HNG DN CHM THI CHNH THC MN HA HC

Cu 1 (2,5 im)
1. Cho bng sau
Nguyn t Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn
Nng lng ion ha I2 (V! ""#$% "2#$& "'#($ ")#"( "*#(& "(#*)
+,y gii th-ch s. bi/n 01i nng lng ion ha th2 hai c3a c4c nguyn t trong bng
2. Vi/t c5ng th2c 67is 89 :;ng h<nh h=c c3a c4c >h?n t@ 89 ion sauA
BCl'# CC2# NC2
D
# NC2# IE'
3. T;i sao bo triclorua tFn t;i G :;ng HonoH (BCl'! trong Ihi nh5H triclorua l;i tFn t;i G :;ng :iH
(Jl2Cl*!
Hng dn chm:
1. CKu h<nh lctron c3a c4c nguyn tA CaA LJrM)s
2
N ScA LJrM':
"
)s
2
N TiA LJrM':
2
)s
2
VA LJrM':
'
)s
2
N CrA LJrM':
(
)s
"
N MnA LJrM':
(
)s
2
Nng lng ion ha th2 hai 2ng 8Oi s. t4ch lctron ha trP th2 haiQ TR Ca 0/n V 0 0Su l9 s.
t4ch lctron )s th2 haiQ To s. tng :Un 0iVn t-ch h;t nh?n nn l.c hWt giXa h;t nh?n 89 c4c lctron
)s tng :Un# :o 0 nng lng ion ha I2 cYng tng 0Su 0ZnQ Tuy nhin 0i 8Oi Cr :o cKu h<nh
lctron 0Zc biVt 8Oi s. chuy[n lctron tR )s 8S ': 0[ sOH 0;t 0c >h?n lO> ':
(
0Uy H\t n@a#
lctron th2 hai bP t4ch n]H trong cKu h<nh bSn 8Xng n9y cho nn s. t4ch n 0^i h_i tiu tn nhiSu
nng lng h`n han# :o 0 I2 c3a nguyn t n9y cao h`n nhiSu so 8Oi c3a VQ CYng ch-nh 8< 8by H9
Ihi chuy[n sang Mn# 2 lctron bP t4ch l;i n]H G >h?n lO> )s# gi4 trP I2 c3a n chc lOn h`n c3a V 8Ra
>hi# thbH ch- c^n nh_ h`n gi4 trP t`ng 2ng c3a Cr
2.aQ C5ng th2c 67is
bQ T;ng h<nh h=c
BCl'A dung euanh nguyn t@ B c ' cZ> lctron (2 cZ> 89 " fsiu cZ>g! nn B c lai ha s>
2
#
' nguyn t@ E lin I/t 8Oi B eua obitan n9y# :o 0 >h?n t@ c :;ng tam gic u
CC2A dung euanh C c hai siu cZ># C c lai ha s># 2 nguyn t@ C lin I/t 8Oi C eua 2
obitan n9yQ hh?n t@ c dng thngQ
NC2
D
A Ion n9y 0Fng lctron 8Oi CC2 nn cYng c dng thng
NC2A dung euanh N c ' cZ> lctron euy Oc (gFH " cZ>D" siu cZ> (lin I/t 05i!D"
lctron 0\c th?n! nn N c lai ha s>
2
Q +ai nguyn t@ C lin I/t 8Oi 2 trong s ' obitan lai ha nn
>h?n t@ c cKu t;o dng ch V (hay gK> IhWc!Q ic CNC j "2&
o
8< s. 0ky c3a lctron 0\c th?nQ
IE'A dung euanh I c ( cZ> lctron# :o 0 I >hi c lai ha s>
'
:# t;o th9nh ( obitan hOng
0/n ( 0cnh c3a H\t h<nh llng ch> ngY gi4cQ +ai obitan n]H :=c trmc thang 02ng lin I/t 8Oi 2
B GIO DC !" "O T#O $% THI CHN HC &INH GI'I ()*C GIA
+, 12 TH,T N-M 2../
nguyn t@ EQ Nguyn t@ E th2 ba lin I/t 8Oi H\t trong ba obitan c HZt >hang n-ch 0;oQ Nh 8by
>h?n t@ IE' c cKu t;o dng ch TQ N/u I[ c 0/n s. 0ky c3a hai cZ> lctron Ih5ng lin I/t# >h?n t@
c :;ng ch T cpQ
3. BE'A B c ' lctron ha trPQ ohi t;o th9nh lin I/t 8Oi ' nguyn t@ E# G nguyn t@ B chc c *
lctron# >h?n t@ Ih5ng bSnQ p[ c b4t t@ nguyn t@ B s@ :mng " obitan > Ih5ng lai ha 0[ t;o lin
I/t 8Oi H\t trong ba nguyn t@ EQ o/t e3a t;o th9nh >h?n t@ BE' c :;ng taH gi4c 0Su ging nh
>h?n t@ BCl' 0, tr<nh b9y G trn
JlCl'A JlCl' cYng thi/u lctron nh BE'# nhng Jl Ih5ng c Ih nng t;o th9nh lin I/t Ii[u >

