Đồ Án Benzen Toluen Tháp Mâm Xuyên l ỗ Có Ống Chảy Chuyền

MC LC
MC LC.................................................................................................................. i
DANH MC BANG................................................................................................iii
DANH MC HINH.................................................................................................iv
LI M U...........................................................................................................v
CHNG 1 TNG QUAN V QU TRINH CHNG CT..................................1
1.1
Ly thuyt v chng ct................................................................................1
1.1.1
Khi nim............................................................................................1
1.1.2
Phng php chng ct.......................................................................1
1.1.3
Thit b chng ct................................................................................2
1.2
Gii thi u v nguyn li u............................................................................3
1.2.1
Benzen & Toluen.................................................................................3
1.2.2
Cc phng thc iu ch...................................................................4
1.2.3
Hn hp benzen toluen :...................................................................5
1.2.4
S quy trnh cng ngh...................................................................5
1.2.5
Thuyt minh quy trnh:........................................................................6
CHNG 2 CN BNG VT CHT....................................................................8

2.1
Cc thng s ban u..................................................................................8
2.2
Xc nh sut lng san phm inh va san phm y.................................8
2.3
Xc nh ti s hoan lu thich hp.............................................................10
2.3.1
Ti s hoan lu ti thiu......................................................................10
CHNG 3 TNH TON THIT K THP CHNG CT..............................15

3.1
ng kinh thp (Dt)................................................................................15
3.1.1
ng kinh on ct :.......................................................................15
3.1.2
ng kinh on chng....................................................................17
3.2
Chiu cao thp chng ct..........................................................................20
3.3
Mm l tr lc cua mm........................................................................20
3.2.1
Cu to mm l..................................................................................20
3.2.2
giam p cua pha khi qua mt mm...............................................21
3.2.3
giam p qua mm kh..................................................................21
3.2.4
giam p do chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm............................22
3.2.5
giam p do sc cng b mt.........................................................23
3.4
Kim tra ngp lt khi thp hot ng :......................................................25
3.5
Kich thc ng chay chuyn:....................................................................26
3.6
Tinh ton c khi cua thp..........................................................................27
3.4.1
B day thn thp................................................................................27
3.4.2
y va np thit b.............................................................................29
3.4.2.1 Bich ghp thn, y va np................................................................29

3.4.2.2 ng kinh cc ng dn Bich ghp cc ng dn :..........................30
Tai treo va chn :..........................................................................................35
CHNG 4 TNH TON THIT BI TRUYN NHIT THIT BI PH...........38
4.1
Cn bng nng lng cho h thng...........................................................38
4.2
Tinh ton thit b ph:...............................................................................39
4.2.1
Thit b ngng t san phm inh:......................................................39
4.2.2
Thit b lam ngui san phm inh......................................................44
4.2.3
Ni un gia nhit san phm y.........................................................49
4.2.4
Thit b un si dong nh p li u..........................................................53
4.2.5
Bn cao v..........................................................................................58
4.2.6
Bm...................................................................................................62
KT LUN.............................................................................................................67
TI LIU THAM KHAO.......................................................................................68
ii
DANH MC BANG
Bang 2.1. Thanh phn cn bng lng (x), hi (y) tinh theo % mol va nhit si .. .9
Bang 2.2. Thanh phn Benzen Toluen trong hn hp.............................................9
Bang 2.3. Quan h ti s hi lu thich hp vi Ni.....................................................10
Bang 2.4. nht cua hn hp...............................................................................12
Bang 3.1 Kich thc cua bich ghp thn, y np...................................................30
Bang 3.2 Cc thng s cua bich ghp ng dn nhp liu.........................................31
Bang 3.3. Cc thng s cua bich ghp ng dn hi inh thp:.............................32
Bang 3.4. Cc thng s cua bich ghp ng dn hoan lu:.......................................33
Bang 3.5. Cc thng s cua bich ghp ng dn hi vao y thp:...........................34
Bang 3.6. Cc thng s cua bich ghp ng dn cht lng y thp:.....................34
Bang 3.7. Cc thng s cua bich ghp ng dn san phm y.................................35
Bang 3.7. Cc kich thc cua chn : (tinh bng mm)..........................................36
Bang 3.8. Cc kich thc cua tai treo: (tinh bng mm)...........................................37
iii
DANH MC HINH
Hnh 2.1 th xc nh s mm ly thuyt.............................................................11
Hnh 2.2 th biu din quan h gia R va N(R+1)..............................................11
iv
LI M U
M t trong nhng nganh co s ong gop to ln n nn cng nghi p nc ta
noi ring va th gii noi chung, o la nganh Cng ngh Hoa hoc.
Hi n nay, trong nhiu nganh san xut hoa cht cung nh s dng san phm
hoa hoc, nhu cu s dng nguyn li u ho c san phm co tinh khit cao phai phu
hp vi quy trnh san xut ho c nhu cu s dng.
Ngay nay, cc phng php c s dng nng cao tinh khit nh trich
ly, chng ct, c c, hp thu,... Tuy theo c tinh yu cu cua san phm ma ta co
s la chon phng php thich hp. i vi h benzen toluen la hai cu t hoa
tan vao nhau va co nhi t si khc xa nhau nn ta chon phng php chng ct
tch cc cu t trong hn hp va thu c benzen co tinh khit cao.
n mn hoc Qu trnh va Thit b la mn hoc mang tinhd tng hp trong
qu trnh hoc t p cua cc ky s hoa trong tng lai. Mn hoc giup sinh vin giai
quyt nhi m
v tinh ton c th v yu cu cng ngh , kt cu, iu ki n v n
hanh, gi thanh cua m t thit b trong san xut hoa cht thc phm. y la bc
u tin sinh vin v n dng nhng kin thc a hoc cua nhiu mn vao giai
quyt nhung vn ky thu t trong thc t m t cch tng qut.
Nhim v cua mn hoc nay la thit k thp chng ct h benzen - toluen hot
ng lin tc vi nng sut nhp liu la 2500 kg/h co nng 25% mol benzen, thu
c san phm inh co nng 95% mol benzen va san phm y co nng la
5% mol benzen.
Em chn thanh cam n cc quy thy c b mn Cng ngh Hoa hoc va b
mn Cng Ngh Thc phm, cc bn sinh vin a giup em hoan thanh n nay.
Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh hoan thanh n khng th trnh nhng sai sot, em rt
mong quy thy c va cc bn gop y, chi dn.
CHNG 1 TNG QUAN V QU TRINH CHNG

