Gio trnh V M Thut

TRN VN TM Trang 1

B GIO DC V O TO
I HC NNG
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA







GIO TRNH V M THUT 3,4

V MU
TI LIU THAM KHO DNH CHO SINH VIN HC NGNH
KIN TRC















BIN SON: GV. HS. TRN VN TM
NNG, 2007
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CHNG 1

V TRANG TR C BN
(mu bt).

1. CC LOI MU V V CCH S DNG.
1.1. Mu bt:
1.1.1. c im:
+ Cht mu c dng bt ha tan c trong nc (cc dng bt ny khng
gy phn ng ha hc na). Khi s dng cn gi c u im ca mu
bt l xp.
+ L mt trong nhng vt liu c bn nht ca hi ha v t bt mu,
ngi ta c th to ra sn du, mu nc v mt s loi mu v khc.
+ Trn vi keo dnh theo mt t l hp l vi tng cht liu v nh:
giy, vi, g, tng trt va...

H1a. Mu bt (dng bt). H2. Mu bt (dng tup).







H1b. Mu bt (dng bt).
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H3. V mu bt. Tri: Trn Vn Tm, Ma qut, 2002. Phi: Bi v sinh vin, Tranh c ng.

1.1.2. Cch s dng:
+ Ho mu vi keo dng sn st sao cho khi v ln giy t c cc yu
cu: trong tro ca mu, bm dnh, xp rc r.
+ Mun v c mu trong, trc ht phi t khi qut cc "mu gc" ca
thc t trn ton b bc tranh. V d: hoa cc mu vng, qu c rt mu
cam... T mu kn giy, khng cha li ch no, ng v tr mu. Sau
mi tm sng ti vi cc mu m thy trn thc t t ph ln mu
gc.
+ Cui cng v chi tit, ng thi kim tra li sc sng v ti, hnh t -
m.
1.1.2. Dng c v mu bt:
+ Giy v (b mt hi nhm mu d bm).
+ a pha mu v bt dt cc c (lng cng).
+ Keo dnh.
+ Nc ra bt.
+ Hp mu v gi k.
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H4. Cc loi bt dt, bng pha mu v gi v.

Trong trng hp gp mu kh tan c trong nc th cho thm vi git
ru. Hoc mu khng c mn th dng bay nghin trc khi pha mu.










H5. Bay nghin mu.
1.2. Mu nc:
1.2.1. c im:
+ Tan trong nc, khng c cn v trong sut, c tinh ch t mu bt.
Khi v, s dng nhiu cch nhm t c mc ch trong tro v mm
mi.
+ L mt cht liu c bn ca hi ha.
+ C th v ln c nhiu cht liu khc nhau nh: giy, vi, g
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H6. Hp mu nc dng thi. H7. Hp mu nc dng ng.







H8. Mu nc v trn giy nhm. H9. trong sut ca mu nc ging nh giy gng mu.

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H10. Hnh bn tri: Hoa, tranh Trung Quc, v mu nc trn giy.
H11. Hnh bn phi: Nguyn Phan Chnh, C b cho chim n, la, 1931.




H12. Hnh bn tri: Trn Vn Tm, Cng thn, la, 2000.
H13. Hnh bn phi: Hokusai, Cao Cao trc khi chin u, tranh Nht
Bn, v mu nc trn la, 1847.


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1.2.2. Cch s dng:
+ Pha long mu vi nhiu nc, tuyt i khng v mu c nh mu
bt. Dng cch chng mu t nht ln m gi c s trong tro ca
mu.
+ C hai cch pha mu. Cch th nht l chng mu, tc l t mu gc
trc. V d: Tri cam chn c mu cam th t mu vng trc, ri t
chng mu ln s cho ra mu cam. Cch th hai l pha sn mu cam
trn a pha mu ri t vo hnh.
+ Khng dng mu trng pha trn vi mu khc nh bt mu. Ch
nhng khi tht cn thit nh sa "gt" nhng ch v b hng, bn hoc
l khng t yu cu v sng... Nn gi mu trng y l cha li
nn trng ca giy v.
+ Cui cng l nhn m v lm nhe, m nhng ch cn thit.



