Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3
10
12
14
15
17
20
24
27
22
28
29
37
//
/
41
47
53
75
85
89
101
108
111
114
..2510
116
..2518
..2522
125
131
..2537
137
..2538
139
143
/
1-2
5
Bulk powders
Mucilln (Isphagula husk)
Divided powders
ORS
Dusting powders
( )
Granules
0.24 mm
Agiolax (Isphagulahusk+Senna)
Fluimucil (Carbocysteine)
ENO
Effervescent granules
Vitamin E
Isotretinoin
Plain compressed tablets
Filmcoated tablets
Multiple compressed tablets
Magesto
Decolgen
Effervescent tablets
CDR
Sugar-coated tablets
Film-coated tablets
Lozenges, Troches
Pastilles, Jujubes
Pills
Rectal suppositories
Vaginal suppositories,
Pessaries
Solutions
Syrups
Elixirs
alcohol
Spirits ()
alcohol
alcohol
Spirit
Mixtures
colloid
Suspensions
()
Emulsions
Lotions
Suspensions Solutions
Emulsions
Liniments
emulsions
Creams
emulsion
Ointments ( )
Pastes
Gels
Transdermal patches
( )
1.
tight container
(desiccant)
salicylic acid aspirin
Hard Gelatin Capsules Soft Gelatin Capsules
Uncoated Tablets
(
mottling)
Coated Tablets
Dry Powders and Granules
Effervescent Tablets, Granules, and Powders
10
dead mixture
Rectal suppositories
(2-8 C)
Vaginal suppositories
2.
Solutions, Elixirs, Syrups
Emulsions (cracking)
Suspensions (caking)
Tinctures Fluidextracts
Sterile Liquids
3.
Creams (crystal growth)
Ointments
(bleeding)
11
1.
(expiration date)
5 2-3
/
2. (beyond-use date)
-
1 (dispensed)
-
(tight, light-resistant containers stored at controlled room temperature)
1) (non-aqueous)
25%
6 diazepam tablet 1
3 (25% 1 )
6 Diazepam USP powder
2)
14
Diazepam oral suspension Diazepam tablet Diazepam USP powder
14 60
14
3) (duration of therapy)
30
12
13
1.
- (freezer) -25 C -10 C
- (cold) 8 C
-
(refrigerator) 2-8 C
(cool) 8-15 C (in a cool place)
(room temperature)
(controlled room temperature, CRT) 20-25 C
(warm) 30-40 C
(excessive heat) 40 C
(protection from freezing) 0 C
(dry place) CRT (20-25 C) (relative humunity, RH)
40%
CRT
15 C
2-8 ( 10) C
2.
/
3.
4.
Salicylic Acid Lotion BP
14
/
closure immediate
container
(strength) (quality) (purity)
- (child resistant packaging)
- (tamper resistant packaging, tamper evident packaging, tamper proof
packaging)
- (light-resistant container)
light-resistant container
protect from light ( )
- (well-closed container)
- (tight container)
(efflorescence) (deliquescence)
(hermetic container) single dose
- (hermetic container)
- (single-unit container)
(single dose) immediate container
/ tamper-resistant packaging single-unit container
/ (lot number)
15
16
Certificate 1
2
Certificate
Certificate of analysis
Product Name
: CALTAB-1250
Registered No.
: 1A 251/45
Batch Size
: 400,000 tablets
: CUT1204
Mfg. Date
: 11-01-12
Analytical No.
: 1201/135
Exp. Date
: 11-01-16
Active Ingredients
Calcium carbonate
1250.0 mg
Equivalent to calcium
500.0 mg
Description
White ,oblong ,biconvex, with engraved CALTAB on one side and 1250 on the other
TESTS
Identification
Range of mean weight
Uniformity of dosage units
REQUIREMENT
RESULTS
Positive
Positive
293.0-332.6 mg/tab
1406.64 mg/tab
1.9%
(Weight variation)
(L1 = 15.0)
Disintegration time
6 mins 54 seconds
is dissolved in 30 minutes
Av. 93.3%
23.2 mEq/tab
Dissolution
Acid neutralizing capacity
99.7%
17
1.
2.
3.
:
Active ingredient
Metabolite
Description
Identification
- Chemical test
- Chromatographic method
HPLC, IR
Type
25 mg 25%
Uncoated
WV
CU
Film coated
WV
CU
Other coated
CU
CU
Thickness
punch-die
- Teclock micrometer caliper
- 1 3 mm
Hardness
- Stoke-Monsanto hardness tester
- 1 kg
18
Friability
% = ( ) 100
USP 30
1.
2. % target value (<1.0%)
3. % target value
2 1.0 %
Disintegration time
Dissolution /
- Apparatus 1 basket
- Apparatus 2 paddle capsule
-
pH -
Particulate matter
Sterility
Loss on drying
Assay
Degradation product
Heavy metal
T MAX
T 1/2
19
station 2 station station
station
( )
1.
- :
- : (
)
810 cm
- 1
-
( volumetric flask)
2. :
(Petrolatum/Vaseline) (Iodine) /
(NaOH, KOH)
3. :
4. :
** White bee wax, Stearyl alcohol, Cetyl alcohol ------
** Wool fat, White petrolatum
------
1 :
2 :
3 :
20
21
Station
1.
20%
(mL)
(mL)
10
25
50
10
100
20
500
100
2.
3. 1 ( )
4.
5.
6. 2 ( )
7.
lower meniscus
8.
9. 3 ( )
22
:
- (, ) ------ lower miniscus
- (Mineral oil, Glycerin, Syrup) ------ lower miniscus
- ( /Potassium permanganate, Iodine soluton) ------
upper meniscus
(calibration
dropper)
A 0.8 mL
1.
2. 20%
3.
A
mL
0.8
mL
4.
23
station station
(Communication)
(Trituration)
>>
Calamine Sulfur
(Levigation)
( levigating agent)
glycerine, mineral
oil slab & spatula
(Pulverization by
interventon)
Camphor, Menthol
geometric dilution
1.