q
>

nh BQ p[ c 03 b4t t@ nguyn t@ Jl s@ :mng " trong ) obitan lai ha s>

'
0[ nhbn " cZ> lctron
Ih5ng lin I/t tR H\t nguyn t@ Cl G >h?n t@ JlCl' bn c;nhQ hh?n t@ JlCl' n9y cYng n@ s. nh 8byQ
o/t e3a l9 t;o th9nh H\t :iHQ
Cu 2 (3,0 im)
Cho gin 0F 6atiHr c3a :ioni (C2! trong H5i trrng anit
C2

V *s( # &
+2C2

V %*' # "
+2C
trong 0 C2# +2C2 89 +2C l9 c4c :;ng ony ha q Ih@ ch2a ony G H2c ony ha giH :UnQ C4c s
&#*s(V 89 "#%*'V chc th/ Ih@ c3a c4c cZ> ony ha q Ih@ t;o th9nh bGi c4c :;ng t`ng 2ng C2t+2C2N
+2C2t+2C
aQ Vi/t c4c n@a >hn 2ng c3a c4c cZ> trn
bQ T-nh th/ Ih@ c3a cZ> C2t+2C
cQ Ch2ng Hinh r]ng +2C2 c th[ >h?n huu th9nh c4c chKt ch2a ony G H2c ony ha cao h`n 89 thK>
h`n tho >hn 2ngA 2+2C2 C2 D 2+2C
Hng dn chm:
1. pi 8Oi cZ> C2t+2C2A C2 D 2+
D
D 2 v +2C2 ("! w
o
" x &#*s( V
pi 8Oi cZ> +2C2t+2CA +2C2 D 2+
D
D 2 v 2+2C (2! w
o
2 x "#%*' V
2. N@a >hn 2ng c3a cZ> C2t+2CA C2 D )+
D
D ) v 2+2C ('! w
o
' x y
C\ng c4c >hn 2ng ("! 89 (2! sz thu 0c ('!Q To 0
q)Ew
o
' x q2Ew
o
" D (q2Ew
o
2!
+ay w
o
' x 2(w
o
" D w
o
2!tt)
x 2 n 2#)'" t ) x "#2' V
3. p[ c >hn 2ng :P li c3a +2C2A +2C2 v "t2C2 D +2C ()! Ta lKy (2! trR 0i ("!
(2! { ("! x 2+2C2 v C2 D 2+2C
+ay +2C2 v "t2C2 D +2C ()!
|i
o
) x "t2Lq2Ew
o
2 { (q2Ew
o
"!M
x E(w
o
" { w
o
2! x E(&#*s( { "#%*'! x q"#&*$E j &
|i
o
) j &Q hhn 2ng >h?n h3y c3a +2C2 l9 t. :i}n bi/n 8S HZt ha h=c
Cu 3 (2,0 im)
pi 8Oi >hn 2ng J D B C D T
1. Tr\n 2 th[ t-ch b]ng nhau c3a :ung :Pch chKt J 89 :ung :Pch chKt B c nFng 0\ "M
aQ N/u th.c hiVn >hn 2ng G nhiVt 0\ '''#2o th< sau 2 gir 0Fng hF nFng 0\ c3a C b]ng &#2"(MQ
T-nh h]ng s tc 0\ c3a >hn 2ng
bQ N/u th.c hiVn >hn 2ng G ')'#2o th< sau "#'' gir 0Fng hF nFng 0\ c3a J giH 0i hai lUnQ T-nh
h]ng s tc 0\ c3a >hn 2ngQ T-nh nng lng ho;t ho4 c3a >hn 2ng (tho I~QHol
q"
!
2. Tr\n " th[ t-ch :ung :Pch chKt J 8Oi 2 th[ t-ch :ung :Pch chKt B# 0Su cng nFng 0\ "M# G nhiVt 0\
'''#2o th< sau bao l?u J >hn 2ng h/t s&
Hng dn chm:
pi 8Oi >hn 2ng J D B C D T
hh`ng tr<nh tc 0\ >hn 2ng :;ng t1ng eu4t l9A 8 x ICJCB ("!
1.0. V< nFng 0\ ban 0Uu c3a J 89 B b]ng nhau nn ("! trG th9nh 8 x ICJ
2
89 >h`ng tr<nh 0\ng h=c
t-ch >h?n t`ng 2ng l9A
It x "tCJ { "tCJo
Thay c4c gi4 trP s t-nh 0c I" x 2#"Q"&
q)
Hol
q"
QlQs
q"
1. T;i ')'#2o# t-nh to4n t`ng t. trrng h> ("! 0c I2 x )#"%%Q"&
q)
Hol
q"
QlQs
q"
Thay c4c gi4 trP I" 89 I2 89o >h`ng tr<nh Jrrhnius t-nh 0c wa x *( '%$ ~QHol
q"
2. CJo x "t'MN CBo x 2t'MQ NFng 0\ ban 0Uu c3a J 89 B Ih4c nhau# >h`ng tr<nh 0\ng h=c t-ch >h?n
c :;ngA
" ( !
ln
( ! ( !
b a x
t
a b a b x

