Nhm 2

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Ni dung chnh:
1
ng dng enzyme trong sn xut
bt git v cht ty ra sinh hc.
2
ng dng enzyme trong cng
ngh sn xut xng sinh hc.
3
ng dng enzyme trong cng
nghip vi si.
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3
ng dng enzyme trong sn xut bt git
v cht ty ra sinh hc
Tmquan trng ca enzymtrong cht ty ra.
- Gip tng hiu qu ca vic git ty.
- Gim thi gian git nh kh nng phn hy vt bn nhanh
chng.
- Gim nng lng tiu th do c th git nhit thp.
- Gim lng nc tiu th do hiu qu git ra cao.
- Gim nh hng i vi mi trng v enzyme l cht c
th phn hy sinh hc.
- Lm mi vi vc nh tc dng ca cellulase
- Tng trng v chng cht bn bm tr li.
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c im ca enzyme a vo
cht ty ra:
- C tnh c hiu rng ri.
- Gi c hot tnh trong
khong PH t 7- 11, nhit
t 4 60
0
C.
- Phi hot ng c trong mi
trng c cc thnh phn khc
ca cht ty ra c khi s dng
v bo qun.
ng dng enzyme trong sn xut bt git
v cht ty ra sinh hc
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ng dng enzyme trong sn xut bt git
v cht ty ra sinh hc
C ch:
Phn gii cc cht bn thnh cc on nh c
khi lng phn t thp hn, d ha tan hn
V d: Protease, Amilase, Lipase c th thy phn cc vt
bn protein, tinh bt, du m nhit di 40
0
C ngay c
khi trng thi rn.
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ng dng enzyme trong sn xut bt git
v cht ty ra sinh hc
1/ Protease
Cng dng ca protease l phn
hy vt bn dng protein trn
vi.
Tn thng mi: Savinase v
Relase. Protease c tc dng ty
ra cc vt bn nh mu, lng
trng, sa, nc rau, u, nc
xt thc n,..... v ch c hot
tnh trong dung dch git.
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ng dng enzyme trong sn xut bt git
v cht ty ra sinh hc
2/ Lipase
Lipase c tc dng thy phn
cc este bo. Lipolase l
enzyme chnh ca lipase. Hot
tnh ca lipase c p dng
loi b cc vt bn dng du.
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ng dng enzyme trong sn xut bt git
v cht ty ra sinh hc
3/ Cellulase
Cng dng ch yu ca
cellulase l chng qun vi, lm
mm vi, lm sng mu, chng
bm tr li v lm sch.
Cellulase l enzyme c ngun
gc t thin nhin v c tc dng
thy phn cellulose thnh
glucose.
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ng dng enzyme trong sn xut bt git
v cht ty ra sinh hc
4/ Amylase
Amylase c tc dng phn
hy tinh bt trn si vi,
tn thng mi ca n l
Termamyl. Amylase c th
ty cc vt bn thc n
nh khoai ty v nc st
c chua...
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5/ Loi enzymmi: Redox
Enzyme mi ny c tc dng chng
phai mu, ty sch vt bn, loi b
ton b vi khun trn vi v trong
dung dch.
ng dng enzyme trong sn xut bt git
v cht ty ra sinh hc
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ng dng enzyme trong sn xut bt git
v cht ty ra sinh hc
Nhc im.
- Sn phm c cht lng nhng gi thnh cn rt cao.
- Mt s ngi b d ng vi cht ty ra s khng trnh
c vic b nh hng.
- Vic bo qun i hi kht khe hn so vi cht ty ra ha
hc.
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ng dng enzyme trong sn xut bt git
v cht ty ra sinh hc
Cc hng pht trin:
- Gim gi thnh sn phm.
- To cc enzyme khng hoc t gy d ng.
- M rng sn xut cc Hyrolase mi c kh nng phn gii
nhiu loi cht bn khc nhau nh cc enzyme phn gii xylan,
pectin v dextran loi b cc vt bn c bit.
- Nghin cu v s dng cc Oxydoreductase.
- a vo cc cht ty trong nh nh: nc ra bt, ty ra nh
v sinh...
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Xng sinh hc
1. nh ngha :
Xng sinh hc (Biogasoline) l mt loi nhin liu lng,
trong c s dng ethanol nh l mt loi ph gia
nhin liu pha trn vo xng thay ph gia ch. Ethanol
c ch bin thng qua qu trnh ln men cc sn phm
hu c nh tinh bt, cellulose, lignocellulose. Ethanol
c pha ch vi t l thch hp vi xng to thnh
xng sinh hc c th thay th hon ton cho loi xng s
dng ph gia ch truyn thng
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2. Cc quy trnh ng dng enzyme trong ch bin xng sinh
hc
Enzyme thng c ng dng trong sn xut xng t
tinh bt v t cht x.
