PHYSICS

"manishkumarphysics.in"
1
1. isa ifa
zil. ~--ni+ -ii =ii+ ~+i +i -i- l< n -<iti ,ii =nni i =+-i t
ni- ni. tn l+=i z +i n-i: +i ni- +-i t tn := += + =+- t `
(a) =nic ni- +i -in +- : ((=i ni-i l= +n =nic l--t ~l+- ti)
tn 4 =nic n-i: +i nin
l z +i n-i: 4 = ~li+ ti ni nl+- := tn 4.1 =nic i 4.2 =nic -ti +t =+- +il+ ni-i +n = nic
ni =+-i t :== l-+ ni- +i -ti ni =+-i
* t ni-i =nic +i iii-i = ni =+-i t
* ~- :=+i sai+ 1 =nic t
(b) lnnic ni- +i -in +- : ((=i ni-i l= lnnic ~l+- ti-i t)
tn = 4.2 cm n-i: +i nin. il+ ~i l-+ ni t l< tn ~i l-+-i = v-ii + -i n-i: 4.2 =
iii =i i<i t nl+- tn n-i: +i 4.21, i 4.22, i 4.20 -ti +t =+- +il+ ni-i +n 0.1 =nic (1
lnnic) -+ ni- + =+-i t. :== l-+ -ti
* t ni-i 0.1 =nic -+ +i iii-i -+ ni- + =+-i t
* :=+i sai+ 0.1 =nic t
l n ~li+-n ~l-lz---i 0.1=nic ti =+-i t
l n ~li+-n =-i zil 0.1=nic ti =+-i t
n-i: +i ni- = 4.2 =nic, :=n <i =ii+ ~+ 4 -ii 2 t. l=n 4 l-lz-- ~+ -ii 2 ~l-lz-- ~+ (nnin
=ti) t +il+ ti 0.1 cm +i ~l-lz---i t
v kSj fud V
eki u kIr d j usd sfy ,
(c) l- +ni= +i -in +- : ( t ~i ~li+ l-+ ~ii- 0.01 cm ni- + =+-i t)
:== l = 4.23 cm n-i: ni- t i l+ ~i l-+ ni- t
* t 0.01 =nic -+ iii-i = ni =+-i t
~--ni+ = 0.01 cm l n ~li+-n ~l-lz---i = 0.01cm ti =+-i t
l n ~li+-n =-i zil 0.01cm ti =+-i t
n-i: +i ni- = 4.23 cm. :=n -i- =ii+ ~+ ; 4 , 2 -ii 3, t ; l=n 4 -ii 2 l-lz-- ~+ -ii 3
~l-lz-- ~+ t +il+ ti 0.01 cm +i ~l-lz---i t
~i l-+ ni- vi-- +- + ln(
(d) -+n +i -in + =+- t : ( t 0.001 cm -+ ni- + =+-i t)
PHYSICS
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2
:== tn z +i n-i: = 4.234 cm nin
* n ~li+-n =-i ~l-lz---i (zil) = 0.001 cm ti =+-i t
* n-i: = 4.234 cm n -i =ii+ ~+ t ; 4 , 2 , 3 -ii 4.
i- ziz i- ziz i- ziz ~ilzi+
zi z
- ~i ~li+ l-+ ni- +- + ln(
(e) tn ni:+i-+i (=-n<zii) +i -in +- t
tn = 4.2342 =nic n-i: nin
* l n ~li+-n =-i ~l-lz---i (zil) = 0.0001cm t
* n-i: = 4.2342 cm n i- =ii+ ~+ ; 4 , 2 , 3 ,4 -ii 2 t
2. uii+ +
-i+- -<iti = . tn l--- l-+i l-+in =+- t +i l+=i ii nil- ilzi n
=ii+ ~+ = l-lz-- =i( (i i- ziz ~+) + vin ~l-lz-- =i
2. 1 uii+ + aia +a + fa4 :
fa4 1 : =ii ~zi - ~ + =ii + ~ + ti - t
~ii - 123.56 n i - =ii + ~ + t
fa4 2 : <i ~zi - ~ +i + n ~i- in ~ + =ii + ~ + (--) +tni- t
~ii - 1230.05 n z =ii + ~ + t
fa4 3 :
<zinn l-< + z-i- ~i- in zi - =ii + ~+ ti - t (i<i iii-i (accuracy) <zii - t )
l seh0 l seh0 l seh0
v fr fudV
nksl kFkZd v ad r hu l kFkZd v ad pkj l kFkZd v ad
(+ i ni- ti - + z-i- . =ii + ~ + ni- +i l-+-i + ~- =i l-ii l- ti i- t ~ l< := ni- +i lli--
nizi+i n <zii ( -i . =ii + ~ + ll- - -ti ti - (=ii + ~ + + n ni- +i ii i-i l-i +-i t )
uii+ + rzii uf+ia ra r, ii+ sffaa ria s it uii+ + sffaa art ria+
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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ni-i lnnic ni- +i -in +- tn = 85 lnnic n-i: vi-- ti-i t ( <i =ii+ ~+ )
l< :=+i tn ~- nizi+ n v<lzi - +-i -it- t -i
85 feeh0
85000 ekbkseh0
= 8.5 10 ekbkseh0
4
0.000085 fd eh0
= 8.5 10
5
fd eh0
8.5 l seh0 0.085 eh0
=ii n =ii + ~ + <i ti ti - -ilt
~in ~i- in l-n =ii + ~ + + :=i = -ii l-n ~iiil- t
fa4 4 : -i+- -<iti = .
0.000085ehfd eh0
l kFkZd v ad ughagSA
bl esanksl kFkZd v ad gSA;
:=n <i =ii + ~ + t 8 -ii 5, :- ~ +i = tn ~i- in zi- =ii + ~+ -ti t
y+ u + int u 4i <zin f-< + i< ia in aii vi zi -4 + + srn ia in zi -4 uii + +
art ria r+ (+n ii+ + sfaa + +ii ria r+)
0.000305 =ii + ~ + 3 t
3.05 10
4
=ii + ~ + 3 t
fa4 5 : -i+- -<iti =
:=n 8 -ii 5 <i =ii + ~ + t ~- :-+ i< n ~i- in zi - =ii + ~+ -ti t
fai <zin f-< in +i + fui 4i -a ia in zi-4 uii+ + art ria
(+n ii+ sfaa + +ii ria r+)
154 nic = 15400 =nic = 15400 lnnic
= 154 10
9
--ini
=ii n =ii + ~ + -i- t i< n ~i- in zi - =ii + ~ + -ti t
fa4 6 : ti + z l-lz-- ni- l<i t i l+ i t ~ii-
=i +i =i = 12 (ai+ exact) = 12.000000...........
:= -t + ni- n ~--- ii i-i ti-i t ~- :=n =ii+ ~+ ti - t
* +-ii n lili i +i = i = 125 (ai+)
* l-i- n v+izi +i -in = 299,792,458 m/s (ai+)
Ex.1 3.0800 n =ii+ ~+i +i =i ai- +i
Sol. =ii + ~ + = 5 , +i l+ <zinn + z-i- ~i- in zi - =ii + ~ + ti - t
Ex.2 0.00418 n =ii + ~+i +i =i ai- +i
Sol. =ii + ~ += 3 , ~-- n ~i- in zi- =i.~ + -ti ti -
Ex.3 3500 n =ii+ ~ +i +i =i -i:
Sol. =ii+ ~ + n = <i , ~-- n ~i- in zi- =ii+ ~ + -ti ti -
Ex.4 300.00 n +n =ii + ~ + -i:
Sol. =ii + ~ + = 5 , <zinn ~ + + z-i- ~i- in zi - =ii + ~ + ti - t
Ex.5 5.003020 n =ii + ~ + -i: `
Sol. =ii + ~ + = =i-, <zinn + z-i- ~i- in zi - =ii+ ~ + ti - t
Ex.6 6.020 10
23
n =ii + ~+ +i = i ai- +i `
Sol. =ii+ ~+ = -i ; 6, 0, 2, 0 ; zi i 23 zi- =ii+ ~+ -ti t
PHYSICS
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Ex.7 1.60 10
19
n =ii + ~+ ai- +i `
Sol. =ii+ ~+= 3 ; 1, 6, 0 ; zii 19 zi- =ii+ ~+ -ti t
2. 2 uii+ +i + aui niaiy :
uii+ +i + aui + nfiat4 niai4 u 4in -44+na nii aii iin+
(a) 4in -44+na
:= vl+i + ln( -i- l< -<iti +i n-
=n ni n+ n nii ni iin +i n-i: ( lnnic ni- = ) 75.4 cm-ii ni n+ +i nii ni lzii (l- = ) 2.53 cm
t
--
= + r ai- +i
+n 0.1 =nic ( <zinn + vin ~+) -+ ai- t tn t -ti i-- l+
<zinn + vin ~ + + z-i- ~nni ~ + +i t
~- tn lni =+- t =75.4 cm = 75.4? cm -ii lzii r = 2.53 cm
l< tn -ii r +i i- t -i tn < i- tl+3 + =ii i- ini ~ + -i ti -ti t
= 75.4 cm
= 75.4? cm
r = 2.53 cm
~- := -ii- +i zi < - t

- -
= 75.4? + 2.53 = 77.9? cm = 77.9 cm
4in aii -44+na + fa4 -44+na : (asia a<iri s iriifa)
* =vin =ii ilzii +i ---n iii ilzi + <zinn -ii-i -+ ii l+- +i
* :=+ z-i- =iiii lli = i +n- +i
~ii -
nii iin + fa4
ni-i tn l--- +i nii +-i t 2.11 x 1.2 = 2.11 ? x 1.2 ?
2 . 11 ?
x 1.2 ?
? ? ? ?
4 2 2 ? x
2 1 1 ? x x
2.5 ? ? ? ? = 2.5
~- <i-i =i~i n l= =i n =ii+ ~+ ---n tin --i n --- ti =ii+ ~+ tin
nii. iin =iiii lli = +-i t
--i +i <i-i =i~i n = ---n =ii+ ~+ ini =i -+ iil+- +-i t
3 l k- v ad r d
i w. kkZafd r d j uk gSA
l k- v ad l k- v ad
Ex.9 (+ i- +i ii = 1.2 10
2
m t :=+ ~i-- +i ni-i +i `
Sol. = 1.2 10
2
V =
3
= (1.2 10
2
) (1.2 10
2
) (1.2 10
2
)
=i.~+ 2 =i.~+ 2 =i.~+ 2
= 1.728 10
6
m
3
2 =i.~+i -+ iil+- +i
= 1.7 10
6
m
3
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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siif+a (Rounding off) +a + fa4
l= =i +i iil+- +-i t l< t 5 (50%) ; = +n t -i -= zi <
47.833
jsa kZaafdr d rd iw.k d LFkku , ds keyo n'
47.8
l< ii l+- +- ini = i 5(50%), = ~li+ ti -i ~ l-n =i +i 1 ci <i
47.862
jsa kZaafdr d rd iw.k d LFkku , ds keyo n'
47.9

; fn i w. kkZafd r d j usoky hl a[ ; k Bhd gksr ks 5(50%)

; fn v fUr e l a[ ; k l e gksr ks
d ksNksM+ns 5(50%)
; fn v fUr e l a[ ; k fo"ke gksr ks
v fUr e v ad d ks c<+k nsA 1
Ex.10 ~i n + l-n + vi n n l-i i + l=i nn i -ni +i iai + 12.5 V -ii iii +i iai+ i = 0.20At -i
vl-i i iii =ii + ~ +i -+ ai- +i
Sol.
R =
V 12.5
i 0.20
= = 62.5
l k v ad 3
r d i w. kkZafdr dj ks
2 l kav ad ksa
62
l k v ad 2
Ex.11 -+n +i =ti-i = (+ -i +i lzii 2.50 lnnic ai- +- t lnnic ni- = -i +i n-i: 50.0 = nic t l<
-i +i <ni- 25 n in nii i-i t -i -i +i i- -l-- =ii+ ~+i -+ ai- +i ` (t = 3.14 ai+)
Sol. =