H14. John Parnsworth, Nghin cu u nga. H15. Chan Chang How, Chn dung c gi.

Hai hnh ..trn cho thy k thut v mu ln giy m to loang nhe hay
to s sc nt khi v trn giy kh. Cn thy k thut chng mu t nht ln m
dn v vic cha li nn trng ca giy to mng sng.
1.2.3. Dng c v mu nc:
+ Giy bi sn ln bng v.
+ Bt cc c (thng u trn, lng mn).
+ Bng pha mu, hp mu, nc ra bt.
+ Gi v, bng v.
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H16. Giy v mu nc b mt nn hi nhm.




H17. Bng pha mu. H18. Bt v mu nc.

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H19. Cc loi gi v.

2. MU NGUYN, MU B TC.
2.1. Mu nguyn.
L mu khng b pha tp vi cc mu
khc.
V d: , vng, xanh nc bin...
Mu nguyn thng ch c dng trong
trang tr.

H20. Ba mu c bn cng l mu nguyn.

2.2. Mu b tc:
Mu b tc l hai mu gn nhau c kh nng h tr v tn nhau ln.
V d: Mu xanh gn mu th xanh cng xanh v cng mnh hn.
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H21. Ba cp mu b tc.

T n tng v mu sc trong thin nhin m ngi ta tm ra quy lut ca
mu b tc.
+ Xanh b tc cho v ngc li.
+ Lam (xanh nc bin) b tc cho da cam v ngc li.
+ Tm b tc cho vng v ngc li.
y ch l ba b mu b tc c bn. Ngoi ra, nhng b mu c sc thi ca
ba b mu trn cng c tc ng ca mu b tc nh: vng cam tm xanh;
vng lc tm ; lc xanh cam .
3. CC HA SC MU.
Ha sc c ngha l nhng mu gn nhau m n nhp, khng chi mt.
V d: Bn thn quang ph ca mt tri (, cam, vng, lc, lam, chm, tm)
l mt ho sc tt.
Nu ly i
nhng mu 2 thnh
phn (mu cp 2)
xanh l cy, da
cam, tm l nhng
mu dung ho ca
3 mu cn bn: ,
vng, lam th s
gy ra nhng i
chi t ngt, rt
chi mt. H22. Mu quang ph.

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Thm mu cp 3, ha sc s cng du hn.
C th n c 5 cch biu hin mu n nhp nhau:
+ Nhng mu gn nhau pha thnh mt mu khng xn (cht). V d: +
vng da cam.
+ Mt mu m m nht khc nhau do pha t hay nhiu en, trng. Cch ny
gi l sc ng mu.
+ Nhng mu cng h nng hay lnh.
+ Nhng mu i chi nhau, nhng cng trn nn du (thuc mu xm
hoc cch nhau bi mt mu trung lp) th mc rc mu s gim i.
+ Hai mu i chi nhau nhng c din tch to nh khc nhau, th mc
hn ch rc mu khc nhau.











H23. Gam mu lnh (trn), nng (di). H24. Mu v cc sc .

H25. Mu c bn v mu th cp. H26. Sc ng mu.

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4. PHNG PHP PHA MU.
- u tin nn nghin mu bng bay cho nhuyn (i vi mu bt hay sn
du) cng vi t l keo v nc (mu bt) hp l. Bt v phi sch pha mu
c chnh xc, trong tro.
- Thay i m, nht bng cch pha vi trng v en.
- Nu pha nhiu mu cng lc, trong y c nhng mu i nhau th d thnh
mu xn (cht). V vy, nn:
+ Lc u pha hai mu i nhau thnh mu hi xn, nhng sau li
pha thm vo mu ti.
+ Pha nhng mu ti trc, nu thy mu y thuc v h nng, hay lnh
th pha mu ca h kia vo theo . Nn cho t t, khng nn cho nhiu
ngay.
Ni chung, pha c mt mu theo mun th ngoi kh nng cm nhn
bm sinh ca mi ngi th iu quan trng vn l qu trnh tp luyn lu di. T
mi ngi s c cch pha mu ring v tm c cho mnh nhng gam mu
c o m p.
5. MU T THC.
L din t nhng mu ca thc t trong thin nhin thng qua nhn xt, cm
xc ca ngi v.
c trng ca mu sc t thc l khng cn trng thi nguyn cht v
khng c nhng mu ging nhau, d cng l mt cht mu nh nhau.












