Chemistry: Our Life, Our Feature

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CHEMISTRY
2011
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PH LC 1. CC HNG S V CNG THC CN THIT
Hng s Avogadro N
A
= 6,022 x 10
23
mol
1

Phng trnh trng
thi kh l tng
pV = nRT
Hng s kh R = 8,314 J K
1
mol
1
Nng lng Gibbs: G = H TS
Hng s Faraday F = 96485 C mol
1

o
cell r
nFE K RT = = A ln
o
G
Hng s Planck h = 6,626 x 10
34
J s Phng trnh Nernst
red
ox o
c
c
zF
RT
E E ln + =

Vn tc nh sng c = 2,998 x 10
8
m s
1
Nng lng photon
v

h
hc
E = =

0
o
Celcius 273,15 K
nh lut
Lambert-Beer
l c
I
I
A c = =
0
10
log


Trong tnh ton hng s cn bng cc gi tr nng phi c chun ha vi 1 mol L
-1
. Coi
tt c cc kh l l tng.

PH LC 2. Bng tun hon v khi lng nguyn t
1 18
1
H
1.01 2

13 14 15 16 17
2
He
4.00
3
Li
6.94
4
Be
9.01
5
B
10.81
6
C
12.01
7
N
14.01
8
O
16.00
9
F
19.00
10
Ne
20.18
11
Na
22.99
12
Mg
24.30 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13
Al
26.98
14
Si
28.09
15
P
30.97
16
S
32.06
17
Cl
35.45
18
Ar
39.95
19
K
39.10
20
Ca
40.08
21
Sc
44.96
22
Ti
47.87
23
V
50.94
24
Cr
52.00
25
Mn
54.94
26
Fe
55.85
27
Co
58.93
28
Ni
58.69
29
Cu
63.55
30
Zn
65.38
31
Ga
69.72
32
Ge
72.64
33
As
74.92
34
Se
78.96
35
Br
79.90
36
Kr
83.80
37
Rb
85.47
38
Sr
87.62
39
Y
88.91
40
Zr
91.22
41
Nb
92.91
42
Mo
95.96
43
Tc
-
44
Ru
101.07
45
Rh
102.91
46
Pd
106.42
47
Ag
107.87
48
Cd
112.41
49
In
114.82
50
Sn
118.71
51
Sb
121.76
52
Te
127.60
53
I
126.90
54
Xe
131.29
55
Cs
132.91
56
Ba
137.33
57-
71
72
Hf
178.49
73
Ta
180.95
74
W
183.84
75
Re
186.21
76
Os
190.23
77
Ir
192.22
78
Pt
195.08
79
Au
196.97
80
Hg
200.59
81
Tl
204.38
82
Pb
207.2
83
Bi
208.98
84
Po
-
85
At
-
86
Rn
-
87
Fr
-
88
Ra
-
89-
103
104
Rf
-
105
Db
-
106
Sg
-
107
Bh
-
108
Hs
-
109
Mt
-
110
Ds
-
111
Rg
-



57
La
138.91
58
Ce
140.12
59
Pr
140.91
60
Nd
144.24
61
Pm
-
62
Sm
150.36
63
Eu
151.96
64
Gd
157.25
65
Tb
158.93
66
Dy
162.50
67
Ho
164.93
68
Er
167.26
69
Tm
168.93
70
Yb
173.05
71
Lu
174.97

89
Ac
-
90
Th
232.04
91
Pa
231.04
92
U
238.03
93
Np
-
94
Pu
-
95
Am
-
96
Cm
-
97
Bk
-
98
Cf
-
99
Es
-
100
Fm
-
101
Md
-
102
No
-
103
Lr
-


Chemistry: Our Life, Our Feature
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2

CHEMISTRY
2011
OlympiaVN
Forum OLYMPIAVN
Box HA HC

CU 1
1. Sau gi hc, u to v mt cn ang tho lun mt gc lp.
u to: Bi tp hm nay c cu ny l lm nh: Nu bit bn knh ca nguyn t bc l 144
pm v khi lng ring l 10,5 g/cm
3
th c th tnh c khi lng ring ca vng khng?
Mt cn: Hi l! Mun tnh khi lng ring phi bit c bn knh nguyn t v kiu
mng c s ch. cho bc m hi vng, thiu d kin qu nhiu.
u to: Th nu cho rng c hai kim loi u kt tinh cng mt kiu mng th sao?
Mt cn: Vy cu lm sao bit c bn knh ca vng khi ngi ta li cho bc. Vng chu
k 6 nn bn knh to hn bc l hn ri, nhng u c biu thc no lin h bn knh gia cc
nguyn t?
u to: , ha Hay hm sau hi c gio xem.
Qua on i thoi trn, bn hy cho bit c th tnh c khi lng ring ca vng hay
khng. Nu c hy a ra kt qu c th, cn nu khng hy lp lun chng minh theo mt
cch khc bn mt cn.
2. Kt qu xc nh hm lng phng x ca mt mu thin thch cho thy trong c 1,21
g
206
Pb v 4,4 g
238
U. Bit rng hng s phn r k = 4,5.10
9
nm.
a) Hy tnh tui ca mu thin thch.
b) Xc nh tc u ca s phn r (phn r/pht).