2
r
m
t
=
( ) nksl k-v ad
r hu l k-v ad r hu l k-v ad
= 2.5465
nks
l k-v ad
2.5 xzke@l seh0
3
3. sai+ :
tn c ( a -1 = ) - + t l+ +i : ii ni- iii -ti ti -i v + -+i (+ l-lz-- iii -i -+ ti ni =+-i t .
:= ~--ni+ +t- t
4. a4 (Permissible) ifa
vi n n v +- l+ n ni+-zii +i iii -i +i =ini + +ii ~i- ini zi l +i ~- n zi l +t- t
lnnic ni- = 1lnnic iii-i (~--ni+) -+ ni- + =+- t :== tn l--- v+i ni- vi-- +n
= 34 mm
~li+-n ~l-lz---i 1 lnnic vi-- ti-i t
~li+-n ~- n zil (A) = 1 lnnic t
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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-- l< ~- -+i +i -in +- = 34.5 lnnic vi-- ti-i t -i ~-n zil (A) = 0.1 lnnic vi--
ti-i t
-ii l< ~li+ iii -+i +i -i n +- = 34.527 lnnic vi-- ti -i t -i
~li+-n ~- n zi l (A) =0.001 lnnic =~ l-n = i +i -ii-i ni- t
ifsa ifzi fri+a a4 ifa =fa u4i +i iiat4 ia
5. v-4+ vf+ia ifzi ifa + +ii sfii fri+a a4 ifa :
ni-i liin f(x, y) n <i vl-i- ilzii x -ii y t
ni-i x n zil = Ax t ~ii- x e (x Ax, x + Ax)
y n zil = Ay ~ii- y e (y Ay, y + Ay)
Case : (I) l< f(x, y) = x + y
df = dx + dy
f n zil = Af = Ax Ay
f n ~li+-n =-i zi l = (Af)
~li+-n
= ( Ax Ay) +i ~li+-n
(Af)
max
= Ax + Ay
Case : (II) l< f = x y
df = dx dy
Af = Ax Ay
f n ~li+-n =-i zi l = (Af)
~li+-n
= ( Ax Ay) +i ~li+-n
(Af)
~li+-n
= Ax + Ay
fri+a a4 ifa aia +a + fny f-ri +i ru ar u -4fia +a r, aif+ ifa4i iy i
fri+a vii a-s-a +
~ii - f = 2x 3y - z
(Af)
~li+-n
= 2Ax + 3Ay + Az
Ex.12 (+ ~- -i< -ni + vi n n .
1
= 25.0 = nic -ii
2
= 75.0 = nic vi-- ti -i t l< ~i l-i n +i : zi l - ti -i l-
+i -in (f
0
= 325 Hz) n ~li+-n ~- n zi l +i ti ni `
V = 2f
0
(
2

1
)
(dV) = 2f
0
(d
2
d
1
)
(AV)
~li+-n
= [2f
0
( A
2
A
2
] +i ~li+-n
= 2f
0
(A
2
+ A
1
)

1
= 25.0 cm A
1
= 0.1 cm (~l-n =i +i -ii-i ni- )

1
= 75.0 cm A
2
= 0.1 cm (~l-n =i +i -ii-i ni- )
~- l- +i -in n ~li+-n ~- n zil (AV)
~li+-n
= 2(325 Hz) (0.1 cm+ 0.1 cm) = 1.3 m/s
V +i ni- = 2f
0
(
2

1
) = 2(325Hz) (75.0 cm - 25.0 cm) = 325 m/s
~- V = ( 325 1.3 ) m/s
Case(III) l< f(x, y, z) =(l--i+) x
a
y
b
z
c
<i-i -+ log n-
n f = n (l--i+) + a n x + b n y + c n z
<i-i -+ ~+n- +-
f
df
= 0 + a
x
dx
+ b
y
dy
+ c
z
dz

f
f A
= a
x
x A
b
y
y A
c
z
z A
vf/kdre
|
.
|

\
| A
f
f
= ( a
x
x A
b
y
y A
c
z
z A
) +i ~li+-n
~ii - f = (15) x
2
y
3/2
z
5
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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f
df
= 0 + 2
x
dx

2
3
y
dy
5
z
dz
f
f A
= 2
x
x A

2
3
y
y A
5
z
z A
vf/kdre
|
.
|

\
| A
f
f
= ( 2
x
x A

2
3
y
y A
5
z
z A
) +i ~li+-n
vf/kdre
|
.
|

\
| A
f
f
= 2
x
x A
+
2
3
y
y A
+ 5
z
z A
f-ri +i ru v+i -4fia +a r fuu f+ ifa4i at iy+
Ex.13 l< vl-ii +i vl-i- ni- R= 1.05 O, -i +i i= d = 0.60 lnnic -ii n-i: = 75.3 =nic ti -i vl-ii+-i
=

|
|
.
|

\
|
t
4
d
R
2
n ~li+-n ~- n zil ai- +i `
vf/kdre
|
|
.
|

\
|

A
=
R
R A
+ 2
d
d A
+

A
R = 1.05 O AR = 0.01 O (~--ni+)
d = 0.60 mm Ad = 0.01 lnnic (~-n-i+)
= 75.3 A = 0.1 =nic (~-n-i+)
%
vf/kdre
|
|
.
|

\
|

A
=

\
|
05 . 1
01 . 0
+ 2
mm 60 . 0
mm 01 . 0
+
|
.
|
cm 3 . 75
cm 1 . 0
100 = 4 %.
Ex.14 ~i n + l-n + ~- vi n n . vl-i i + l=i vl-i- lii- v = 5.0 i - t -ii v l-i- iii i = 2.00 (l- t
vl-i i n ~li+-n ~- n zi l ai- +i ?
Sol. R =
i
v
= v i
1
vf/kdre
|
.
|

\
| A
R
R
=
v
v A
+
i
i A
v = 5.0 i- Av = 0.1 i-
i = 2.00 (l- Ai = 0.01 (l-
%
vf/kdre
|
.
|

\
| A
R
R
= |
.
|

\
|
+
00 . 2
01 . 0
0 . 5
1 . 0
100 % = 2.5 %
l< n -ii = R +i ni- R =
i
v
=
5 . 2
00 . 2
0 . 5
=
O
~- lni =+- t R = ( 2.5 2.5% ) O
Ex.15 =n + vin n n vi-i-i nii+ ai- +- + ln( -i +i nil- i= D = 0.05 =nic. -i +i n-i: L =
125 =nic t -ii m = 20.0 l+nic ii ii i-i t -i -i n 0.100 =nic l--i ti-i t -i n + vi-i-i
nii+ (Y) n ~li+-n ~-n zil ai- +i `
Sol.
4 / d
mg
2
t
= Y (

x
) Y =
x d ) 4 / (
mg
2
t

vf/kdre
|
.
|

\
| A
Y
Y
=
m
m A
+

A
+ 2
d
d A
+
x
x A
m = 20.0 kg Am = 0.1 kg
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
8
= 125 m A = 1 cm
d = 0.050 cm Ad = 0.001 cm
x = 0.100 cm Ax = 0.001 cm
vf/kdre
|
.
|

\
| A
Y
Y
=
% 100
cm 100 . 0
cm 001 . 0
cm 05 . 0
cm 001 . 0
cm 125
cm 1
kg 0 . 20
kg 1 . 0

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + +
= 4.3 %
Ex.16 g +i ni- vi-- +- + ln( =n nin+ +i -i n +- t T = 2.00 sec; = 1.00 mnil- t -i g n ~li+-n
~- n zi l ai- +i ` g +i ni- ii ai- +i (
2
t
= 10 )
Sol. T = 2t
g

g =
2
2
T
4 t
max
g
g
|
|
.
|

\
| A
=

A
+ 2
T
T A
=
|
.
|

\
|
+
00 . 2
01 . 0
2
00 . 1
01 . 0
100 %. = 2 %
g +i ni- =
2
2
T
4 t
=
2
) 00 . 2 (
00 . 1 10 4
= 10.0 m/s
2
max
g
g
|
|
.
|

\
| A
= 2/100
100
2
0 . 10
g
max
=
A
(Ag)
max
=0.2 = g n ~li+-n zil
~- g = (10.0 0.2 ) m/s
2
ifa4i + v+i :
1. ic4 +i+i + +ii ifa :
vin + <ii- i vl--ii + +ii ti- ini zil i vin+-ii + l--zii + it ti -<iti +n + -i
n l-- inni <i ~il< l< liin +i viil- +- in +i+i +i l+i l+i i -i :- zili
n -l-- =ziii- l+i i =+-i t
2. as+it ifa :
v+ -+i i-+ -i i- t l+ ii :-n +z ~i-i ti-i t := ~i-i + liin-. :- -+ii
= ni- zil = n+- -ti ti i-i ni- -+ii + l-nii n ~i-i + +ii ~i- ini zil +i -+ii zil
+t- t :- zili + lnii l-- ti- t -ii :- zili + ln( -l-- =ziii- l+ i =+- t ~ii- l-
+ni= n zi- zil -ii -+n z- zil (backlash) ~il<
3. -4fana 4i u ifa :
<i v-i+ (+ ti -+i +i -in +- t - ii --+ vin +i liin ~nn~nn ~i-i t ~i l< (+
ti v-i+ (+ ti vin +i +: i + - ii vin + liin ~nn~nn ~i- t l+=i v-i+ ,ii :ni-<ii
~i ~-z -i+ = vin +- + i< ii ti- ini zil +i l+-n- zil +t- t :- zili +i ~= zil
ii +t- t +il+ +n ~= ti l-i +-i t liin n ~= zil + vii +i +n +- + ln(
~-+ v-ii ln i- t ~i i< n --+i ni lni i-i t (ni += lni i-i t. t ~nn < n =nnii
ni t)
4. iua ifa :
iai r f+ut ifzi +i isai r ai r ru+ +r ui v+ii a
1
, a
2
, a
3
. a
n .
na r+ v+ v-ii
n n zil -ii vl-zi- zil ai- +- + ln( l---lnli- l-<~i +i ~-=i +n
(a) == tn tn =ii -iii (a
1
, a
2
, a
3
. a
n
) +i ni ai- +- t : a
ni
= (a
1
+ a
2
+a
3
++ a
n
) / n
:=i ni (a
ni
) +i nil- ilzi +i == --in ni- ni-i i =+-i t
( b) s ifa :
l+=i ilzi + == --in =-i ni- i ni ni- -ii v + ni- + ~-- +i lnii n zi l +tni-i
t v+ nil- ni- +i n zil
Aa
n
= |a
ni
a
n
|
=ii n zil + nli-i ni +i ni n zil +t- t
Aa
ni
= (|Aa
1
| + |Aa
2
| + |Aa
3
|+...........+|Aa
n
|)/n
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
9
Aa
ni
=
n | a |
n
1 i
i
|
|
.
|

\
|
A

=
~- tn +t =+- t a
ni
Aa
ni
s a s a
ni
+ Aa
ni
( c) isf+i+ aii vfazia ifa
~i l-i+ zi l. ni n zi l -ii ~ + nli-i zi l +i ~- i- ti -i t
~i l-i+ zi l =
ek/;
ek/;
a
a A
~i l-i+ zi l +i vl-zi- n <zii - t -i := vl-zi- zi l +t- t
~- vl-zi- zil =
ek/;
ek/;
a
a A
100%
Ex.17 l+=i v-ii n g + l--- ni- vi-- ti- t
9.81, 9.80, 9.82, 9.79, 9.78, 9.84, 9.79, 9.78, 9.79 -ii 9.80 m/s
2
-i g n n zi l -ii vl-zi- zi l ai- +i `
Sol.
-l a- g dkeku i j e =kqfV Ag = |g
i
g |
1 9.81 0.01
2 9.80 0.00
3 9.82 0.02
4 9.79 0.01
5 9.78 0.02
6 9.84 0.04
7 9.79 0.01
8 9.78 0.02
9 9.79 0.01
10 9.80 0.00
g
ek/;
= 9.80
Ag
ek/;
=
10
g
i
A
=
10
14 . 0
= 0.014
vl-zi- zi l =
100
g
g

A
ek/;
ek/;
=
80 . 9
014 . 0
100 % = 0.14 %
~- g = ( 9.80 0.014 ) m/s
2
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
10
v4in # 1S
+n (u+ist)
-+ n +i -i n |
.
|

\
|
100
mm 1
l--i l-+ ni- i-- +- + ln( lni
i-i t <i- t l+ t 1 lnnic +i 100 =n iini n liil- +-i
t! (+ ii- n -+ (spindle) 1 mm ~in c i-i t (:= -+ +i
l- (-i ~--in) +t- t) -+ + ii- +i 100 iini n ii
i-i t (l= -ii+i ni-i +t- t ) := +i 1 lnnic +i 100 iini
n liil- l+i i-i t
1 ii- 1 mm
100 -ii+i iin 1 mm
~- 1 -ii+i iin
100
mm 1
= -+n +i ~--ni+
~- i+ =
+n +t uri4ai u f+ut a +t iair aia +ai !
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
11
+n +i fi :
l= -- +i ni- +-i t -= <i -i + i- n ii i-i t sleeve (+ ii ini iin t i l+ + n + =ii i t-i
t -ii n ni-i := ~ l+- ti -i t
spindle -ii thimble +i i +. -+ + =ii nl- +ii i-i t l-zii- =i thimble -ii+i ni-i ~ l+- t
:=n =iiii-i 100 iin ti - t (+ii+ii 50 iin ii ti - t )
n ni- n lnnic l--t ti - t (+ii+ii :=n lnnic l--t + -i- 1/2 lnnic l--t ii ~ l+- ti - t
(uiriiia4i +n +i fs 1 fto ri ai 4 sia s 1 fto f-r riai r aii 4f< fs 1/2 fto ri ai
ru 1/2 fto f-r it ria r+)
t -+i 0.01 lnnic (10 m) iii-i -+ c =+-i t := +ii := =-nnii (micrometer) +t- t
Ex.18 l< n =ini- -+n +i iai+ ai- +i
* n ni- n +n lnnic + l--t ~ l+- t
* -ii+i ni- n 100 iin t
* (+ i ii- n -+n 1 lnnic = ~in c i-i t
0
(mm)
5
60
70
10
oLr qdheksVkbZ= 11 mm + 65 (
100
1 mm
100
1 mm
)
= 11.65 mm
Soln:
Ex.19 l< n -+n +i iai+ ai- +i
* n ni- n
2
1
lnnic + l--t t
* -ii+i ni- n 50 iin t
* i i i- n . -+
2
1
lnnic ~in c i-i t
40
50
oLr qdheksVkbZ= 6.5 mm + 43 (
50
1/2 mm
)
= 6.93 mm
oLr qdheksVkbZ= 6.5 - - - -
6.5
Soln:
Ex.20 -i- l< n <i-i -+n + iai+ ai- +i
* n ni-
2
1
lnnic l--t t
* -ii+i ni- n 50 iin t
* (+ i ii - n . -+
2
1
lnnic ~in c i-i t
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
12
Ex.21 R= 100.0 O vl-i i -ii = 50.0 cmn-i: + -i +i -+ n + <i -i + i- ii i-i t :=+i iai + l-zi n
v<lzi - t :=+i vl-i i+-i =ti =ii + ~ +i n -ii n ~li+-n =-i ~- n zi l +nzi ai- +i `
0 10
oLr qd heksVkbZ= 8 mm + 42
1/ 2 mm
50
40
0
= 8.42 mm
Soln:
R
4 / d
2
t