H27. Mu t thc. Tri: Vallotton, Tnh vt, sn du, 1923. Phi: Levitan, Con nc ma xun,
sn du, 1896.

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V d:
+ Mu thc l cy l xanh lc th khng th v thnh mu .
+ Mu ti trong trang tr s khng cn nguyn vn na nu trong thin
nhin. mi ni, mi thi im, mu ti y u c s khc nhau.
Do s tc ng ca nh sng xuyn qua khng kh to nn rt nhiu mu,
mi mu u c sng ti khc nhau. Khu vc sng th nh hng mu nng, khu
vc ti th nh hng mu lnh v mi vt u chu nh hng mu phn nh
ca nhng vt xung quanh.
V d: Mt ngi mc o th thy da d hng ho ln hn.
6. MU TRANG TR.
Mu sc ca trang tr cn bn khng ph thuc thin nhin. Ngi v c th
vn dng hon ton ch quan sng to thng qua nhng nguyn tc v mu
sc.
Mu sc trong trang tr c th dng nguyn cht hoc c pha trn khng hn
ch. Nhng phi tm mu cho hi ho hp dn v phi tu thuc vo tng th loi
dng cho ph hp vi ni dung.
V d:
+ Trang tr qung co, c ng phi dng mu ti, tng phn gy n
tng.
+ Trang tr khn qung ma h nn dng gam mu lnh to cm gic mt
m.














H28. Qung co rau, c. H29. Trang tr phong cnh.
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7. MU TRONG TRANH V MU THIN NHIN.
Mu trong tranh chnh l s th hin mu thin nhin, nhng so s bin i
khng ngng ca thi gian m khi quan st thc t, khng bao gi chng ta nhn
thc c mt mu thun khit v s thay i ca cc mu khc nhau theo thi
gian nn chng ta ch c th nhn thc c mu sc thc ca n mt cch tng
i m thi. Khi v phong cnh th s thnh cng ca ngi v l nm bt c
ci chung nht v ha sc ca thin nhin trong mt khong thi gian nht nh,
ha sc nh th no cn ph thuc vo , tm l, trng thi ca ngi v.
Chnh v vy m cng mt cnh vt y, cng thi gian y m mi ngi v
khng ai ging ai, c ngi v cho ta cm gic bun hay ngc li.

H30. Monet, Ca pha Ty nh th Rouen, sn du, 1894. S thay i ca mu sc mi thi im
khc nhau trn cng mt cnh vt t tri qua phi: Rng sng, bui sng, bui tra, bui chiu.

8. S KHC NHAU GIA V TRANH T THC V V TRANG TR.
8.1. V tranh t thc:
L s th hin li thc t ca
thin nhin, nn mu sc chuyn ho
khng ngng v th hin c ,
cm xc ca ngi v.







H31. Vermeer, Rt sa, sn du, 1669-1670:
Tranh t thc.
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8.2. V trang tr:
Ph thuc hon ton vo s sng to ca ngi v. M hai yu t quan
trng ca v trang tr l hnh v mu sc.
+ Hnh p l do s phi hp c nhp iu ca ng nt cong v thng
m c cch iu ho, cng iu ho to thnh.
+ Mu sc dng nng cao v hon thin hnh trang tr. S kt hp kho
lo gia cc mu s iu ho, cn i, thng bng b cc.













H32. Trn Vn Tm, Ph c Hi An, 2001: V trang tr.

9. PHNG PHP V TRANG TR .
9.1. Phng php b cc trang tr:
B cc mt hnh trang tr thng c my loi sau:
9.1.1. Cn i thng bng gia cc mng hnh trong b cc:
+ Cn i i xng: L cc hnh i nhau qua trc ngang hoc trc dc
ging nhau v hnh cng nh t l.
V d: Hai con rng chu mt tri.
+ Cn i khng i xng: L cng i nhau qua trc ngang hoc dc
nhng hnh khng nht thit phi ging nhau m ch cn gy c cm
gic cn i, thng bng.
V d: Trang tr ba sch, bch bo.

