...

f= 1

f=

= 2

=2f

...
1. :
= (t + 0) 0 = 0:

= t

2.
u=umax(t + 0) umax=A ( )
0=0: u=umaxt
3.
=-max(t+0) max=2 ( )
0=0: =-max t
=-max(t+0)=-2(t+0) =-2
...
1. ( )
F=F =m= -mmax t= -Fmax t
F = F = m = - m 2 = - D
D=m2

2.
2
2
m T = 2 m
D = m2 D = m 2 D = m 4 T2 = 42
2

D

...
1.
U =

1
2

D 2

Umax =

U U =

1
2

D A2

D A2 2t U = E 2t

2.
=

1
2

m u2

Kmax =

K K =

1
2

1
2

m umax
2

m umax 2t K = E 2t

3. ()
=

1
2

D A2 =

1
2

m umax

E = Umax = Kmax

u = A2 -2

(t=0): q=Q i=0

1.
q=Q (t+ )=Q t
2

2.
i=I (t+ )=-I t I=Q ( )
2

3. :

T=2 LC f =

2 LC

4. :
= 2 f =

LC

5.
U =

1 q

U,

2 C

UE UE =
6.

UB =

1 Q

2 C

L i2

UB

max

UB,
UB =

1
2

1 Q

2 C

2t UE = E 2t

max

1
2

L I2

L I2 2t UB = E 2t

7.

1 Q2
1
=
L I2
2 C
2

E = UE,

max

= UB,

max

= UE + UB

t = 0 q=0 i > 0,
0 = 0 :
1.
q = Q (t + 0) = Q t
2.
i=I (t+0)=I t I=Q ( )

F=-bu, :

.
t = , (=0,1,..) = b (s-1)
2m
, .
= 0 e-t,

A
+1

A0 e

=e+(+1)=e++=eT=. (=0,1,)

- (+1)

0 e

.
=

1
2

D =

1
2

D 0 e-2t =0 e-2t t=, (=0,1,) =

E
E+1

- 2

E0 e

- 2 (+1)

E0 e

b
2m

= e2 +2 (+1)=e2 +2 +2 =e2 T=. (=0,1,)

.
Q = Q0 e-t,

t = , (=0,1,) =

R
2L

f f0
.

1. ,
.
1=1 t

2=2 (t + )

: = (t + )
2
= A2 + A2 + 2 A A , =
1

1 + 2

(t+)t= .
2. ,
.
1 = 1t

2 = 2t
1 2

( ): =2A 1 - 2 t 1 + 2
t

2
2
: = 2A
1 -2

: = 1 + 2 t
2
: = 1 + 2
2

: f = f1 + f2

: = 1
f

2
f1 + f2

( )
.

: =
1
f1 - f2

: f = f - f
1
2

1.

u = f =

: ( t=0, =0 u>0)

= 2 t
-
T

= 2 t
+

u = 2 t
-
T

.
.
.

= - 2 2 t

-
T

.-

= 2
-
T
= 2

= 2

.
.

.
2.
r1 - r2

=2

=2

r1 - r2

t r1 + r2

T 2

 t r1 + r2

T 2

=2

.
.

u=
= - 2

( = 2A).

r1 - r2 =N ( =0,1,2,3,..)

( = 0)

r1 - r2 =(2N+1)

(=0,1,2,3,)

3.
2 t
= 2 2

= 2A
2 t

u==2f2 2 2 t

=-2=-42f22 2 2 t
T

= (2 + 1)

( ).

(=0,1,2,3,)

(=0,1,2,3,)

4.
= max 2 t -

= max

.
.

= c

T
2 t -

max = c
max

5.
, f,
u c = f .

= ,
=

Snell: n = n

n = c

n = 0

900. ncr=n900cr=

n
n

:
1. .
2. ( > cr.)

: u=

ds

(m/s)

dt

: u=
: =

d
dt

ds

: =

dt

dR
dt

d
dt

d
dt

(rad/s)

Ru=R.

(rad/s2).
du

d( R)

R d

=R =R
dt
dt
dt
, :

d ds = R d :
d = ds = R d

, ,
, :

: =

d = ds = R d

dt

ds
dt

R d
dt

u = ucm = R

- :

( m)
r

ucm

( rad)
r

d
r
ucm =
dt

r
r
cm r = ducm
cm

m
r
F
r r
r
p p = m ucm

dt

d
= dt

r
r
r = d

dt

( = mi ri )
r
( = F d)
r
L (L = I )

:

: = ucm t

ucm=u0cmt

=u0t

1
2

cmt2

=0t

: F = m cm
:

r dpr
F =
dt

: = t

=0t

1
2

t2

: =
r
: =

r
dL
dt

r
: F=0 p =. : =0 L=.

: =

1
2

m ucm

: =

:
r
r
r
F = 0)

F = 0 ( F = 0

1
2

r
= 0

(Steiner): = cm + M d2
cm
M, ,
d .


W =

P =
1

2 2 -

1
2

1 1 = W

V1= 2 m2

m1 +m2

u2 +

m1 -m2
u1
m1 +m2

V2= 2 m1

u1 +

m1 +m2

m2 -m1
u2
m1 +m2

m2 (u2 = 0)

m1 - m2

V1 =

m1 + m2

u1

V2 =

2 m1
m1 + m2

u1

(m1=m2),

2 m1
m -m
u2 + 1 1 u1 V1 = 2 m1 u2 V1 = u2
m1 + m1
m1 + m1
2 m1
2
m
m
-m
V2 = 2 m1
V2 =
1
1
u1 V2 = u1
u1 + 1
u2
2 m1
m1 + m1
m1 + m1
V1 =

m2 (u2 = 0) m2 >> m1

V1 = - m2
m2

u1

V1 = - u1

V2 = 2 m1
V2 = 0
u1
m2

m1
, m2 .

fA=fS

fA=

DOPPLER

U UA
fS
U

(+), (-),
.

fA=

U m US

fS

(-), (+), .

U UA
fS
U US

fA=