CT
1.1
Ly thuyt v chng ct
1.1.1
Khi nim
Chng ct la qu trnh dung tch cc cu t cua hn hp lng cung nh hn

hp khi lng thanh cc cu t ring bit da vao bay hi khc nhau cua cc cu
t trong hn hp (ngha la khi cung nhit , p sut hi bao hoa cua cc cu t
khc nhau).
Thay v a vao trong hn hp mt pha mi to nn s tip xuc gia hai
pha nh trong qu trnh hp thu hoc nha khi, trong qu trnh chng ct pha mi
c to nn bng s bc hi hoc ngng t.
Chng ct va c c kh ging nhau, tuy nhin s khc nhau cn ban nht
cua 2 qu trnh nay la trong qu trnh chng ct dung mi va cht tan u bay hi
(ngha la cc cu t u hin din trong ca hai pha nhng vi t l khc nhau), con
trong qu trnh c c th chi co dung mi bay hi con cht tan khng bay hi.
Khi chng ct ta thu c nhiu cu t va thng th bao nhiu cu t s
thu c by nhiu san phm. Nu xt h n gian chi co 2 cu t th ta s thu c
2 san phm:
San phm inh chu yu gm cu t co bay hi ln (nhit si nh)
San phm ay chu yu gm cu t co bay hi nh (nhit si ln)
i vi h Benzen Toluen
San phm inh chu yu gm benzen va mt it toluen.
San phm y chu yu la toluen va mt it benzen.
1.1.2
Phng php chng ct
Cc phng php chng ct c phn loi theo :

p sut lam vic
p sut thp
p sut thng
p sut cao
an Qua trinh va Thit bi hoa cht
Chng 1 Tng quan v qua trinh chng ct
Nguyn tc lam vic: da vao nhit si cua cc cu t, nu nhit

si cua cc cu t qu cao th ta giam p sut lam vic giam nhit si cua cc
cu t.
Nguyn li lam vic:
Chng mt bc
Chng li cun theo hi nc
Chng ct
Cp nhit y thp:
Cp nhit trc tip
Cp nhit gin tip
Vy: i vi h Benzen Toluen, ta chon phng php chng ct lin tc
p sut thng.
1.1.3
Thit b chng ct
Trong san xut, ngi ta thng dung nhiu loi thit b khc nhau tin
hanh chng ct. Tuy nhin, yu cu c ban chung cua cc thit b vn ging nhau
ngha la din tich tip xuc pha phai ln. iu nay ph thuc vao mc phn tn
cua mt lu cht nay vao lu cht kia. Nu pha khi phn tn vao pha lng ta co cc
loi thp mm, nu pha lng phn tn vao pha khi ta co thp chm, thp phun,
y ta khao st 2 loi thng dung la thp mm va thp chm.
1. Thp mm: thn thp hnh tr, thng ng phia trong co gn cc mm
co cu to khc nhau, trn o pha lng va pha hi cho tip xuc vi nhau. Tu
theo cu to cua a, ta co:
2. Thp mm chop: trn mm b tri co chop dng tron, xupap,
3. Thp mm xuyn l: trn mm co nhiu l hay ranh.
4. Thp chm (thp m): thp hnh tr, gm nhiu bc ni vi nhau
bng mt bich hay han. Vt chm c cho vao thp theo mt trong hai phng
php sau : xp ngu nhin hay xp th t.
Thp chm
- Cu to kh n gian.
u
im
- Tr lc thp.
- Lam vic c vi cht lng
bn nu dung m cu co
cua cht lng.
Thp mm xuyn l
Thp chp
- Tr lc tng i
thp.
- Kh n
nh.
- Hiu sut kh cao.
- Hiu sut
cao.
- Do co hiu ng thanh hiu - Khng lam vic c

sut truyn khi thp.
vi cht lng bn.
- Co tr lc
ln.
- n nh khng cao, kho

vn hanh.
- Tiu tn
nhiu vt t,
kt cu phc
tp.
Nhc
khi
im - Do co hiu ng thanh
tng nng sut th hiu ng
thanh tng kho tng nng
sut.
- Kt cu kh phc tp.
- Thit b kh nng n.
Bng 1.1 so snh u nhc im ca cc loi thp
Vy qua phn tich trn ta s dng thp mm chop chng ct h Benzen
Toluen.
1.2
Gii thi u v nguyn li u
1.2.1 Benzen & Toluen

Benzen la mt hp cht mch vong, dng lng khng mau va co mui thm
nh.Cng thc phn t la C 6H6. Benzen khng phn cc, v vy tan tt trong cc
dung mi hu c khng phn cc va tan rt it trong nc. Trc y ngi ta
thng s dng benzen lam dung mi. Tuy nhin sau o ngi ta pht hin ra rng
nng benzen trong khng khi chi cn thp khoang 1ppm cung co kha nng gy ra
bnh bch cu, nn ngay nay benzen c s dng hn ch hn
Cc tinh cht vt li cua benzen:
Khi lng phn t: 78,11
Ti trong (20oC): 0,879
Nhit si: 80C
Nhit nong chay: 5,5C
Toluen la mt hp cht mch vong, dng lng va co tinh thm, cng thc
phn t tng t nh benzen co gn thm nhom CH 3. Khng phn cc, do o
toluen tan tt trong benzen.Toluen co tinh cht dung mi tng t benzen nhng
c tinh thp hn nhiu, nn ngay nay thng c s dng thay benzen lam dung
mi trong phong thi nghim va trong cng nghip.
Cc tinh cht vt li cua toluen:
o Khi lng phn t : 92,13
o Ti trong (20oC) : 0,866
o Nhit si : 111oC
o Nhit nong chay : -95 oC
1.2.2 Cc phng thc iu ch
i t ngun thin nhin
Thng thng cc hydrocacbon it c iu ch trong phong thi nghim, v

co th thu c lng ln no bng phng php chng ct than , du m
ong vong va dehydro hoa ankan
Cc ankan co th tham gia ong vong va dehydro hoa to thanh hydro

cacbon thm nhit cao va co mt xuc tc nh Cr 2O3, hay cc lim loi chuyn
tip nh Pd, Pt
CH3(CH2)4CH3 C6H6
Dehydro hoa cc cycloankan
Cc cycloankan co th b dehydro hoa nhit cao vi s co mt cua

cc xuc tc kim loi chuyn tip to thanh benzen hay cc dn xut cua benzen
C6H12 C6H6
i t acetylen
un acetane trong s co mt cau cua xuc tc la than hot tinh hay phc cua
niken nh Ni(CO)[(C6H5)P] s thu c benzen
3C2H2 C6H6
T benzen ta co th iu ch c cc dn xut cua benzen nh toluen

bng phan ng Friedel - Crafts (phan ng ankyl hoa benzen bng cc dn xut ankyl
halide vi s co mt cau xuc tc AlCl3 khan)
C6H6 + CH3- Cl C6H5-CH3
1.2.3 Hn hp benzen toluen :
Ta co bang thanh phn lng (x) hi (y) va nhit si cua hn hp Benzen
Toluen 760 mmHg.[4]
x (%
mol)
y (%
mol)
t (oC)
phn
phn
10
20
30
40
50
60
11,8
21,4
38
51,1 61,9 71,2 79
110,6
108,3 106,1 102,2
70
80
85,4 91
90
100
95,9 100
98,6 95,2 92,1 89,4 86,8 84,4 82,3 80,2
1.2.4 S quy trnh cng ngh