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H33. Cn i i xng. H34. Cn i khng i xng.


9.1.2. Trong hnh trang tr c trng tm v th yu (mng chnh, mng
ph). Tp trung nhiu vo mng chnh. T ci chnh pht trin ra nhng
mng ph. Mng chnh v ph h tr ln nhau v cng lm hon chnh ci
chung, sao cho tng th c trt t, hi ha.
V d: Mng chnh trong thm nn l to, r, ha tit p, cn nhng
mng ph gc hay ng vin nh hn, tng phn nh hn.
9.1.3. a dng trong b cc trang tr: Cc mng, hnh, ho tit c to - nh
to s vui mt, mc d c th c mt s ng dng v hnh v thng
nht v ng nt cong hay thng.
V d: Trong trang tr mt hnh vung, trng tm c hnh trn, bn
gc cng c hnh trn nh hn v trong ng dim xung quanh cng c
nhng ho tit trn. Nh vy l c s ng dng v hnh trn, nhng hnh trn
y c t l khc nhau v phn b hp l th vn m bo s a dng.
9.1.4. Mng cm v mng phn tn:
+ Mng cm: L trong mng c nhiu mng nh.
+ Mng phn tn: Th bn thn mng l mt khi cht ch.
V d: Trong mt hnh trang tr, nu c hai mng to bng nhau, mt
bn v mt bng hoa ln. Bn kia l mt cm nhiu hoa nh th vn gy c
cm gic phong ph ch khng phi l b u nhau.

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H35. Tnh vt bn tri c mt cm gm nhiu hoa Cc kt li thnh mng hoa ln. Hnh bn phi l
cc hoa Cc ri nhau to thnh cc mng ring l khc nhau.
9.2. Cc ha tit v trang tr:
Mt thnh phn quan trng ca trang tr l nhng ho tit trang tr, d l c
cy, hoa l, mung th, cn trng hay con ngi. Tt c nhng i tng ny
a vo trang tr u tr thnh ha tit p nu c cch iu, khi qut ho,
in hnh ho trn c s nhng nt p mang yu t to hnh v hnh dng,
ng nt, mng khi, mu sc, m nht...
S a dng, phong ph v v p trong cu trc t nhin ca cc loi hoa
l, chim mung lun gi cm v l ngun cm hng sng to cho con ngi.
u tin, ngi v nn chp tht, sau n gin ri cch iu nhng phi gi
c c trng ca mu tht.
V d: T hoa l, chim th trong thin nhin, ngi v cn i nguyn cu,
chp thc v t n gin, cch iu tr thnh nhng ha tit trang tr p
theo kiu ring ca mnh.










H36. Trn Vn Tm, Cch iu hoa Lan, mu bt, 1994.
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Ha tit trang tr dn tc l vn c dn tc. l mt kho tng ngh thut
v cng qu gi m ng cha ta li. N l ci p ca s bao qut, in hnh,
c l v cch iu cao. B cc cht ch v khe kht nhng vn thoi mi, nh
nhng, khng cu k cng khng s si..
V d: Bng sen, hnh my, sng nc, mt tri, chim, c...c chm,
khc trong cc n, cha, nh, lng tm


H37. u rng chm g trn chn trng Hng Miu, Ng Mn.

9.3. Phng php v cch iu cc ha tit hoa l:
9.3.1. La chn mu v nghin cu:
Tm nhng loi hoa l, chim mung c hnh dng p, c trng: l sn,
l u , l mp, hoa sen, hoa phong lan, hoa hu, chim, g, c, nga, ra,
sc, chun chun, bm,...

H38. Hoa Hng v hoa Lan, t thc.
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H39. C Vng.









H40. Bm H.

9.3.2. Cch v t thc:
Nn v bng bt ch, tm m nht hoc c th ch dng nt.. u tin, quy
hnh ton b ca mu vo hnh k tr, phc hnh tng th cc mng ln trc,
chi tit sau. Cui cng l t bng, chnh sa, nhn...
V d:
H41. Cch chp t thc.

