b gio dc v o to k thi chn hc sinh gii quc gia

lp 12 thpt n! hc 2""1#2""2
hng dn chm thi chnh thc
ho hc v$ c% &'(ng B)
*g+ thi, 12-.-2""2
/0u 1, (4 im).
12 (2,0 im).3i4u php ph5ng 6 7c 8ng dng 9ng 9:i ; ch<a ung th2 /%
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a) (1,0 im). P:+ hon thnh ph%ng t9nh c>a s? bi@n Ai ht nh0n t9Qn v
nQu 9R Snh luTt no 7c p dng ; hon thnh ph%ng t9nh2
b) (1,0 im). P:+ cho bi@t i;! khc nhau gi<a ph(n 8ng ht nh0n vi ph(n
8ng o6i ho#khU &lV+ thW d tX ph(n 8ng &2) v ph(n 8ng /o E /l
2

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b) (0,5 im)./Vu hnh NlNct9on &1) l cVu hnh NlNct9on c>a ngu+Qn tU ha+
ionG ]i saoG
c) (1,0 im). /ho bi@t tWnh chVt ho hc ^c t9ng c>a ion ha+ ngu+Qn tU
8ng vi cVu hnh NlNct9on &1)L h:+ vi@t !t ph%ng t9nh ph(n 8ng ; !inh
ho2
Li gii,
12 a) _Snh luTt b(o ton vTt chVt n5i chungL Snh luTt b(o ton s khi
v b(o ton i4n tWch n5i 9iQngL 7c p dng,
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t !i2 OZ b- = t9Qn2
ah(n 8ng ho hc &o6i ho khU), 6(+ 9a = v NlNct9on nQn chb bi@n Ai dng
%n chVt h7p chVt2
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! ph(i chb 9R %n chVt ha+ h7p chVt2
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22 a) Z[ng $ l7ng tU bi;u di\n cVu hnh,
1

b)
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N lp ngoi c[ng b:o ho ns
2
np
I
kh$ng c5 N c th0n ho^c c5 Wt N c th0nL
1 ti 2 NJ v( li cVu hnh t9Qn c5 1 N = ph0n lp Ys)2
c) f K 2Y ngu+Qn t /9 L gi! loi &chu+;n ti@p)2 Zng %n chVt c5 tWnh khU2
/9 E 2P/l /9/l
2
E P
2

/0u 11, (4 im).

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!^t thi@t bS !t lp ki! loi khc nh kk!L thi@cL c9$!222 P:+ gi(i thWch ti sao
vTt li4u bhng sit ph> lp thi@c t9Qn bj !^t bS ph hul nhanh h%n lp ph>
kk!G
22 (2,0im). 'i@t th@ o6i ho#khU tiQu chumn,
n
o
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E
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o
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2
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)
.
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b) (1,0 im). /ho bt qng vo dung dSch /u`p
Y
1M
Li gii,
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thWch,
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0!) l sit2 `it bS n !rnL ion sit chu+;n vo dung dSch v c5 s? khU
hi9o t9Qn thi@c &ion P
E
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.
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.
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qu t9nh ph hul2 OT+ vTt li4u bhng sit ph> lp thi@c th bS ph hul nhanh
h%n khi ph> vTt li4u bhng sit ph> lp kk!2
22 a) n
o
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o
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.
to thnh !ui oN`p
Y
L l! nht
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o
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o
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) kh$ng 6(+ 9a2 Zo
5 khi b bt qng vo dung dSch /u`p
Y
kh$ng 6(+ 9a ph(n 8ng v quan st
kh$ng thV+ hi4n t7ng g2
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.
L dung dSch
g
.
ap
Y
2
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b) (3,5 im). ]hQ! dvn ab&*p
.
)
2
vo dung dSch F cho @n nqng
"L"D"M th thu 7c k@t t>a w v dung dSch '2
(1,0 im). - /ho bi@t thnh phvn ho hc c>a k@t t>a w v dung dSch '2
(1,0 im). - ]Wnh nqng cc ion t9ong dung dSch ' &kh$ng k; s? thul
ph0n c>a cc ionL coi th; tWch dung dSch kh$ng tha+ Ai khi thQ! ab&*p
.
)
2
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(1,5 im). - *hTn bi@t cc chVt c5 t9ong k@t t>a w bhng ph%ng php ho
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/ho, pg a6it, P`p
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n
o
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o
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.
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g
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22
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Y
tan 9a l kh$ng ng k; nQn cch gi(i gvn ung t9Qn l hon
ton chWnh 6c2
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Y
J ab1
2
2
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9 , 3
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4
10 10 S : PbSO