Ki hiu trong quy trnh:
1. Bn cha nguyn liu.
2. Bm.
3. Bn cao v.
4. Thit b un si dong nhp liu.
5. Lu lng k.
6. Nhit k.
7. Thp chng ct.
8. Thit b ngng t san phm inh.
9. p k.
10. Thit b un si y thp.
11. Bn cha san phm y.
12. Thit b lam ngui san phm inh.
13. Bn cha san phm inh.
1.2.5 Thuyt minh quy trnh:

Hn hp Benzen Toluen co nng Benzen la 25% mol, nhit nguyn
liu luc u la 30oC ti bnh cha nguyn liu (1), c bm (2) bm ln bn cao v
(3). Dong nhp liu c gia nhit ti nhit si trong thit b truyn nhit ng
lng ng. Sau o hn hp c a vao thp chng ct (7) a nhp liu va bt
u qu trnh chng ct. Lu lng dong nhp liu c kim sot qua lu lng
k (5).
Trn a nhp liu, cht lng c trn vi phn lng t on luyn cua thp
chay xung. Trong thp, hi i di ln gp lng i t trn xung. y co s tip
xuc va trao i gia hai pha vi nhau. Pha lng chuyn ng trong phn chng cang
xung phia di cang giam nng cc cu t d bay hi v a b pha hi to nn
t ni un (10) li cun cu t d bay hi. Nhit cang ln trn cang thp, nn khi
hi i qua cc a t di ln th cu t co nhit si cao la toluen s ngng t li,
cui cung trn inh thp ta thu c hn hp co cu t benzen chim nhiu nht
(nng 95% mol). Hi nay i vao thit b ngng t (8) c ngng t hoan toan.
Mt phn cht lng ngng t i qua thit b lam ngui san phm inh (12), c
lam ngui bng thit b trao i nhit ng lng ng (12) ri c a qua bn cha
san phm inh (14). Phn con li cua cht lng ngng t c hoan lu v thp
a trn cung vi ti s hoan lu thich hp va c kim sot bng lu lng k.
Cui cung y thp ta thu c hn hp lng hu ht la cu t kho bay hi
(Toluen). Hn hp lng y co nng Benzen la 5% mol, con li la Toluen.
Dung dch lng y i ra khi thp vao ni un (10). Trong ni un dung dch
lng mt phn s bc hi cung cp li cho thp tip tc lam vic, phn con li ra
khi ni un c cho vao bn cha san phm y (11).
H thng lam vic lin tc cho ra san phm inh la benzen, san phm y la
toluen
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
N
c la
m lanh
t=30C
t=40C
Hi o
t
P =1,2 at
T P
12
13
6
T
N
c
ngng
10
Hi o
t
P =2 at
11
N
c
ngng
an qua trinh thit bi _ Nhom 3
CHNG 2 CN BNG VT CHT

2.1
Cc thng s ban u
Nng sut theo nhp liu
: 2500 kg/gi
Nng cu t d bay hi trong nhp liu
: 25% mol benzen
Nng cu t d bay hi trong san phm inh: 95% mol benzen

Nng cu t d bay hi trong san phm y : 5% mol benzen
Nguyn liu vao h thng nhit si
Qu trnh lam vic trong thit b p sut thng.
Loi thit b s dng la thp mm xuyn l co ng chay chuyn
Khi lng phn t cua benzen va toluene : MB = 78, MT = 92 .
Chon
+ Nhi t nh p li u:F t= 30oC .
+ Nhi t san phm inh sau khi lam ngu i: Dt = 35oC .
+ Nhi t san phm y sau khi trao i nhi t: Wt = 35oC .
Cc ky hi u:
GF, GD, GW: Lng nguyn li u u, san phm inh, san phm y.
aF, aD, aW: Phn khi lng cua Benzen hn hp u, inh va y.
xF, xD, xW: Phn mol cua Benzen trong pha lng hn hp u, inh va y.
yF, yD, yW: Phn mol cua Benzen trong pha hi hn hp u, inh va y.
2.2
Xc nh sut lng sn phm inh va sn phm y
V bai cho theo % mol nn phai i sang % khi lng tinh lng san
phm inh va san phm y.
Ta co
a=
x.M B
x.M B
(1 x).M T
aF =
x F .M B
0,25 78
= 0,25 1 0,25 92 = 0,22
x F .M B (1 x F ).M T
aD =
x D .M B
0,95.78
= 0,95.78 (1 0,95).92 = 0,94
x D .M B (1 x D ).M T
Chng 2 Cn bng v t cht
aW =
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
xW .M B
0,05.78
= 0,05.78 (1 0,05).92 = 0,04
xW .M B (1 xW ).M T
Phng trnh cn bng vt cht cho toan thp

G F = GD + GW
(1) [5] trang 144
Phng trnh cn bng vt cht i vi cu t d bay hi (Benzen)

GF .aF = GD .aD + GW .aW
(2) [5] trang 144
Giai h phng trnh (1) va (2) ta c:

Lng dong san phlm inh:
GD = 500 kg/h
Lng dong san phm y:
GW = 2000 kg/h
Bng 2.1. Thanh phn cn bng lng (x), hi (y) tnh theo % mol va nhit
si ca hn hp 2 cu t Benzen Toluen 760 mmHg.
x 0
0,05
0,1
y 0
0,118
0,214 0,38
108,3
106,1 102,2 98,6
110,6
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,511
0,5
0,9
0,619 0,712 0,79 0,854 0,91
0,959
95,2
82,3
80,2
92,1
0,6
0,7
0,8
89,4 86,8
84,4
Da vao bang nay ta v c ng cn bng y cb= f(x) va xc nh c phn

mol (y) va nhit si tng ng.
Bng 2.2. Thanh phn Benzen Toluen trong hn hp
Nhit si (C)
Thanh phn cua Benzen trong hn hp

% Khi lng
Phn mol x
Phn mol y
tF = 100,4
aF = 0,22
xF = 0,25
yF = 0,446
tD = 81,25
aD = 0,94
xD = 0,95
yD = 0,98
tW =108,3
aW = 0,04
xW = 0,05
yW = 0,118
2.3
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Xc nh ti s hoan lu thch hp
2.3.1 Ti s hoan lu ti thiu

2.3.1.1. Xac inh s mm ly thuyt
T s hi lu ti thiu
Rmin =
xD yF
yF xF
0,95 0,446
0,446 0,25
= 2,57 [5] trang 158
Trong o: yF* la nng cn bng ng vi xF

T s hi lu lam vic
Thng c xc nh qua ti s hi lu ti thiu
R = b. Rmin
Trong o: h s d b = 1,2 2,5 0
Vi cc gi tr Ri > Rmin ta tm c cc gi tr tung Bi tng ng