CU 2
1. S dng thuyt trng tinh th hy gii thch cc d kin sau:
a) [Fe(CN)
6
]
3-
ch c 1e c thn trong khi [Fe(H
2
O)
6
]
3+
c 5e c thn.
b) [Ni(CN)
4
]
2-
nghch t trong khi [NiCl
4
]
2-
thun t.
2. Gi thit mt v tr khc, bng h thng tun hon li c sp xp theo mt trt t
khc. C th nh sau:
n lun phi l s nguyn dng (n > 0).
l nm trong on [0, n].
m
l
lun phi l s l v nm trong tp Z. Vi m
l
dng th lsm
l
s 2l, vi m
l
m th -2ls m
l
s -l.
m
s
c th nhn hai gi tr 1/2.
Vy ng vi n = 4 c bao nhiu nguyn t c th c?
K THI CHN HC SINH GII QUC GIA NM 2012
THI LUYN TP S 1

Phn 1: HA HC I CNG - V C

Chemistry: Our Life, Our Feature
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CHEMISTRY
2011
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CU 3
1. Khi tinh th silic nguyn cht tip xc vi khng kh ngay lp tc s hnh thnh mt lp
mng oxit dy 1 2 nm trn b mt.
Si
(r)
+ O
2(k)
SiO
2(r)
G
o
= -902000 + 174T (J/mol)
a) Chng minh phn ng trn xy ra t pht 25
o
C nu cho rng khng kh l hn hp gm
80% N
2
v 20% O
2
.
b) Mt phng php bo v c ngh l t tinh th Si vo bnh chn khng h p sut
oxy xung mc 1.10
-8
atm. Vy 500 K phng php ny c t hiu qu hay khng?
2. Mt dung dch cha 160,0 g nc v 100,0 g canxi nitrat vi in cc than ch c in
phn trong 12 gi vi dng in c cng 5,00 A. Khi kt thc in phn, khi lng
dung dch gim 41,9 g. Tnh lng canxi nitrat tetrahidrat (Ca(NO
3
)
2
4H
2
O) ti a c th
ha tan c trong 100,0 g nc nhit ny.
3. K nim ct mc dn s th gii t 7 t
Mt iu rt th v l m hnh s pht trin dn s cng kh tng ng vi m hnh ng
hc cc phn ng n gin. Vo nm 1798 Malthus a ra cng thc dN/dt = s sinh s
t. Cho rng s ngi sinh ra v mt i t l tuyn tnh vi dn s th gii.
a) Hy lp mt biu thc th hin qu trnh ny.
b) Cho bit phng trnh thu c c khp vi cc d kin a ra sau y hay khng?
Nm 1750 1825 1922 1960 1974 1987 2000
N.10
9
(t) 0,5 1 2 3 4 5 6

CU 4
1. Hnh di l gin Pourbaix (E-pH) ca Mg
2+
0,02M.
Hy cho bit:
a) Th kh chun ca cp Mg
2+
/Mg.
b) K
s
Mg(OH)
2.
.
c) Th ca cp Mg(OH)
2
/Mg pH = 12.
d) Cho bit Mg kim loi c b n mn E = 0,
pH = 13 hay khng?
2. Tin hnh chun 100 mL dung dch H
3
PO
4
0,1M bng 100 mL dung dch NaOH cha
r nng . Lc ny h tr thnh mt pin nng vi th E = 0,3000 V (E
o
= 0,2000 V).
Xc nh C
NaOH
nu bit rng K
1
, K
2
v K
3
ca H
3
PO
4
ln lt l 7,5.10
-3
; 6,2.10
-8
; 4,8.10
-13
.


