Cng ngh ca qu trnh

reforming xc tc
Nhm thc hin:
Ng Mnh Tng
Nguyn Thanh Mai
Nguyn Th Nguyt
Nguyn Th Toan
Nguyn Ngc Nam
Gii thiu chung
Qu trnh reforming xc tc vi tng xc tc c
nh ln u tin c p dng trong cng
nghip vo nm 1940 v khi dng xc tc
molipen.
Song qu trnh ny khng pht trin v s to
cc qu nhanh trn b mt xc tc.
Vo nm 1949, qu trnh reforming xc tc s
dng xc tc Pt ra i v qu trnh ny lin tc
c ci tin. K t n nay nhiu nghin
cu ci tin c thc hin theo hng ci
tin xc tc v ci tin cng ngh mang li
nhng kt qu ng k.
Gii thiu chung
Vo thp nin 60, xc tc hai chc nng
v nhiu kim loi c pht hin, loi
ny c bn cao, chng li s to cc
gp phn nng cao cht lng sn
phm m chi ph u t v vn hnh
khng cao.
u nhng nm 70, mt ci tin ni bt v
qu trnh reforming xc tc ra i, l
qu trnh c ti sinh lin tc ca UOP v
tip theo l IFP.
Xc tc b cc ha c tho ra lin tc khi
thit b phn ng v c quay li sau khi
c ti sinh trong thit b ring. Qu trnh ny
gi l qu trnh ti sinh lin tc CCR.
Nh kh nng ti sinh lin tc xc tc b cc
ha, qu trnh CCR cho php dng p sut thp
v thao tc lin tc.
Cng nh gim p sut m hiu sut
hydrocarbon thm v H2 tng ln ng k
. Ngy nay, qu trnh CCR vi p sut
ring phn thp c th lm vic p sut
3,5 at. Khi gim p sut lm vic ng thi
nng cao mc bin i nguyn liu th
kinh t nht l chn CCR. Nh ti sinh xc
tc lin tc m khng phi dng qu trnh
ti sinh xc tc nh cc dy truyn c,
xc tc c ti sinh lin tc chuyn vo
thit b phn ng.
iu lm cho xc tc c hot tnh
cao v n nh hn, lm vic iu kin
kht khe hn m vn cho hiu sut cao
hn so vi phng php ti sinh bn lin
tc.
Trong cng ngh phn ng ca phn xng
reforming xc tc th c hai loi thit b phn
ng: thit b phn ng xuyn tm v thit b
phn ng dc trc.
Thit b phn ng dc trc l loi hnh tr, c v
lm bng thp carbon v tip theo l lp lt
bng btng phun, trong l cha y xc tc,
pha trn v pha di lp xc tc l lp m s
xc tc khng b mang theo dng kh.
Trong thit b phn ng dc trc, khi kh
chuyn ng qua lp xc tc dc theo hng
trc reactor.
Thit b phn ng dc trc
u im: Thit b phn ng dc trc c
cu to n gin, r.
Nhc im: tn hao p sut ln
Thit b phn ng xuyn tm
Thit b phn ng xuyn tm cng c cu trc
hnh tr, v cng c lp lt bng btng phun.
Nhng to chuyn ng hng tm ca
dng hi kh, ngi ta b tr pha trong thit b
mt cc hai v hnh tr bng thp c c l
thnh, gia hai lp v ca cc cha xc tc.
Hn hp hi kh i qua cc l ny, qua lp xc
tc theo phng vung gc vi trc ca l ri i
vo ng trung tm v i ra ngoi.
u im: Thit b phn ng xuyn tm c tn
tht p sut nh, p sut lm vic c gim
xung cn 3 10 bar.
Do nhng u im v nhc im m ngy ny thit b phn ng dc
trc khng cn c s dng na v c thay th bng thit b phn
ng xuyn tm
Hnh 1: Thit b phn ng dc trc v xuyn tm
Mt s s cng ngh ca IFP v
UOP
Hnh 2: S cng ngh Dualforming ca IFP
* Cng ngh c ci tin ca
IFP
Hnh 3 : S cng ngh c ci tin ca IFP
Cng ngh Aromizing ca IFP
Hnh 4 : S cng ngh Aromizing ca IFP
Cng ngh Aromizing ca IFP
Qu trnh Aromizing s dng xc tc AR501 c
chn lc cao cho hiu sut aromatic cao, ko
di thi gian sng v gim lng tiu th xc
tc.
. Cc qu trnh cng ngh ca IFP c h thng
ti sinh xc tc hin i, t ng ho hon ton
cc thao tc, cc c t 2 tng nn m
bo ti sinh trit .
H thng side-by-side reactor, cu trc n
gin, ng dn gia thit b phn ng vi l t
ngn v h thng khi phc chi ph thp.
Cng ngh RZ Platforming ca UOP
Qu trnh RZ Platforming c s dng sn xut aromatic. Qu trnh RZ
Platforming s dng xc tc RZ-100, c kh nng c chn lc chuyn ho
nhng thnh phn nguyn liu kh (C6 v C7 paraffin) thnh hydrocarbon
thm.
Qu trnh RZ Platforming cho nng sut thu benzene, toluene v hydro cao.
Thi gian ti sinh xc tc khong 8 n 12 thng. c im ca qu trnh RZ
Platforming:
Tnh chn lc
hydrocarbon thm:
chn lc hydrocarbon
thm ca xc tc RZ-
100 khong 80% hay
cao hn thm ch khi
x l cc thnh phn
nguyn liu kh (C6
v C7 paraffin).