2.
3.
24
(trituration)
1)
2)
3)
4) geometric dilution
5) spatula
spatula
6)
slab spatula (spatulation)
1) slab slab slab
2) slab spatula spatula
spatula
3) levigating agent solvent
smooth paste
4) slab spatula geometric
dilution
(Incorporation)
1)
25
- Emulsifying ointment BP
- Paraffin ointment
- Hydrophobic petrolatum USP
- Petrolatum**
- Cold cream
- PEG base
- Vanishing cream
( base)
3)
26
station Solution
1.
0.5-1 cm
(Plain Filter) 60
(Plaited Filter)
32
2 4 ( )
2. separatory funnel
3. flask
flask
4.
-sprit ------
5. 45
6.
27
1.
1) (direct heat)
(burner) (hot plate)
collar
(air intake) nonluminous flame
(tripod) wire gauze
wire gauze
wire gauze beaker, casserole
2) (water bath)
100 C wax, fat
water bath
wire guaze
( )
2.
100 C
casserole beaker
( order of melting point)
( )
28
1-3 suspension, syrup
( + ) station 6
- Mucilages ; Magmas ; Gels : bentonite, carbopol, MC, suspension, syrup Etc.
- ( )
aa,
mEq
ad
mg
div
ml., mL.
d.t.d, DTD
mmol
DW
mOsm, mOsmol
et
No., #
ft.,Ft.
oz.
ounce = 30 g
fl.oz.
fluid ounce = 30 ml
q.s. ad
g.
Rx
gr.
= 65 ml
Sig
gutt.
tbsp.
= 15 ml
M.
Tsp.
= 5 ml
29
1 kg
= 2.2 lb (pound)
1 pint
2 pint
4 quart
1 gallon
1 grain
1 oz.
1 fl.oz.
=
=
=
=
=
16 fl.oz. = 400 mL
1 quart
1 gallon
3840 mL
65 mg
= 30 g
= 30 mL
1 Metronodazole oral suspension Metronidazole tablet 200 mg
Rx
Metronidazole
Syrup
Purified water q.s. to
100 mg/tsp
15 ml
2 fl.oz.
1. metronidazole 200 mg
Metronidazole
200 mg
=
=
=
=
6
2.
1) 6 syrup
smooth paste
2) syrup ( 2 ) (
draining time )
3)
60 ml
4)
30
2.5 % w/v
1 fl.oz.(1*30 = 30 ml)
1. tetracycline 250 mg
Tetracycline HCl
= (2.5g/100 ml) 30 ml
= 0.75 g
= 750 mg ( !!!!)
250 mg = 750 mg/ 250 mg
= 3
3
2.
1)
3
2) (3/4 30 ml = 22 ml)
3) 30 ml
4) additive
(32 )
Clindamycin gel 1 % w/w Clindamycin injection 300 mg/2 ml
Rx
Clindamycin Phosphate
Carbopol 940
Purified water q.s. ad
1 % w/v
2 % w/v
1 fl.oz.
1. Clindamycin Carbopol
Clindamycin Phosphate
= (1 g/100 mL) 30 mL
= 0.3 g
= 300 mg
Clindamycin injection
= 2 ml = 1 ampule
31
Carbopol
Carbopol
= (2 g/100 mL) 30 mL
= 0.6 g
= 0.6 g
2.
1) gel base 30 Carbopol 0.6 g ( Carbopol
2 )
2) Carbopol
= 30 g - Carbopol 0.6 g
29.4
= 29.4 g
= 22 ml
Carbopol
22 ml 30 ml
2 22 ml Carbopol
30 ml
3) Clindamycin (2 ml)
4) Carbopol Triethanolamine pH
32
4.
= 49.5 ml = 37 ml
5. 37 ml 50 ml
6.
50
ml
7.
alcohol,
stock solution
benzakonium chloride 1:2500
Rx
benzakonium chloride 1:2500
M.Ft. Solution
50 ml
Benzakonium chloride 1% w/v
1. stock solution
1 : 2500 = (1 g/ 2500 ml) 100 = 0.04 %
N 1V 1 = N 2V 2
(0.04% 50 ml) = (1% V 2 ml)
V 2 = 2 ml
2. Benzakonium chloride 1% w/v
10 ml
3.
= 50
= 50 ml 2 ml = 48 ml
= 48 ml = 36 ml
4. 36 ml ( )
5. 50 ml
33
(Mucilages) ,Magmas, Gels polymer
2
- Acacia
- (dispersing agent) glycerin , alcohol
- Bentonite, Sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose,
Carbopol
- Bentonite,Veegum
- Methylcellulose
1 Acacia mucilage
Rx
Acacia
10 g (10% w/v) ()
Purified water to make 100 ml
1. acacia acacia
2.
= 100 -
= 100 ml - 5 ml = 95 ml
= 95 ml = 71.25 ml 72 ml
3. 72 ml acacia acacia
4. acacia mucilage ( )
acacia mucilage 100 ml
34
2 Bentonite magma
Rx
Bentonite
5 % w/w ( )
Purified water to make 100 g
1.
2.
= 100
= 100 ml 5 ml = 95 ml
= 95 ml = 71.25 72 ml
3. 72 ml
4. Bentonite
24 .
5. 100
3 Methylcellulose solution
Rx
Methylcellulose 1500 1 % w/w
Purified water to make 100 ml
Methylcellulose
1. 1/3 30 ml
2. methylcellulose methylcellulose
3. 2/3 60 ml
4.
Allegation method
Allegation method :
%
35
1. ( A)
2. ( B)
3.
( C)
4. 3
Allegation method
0.1%
0.0%
(column A)
(column B)
(column C)
35
40
75
+
31
66
66 ml alcohol 9 % 35 ml
66 ml alcohol 75 % 31 ml
36
/
1-4 ( 2-3 )
1.