=

=
4
d R
2
t
=
) 10 0 . 50 ( 4
) 10 42 . 8 ( ) 14 . 3 ( ) 0 . 100 (
2
3

O/m

d
=
R
dR
+
D
) D ( d 2
+

d
=
100
01 . 0
+ 2
42 . 8
01 . 0
+
50
1 . 0
= ....
Ex. 22. (+ i i i - n . -+ n +i spindle
2
1
lnnic = ~in c i-i t -ii+i ni- n 50 iin t n ni- n
2
1
lnnic
l--t t (
2
1
lnnic -+ ~ zii l+- -ii :=+i ~-n-i+ =
2
1
lnnic t)
l< -i +i <i -i + i- ii i-i t -i n ni- + 3 iin - l<i- t -ii -ii+i ni- + 20 iin l-< zi ii
+ =-i-i ti - t - +- =ii + ~ +i n -i +i i= ai- +
Sol. -i +i i= (3
2
1
lnnic) + (20)
|
.
|

\
|
50
2 / 1 feeh0
= 1.5 + 0.20 = 1.70 lnnic
Ex. 23. l< -i +- vz- n -i +i nil- < ni- 0.53 l+n ic -ii lnnic ni- = -i +i nil- n-i: 50.0 = nic vi-- ti -i
t -i -i +i i- =ti =ii + ~ +i n ai- +i
Sol.

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
4
d
m
2

=
3
2 2 3
3
m / g
) 10 50 ( ) 10 7 . 1 ( ) 14 . 3 (
4 ) 10 53 . 0 (



= ........... (2 =ii+ ~+)
zi-4 ifa :
l< -+ n + <i -i + n +i : -- - ti -i (~ii - <i - =-+ n ti ), -+ n zi - iai+ <-i -ilt . n l+- <i -i
+ i- <ii (material) +i t = . <i -i + i- +i : -- -ti ti - ii . t + z ~l-l+- ia i + < -i t :=
~l-l+- ia i + +i zi - zi l +t- t
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
13
Ex. 24 -i +i nii: ai- +i
nkar ksd se/;
r kj j [ kusi j
oLr q
Sol. ~l-l+- iai + (zi - zi l) = 0.03 lnnic :== 7.67 lnnic iai+ vi-- ti-i t. l=n = 0.03 lnnic
-i ~l-l+- iai+ t i--l+ iai+ vi-- +- +
ln( := ii-i ni ~- i--l+ iai+
= 7.67 - 0.03 = 7.64 lnnic
Ex. 25 -i +i nii: ai- +i
nkar ksd schp
r kj j [ kusi j
oLr q
Sol. ~l-l+- ii+ (zi - zi l) = - 0.07mm :== 7.95 lnnic iai+ vi-- ti-i t :=n = 0.07 lnnic
-i ~l-l+- iai+ t :=+i ( ii+) ti-i ni ~-
i--l+ iai+ = 7.95 -(- 0.07) = 8.02 lnnic
zi-4 uziiria :
zi-4 uziiria zi-4 ifa +i -4-+ r :
zi- =ziii- = (zi- zil)
i--l+ iai+ = vl-i- iai+ zi- zil
= vl-i- iai+ + zi- =ziii-
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
14
v4in #2
fa4 +ntsu :
t 0.1 lnnic -+ iii-i = ni =+-i t
0 mm
10 20 30 40 50
0.1 mm
* -i -n . n ni-i ~l+- ti-i t il+ lnnic ni-i ti-i t
* l--ni -n . l- ni-i ~l+- ti-i t. i iii=i =il- ni-i ti-i t :=+i (+ iin 0.9 lnnic +i
ti-i t l= -- +i ni-i t. l-zii-=i -= <i-i + i- nnii i-i t
fa4 +ntsu +i +u sca r :
oLr qd heksVkbZ= 24. - - - - - - -
= 24 + 7 ( 0.1 ) feeh0 feeh0
l q=kkuql kj
oLr qd heksVkbZ= eq[ ; i Sekus
d k i kB~; kad
+
v Yi r ekad
ofuZ; j i Sekusd k og Mark
Exactly
t kseq[ ; i Sekusd sfd l h
l s fey j gk gS
Mark
eq[ ; i Sekus
d k Hkkx 1
ofuZ; j i Sekus
d k Hkkx 1
= 1 - 0.9 feeh0 feeh0
= 0.1 feeh0
ofuZ; j i Sekus
d k i kB~; kad

PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
15
r <in f+ 1 MSDaii 1 VSD+ t iiiui -a sai+ + =s v+a riai r+
~li n-i: = 13 mm + x = ?
l-< A n ni-i -ii l- ni-i =-i-i t
~- n ni- + ~-l<zi n-i: OA = l- ni- + ~-l<zi n-i: OA
13 mm +3 (n ni- + iin) = ( 13 mm + x ) + 3 (l- ni- + iin)
~- 13 mm + x = 13 mm + 3 (n ni- + iin l- ni- + iin)
= 13 mm + 3 ( 1 mm - 0.9 mm )
= 13 mm + 3 (0.1 mm ) = 13.3 mm
+ + +
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
kad ikB;
dk iSekus
eq[;
+
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
kad ikB;
dk iSekus
j ofuZ;
( ) vYirekad
+
(n ni- + iin l- ni- + iin)
~- 1 MSD(1 mm ) -ii 1 VSD (0.9 mm ) + n iii=i ~-- ~--ni+ (0.1 mm) + n v+ ti-i t
kad dk ikB; j dSyhilZ ofuZ;
eksVkbZ oLrq dh
=
=
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
kad ikB;
dk iSekus
eq[;
+
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
kad ikB;
dk iSekus
j ofuZ;
( ) vYirekad
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
16
Ex. 26 l- +ni= +i c-i
-- +i nii: = (n ni- +i iai+) + (l- ni- +i iai+) (~--ni+)
ti ~--ni+ = (n ni- + iin l- ni- + iin)
= 1 mm - 0.9 mm (l-zi =) = 0.1 mm
~- -- +i nii: = 15 mm + (6) (0.1mm ) = 15.6 mm Ans.
Ex. 27 lzi i v+i + l- + ni= +i c-i
-- +i nii: = (n ni- +i iai+) + (l- ni- +i iai+) (~--ni+)
ti ~--ni+ = (n ni- +i iin l- ni- + iin)
= 1 mm - 19/20 mm (l-zi =) = 0.05 mm
~- -- +i nii: = 13 mm + (12) (0.05mm ) = 13.60 mm Ans.
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
17
zi -4 i fa :
l< <i-i + i- +i: -- - ti -i (~ii -
<i- =-+ n ti),l- +i iai+ zi-
ti-i t nl+- <i-i +i ~l-l+- ii- +i
t = . <i -i + n +i : -- - ti - ii
t ~ili+ ia i + < -i t t ~ili+
iai + zi - zi l +tni-i t
v kf/kD; i kB~; kad
' kwU; =kqfV
= 0.3 mm
( )
nkar ksd se/; d ksbZ
oLr q j [ kusi j
; g i kB~; kad cr kr k gS 13.8 mm
ft l l s v kf/kD; i kB~; kad gS
bl d ksgVkusd sfy , bl d ks?kVk nsr sgSA
0.3 mm
v r %okLr fod eksVkbZ = 13.8 mm 0.3 = 13.5 mm
sf{kr i kB~; kad v kf/kD; i kB~; kad ' kwU; =kqfV
bl d ksge l w=k esafuEu d kj fy [ k l d r sgS
okLr fod i kB~; kad sf{kr i kB~; kad v kf/kD; i kB~; kad ' kwU; =kqfV =
Ex.28 zil i l- + ni= +i -in ++ -- +i nii: ai- +i
Sol. vin l-zi =. ~ili+ iai+ (zi- zil) = 0.6 mm
:= tn l--- =zi +i =ti-i = ii ai- + =+- t -- +i ii i-i t -i l- +i iai+ 14.6
mm ~i-i t :=n 0.6 mm ~ili+ iai+ t := ii- i--l+ nii: = 14.6 - 0.6 = 14.0 mm
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
18
:= tn l--- =zi = ai- + =+- t
okLr fod i kB~; kad sf{kr i kB~; kad v kf/kD; i kB~; kad ' kwU; =kqfV =
= 14.6 - 0.6
= 14.0 mm Ans.
Ex. 29
zi- zil = n ni- +i iai+ + ( l- ni- +i iai+) ( ~--ni+)
= -1 mm + 6 (0.1 mm)
= -0.4 mm
vl-i- iai+ = 11.8 mm
~- i--l+ nii: = 11.8 - (-0.4) = 12.2 mm Ans.
zi-4 uziiria :
zi - = zii i- = zii i- zi - zi l +i +n ti -i t
zi - = zii i- = (zi - zi l)
okLr fod i kB~; kad sf{kr i kB~; kad v kf/kD; i kB~; kad ' kwU; =kqfV
sf{kr i kB~; kad ' kwU; l a' kks/ku
=
= +
-<iti n , zi- zil 0.6 mm , ~- zi- =ziii- 0.6 mm tini
-<iti n, zi- zil 0.4 mm , ~- zi- =ziii- + 0.4 mm tini
Ex.30 l- + ni= +i n ni-i 10 iini n 10 mmc-i t l- ni- + 10 iin n ni- + 9 iin + =-i-i
t + ni= + <i <i - (+ < = + =-+ n ti -i l- +i i -i iin n ni- + 9 iin + =-i-i ti -i t
-ii l- +i zi- n ni- + zi- + <ilt-i ~i ti -i t <i-i + n n- <c-i + i- t -i l-
ni- +i zi - ii i=i 3.2 cm+ i i ~i ~i-i t -ii -- i l- iin n ni- + (+ iin + =-i-i ti -i n-
+i i= t
(A) 3.09 cm (B) 3.14 cm (C) 3.04 cm (D) :-n = +i: -ti
Sol. (A) zi- zil = 0.5 mm = 0.05 cm
l=n +i nii: +i vl-i- ni- = 3.1 cm + (4) (0.01 cm)
= 3.14 cm
l=n +i i--l+ nii: = (3.14) (0.06)
= 3.09 cm
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
19
Ex.31 -i+- vz- n l< n- +i nil- n-i: 25 mm -ii n- +i nil- < ni- 50.0 gm ti -i n- +i i- =ti
=ii + ~+i -+ ai- +i
Sol.
h r
m
2
t
=
=
3 1 2
cm ) 10 25 ( ) 2 / 09 . 3 ( 14 . 3
gm ) 0 . 50 (

= 2.7 gm/cm
3
(<i =ii + ~ +i n )
v4in #3
un nin+ u g +i ia aia +ai
////////
L
r
:= vi n n (+ zi i ni ni iin = n+ii i-i t := =n ni n+ +t- t ni n+ +i ii i =i l-iil- + <i n-
+- l<i i-i t :=+i ~i- +in ai- +- + ln( 50 <i n- n nni =n lin ii +i =ti-i = v l-i- l+i
i-i t
=zil--+ = T =
g
L
2t
g = 4t
2
2
T
L
....(1)
ti L = ni n+ +i - - n-i: = iin +i n-i: () + ni n+ +i lzii (r)
T = =n nin+ +i ~i-+in =
50
50 yxk le; esa nksyu
~- g +i ni- =ni+i ...(1) = ~i=i-i = ai- l+i i =+-i t
g +i ia aia +a + fny ii ffri :
T
2
=
L
g
4
2
|
|
.
|

\
|
t
............(2) ~-, T
2
L
* ~nn~nn L + ln( T +i ni- ai- +i
* T
2
v/s L +i n i+ ii-i =ni+i (2) =. t ni+ =n ii ~i-i -ilt l=+i cin =
|
|
.
|