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H42. Trng Phan Thin An, 03KT-HBK N, H43. Tn Tht ng Phng, 02KT-HBK N,
chp t tht hoa Loa Kn, ch, 2004. chp t tht hoa l, ch, 2003.


9.3.3. n gin ha tit:
L lc b nhng chi tit khng cn thit nh: rch, xu, lch lc, khng
cn i... a mu sang th cn i, hon chnh hn nhng vn gi c c
im in hnh ca mu.
V d:

H44. T tri qua phi: L u , n gin cch 1 v 2.

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9.3.4. Cch iu ha tit:
Bng tr tng tng, s tm ti, sng to trn c s t bc t n gin
ln thnh ha tit trang tr mang nt c trng v p hn thc t, ch khng
phi l ba t, bp mo mu.















H45. Bi v SV, cch iu con c, mu bt. H46. Bi v SV, cch iu hoa Hu, mu bt.

H47. Bi v sinh vin, cch iu con B, mu bt.
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9.4. Phng php tm b cc trang tr:
Vn dng tng hp cc nguyn tc trang tr c bn nh: cn i, nhc li,
xen k, ph th... mt cch linh hot, kho lo. Da vo c im ca tng loi
hnh c th k cc trc phn chia ra lm 4 hoc 8 phn bng nhau (giao im
ca 2 ng cho xut pht t tm), ri phn b cc mng ln, nh, chnh, ph
sao cho vui mt. c bit cc mng trng tm cn c nhn mnh (nu l en,
trng) cn nu l mu th l mu ni nht, nu l hnh phi l hnh p nht.
V d:

H48. Bi v sinh vin, b cc hnh vung, mu bt

mi b cc hnh vung, trn hoc ch nht, cn tm nhiu phc tho,
sau chn mt hnh ng nht v tin hnh tm m, nht ca hnh. To trng
tm cho b cc c ni bt, hi ho v cc m, nht mng trng tm cn
c chuyn ra xung quanh nhng va phi.
Trn c s phi phc tho m nht en trng tm mu sc cho ph hp t
s hi ho, p mt, gi cm xc thm m. Nn tm nhiu phc tho mu theo
cc gam mu khc nhau chn c phc tho p nht khi th hin.
9.5. Lm bi:
9.5.1. Phng hnh, th hin bi:
- Thng thng th li hnh t bn tho phng ln, pha mu theo bn
tho ri t tng mng mu ln lt cho n khi kn giy.
- Cng c th qut nn mu ch o theo mt m nht nht nh ca
bn tho, ri sau mi hnh phng ln v v k ln nn mu theo khun
kh quy nh.
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Tuy nhin, c hai cch u nn nghin mu k v t sao cho mn, phng,
gn gng, sch s v nghim tc.
9.5.2. Trnh by bi:
Thng phi c ba phc tho l hnh (nt), en trng, mu v bi th hin
phng ln v bng mu. K tn bi, tn ngi v, tn trng, lp... Lu ln
ca ch va phi theo t l bi lm, kiu ch nn n gin, nghim tc.
V d:












H49. Nguyn nh H, 04KT- HBK N, Trang tr hnh vung, mu bt, 2005.












H50. Trn L Hng, Trang tr hnh vung, mu bt, 2007.
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10. MT S BI TRANG TR THAM KHO.



H51. Nguyn Mnh Kha. 01KT-HBK N. H52. Nguyn Trng Giang. 04KT-HBK N.




H53. SV Ng c Cng. H54. Bi v ca sinh vin.


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H55. Bi v sinh vin: trang tr hnh trn, a treo tng.




















H56. Bi v sinh vin, trang tr phong cnh. H57. Bi v sinh vin, trang tr qung co.