=

Thay c4c gi4 trP s 89o >h`ng tr<nh t-nh 0c t x 2)'('s (hay *#%*)h!
Cu 2 (2,0 im)
1. Trong Ih5ng Ih- :ung :Pch natri sunua bP ony ha H\t >hUn 0[ gii >hng ra lu hunhQ Vi/t
>h`ng tr<nh >hn 2ng 89 t-nh h]ng s c?n b]ngQ
Cho w
o
(C2t+2C! x "#2'VN w
o
(StS
2q
! x q&#)$VN 2#'TtE ln x &#&(s2lg
2. iii th-ch c4c hiVn tng sauA SnS2 tan trong (N+)!2SN SnS Ih5ng tan trong (N+)!2S nhng tan
trong :ung :Pch (N+)!2S2Q
Hng dn chm:
1. hhn 2ng ony ha S
2q
bGi Ih5ng Ih-A
2n S
2q
S D 2
2
t
2
" &#&(s2
"
"&
!
" "
#
$

=
C2 D )+
D
D ) 2+2C
t
2 2
)
&#&(s2
2
"&
!
% & %
#
$ =
)n +2C +
D
D C+
q
o7 x "&
q")
2S
2q
D C2 D 2+2C 2S D )C+
q
o x o"
q2
Qo2Qo7
q)
x "&
(s#()
+oZc c th[ t1 h> nh sauA
2n S
2q
S D 2
2
t
2
" &#&(s2
"
"&
!
" "
#
$