\
|
t
g
4
2
t
T
2
v/s L ni+ +i cin ai- +i ~i -=
|
|
.
|

\
|
t
g
4
2
+
i ii ~i g +i ni- ai- +i
Ex.32 l+=i v-ii n = 23.2 cm, r = 1.32 cm, ~i 10 <in- n nni =n 10.0 sec. ~i-i t
g +i ni- -l-- =ii + ~+i n ai- +i (t
2
= 10)
Sol.
nin+ +i -- n-i: L = 23.2 cm + 1.32 cm
= 24.5 cm (=ii+ ~+i + in + l-ni- =i)
~i ~i- +in T =
00 . 1
10
0 . 10
=
(-i- =ii + ~ +)
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
20
g = 4t
2
2
T
L
= 4 10
( )
2
00 . 1
cm 5 . 24
(3 =ii+ ~+i n)
= 4 10
2 2
2
sec ) 00 . 1 (
m 10 5 . 24

= 9.80 m/sec
2
Ex.33 L + ~nn~nn ni-i + ln( T + ~nn~nn ni- vi-- t ( L v/s T
2
+i ni+ l-zii-=i ~i-i t := ~i i =
g +i ni- ai- +i (t
2
= 10)
Sol. L =
2
2
T
4
g
|
.
|

\
|
t
~- L v/s T
2
~ii +i cin =
|
.
|

\
|
t
2
4
g
cin ti-i -ilt( =
2
49 . 0
=
2
4
g
t
g = 9.8 m/sec
2
, r i T + isa ifa + +ii 'g' + ia fri+a a4 ifa
g = 4t
2
g = 4t
2
2
) 50 / t (
) r ( +
= 4t
2
(2500)
2
t
r +
ln g = ln 4t
2
(2500) + ln ( + r) 2 ln (t)
max
g
g
|
|
.
|

\
| A
=
r
r
+
A + A

+ 2
t
t A
Ex.34 l+=i v -ii n = 23.2 cm, r = 1.32 cm ~i 10 <i n- n nni =n 10.0 sec. ~i-i t (g) + ni- n ~li+-n ~- n
zi l ai- +i
Sol. = 23.2 cm A = 0.1 cm
r = 1.32 cm Ar = 0.01 cm
t = 10.0 sec At = 0.1 sec
max
g
g
|
|
.
|

\
| A
=
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
+
sec 0 . 10
sec 1 . 0
2
cm 32 . 1 cm 2 . 23
cm 01 . 0 cm 1 . 0
100% = 1.2 %.
Ex. 35 (+ zizi
|
|
.
|

\
|
t
=
2
2
T
4
g

, +i ni- ai- +- +i vi n +-i t ~1m~i n zi l A -ni-i t T +i ni- ai- +-
+ ln( t n <i n- n nni =n lin i i = v l-i- +-i t l=+i ~--ni + At t ~i t 0.1 sec. +i l+-n-
zi l -ni-i t :-n = l+= v -ii n g n zi l ---n ti ni ?
(A) AL = 0.5, At = 0.1, n = 20 (B) AL = 0.5, At = 0.1, n = 50
(C) AL = 0.5, At = 0.01, n = 20 (D) AL = 0.1, At = 0.05, n = 50 [JEE- 2006]
Sol. (D) T =
n
t
=
k dh la[; nksyuksa dqy
le; dqy
~- dT =
n
dt
g
g A
=
T
T
2
L
L A
+
A
l+- (D) n L n zil ( AL) ---n t vin +i ~il-i ~li+-n t ~- dT ~--n tini ~- := vl+i
n ti g n zil ---n tini
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
21
v4in #4
un + v4in u f<4 ny ai +i 4n v-4iiai nii+ aia +ai :
y+ ifn+ffri :
n n ii+ ai- +- + ln( tn (+ =iiii vi n + =+-
t (+ -i = m <ni- n+i- t ii n+i- = -i n
li-i ~i i(ni
t+ + l-n + ~-=i :
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
0
x
Y
A
mg

x =
mg
Y r
2
0
|
.
|

\
|
t

l< tn ii ll-- + -i -i n ii -i ii =ni- i-i = c-i t l<

tn ii-i (x) v/s mg, + i- n i+ -i -i t n i+ (+ =n ii - ni
:=+i i-i ni+ ~i -=
|
.
|

\
|
t Y r
2
0

, + i
++ tn Y ai- + =+- t
ru uiriii ffri +t +f4i
(1) l< tn -i = +n ii n+i( -i -i n ni t =+-i t
~- i-i = ti tn + z ii (ni-i 2 kg) = i-i +-i -ilt . -il+ -i tn zii =iii --i t
(2) ii nni- t ~i ii ii- t . <i -i +ni n -i +i ti ii i =i li-- ti -i t
~- tn ii c i- +- ~i ii ii- +- + ia i +i +i ~i =- n -i -ilt(
~i=- ii i<i = i<i ii i ii - (accurate) ti ni
un +t ffri ra +f4i +i faii :
vi n n ln( i- in -i +i =iii -i( i- + ln( tn + z vil-i+ ii = (2 kg) = i-i +- t
~ tn +nin- = ii i - t -i n --- ~l-l+- =i (Ax), ~l-l+- ii (Aw) + =ni- i-i ti ni
x =
Y r
2
0
t

w Ax =
Y r
2
0
t

(Aw)
~ tn Ax ~i Aw, + i- n i+ ii- n cin =
|
.
|

\
|
t Y r
2
0

i l+ n nii+ +i ni- ti ni
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
22
vil-i+ iil- l-il- +i - n-i n ~l-l+- li -i ai- +- + ln( (+ ni-+ -i +i vi n +- t . := ii 2 kg
+i vil-i+ ii (dead weight) n+i- t - n-i ++ ii ai- +- = -i ~i ~in-- ii (yielding) =
~l-l+- ii in ti i- t
v+ii : (i) vil-i+ iai+ = x
0
= 0.540 mm.
(= -nnii +i iai + +i : ~l-l+- ii -ti nnii ti )
(ii) +- -i +i lzii = 0.200 mm.
~l-l+- ii + +ii ~l-l+- ii -i +i ni-
ekbksehVj i kB~; kad
e l a[ ; k
gqqd i j
vfr fj Dr Hkkj
Am (kg)
Hkkj c<+kr s
oDr (p)
(mm)
Hkkj ?kVkr s
oDr (q)
(mm)
ek/; i kB~; kad
(x) =
(p + q)/2
(mm)
Ax vfr fj Dr
[ khapko
(xx
0
)
(mm)
1 0.5 0.555 0.561 0.558 0.018
2 1.0 0.565 0.571 0.568 0.028
3 1.5 0.576 0.580 0.578 0.038
4 2.0 0.587 0.593 0.590 0.050
5 2.5 0.597 0.603 0.600 0.060
6 3.0 0.608 0.612 0.610 0.070
7 3.5 0.620 0.622 0.621 0.081
8 4.0 0.630 0.632 0.631 0.091
9 4.5 0.641 0.643 0.642 0.102
10 5.0 0.652 0.652 0.652 0.112
ffri #1
Ax v/s Aw (=Am g) ~ii -i(
* cin = ........
AP
BP
=
=
) r ( Y
2
t

Y = .................
Method : 2
-ii (1) -ii -ii (6) + i-
-ii (2) -ii -ii (7) + i-
-ii (3) -ii -ii (8) + i- 2.5 kg +i ~l-l+- ii i i ni t
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
23
-ii (4) -ii -ii (9) + i-
-ii (5) -ii -ii (10) + i-
~- v-ii (1) (6) , (2) (7) , (3) (8) , (4) (9), -ii (5) (10) + i- +i ii-i
2.5 kg wt. + ~l-l+- ii + +ii tini
~- tn 2.5 kg wt ii + +ii ii-i +i x
6
x
1
, x
5
x
2
, x
8
x
3
, or x
10
x
5
= ni =+- t
~i :== 2.5 kg wt. ii + +ii ~i=- ii-i ai- + =+- t
Aw = 2.5 g , ii + ln( ~i=- ii-i = Ax = 0.052 mm
Ax =
|
.
|

\
|
t Y r
2
0

(Aw) ti Aw = Am g = 25 N -ii (Ax) ~i=- = 0.052 mm

ni- i+ Y = ......... ai- +
Ex.36 l-zii- =i z- = 1mn- -i nni( n( ~l-l+- ii Aw~i ~l-l+- ii -i (Ax) + i- n i+ l<iii ni t
l< -i +i ~- v-i +i -i zi+n 10
6
m
2
ti -i -i +i n vi-i-i n ii + ai- +i [ JEE- 2003]
(A) 2 10
11
N/m
2
(B) 2 10
11
N/m
2
(C) 3 10
13
N/m
3
(D) 2 10
16
N/m
2
Sol. (A) Al =
|
.
|

\
|
AY
0

Aw cin =
AY
0

=
20
10 1
4

Y ) 10 (
1
6
=
20
10 1
4

Y = 20 10
10
= 2 10
11
N/m
2
Ex.37 l+=i vi n n Ax -ii Aw+i n i+ l-< +i- ii (1) + =i ~ii l<
tn -=i <ii +i (+ < =i -i vi n + l=+i lzii ~i n-i:
<n-i ti -i -=+ ln( +i-=i ni+ ~i(ni
2
1
3
AW
Ax
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
24
Sol. vi-i n n+i =
w
x
A
A
=
(Y) ) r (
2
0
t

<= l-il- n (n+i)
1
=
Y ) r 2 (
) 2 (
2
0
t

=
Y ) r (
2
1
2
0
t

~- n +i ~iii ti i(ni a a-i (3) r+

Ex.38 +ia : n n ii + ai- +- + ln( =n + vi n n ii ln+ -i + =ii (+ ni-+ -i ii vi n +- t
+ii : ni-+ -i. -i + ii. ~in-- ii (yielding of support) ~i ~- i +i+i + vii +i l--- +-i
t
(A) +--1 = t, +--2 = t; +--2 +- -1 +i =ti -i+i t
(B) +--1 = t , +--2 = t ; +--2 +--1 +i =ti -i+i -ti t
(C) +- -1 = t, +--2 ~= t
(D) +- -1 ~= t , +--2 = t
Ans. (A)
Ex.39 l< tn t- -ni ~i n-i -i vin + -i
(A) in +i =<-iziin-i
|
.
|

\
|
A
A
=
w
x
vkxr
fuxZr
c i(ni
(B) n nii+ ~ll-- tini
(C) ii ci- -i =+-i i -iii = ii- =+-i t
(D) -i+- =ii
Ans. (D)

0
, r, i x + isa ifa + +ii Y + ia fri+a a4 ifa : (4f< <-4ia isa +ir
ifa (tolerance) a ri):
Y =
x r
2
0
t

mg
l< <ni- ni- n +i: zil -ti ti -i Y n ~li+-n ~-n zil t
max
Y
Y
|
.
|

\
| A
=
0
0

A
+ 2
r
r A
+
x
x A
Ex.40 =n + in n n i-i-i nii+ ai- +- + ln( -i +i i= t D = 0.05 cm, n-i: t L = 125 cm ~i
m = 20.0kg +i ii nnii ni -i -i +i =i 0.100 cm. ii ni n i-i-i n ii + +i ~li+-n =i
zil +i ni- l-+ini Y =
x d ) 4 / (
mg
2
t

Sol.
4 / d
mg
2
t
= Y (

x
) Y =
x d ) 4 / (
mg
2
t

..................(1)
max
Y
dY
|
.
|

\
|
=
m
m A
+

A
+ 2
d
d A
+
x
x A
m = 20.0 kg Am = 0.1 kg
= 125 m A = 1 cm
d = 0.050 cm Ad = 0.001 cm
x = 0.100 cm Ax = 0.001 cm
max
Y
dY
|
.
|

\
|
=
% 100
cm 100 . 0
cm 001 . 0
cm 05 . 0
cm 001 . 0
cm 125
cm 1
kg 0 . 20
kg 1 . 0

