Y0if;jrefrmpmpepfudkoHk; uGefysLwmay:wGif

jrefrmpmdkufenf;

0if;jrefrmpmvHk;pepfrsm;\ dkufenf;dkuf[efrSm ,cif trsm;oHk;aeustwdkif; t&ifvm? t&ifdkufonfh

pepfudk jrefrmvufESdyfpufESifh teD;pyfqHk; wDxGifxm;onfh twdkif;om jzpfygonf/ &&pfrSeforQudk
tu&m\ a&SUwGif kduf&NyD; usef Asnf;wGJ rSeforQudk tu&m\ aemufwGif kduf&ygonf/
tajccHpmdkufenf;
tajccHtm;jzifh Oyrm ]jrefrmvlrsKd;} qdkwmudk atmufygtwdkif; dkuf&ygw,f/

j- + r + e + -f
r+m
v + -l
r + -s + -K + -d + ;

= jref
= rm
= vl
= rsdK;

tjcm;tu&mrsm;kdufenf;rsm;udk xyfrHSif;jyvdkygonf/
(1) &&pf-&SpfrsdK;
tu&m jM-NB -- ><-`~-j
M
N
B
>
<
`
~
cvkwf &&pf tao;onf wpf0dkif;wnf;wGif tajccHaom c?i?y?z?A?r ponfh tu&mrsm;twGuf
jzpfNyD;

j-

jcif? jiKyf? jy? jzifh? jAnf;? jr

Mcif MiKyf

&&pf tBuD;onf ESpf0dkif;ay:wGif tajccHaom u?w?o ponfh tu&mrsm;twGuf

jzpfygonf/

B-
Oyrm

M--

N-+y+-K+-d =NydK
B--+u+-J =BuJ
a+` +r+ G =a>r

Mum Bwd*H OMo

jum Nwd*H jqm
j-+y+-D =NyD
B--+u+- =Bu
a+<-- +u =a<u

rSwfcsuf- ]&&pf (ajcaxmufwdk)} rsm;udkvnf; oifhawmfovdk toHk;jyK&rnf jzpfygonf/

ajE
Mo
Oyrm- a`E ~o
(2) ,yifhf- ig;rsdK;

]],yifh(dk;dk;)}} udk omreftwdkif;yif toHk;jyKdkufESdyfygonf/

u+-s+m+;=usm;
Oyrm y+-s+m+;=ysm;
]],yifh?[xdk;}} udk oD;oefY pmvHk;wpfvHk;wnf;jzifh dkufESdyf&ygonf/
r+-s+-S=rsS
Oyrm r+-Q=rQ

s=rQ

r+-S+-

]],yifh?[xdk;?0qGJ}} udkvnf; oD;oefYpmvHk; wpfvHk;wnf;jzifh dkufESdyf&ygonf/

a+u +-s+-G+;=ausG;
Oyrm a+u+-R+;=auR;

u+-+-=u

(3) [xdk;- ESpfrsdK;

[xdk;tao; [xdk;tBuD; -

u+-s+-=us

jrifY nd
rS
vS

(4) [xdk;? wpfacsmif;iif

r+-I=rI
v+-T=vT

(5) atmufujrpf-oHk;rsdK;
tu&m - -h
cvkwf - h

jrSifY ndS
r
v

r+-S+-k=rSk
v+-G+-S=vGS
-Y

-U

r+-S+-L+;=rSL;

tu&mwpfvHk;wnf;wGif atmufuNrpfudk oHk;aomtcg ]]-h}} h

jzifhdkufESdyfaomatmufujrpfudk oHk;&efjzpfygonf/
tHh yHh arh
Oyrm-
atmufyguJhodkYtu&mrsm;wGifatmufuNrpfudkoHk;aomtcg ]]-Y}} Y jzifYkdufESdyfaom
atmufujrpf udkoHk;&efJjzpfygonf/ ]] Y}} jzifhdkufESdyfaom tjrpfrSm tenf;i,f
nmbufodkY a&mufae ygonf/
ydkY wdkY
Oyrm-

ydkh

wdkh

]]-U} U jzifhdkufESdyfaom atmufujrpfrSm nmbuf ta&mufqHk;jzpfNyD; atmufyg

pmvHk;rsm;twGuf dkufESdyf&ef toHk;jyK&ygonf/
Oyrm - ysdKU NrdKU

ysdKh

NrdKh

(6) ei,f
]]ei,f}} tu&monf ajcqif; tu&mrsm; yg0ifvmygu ajcaxmufwdkaom ei,fudk
toHk;jyK&ef jrefrmpmtzGJU OD;pD;XmerS owfrSwfxm;onf[k od&Sd&ygonf/
ESifh Ek aES; EGm; aET;
Oyrm-

eSifh ek

aeS; eGm; aeT;

(7) &aumuff
]]&aumuf}} ESpfrsdK; xm;&Sd&m? ]]wpfacsmif;iif}} ygvmvQif ajcaxmufwdkaom &aumufudk
dkuf&ygrnf/ ][xdk;} odkYr[kwf ]0qGJ} ygvmvQif ajcaxmuf&Snfaom ]&aumuf} udkom
oHk;oifhygonf/
dk; kyf a&T &Sm
Oyrm -

&dk;

&kyf aT Sm

(8) tjcm; wpfwGJwnf; kdufESdyf&rnfh o& tu&mrsm;

o+-d+*+-=od*
wm0+w+-=wm0w
p+B--+u+-=pBu

o+-d+*+-F+-D=od*FD
wm0+w+-d+-H=wm0wdH
p+B--+u+-F+-H=pBuFH

(9) ygXfqifhrsm;
u =u

Ctrl + Alt + u

Ctrl + Alt + z

=z

--
= -
= -
=

Shift + z = Z
Ctrl + Alt +Shift + z
tao;pdwfudk keyboard Layout wGifMunfUIEdkifygonf/

(10) ]]nav;}} tu&mudk kdkuf&mwGif tcsdKUae&mrsm; ajcaxmufSnfaom ]} tpm; ] O} udk

rkdufrdap&ef
owdxm;&ygrnf/
OmPf
Oyrm - Pf
(11) ]]X0rf;bJ(X)}}tu&monf ]]V}} ESifYqifwlrSm;wwfMuygonf/ ]V} rSm ]#} ESifY ]X} ygOfqifY
qifhxm;aom tu&m jzpfaMumif; owdjyKapvdkygonf/
Oyrm Ou| (Ouf u#f X)

OuV

OuX

(12) jrefrmpepf tm;vHk;twGuf ta&;BuD;onfrSm word-wrapping aumif;rGefap&eftwGuf

jrefrmpmvHk;wpfck one word jcm;wdkif; jcm;wdkif;? Space Bar udkkdufay;&efESifY jrefrmtu&mwpfck
letter omjcm;onfUae&mwGif Space Bar udkrkdufrdap&efowdjyKrdapvdkygonf/ Oyrm -

jynfaxmifpk
[kkduf&rnfjzpfNyD;

(space)

jrefrm

(space)

EdkifiHawmf (space)

one

 jynf (space) axmif (space) pk [lvnf;aumif;? odkYr[kwf

jy (space) nf (space) a (space) xm (space) if (space) pk
[lvnf;aumif;
rdkufoifhyg/ kdufrdygu]] jy}}onf pmwpfaMumif;\ aemufqHk;wGifa&mufaeNyD; ]]nf}} onf
aemufpmaMumif;\ tpwGifa&mufaeonfh tajctaersdK;odkUa&mufSdoGm;wwfygonf/