=
C2 D 2+2C D ) )C+
q

t
2 2
)
&#&(s2
'
"&
!
% & %
#
$ =
2S
2q
D C2 D 2+2C 2S D )C+
q
o x o"
q2
Qo'
Trong 0 w
o
(C2tC+
q
! 0c t-nh nh sauA
C2 D )+
D
D ) 2+2C
t
2 2
)
&#&(s2
2
"&
!
% & %
#
$ =
)n +2C +
D
D C+
q
o7 x "&
q")
C2 D 2+2C D ) )C+
q

t
2
)
&#&(s2
'
"&
!
% %&
#
$

=
x o2Qo7
q)
TR 0 t-nh 0c
o x o"
q2
Qo'
2
t t
2
)( !
(s#() &#&(s2
"& "&
! !
% %& " "
# #
$

= =
2. SnS2 l9 sunua anit nn t4c :mng 8Oi (N+)!2S l9 sunua ba`A
SnS2 D (N+)!2S v (N+)!2SnS' (!
SnS l9 sunua ba` nn Ih5ng t4c :mng 8Oi (N+)!2S (sunua ba`!Q Tuy nhin 0i 8Oi :ung
:Pch (N+)!2S2 >hn 2ng c th[ ny ra 8< trOc h/t (N+)!2S2 ony ha SnS
SnS D (N+)!2S2 v (N+)!2S D SnS2
sau 0 SnS2 t;o th9nh sz >hn 2ng 8Oi (N+)!2S nh >h`ng tr<nh (!
Cu 3 (2,0 im)
Silic c cKu trWc tinh th[ ging IiH c`ng
1. T-nh b4n I-nh c3a nguyn t@ silicQ Cho Ihi lng ring c3a silic tinh th[ b]ng 2#'' gtcH
'
N Ihi
lng Hol nguyn t@ c3a Si b]ng 2$#" gQHol
q"
2. So s4nh b4n I-nh nguyn t@ silic 8Oi cacbon (rC x &#&%%nH! 89 gii th-ch
3. Vi/t tKt c c4c 0Fng >h?n c3a >h2c chKt LCo(bi>y!2Cl2M 8Oi bi>yA
Hng dn chm
1. Trong cKu trWc Ii[u IiH c`ng (+<nh bn! 0\ :9i lin I/t CqC b]ng
"t$ 0\ :9i 0rng cho : c3a t/ b9o 0`n 8P (unit cll!Q
MZt Ih4c ' d a = 8Oi a l9 0\ :9i c;nh t/ b9o
i=i l9 Ihi lng ring c3a Si
TR nhXng :X IiVn c3a 0Uu b9i ta cA
2' '
$Q2$#"
2# ''
*# &2Q"& Q
n'
(V a
= = =
Suy ra a x L$Q2$#" t *#&2Q"&
2'
Q 2#''M
"t'
cH x "#"%Q"&
q$
cH x &#""%nH
2. rSi x &#""%nH rC x &#&%%nHQ o/t e3a n9y ho9n to9n >h h> 8Oi s. bi/n 01i b4n I-nh nguyn t@
trong bng +V thng tuUn ho9nQ
3. uy Oc bi[u :i}n bi>y b]ng H\t cung lFiA
0. pFng >h?n cis# transA
1. pFng >h?n euang h=c
Cu 4 (2,0 im)
1. Jnit uHaric 89 anit Halic c c4c h]ng s >h?n ly nKc " ())# nKc 2 (2)Q +,y so s4nh c4c cZ> h]ng
s >h?n ly t`ng 2ng c3a hai anit n9y 89 gii th-ch
2. Cho c4c ancol pqC+'qC*+)qC+2C+# pqC+'CqC*+)qC+2C+# pqCNqC*+)qC+2C+ 89 pqClqC*+)q
C+2C+Q So s4nh Ih nng >hn 2ng c3a c4c ancol 8Oi +Br 89 gii th-chQ
3. Cny ha hy:rocacbon th`H A (C$+"&! b]ng ony c nWc t4c coban antat cho sn >hkH BQ ChKt B
c th[ thaH gia >hn 2ngA 8Oi :ung :Pch Na+CC' gii >hng Ih- CC2# 8Oi tanol (:! t;o th9nh DN
