+{ eekjT+

Contract Farming
sT d++> |+&+# |<T\ ss{ s+>+
* | +{ eekj T + ne T +~. eTT+<
ssTT+#Tq <s, HD, $ds+, deTjT+ +<T
eTTKb bwksTT. |< eekjT\T
|+&T, |PTyH ssTT+#Tq, HD, <s\
q deTjT+ y*q+ ~>T& ds|s #jT&yT
B <X+.

|< <s n+<Te#T.

1950, 1960 \ n_e~ #+~q <X\ +{

eekjT |< neT\T #jT&+~. nyT] 1980
b+ <<| eT&=+T\T ueTT\T +{
| < k> T # j T & T +~. eekj T nqT+<
s + > q | ] X e T, b\ | ] X e T, = s \
Ls>jT\T q{ qsT X+ +{ |<
&sTT.

<V<|&sTT.

n< $<+> eekjT\ $\TeqT C&+

neTTH y] (bddsY) y] |]XeT keTs
qT> y*q+ eTT&dsT, ssTT+q <s
rdT HDyTq eTT& dsT q #f |]XeT
k|+#Te&+ <s sq, bq KsT* Z+#Te#T.
< s eT+ n~ u \T b+< e # T .
+{ eekj T + eT& T s \T> n+<T eekjT, eekjTs b~ neX\T
#|e#T. yTTyTT<{ |< neT&+, =q&+ +{ yTsT>esTT. s+> >MTD_e~ m+
usk\T eyT +{ rdT&q$. b +{ |j>|&TT+~.
|< = eTT&dsT\ e+ n+<#d eTT+<
+{ eekjT+ |yT TTD ks+
ssTT+q <s eekj rdTe&+. yTT+ +&<T, u+\T e+{ d+d\T eTT& dsT\,
(|P]) +{ |< sT H\, L e+ e> =qT>\T, neT, HD |+#&,
$T*q eTT& dsT\ +{ rdTH ys ds|s |]X<q, = $wsD\T +{ y{ TTDks+
#d T\ ssTT+q <s =qT>\T #ksT. * ks TT. { # es $ >MTD_e ~
=ksT +{ eekjT+ e\q |uT #=se
s+>+ >TZT+< <s |yT |T&T\ e\q
+|\ >T~|+ |sT>TT+<q y<q +~.
n< $<+> B <s |sT>T<\
|eD+y= > +|\ ~|+ e\q <s\T
|sT>TsTT. s+> ~ es{ d+u <]
rdT+<H y<q +~. n< $<+> |L\ yesD
|]dT\T, + nH $wj\T B+ eTT&|& HsTT.
=ks T $ Hj T | s y T q , # | s y T q \T
|e#T. n+<T # es +{\T H{
e <s sT>TsTT. eTTK+> =qT>\T <sT&
nqT L \+> $ +{sTT. n< $< + > =ks T
+|\T HD Z+< eTTqT+<T u$wT eT
+{\ L& =+<sT sT* =\+#e#T. =qT>\T
d+d\T |< sT\| <s|&e#T. n< $<+> |<
sT\T M{|H <s|& neX+ +~. n+<Te\ q
sT\T nd+ e#T.

n_e~ #+<TTq <X\ 1970, 1980 \

|< |yX |&+~. n|{ Xg, k+ n_e~,
= es{+> |<T\T, HDyTq T &e+&
#jT&+ =+ es +{ eekjT+ y| yTT>TZ
#|+< #|e#T.

sT\T, bddsY (T\T jsT #dysT),

&dsY (ds|s<sT\T) $$< sD\ e\q
+{ eekj bV+#e#T. +{
eekjT |< sT eTT& dsT\T n+<&+, q
eekj n_e~ |sT#Te& neX+ +&&yT
, u$wT <s V#T >TZ\TH ssTT+q
<s edT+<q usk +&&+ sT u<jT+.
|+\ $wjT+ +{ |]$T eT&
n+<T = Xg k+ |<T\T, = s\T, eT+ eTTd es sTesZ\T eT< |=H+<T <T.
~>T& # e+>&\T, + s eTT& dsT\T n< $<+ > L\ u $T s T \ +{ b]+>
48