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + +
= 4.3 %
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
25
un + v4in +i as+i i ffri +i fai u r44a
un +i as+i (ifa+ at+i)
l-zi n =n +i -+i l<iii ni t :=n <i iil+ + n F
1
-ii F
2
ti - t i =ii n l+nl+- ti -i t -il+ + n - l<zii n =i -i nl-
+ =+ (+ < c ~- -i i l- -n L nni ti -i t ~i :=+ (+
l= ni:+ini -+ S, nni ti-i t i -ii nl- + =+-i t
l< <i -i + n + i- =i -i nl- ti -i l- -n -i l- -ti t-i t ~i
n ni l-iil- ti i-i t n n +i i= ni l-il- n ni- + ln(
-+ +i - i -i- l-iil- +-i -i t -+ + l-ii-
= + ni + i- =i -i nl- +i -i -n-i t
+ ni <i =n :-i- + -i = n+ ti - t -i B, ii ln+ -i t ~i
-i Ani-+ -i t <i -i + ni = t + H
1
~i H
2
ti - t t + H
1
= l--
ii n+i ti -i t -il+ -i --i t t + H
2
= i i nni ti -i t l=
nn ii +i ci + ii-i n ci =+- t
ffri
(i) l-i l= ~i + n + n l-i- ii ln+ -i +i n-i: nil(
(ii) iiln+ -i +i i= -+n = ai- +i :=+ -i i- ~nn~nn -ii-i v-ii ni
(iii) ni:+i ni (S) +i ~--ni + ~i - i ~ -in ai- +i ~i := ( = l-iil- +i -il+ l- -n +i n ni (+<n
i- n t ni:+ini +i vil-i+ iai + lni lni i-i t
(iv) i i H
2
0.5 kg + < n ii c i- t v + i ii ci- + i< l- -n +i -i l- i- + ln( ni:+i ni
+i l-iil- +-i ni := i ni:+i ni +i iai + ii lni lni i-i t z-zi l (backlesh error) = --
+ ln( -+ +i (+ ti l<zii n i ni-i -ilt(
(v) ~ ii ln+ -i = ii +i ii ii ti- i- t := ~iii (unloading) +t- t ~iii +- +- + i
ni:+i ni +i ia i + lni lni i-i t =ii iii -i +i iil- ~iil- +- =n ia i + n n - t . i nnin
i ti- -ilt
v4in #5
+nitta +t uri4ai u aia < +t ffzia ai aia +ai :
l-zi n ~ai- < +i llzi -ni ai- +- + ln( v+- ti- ini -i- +i -+i l<iii ni t
m
1
< ni- , s
1
llzi -ni ~i u
1
, vil-i+ -i in ai = ni n +i + ni ini n i ~ai- < + =ii lnl-
l+i i-i t ni-i < ~i +niini + <ni- +nzi m
2
~i m
3
:-+i llzi -niiil-i +nzi s
2
-ii
s
3
t ~i vi-i n <i-i +n + -ini- u
2
t l< nn nin +i :=n lnii i-i t -i ni ni -ni <-i
t < + ni ini l-+i -ni n-i t t v+n - -+ -n-i t -+ l+ =ii ~ +i -i =ni- (u)
- ti i(
nn nin ,ii -=l- -ni = m
1
s
1
(u
1
u)
nn nin ,ii <i n: -ni = m
2
s
2
(u u
2
) + m
3
s
3
(u u
2
)
l< +i: -ni n til- -ti ti -i
nn nin ,ii <i n: -ni = < +niini l-+i ,ii ni n: -ni
m
1
s
1
(u
1
u) = m
2
s
2
(u u
2
) + m
3
s
3
(u u
2
)
s
2
=
m s
m
1 1 1
2 2
( )
( )
u u
u u

m s
m
3 3
2
lni +i ~l--n -i (=i-i-ii -i) ni+ := ~ai- < +i llzi -ni s
2
: ai- + =+- t nin +
vil-i+ -i (u
1
) <- + ln( := tn i +-i iin ("O"), n n+i + i- t +z =n i< (15 ln-
i<) t (+ l-- -i u
1
vi-- + n-i t
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
26
~ i-i = i +niini (iin C) +i ii +-i + -i- nii i-i t n+i +i ti- i -+-i D +i
ti l<i i-i t ~i iin +i +i l<i i-i t :== nini < + ni ini l-+i n ln i-i t ~i lni
zi ti i-i t
l< < +i llzi -ni (s
2
) ai- ti ~i ai= +i llzi -ni (s
1
) ~ai- ti -i
s
1
=
( ) ( )
( )
m s m s
m
2 2 3 3 2
1 1
+

u u
u u
Ex.41 ni n +i < ni-. llzi -ni ~i vil-i+ -i +nzi 1000 gm, 1/2 cal/gmC -ii 80C t ~ai- < ~i
+ ni ini + < ni- +nzi 900 gm ~i 200 gm t ~i vi-i n <i -i +n + -ini- 20C t + ni ini
~i ni ni <i -i =ni- <ii = - t l< lni +i ~l--n -i 40C ~i-i t . -i ~ai- < +i llzi -ni
ai- +i
(A) 0.25 cal/gC (B) 0.5 cal/gC (C) 1 cal/gC (D) 1.5 cal/gC
Sol. (C) S
2
=
) 20 40 ( 900
) 40 80 ( ) 2 / 1 ( ) 1000 (

900
) 2 / 1 ( ) 200 (
= 1 cal/gm C
Ex.42 l< i n + <i i- + ni ni + z < + ln( i-ii n i ni t ni. l== =i-i-ii -i 30C ~i i-i
t -i in + <ii- i-ii n l+--i -ni til- ti n: (lzn vz- + ~i+ -in +- t)
(A) 20 kcal (B) 15 kcal (C) 10 kcal (D) 8 kcal
Sol. (B) nin ,ii <i n: -ni
= (1000) (1/2) (80 30) = 25,000 cal
-=n = < +niini l-+i ,ii ni n: -ni
= (900) (1) (40 30) + (200) (1/2) (40 30)
= 10,000 cal.
~- i-ii n -ni til- = 15,000 cal
Ex.43 l< h --i: = nin + ln- + +ii ni l-il- -i n til- ~i i-ii n -ni til- +i < +i
ii lni i( -i -i +i =ziili- =ni+i ti ni
(A) m
1
s
1
(u
1
u) +
J
gh m
1
= m
2
s
2
(u u
2
) + m
3
s
3
(u u
2
) H

t
(B) m
1
s
1
(u
1
u)
J
gh m
1
= m
2
s
2
(u u
2
) + m
3
s
3
(u u
2
) + H

t
(C) m
1
s
1
(u
1
u) +
J
gh m
1
= m
2
s
2
(u u
2
) + m
3
s
3
(u u
2
) + H

t
(D) m
1
s
1
(u
1
u)
J
gh m
1
= m
2
s
2
(u u
2
) + m
3
s
3
(u u
2
) H

t
Sol. (C) --- -ni = m
1
s
1
(u
1
u) +
J
gh m
1
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
27
u
1
, u
2
i u isa ifa + +ii S
1
+ isa fri+a a4 ifa :
~ai- ai = +i llzi -ni ai- +- + ln(
tn -in +- t s
solid
=
1
2 2 1 1
m
s m s m +
|
|
.
|

\
|
u u
u u
ss 1
2 ss
s =
1
2 2 1 1
m
s m s m +
|
|
.
|

\
|
u u
u u
ss 1
2 ss
s
ds
=
) (
) ( d
2 ss
2 ss
u u
u u

ss 1
ss 1
) ( d
u u
u u
|
.
|

\
| A
s
s
=
2 ss
u u
u A u A
+
ss 1
u u
u A u A

max
s
s
|
.
|

\
| A
= 2Au
|
|
.
|

\
|
u u
+
u u
ss 1 2 ss
1 1
= 2Au
|
|
.
|

\
|
u u u u
u u
) )( (
1 ss 2 ss
2 1
l< < ~i +ni ini +i < ni- ~i llzi -ni i - zi z-i = ai- ti (l-i zi l +) ~i -inii +i
~-n-i+ 0.1C ti -i Au = Au
1
= Au
2
= 0.1
max
s
s
|
.
|

\
| A
---n tini (u
ss
u
2
) (u
ss
u
1
) ~li+-n tini ~ii-
2
2 1
ss
u + u
= u
4f< m
1
, s
1
, m
2
, s
2
sia aia ri ai s
solid
vfazia a4 ifa -4aa rint ui4iii ais r
u
ss
=
2
2 1
u + u
Ex.44 ~ai- ai = +i llzi -ni (S
2
), ai- +- + vi n n ni n ~i +ni ini +i <ni- +nzi 1000 gm ~i
200 gm t ~i + ni ini +i llzi -ni
2
1
cal/gm/C t vi n l+i i- ini < i-i t ~i :=+i ii
900 gm t vi-i n i-i ~i +niini <i-i +n + -ini- 20.0C t l+ nin +i vil-i+ -i
80.0C nii ni l< =i-i-ii -i 40.0C, vi-- t~i. -i ~ai- nin (S
2
) +i llzi -ni ai- +i
-ii ~ai- nin (S
2
) +i llzi -ni iil-i n ~li+-n ~-n zil ai- +i (S
water
= 1 cal/g/C )
Sol. ~ai- ai= +i llzi -ni,
s
solid
=
1
2 2 1 1
m
s m s m +
|
|
.
|

\
|
u u
u u
ss 1
2 ss
-ii s
solid
= 1/2 cal/g/C
max
s
s
|
.
|

\
| A
= 2Au
|
|
.
|

\
|
u u
+
u u
ss 1 2 ss
1 1
= 2( 0.1C) |
.
|

\
|

+
0 . 40 0 . 80
1
0 . 20 0 . 40
1
= 1%
fuat4 +nitta
l-zi n ~ai- < +i llzi -niiil-i ai- +- + ln( +- l- +niini <ziii ni t =in iini
+niini (-i +i izi) +i <ni- nii i-i t ~i ni-i t 'm
1
' i-- t~i ~ :=n ~ai- < ii ~
+ niini-< l-+i +i +n <ni- nii ~i ni-i t 'm
2
' i-- t~i ~- < +i <ni- (m
2
m
1
) t i-i
n <i-i +n + -i (u
0
) i
~ :=n (+ ti +i ii ~i 't' =n -+ :=n ii i-i t ti + l=i lii- 'V' t ~i :== n -
ini iii 'I' t -ni <- + +ii < ~i +niini <i-i +i -i =ii=ii c-i t t =n + i< ti +i
< + l<i i-i t ~i ni-i ~l-n -i u
f
~ii l< i-ii n +i: -ni til- -ti ti ti ti -i -
ti ,ii <i- +i n: -ni = < ,ii nti +i n: -ni + +niini ,ii nti +i n: -ni
(VI)t = (m
2
m
1
) S

(u
f
u
0
) + m
1
S
c
(u
f
u
0
)
~ai- < +i llzi -ni S

=
) m m (
S m
t ) V (
1 2
C 1
0 f

u u
I
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
28
V
A
ghVj
v Kkr nzo
d Sy ksj hehVj
foMksy d
Figure 1
l e; (t)
u
u
0
Figure 2
"ek gkfu d ks ux. ;
ekud j r ki l e;
d k xzkQ
v/s
r
k
i
f+ti uziiria : := in n i-ii n ii -ni til- ti =+-i t := i- n i- t( (+ =ziii- l+i
i-i t
ni-i ti t =+ -+ -in ti ~i l+ := -< + l<i ~ i-ii n -ni til- + +ii -i ini
lni +i -i l-- < +- + t/2 =+ i< ii -i l+i i-i t ni-i := =n -i n -- c t~i ~
=ziii- ~l-n -i := +i lnii i-i t -
u'
f
= u
f
+ c
1. := in n ti + l=i lii- 100.0 V ~i iii 10.0A t ~i ti t = 700.0 =+ -+ -in ti
ii i-i n =i ~ +n + -i u
0
= 10.0C i ~i ~l-n -i u
f
= 73.0C i-- t~i iini +niinii
l-+i +i =+- <ni- 1.0 kg ii ~i <-+niini l-+i +i =+- <ni- 3.0 kg ~ii +niini +i
llzi -ni S
c
= 3.0 10
3
J/kgC t l-- < +- + 350 = + i< -i n -- 7.0C nii ni ~ai- <
+i llzi -ni -l-- =ii + ~ +i n ai- +i
(A*) 3.5 10
3
J/kgC (B) 3.50 10
3
J/kgC (C) 4.0 10
3
J/kgC (D) 3.500 10
3
J/kgC
Sol. S

=
0 . 1 0 . 3
) 10 0 . 3 ( ) 0 . 1 (
0 . 10 0 . 80
) 0 . 700 ( ) 0 . 10 ( ) 0 . 100 (
3

= 3.5 10
3
J/kgC (=ii+ ~+i + +n- ~i nii + l-n + ~-=i)
2. l< +niini +i <ni- ~i llzi -niiil-i -n ni- -i S

n ~li+-n ~-n zil l+--i tini ~i+
l---lnli- t -
m
1
0, S
c
0, m
2
= 1.00 kg, V = 10.0 V, I = 10.0 A, t = 1.00 10
2
sec., u
0
= 15C, =ti l+i ni t
u
f
= 65C
(A) 4% (B) 5% (C*) 8% (D) 12%
Sol. l< m
1
0, S
c
0
S

=
) ( m
t V
0 f 2
u u
I
2
2
m
m
t
t
V
V
S
S A
+
A
+
I
AI
+
A
=
A

+
0 f
0 f
u u
u A + u A
=
2
2
10 00 . 1
10 01 . 0
0 . 10
1 . 0
0 . 10
1 . 0

+ +
+
50
1 1
00 . 1
01 . 0 +
+
= 8%
3. l< l-+i - - + zii-n- + l-n + ~-=i -ni -=l - + ti t. -i lni +i -i =n + =ii l+= +i
ll- - ti ni ( ti zi t )
(A)
u
t
(B)
u
t
(C*)
u
t
(D)
u
t
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
29
Sol. ti + +ii = = -i c ni. = = i-ii n -ni til- +i < ii c ni + z =n + i< = ti i-ii
n -ni til- +i <. ti ,ii -ni <i- +- +i < + i ti i(ni. =i-i-ii ~i i(ni ~i -i l-- ti
i(ni
C =ti t
v4in # 6
aai< ant ffri u rfa +i n aia +ai+
l-zi n ~--i< -ni = l- +i n ai- +- +i in l<iii ni t
Resonance
tube
fu&i-a : ~--i< -ni (+ +i +i < ~in- i: t l=+i i|l-+ ~il-ii tini
V
eq
4
,
3
4
V
eq