Bi =
xD
Ri 1
V cc ng lam vic cua on luyn ng vi cc gi tr B i o. T o qua

th ta tm c cc gi tr N i tng ng. T cc gi tr N i tm c ta thanh lp cc
gi tr tng ng Ni(Ri + 1)
Bng 2.3. Quan h ti s hi lu thch hp vi Ni
B
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
2,0
2,2
2,4
2,5
Ri
3,08
3,6
4,11
4,63
5,14
5,65
6,17
6,43
Bi
0,233
0,207
0,186
0,169
0,155
0,143
0,132
0,128
Ni
14
12
10,5
10
9,2
8,7
8,5
Ni(Ri+ 1)
54,63
47,40
46,88
48,82
53,61
58,65
61,10
62,81
Thit lp quan h ph thuc gia Ri va Ni(Ri+ 1)trn th. im cc tiu cua

ng cong v c cho ta gi tr th tich thit b b nht va ng vi im o ta xc
nh c ti s hi lu thich hp Rlt
T th bn di ta xc nh c:
Rlt = 4,11 ; Blt = 0,186
10
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
T o suy ra Nlt = 10,5 mm
Hnh 2.1 th xc nh s mm ly thuyt
Hnh
2.2 th biu din quan h gia R va N(R+1)
11
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
2.3.1.2. Xac inh s mm thc t

T s liu [4] trang 92 va thc hin php ni suy ta xc nh c nht
cua Benzen va Toluen nhit va nng tng ng.
Bng 2.4. nht ca hn hp
nht (cP)
inh thp
Gia thp
y thp
0,313
0,263
0,244
0,316
0,273
0,255
nht hn hp c tinh theo cng thc:

lg hh = x1. 1 + x2. 2
[4] trang 84
Trong o:
x1, x2: nng mol cua Benzen va Toluen

1 , 2 : nht ng lc cua Benzen va Toluen
nht san phm inh:

lg D = xD. 1D + x2. 2 D
= 0,95.lg0,313 + (1 0,95).lg0,316 = -0,5042
D = 10(-0,5042) = 0,313 CP
nht nguyn liu u:
lg F = xF. 1F + x2. 2 F
= 0,25.lg0,263 + (1 0,25).lg0,273 = -0,568
F = 10(-0,568) = 0,27 CP
nht san phm y:
lg W = xW. 1W + x2. 2W
= 0,05.lg0,244 + (1 0,05).lg0,255 = -0,5944
W = 10(-0,5944) = 0,2544 CP
bay hi tng i c tinh theo cng thc:
y
1 x
.
1 y
x
Trong o, x,y: nng cu t d bay hi trong pha lng va hi

12
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
bay hi tng i cua san phm inh:

D =
yD
1 xD
0,98
1 0,95
.
= 1 0,98 . 0,95 = 2,579
1 yD
xD
bay hi tng i cua nguyn liu u:

F =
yF
1 xF
0,446
1 0,25
.
= 1 0,446 . 0,25 = 2,415
1 yF
xF
bay hi tng i cua san phm y:

W =
yW
1 xW
0,118
1 0,05
.
= 1 0,118 . 0,05 = 2,542
1 yW
xW
S mm thc t c tinh theo cng thc:

Nt =
N lt
[5] trang 170
tb
Trong o: Nlt : s mm ly thuyt

tb : hiu sut trung bnh cua thit b
tb =
1 2 ... n
n
Vi 1 , 2 , n : hiu sut cua cc bc thay i nng

n: s mm tinh hiu sut
Hiu sut trung bnh la ham s cua bay hi tng i cua hn hp va
nht cua hn hp lng tb = f( . )
Ta co:
D . D = 2,579. 0,313 = 0,807

F . F = 2,415. 0,27 = 0,652
W . W
= 2,542. 0,2544 = 0,646
Khi bit c tich s ( . ) tra (II 171) ta xc nh c hiu sut tng

ng
D
F = 54,42 %
= 51,895 %
W =54,31%
tb = 53,542%
Nt =
N lt
tb
10,5
0,53542
= 19,6 mm
Chon Nt = 20 mm
13
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
S mm on chng: 8 mm
S mm on ct: 11 mm
S mm nh p li u: 1 mm
14
CHNG 3 TNH TON THIT K THP CHNG

CT
3.1 ng knh thp (Dt)
Dt
4Vtb
g tb
0,0188
.3600. tb
( y . y ) tb
(m)
Vtb : lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (m3/h).

tb : tc hi trung bnh i trong thp (m/s).
gtb : lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (kg/h).
Lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng va on ct khc nhau. Do o,
ng kinh on chng va on ct cung khc nhau .
3.1.1
ng kinh on ct :
3.1.1.1 Lng hi trung binh i trong thap :

g tb
g d g1
(kg/h)
2
gd : lng hi ra khi a trn cung cua thp (kg/h).

g1 : lng hi i vao a di cung cua on ct (kg/h).
Xc nh gd : gd = D.(R+1) = 500.(4,11+1) = 2555 (kg/h)
Xc nh g1 : T h phng trnh :
g1 G1 D
g1 . y1 G1 .x1 D.x D
g .r g .r
d d
1 1
(III.1)
Vi G1 : lng lng a th nht cua on ct .

r1 : n nhit ho hi cua hn hp hi i vao a th nht cua on ct
rd : n nhit ho hi cua hn hp hi i ra inh thp .
* Tinh r1 : t1 = tF = 100,4oC , tra tai liu tham khao [4] ta co :
n nhit ho hi cua benzen: rB1 = 378,57 (kJ/kg) .
n nhit ho hi cua toluen: rT1 = 368,19 (kJ/kg) .
Suy ra : r1 = rB1.y1 + (1-y1).rT1 = 368,19 + 10,38.y1 (kJ/kg)
15
Chng 3 Tinh toan - thit k thap chng ct
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
* Tinh rd : tD = 81,25oC , tra tai liu tham khao [4] ta co :

n nhit ho hi cua benzen : rBd = 392,64 (kJ/kg) .
n nhit ho hi cua toluen : rTd = 377,86 (kJ/kg) .
Suy ra : rd = rBd.yD + (1-yD).rTd =392,64.0,976 + (1- 0,976).377,86
= 392,29 (kJ/kg)
* x1 = xF = 0,22 (theo phn khi lng)
Giai h (III.1) , ta c :
G1 = 2195,98 (kg/h)
y1 = 0,35 (phn khi lng)
g1 = 2695,98 (kg/h)
Vy : gtb =
2555 2695,98
2625,49 (kg/h)
2
3.1.1.2 Tc hi trung binh i trong thap

Tc gii hn cua hi i trong thp vi mm xuyn l co ng chay chuyn:
gh 0,05.
xtb
ytb
Vi : xtb : khi lng ring trung bnh cua pha lng (kg/m3) .
ytb : khi lng ring trung bnh cua pha hi (kg/m3) .
Xc nh ytb :
ytb
ytb .78 1 ytb .92.273

22,4. t tb 273
Vi: + Nng phn mol trung bnh : ytb =

+ Nhit trung bnh on ct : ttb =
y1 y D 0,39 0,98
=
= 0,685
2
2
t F t D 100,4 81,25
=
= 90,825oC
2
2
Suy ra : ytb = 2,76 (kg/m3).