e]+#be#T. |< sT\ $wjT+ |b+ #| (|.@.m|t.d) $q +|\T, +{> @s& HsTT.
<sD +&e#T. |+Cu || +| 10 ms\ B |.@.m|t.d. +|\, sT\ eT< nqTd+<q
|&q sT\H +{ |+<+ #dT+~.
s> eeV]dT+~.
e>+> sT d# +&<T. <sT\
{ e \ \+ +< | < X , $ T H & T e+{
d+|\ eyT sj\T neT\T #d n~s+ sc\ >]H (V_& <djT) +{ eekjT+
+T+~. +{ eekjT+ e\q dV eqsT\ #dq|&T <<| eT&TsT n~+> u+ b+~qT
$#D sV+> $j+ uks HXq+ #d \Tk+~.
neX+ +~. +{ d+d\T n~ u#
|+Cu, VsH, >TsY, eTVsw, s,
|+\ y| yTT>TZ #| Vs |+\qT Z+#&+
eT V s =s @s & e # T . k+| T +< \ $TH&T e+{ scH +|\T +{ b]+>
$wjT+q, d |sTw\ H|D\ eT< se\T #dTHsTT. ;VsY, Cs+&, #rdt|TsY, ]k, |eT
Xq
u s
sc \ T,
eekjT yD+ |eTTK b bw+ ndeq\ u + > ,

s
+#

,
V

e#

|
<

,
eTTosY
e+{
<] rjTe#T.
sc\ q, dqsT sTe nsTTH sc\
us<X+ d# yDC \T|\T ]#, +{ eekjT+ neT\T ef<T.
|uT+ eekj es{ $T{ (m|myTd)
++>
#{ 2003 de]+ +{ eekj #<+ +{ eekj deTse
#d 9e |+#es |D[ qT+& n_e~ #dTHsT. nsTT neT\T #j\+f
us< X + eT&T <Xu\ + qT+& $H +{
e> +{\ +f eekjT dVs d+d\
eekjT+ #dTHsTT.
neds+ |d]. < neT, >TsY d+d b\T,
+{ eekjT+| |+Cu ]q |]X<q bT\ dq, qsT, eekjT u$T
<s+> VQC d+d\T me d+K sy* sT|<\T e+{ y] CrjT, n+srjT |+<\T
+~. n+ +& sT u>k$T> >T]+#*q <TsTHT #d+~.
neds+ L& +~. => es{+> *| = sV
dVs d+d\T +<T bZqe\dq neds+ m+H q, dqsT sT\ |+<\T <TsTe&yT
+& y] T+ duT\qT, k eT<esT\
+~. n< $<+> |uTs d+d\T, k d+d\T,
|syD = d+d\T +{ eekjT+
sT +<\T ]=sT dV]+#T+ +{
$jT+ k~+#sTT.
eekjT+ #d d+d d++< u+<y\T Hsb*
+~.
n< $< + > q, d q s T s T \T eT]j T T
ybsy\T =, = es{ b&\ >ZT>
eekjT >MTD_e~ $$< d+d\ dVs+
ne>Vq |+#Ty*q neds+ m+H +~.
rdTe&+ |d]. Bd+ eekjT+ uT
>MTD <] |]XeT\qT bV+#*.
+{ eekjT+ jTeT u+<q\qT nyT]
|dT+ us<X+ ~| +{ |<
eT]j T T n s + { H \ s V + n_ e ~
< |uT < |yT d+d sT >| |+<+
#j *q neds+ +~.
#dT (& d+d d+ || d+d \T>&,
$Ts|, ysTXq> e+{ |+\T) =qT>\T #ksTT. B n< $<+> |uT+ sT\ de\+~+# d+d\,
Hus T , mdt _ (SBI) , d d (ICICI) e+{
s T \ , eekj T ybs y \ | eTTT ,
s V D, Xg k+ $w j \ ne>V q
u+\T TTD d<TbjT+ *dTHsTT.
eekjT yD+ e+{ $wj\ dVjT+
y +& | +{ |< < |+Cu
#j *q neds+ +~.
sw+ sT\T, |+Cu eekjT sT dVs d+|T+

49

\yTq u> |#d d+d\ es{ neds\

qT> jsT #j*q neds+ +~.

