Brian Lynch, Big Ass Fans

Secretary
Committee Member thru June 2012
Michael ORourke, Radiant Advantage
Voting Member
Committee Member thru June 2011
Brian Lynch
Brian Lynch
, Big Ass Fans
, Big Ass Fans
Secretary
Secretary
Committee Member thru June 2012
Committee Member thru June 2012
Michael O
Michael O

Rourke
Rourke
, Radiant Advantage
, Radiant Advantage
Voting Member
Voting Member
Committee Member thru June 2011
Committee Member thru June 2011
ANSI/ASHRAE 55
ANSI/ASHRAE 55
-
-
2004
2004
Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy
Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) 55
Meets:
ASHRAE Winter Meeting (January)
ASHRAE Annual Meeting (June)
Conference Call 2-4 times per year
Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) 55 Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) 55

Meets:
Meets:
ASHRAE Winter Meeting (January) ASHRAE Winter Meeting (January)
ASHRAE Annual Meeting (June) ASHRAE Annual Meeting (June)

Conference Call 2
Conference Call 2
-
-
4 times per year
4 times per year
ANSI/ASHRAE 55
ANSI/ASHRAE 55
-
-
2004
2004
Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy
The ASHRAE Research Strategic Plan centers on the
concept of Sustainability.
One of the goals of this research is to optimize and
make consistent ASHRAE Standards 90, 62, and 55 to
achieve measured and verified high system energy
efficiency with high indoor environmental quality.
The ASHRAE Research Strategic Plan centers on the The ASHRAE Research Strategic Plan centers on the
concept of Sustainability. concept of Sustainability.
One of the goals of this research is to optimize and One of the goals of this research is to optimize and
make consistent make consistent ASHRAE Standards 90, 62, and ASHRAE Standards 90, 62, and 55 55 to to
achieve measured and verified high system energy achieve measured and verified high system energy
efficiency with high indoor environmental quality. efficiency with high indoor environmental quality.
ASHRAE Research
ASHRAE Research
Thermal comfort is the
main reason we have
buildings.
Thermal comfort is the
Thermal comfort is the
main reason we have
main reason we have
buildings.
buildings.
ANSI/ASHRAE 55
ANSI/ASHRAE 55
-
-
2004
2004
Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy
Tents are pretty energy
efficient.
Tents are pretty energy
Tents are pretty energy
efficient.
efficient.
ANSI/ASHRAE 55
ANSI/ASHRAE 55
-
-
2004
2004
Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy
History
History
1966
1966

replaced 1938 Code for Minimum

replaced 1938 Code for Minimum
Requirements for Comfort Air Conditioning
Requirements for Comfort Air Conditioning
Comfort Zone = 73
Comfort Zone = 73
-
-
77 F, 20 to 60 % RH, 45
77 F, 20 to 60 % RH, 45
fpm
fpm
Section 1
Purpose:
- specify the combinations of
indoor thermal environmental factors
personal factors
- acceptable to a majority of the occupants
within the space.
Section 1
Section 1
Purpose: Purpose:
- - specify the combinations of specify the combinations of
indoor thermal environmental factors indoor thermal environmental factors
personal factors personal factors
- - acceptable to a majority of the occupants acceptable to a majority of the occupants
within the space. within the space.
ANSI/ASHRAE 55
ANSI/ASHRAE 55
-
-
2004
2004
Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy
Section 2 Scope
Addresses environmental factors
And personal factors
up to 10,000 ft
doesnt cover air quality, etc.
Section 3 Definitions
Section 4 - General Requirements
must specify the space to which it applies
activity and clothing of the occupants must be considered
Section 2
Section 2

Scope
Scope
Addresses environmental factors Addresses environmental factors
And personal factors And personal factors
up to 10,000 ft up to 10,000 ft
doesn doesn t cover air quality, etc. t cover air quality, etc.
Section 3
Section 3

Definitions
Definitions
Section 4
Section 4
-
-
General Requirements
General Requirements
must specify the space to which it applies must specify the space to which it applies
activity and clothing of the occupants must be considered activity and clothing of the occupants must be considered
ANSI/ASHRAE 55
ANSI/ASHRAE 55
-
-
2004
2004
Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy
Section 5 Conditions that Provide Thermal Comfort
5.1 Introduction
Six Primary Thermal Comfort Variables

Air temperature

Humidity
Section 5 Conditions that Provide Thermal Comfort
5.1 Introduction
Six Primary Thermal Comfort Variables Six Primary Thermal Comfort Variables