,
5
4
V
eq

........ i =ini-- f
n
= (2n 1)
V
eq
4
l< := f
0
+ -lzi = <iln- l+i i( -i ~--i< + ln(. i|l-+ ~il-i = =i- +i ~il-i
(2n 1)
V
eq
4
= f
0

eq
= (2n 1)
V
f 4
0
in ~--i< + ln(
eq
=
V
f 4
0
= (in lii (mode) + ln()
l,-i ~--i< + ln(
eq
=
3
4
0
V
f
= (l,-i lii (mode) + ln()
f+4iffri : ~- -i< -ni 100 cm +i ti -i t i-i n t n = i ii ti -i t i ---i +i n-i:
ci- + ln( n -- +i iii i-i t i ---i +i f
0
~i l-i + -lzi = <i ln- l+i i-i t ni-i

1
, n-i: in ~--i< (- l-) i-- ti-i t -i -
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
30

eq
1
=
V
f 4
0

1
+ c =
V
f 4
0
.........(i)
l< n -- +i ~i -i- n i(n -i l- i= +n ti i-i t. nl+-
2
n-i: - tn -i l-
=-i: <ni (l,-i ~--i<)

eq
2
=
3
4
0
V
f

2
+ c =
3
4
0
V
f
.........(ii)
(i) (ii) + ln(
V = 2f
0
(
2

1
)
-ii =ilii :
i-i n +n +i -i = 26C, ~- n +n +i -i = 28C
Lofj =kdhvko`fk
(Hz)
esa
(f
0
)
vuqukn
t c t y Lr j
uhpsvkj gkgks
t c t y Lr j
i j vkj gkgks
ek/; vuqukn
yEckbZ
/ofu dhpky
V = 2f
0
(
2

1
)
1st
vuqukn
22.9 24.1
1
= ......
2nd
vuqukn
73.9 74.1
2
= ......
V = ...... 340 Hz
t y Lrj dhfLFkfr
1. l- +i -in nnin ti ni -
(A) 340 m/sec (B) 380 m/sec (C) 430 m/sec (D) :-n = +i: -ti
Sol.
1
= 24.0 cm

2
= 74.0 cm
v = 2f
0
(
2

1
) = 2(340) (0.740 0.240)
= (2) (340) (0.500) = 340 m/sec.
2. lzn z- n 0 l- +i -in nnin tini -
(A) 324 m/sec (B) 380 m/sec (C) 430 m/sec (D) :-n = +i: -ti
Sol. v o
T
0
27
V
V
=
273
300
V
0
= V
27
300
273
= 340
300
273
= 324 m/sec.
3. +i ---n n-i: l+--i ti. -il+ -i=i ~--i< ii =-i: <`
(A)
3
= 421 =ni (B)
3
= 214 =ni (C*)
3
= 124 =ni (D) :-n = +i: -ti
Sol..
1
+ c =
0
f 4
V

2
+ c =
0
f 4
V 3
<i-i =ni+ii +i tn +- c = 1cm
-i= ~--i< + ln(,
3
+ c =
0
f 4
V 5

3
= 124cm
50. =ni+i (i) -ii (ii) = l=i =ziii- c ai- + =+- t -ni +i i= =zi (c ~ 0.3d) +i -in ++ ai-
+
(A) 2.5 cm (B) 3.3 cm (C) 5.2 cm (D) :-n = +i: -ti
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
31
Sol. c = 1 cm = 0.3 d d =
3 . 0
cm 1
= 3.3 cm
51. -i= ~- -i< + ln( l-ii- ~i <i + lii ~i+i (mode shape) +i =ti -t = <lzi - +- ini l+-
t -
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
Ans. (B)
6. in l= +i y = 0 , ni-- t( <i l--< +i l-il- tini -
(A) y = 1 cm, y = 49 cm (B) y = 0 cm, y = 50 cm
y
(C) y = 1 cm, y = 51 cm (D) :-n = +i: -ti
Ans. (A)
7. <= ~--i< + ln( ~nini -n +i =ni+i tini -
(A) P
ex
= 2A sin 2t (y + 1cm) cos 2t (340) t (B) P
ex
= 2A sin 2t (y 1cm) cos 2t (340) t
(C) P
ex
= 2A cos 2t (y + 1cm) cos 2t (340) t (D) P
ex
= 2A cos 2t (y 1cm) cos 2t (340) t
Sol. (A) k =

t 2
=
1
2t
= 2t e= 2tf = (2t) (340)
tni l--< y = 0 + -ii- y = 1 --i t ~- ~nini -n +i =ni+i tini -
P
ex
= 2A sin 2t(y + 1cm) cos 2t(340) t
f
0
,
1
,
2
+ isa ifa + +ii rfa +t in fri+a a4 ifa :
~--i< -ni in + ln(
V = 2f
0
(
2

1
)
ln V = ln 2 + ln f
0
+ ln (
2

1
)
l- +i -in n ~li+-n ~-n zil =
max
V
V
|
.
|

\
| A
=
Af
f
0
0
+
A A

2 1
2 1
+
( )
8. ~--i< -ni in n (340 Hz 1%) +i -lzi -in n lni i-i t tn ~i <= ~--i<i n-i:i.
+nzi 24.0 cm ~i 74.0 cm t l- +i -in n ~li+-n ~-n zil ai- +i
Sol.
1
= 20.0 cm A
1
= 0.1 cm

2
= 74.0 cm A
2
= 0.1 cm
f
0
= (340 Hz 1%)
Af
f
0
0
= 1% =
1
100
max
V
V
|
.
|

\
| A
=
Af
f
0
0
+
A A

2 1
2 1
+

=
0 . 20 0 . 74
1 . 0 1 . 0
100
1

+
+
=
0 . 54
2 . 0
100
1
+
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
32
v4in # 7
ta i iata + as4in u i + fa4 +i u-4isa
~in + l-n + ~-=i -in+ = t- ini iii (I) :=+ l=i + i- lii - (V) + ~-+ni-i-i ti-i
t. l< ~- iil-+ ll-il-i (= -i. ~i+i ~il<) l-- ii i( nli-i n
V I or V = IR
ti R (+ l-ii+ t. l= l-ii +t- t t -in+ +i |l- ~i ~i+i l-i +-i t
sfsi fi : li l-zi -i- l<iii ni t
f+4iffri : iii l-zi+ + =-+ +i li=+i+ ~ni ~i i -ni +i iai + -i l+i i-i t +n =
+n 6 -ii ln( i- t ~ R + l=i + i- lii - V ~i R = n - ini iii I n n i+ ii -i i-i
t ni+ l-zii-=i =n ii ~i-i t
sfii : ni+ = tn +t =+- t l+ V / I l-- ti -i t ~- iii i - n =--i -iil- +- t . ~iii
V I t :=+i ~i t l+ ~in +i l-n =ti t
=i l+ I =
V
R
1
|
.
|

\
|
, ~- I V ni+ +i cin ai- +i ~i :=
R
1
+ i + <i
cin =
AP
BP
=
R
1
R = ......
Q.1 l< i +i l.i.. = 100V t -i <= iai+ (i = 2A, V = 20V) n iii l-zi+ n l+--i l-ii tini`
(A) 10O (B) 20O (C) 30O (D) 40O
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
33
Sol. ni+ + n+i = =
V
I
=
R
1
=
10
1
R = 10 O
<= iai+ + ln( I =
rh
R R
Emf
+
2 =
rh
R 10
100
+
R
rh
= 40O
Q.2 l< li--li-- ~i+ii + -i- -i. ~ai- l-i i +
-ii- in l+ i -i -i-i + ln( I - V
n i+ l-zii- =i i-- ti-i t
=ti + + ~- =i ai +i lnni- +i :
-i +i ~i+i =-l-i- ni+
(p) = 1m, lzii = 1 mm (i) + (1)
(q) = 1m, lzii = 2 mm (ii) + (2)
(r) =
1
2
m, lzii =
1
2
mm (iii) + (3)
(A) (p)-(ii); (q)-(iii); (r)-(i) (B) (p)-(iii); (q)-(ii); (r)-(i)
(C) (p)-(i); (q)-(ii); (r)-(iii) (D) None of these
Sol. R =
A

=
2
r t

l-il- (p) + ln( R

2
) 1 (
) 1 (
l-il- (q) + ln( R
2
) 2 (
) 1 (
l-il- (r) + ln( R
2
) 2 / 1 (
) 2 / 1 (
:=ln( R
r
> R
p
> R
q
-ii I V + +i cin =
V
I
=
R
1
:=ln( cin
r
< cin
p
< cin
q
q ii (3), p ii (2), r ii (1)
Q.3 (+ ~- ~ini (non-ohmic) l-ii + ln( I V ni+ l<iii
ni t nl-+ l-i i l+= l-< ~li+-n ti ni -
(A) a (B) b
(C) c (D) = + ln( =ni-
Sol nl-+ l-ii R =
I d
dv
=
dv / d
1
I
=
slope
1
l-< c n +i ---n t ~- l-ii ~li+-n tini
Q.4 l< nn-i = ~ni l-ii + =ni-i- +n n nn ni -i I-V ni+ tini -
(ti I = ~ni +i iai+, V = i-ni +i iai+
c
+
A
V
Rh
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Sol. (C) ~ni t - +n l-i i +i ti -i t ~- ~li+- iii ~ni = ti n ni ~- ~ni +i iai + t - ~li+
~i(ni i -ni +i l-i i t - ~li+ ti -i t ~- i -ni +i iai + t - +n ~i(ni
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
34
Q.5 l< nn-i = i-ni ii +n n ni -i
I-V n i+ ti ni -
(I = ~ni +i iai+, V = i-ni +i iai+)
c
+
V
Rh
A
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Sol. (D) i -ni + --- l-ii + +ii i-- +i l-ii t- c i(ni ~- ~ni +i iai+ t - +n ~i(ni
i + fa4 u r f+ut ai +t ffzia sfairi+ai it aia + u+a r .
=
RA
L
=
tD
L
2
4
V
I
ln = ln
t
4
+ 2 ln D 2 ln L + ln V ln I
d

= 2
dD
D

dL
L
+
dV
V

dI
I

A
= 2
AD
D

AL
L

AV
V

AI
I
max
|
|
.
|

\
| A

=
|
.
|

\
|
I
AI A

A A

V
V
L
L
D
D
2
+i ~li+-n
max
|
|
.
|

\
| A

= +2
AD
D
+
AL
L
+
AV
V
+
AI
I
= n ~li+-n ~-n zil
Q.60 ~i n + l-n + vin n l< lii-- = 10.0 V nnii i( -i vl-ii n iii 1.00 A nii i-i t l<
-i +i n-i: 10.0 cm, nii n: ~i -i +i i= 2.50 mm nii ni -i vl-i i+-i n ~li+-n ~- n zi l
l+--i tini ?
(A) 1.8% (B) 10.2% (C) 3.8% (D) 5.75%
Sol.
vf/kdre
|
|
.
|

\
|

A
= 2
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
00 . 1
01 . 0
0 . 10
1 . 0
0 . 10
1 . 0
50 . 2
01 . 0
= 3.8%
Q.2 vl-i i+-i + ni- n % zi l l+= = =i li+ iil- ti-i t
(A) n-i: ni- (B) i- ni-
(C) iii ni- (D) i= ni-
Sol
max
|
|
.
|

\
|

A
= i= n l-zi- zi l = == i<i iil- tini
Q.3 l+=i -+i = nii n: iii I = 10.0 Amp., t ~i nii ni lii-- V = 100.0 V t -i +i n-i:
31.4 cm t -i +i i= 2.00 mm t (=ii -l-- =ii+ ~+i n t) -i +i llzi vl-i i+-i (-l-- =ii+
~+i n) tini (t = 3.14 )
(A) 1.00 10
4
O-m (B) 1.0 10
4
O-m (C) 1 10
4
O-m (D) 1.000 10
4
O-m
Sol =
L 4
D
2
t
I
V
=
) 314 . 0 ( 4
) 10 (2.00 ) 14 . 3 (
2 -3

|
.
|

\
|
0 . 10
0 . 100
-ii --i -i- S.F. n ti-i -ilt( = 1.00 10
-4
O -m
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
35
Q.4 lzn vz- n . vl-ii ~i vl-ii+-i ni- n ~li+-n ~-n zil tini (+nzi)
(A) 2.14%, 1.5% (B) 1.5%, 2.45% (C) 2.41%, 1.1% (D) :-n = +i: -ti
Sol.
max
R
dR
|
.
|