Xc nh xtb :
Nng phn mol trung bnh : xtb =
xF xD
0,25 0,95
=
= 0,6
2
2
16
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
78.xtb
= 0,56% .
78.xtb (1 xtb ).92
Suy ra : xtb
ttb = 90,825oC, [4] trang 9, ta co :

xtb = 800,48 (kg/m3)
Suy ra : gh
0,05.
800,48
2,76
= 0,85 (m/s)
trnh to bot ta chon tc hi trung bnh i trong thp :

h 0,8. gh 0,8.0,85
= 0,68 (m/s)
Xc nh : h s tinh n sc cng b mt
Ta co:
1
1
1
hh 10,07.10 3 N / m 10,07 dyn / cm

hh B T
Vi: B = 19,95.10-3 N/m, T = 20,36.10-3 N/m (s liu tra t bang I.242

trang 300 tai li u tham khao [4])
Ta thy hh < 20 theo [5] tr184 chon = 0,8
.w y tb 0,065. h. xtb ytb 0,065.0,8. 0,3.800,48.2,76 1,34kg / m 2 .s

Vy ng kinh on ct :
Dct = 0,0188.
3.1.2
= 0,83 (m).
ng kinh on chng
3.1.2.1
g , tb
2624,38
1,34
Lng hi trung binh i trong thap
g , n g ,1
(kg/h)
2
gn : lng hi ra khi on chng (kg/h).

g1 : lng hi i vao on chng (kg/h).
Xc nh gn : gn = g1 = 2693,76 (kg/h)
Xc nh g1 : T h phng trnh :
17
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
G '1 g '1 W
'
'
G 1 .x'1 g 1 . yW W .xW
g ' .r ' g ' .r ' g .r
1 1
n
n
1 1
(III.2)
Vi G1 : lng lng a th nht cua on chng .

r1 : n nhit ho hi cua hn hp hi i vao a th nht cua on chng.
_
* Tinh r1 : x w = 0,04 tra th cn bng cua h ta co : y w = 0,018

t1 = tW = 108,3oC , tra tai liu tham khao [4], ta co :
n nhit ho hi cua Benzen : r B1 = 372,04 (kJ/kg) .
n nhit ho hi cua Toluen : r T1 = 363,31 (kJ/kg) .
_
Suy ra : r 1 = rB1. y w + (1- y w ).r T1 = 364,2 (kJ/kg)

* Tinh r1: theo kt qua trn ta co
r1 = 368,19 + 10,38.y1 = 368,19 + 10,38.0,35 = 371,823 (kJ/kg)
* W = 2000 (kg/h)
Giai h (III.2) , ta c : x1 =0,15 (phn khi lng)
G1 = 4752,4 (kg/h)
g1 = 2752,4 (kg/h)
Vy : gtb =
3.1.2.2
g n' g1' 2695,98 2752,4
2724,19 (kg/h)
2
2
Tc hi trung binh i trong thap
Tc gii hn cua hi i trong thp vi mm xuyn l co ng chay chuyn:

' gh 0,05.
' xtb
' ytb
Vi : 'xtb : khi lng ring trung bnh cua pha lng (kg/m3) .
'ytb : khi lng ring trung bnh cua pha hi (kg/m3) .
Xc nh ytb :
' ytb
y 'tb .78 1 y 'tb .92.273

22,4. t 'tb 273
Vi: + Nng phn mol trung bnh :
18
ytb =
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
y1 yW 0,39 0,118
=
= 0,254
2
2
+ Nhit trung bnh on chng : ttb=
t F tW 100.4 108,3
=
=104,35oC
2
2
Suy ra : ytb = 2,86 (kg/m3).

Xc nh xtb :
Nng phn mol trung bnh : xtb =
Suy ra : x'tb
x F xW
0,25 0,05
=
= 0,15
2
2
78.x ' tb
=0,13
78 x ' tb (1 x' tb ).92
ttb = 104,35oC , tra tai liu tham khao [4] trang 9, ta co :

Khi lng ring cua benzen: B = 787,78 (kg/m3)
Khi lng ring cua toluen: T = 783,22 (kg/m3)
Suy ra : xtb
x'
1 x' tb
= tb
'T
'B
Suy ra : ' gh 0,05.
783,81
=
2,86
= 783,81 (kg/m3)
0,828 (m/s)
trnh to bot ta chon tc hi trung bnh i trong thp :

' h 0,8. ' gh 0,8.0,828 = 0,662 (m/s)
Xc nh : h s tinh n sc cng b mt
Ta co:
1
1
1
hh 9,3.10 3 N / m 9,3dyn / cm
hh B T
Vi: B =18,278.10-3 N/m, T = 18,94.10-3 N/m (s liu tra t bang I.242

trang 300 [6])
Ta thy hh < 20 theo [5] tr184 chon = 0,8
.w y tb 0,065. h. xtb ytb 0,065.0,8. 0,3.783,81.2,86 1,35

D t 0,0188
g tb
2724,19
0,0188.
0,845m
1,35
( y . y ) tb
19
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Tc hi trung bnh i trong on chng: w' y
.w y tb
ytb
1,35
0,47 m / s
2,86
Vy : ng kinh on chng Dchng= 0,845 (m).

Kt lun : hai ng kinh on ct va on chng khng chnh lch nhau qu
ln nn ta chon ng kinh cua toan thp la : Dt = 0,85 (m).
Khi o tc lam vic thc :
+ Phn ct : lv =
0,0188 2.g tb
Dt . ytb
+ Phn chng :lv =
0,0188 2.2625,49
0,465 (m/s).
0,85 2.2,76
0,0188 2.g 'tb

Dt . ' ytb
2
0,0188 2.2724,19
0,466 (m/s).
0,85 2.0,746
3.2 Chiu cao thp chng ct

H N t H 0,8 1
(m)
Trong o:
Nt : s a thc t
: b day cua a (m)
m = 0,8 1 (m) khoang cch cho php inh va y thit b
H : khoang cch gia cc a
Chon m = 0,8 (m)
H = 20.(0,3 + 0,0018) + 0,8 = 6,836 (m)
Hy = Hnp = ht + hg = 0,15 + 0,05 = 0,2 (m)
Chiu cao thp la: H = 6,835 + 0,2. 0,2 = 7,235 (m) (xem phn y np)
3.3 Mm l tr lc ca mm
3.2.1 Cu to mm l
Chon : + ng kinh l : dl = 3 (mm).
+ Tng din tich l bng 8% din tich mm.
+ Khoang cch gia hai tm l bng 2,5 ln ng kinh l (b tri l
theo tam gic u ).
+ T l b day mm va ng kinh l la 6/10 .
+ Din tich danh cho ng chay chuyn la 20% din tich mm .
20
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
S l trn 1 mm :
2
8%.S mm
D
N=
= 0,08. t
S lo
dl
0,85
0,08.
= 6422 l.
0,003
Vy: ta b tri cc l trn 1 hang la 47 l, s l trn ng cho la 93 l.