2.
( VS VS )
technical term
technical term
37
( )
( )
1.
(wheeze)
3 -4
2.
3.
38
39
4.
5.
6.
//
7.
/
isoniazid/ alcoholism
8.
9.
10.
40
//
review 2545 2555 station
1-2 Station
1. ( )
2.
station
- , HN, ,
/
/ / / ,
30
- ,
, ( ) , , ,
41
regimen 2
------ / / /,
------
/
Cloxacillin /
14 ac
Dicloxacillin 500 mg
Amoxycillin 500 mg
-
- - 1
2
14 pc 22 pc
Amoxycillin+Clavulanate 650
mg, 1000 mg
q 8 hrs
Azithromycin 250 mg
Roxitromycin 150 mg
12 ac
-
- - 1
2
Erythromycin 250 mg
14 ac
-
-
- - 1
2
Norfloxacin 400 mg
12 ac
-
-
-
42
Doxycycline 500 mg
12 pc
-
-
-
Tetracycline 500 mg
12 pc
-
-
-
11 pc
-
-
-
Metronidazole (trichromoniasis)
1000 mg SD
-
Metronidazole ( )
400 mg 13 pc 5 -
200 mg 14 pc 5
NSAIDs
11 pc, 13pc
( )
Sulfa
-
-
( SABA )
1 2 puff prn
( steroid )
1 2 puff OD
- (
)
Simvastatin 10, 20 mg
Metformin 500 , 850 mg
Furosemide 5 mg
HCTZ
11 hs
-
-
11
-
-
43
Drug interaction
Substrate
Inhibitor
Itraconazole,
Ketoconazole
Simvastatin,
Protease
Lovastatin
inhibitor
(CYP 3A4)
Amitriptyline
Fluoxetine/
Sertraline
Inducer
Phynytoin
(CYP 3A4)
metabolism
Itraconazole,
Ketoconazole
Rifampicin
(CYP 3A4)
Rifampicin
Fluconazole
Simvastatin
rhabdomyolysis
Atorvastatin,
Pravastatin
Amitriptyline
Amitriptyline
2-4 weeks
Amitriptyline
fluvoxamine
(CYP 2D6)
Theophylline
Cimetidine
(CYP 1A2)
Theophylline
Ranitidine
Norfloxacin/
Ciprofloxacin
(CYP 1A2)
Theophylline
Levofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Erythromycin
(CYP 1A2)
Erythromycin Amoxycillin
Roxithromycin
Theophylline
all make theophylline inc dose//
44
Substrate
Inhibitor
Wafarin
Cimetidine
Inducer
(CYP 1A2)
Wafarin
bleeding
Norfloxacin/
Ciprofloxacin
(CYP 1A2)
Fluoxetine
(CYP 1A2)
Phenytoin
Cimetidine
(CYP 2C9/19)
Omeprazole
Phenytoin
Ranitidine, Lansoprazole
warfarin
PT INR
(CYP 2C9/19)
S-warfarin
Cabamazepine
(CYP 2C19)
Phenobarbital
(CYP 2C9/19)
Phenytoin
(CYP 2C9)
Rifampicin
(CYP 2C9)
G6PD
Acetanilide
Aceophenetidine (phenaceti)
Amindopyrine (amiopyrine)
Antipyrine
Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine
Mepacrine (quinacrine)
Pamaquine
Aspirin
Phenacetin
Probenicid
Pyramidone
Pentaquine
Primaquine
Quinine
Quinocide
45
Dapsone
Sulfacetamide
Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
Sulfamethoxypyrimidine
Sulfanilamide
Sulfapyridine
Sulfasalazine
Sulfisoxazole
Procainamide
Quinidine
Alpha-methyldopa
Ascobic acid
Dimercapol (BAL)
Hydrazine
Mestranol
Methylene blue
Nalidixic acid
Naphthalene
Niridazole
Phenylhydrazine
Toluidine blue
Trinitrotoluene
Urate oxidase
Vitamin K (water soluble)
Pyridium
46
/
1 3 pc 7
5
( )
( )
-
( )
47
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- (mixtures)
- 1-2
........................
-
- 1
- Antihistamine: Brompheniramine,
- Chlorpheniramine, Dimenhydrinate,Diphenhydramine,
Hydroxyzine, Triprolidine
- Sedative: Alprazolam, Bromazepam,
- Chlordiazepoxide, Clonazepam, Diazepam, Haloperidol,
Lorazepam, Midazolam, Zolpidem
- Antidepressants: Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline,
- Doxepin, Imipramine,
- Anticonvulsants: Carbamazepine, Phenobaebital,
- Primidone
- Analgesic: Methadone, Morphine, Pentazocine
- Atc: Cinnaricine, Disulfuram, Methyldopa,
- Orphenadrine. Pizotifen
48
-
- 2-4 :
Azithromycin, Cefpodoxime, Gabapentin, Itraconazole,
Ketoconazole, Sucralfate
- Enteric coat: Bisacodyl, Diclofenac, Lansoprazole,
- Omeprazole, Sodium valproate, Sulfasalazine,
- /
-
-
- Glucocorticosteroids: cortisone, Dexamethasone,
- Prednisolone
- : Allopurinol, Dapsone
49
- Metamucil,
- : Levodopa
- : Nitrofurantoin
- : Rifampicin, Rifabutin
- : Phenolphthalein
- : Triamterene
- : Ferrous fumarate, Ferrous
Gluconate, Ferrous Sulfate
- : Activated Charcoal
- ,
- Mebendazole, Niclosamide
50
2 1
Paracetamol
8
24 5
6 24
10 1
Ergotamine tartrate
Corticosteroid
Isordil
- Furosemide, HCTZ,
Acyclovir
Amiodarone
Azathiopine