Vai tr ca enzyme trong sn xut xng sinh hc
Enzyme amylase: -amylase hot ng mnh trong giai on u
ca qu trnh ng ha.
Enzyme glucoamylase: phn ct lin kt -1,4 glucose trong cc
polysaccharide, ngoi ra cn c th ct lin kt -1,6 glucoside.
Enzyme cellulase: phn hy cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin
Enzyme protease: khi x l nguyn liu bng protease th trong
dch ng ha s c nhiu amino acid. M amino acid rt cn
thit cho s pht trin ca nm men
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Quy trnh sn xut xng t tinh bt
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Quy trnh sn xut xng t cht x
Cht x (rm r, tru, g)
Loi b lignin
Cellulose v hemicellulose
Ln men vi enzyme cellulase
bin thnh ng
Chng ct
ethanol
Sunfuric acid m c
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u v nhc imca xng sinh
hc:
1. u im
Tr s Octan cao :lm tng hiu sut chy, gim hin
tng kch n gip ng c vn hnh m hn v tng tui
th ng c.
Gim pht thi kh CO v Hydro carbon: t hn 20% so
vi xng A92 v A95.
Thn thin vi mi trng v kh nng ti sinh.
Gim l thuc vo nhin liu ha thch.
Pht trin kinh t x hi a phng.
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u v nhc imca xng sinh
hc:
2. Nhc im:
Tng pht thi kh CO
2
v NO
x
.
Gi thnh cao.
Tng chi ph nhin liu v ci tin ng c.
Cnh tranh gia an ninh lng thc v an ninh nng
lng.
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ng dng enzyme trong cng nghip vi si
Ngnh dt may xut khu
nc ta l mt trong nhng
ngnh ch lc.
nng cao sc cnh tranh,
cht lng sn phm v hiu
qu kinh t chng ta cn c
chin lc ch ng trong
khu nguyn liu u vo (vi
si).
ng dng enzyme trong cng
nghip vi si l im mu cht
trong chin lc .
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Yu cu ca si vi trong
cng nghip dt
- Mm
- Trng
- Khng cn tp cht
ng dng enzyme trong cng nghip vi si
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Mc ch ca ng dng enzyme
Ty h si bng si t tm v cc loi si khc c h
bng tinh bt gelatin, hoc bng cc cht kt dnh khc
ng dng enzyme trong cng nghip vi si
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Lm trng si, loi b
peroxit tha trc khi
nhum mu
ng dng enzyme trong cng nghip vi si
Mc ch ca ng dng enzyme
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Mc ch ca ng dng enzyme
Phn gii cc tp cht c trong lp bao ngoi s bng t v cc
si t nhin khc to thnh cc sn phm phn t thp d ha
tan to iu kin thun li cho vic tch si khi nguyn liu
ng dng enzyme trong cng nghip vi si
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Cc loi enzyme thng s dng:
- Amylase/ Cellulase
- Pectinase
- Gluco oxidase
- Xylanolytic / Catalase
ng dng enzyme trong cng nghip vi si
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Amylase v Pectinase c
s dng trong giai on ty
h.
Ngi ta thng s dng
lng ch phm amylase
khong 0,3-0,6 g/l dung dch
v thi gian x l 5-15 pht
nhit 90
0
C.
ng dng enzyme trong cng nghip vi si
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Gluco oxydase c s dng
trong cng on ty trng.
Gip cho si vi t ch s
trng 15-20.
Theo cch truyn thng s s
dng nhiu cht kim v lng
nc ln.
ng dng enzyme trong cng nghip vi si
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Xylanolytic v Catalase
- Xylanolytic c s dng
ph mu trn bng, s
dng t soda v mui trong
qu trnh.
- Catalase cng c s dng
trong ty mu, ph hy hydro
peroxit cn d, lm cho c
th s dng li dch ty cho
giai on khc
ng dng enzyme trong cng nghip vi si
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Li ch khc
-Lm gim nhim mi trng.
- Khng lm nh hng ti cu trc v bn ca
si cellulose.
- Gim tiu th nng lng v gim lng nc s
dng.
- Enzyme c th s dng x l nc thi cc nh
my sn xut s vi. Nc thi cc nh my ny
c cha tinh bt, poly v c bit l cc cht mu
rt kh loi b khi x l thng thng
ng dng enzyme trong cng nghip vi si
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