0un nng B 8Oi :ung :Pch N+' t;o th9nh 5Q Th3y >h?n 5 t;o th9nh G# 0un nng G G nhiVt 0\
Ihong "*&
o
C t;o th9nh 6Q MZt Ih4c Ihi cho B >hn 2ng 8Oi Ih- N+' (:! cYng t;o th9nh 6Q +,y
8i/t c4c c5ng th2c cKu t;o c3a A# B# D# G# 5 89 6
Hng dn chm:
I"(M! I"(E! l9 :o M c Ih nng t;o 0c lin I/t hy:ro n\i >h?n t@# lin I/t Cq+ c3a M trong eWa
tr<nh >h?n ly th2 nhKt >h?n c.c h`n so 8Oi E 89 ba` lin h> M cYng bSn h`n EQ
I2(M! j I2(E! :o lin I/t hy:ro n\i >h?n t@ l9H cho M bSn# Ih nhrng >roton h`n so 8Oi EQ
Ngo9i ra ba` lin h> M l;i IH bSn h`n (:o nng lng t`ng t4c giXa c4c nhH {CCC
q
lOn
h`n! ba` lin h> E
2. hhn 2ng giXa c4c ancol 0, cho 8Oi +Br l9 >hn 2ng th/ tho c` ch/ SNQ iiai 0o;n trung gian t;o
cacbocation bnylicQ NhH qCC+' 0ky lctron (DC! l9H bSn ha cacbocation n9y nn Ih nng
>hn 2ng tngQ NhH {C+' c (DI! nn cYng l9H bSn cacbocation n9y nhng IH h`n nhH {CC+'
8< (DC! (DI!Q C4c nhH {Cl (qI# DC! 89 {CN (qC! hWt lctron l9H cacbocation trG nn IH bSn :o
8by Ih nng >hn 2ng giHQ NhH {CN hWt lctron H;nh h`n nhH {ClQ
Vby s> n/> tho trbt t. Ih nng tng :Un >hn 2ng 8Oi +Br l9A
pqCNqC*+)qC+2C+ j pqClqC*+)qC+2C+ j pqC+'qC*+)qC+2C+ j pqC+'CqC*+)qC+2C+
(Ih-# :!
Cu 7 (2,5 im)
1. +> chKt 2#2#)qtriHtyl>ntan (A! 0c sn nuKt 8Oi euy H5 lOn b]ng >h`ng >h4> t1ng h> nWc
t4c tR C)+$ (8! 8Oi C)+"& (9!Q J cYng c th[ 0c 0iSu ch/ tR 8 tho hai bOcA th2 nhKt# Ihi c nWc
t4c anit 85 c`# 8 t;o th9nh : 89 (N th2 hai hy:ro ha ( 89 :
aQ Vi/t c4c >h`ng tr<nh >hn 2ng 0[ Hinh h=a 89 g=i tn c4c h> chKt 8# 9# :# ( tho :anh >h4>
IhJC
bQ Con >h?n 89 sz t;o th9nh ) h> chKt# trong 0 c anton 89 oHan:hit# 8i/t c` ch/ >hn 2ng
2. Cho s` 0F >hn 2ng sauA
+,y 8i/t c4c c5ng th2c cKu t;o c3a J# B# C# T"# T2 89 wQ Bi/t w c c5ng th2c >h?n t@ C"s+22C(
Hng dn chm:
BOc th2 nhKt gFH t`ng t4c giXa hai >h?n t@ trong H5i trrng anit
(sn >hkH >hm!
2. S` 0F 0iSu ch/ pqhy:roni>hnylantaHitA
Sn >hkH >hmA
Cu / (2,0 im)
1. aQ +SC+2C+(N+2!CCC+ (nistin! c c4c p$aA "#s*N $#"$N "&#2$Q C4c chKt t`ng 0Fng 8Oi n l9
+CC+2C+(N+2!CCC+ (srin!# +SC+2C+(N+2!CCC+ (slnonistin!# C'+%NC(S (anit nistic!
+,y n4c 0Pnh cKu h<nh tS 0i 8Oi srin 89 anit nistic