= =
13 -26
10 10 S : PbS

= =
0 10 x 0794 , 0 x 10
x 01 , 0
x
1 , 3 2 1 , 1
2
= + =

7 , 2 3 6 , 7
2
10 4 / 10 : PbI

=
*hTn 9a 1
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L ab
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, a6it ho dung dSch bhng P*p
.
d sk c5 k@t t>a vng
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o
/ ph(n 8ng 2 *
2
p
C
&k) Y *p
2
&k) E p
2
&k) c5 hhng s tc k
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p
C
cho
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2
p
C
l "L"B" at! 2 si(
thi@t cc khW ju l khW lW t=ng2
12 (1,25 im). ]Wnh tc , a) tiQu th *
2
p
C
J b) hnh thnh *p
2
J p
2
2
22 (0,25 im). ]Wnh s ph0n tU *
2
p
C
: bS ph0n tWch sau ." gi0+2
32 (1,0 im). *@u ph(n 8ng t9Qn c5 ph%ng t9nh *
2
p
C
&k) 2 *p
2
&k) E 1-2 p
2
&k) th t9S s tc ph(n 8ngL hhng s tc ph(n 8ng c5 tha+
Ai kh$ngG si(i thWch2
Li gii,
12 ]9c h@t ph(i tWnh tc c>a ph(n 8ng thNo bi;u th8c : c5,
O K k /*2pC &1)
_: c5 t9S s k J cvn tWnh /*2pC ti thci i;! 6}t,
p
i
O K n
i
~] /*2pC K n*2pC , O K p
i
- ~] &2)
]ha+ s vo &2)L ta c5, /*2pC K "L"B" , "L"H2 2DH K 2LHIYI21"
#.
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pu
K 1LH"2 1"
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O
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O
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p
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shi chu,
Pai tc n+ ju c5 dVu E ; chb hnh thnh ha+ 7c to 9a &ng7c vi
tiQu th)2
Oi4c tWnh tc tiQu th *
2
p
C
ha+ hnh thnh *p
2
L p
2
thNo tc puL OpuL
nh t9Qn chb thuvn tu hnh th8c thNo h4 s ph%ng t9nhL th?c chVt ph(n 8ng
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bnh
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# thNo &1), ghi k K constJ /
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K const th O K const2
/0u O, (3,5 im).
ghW *p k@t h7p vi h%i '9
2
to 9a !t khW du+ nhVt t9ong ph0n tU c5 .
ngu+Qn tU2
12 (0,5 im).Oi@t ph%ng t9nh ph(n 8ng 6(+ 9a2
22 (1,5 im).'i@t ph(n 8ng t9Qn thu nhi4tL ti 2C
o
/ c5 gp K 11ILI2 P:+ tWnh
gp &ghi 9R %n vS) ti "
o
/ J C"
o
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c0n bhng ti "
o
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o
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o
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o
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32 (1,5 im).F}t ti 2C
o
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sk chu+;n dSch nh th@ noG *@u,
a) ]ng l7ng khW *p2
b) si(! l7ng h%i '9
2
2
c) si(! nhi4t 2
Li gii:
12 2 *p&k) E '9
2
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ah(n 8ng pha khWL c5 n K #1 %n vS gp l at!
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p
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p
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p
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p
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]u+ nhiQnL = 0+ kh$ng c5 iju ki4n ; 6}t &Y)J do 5 6}t thNo ngu+Qn l
3%sat%liN2
a2 *@u tng l7ng *pL /'PP chu+;n dci sang ph(iL
b2 *@u gi(! l7ng '9
2
L /'PP chu+;n dci sang t9iL 2
c2 ]hNo ngu+Qn l 3%sat%liNL s? gi(! nhi4t l! cho /'PP chu+;n dci
sang t9iL ; chng li s? gi(! nhi4t 2
.2 *@u |gp, /'PP chu+;n dci sang ph(iL ; tng ti t9S s gp2
F(+ 9a t9cng h7p no t9ong . t9cng h7p t9Qn l tu thuc vo pi ti c0n bhng ho
hc2
2222222222222222222222222222222222222222
I
b gio dc v o to k thi chn hc sinh gii quc gia
lp 12 thpt n! hc 2""1#2""2
thi chnh thc
M$n , ho hc L '(ng B
]hci gian, 180 phut (khng k thi gian giao
)
*g+ thi , 12/3/2002
/0u 1,
12 3i4u php ph5ng 6 7c 8ng dng 9ng 9:i ; ch<a ung th2 /% s= c>a li4u
php 5 l s? bi@n Ai ht nh0n2
2B
/o
