typical applications

Tensile strength kgf/mm2

Free Cutting Steels

Designation of steel 10 S 11 14 Mn 1S 14 25 Mn 1S 14 40 S 18 13 S 25 40 Mn 2 S 12 5060 5565 3749 6070 3749 4454 Tensile strength kgf/mm2

Suitable also for case hardening These have good machinability and satisfactory chip-break (Rapid machining steel for repetition work)

Black Bars for production of machined parts

Designation of steel C 14 C 20 C 30 C 40 C 45 C 55 Mn 75 C 65 75 min 10 6371 72 min 15 13 4452 5060 5868 24 21 18 0.150.25 0.250.35 0.350.45 0.400.50 0.500.60 0.600.70 3745 26 0.100.18 0.050.35 0.050.35 0.050.35 0.050.35 0.050.35 0.050.35 Tensile strength kgf/mm2 Elongation % min C% Si % Mn % S% max 0.400.70 0.600.90 0.600.90 0.600.90 0.600.90 0.600.90 0.500.80 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 P% max 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055

IS:20731970
Typical applications

These types are carbon steel black bars for production of machined parts for general engineering purposes

Westermann Tables
Symbolic Designation
of essential properties of materials (iron and steel) Examples and Explanations IS No. Title See Page Designation (example) St 320 St 420 St 42S St 42Sc St 42Kw St 42W St 55HTw St 42R Grade 1 Grade 2 A Grade 2 B C 30 T 50a C 35 Mn 75 St = Steel; 32 kgf/mm 2 minimum tensile strength O = Ordinary quality 42 kgf/mm 2 minimum tensile strength S = Standard quality c = Copper bearing quality K = Special limits for max P and S w = Weldable W = Fusion welding quality HT = High tensile steel w = Fusion weldable R = Rivet bars Plates required to be welded, flanged or flame-out Non-flanging quality (low tensile) do (high tensile) C = Carbon 30 = Average C contents 0.30% T = Tool steel; a = annealed C35 = Average carbon content 0.35% Mn 75 = Average manganese of 0.75%, represented without decimal point, underlined by a bar. (Applicable for alloying element upto 1%) C = Carbon; c = case carburized Carbon average 0.11%; Manganese average 1.5%. (Average alloy content more than 1% is rounded to the nearest whole number, upto 0.5 rounded down; 0.5 and over rounded up. = Hot rolled h q S O J F = Hardened and tempered = Static stressed springs; D = Dynamic stressed = Ordinary; D = Drawn; DD = Deep drawn EDD = Extra deep drawn = Bright drawn or bright rolled; J2 = Precision ground; J3 = descalled; J4 = shot blast = Black sheet; F3 = Pickled surface; F7 = Cold finished; F2 = Black sheet for enamelling and galvanizing = Cast steel-unalloyed; 125 = Minimum tensile strength 125 kgf/mm2 = Grey iron castings; 15 = Minimum tensile strength 15 kgf/mm2 = Black heart malleable iron castings 6 6 F; F2 F3; F7 4 4 4 4 4 CS 125 FG 15 BM 35 PM 70 WM 42 CS FG BM PM WM = Pearlitic malleable iron castings = White heart malleable iron casting. For castings tensile strengths are on 30 mm dia test bars as cast Explanations

1977 1977 226 226 226 2062 961 1148 2002 2002 2002 5517 5517 5517 Rivet steels Boiler plates do do Heat-treatable steels do do 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 do do 5 5 do do do 5 5 5

Structural steels do

5 5

4432 4432

Case-hardening steels do

5 5

C 10c 11 Mn 2

3431 2507 4454 1079 513 513 6 0; D; DD; EDD J; J2 J3; J4 7 1S; 1D 7

Hot Rolled steels for springs Cold rolled steels strips for springs High temperature steels for springs Hot rolled carbon steel sheet and strip Cold rolled carbon steel sheets do

55 Si 2 Mn 90h C 45q

1030 210 2108 2640 2107 Malleable iron castings do do Grey iron castings

Steel castings

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Tool and dye steels
Tool and dye steels for hot work
Designation of steel C% Si % Mn % Cr % Mo % V% W% Brinell hardness (annealed) HB, max 241 229 229 229 248 copper etc. blades, trimmer dyes, dye-casting dyes for hot swaging dyes, forging dye inserts, brass forging dyes, hot shear Used for extrusion dyes, Typical application