3.2.2 giam p cua pha khi qua mt mm
giam p tng cng cua pha khi (tinh bng mm.cht lng ) la tng cc
giam p cua pha khi qua mm kh va cc giam p do pha lng:
htl = hk + hl + hR
(mm cht lng)
Vi : + hk : giam p qua mm kh (mm cht lng).

+ hl : giam p do chiu cao lp cht lng trn mm(mm cht lng).
+hR : giam p do sc cng b mt (mm cht lng).
Trong thp mm xuyn l, gradien chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm la
khng ng k nn co th b qua .
3.2.3 giam p qua mm kh
giam p cua pha khi qua mm kh c tinh da trn c s tn tht p sut
do dong chay t thu , t m va do ma st khi pha khi chuyn ng qua l.
vo 2 G
uo 2 G
51,0. 2 .
hk 2 .
C (mm cht lng)
2
.
g
.
C
L
o
o L
Vi : + uo :vn tc pha hi qua l (m/s).
+ G : khi lng ring cua pha hi (kg/m3).
+ L : khi lng ring cua pha lng (kg/m3).
+ Co : h s orifice, ph thuc vao t s tng din tich l vi din tich
mm va t s gia b day mm vi ng kinh l.
Ta co :
lo
S mm
=0,08 va
mm
=0,6
dl
[1] trang 111
Co = 0,735
i vi mm phn ct :
+ Vn tc pha hi qua l : uo =
lv
0,463
= 5,788 (m/s).
8%
0,08
21
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
+ Khi lng ring cua pha hi : G = ytb = 2,76 (kg/m3).

+ Khi lng ring cua pha lng : L = xtb = 800,48 (kg/m3).
Suy ra giam p qua mm kh phn ct :
5,788 2 2,76
.
hk 51,0.
=10,9 (mm cht lng)
2
0,735 800,48
i vi mm phn chng :
+ Vn tc pha hi qua l : uo =
' lv
0,466
= 5,825 (m/s).
8%
0,08
+ Khi lng ring cua pha hi : G = ytb = 2,86 (kg/m3).

+ Khi lng ring cua pha lng : L = xtb = 783,81 (kg/m3).
Suy ra giam p qua mm kh phn chng :
5,825 2
h' k 51,0.
2
0,735
2,86
= 11,69 (mm cht lng).
783,81
.
3.2.4 giam p do chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm

Phng php n gian c tinh giam p cua pha hi qua mm do lp
cht lng trn mm hl la t chiu cao g chay tran h w , chiu cao tinh ton cua lp
cht lng trn g chay tran how va h s hiu chinh theo kinh nghim :
hl = .( hw + how )
, (mm.cht lng)
Chon : + H s hiu chinh : = 0,6

+ Chiu cao g chay tran : hw = 50 (mm)
Chiu cao tinh ton cua lp cht lng trn g chay tran c tinh t phng
trnh Francis vi g chay tran phng :
how
q
43,4. L
Lw
, (mm cht lng)
Vi : + qL : lu lng cua cht lng (m3/ph).

+ Lw :chiu dai hiu dng cua g chay tran (m).
Xc nh Lw :
Tinh chiu dai g chay tran:
22
Lg
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Din tich danh cho ng chay chuyn la 20% din tich mm, nn ta co phng
trnh sau :
.n o
sin n o 0,2.
o
180
Vi no la goc tm chn bi chiu dai on Lw .

Dung phng php lp ta c : no = 93o1222
Suy ra: Lw = Dt . sin(no/2) = 0,618 (m).
Xc nh qL :
* Phn ct : q L
Suy ra : how
R.D.M D
4,11.500
= 0,0428 (m3/ph).
60. xtb
60.800,48
0,0428
43,4.
0,618
= 7,32 (mm).
Vy giam p do chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm phn ct la:

hl = 0,6.(50 + 7,32) = 34,392 (mm cht lng).
G '1 .M tbG '

4752,4
* Phn chng : q ' L

= 0,1 (m3/ph).
60. ' xtb
60.783,81
Suy ra :
h' ow
0,1
43,4.
0
,
618
= 12,89 (mm).
Vy giam p do chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm phn chng :

hl = 0,6.(50 + 12,89) = 37,734 (mm cht lng).
3.2.5 giam p do sc cng b mt
giam p do sc cng b mt c xc nh theo biu thc :
hR 625,54.
L .d l
, (mm.cht lng)
23
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Vi : + : sc cng b mt cua cht lng (dyn/cm).

+ L : khi lng ring cua pha lng (kg/m3).
Phn ct :
* Khi lng ring cua pha lng : L = xtb = 800,48 (kg/m3).
* ttb = 90,825oC, [4 (tp 1)], ta co :
+ Sc cng b mt cua benzen : B = 19,95 (dyn/cm).
+ Sc cng b mt cua toluen : T = 20,36 (dyn/cm).
Suy ra: Sc cng b mt cua cht lng phn ct :
hh
B . T
= 10,07 (dyn/cm).
B T
Vy giam p do sc cng b mt phn ct la :

hR 625,54.
10,07
800,48.3
= 2,623 (mm cht lng).
Phn chng :
* Khi lng ring cua pha lng : L = xtb = 783,81 (kg/m3).
* ttb = 104,35oC ,tra tai liu tham khao [4], ta co :
+ Sc cng b mt cua benzen : B = 18,278 (dyn/cm).
+ Sc cng b mt cua toluen : T = 18,94 (dyn/cm).
Suy ra sc cng b mt cua cht lng phn chng:
'
hh
' B . 'T
= 9,3 (dyn/cm).
' B 'T
Vy : giam p do sc cng b mt phn chng la:

h' R 625,54.
9,3
783,81.3
= 2,474 (mmcht lng).
Tom li: giam p tng cng cua pha khi qua mt mm :

+ Phn ct: htl = 10,94 + 34,932 + 2,623 = 47,955 (mm cht lng).
hay htl = 376,58 (N/m2).
+ Phn chng: htl = 11,69 + 37,734 + 2,474 = 51,898 (mm cht lng).
hay htl = 399,05 (N/m2).
24
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Suy ra: Tng tr lc cua toan thp hay giam p tng cng cua toan thp
(xem giam p tng cng cua pha khi qua mm nhp liu bng giam p tng
cng cua pha khi qua mt mm phn chng )
htl = 11. htl + 8. htl = 11 . 376,58 + 8. 399,05 = 7334,78 (N/m2)
3.4 Kim tra ngp lt khi thp hot ng :

Chon khoang cch gia hai mm la hmm = 300 (mm).
B qua s to bot trong ng chay chuyn, chiu cao mc cht lng trong ng
chay chuyn cua mm xuyn l c xc nh theo biu thc :
hd = hw + how + htl + hd
, (mm cht lng)
Vi : hd la tn tht thu lc do dong lng chay t ng chay chuyn vao mm,

c xc nh theo biu thc sau :
QL
hd ' 0,128.
100.S d
, (mm cht lng)
trong o : + QL : lu lng cua cht lng (m3/h).