Benzocaine
Betamethasone
Buspirone
Calcitriol
Chlortetracycline HCl
Cisplatin
Clonidine
Benzyl benzoate
Bromocriptine
Calcifediol
Carbamazepine
Cimetidine
Clarithromycin
Colchicine
Allopurinol
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
Azidothymidine
(AZT, Zidovudine)
Betacarotene
Brompheniramine maleate
Calciferol, cholecalciferol
Carbidopa
Ciprofloxacin
Clomiphene
Co-trimoxazole
51
Cromolyn sodium
Diphenhydramine
Ephedrine
Estradiol
Felodipine
Floctafenine
Fluvastatin
Furazolidone
Glyceryl trinitrate
Isoniazid(INH)
Itraconazole
Levodopa
Losartan
Methotrexate(MTX)
Metoprolol
Morphine
Neostigmine
Nifedipine
Nitrofurantoin
Norfloxacin
Orphenadrine citrate
Para-aminosalicylic acid(PAS)
Phenylephrine
Piperazine
Propanolol
Ranitidine
Salbutamol
Tetracycline
Timolol
Vitamin A
Dexamethasone
Disulfiram
Ergotamine
Estrone
Ferrous salts
Fluocinolone acatonide
Folic acid
Furosemide(Frusemide)
Griseofulvin
Isotretinoin
Kanamycin
Leflunomide
Melphalan
Methydopa
Metronidazole
Naphazoline nitrate
Neomycin sulphate
Nimodipine
Nitrofurazone
Nortriptyline
Omeprazole
Pentoxifylline
Phenytoin
Prednisolone
Pyrimethamine
Riboflavine
Sulphonamides
Theophylline
Triamcinolone acetonide
Warfarin
Digitoxin/Digoxin
Doxycycline
Erythromycin
Ethinylestradiol
Finasteride
Fluoxymesterone
Folinic acid(Leucovorin)
Glipizide
Indomethacin
Isosorbide dinitrate
Ketoconazole
Levothyroxine
Methimazole
Metoclopramide
Miconazole nitrate
Naproxen
Nicardipine
Nitrazepam
Norethisterone
Nystatin
Oxyetracycline
Perphenazine
Pilocarpine
Provastatin
Pyridoxine
Rifampicin
Tamoxifen
Thyroxine
Verapamil
52
1-4 ( 2-3 )
(Eye drops)
1 50 (
).
1.
2. Chloramphenicol eye drop
2 4
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. 1
8. ( 30 )
- 1 1
1 1 5
- 2 5 -10
10
-
53
-
-
-
-
-
- 1
-
-
-
(Eye ointment)
1.
2. Terramycin eye ointment
1
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
54
- 2 10
10
-
-
-
-
(Nasal spray)
1.
2.
- Rhinocort 1 puff ( 1 )
- Otrivin 1 puffs
3. ()
4.
( )
5.
6.
7.
8. 2-3
9. ( 2 )
10. 2 1 2
2
11.
-
55
2
-
-
-
(Nasal drops)
1.
2. Oxymetazoline 2
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
()
8. 5
9. ( )
10.
- 3-
5
-
-
(Nasal wash, Nasal douche) (0.9% normal saline)
1.
2. 0.9% Normal saline nasal wash
3. 0.9% Normal saline
4.
56
5 -10 cc
0.5-1 cc
5.
6.
(Metered Dose Inhaler MDI)
1.
2.
3.
3-4 (
)
4.
5.
(
)
3-4 1-2
(
)
6. 1
7. 10
57
8.
9. 1-2
10.
11.
2
2
5
-
-
-
-
2
-
1-4
-
Accuhaler
1.
2. Seretide accuhaler
1 2 -
3.
4. accuhaler
5.
6.
58
7.
( MDI)
8.
9.
10. 10
11.
12.
-
- accuhaler
- accuhaler
- 0
Turbuhaler
1.
2. Budesonide 1
2
3.
4.
5. ( )
( )
6.
( MDI)
7.
8.
59
9. 10
10. 1
11.
12.
-
-
2
-
-
1-4
- 20
(dose)
(Ear drops)
1.
2. Neomycin ear drop
3.
4.
5.
6.
4 4
3-5
7.
8.
2-3
60
(Sublingual tablets)
1.
2. Isosorbide dinitrate 5 mg
3.
4. 1
5. 5
2 3
6.
7. 5-10
(Rectal suppositories)
1.
2. Glycerol suppository 2250 mg
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
61
8. ( 15 ) 15-20
(Rectal enema)
1.
2. Sodium Chloride enema 250 ml
3.
4.
5.
6.
( )
7.
8. 2-3
9. 15-30
(Vaginal suppositories)
1.
2. Clotrimazole 500 mg
3.
4. ( 1-2 )
62
5.
6.
7. 15
(Vaginal suppositories)
1.
2. Clotrimazole 500 mg
3.
4.
5.
-
-
6.
7.
-
-
-
8. 15
63
(Insulin injection)
1.
2.
regular insulin 60
15-30
3.
4.
5. ()
6. (syringe)( syringe
insulin )
7.
8.
9.
1.
2.
() ( )
3.
4.
5. ()
64
65
6. (syringe)
7. (syringe)
8.
9. (syringe)
1.
2.
45-90
3.
4.
-
- 1
-
(Insulin pen)
1.
2. Mixtard 30 HM Penfill
15 unit 30
3.
4.
5.
6. 10
7.
8.
9.
10.
66
(Pregnancy test)
1.
2. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
1
3. ( )
-
:
30? 10-15
30 (
) 1-5
:
3
1-5
- : 1 5
4.
- 1 C
- 2 C T
- 1 T
(Nicotine gum)
1.
2. 2 mg
3.
4. ( )
67
5. ( 1
)
6. 30
7.
- 15
- (heart burn)
-
< 25 / 2 mg 30 /
> 25 / 4 mg 15 /
(Nicotine patch)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. 10
8. 24
16
9.
10.
11.
12.