Westermann Tables

IS:37481966

T33W9Cr3V38 0.250.40 0.300.40 0.300.40 0.300.40 0.500.60 0.100.35 0.200.40 2.803.30 0.300.40 13.015.0 0.801.20 0.801.20 0.801.20 0.250.50 0.250.50 0.250.50 4.755.25 4.755.25 4.755.25 1.201.60 1.201.60 1.201.60 0.200.40 1.0012.0 0.200.40 1.201.60 0.100.35 0.200.40 2.803.30 0.250.50 8.0010.0 T35Cr5MolV30 T35Cr5MoV1 T35Cr5MoW1V30 T55W14Cr3V45

Tool and dye steels for cold work

T50 T60 T70Mn 65 T80Mn 65 T90 T103 T133 T90V23 T118Cr45 T105Cr1Mn60 T140W4Cr50 T55Ni2Cr65Mo30 T105W2Cr60V25 T110W2Cr1 T90Mn2W50Cr45 T215Cr12 T45Cr1Si95 T55Cr70V15 T55Si2Mn90Mo 33 0.500.60 T40W2Cr1V18 0.350.45 T50W2Cr1V18 0.450.55 0.501.00 0.200.40 1.001.50 1.502.00 0.501.00 0.801.00 0.200.40 1.001.50 0.250.40 0.120.20 0.100.25 0.100.25 2.002.30 0.400.50 0.500.60 0.100.35 0.801.10 0.100.35 0.250.50 0.550.75 0.600.80 11.013.0 1.201.60 0.600.80 0.80 max 0.80 max 0.100.20 1.752.25 1.752.25 0.901.20 1.001.20 0.850.95 0.100.35 0.100.35 0.100.35 0.250.50 0.250.50 1.251.75 0.400.80 0.901.30 0.300.60 0.25 max 0.200.30 0.25 max 1.251.75 1.251.75 0.400.60 230 230 230 260 230 230 230 230 230 0.901.20 1.301.50 0.500.60 0.100.35 0.100.35 0.100.35 0.400.80 0.250.50 0.500.80 1.001.60 0.300.70 0.500.80 0.250.35 3.504.20 230 250 255 1.251.40 0.850.95 1.101.25 0.100.30 0.100.30 0.100.30 0.200.35 0.200.35 0.200.35 0.300.60 0.150.30 0.30 max 210 200 200 0.750.85 0.850.95 0.951.10 0.100.35 0.100.30 0.100.30 0.500.80 0.200.35 0.200.35 240 200 200 in the form of bars, blanks, rings, and other shapes for cold work, capable of being hardened and tempered. These are used for the making tools and dyes for blanking, trimming, shaping and shearing. 0.500.60 0.650.75 0.100.35 0.100.35 0.600.90 0.500.80 240 240 for plain carbon and alloy tool and dye steels 0.450.55 0.100.35 0.600.90 240 Covers the requirements

IS:37491966

Steels for dye blocks for drop forgings

Designation of steel C% Si % Mn % Ni % Cr % Mo % Brinell hardness HB Annealed max T60 T60Ni1 T55NiCr65 T50NiCr35 0.480.53 0.150.35 0.550.65 0.500.60 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.550.65 0.150.35 0.500.80 0.500.80 0.500.80 0.450.65 1.01.4 1.251.65 0.801.00 0.500.80 0.801.00 0.300.40 209 209 230 255 Hardened and tempered 212269 212269 235302 269477 Steel for dye blocks in square, rectangular and sections for drop forgings. Typical applications

Westermann Tables
Classification of carbide tips according to their range of application
Designation Range of application Material to be machined Steel, steel casting Steel, steel casting Steel, steel casting, malleable cast iron forming long chips Steel, steel casting, malleable cast iron forming long chips Steel, steel castings with sand inclusions or shrinkage cavities Turning, planning, shaping. Cutting speed: low. Feed: high. Rake angle: high, for machining under unfavourable conditions and work on automatic machines Turning, planning, shaping. Cutting speed: low. Feed: high. Rake angle large for machining under unfavourable conditions and work on automatic machines Turning. Cutting speed: medium to high. Feed: low to medium Turning, milling. Cutting speed: medium. Feed: medium Turning, milling. Cutting speed and feed: medium. Planning: with low feed rate Turning, planning, milling. Cutting speed: medium to low. Feed: medium to high even if operating conditions are unfavourable Turning, threading and milling Cutting speed: high. Feed: low or medium Precision turning and fine boring Cutting speed: high, Feed: low Machining conditions Identification colour P01 P10 P20 Resistance to wear Toughness P30 Feed Cutting speed Carbide tip Cutting Increasing direction of the characteristic of