Air temperature Air temperature


Humidity Humidity
ANSI/ASHRAE 55
ANSI/ASHRAE 55
-
-
2004
2004
Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy
Section 5
5.1 Introduction
Six Primary Thermal Comfort Variables
Metabolic rate
Clothing insulation
Air temperature
Radiant temperature
Air Speed
Humidity
Section 5
5.1 Introduction
Six Primary Thermal Comfort Variables Six Primary Thermal Comfort Variables
Metabolic rate Metabolic rate
Clothing insulation Clothing insulation
Air temperature Air temperature
Radiant temperature Radiant temperature
Air Speed Air Speed
Humidity Humidity
ANSI/ASHRAE 55
ANSI/ASHRAE 55
-
-
2004
2004
Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy
Method for Determining Acceptable
Thermal Conditions in Occupied
Spaces (Section 5.2)
Graphical Method for Typical Indoor
Environments
Computer Model Method for General
Indoor Application
Method for Determining Acceptable
Method for Determining Acceptable
Thermal Conditions in Occupied
Thermal Conditions in Occupied
Spaces (Section 5.2)
Spaces (Section 5.2)

Graphical Method for Typical Indoor
Graphical Method for Typical Indoor
Environments
Environments

Computer Model Method for General
Computer Model Method for General
Indoor Application
Indoor Application
ANSI/ASHRAE 55
ANSI/ASHRAE 55
-
-
2004
2004
Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy
Acceptable Range of Operative
Acceptable Range of Operative
Temperatures
Temperatures ASHRAE 55 ASHRAE 55- -2004, Figure 5.2.1.1 2004, Figure 5.2.1.1
Acceptable Range of Operative
Acceptable Range of Operative
Temperatures
Temperatures Figure 5.2.1.1 Figure 5.2.1.1
Operative Temperature Operative Temperature
predicted mean vote (PMV) predicted mean vote (PMV): : an index that predicts the an index that predicts the mean mean
value of the votes value of the votes of a large group of persons on the seven of a large group of persons on the seven- -
point thermal sensation scale. point thermal sensation scale.
PMV model uses heat balance principles to relate the six key PMV model uses heat balance principles to relate the six key
factors for thermal comfort to the average response of factors for thermal comfort to the average response of
people on a seven point scale. people on a seven point scale.
predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD): : an index that an index that
establishes a quantitative establishes a quantitative prediction of the percentage of prediction of the percentage of
thermally dissatisfied people thermally dissatisfied people determined from PMV. determined from PMV.
PMV
PMV

PPD Index
PPD Index
Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) <10% Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) <10%
Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) > Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) >- -0.5 to <+0.5 0.5 to <+0.5
+3 hot +3 hot
+2 warm +2 warm
+1 slightly warm +1 slightly warm
0 neutral 0 neutral
- -1 slightly cool 1 slightly cool
- -2 cool 2 cool
- -3 cold 3 cold
ASHRAE Thermal Sensation Scale
ASHRAE Thermal Sensation Scale
Acceptable Range of Operative
Acceptable Range of Operative
Temperatures
Temperatures ASHRAE 55 ASHRAE 55- -2004, Figure 5.2.1.1 2004, Figure 5.2.1.1
Acceptable Range of Operative
Acceptable Range of Operative
Temperatures
Temperatures ASHRAE 55 ASHRAE 55- -2004, Figure 5.2.1.1 2004, Figure 5.2.1.1
Acceptable Range of Operative
Acceptable Range of Operative
Temperatures
Temperatures ASHRAE 55 ASHRAE 55- -2004, Figure 5.2.1.1 2004, Figure 5.2.1.1
Local Thermal Discomfort Factors
Local Thermal Discomfort Factors
Radiant temperature Asymmetry Radiant temperature Asymmetry
Vertical air temperature difference Vertical air temperature difference
Floor surface temperature Floor surface temperature
Temperature variation with time Temperature variation with time
Cyclic variations in operative temperature Cyclic variations in operative temperature
Drifts or ramps Drifts or ramps
Draft Draft (in winter) (in winter) - - ISO Comfort Standard 7730 defines draft as ISO Comfort Standard 7730 defines draft as Unwanted local cooling Unwanted local cooling . .
A certain percentage of people are usually dissatisfied by a factor other than
thermal sensation, such as draft or radiant asymmetry.
ASHRAE Thermal Comfort Tool
ASHRAE Thermal Comfort Tool
Typical Office Cooling Values
Air temperature (75 F)
Humidity (50% RH)
Metabolic rate (1 met)
Radiant temperature (75 F)
Clothing insulation (0.5 to 1.0 clo)
Air speed (40 fpm or less)
Typical Office Cooling Values
Typical Office Cooling Values

Air temperature (75
Air temperature (75

F)
F)

Humidity (50% RH)
Humidity (50% RH)

Metabolic rate (1 met)
Metabolic rate (1 met)

Radiant temperature (75
Radiant temperature (75

F)
F)