\
|
=
i
i A
+
v
v A
=
0 . 10
1 . 0
+
0 . 100
1 . 0
= 1.1%
max
R
dR
|
.
|

\
|
= 2.41%
v4in # 8
ta ua
ni =- ti -i- =- (wheatstone-Bridge) +i (+ =n -<iti t l== ~ai- vl-ii +i ni- ai-
+ =+- t ~ai- vl-ii +i R + -ii- i- t ~i S + -ii- (+ ai- vl-ii +i vin l+=i
i-i t (vl-ii i+= ,ii) A ~i C + i- 1m n-i -i ii i-i t i+i +i -i l+=nii i-i t
R(100 ) = S() ti i( - =- =-ln- ti i(ni ~i n--ini n zi- l-i ~i(ni "" +i ni-
ni ni- = nii i-i t
~ai- l-ii R = S

100
.......(1)
l< ~ai- l-ii +i n-i: L -ii i= d t -i -i +i llzi l-ii+-i tini -
=
L
4
d
R
2
|
|
.
|

\
|
t
=ni+i (1) = =
( )
S
100 L 4
d
2
|
.
|

\
|

Q.1 l< l-ii i+= n lni ni vl-i i S = 300O, t -i = -n- n-i: A l= = 25.0 cm ~i-i t ~ai-
-i +i i= 1mm ~i n-i: 31.4 cm t -i +i llzi vl-ii+-i tini
(A) 2.5 10
4
O-m (B) 3.5 10
4
O-m (C) 4.5 10
4
O-m (D) :-n = +i: -ti
Sol. (A)
300
R
=
75
25
R = 100 =
L 4
d R
2
t
= 2.5 10
4
O -m
Q.2 lzn vz- n l< R ~i S +i - ll-- + l<i i( -i =-n- l-< l+--i li=+ i(ni `
(A) 30 cm (B) 40 cm (C) 50 cm (D) :-n = +i: -ti
Sol. l< R ~i S +i - ll-- + l<i i( -i,
= 75 , 100 - = 25
-i =-n- l-< 75 25 = 50 cm li=+ i(ni
Q.3 ni =- n. =-n- l-< = 33.7 cm ~i-i t l< vl-ii S +i 12O vl-ii = zi + l<i i(
-i =-n- l-< 18.2 cm li=+ i-i t ~ai- vl-ii R +i ni- ti-i -ilt(
(A) 13.5O (B) 68.8O (C) 3.42O (D) :-n = +i: -ti
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
36
Sol. (B)
S
R
=
7 . 33 100
7 . 33

5 12 / 125
R
+
=
) 2 . 18 7 . 33 ( 100
) 2 . 18 7 . 33 (


tn +- R = 68.8 O
fui uziiria
ni = - li n l=i A~i C + z ~l-l+- n-i: ~i i-i t (iil+ i + -i- ) ~- =ti liin
+ ln( l=i +z ~l-l+- n-i: (o -ii |) ziilnn +-i tini + -ii- tn + o ~i 100
+ -ii- tn 100 + | (ti o ~i | l= =ziii- t) +i -in +- t
o ~i | +i ni- ai- +- + ln( tn R ~i S + -ii- ai- vl-ii R
1
~i R
2
vin +- t
ni-il+ ~ii =-n- n-i:
1
~i ti t -i
2
1
R
R
=

1
1
100
+
+
o
|
......(i)
~ tn R
1
~i R
2
+i ~i= n <n- (interchange) t. ~i ~ =-n- n-i:
2
i-- +- t -
1
2
R
R
=

2
2
100
+
+
o
|
......(ii)
=ni+i (i) ~i (ii) +i tn +-
o =
2 1
2 1 1 2
R R
R R

~i | =
2 1
2 2 1 1
R R
R R

100
tn l= =ziii- (o -ii |) + -in = tn v-iii +i =ziili- +- t
Q.1 l< tn R ~i S + -ii- 100O ~i 200O vl-ii vin + -i =-n- l-<
1
= 33.0cm ~i-i
t l< tn vl-iii +i ~i= n <n < -i =-n- l-<
2
= 67.0 cm ~i-i t l=i =ziii- o ~i
| + ni- +i tin :
(A) o = 1cm, | = 1cm (B) o = 2cm, | = 1cm
(C) o = 1cm, | = 2cm (D) :-n = +i: -ti
Ans. (A)
Sol. o =
2 1
2 1 1 2
R R
R R

=
200 100
) 67 )( 100 ( ) 33 )( 200 (

= 1 cm
| =
100
R R
R R
2 1
2 2 1 1

= 100
200 100
) 67 )( 200 ( ) 100 )( 33 (

= 1 cm
Q.2 ~ tn v-ii n-i zi +- t R + -ii- ~ai- vl-ii vin +- t ~i S + -ii- 300O +i
vl-ii n- t l< =-n- n-i: = 26cm ~i-i t -i ~ai- vl-ii +i ni- ai- +i
(A) 108O (B) 105.4O (C) 100O (D) 110O
Ans. (A)
Sol.
eq
eq
) 100 (

=
300
R

) 300 (
R
=
1 ) 26 100 (
1 26
+
+
=
75
27
R =
75
27 300
= 108 O.
Q.3 l< l=i = zii i- -i n l+ l-i ~ai- vl-i i +i ni- R
1
~i-i t ~i l=i = zii i- -i n +- ~ai-
vl-ii +i ni- R
2
~i-i t
(A) R
1
> R
2
=-ln- n-i: =-i n-i: + ~ii = +n t
(B) R
1
< R
2
=-ln- n-i: =-i n-i: + ~ii = +n t
(C) R
1
> R
2
=-ln- n-i: =-i n-i: + ~ii = ~li+ t
(D) R
1
> R
2
tnzii
Ans. (A)
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
37
Sol. R
1
= |
.
|

\
|

100
S
, R
2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
| +
o +

100
S
l< =-ln- n-i: =-i n-i: + ~ii = +n t -i = 40
R
1
=
|
.
|

\
|
60
40
S
R
2
=
|
.
|

\
|
61
41
S
R
1
> R
2
l< = -ln- n-i: =- i n-i: + ~ii = ~li+ t -i = 70
R
1
=
|
.
|

\
|
30
70
S
R
2
=
|
.
|

\
|
31
71
S
R
2
< R
1
.
+ ia fri+a a4 ifa :
ni =- = -i +i vl-ii+-i =
tD S
L
2
4

100
ni-i l-i i i+= (RB) = ai- vl-i i (S) ~i -i +i + n n-i: lzi z ai- t tn = - n- n-i: l ~i
-i + i= D + ni- n zil + +ii n ~li+-n ~-n zil ai- +- t
ln = ln
|
.
|

\
| t
L 4
S
+ 2 ln D + ln ln (100 )
d

= 2
dD
D
+
d

d( )
( )
100
100

= 2
dD
D
+
d

+
d
100
max
|
|
.
|

\
|

A
= 2
AD
D
+
A

+
A
100
max
|
|
.
|

\
|

A
+n n zil + +ii t =

A
+
A
100
=
) 100 (
) 100 (

A
max
|
|
.
|

\
|

A
---n tini (100 ) ~li+-n t i.e. = 50 cm
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
38
v4in #9
sia if+u iu

ti -i- =- (wheatstone's bridge) li n l<

P
Q
=
R
X
ti -i =- =-ln- tini ~- ~ai-
vl-ii X =
Q
P
R t := ti -i- =- li +i =nn- + ln( i- ~il+= i+= +i -in
l+i i-i t
vl-ii P ~i Q ii AB ~i BC n nni i- t ti tni i= 10O , 100 O i 1000 O +
vl-ii -ni t :== tn
Q
P
+i +i: ii ~-i- l-i- (set) + =+- t :- ii~i +i
~-i-ii( +t- t
vi-i n tn Q = 10 O ~i P = 10 O n- t -il+
Q
P
= 1 ti ~ai- (X) +i C ~i D + i- ii
i-i t ~i i A ~i C + i- ii i-i t (l-n+n ti -i- =- +i -t)
~ A = D + i- in iin n :--i vl-ii ii l+ =- =-ln- ti i( :=+ ln( A ~i D
+ n vl-ii (+(+ ~in + ~--in n ci- i- t ~i iiinii n l-i < i- + ln( tn K
1
l+
iiinii +i K
2
+i <i+ l-i <i
ni-i R = 4O . tn i: ~i l-i lnn ti t ~i R = 5O tn <i: ~i l-i lnn ti t ~- tn
+t =+- t l+ =- + =-n- + ln( R +i ni- 4 = 5 + i- ti-i -ilt(
~ X =
Q
P
R =
10
10
R = R = 4 = 5
~- tn +t =+- t l+ ~ai- vl-ii (X) 4O = 5O + i- n ti-i -ilt(
X +i i<i iii (closer) ni- ai- +- + ln( <= v-ii n
Q
P
=
1
10
--i
|
.
|

\
|
=
=
10 Q
100 P
ni-i ~ R = 42 . <ii l<zii n l-i lnn ti t ~i R = 43 ii l<zii n l-i lnn ti t ~-
R e (42,43) t
~ X =
Q
P
R =
10
100
R =
1
10
R ti R e (42,43) t
~- tn +t =+- t l+ X e (4.2, 4.3) X +i ~i iii ni- ai- +- + ln(
Q
P
=
1
100
--i
v-ii =iii -i- -i: n: t
PHYSICS
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39
Q.1 l< -i +i n-i: (100.0 cm), ~i -+ n = nii n: -i +i lzii (1.00 mm) t -i -i + <ii +i llzi
vl-ii+-i tini
(A) 13.35 10
6
O-m (B) 13.4 10
6
O-m (C) 13.352 10
6
O-m (D) 16.5 10
6
O-m
Ans. B
Sol. <i n: -iln+i = R = 4.25 O
=

2
r ) R ( t
=
) 10 0 . 100 (
10 ) 00 . 1 ( 14 . 3 25 . 4
2
6 2

= 13.4 10
6
Om (Ans. -i- =ii+ ~+i n )
Q.2 +ia : zi - l-i +i v l-i- +- + ln( tn (K
1
) + i <i: i-i t ~i i< n iiinii + i (K
2
) <i:
i-i t
+ii : l< tn K
2
< + ~i l+ K
1
< + -i iii ~-i-+ c-i -itni ~- -v+ + +ii.
iiinii n --- liii l.i.n --- ti i-i t i iiinii +i -+=i- t-i =+-i t
(A) +--1 = t, +--2 = t; +--2 +- -1 +i =ti -i+i t
(B) +--1 = t , +--2 = t ; +--2 +--1 +i =ti -i+i -ti t
(C) +- -1 = t, +--2 ~= t
(D) +- -1 ~= t , +--2 = t
Ans. (A)
Q.3 -i+- l-zi (2) n l<( n( i-~il+= i+= = ~li+-n ~i ---n l+--i vl-ii ni =+-
t?
(A) 1111 kO , 0.1 O (B*) 1111 kO , 0.01 O (C) 1111 kO , 0.001 O(D) :-n = +i: -ti
Ans. (B)
Sol. x =
R
P
Q
(X)
max
=
min
max
) P (
) Q (
(R)
max
=
10
1000
(11110)= 1111 kO
(X)
min
=
max
min
) P (
) Q (
(R)
min
=
1000
10
(1) = 0.01 O.
Q.4 l+=i lzii vin n
Q
P
=
1
10
t ~i R n l< 192 O vl-ii nni- t -i n--ini n l-i <i:
~i ~i-i t. ~i R n 193 O vl-ii nni- t -i ii l-i <i: ~i ti ~i-i t nl+- l<
194 O +i vl-ii nni- t -i l-i i: ~i ~i-i t ~ai- vl-ii +i ni- ti-i -ilt(
(A) 19.2 to 19.3 O (B) 19.3 to 19.4 O (C) 19 to 20 O (D) 19.3 to 19.4 O
PHYSICS
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40
Ans. (D)
Sol. X =
P
Q
(R) =
10
1
(193 194)
= 19.3 19.4
Q.5 l< nn-i = i B ~i C + i- ii i( ~i n--ini A ~i C + i- ii i( -i
(A) tn =-n- l-< -ti lnnni
(B) vin i<i iii -ti tni
(C) vin +i - + =+- t
(D) vin +i tn +i -t + =+- t nl+- ~ tn K
2
+i +i <i-i tini. i< n K
1
Ans. (D)
v4in # 10
U-V ffri u an <si +t +i+u <t aia +ai
fu&i-a : u + ~nn~nn ni-i + ln(. v + ni- v l-i- +i
~i <i =zi
1
f
=
1
v
+
1
u
= f +i ni- ai- +i
lli := vi n n (+ ~-n < i +i MM l-i l-il-
ii i-i t ~i (+ = : (knitting needle) +i l- +i -t
vi n l+i i-i t
~i ~-n < i + =in- ii i-i t tn = : +i l-
Image
Image
needle
Object
needle
= : (l-zi n O)
= vin tn f +i nnin ni- l-+in- t :=+ ln( (+ t - < l-i- -- ( = = ) +i -i-i
vl-l- l+- +in -i- t t - < l-i- -- + vl-l- +i < i = +i += < i +i nnin
ni- -i + =+- t
~ l- = : +i f < i = < ii i-i t -il+ :=+i i--l+ ~i --i vl-- (l-zi n I)
- =+-i t (+ ~i i < ++ < =i ~i i +i < i + i + ~- l<zi i+ < i n < i-
:= vl-l- +i < i =+- t
vl-l- +i <zii - (locate) + ln(. (+ < =i = : +i vi n +- t ~i := = : +i :--i li=+i-
t -il+ :=+i ziii . vl-l- = = i-i ti i (l-zii- =i) t < =i = : vl-l- +i < i (v) -i-i
t . ~- := vl-l- = : +t- t (l-zi n I') v+ilzi+ - l-i- mm ni- = l- +i < i u
~i vl-l- +i < i v +i ai- +i
:=i v+i 4-5 ~i v -ii ni
u v v-ii = +i+= <i f +i ni- ai- +i :
<si ui s4in +a s :
(i) v + uv v -ii = < i = zi :
1
f
=
1
v
+
1
u
+i n<< = f +i ni- ai- +i ~i -- =ii +i
~i =- n
(ii)
1
v
v/s
1
u
+ = :
1
v
+
1
u
=
1
f