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(IS: 24281964)

P40

P50

Steel, steel castings of medium or low tensile strength with sand inclusions or shrinkage cavities Steel, steel castings, manganese steel, grey cast iron, alloyed cast iron. Cutting speed Toughness Steel, steel casting, austenitic steel, manganese steel, grey cast iron, spheroidised cast iron and malleable cast iron Steel, steel casting, austenitic steel, grey cast iron, heat resisting alloys Free cutting steel, low tensile strength steel, brass and light alloy Very hard grey cast iron, chilled castings of hardness up to 60 HRC. Aluminium alloys with high silicon content, hardened steel, plastics of abrasive type, hard board and ceramics Grey cast iron of hardness more than 220 HB, malleable cast iron forming short chips, tempered steel, aluminium alloys containing silicon, copper alloys plastics, glass, hard rubber, hard cardboard, porcelain, stone Grey cast iron of hardness up to 220 HB, non-ferrous metals, such as copper, brass, aluminium, laminated wood of abrasive type Soft grey cast iron, low tensile strength steel, laminated wood Soft or hard natural wood, nonferrous, metals

M10 Resistance to wear

M20 Feed

M30 M40 K01

Turning, milling, planning. Cutting speed: medium. Feed: medium or high Turning, profile turning, parting off especially in automatic machines Turning, precision turning and boring, milling, scraping

K10 Resistance to wear

Turning, milling, boring, reaming, broaching, scraping

Cutting speed Feed

K20

Toughness

Turning, milling, planning, reaming, broaching

K30

Turning, planning, shaping, milling. Rake angle: large even under unfavourable conditions Turning, milling, planning, shaping. Rake angle: large even under unfavourable machining conditions

K40

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Nomenclature Copper Electrolytic tough pitch copper Fire refined high conductivity copper Fire refined tough pitch copper Tough pitch arsenical copper Oxygen free high conductivity copper Lead Pig lead Pig lead Zinc Refined secondary zinc Refined secondary zinc Tin Refined secondary tin Refined secondary tin Aluminium Aluminium Aluminium F1B 99.5% Al More resistant to corrosion F1A 99.8% Al Tensile strength 5.5 kgf/mm2 Sn 96 96% Sn to foils For alloying IS: 7341967 May be cast, weldable Available in the form of sheets, plates, tubes, wires, forgings. Used for cladding, on stronger alloys, food and chemical plants, electrical conductors and reflectors Available in the form of sheets, plates, tubes, wires, rods and forgings. Used for panelling and moulding, lightly stressed and decorative assemblies, equipment for food, chemical and brewing industries, packing and cooking utensils 99% Al Excellent, electrical, conductivity, resistant to corrosion. For induction motor, rotors, power transmission cable accessories, vessels and fittings for food and chemical industries Sn 99 99% Sn Soft, can be cast, rolled For plating, casting IS: 42801967 SZn 98.5 98.5% Zn to corrosion For galvanizing SZn 99.5 99.5% Zn Can be cast, resistant For alloying IS: 46991968 Pb 98.94 99.94% Pb soldered and welded For alloying Pb 99.99 99.99% Pb Soft, can be cast, Plates in storage batt IS: 271965 ATP OF 99.2% Cu 99.95% Cu Good bearing property High conductivity For bearings For conductors FRTP1 FRTP2 99.8% Cu 99.5% Cu Easy to cast For castings ETP FRHC 99.9% Cu 99.9% Cu Soft High conductivity For electrical parts For conductors IS: 1911967 Grade Minimum contents Physical properties Typical applications

Westermann Tables

Aluminium

F1C

99.0% Al

Very ductile, resistant to corrosion, good conductor.

Aluminium (commercial quality)

AO