< 20 / 20 cm 2 1 6-8
10 cm 2 1 3-4
68
> 20 / 30 cm 2 1 3-4
20 cm 2 1 3-4 10 cm 2 1 3-4
Nitroglycerin
1.
2. Nitroglycerin
3.
4.
5.
6. 10
7. 12-14
Nitrate free interval time 12
8.
9.
10.
(Powder for reconstitution)
(Dry syrup)
1
1.
2. Amoxicillin
2.5 ml 3
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
69
8. 7 2
9. 2
2/3
2
7
8.
(Oral rehydration salt)
1.
2. ORS
-
3. 250, 750 ml 1
4. 24
70
Cholestylamine
1.
2. Cholestylamine 3
3. 1 60-90 ml
4.
5.
6. 3
(Syringe)
1.
2. (household measurement)
3.
4.
5.
(Oral contraceptive tablets)
21
1 21 1
( 1) 5
( ) 7 2 -4
7
71
28
1 21 7
combined pills
1.
2. ethinylestradiol 30-35 g 1 2 ( 1
2 ) ethinylestradiol 20 g ( 1 )
1
2 ( ethinylestradiol 30-35 g)
-
-
- 2
3. ethinylestradiol 30-35 g 3 ( 3
) ethinylestradiol 20 g 2 ( 2 )
72
7
- 1 ( 1-7)
- 3 ( 15-21)
7 ( )
( 28 )
1.
1
73
4.
5.
2 -3
: Levonorgestrel 750 mcg/tablets (Madonna, Postinor)
Levonorgestrel 750 mcg 2 12
72
1 12 4 (2
)
Levonorgestrel 750 mcg
72-120
( 2
1 )
74
0-2 ( 1 )
1.
2.
Digoxin
digoxin ... / ...(
)
digoxin ..... g ..... ..... (
)
( 12 )
12
2
( )
digoxin 2
digoxin
75
Phenytoin (Dilantin )
phenytoin .....
.....( )
phenytoin .....mg ..... ..... (
)
phenytoin
phenytoin
phenytoin
phenytoin
76
phenytoin
Theophylline
Theophylline ..... .....(
)
theophylline .....mg ..... ..... (
)
2 (shortness of breath)
theophylline
( )
theophylline
77
Warfarin
warfarin .....
( )
warfarin .....mg ..... .....
( )
12
2
Warfarin
Warfarin
Warfarin
Warfarin
78
Methotrexate
Methotrexate .....
..... ( )
Methotrexate ..... / ..... (
)
1
( 12 ) 12 .
1
2
:
:
-
:
-
( ) (
HIV) Methotrexate
79
Methotrexate
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamide ..... ..... (
)
12 12
2
/
Cyclophosphamide
80
10
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamide
Isoniazid
Isoniazid
Isoniazid ..... .. ( )
2 (
)
6
81
Isoniazid 1
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Rifampin ..... .....( )
Rifampin ..... .. ( )
1 2 (
)
( )
Rifampin
Rifampin
82
Rifampin
Rifampin
Rifampin
Rifampin
Rifampin
Pyrazinamide
Pyrazinamide
Pyrazinamide ..... ..... ( )
Pyrazinamide
83
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Ethambutol
Ethambutol .. .. (
)
12 12
2
Ethambutol
2
ethambutol
Ethambutol
84
Maculopapular rash, Urticaria ( )
Steven-Johnson syndrome 3
1.
( )
2.
Maculopapular rash
Urticaria ( )
85
86
3. Possible ()
(1)
(2)
(3)
4. Unlikely ( )
(1)
(2)
: 4 certain
Certain 4
Probable 3
Possible 2
Unlikely
87
Naranjos algorithm
1.
+1
2.
+2
-1
3.
( specific
antagonist)
+1
4.
+2
-1
5.
( )
-1
+2
6.
-1
+1
7. (
)
+1
8.
+1
9.
+1
10.
+1
9
5-8
1-4
0
Definite
Probable
Possible
Doubtful
()
88
1 2
1. lab +
2. ( ) + lab+
Lipid profile
- LDL, lab ( goal )
- LDL; mg/dL, mg% ( TG < 400 mg/dL)
Lab
Goal
< 200
Triglyceride (TG)
< 150
< 50
HDL
40-59
LDL CHD
Risk
LDL goal
< 100
Risk factor 2
< 130
< 160
89
Risk factors
Risk factor
55
45
+1
CHD
( (
) CHD
) CHD
55 65
+1
+1
+1
HDL
< 40mg/dL
+1
60mg/dL
-1
90
( )
(aerobic exercise) 30 3
- -
- (
stage )
- HCTZ Enalapril
SBP
Optimal
<120
Prehypertension
120-139
Stage 1 Hypertension
140-159
Stage 2 Hypertension
160
DBP
and
<80
80-89
or
+20
90-99
100 +10
91
Goal (mmHg)
Pt.