1
1
/
/
u
f
+
1
1
/
/
v
f
= 1
x
a
+
y
b
= 1
~-
1
v
v/s
1
u
+ i- + (+ =n ii ti ni. l=+ x ~i y vl--z < +nzi =
1
f
~i
1
f
ti n
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
41
1/u
1/v
1/f
1/f
u ~i v + v -iii = .
1
v
v/s
1
u
+ ii -i -i t =n ii ~i(ni :=+ x ~i y ~ - i ai-
+i ~i := +nzi
1
f
~i
1
f
+ i ii
1/u (in 1/m)
1/v (in 1/m)
-10 =1/f
=1/f
So f = -1/10
-10
So f = -1/10
(iii) u v + u :
u ~i v + i- =--i t
1
v
+
1
u
=
1
f
..............(1)
~- v v/s u + n +i + (+ ~i-i+i ~l-n t
l< tn ~-ii +i =nl,iil- +-i t : ii ii -- t ~ii - ii
u = v ..............(2)
an <si + fny v u +i ii
-i :-+ vl--z <i l-< ti - -ilt( v = 2f ~i u = 2f (=ni+i (1) ~i =ni+i (2) +i tn +- )
u v v -ii = v v/s u +i n i+ ii -i ~i ~-ii +i ~i + ii ii ii -i :-+ vl--z <i l-< ai-
+i ~i := (2f, 2f) + i ii
U (in cm)
V (in cm)
Line
v=u
(2f,2f)
(-20,-20)
So f = -10 cm
(iv) u
n
i v
n
+i ia int iii + sfa-< f-< u :
x ~-i u
1
, u
2
, u
3
....... u
n
+i ~l+- +i ~i y~-i v
1
, v
2
, v
3
........ v
n
~l+- +i l<
tn u
1
+i v
1
= u
2
+i v
2
, u
3
+i v
3
= ............... i - t . -i =ii -il- l-< (f, f) lnn-
t
~-n < i + ln( v vs. u +i ~i i
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
42
u
v
(f,f)
u1 u2 u3 u4
v1
v2
v3
v4
sat+i
u
1
~i v
1
+i i - ini ii
x
u
1
+
x
v
1
= 1 ..............(1)
ti
1
1
u
+
1
1
v
= f i
f
u
1
+
f
v
1
= 1..............(1)
u
2
~i v
2
+i i - ini ii
x
u
2
+
y
v
2
= 1 ..............(2)
ti
f
u
2
+
f
v
2
= 1 ..............(2)
-=i -t = u
n
~i v
n
+i i- ini ii
x
v
n
+
y
u
n
= 1 ..............(3)
ti
f
u
n
+
f
v
n
= 1 ..............(3)
=ni+i (1), (2), (3), = tn t +t =+- t l+ l-< x = f ~i y = f =nic (1), (2), (3) =ni+i
+i = - +- t ~- l-< (f, f) =ii ii~i +i -il- vl--z <i l-< ti ni
u v v -iii = u
1
, u
2
...... u
n
+i x-~-i ~i v
1
, v
2
, ........ v
n
+i y-~-i ~ l+- +i u
1
+i
v
1
, u
2
+i v
2
= ........ u
n
+i v
n
= i i =ii ii~i +i -il- vl--z <i l-< ai- +i ~i -=
(f, f) + i ii
u (in cm)
V (in cm)
(-10,-10)
(f,f)
=
So f=-10 cm
u+i+ (INDEX) ifa -
u v lli n tn l- ~i vl-l- +i < i + i = < i (i--l+ < i) -ilt( n l+- vi n n
:=+ ln( tn = + -+ A ~i B + n < i (v l-i- < i) +i ni- +- t i l- ~i < i +
i = ai+ = =-i-i -ti ti - t :=n ii i=i lnni- -ti ti -i t l= = -+i + zi l +t- t ~i
t v + v -ii n l-- t-i t
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
43
=-+i+ zil = vl-i- <i i--l+ <i
(-+ n n zi - zi l +i -t t ii ~l-l+- ia i + t )
= -+i + zi l ai- +- + ln( < i ~i l- = : +i l+=i ii l-il- n ii i-i t i--l+
< i ai- +- + ln( (+ = : +i l- O ~i < i + i (P) + i- ai+ ii i-i t = :
(knitting needle) +i n-i: l- +i i--l+ < i -i(ni ~i := =n = -+ A ~i B + i- +i
< i v l-i- < i ti ni
~- = -+i + zi l -
e = vf+ia <t iaf+ <t
= u+ A i B + t <t ur (knitting needle) +t nir
(+ i tn e lnn ni. v + v -ii n
i--l+ < i = v l-i- < i (= -+i + i- < i) ~l-l+- iai + +i index error (e)
*(+ ~i < ti -i t = -+i + =zii i- i l+ = -+i + zi l +i --i ti -i t
u+i+ uziiria = u+i+ ifa
Ex.1 u n = -+i + zi l ai- +- + ln( 20.0 cm +i (+ = : (knitting needle) +i < i + i ~i
l- = : + n l-i- l+i i-i t -i l- = -+i + n < i 20.2 cm ~i-i t u + ln(
= -+i + zi l ti ni
(A) 0.2 cm (B) 0.2 cm (C) 0.1 cm (D) 0.1 cm
Sol. =-+i + zi l (~l-l+- iai+) = vl-i- < i i--l+ <i
= 20.2 20.0
= 0.2 cm
Ex.2 v n = -+i + zi l ai- +- + ln(. = : (knitting needle) +i < i + i ~i vl-l-
= : + n l-il- l+i i-i t -i = -+i + l-l- = : < i + n < i 19.9 cm
~i-i t v + ln( = -+i + zi l t
(A) 0.1 cm (B) 0.1 cm (C) 0.2 cm (D) 0.2 cm
Sol. e = 19.9 cm 20.0 cm
= 0.1 cm
Ex.3 l+=i v -ii n . l- +i v l-i- < i (l- = : ~i < i + = -+i + i- < i) 30.2 cm t . ~il< ~i
vl-l- +i v l-i- < i 19.9 cm t lzn <i vz-i + = -+i + zi l +i -i n ++ ~-n < i +i
+i += < i ai- +i
Sol. u = 30.2 0.2 (iai+ ~ili+)
= 30.0 cm.
v = 19.9 (0.1) (iai+ ~ili+)
= 20.0 cm.
1
f
=
1
v
+
1
u
f = 12.0 cm.
u i v + ifa si (imperfact) isa + +ii f fri+a a4 ifa :
:= vi n n l+=i ii l+=i =n -- (u, v) = +i += < i l-+in- +i =ni+i
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
44
f
1
=
u
1
+
v
1

2
f
df
=
2
u
du
+
2
v
dv
|
.
|

\
| A
2
f
f
=
2
u
u A

2
v
v A
max
2
f
f
|
.
|

\
| A
= +
2
u
u A
+
2
v
v A
( )
2
2 2
max
f
v
v
u
u
f |
.
|

\
| A
+
A
= A
(ti nii+ :=ln( nnii ni t -il+ =i < i()
Ex.4 u v lli = ~-n <i +i +i+= <i l-+in- + vin n l< l- +i <i 10.0 cm ~i-i t. ~i vl-l-
+i <i 10.0 cm ~i-i t u v + ni- + +ii f n ~li+-n ~-n zil ai- +i
Sol.
u
1
+
v
1
=
f
1

) 10 (
1

+
) 10 (
1

=
f
1
| f | = 5 cm
( )
2
2 2
max
f
v
v
u
u
f |
.
|

\
| A
+
A
= A
( )
2
2 2
max
5
10
1 . 0
10
1 . 0
f |
.
|

\
|
+ = A
= 0.05 cm :=ln( f = (5 0.05) cm
v4in # 11
u-v ffri u a-in n-u +t +i+u <t aia +ai+
fu&i-a : u + ~nn~nn ni-i + ln( v + ni- vl-i- +i. ~i
1
f
=
1
v
-
1
u
n= =zi
= f ai- +i
:= vin n --in n-= +i l-i l-il- L ii i-i t ~i =: (knitting needle)
+i l- +i -t vin l+i i-i t ~i := --in n-= + =in- ii i-i t :=
=: +i l- =: (l-zi n AB) +t- t
= vin tn f +i nnin ni- l-+in- t :=+ ln( (+ t - < l-i- -- ( = = ) +i -i-i
vl-l- l+- +in -i- t t - < l-i- -- + vl-l- +i < i = +i += < i +i nnin
ni- -i nni =+- t
~ l- = : +i f = < ii i-i t -il+ :=+i i--l+ ~i --i vl-- (l-zi n A'B') --i
t (+ ~i i < ++ < =i ~i i +i < i + i + ~- l<zi i+ < i n < i- := vl-l-
+i < i =+- t
vl-l- +i <zii - (locate) + ln(. (+ < =i = : +i vi n +- t ~i := = : +i :--i li=+i-
t -il+ :=+i ziii . vl-l- = =-i-i ti (l-zii- =i) t < =i = : vl-l- +i < i (v) -i-i t . ~-
:= vl-l- = : +t- t (l-zi n CD) l v+ilzi+ - l-i- mm ni- = l- +i < i u ~i
vl-l- +i < i v +i ai- +i
:=i v+i 4-5 ~i v -ii n
u v v-iii = f +i ni- ai- +-i :
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
45
n -u u i u :
(i) n-u ui :
1
f
=
1
v
-
1
u
+i as4in ++ v-4+ u v v+ii u +i+u <t aia +i+
a ut+i +i iua fa+in n+
(ii)
1
v
v/s
1
u
+ + u :
1
v
-
1
u
=
1
f

1
1
/
/
u
f
+
1
1
/
/
v
f
= 1
x
a
+
y
b
= 1
~-
1
v
v/s
1
u
+i + =n ii ~i-i -ilt( l=+ ~ - i = -
1
f
-ii
1
f
ti- -ilt(
a-in n u + fny
v
1

u
1
+i i i
1/u
1/v
1/f
-1/f
u v v -iii = .
1
v
v/s
1
u
+i n i+ -i~i t =n ii ~i(ni x -ii y ~ -i ai- +i ~i
-= -
1
f
~i
1
f
+ i ii
1/u (in 1/m)
1/v (in 1/m)
10 =1/f
=-1/f
So f = 1/10
-10
So f = 1/10
(iii) u v ni+ u :
u ~i v + i- = i t -
1
v
-
1
u
=
1
f
..............(1)
~- v v/s u +i n i+ l-zii- =i ~i-i+i ~l-n ~i-i -ilt
l< tn ~-ii +i =nl,iil- +- ini ii ii - -
u = - v ..............(2)
-i --+ l--z<i l-< V = 2f, u = - 2f ~in [=ni+i (1) ~i (2) +i tn +- ]
u v -iii = v v/s u +i ni+ ii -i ~i ii y = -x -i~i <i -i + l--z <i l-< ai- +i
~i -= (-2f, 2f) + i ii
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
46
a-in nu + fny v v/s u +i ii
U
V
Line
v=-u
1/v -1/u = 1/f
(-2f,2f)
(iv) u
n
i v
n
+i ia int ii + sfa-< u :
u
1
, u
2
, u
3
....... u
n
+i x-~-i ~i v
1
, v
2
, v
3
........ v
n
+i y ~-i ~ l+- +i ~ u
1
+i v
1
=. u
2
+i v
2
=. u
3
+i v
3
= ............... +i i - ini ii( ii -i
=ii ii( -il-a l-< (-f, f) lnn ni
u
v
(-f,f)
u1 u2 u3 u4
v1
v2
v3
v4
u v s+iii u u
1
, u
2
...... u
n
+i x-~-i ~i v
1
, v
2
, ........ v
n
+i y-~-i ~ l+- +i u
1
+i v
1
= u
2
+i v
2
....
u
n
+i v
n
= lnni- ini ii ii-i ~i --+i -il-a l--z<i l-< ai- +i ~i -= (-f, f) + i ii
u+i+ ifa i fri+a a4 ifa an <si +t ar rt aia + u+a r