+ Sd : tit din gia ng chay chuyn va mm, khi o :
Sd = 0,8 . Smm = 0,8 . . 0,4252 = 0,454 (m2)
Phn ct : QL = 60.qL = 60 . 0,0428 = 2,568 (m3/h).
Suy ra : hd ' 0,128.
2,568
100.0,454
= 4,095.10-4 (mm cht lng).
Vy chiu cao mc cht lng trong ng chay chuyn cua mm xuyn l

phn ct :
hd =50 + 7,32 + 47,955 + 4,095.10-4 =105,275 (mm cht lng).
Kim tra : hd = 105,275 <
hmm 300
150 (mm) am bao khi hot ng cc

2
2
mm phn ct s khng b ngp lt.

Phn chng : QL = 60.qL = 60 . 0,1= 6 (m3/h).
Suy ra : h' d ' 0,128.
100.0,454
= 2,236.10-3 (mm cht lng).
Vy chiu cao mc cht lng trong ng chay chuyn cua mm xuyn l

phn chng :
hd =50 + 12,89 + 51,898 + 2,236.10-3 = 114,79 (mm cht lng).
25
Kim tra: hd = 114,79 <
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
hmm 300
150 (mm): am bao khi hot ng cc

2
2
mm phn chng s khng b ngp lt.

Vy khi hot ng am bao thp s khng b ngp lt.
Chiu cao cua thn thp: Hthn = Ntt .(hmm+ mm ) + 0,8
=20.(0,3 + 0,0018) + 0,8 = 6,835 (m)
Chiu cao cua y va np: H = Hn =ht +hg =0,15 + 0,05 = 0,2 (m).
(Xem phn : y va Np thit b ).
Chiu cao cua thp : H = Hthn + H + Hn = 7,235 (m)
3.5 Kch thc ng chy chuyn:

- Chon s ng chay chuyn: z = 1 ng
- ng kinh ng chay chuyn
dc
4
Gx
.
3600 x .wc .z
Tc cht lng chay trong

ng chay chuyn: chon wc = 0,1 m/s
Lu lng lng trung bnh i

trong thp: Gx (kg/h).
Khi lng ring trung bnh

cua lng: x (kg/m )
3
- Lng lng trung bnh trong thp:

Lng lng trung bnh trong phn luyn:
Lng lng a th nht on ct: G1 = 2195,98 (kg/h)
Lng lng hoan lu: Gh = Rth.D = 4,11.500 = 2055 (kg/h)
=> GtbL
G1 Gh
2125,49 (kg/h)
2
Lng lng trung bnh trong phn chng:

Lng san phm y: W = 2000 kg/h
Lng lng mm nhp liu: G 2 = G1 + F = 2500 + 4752,4 = 72525,4
kg/h
26
=> GtbC
=> Gtb
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
G2 W
4626,2 (kg/h)
2
GtbL GtbC
3375,845 (kg/h)
2
tbC 800,48kg / h
tbL 783,81kg / h
tb 792,145kg / h
ng kinh ng chay chuyn

dc
Gx
4
.
3600 x .wc .z
4.3375,845
0,122(m)
3600. .792,145.1
Khoang cch t a n chn ng chay chuyn

h3 = 0,25.dc = 0,25.122 = 30 mm
Chiu cao ng chay chuyn trn a
hc = hw h1 = 50 - 37 = 13 mm
3.6 Tnh ton c kh ca thp

3.4.1 B day thn thp
V thp chng ct hot ng p sut thng nn ta thit k thn hnh tr
bng phng php han gip mi (phng php h quang). Thn thp c ghp vi
nhau bng cc mi ghp bich.
am bao cht lng cua san phm va kha nng n mon cua Benzen i vi
thit b, ta chon vt liu ch to thn thp la thp khng gi ma X18H10T.
3.4.1.1 p sut tinh toan :
Thp lam vic p sut khi quyn, nn ta chon p sut tinh ton :
Ptt =Pcl + htl + 9,81.10-2
, (N/mm2)
Vi : Pcl : p sut thuy tnh do cht lng y (N/mm2).

Chon p sut tinh ton sao cho thp hot ng iu kin nguy him nht ma
vn an toan nn :
Pcl = x .g.H =
xtb ' xtb

800,48 783,81
.g.H =
. 9,81 . 7,235
2
2
=56222,77 (N/m2).
27
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Suy ra Ptt = 56222,77 + 3719,92 + 9,81.10 4 = 158042,68 (N/m2) ~0,158043

(N/mm2).
3.4.1.2 Nhit tinh toan :
Chon nhit tinh ton : ttt = ty = 108,3oC .
Tra tai liu tham khao [6], ng sut tiu chun i vi thp X18H10T :
[]* = 142 (N/mm2).
i vi ru h s hiu chinh : = 1
Vy : ng sut cho php : [] = .[]* = 142 (N/mm2).
3.4.1.3 Xac inh b day thn chiu ap sut trong
Ta chon phng php ch to thn la phng php han h quang in bng tay
nn h s bn mi han : h = 0,9
142
Xt t s : P . h 0,158043 .0,9 =808,6427 > 25,do o, b day tinh ton cua

tt
thn c tinh theo cng thc sau :
S 't
Dt .Ptt
850.0,158043
= 0,5256 (mm).
2. . h
2.142.0,9
Suy ra : b day thc cua thn : St = St + C
,(mm).
Trong o : C :h s b sung b day, C = Ca + Cb + Cc + Co

Vi : + Ca : h s b sung do n mon ho hoc, ph thuc vao tc n mon
cua cht lng. Chon tc n mon cua Benzen la 0,1 (mm/nm),thit b hot ng
trong 20 nm, do o Ca = 2 mm.
+Cb : h s b sung do bao mon c hoc, chon Cb = 0.
+Cc : h s b sung do sai lch khi ch to, chon Cc = 0.
+Co : h s b sung qui tron, chon Co =0,4746 (mm).
Suy ra : C = 2 + 0 + 0 + 0,4746 = 2,4746 (mm).
Vy : St = 0,5256 + 2,4746 = 3 (mm).
* Kim tra cng thc tinh ton vi St = 3 (mm) :
St Ca 3 2
= 0,00176 < 0,1 : ung.