<140/90
<130/80
Pt. Protienuria
<125/75
/
(
)
(aerobic exercise) 30 3
92
- FBS Hb A1C
lab
FBS 8
Hb A1C Hemoglobin ( ) 3
FBS Hb A1C
diagnosis DM
Goal
126
70-130
Hb A1C
6.5%
< 7%
93
-
-
-
(aerobic exercise) 30 3
Thyroid function
- lab
Thyroid disorders
TT 4 & TT 3
TSH
Hyperthyrodism
Hypothyrodism
1. Hyperthyrodism
94
Graves disease ( )
(
)
Amiodarone (
)
Atrail fibrillation, Hypothyrodism, (Congestive heart failure), ,
2. Hypothyrodism
Hypometabolism
( )
( )
Hasimotos thyroid
Lithium (Lithium Thyroid hormone ),
Amiodarone
*** Amiodarone Hyperthyrodism Hypothyrodism ***
95
Hematorogy
- lab
Lab
96
97
Lab
0-35
0-35
30-120
0-1.4
0-0.30
( )
98
(Hepatitis B virus)
-
Lab
AST ALT
HBsAg ( + )
AntiHBs Ag (+)
HBeAg ( + ) ( / )
AntiHBe Ag (+) /
HBV DNA ( + )
HBsAg ( + ) + AntiHBs Ag (+) = +
HBsAg ( - ) + AntiHBs Ag (+) =
AntiHBe Ag (+) + AntiHBs Ag (+) =
Acute ( 6 )
-
- ALT (ALT > 2.5 upper limit )
Chronic ( 6 )
- 6
- AST > ALT
- HBeAg ( + ) = Active ( / )
HBeAg ( - ) = Persistance
Carrier
-
- normal AST & ALT
****
99
- HBeAg ( + ) = Asymtomatic ( )
HBeAg ( - ) = Active ( )
( ) (
)
Paracetamol, Isoniazid, Erythromycin
100
1 3 station
Key word
Drug information handbook ,
MIMs , Drug interaction facts
AHFS Drug Information
/
index
Availability & Indentification USA
Drug information
-
MIMS Annual
Use
Dosage & administration
Caution
Pregnancy & lactation
Pharmacology
Mechanism of action
Pharmacokinetic
Chemistry & stability
Indication
Storage
Presentation
Action
- Pharmacology
- Pharmacokinetic
101
Uses/Unlabeled use
Pregnancy
Medical safety issues
Warning/precaution
Restrictions
Lactation
Contraindication
Adverse reaction
Overdose/Toxicity
Stability
Pharmacokinetic
Administration
Reference range
Drug interaction
Mechanism of action
Dosage
Dosage form
Monitoring parameter
- Test interaction
- Extemporaneous prep.
Drug fact & comparison
- Additional information
- Appendix table of contents
index
- Information
- Indications
-
- Adverse reactions
- Overdosage
- Patient information
102
Handbook on
index
Injectable Drug
- Products (size, strength, volume, form)
- Administration
- Stability
- Compatibility & additional Information ( )
(Solution, Additive, Drug in syringe, Y-site)
-
Significance 1-5
Onset ,Severity, Documentation
Effects
Mechanism
- Management
- Discussion
Drug in pregnancy &
lactation
index
- Fatal risk summary & recommendation
- Breast feeding summary & recommendation
103
MIMS Thailand
/
index trade names & generic name
- manufacturer
- Content (C)
- Dosage (D)
- Contraindication (CI)
- Adverse reaction (AR)
- Presentation/price (P/P)
- Poison classification
Distributor
Indication (I)
Administration of oral drugs (A)
Special precaution (SP)
- P2 = 2
- P3&P4 = 3&4
- N3 = 3
- S =
- D =
- NDD =
- E D = exteranal
a pathophysiologic approach index
Pharmacotherapy :
-
-
Remington
index
- -
-
-
-
104
Merck index
/
index 2 name index formula index
index A-Z 0-9
-
-
-
-
-
-
- therapeutic category, antidote
Martindale
index
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Interaction Pharmacokinetic
-
-
-
105
British pharmacopoeia (BP)
/
(BP 1993, 1998, 2001) 2 Volume
- Appendix Vol.2
- Content of appendix A3 Vol.2
BP 2011 6 Volume
- Vol.1& 2 --> Medicinal substance -->
- Vol.3 --> tablets, suspensions
- Vol. 4 --> Blood Product, Immune, Radiopharmacy
etc.
- Vol.5 --> Appendix and index
- Vol.6 -->
Appendices BP General Chapter
USP
monograph Appendix IIIA
2.2.27
Appendix
- 2.2.27 European Pharmacopoiea Appendix
BP
- monograph 2.2.27
Appendices 2.2.27 App. IIIA
App.IIIA A122 Thin-Layer
Chromatography
106
Formulary (USP)
Volume
- Volume 1 --> General Chapter (
<xxx>) <621> Chromatography
Page 29 Vol.1 <621>
Vol.1 monograph
Excipients, Dietary Supplements **
Vol.1
- Volume 2 -->Monograph A-L (USP 30/2007)
A-I (USP 34/2011)
- Volume 3 -->Monograph M-Z(USP 30/2007)
J-Z (USP 34/2011)
-
107
1 2
1. mL + + ( Paracetamol
drop 60 mg/0.6 ml 15 ml Paracetamol syrup 125 mg/5 ml 60 ml) +
2. mL + +
review regimen regimen
Paracetamol (10-15 mg/kg/dose)
10 kg Amoxicillin 125
mg/5ml 60 ml
Rx
Paracetamol
10-15 mg/kg/dose
CPM
Ibuprofen
Analgesic
Antipyretic
Otitis media
GAS pharyngitis
Amoxicillin
Sinusitis;
: 40-50 mg divided 2-3 dose 10-14 days
High risk
: 80-90 mg divided 2-3 dose 10-14 days
( ATB 1-3 / nursery)
108
Body Mass Index (BMI)
( : kg/m 2)
BMI (kg/m 2)
18.5-22.9
23
25
2. Nomogram
( : m 2)
109
( : kg)
( : kg)
( : mL/min, L/hr)
0.85
( : mL/min, L/hr)
110
1. Osmol:
Osmol = molar x ion
2. drip, drop
1 ml = 60 microdrop
3. % Labeled amout
% Labeled amout = ( / ) x 100
4. Molarity, Normality
Eq. wt = MW / Valency
Mole = g/MW
Molarity = (g/MW) /L
N = M x valency
1
Rx
Boric acid
1.24
Sodium borate
0.02
Sodium chloride
0.29
Water qs.