+{ sT d+|\, eekj d+|\

bV+#*.

d+BjT eekjT >|t d]|wH |uT d+d

#|& q sT\ bV+ +T+~.

d+|\ duT\T syTq <sT

sV n_bjT+ *q e +&*.

dVs d+d\T, |uTs d+d\T (mH..z\) sT

>|\ <s sVD keTs+ |+#&+, n+<s
s+> d<| |<T\T #]+#T #&&+,
es{ nqT>TD+> |+\ ysTT+, q <s
y=#T #&*.

eekjT yD +|\T dVs d+d\ &T

rdTy*.

+|\T = s\ |T&T\T, |]o\\

|syD, ]y{ d+>, m jT+\T,
deT> ddsD e+{ y{ bs<s+> |#d
KsT Z+#Te#T.

+{ sD+ Ks T Z + # T +,
sj~s\qT $+BsD #d, sT\ dVs
d+d\qT bVd, me\+ +{\T
b&+# #&*. y +{\
] #s \T
sb* ed deT+ +& C> |&T
bs<s+> +&*.

+|\T sT\ qeT \uf$> +&*.

k e \ qT k s TT, s T \ qT+&
eekj T \
rd T H
~X
jT$T+#Tqf s+> +|\ sT\
d++<u+<y\T yTsT>esTT.

us<X+ eekj es{+> qeTH

#+ 2003 y=H, < = desD\T #d
+{ eekjT+ \+X\ #ssT.

e s { ]dt Z + # $< + > | + e]&

|<T\ bV+#*.

yesD ]dt Z+#+<T M\T> ;e |<T\

#]+#*.

m.|.myT.d |syD+&*q neds+ H,

u>k$T> +&*q neds+ <T.

+ |\T s T \ qeT b< T = ~X >

| j T +#*. n+< T d + s T \ k s TT
|D[\T #d #| $<+> +&*. n< $<+>
eTT+< |T&T\T |&+ <s < bdd+>
b + T H \ =\& + +{ $ , s T \ {
ws e& + <s y] u > k eTT\q u s k
*+#e#T.

Xg k++> de\ |s+> y] \|&+ <s

y] HD n + eTTKy T q $w j T +>
ne>Vq *+#e#T.

sT\+<] es{ $wj\ <Ty*q

neds+ m+H +~.

d|sY esT, ]f esT, +|\ |H

|uT jT+D |d].

k e s nqT> T D+> q | ] d T \
nqT>TD+> q |syD n_e~ <V<|&
$<+> |PsqTuy <w |T +{\T
sb+~+#Ty*.

+{\
T sw |uT , CrjT |uT n~s+
+&*. +{\T nyT] qeTH
<sT\ sD #+ 2000 (Model Producer
Protection Act 2000) |s+ dT\uyTq uw
$|T Z+# $<+> sb+~+#Ty*.

# |s+ 25 eT+~ sT\ e +&

+{ eekjT+ #d sT\ 9e |+#es
|D[ qT+& yTT+ |T&T\ @&~ 5 X+
e +& 10 \\ $T+#+& eT&
dTHsT.

eekjT +{\T bs<s+> +&&yT

+& s # T > d + | | d j T +
s j ~ s\T * +&*. < s d#
$|D ]> y<M\T, +{\T es{
&e+& nqT>TD+> esT #+<=#T.
50

+{ eekj T + $j T e+ + y\+f
|uT+ |d]> es{ ks+ *+# ds
n+~q y+H &T #*+ m|{&T es{
de#sq+~+# me +|\ bV+#*.

$|s eekjT+ |sq dVs d+d\T

$|\yTq # +{ b]+> <s eekj
|qsT<]+#Te#T.

$\Te <] |]XeT\ k|qq, TTD ks+

*+#&+q, es{ |yX+ *+#&+q
d]jTq de#s#+<T, Xg k++>
n_e~ q&|+<T |uT s+> b bT,
|uTs d+d\ |yX bV+#*.

|dT ||+NsD d# yD+ H|<+,

n+srjT+> eekjT+ L& = |+\T
=Tq H|<+ us<X+ L& b{|&*q
neds+ +~. n+<T >Z Xgk+ d\V\T,
|T&T\# |uT |yT d+d\ =
C> b V +# e # T < s < X
eekj_e~ +{ b]+> <V<+ #d
#&=#T.

yD eekj T + eekj T + uT,

eekj < ] | ] X e T\T @sT # j T & + ,
$\TeC& + # & + <s <>eX\T
|+#e#T.

51