Clothing insulation (0.5 to 1.0 clo)
Clothing insulation (0.5 to 1.0 clo)

Air speed (40 fpm or less)
Air speed (40 fpm or less)
Designing for Thermal Comfort
Designing for Thermal Comfort
-
-
Cooling
Cooling
Savings from Raising Thermostat
Savings from Raising Thermostat
Settings in Cooling
Settings in Cooling
Rule of Thumb
Each degree of thermostat offset saves ~ 2%of cooling energy
Energy Model - 20,000 ft
2
Office
Rule of Thumb
Rule of Thumb
Each degree of thermostat offset saves ~ 2%of cooling energy
Energy Model
Energy Model
-
-
20,000 ft
20,000 ft
2 2
Office
Office
Location Location 75F Cooling 75F Cooling 79.7F Cooling 79.7F Cooling % %
Reduction Reduction
Miami Miami 121,290 kWh 121,290 kWh 108,735 kWh 108,735 kWh 10.35 % 10.35 %
Houston Houston 94,420 kWh 94,420 kWh 87,046 kWh 87,046 kWh 7.81 % 7.81 %
Los Angeles Los Angeles 45,913 kWh 45,913 kWh 43,404 kWh 43,404 kWh 5.46 % 5.46 %
Kansas City Kansas City 50,575 kWh 50,575 kWh 46,071 kWh 46,071 kWh 8.91 % 8.91 %
Chicago Chicago 43,035 kWh 43,035 kWh 39,175 kWh 39,175 kWh 9.01 % 9.01 %
Denver Denver 38,904 kWh 38,904 kWh 35, 147 kWh 35, 147 kWh 9.66 % 9.66 %
Madison Madison 38,147 kWh 38,147 kWh 34,799 kWh 34,799 kWh 8.78 % 8.78 %
Air Speed Required to Offset
Air Speed Required to Offset
Increased Temperature
Increased Temperature Figure 5.2.3 Figure 5.2.3
Air Speed Required to Offset
Air Speed Required to Offset
Increased Temperature
Increased Temperature Figure 5.2.3 Figure 5.2.3
Acceptable Range of Operative
Acceptable Range of Operative
Temperatures
Temperatures ASHRAE 55 ASHRAE 55- -2004, Figure 5.2.1.1 2004, Figure 5.2.1.1
11 11 F per clo F per clo effect of changing clothing insulation on the effect of changing clothing insulation on the
optimum operative temperature optimum operative temperature
Radiant heating or cooling sources do not change Radiant heating or cooling sources do not change
the temperature of the air in a space directly. the temperature of the air in a space directly.
Due to the wavelength of the energy, an object is Due to the wavelength of the energy, an object is
directly heated or cooled without cooling the air directly heated or cooled without cooling the air
between. between.
Radiant Temperature
Radiant Temperature
Standard 55 must find ways to better support Standard 55 must find ways to better support
High Performance Buildings better. High Performance Buildings better.
Change in Air speed limits good step. Change in Air speed limits good step.
Must work on Adaptive Method. Must work on Adaptive Method.
Where is the Standard going?
Where is the Standard going?
Acceptable Operative Temperature
Acceptable Operative Temperature
Ranges for Naturally Conditioned Spaces
Ranges for Naturally Conditioned Spaces
Figure 5.3 Figure 5.3
t t
oc oc
= 66 + 0.255( = 66 + 0.255(t t
out out
- - 32) 32) F F
Acceptable Operative Temperature
Acceptable Operative Temperature
Ranges for Naturally Conditioned Spaces
Ranges for Naturally Conditioned Spaces
Figure 5.3 Figure 5.3
76.5 76.5
Denver = Denver =
73.4 73.4 F F
76.6 76.6
Mixed Mode ventilation Mixed Mode ventilation swing seasonal use, swing seasonal use,
different zones. different zones.
Where is the Standard going?
Where is the Standard going?
What are people submitting for Standard 55 What are people submitting for Standard 55
compliance (LEED and Standard 189.1) compliance (LEED and Standard 189.1)
Where is the Standard going?
Where is the Standard going?
Rearrange standard to start with occupant. Start Rearrange standard to start with occupant. Start
with parameters such as metabolic rate, clothing, with parameters such as metabolic rate, clothing,
and then working outward. and then working outward.
Move impact of clo on setpoints from Appendix B Move impact of clo on setpoints from Appendix B
to front of normative body of standard. to front of normative body of standard.
Where is the Standard going?
Where is the Standard going?
HVAC is for people, requirements are for HVAC is for people, requirements are for
occupants, not buildings. occupants, not buildings.
Goal should be to focus on making people Goal should be to focus on making people
comfortable not buildings. comfortable not buildings.
Where is the Standard going?
Where is the Standard going?