Chapter 5

The Boost and Buck/Boost

Converters

General Theory of Two-Level DC-DC Converters
2014/8/6
Generalized CCM Duty Ratio
on
t
T
0
1
V
2
V
(5.1)
(5.2)
(5.3)
Fig 5.1 General CCM inductor voltage waveform
(5.4)
1 1 ,
) ( V t V
L
=
on
t t s s 0

2 2 ,
) ( V t V
L
=
T t t
on
s s

1 2
2
CCM
V V
V
D

=
0 ) 1 (
2 1
= + V D DV

2014/8/6
Generalized CCM Inductor Current
(5.6)
(5.5)
min
1
1 ,
) ( I t
L
V
t i
L
+ =
on
0 t t s s
max on
2
2 ,
) ( ) ( I t t
L
V
t i
L
+ =
T t t s s
on
on
t
T
0
max
I
min
I
( ) t i
L 1 ,
( ) t i
L 2 ,
Fig 5.2 Generalized CCM inductor current
T
t
D
o
o
=
(5.7)
2014/8/6
The Load-Connected Duty Ratio
Ratio of the load current to the average inductor current.

(5.8)
(5.9)
(5.10)
(5.11)
Three possible values for D
o.


avg
o
o
I
I
D =
1
o
= D
(buck converter)
D D =
o
D D =1
o
(buck/boost converters)
(boost converter)
2014/8/6
Generalized CCM Inductance
min o
1 o
o
2
I D
Lf
V DD
I + =
(5.15)
(5.12)
(5.13)
(5.14)
Do=1, D=Vo/Vs, V1=Vs-Vo (5.16)
min
1
max
I
L
DV
I
f
+ =
min
1
2
1
TI
Lf
DV
T A +
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
min
1
2
I
L
DV
I
f
avg
+ =
o
1 o
CCM
2 V f
R V DD
L =
Load current in terms
of the load-connected
duty ratio
Minimum inductance results when I
min
= 0:
2014/8/6
CCM Capacitor Currents
o
I
) (t i
C
0
D D =
o
o
I
) (t i
C
0
D D =1
o
) (t i
C
0
1
o
= D
on
t
o max
I I
o min
I I
(a)
(b)
(c)
on
t
1
t
2
t
<-- Fig 5.3 CCM capacitor
current and load-connected
duty ratios.
2014/8/6
CCM capacitance
(5.18)
(5.17)
(5.19)
(5.20)
when, the CCM capacitor current is D D
o
=
o C
I I t
L
V
t i + =
min
1
1 ,
) (
on
t t s s 0
o C
I t i = ) (
2 ,
T t t
on
s s

If, the capacitor current is D D
o
=1
o C
I t i = ) (
1 , on
t t s s 0
o on C
I I t t
L
V
t i + =
max
2
2 ,
) ( ) (
T t t
on
s s

When ,the capacitor current is expressed by
equations 5.17 and 5.20.
1 =
o
D
2014/8/6
(5.22)
(5.21)
(5.23)
o on o
I t T V C ) ( = A
Rf
V D
V C
o
o
) 1 (
= A
RCf
V D
V
o
o
) 1 (
= A


Rfr
D
C

=
1
D
o
= D ;
(5.24)
2014/8/6
(5.25)
(5.26)
on o o
t I V C = A
Rf
DV
V C
o
o
= A
D
o
= 1 D ;
Rfr
D
C =
min
1
2
I
Lf
DV
I
o
+ =
(5.27)
(5.28)
2014/8/6
(5.29)
(5.33)
(5.31)
(

=
f
D
t
L
V
t i
C
2
) (
1
1 ,
on
t t s s 0
(

+
=
f
D
t
L
V
t i
C
2
1
) (
2
2 ,
T t t
on
s s
f
t t
2
1
1 2
=
Lf
DV
I
pk
2
1
=
2
1 1
8 2 2
1
2
1
Lf
DV
Lf
DV
f
Q = = A
(5.30)
(5.34)
(5.32)
2
o
1
8 Lf rV
DV
C =
D
o
= 1 ;
2014/8/6
The Boost Converter& Equivalent
Circuits
L
R C
s
V
SW2
SW1 o
V
+
-
Fig 5.4 Boost converter
s
V
o
V
+ - L
V
+
-
(a)
L
i
C
i
o
I
s
V
o
V
+ - L
V
+
-
(b)
L
i
C
i
o
I
Fig 5.5(a)(b) Equivalent
circuit of the boost converter
2014/8/6
CCM Boost Converter
( )
f
R D D
L
2
1
2
CCM

=
(5.36)
o
s
1
V
V
D =
D V
V

=
1
1
s
o
Based on D closest to
1/3
(5.35) ;
(5.37)
(5.38)
f
R D D
dD
dL
CCM
2
) 3 4 1 (
2
+
=
0 3 4 1
2
= + D D D=1/3 (5.39)
2014/8/6
The Buck/Boost Converter&
Equivalent Circuits
L R C
SW2 SW1
o
V
+
-
s
V
Fig 5.7 Buck/boost converter
L
i
o
V
+
-
L
V
+
-
s
V
(a)
C
i
o
I
L
i
o
V
+
-
L
V
+
-
s
V
(b)
C
i
o
I
Fig 5.8(a)(b) Equivalent circuit
of the Buck/boost converter
2014/8/6
The CCM Buck/Boost Converter
(5.40) ; (5.41)
(5.42)
s o
o
V V
V
D
+
=
D
D
V
V

=
1
s
o
( )
f
R D
L
2
1
2
CCM

=
Rfr
D
C =
CCM inductance
Because D
o
= 1 - D