Hnh 6 : So snh hiu sut thu
aromatics ca RZ v CCR Platforming
Nng sut hydro cao:
hnh trn cho thy nng
sut hydro ca xc tc
RZ-100 gp hai ln ca
xc tc CCR Platforming.
Cc phn ng chuyn
ho paraffin nh thnh
cc hydrocarbon thm t
tiu tn hydro hn v sn
phm hydro tng.
Hnh 7: So snh hiu sut thu hydro ca RZ v CCR Platforming
Cng ngh CCR Platforming ca
UOP
Hnh 8 : S cng ngh CCR Platforming ca UOP
Cng ngh CCR Platforming ca
UOP
Qu trnh CCR Platforming c s dng
rng ri trong cng nghip du m v
cng nghip ha cht. Qu trnh ny sn
xut hydrocarbon thm v hydro t
napthen v paraffin.
Nhng c tnh v nhng li ch:
Ti u ha cht xc tc v iu kin qu
trnh: s pht trin ca k thut cho
php ci tin xc tc kt hp vi ci thin
nhng iu kin lm vic.
Tnh chn lc: ca paraffin nng v
naphthene nng 5 v 6 cnh trong phm
vi t 80 n 100%.
Cc d dng c t chy CCR: vi
p sut thp th s hnh thnh cc trn
cht xc tc xy ra nhanh chng hn. V
vy, UOP thit k qu trnh t chy
cc v nhng phc hi cht xc tc d
dng hn.
Mi trng: CCR Platforming t tc ng
n mi trng v hiu sut nng lng
cao. Cng ngh Chlorsorb trong CCR
c s dng phc hi tnh chloride.
S cng ngh Cyclar ca UOP
Qu trnh Cyclar chuyn i kh du m ha lng
(LPG) thnh hydrocarbon thm. Vi s pht trin
chung ca BP v UOP, qu trnh Cyclar m rng s
dng LPG sn xut hydrocarbon thm gi tr cao.
LPG c thnh phn ch yu l propane v butane.
Ha hc qu trnh cng ngh Cyclar
Qu trnh oc tin hnh nhit cao
hn 425C (800F).
Cc phn ng chnh ca qu trnh l:
dehydrogenation
oligomerization
cyclization.
Ha hc qu trnh
Qu trnh cn thu c mt lng ln
hydro, tuy nhin mt s sn phm
trung gian c th tham gia phn ng
hydrocracking to thnh methane,
ethane lm gim nng sut ca qu
trnh.
M t qu trnh
S cng ngh Cyclar tng t CCR
Platforming c chia thnh 3 khu vc
chnh:
Khu vc l phn ng bao gm mt chng
l phn ng xuyn tm, b phn trao i
nhit, l t.
Khu vc ti sinh bao gm regenerator v
h thng chuyn i cht xc tc.
Khu vc sn phm bao gm thp tch sn
phm, my nn, thit b cung cp kh hi
lu.
Cht lng sn phm v nng sut
Nhng sn phm cht lng chnh t qu trnh
Cyclar l benzene, toluene, xylene (BTX), v
nhng hp cht thm nng hn.
Nng sut cc hydrocarbon thm khong t
58%m i vi nguyn liu l propane n 62%
i vi nguyn liu l butane ng thi hm
lng kh thu c cng gim dn.
Vi nguyn liu l propane hay butane, sn
phm lng thu c cha khong 91% BTX v
9% hydrocacbon thm nng hn.
* So snh tng xc tc bn lin tc SRRC
v tng xc tc di ng
SRRC RRC
P, bar 12 z 15 3 z 10
H
2
/RH 5 z 7 1,5 z 4
Xc tc Pt - Re Pt - Sn
Thi gian ti sinh 6 z 12 thng 2 z 10 ngy
%m C
5+
75 z 84 85 z 92
RON xng 98 z 101 100 z 103
%m H
2
1,5 z 2 2 z 3,6
Tng xc tc bn lin tc v tng
xc tc di ng
Cng ngh, xc tc, p sut vn
hnh v mc tiu th hydro
Cc hng i u trong qu trnh
reforming xc tc.
Tn qu trnh Hng thit k Loi Reactor Loi xc tc Ti sinh
PlatFormer UOP Xc tc c nh
R11-R12
Pt=0,375-0,75
Ti sinh
gin on
PowerFormer Exxon Xc tc c nh
KX, RO, BO (Pt,
Re)
Ti sinh
gin on
IFP Reformer IFP Xc tc c nh
RG 400
Pt (0,2-0,6)
Ti sinh
gin on
Maona Former Engelhard Xc tc c nh
RD.150 (Pt=0,6)
E.500
Ti sinh
gin on
Reni Former CRC Xc tc c nh F (Pt, Re)
Ti sinh
gin on
CCR Platformer UOP
Xc tc chuyn
ng
R 16, 20
Pt, Re
Ti sinh
lin tc
Aromizer IFP
Xc tc chuyn
ng
Pt, Re
Ti sinh
lin tc
V tr ca qu trnh Reforming xc
tc trong nh my lc du
Kt lun
Sn phm ch yu ca qu trnh reforming
xc tc l xng c tr s octane cao. Ngoi
ra cn c nhng sn phm th yu nh
hydrocarbon thm, kh hydro k thut, bn
cnh cn c kh ha lng. Tt c to
cho phn xng reforming xc tc mt tnh
kinh t cao, mt v tr khng th thiu, mt
vai tr khng th thiu trong nh my ch
bin du m hin i.