Chemistry: Our Life, Our Feature
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CHEMISTRY
2011
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CU 5
Cho mt hp cht A cha bit mu nu sm, trong c nguyn t X chim 34,06 %
khi lng. A phn ng mnh lit vi nc gii phng mt kh B rt c (trong B th X
chim 91,18% khi lng) v mt hp cht t tan C. B lp tc bc chy ngay khi tip xc vi
khng kh sinh ra ngn la mu xanh v chuyn thnh c hp cht D. Khi sc B qua dung
dch mui E s xut hin kt ta F. Bit 1,00 g mui E phn ng c vi lng d KBr sinh
ra 1,11 g kt ta H.
Hp cht I c cng thc tng t nh cng thc hp cht A nhng nguyn t X trong
hp cht ny c thay th bng nguyn t Y cng phn nhm chnh, trong Y ch
chim 18,9 % khi lng. Hp cht Y phn ng vi nc sinh ra mt kh Z c kh nng ha
tan hon ton kt ta H.
Xc nh cc cht cha bit trong bi.



Chemistry: Our Life, Our Feature
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5

CHEMISTRY
2011
OlympiaVN
Forum OLYMPIAVN
Box HA HC

CU 1
1. a) V cng thc cu to c ch thch lp th ca ng phn quang hc (4aS, 5R, 8aR) ca cht C:

b) V cng thc phi cnh ca cu trng bn nht ca cht trn.
2. Khi thc hin phn ng hydro ha (+)-Pulegon xc tc Pd/C iu ch hn hp hai ng phn
menton v isomenton, ngi ta thy rng c s to thnh ca mt sn phm ph. Cho bit cu trc c
th c ca sn phm ph ny v gii thch.

Bit rng trong phn ng hydro ha trn, ni i C=O khng th b kh.
3. Khi thc hin phn ng Diels - Alder gia buta-1,3-dien v etilen, hiu sut ca s to
thnh sn phm xiclohexan khng cao nh d on. Thay vo , ngi ta nhn thy s to
thnh mt sn phm khc chim u th hn. Cho bit l sn phm g (khng cn gii
thch).

CU 2
1. Xt phn ng sau:

a) Bit rng giai on u ca phn ng l s deproton ha to thnh cacbanion. Hy ngh hai
c ch kh d cho phn ng trn.

K THI CHN HC SINH GII QUC GIA NM 2012
THI LUYN TP S 1

Phn 2: HA HC HU C
Chemistry: Our Life, Our Feature
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CHEMISTRY
2011
OlympiaVN
b) Ngi ta chun b mt hn hp t l 1 : 1 gm:
Tc cht trn vi 2 nhm metyl b teri ho hon ton.
Tc cht y nhng 2 nhm metyl khng b teri ha (phng php nh du ng v hai ln
double labeling).
Sau khi phn ng kt thc hon ton, hy cho bit trong mi c ch c ngh trn, thnh phn
ca sn phm s gm nhng cht no?
c) Phn tch thnh phn sn phm sau khi phn ng kt thc hon ton, ngi ta thy rng c 4 sn
phm vi hm lng % mi sn phm xp x bng 25%, trong sn phm cha 3 nguyn t teri
chim 50%. Hi c ch no l ph hp? Gii thch cho kt qu thu c.
2. Gii thch kt qu ca 2 phn ng sau:


CU 3
1. Vit cu trc ca hp cht vng, C
18
H
21
NO
4
c to thnh t phn ng ca 1 mol amoniac, 1mol
phenylaxetandehit v 2 mol etyl axetoaxetat. Lm th no cht c th chuyn thnh dn xut
pyridin?

Cho bit Z l mt hp cht vng su; khc vi W, hp cht V khng lm mt mu dung dch
nc brom. Xc tc cho s chuyn ha t W sang V l than hot tnh 600
o
C.
Hp cht W c tng hp t chui phn ng sau:

a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca cc cht W, X, Y, Z, V, A, B v vit cc phng trnh ho hc
tng ng ca chui phn ng trn.
b) Xc nh cc ng phn c th c ca Z.

CU 4
1. Hon tt chui phn ng sau:

Cho bit trong phn ng (2), I
2
ng vai tr l mt axit Lewis m du.
un hi lu
Chemistry: Our Life, Our Feature
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CHEMISTRY
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2. Hy tng hp cht sau y t xiclohexan v H
2
18
O. c php dng thm cc cht hu c
khng qu 3C khng mang ng v
18
O.

CU 5
1. Cho bit cu trc ca disaccarit A trong dy chuyn ha sau y:

Gii thch ti sao s thy phn A cho hiu sut sn phm mong mun thp.
2. Mt heptapeptit bao gm cc aminoaxit sau: Asp, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe v Tyr. Xc nh
trt t sp xp peptit nu bit rng:
a) Trypsin khng cho sn phm ct mch.
b) Thoi phn Edman cho sn phm c cu trc nh hnh bn
c) Ct mch bng Chymotrypsin cho mt dipeptit, mt
tetrapeptit (Leu, Lys, Met) v mt aminoaxit t do.
d) BrCN cho mt dipeptit, mt tetrapeptit v mt aminoaxit
t do.