100
NaCl mOsmol/L ( NaCl MW = 58)
100 ml
1000 ml
g
g
g
ml
NaCl = 0.29 g
NaCl = 2.9 g
= 2.9/58 = 0.05 mol
= 50 mmol
mOsmol
= mmol x ion
= 50 x 2 = 100 mOsmol
111
2
Dopamine (1:1) 5 mcg/kg/min 60 kg microdrop / min
Dopamine 5 mcg/kg/min
60 kg ;
5 x 60 = 300 mcg/min
= 300/1000 mg/min ----------------- > mcg mg
= 0.3 mg/min
= 0.3 ml/min ------------------------ > Dopamine 1 mg : 1 ml
= 0.3 x 60 microdrop / min --------> 1 ml = 60 microdrop
= 18 microdrop / min
3
Dopamine (2:1) rate 5 microdrop/min 50 kg dopamine
mcg/kg/min
Dopamine 5 microdrop/min =
= 3.33 mcg/kg/min
4
% label amount 5 95.68, 97.42, 99.16, 105.42
101.68 mg 100 mg active ingredient/tab
% label amount 95.0-105.0 %
% Labeled amout
% Label amount
= ( / ) x 100
= (95.68 + 97.42 + 99.16 + 105.42 + 101.68)/5
( 5 )
= 99.87 mg
112
5
1
Sodium chloride
Trisodium citrate dehydrate
Potassium chloride
Glucose anhydrous
1 L
2.9 g
2.9 g
1.5 g
13.5 g
2.9 g
2.9 g
=
=
=
=
=
2900 mg
2900/58
50 x 1
2900 mg
2900/290
= 10 x 3
sodium 50 + 30 = 80 mEq/L
= 50 mmol
= 50 mEq
= 10 mmol
N = M x valency
Eq = mol x valency
= 30 mEq
113
1.
Displacement Value = g Theobroma oil 1 g
2. (Tonicity adjustment)
E = g NaCl 1 g
3. Required HLB
1
10
Rx
Aspirin
300 mg
PEG base
q.s.
displacement value aspirin = 1.5
1 = 2.2 g
Aspirin
Aspirin
PEG base
PEG base
1.5 g
0.3 x 10 g
1
10
1 g
(1 x 0.3 x 10)/1.5 = 2 g
2.2 g
2.2 x 10 = 22 g
22 2 = 20 g
2
sodium chloride gentamicin 1
mg/mL 50 mL isotonic
E gentamicin 0.3 E NaCl 1
114
= NaCl 0.015 g
= ( 0.9/100) x 50 = 0.45 g
HLB
Mineral oil
Wool fat
Stearyl alcohol
Tween 80
30%
2%
1.5%
33.5%
12
10
14
15.0
30/33.5 = 0.896
2/33.5 = 0.060
1.5/33.5 = 0.045
HLB
0.896 x 12 = 10.75
0.060 x 10 = 0.597
0.045 x 14 = 0.627
required HLB = 11.974
7.7
12
Span 80
4.3
3.0
10.7 10
= 2.8 g
115
..2510
Station 3
1. (
) Station
1
2. 5 1 -5
3. Station
Station
55 Pseudoephedrine Codeine
.. 2510
.
4
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
116
1
2
12
13 12
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(1) (5)
14
(8)
(9) 38 39 40 40 41 42 43
44
(9)
15
117
( 31
.. )
3
19
(1)
/ ...
4
38 20
(1) 79..........(
)
(5) 25(6).........( )
39 21
(1) 26 (2) (3)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
26 (5)
( )
26 (4)
(6)
(7) ()
(8)
118
45
*** ...
***
5
6
7
5 - 7 2 - 4
8
72
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
.... Kamagra (Sidenafil )
...
Sibutamine
(6)
(4)
73
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
79
119
74
(1)
79
73(5)
(2)
79
86
75
(1)
(2) ()
74
75
9
76
10
79
79 79
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
120
80 79
11
88
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
7
(5) (6) (1) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8)
88
(1)
(2)
12
91
(1)
(2)
13
95
121
14
109 38 39 40 40
41 42 43 44
110 45
117 72 (1)
73 (2) (3) (4) 72 (1)
119 72
(1)
122
72 (4)
122 75
124 88 88 89 90
Asafetida 20 %w/v
15, 30 60 ml
ORS
1 250 ml
122
Glycerin suppository 91%
1.5 g
2.55 g
Sennosides
Sennoside B 7.5 mg
4 10
10 20 ml
Mebendazole 100 mg
Paracetamol 500 mg
4 10
Paracetamol 325 mg
4 10
30 60 ml
Chlorpheniramine maleate 2 mg
4 10
60 ml
Dimenhydrinate 50 mg
15 30 ml
15 30 ml
15 30 ml
30 ml
30 ml
500 ml
30 60 ml
5 g 15 g
4 10
4 10
4 10
4 10 Cap
A D
123
Anti-neoplastic
HCTZ 50 mg 4 10
Antimalarial
NSAIDs
Antihelmintic :
CPM 2 mg 4 20
- Albendazole 200 mg
General Anesthetic
Aminophylene 100 4
Fluoxetine
Corticosteroid
Manoxidil
Clofibrate
Amitriptyline
Chlorampinical
Mebendazole 100 mg 6
Mebendazole 500 mg 1
Steroid
Dextromethophan HBr 15 mg
Erythropoietin
Dimenhydrinate 50 mg
Cafergot
Gancyclovir
4 10
Ambroxal HCl 30 mg
Barbiturate
Steroid
Valproic acid
mucolic ???