CD
E
"
n
1
FG
&1)
FG
2H
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I"
E 222 J h K 1L2C MNO2 &2)
a) P:+ hon thnh ph%ng t9nh c>a s? bi@n Ai ht nh0n t9Qn v nQu 9R Snh
luTt no 7c p dng ; hon thnh ph%ng t9nh2
B
b) P:+ cho bi@t i;! khc nhau gi<a ph(n 8ng ht nh0n vi ph(n 8ng o6i ho#
khU &lV+ thW d tX ph(n 8ng &2) v ph(n 8ng /o E /l
2
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2
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22 /5 cVu hnh NlNct9on 1s
2
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C
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b) /Vu hnh NlNct9on &1) l cVu hnh NlNct9on c>a ngu+Qn tU ha+ ionG ]i saoG
c) /ho bi@t tWnh chVt ho hc ^c t9ng c>a ion ha+ ngu+Qn tU 8ng vi cVu
hnh NlNct9on &1)L h:+ vi@t !t ph%ng t9nh ph(n 8ng ; !inh ho2
/0u 11,
12 _; b(o v4 cc thi@t bS bhng sit ngci ta thcng ph> lQn t9Qn bj !^t thi@t
bS !t lp ki! loi khc nh kk!L thi@cL c9$!222 P:+ gi(i thWch ti sao vTt li4u
bhng sit ph> lp thi@c t9Qn bj !^t bS ph hul nhanh h%n lp ph> kk!G
22 'i@t th@ o6i ho#khU tiQu chumn,
n
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o
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2E
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n
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E
-/u K E"LC2 O n
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P:+ cho bi@t hi4n t7ng g 6(+ 9a t9ong cc t9cng h7p sau,
a) /ho bt sit vo dung dSch oN
2
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.
"LCM2
b) /ho bt qng vo dung dSch /u`p
Y
1M2
/0u 111,
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.
L dung dSch g
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ap
Y
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22 Zung dSch F gq! *a
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2
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Y
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a) ]Wnh pP c>a dung dSch F2
b) ]hQ! dvn ab&*p
.
)
2
vo dung dSch F cho @n nqng "L"D"M th thu #
7c k@t t>a w v dung dSch '2
# /ho bi@t thnh phvn ho hc c>a k@t t>a w v dung dSch '2
# ]Wnh nqng cc ion t9ong dung dSch ' &kh$ng k; s? thul ph0n c>a cc
ionL coi th; tWch dung dSch kh$ng tha+ Ai khi thQ! ab&*p
.
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# *hTn bi@t cc chVt c5 t9ong k@t t>a w bhng ph%ng php ho hcL vi@t cc ph#
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/ho, pg a6it, P`p
Y
#
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k K 1LH21"
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2 s
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6(+ 9a t9ong bnh kWn th; tWch 2"L" lit kh$ng Ai2 'an vu l7ng *
2
p
C
cho
vXa v+ bnh2 = thci i;! kh(o stL p suVt 9iQng c>a *
2
p
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l "L"B" at! 2 si(
thi@t cc khW ju l khW lW t=ng2
12 ]Wnh tc tiQu th *
2
p
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2
2
22 ]Wnh s ph0n tU *
2
p
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32 *@u ph(n 8ng t9Qn c5 ph%ng t9nh *
2
p
C
&k) 2 *p
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si(i thWch2
/0u O,
H
ghW *p k@t h7p vi h%i '9
2
to 9a !t khW du+ nhVt t9ong ph0n tU c5 . ngu+Qn
tU2
12 Oi@t ph%ng t9nh ph(n 8ng 6(+ 9a2
22 'i@t ph(n 8ng t9Qn thu nhi4tL ti 2C
o
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%n vS) ti "
o
/ J C"
o
/2 si( thi@t 9hng tb s gi<a hai t9S s hhng s c0n bhng
ti "
o
/ vi 2C
o
/ ha+ 2C
o
/ vi C"
o
/ ju bhng 1LCY2
32 F}t ti 2C
o
/L c0n bhng ho hc : 7c thi@t lTp2 ]hNo ngu+Qn lW 3% `at%liQL
c0n bhng 5 sk chu+;n dSch nh th@ noG *@u,
a) ]ng l7ng khW *p2
b) si(! l7ng h%i '9
2
2
c) si(! nhi4t 2
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D