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CHNG 2

V TNH VT HOA QU
(mu bt)

1. CCH V TNH VT.
Khi v mt b cc tnh vt, thng thng ngi tun theo trnh t cc bc
sau:
- Chn gc nhn ph hp s c c b cc p.
- c lng ln, v tr khung hnh trn giy v sao cho va phi, cn i.
- Tin hnh o, di v v phc (dng hnh) bng bt mu hoc bng bt ch.
- T mu gc ln cc mng ph kn ton b b mt tranh kt hp dng
mu theo mt thy v v ha sc mu ca ngi v.
- Tip tc t chng mu ng thi iu chnh m nht, mu sc v trau
chut dn chi tit. Lu trng tm v to chiu su khng gian.
- Xem xt li tng quan tng th ln cui, hon chnh b mt tranh.


H58. Trn Vn Tm, s lc cch v tnh vt bng mu bt: Dng hnh, t mu khi qut, 2007.
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2. BI V TNH VT HOA QU.














H59. Trn ng Khoa, 02KT-HBK N, 2003. H60. Ng L Nht Phng, 01KT-HBK N, 2002.


H61. Hong Duy, 04KT-HBK N, 2005. H62. Dng Th Hng Nhung, K11-K2, 2007.
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TRN VN TM Trang 28

2. THAM KHO MT S TH LOI TRANH TNH VT
KHC.


H64. Trn Vn Tm, Sinh tn, bt mu trn giy d.
45x55cm, 1999.

H63. Trn Vn Tm, Tnh vt, mu bt,
55x40cm, 2002.




H6
5.
Ya
ma
mot
o,
Nh
n
g
tri
t,
m
u
bt,
200
5.
H6
6.
Willow, Tnh vt, mu bt, 2006.


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CHNG 3

V PHONG CNH 1
(mu bt).

1. BI V SINH VIN.






















H67. L Vn Thm, 02KT-HBK N, phong cnh nh th Ha Sn, mu bt, 2003.

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H68. L Duy Trinh, 03KT-HBK N, phong cnh nng thn, mu bt, 2004.

H69. Vn Hu Minh Khi, 04KT-HBK N, phong cnh sau khu A, mu bt, 2005.

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H70. Phan Hong Tn, 02KT-HBK N, phong cnh Hi An, mu bt, 2003.


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2. CC BI V, TRANH PHONG CNH MU BT THAM
KHO KHC.












H71. Thanh Vn, HKH Hu, phong cnh vnh H Long, 2007.













H72. Michel Bellion, phong cnh, mu bt, 2007.


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H73. Ronan Olier, phong cnh 1, mu bt, 2007.














H74. Ronan Olier, phong cnh 2, mu bt, 2007.

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CHNG 4

V PHONG CNH
(mu nc)

1. BI V SINH VIN.























H75. Trn ng Khoa, 02KT- HBK N, phong cnh Hi An 1, mu nc, 2003.
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H76. Trn ng Khoa, 02KT- HBK N, phong cnh Hi An 2, mu nc, 2003.


H77. Nguyn B Thng, 03KT- HBK N, phong cnh Hi An, mu nc, 2004.
Gio trnh V M Thut
TRN VN TM Trang 36



H78. Phm Thin Chng, 03KT- HBK N, phong cnh nh th Ha Sn, mu nc, 2004.

Gio trnh V M Thut
TRN VN TM Trang 37



H79. Phng Danh, 05KT- HBK N, phong cnh lng ng Lm, mu nc, 2007.

Gio trnh V M Thut
TRN VN TM Trang 38

2. CC BI V, TRANH PHONG CNH MU NC THAM
KHO KHC.











H80. Bi v sinh vin, cng mt ngi nh lng ng Lm, mu nc, 2007.














H81. Bi v sinh vin, mt ngi nh lng ng Lm, mu nc, 2007.
Gio trnh V M Thut
TRN VN TM Trang 39














H82. John Tookey, phong c nh Salthouse, mu nc.
















H83. Serge Marko, phong cnh ph, mu nc, 2007.
Gio trnh V M Thut
TRN VN TM Trang 40

3. CC NG DNG TRONG DIN HA KIN TRC.
















H84. Din ha ni tht kin trc, mu nc.















H85. Phi cnh mt chnh, mu nc.
Gio trnh V M Thut
TRN VN TM Trang 41



















H86. Doran Barham, Phi cnh tng th, mu nc.















H87. Phi cnh, mu nc.