Retinoids
Tramadol
Clozapine
Amoxycillin
Sidenafil
Phenylephene 10 mg +
Paracetamol 325 mg + CPM
Azethromycin
Cisapride
Norfloxacin
Misoprostol
Bromphenniramine 4 mg
Finesteride
Lamivudine Hepatitis B
Oseltamivir
Aspirin 81 mg
Antipsychotic drugts
Haloperidol
Nimesulide ( NSAIDs)
124
..2518
4
1
2
13 1
125
13 2
2
6 (4 )
15 13
(1) 2
(2) 2
(3) 2
(4) 2
14
16 3 4
17 16
(1) 3 4
(2) 3 4
(3) 3 4
(4) 3 4
126
(5) 3 4
16
3
3 4
/
4
33 3 4
(1)
(5)
34 3 4
(1) 28 (2)
(3)
(5)
(7)
(8) (5)
(9)
5
36
(1)
127
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
37, 38, 39
6
40 3 4
41 40
7
48
(1)
(2)
8
49
9
53
128
4
1. 1 :
1
Cathinone
Mescaline analog
4-methylaminorex
DET
Escaline
Parahexyl
DMHP
Isoproscaline
Proscaline
PCE
DMT
Etryptamine
GHB (Gamma-hydroxybutyrate)
Methcathinone
Mescaline
Mescaline derivatives
PHP(PCPY)
4-Thiomescaline 4-TM
4-Thioescaline 4-TE
4-Thioproscaline 4-TP
3-Thiomescaline 3-TM
Psilocine
Psilocybine
TCP
Tetrahydrocannabinol
3-Thioescaline 3-TE
3-Thiometaescaline 3-TME
2. 2 :
2
Amfepramone
Flunitrazepam
Nimetazepam
Secobarbital
(diethylpropion)
Flurazepam
* Nitrazepam
Temazepam
Amineptine
Haloxazolam
Pemoline
Triazolam
Aminorex
* Ketamine ()
Phenylpropanolamine
Zaleplon
Butorphanol
Loprazolam
* Phencyclidine
Zipeprol
Brotizolam
Lormetazepam
Phendimetrazine
Zolpidem
Cathine
Mazindol
Phenmetrazine
Zopiclone
* Ephedrine
Methylphenidate
* Phentermine
Buprenorphine
Estazolam
Mesocarb
Pipradrol
Fencamfamin
* Midazolam
Pseudoephedrine
Fenethylline
N-Ethylamphetamine
Quazepam
129
3. 3 :
3
Amobarbital
Glutethimide
Meprobamate
Butalbital
Pentazocine
Cyclobarbital
Pentobarbital
4. 4 :
4
Inorganic bromide (
Clorazepate
Allobarbital
2 ?
Lithium bromide
Potassium bromide
Pinazepam
* Alprazolam
Clortermine
Ketazolam
Prazepam
Barbital
Clotiazepam
Lorazepam
Propylhexedrine
Benzphetamine
Cloxazolam
Medazepam
Pyrovalerone
Bromazepam
Diazepam
Mefenorex
Secbutabarbital
Butobarbital
Delorazepam
Methyprylon
SPA
Camazepam
Ethchlorvynol
Methylphenobarbital
Tetrazepam
Ethinamate
Nordazepam
Tofisopam
Chlordiazepoxide
Ethyl loflazepate
Oxazepam
Vinylbital
Chlorphentermine
Fenproporex
Oxazolam
Clobazam
Fludiazepam
Perlapine
Clonazepam
Halazepam
Phenobarbital
130
..2522
4
1
2
15
1
16 2
17 2
20
3
(1) 3
(2) 3
131
26
4 5
3
/ ...
4
36 3
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
3 29 (3)
3 31
(5)
37 3
(1) 3 31 (2)
(2) 31 (3)
(3)
(4)
5 3
3 9 3
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
40
41
42
43
(5) 46
40, 41, 42 3
132
6 3
43 3
7
48
(1) 2 3
(2) 2 3 4
2 3 4
8
49
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
133
9
52
10
57 1 5
58 2
17
11
12
70 3 20
71
3 20 20
3 20
82 3
19 (1)
83 3 39 (1)
84 3
3 39 (2) (3)
85 3
3 39 (2) (3)
134
5
1. 1
1
*MDMA (
*Amphetamine
*Methamphetamine
Ectasy Adam)
( )
()
*MDA ( )
*Heroin
Etorphine
PMA
Thiofentanyl
Desomorphine
Dexamphetamine
Dihydroetophine
2. 2
2
*Opium
*Medicinal Opium
( )
*Cocaine
*Fentanyl
*Dextropropoxyphene
*Morphine
*Pethidine
ROPECT
*Coca bush
*Codeine
*Methadone
*Diphenoxylate
Trimepridine
8 (1)
(Medicinal Opium)
3. 3 2
3
1. codeine
60
2. codeine phosphate
3. dextropropoxyphene
4. dihydrocodeine tartrate
5. diphenoxylate
lomotil
6. 60
135
4. 4 1 2 ( ergot alkaloid
cafergot
)
acid acid
4
*Acetic Anhydride
*Acetyl Chloride
*Lysergic Acid
Safrole
Piperonal
Phenylacetic Acid
*Ergotamine
*Ergometrine
Ethylidine Diacetate
Chlorpseudoephedrine
5. 5 1 4
3
1. (Cannabis) ( Cannabis sativa L. Cannabis
indica Auth)
136
..2537
5
28
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
29
30
137
31
33
44 28
45
44 50
46
138
..2538
2 3(4) () ..253 7
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
139
10
11
12
13
14
3
15
(1)
(2)
(3)
16
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
17
16
140
18
17
19
4
20
21
22
5
23
24
25
6
26
27
28
141
29
30
31
142
1.
2.
3.
4.
Rx 27
Rx 28
Rx 28
Rx 28
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pharmaceutical Care
Pharmaceutical Care
077
131
2002
2020
5.
6.
7.
8.
Rx 28
Rx 29
Rx 29
Rx 29
Pharmaceutical Care
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pharmaceutical Sciences
2031
008
009
011
9.
10.
11.
12.
Rx 29
Rx 29
Rx 29
Rx 29
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pharmaceutical Sciences
019
024
026
055
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Rx 29
Rx 29
Rx 29
Rx 29
Rx 29
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pharmaceutical Sciences
070
073
075
081
090
18.
19.
20.
21.
Rx 29
Rx 29
Rx 29
Rx 29
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pharmaceutical Sciences
098
099
109
117
22.
23.
24.
Rx 29
Rx 29
Rx 29
143
144