bQ +,y euy I/t c4c gi4 trP p$a cho tRng nhH ch2c trong >h?n t@ nistinQ Vi/t c5ng th2c c3a nistin
Ihi G >+ x "#( 89 (#(
2. S> n/> ) aHinoanit trn tho th2 t. tng :Un gi4 trP >+I 89 gii th-ch s. s> n/> 0
3. Th3y >h?n ho9n to9n H\t nona>>tit 8 thu 0c Jrg# Jla# Mt# Sr# 6ys# hh2# Val 89 IlQ S@ :mng
>hn 2ng c3a 8 8Oi 2#)q:initrolobnn n4c 0Pnh 0c JlaQ Th3y >h?n 8 8Oi try>sin thu 0c
>nta>>tit (6ys# Mt# Sr# Jla# hh!# :i>>tit (Jrg# Il! 89 :i>>tit (Val# hh!Q Thuu >h?n 8 8Oi
BrCN :n 0/n s. t;o th9nh H\t tri>>tit (Sr# Jla# Mt! 89 H\t hna>>titQ Thuu >h?n 8Oi
cacboni>>ti:aa c 8 ln hna>>tit 0Su cho ValQ d4c 0Pnh th2 t. c4c aHinoanit trong 8Q
(u0;< =>?@
Hng dn chm:
1.0.
6qSrin (CKu h<nh S! Jnitq6qdistic (CKu h<nh !
1. >oa (nistin!A "#s* (CCC+!N $#"$ (S+!N "&#2$ (N+
'
D
!
>+
I
(nistin! x ("#s* D $#"$! t 2 x (#&%
>+ x "#(A +S { C+2 { C+(N+'
D
! { CCC+
>+ x (#(A +S { C+2 { C+(N+2! { CCC
q
2. Tr<nh t. tng :Un >+IA Jnit nistic j slnonistin j nistin j srin
3. Tho 0S b9i n4c 0Pnh 0c 0Uu N l9 Jla# 0Uu C l9 Val
Th3y >h?n 8Oi Try>isin thu 0cA
Jla { (Mt# Sr# hh! { 6ys
Il { Jrg 89 hh { Val
T.a 89o I/t e3a th3y >h?n 8Oi BrCN# suy ra Jla { Sr { Mt {hh { 6ys
Vby 8 l9A Jla { Sr { Mt {hh { 6ys q Il { Jrg q hh { Val
Cu A (2,0 im)
1. Vi/t c4c >h`ng tr<nh >hn 2ng th3y >h?n HtylqqTqgalactouranoit (A! 89 HtylqqTq
sobouranoit (B! trong H5i trrng anit (sobo`A 2qntohno`N cKu h<nh C' c3a n 89 c3a galacto`
Ih4c nhau!
2. Jrabino>yrano` (Tqan:o>nto` c cKu h<nh 2S# '# )! 0c chuy[n ha nh sauA
Vz cKu trWc B# C# D 89 5
3. +> chKt A (C)+*C'! euang ho;t# Ih5ng thaH gia >hn 2ng tr4ng b;c# t4c :mng 8Oi anhy:rit antic
t;o ra :n nuKt HonoantatQ ohi 0un nng 8Oi Htanol A chuy[n th9nh chKt B (C(+"&C)!Q TOi t4c
:mng c3a anit 85 c` lo,ng B cho Htanol 89 C (C)+$C)!Q C t4c :mng 8Oi anhy:rit antic t;o ra :n
nuKt triantat# t4c :mng 8Oi NaB+) t;o ra D (C)+"&C)! Ih5ng euang ho;tQ C thaH gia >hn 2ng tr4ng
b;c t;o ra anit cacbonylic 5 (C)+$C(!Q d@ l aHit c3a 5 b]ng :ung :Pch lo,ng natri hi>oclorit t;o ra
Tq(D!qglynran:hit (C'+*C'! 89 aHoniacQ Vz cKu trWc c3a A# B# C# D 89 5
Hng dn chm:
Th sinh lm theo cch khc nu ng vn cho im
Cacbocation bbc hai (IH bSn!
Cacbocation bbc ba (bSn h`n!