p n bi 1:

Do gentiobioz chu s quay h bin nn n nht thit phi c nhm hemiaxetal t do. S to thnh
hai phn t glucoz khi thu phn cho thy rng n l mt disaccarit v do b thy phn bng enzym
emulsin nn lin kt y s l -glycosit. D kin metyl ha v sn phm thy phn cho ta bit rng
cc phn t glucoz y s tn ti dng vng 6 v hai vng glucoz lin kt vi nhau qua cu
1,6 - -glycosit


p n bi 2:


p n bi 3:
O
OH
OH
OCH
3
OH
CH
2
OH
A
H
+
- CH
3
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
CH
2
OH
(+)
H
2
O
H
+
O
OH
OH
OH
CH
2
OH
OH
1.

Cacbocation bc hai (km bn)





Cacbocation bc ba (bn hn)
Bi 1: D-andotetroz A phn ng vi axit nitric cho hp cht khng quang hot. Cng andotetroz
ny khi x l vi HCN tip theo l Ba(OH)
2
cho hai axit andonic epime B v C. Cc axit andonic ny
nm cn bng vi - andolacton tng ng D v E. X l hn hp ny vi Na-Hg v nc pH 3,5
cho H v G tng ng. Oxy ha E bng HNO
3
cho axit andonic khng quang hot H trong khi E cho
axit andonic quang hot I. Vit CTCT cc cht t A n I

Bi 2: Tagatose l mt monosaccarit c cng thc C
6
H
12
O
6
, n c th quay h bin, phn ng c
vi thuc th Tollens cho axit D-galactonic v axit D-talonic nhng khng cho phn ng vi dung
dch nc brom. Metyl ha tagatose bng CH
3
I v Ag
2
O sau thy phn trong axit cho 1,3,4,5-tetra-
O-metyltagatose. T cc d kin hy v cng thc Fischer ng vi dng mch h v cu dng
gh ca tagatose (khng cn xc nh lp th nguyn t cacbon anome).

Bi 3: Hp cht A l trisaccarit khng kh v c cng thc phn t C
17
H
30
O
15
. Thy phn hp cht
A bng enzym -Glucozidaza (ch ct lin kt -glycozit) th thu c disaccarit B v D-arabinose
.Cho A tc dng vi lng d (CH
3
)
2
SO
4
trong NaOH ri thy phn sn phm thu c trong mi
trng axit thu c 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-metyl ca mt D-andohexose (C), 2,4,6-tri-O-metyl ca D-
andohexose (D) v 2,3,4-tri-O-metyl-D-arabinose. T D-arabinose c th c iu andohexose C
v D theo s :

Xc nh cu trc cc cht t A n N. Bit cu trc ca D-arabinose nh sau: