9.2.1 To Determine the first derivative of the function y = axn using formula.

Example
y= x3

dy
= 3 x 31
dx

y= x

Exercise
y= x5

y= x7

dy
=
dx

= 3 x2
[5x4]

[4x3]

y = 2x

dy
= 3 2x2
dx

y = 3x

y = 5x

[ 7x6]

y = 10x

dy
= 4
dx

= 6 x2
[12x3]
3

y= 2x

dy
= 3 ( 2 ) x2
dx

y= 5x

[15x2]

y= 8x

[20x]

y = 12 x

dy
=
dx

= 6x2
[ -20x3]

f(x)

= x

-2

f ' ( x) = -2 x-2-1
= -2x

f(x) = x

-1

[-40x4 ]

f(x) =

f(x) = x

-5

f(x) =

f(x)

= 3 x-2

f ' ( x) = -2 3x-2-1
= -6x

f(x) =

f(x) = 4x -1

[- x56 ]
b

f(x) =

f(x) = 2x -4

[- x62 ]
c

f(x) =

f(x) = 6x -1
f(x) =

-3

[- x42 ]
6

f(x) = x -3

-3

[- x12 ]
5

[-24x]

1 4
x
2
dy
1
= 4 x4 1
dx
2
y=

y=

[- x85 ]
b

3 4
x
2

y=

[- x62 ]
c

1 6
x
3

y=

1 3
x
6

dy
=
dx

= 2 x3
[2x5 ]

[ 6x3]

2 3
x
3
dy
2
= 3 x3 1
dx
3
y=

y=

2
x
3

dy
=
dx

f(x) =

[ 21x 4 ]
c

5
2x

f(x) =

f(x) =

4
3x 6

f(x) =

= 2 x2

[ x47 ]
Differentiation

[- 2x5 2 ]

[- x87 ]

9.2.3 Determine first derivative of a function involving : (a) addition, or (b) subtraction of algebraic terms.

Example
1.

Exercise

y = x + 3x +4

a.

y = x +4x +3

b.

dy
= 2x + 3
dx
2.

y = x2 - 3x +4

[2x+4]

a.

y = x2 -4x +3

y = x3 + 4x2 + 5

[2x+5]

b.

dy
= 2x - 3
dx
3.

y = x2 + 5x +6

y = x2 - 5x +6

[2x-4]

a.

y = x3 +5x2 +7

[2x-5]

b.

y = x3 + 6x2 + 8

dy
= 3x 2 + 8 x
dx
[3x2 +10x]

4.

y = x - 3x -6

a.

y = x -5x -7

[3x2 + 12x]

b.

y = x - 6x 8

dy
= 3x 2 - 6 x
dx
[3x2-10x]

5.

y = x(x + 5)
y = x2 + 5x

a.

y = x(x - 6)

b.

dy
= 2x + 5
dx
6.

y = (x+1)(x + 5)
y = x2 + 6x + 5

y = (x+3)2
y = x2 + 6x + 9

a.

y = (x+1)(x 6)

y = x(x+3)2
y = x(x2 + 6x + 9)
y = x3 + 6x2 + 9x

[ 3x2 + 10x]

b.

y = (x2 +1)(x - 4)

[3x2 -8x+1]

[2x-5]

a.

y = (x+4)2

b.

dy
= 2x + 6
dx
8.

y = x (x + 5)

[2x-6]

dy
= 2x + 6
dx
7.

[3x2 -12x]
2

y = (3x+1)2

[2(x+4)]

a.

y = x(x+4)2

[6(3x+1)]

b.

y = x(3x+1)2

dy
= 3x 2 + 12 x + 9
dx
[3x2 + 16x+16]

Differentiation

[27x2 +12x+1]

Example
9.

3
x
y = x2 + 3x-1
y = x2 +

a.

y = x2 +

Exercise
b.
4
y = x3 x

5
x

dy
= 2 x - 3x - 2
dx
dy
3
= 2x - 2
dx
x
[3x 2 + x42 ]

[2x - x52 ]
10.

y = x2 +

3 4
+
x x2

y = x2 +

5 6
+
x x2

b.

y = x3 -

4 5
x x2

y = x2 + 3x-1 + 4x-2
dy
= 2 x - 3x - 2 - 8 x - 3
dx
dy
3 8
= 2- 2 - 3
dx
x x
11.

y=

x 3 + 4x + 5
x

[3x 2 + x42 + 10
]
x3

[2x - x52 - 12
]
x3
a.

y=

x 3 + 5x - 6
x

b.
y=

x 3 - 2x - 7
x

y = x2 + 4 + 5x -1
dy
= 2 x - 5 x -2
dx

dy
5
= 2x - 2
dx
x
12.

x 3 + 4x + 5
y=
x2

[2x + x62 ]
a.

x 3 + 5x - 6
y=
x2

[2x + x72 ]

b.

x 3 - 2x - 7
y=
x2

y = x + 4x-1 + 5x-2
dy
= 1 - 4 x - 2 - 10 x -3
dx
dy
4 10
= 1- 2 - 3
dx
x x
[1- x52 + 12
]
x3
Differentiation

[1+ x22 + 14
]
x3

9.2.4 To determine the first derivative of a product of 2 polynomial.

Example
Exercise
1
y= x ( x3+1)
a
y= x ( x4+2)
y= ( x 5+1)x
3
u=x , v =x +1
du
dv
1,
3x 2
dx
dx
dy d
(uv)
dx dx
dv
du
=u
v
dx
dx
=

y= ( x3-1)x

[4x3 -1]
y= ( x3-1)(-4x2)

[ -20x4+8x]
f(x)= (2-x) ( x3+3)

x(3x2)+(x3+1)(1)

3 x3+x3+1
= 4x3 +1

[ 5x4+2]
2

y= 2x2 ( x3+1)
u=2x2 , v =x3+1
du
dv
4x
3x 2
dx
dx
dy d
(uv)
dx dx
dv
du
=u
v
dx
dx

y= 3x2 ( x3-1)

[ 15x4-6x]
f(x)= (x-1) ( 1+x3)

[ 6x5+1]
y= ( x3-1)(5x2)

[ 25x4-10x]
f(x)= (1-x) ( x3+2)

=
2

2x (3x2)+(x3+1)(4x)
=

6 x4+4x4 +4x
= 10x4 +4x

f(x)= (x+1) ( x3+1)

u=x+1 , v =x3+1
du
dv
1
3x 2
dx
dx
d
f ' ( x) (uv)
dx
dv
du
v
=u
dx
dx
=

(x+1)(3x2)+(x3+1)(1)
=

3x3+3x2 +x3+1

= 4x3+3x2+1

[4 x3-3x2+1]
Differentiation

[ -4x3+3x2-2 ]

[ -4x3+6x2-3]

x
+1)
2
x
u=x+1 , v = +1
2
du
dv 1
1

dx
dx 2

y= (x+1) (

y= (x-1) (

x
+1)
3

y= (2x+1) (

x
+1)
2

x
y= (3-2x) ( 2- )
2

dy d
(uv)
dx dx
dv
du
=u
v
dx
dx
1
(x+1)( )+
2
x
( 1 )(1)
2
1
1 1
= x x 1
2
2 2
=

x 1

1
2

[
5

x
+1)
2
x
u=x2+1 , v = +1
2
du
dv 1
2x

dx
dx 2
dy d
(uv)
dx dx
dv
du
=u
v
dx
dx

y= (x2+1) (

y= (x4+1) (

2
2
x ]
3
3

1
[2x+ 2 ]
2

x
+1)
3

y= (2+x2) (

x
-1)
4

[2x-5
c

y= (3-x3) (

1
]
2

x
+1)
3

1
(x2+1)( )+
2
x
( 1 )(2x)
2

1 2 1
x + x 2 2x
2
2
=

3 2
1
x 2x
2
2

5
1
[ x 4 4x 3 ]
3
3

Differentiation

3 2
1
x 2x ]
4
2

[-

4 3
x 3x 2 1 ]
3

9.2.5 To determine the first derivative of a quotient of two polynomials using formula
Example : y

ux
dy
1
dx

x
x 1

1. y

5x
2x 3

v x 1
dv
1
dx

du
dv
v
u
dy
dx 2 dx
dx
v
x 11 x1

x 12
x 1 x

x 12
1

x 12
15
(2x +3) 2

2.

y =

3x
4x 5

3. y =

15
(4x +5) 2

Differentiation

6x
2x 7

42
- (2x-7)
2

4. y =

5x 4
3x 2

5. y =

1 4x
1 x

- (1+x5 )2

22
- (3x-2)
2

6.

1 x
1 2x

7. y =

1
(1-2x )2

Differentiation

x2
x 3

x
x-3

8. y =

3x 2
1 5x

9. y =

4x3
x 2 10

6x-15x 2
(1-5x)2

10. y =

4x 4 +120x 2
(x 2 +10) 2

5x 2 - 3x
8 + x3

11. y =

-5x 4 +6x 3 +80x-24

(8+x 3 )2

Differentiation

x2 1
5x 3 4

-5x 4 +15x 2 -8x

(5x 3 -4)2

9.2.6 Determine the first derivative of composite function using chain rule.
Example
1

y ( x 2)
dy
2( x 2) 1 1
dx
2( x 2)
2

Exercise
a

y ( x 3)

y ( x 2) 5

[4(x+3)3]

y (3 x 2) 2
dy
2 (3 x 2)1 3
dx
6(3 x 2)

y 2( x 2) 2
dy
2 2( x 2) 1 1
dx
4( x 2)

y (2 x 3) 4

y (4 x 2) 5

2
( x 2) 2

y 5( x 2) 4

[3(x+8)2]

y (5 x 8) 3

[20(4x+2)4]

y 3(4 x 2) 5

[20(x+2)3]

y ( x 8) 3

[5(x+2)4]

[8(2x+3)3]

[15(5x+8)2]

y 2(2 x 8) 3

[60(4x+2)4]

5
( x 2) 4

3
( x 2) 5

[12(2x+8)3]

2
( x 8) 3

y 2( x 2) 2
dy
2 2( x 2) 3
dx
4( x 2) 3

4
( x 2) 3

[- (x 20
]
+2)5
5

2
y
5( x 2) 2

[- (x15
]
+2)6
b

3
4( x 5) 3

4
5(2 x 3) 6

6
[- (x +8)
4 ]

5
2(3 x 4) 4

2( x 2) 2
5
dy
2( x 2) 3
2
1
dx
5
4( x 2) 3

5
4

5( x 2) 3
y

[- 4(x9+5)4 ]
Differentiation

24
[- 5(2x-3)
7 ]

10
[ (3x-4)
5]