Dt
850
* Kim tra p sut tinh ton cho php :
28
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Ptt 2. . h . S t C a 2.142.0,9. 3 2 =0,300 > Ptt : ung.

Dt S t C a
850 3 2
Vy : B day thc cua thn la St = 3 (mm).
3.4.2 y va np thit b
Chon y va np co dng la ellipise tiu chun, co g bng thp X18H10T.
Nhn thy: cng thc tinh ton b day thn, y va np chu p sut trong la
nh nhau. Nn chon b day cua y va np la S = Sn = 3 (mm).
Cc kich thc cua y va np ellipise tiu chun, co g(tai liu tham khao
[4(tp 2)]:
+ ng kinh trong: Dt = 850 (mm).
+ ht =212,5 (mm).
+ Chiu cao g: hg = h = 50 (mm).
+Din tich b mt trong: Sy = 0,92 (m2).
3.4.2.1 Bich ghp thn, y va np
Mt bich la b phn quan trong dung ni cc phn cua thit b cung nh ni
cc b phn khc vi thit b. Cc loi mt bich thng s dng:
+ Bich lin: la b phn ni lin vi thit b (han, uc va rn). Loi bich nay
chu yu dung thit b lam vic vi p sut thp va p sut trung bnh.
+ Bich t do: chu yu dung ni ng dn lam vic nhit cao, ni cc b
bng kim loi mau va hp kim cua chung, c bit la khi cn lam mt bich bng vt
liu bn hn thit b.
+ Bich ren: chu yu dung cho thit b lam vic p sut cao.
Chon bich c ghp thn, y va np lam bng thp X18H10T, cu to cua
bich la bich lin khng c.
29
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Theo tai liu tham khao [5]- trang 417, ng vi D t =850(mm) va p sut tinh
ton Ptt = 0,158043 (N/mm2) ta chon bich co cc thng s sau :
Bng 3.1 Kch thc ca bch ghp thn, y np
Dt
Db
D1
Bu lng
db
(mm)
850
980
930
900
Z
(ci)
20,58 20
24
Theo tai liu tham khao [5]- trang 170, chon s mm gia hai mt bich la 1
mm.Vy s bich ghp thn y - np la 40 bich.
kin cua mi ghp bich chu yu do vt m quyt nh. m lam bng cc
vt liu mm hn so vi vt liu bich. Khi xit bu lng, m b bin dng va in
y ln cc ch g gh trn b mt cua bich. Vy, am bao kin cho thit b ta
chon m la dy aming, co b day la 3(mm).
3.4.2.2 ng kinh cc ng dn Bich ghp cc ng dn :
Bich c lam bng thp CT3 , cu to cua bich la bich lin khng c.
30
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Vi tri nhp liu :

Sut lng nhp liu: GF = 2500 (kg/h).
Khi lng ring cua cht lng nhp liu, tra tai liu tham khao [4]
tF = 100,4oC va
x F 22% :
F = 789,1 (kg/m3).
Lu lng cht lng nhp liu i vao thp: QF
GF
= 3,168 (m3/h).
F
Chon vn tc cht lng nhp liu (t chay t bn cao v vao mm nhp liu):
vF = 0,2 (m/s).
ng kinh ng nhp liu: dF =
4.Q F
3600. .v F
4.3,168
0,075 (m).
3600. .0,2
Suy ra: chon ng kinh ng nhp liu: dF = 0,080 (m).

Tai liu tham khao [5], chon chiu dai on ng ni ghp mt bich: l F = 110
(mm).
Bng 3.2 Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn nhp liu

Dt
Db
Dn
D1
Bu lng
db
(mm)
80
Z
(ci)
150
89
185
128
14
16
31
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
ng hi nh thap:
Sut lng hi inh thp: gd = 2555 (kg/h).
Khi lng ring cua hi inh thp c tinh theo cng thc (xc nh
tD = 81,25oC va yD = 0,986:
78. y D 1 y D .92.273
22,4. t D 273
= 2,693 (kg/m3).
Lu lng hi ra khi thp: Qh
gd
= 948,71 (m3/h).
h
Chon vn tc hi inh thp: vh = 25 (m/s).

ng kinh ng dn hi: dh =
4.Qh
3600. .v h
4.948,71
0,1159 (m).
3600. .25
Suy ra: chon ng kinh ng dn hi: dh = 0,125 (m).

Tai liu tham khao [5], chon chiu dai on ng ni ghp mt bich:
lh = 120 (mm).
Bng 3.3. Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn hi inh thp:
Dt
Db
Dn
D1
Bu lng
db
(mm)
125
Z
(ci)
200
133
235
178
14
16
ng hoan lu:
Sut lng hoan lu: Ghl =D.R=500 . 4,11 = 2055 (kg/h).
Khi lng ring cua cht lng hoan lu, tra tai liu tham khao [4]
tD = 81,25oC va
x D 94% :
hl = 813,21 (kg/m3).
Lu lng cht lng hoan lu: Qhl
Ghl
= 2,527 (m3/h).
hl
Chon vn tc cht lng hoan lu (t chay t b phn tch lng ngng t vao
thp): vhl = 0,15 (m/s).
32
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
4.Qhl
3600. .vhl
ng kinh ng hoan lu: dhl =
4.2,527
0,077 (m).
3600. .0,15
Suy ra: chon ng kinh ng hoan lu: dhl = 0,08 (m).

lhl = 110 (mm).
Bng 3.4. Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn hoan lu:
Dt
Db
Dn
D1
Bu lng
db
(mm)
80
Z
(ci)
150
89
185
128
14
16
ng dn hi vao ay thap:
Sut lng hi vao y thp: g1 = 2752,4 (Kg/h).
Khi lng ring cua hi vao y thp c tinh theo cng thc (xc nh
tW = 108,3oC va yW = 0,118:
hd
78. yW 1 yW .92.273
22,4. tW 273
= 0,2,918 (Kg/m3).
Lu lng hi ra khi thp: Qhd
g '1
= 943,18 (m3/h).
hd
Chon vn tc hi vao y thp: vhd = 25 (m/s).

ng kinh ng dn hi: dhd =
4.Qhl
3600. .v hl
4.943,18
0,1155 (m).
3600. .25
Suy ra: chon ng kinh ng dn hi: dhd = 0,125 (m).

lhd = 120 (mm).
33
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Bng 3.5. Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn hi vao y thp:
Dt
Db
Dn
D1
Bu lng
db
(mm)
125
Z
(ci)
200
133
235
178
14
16
ng dn cht lng ay thap:

Sut lng cht lng vao ni un:
G1 = 4752,4 (kg/h).
Khi lng ring cua cht lng cht lng vao ni un, tra tai liu tham khao
[4(tp 1)] tW = 108,3oC va x1=0,089: L = 779,24 (kg/m3).
Lu lng cht lng vao ni un: Q L
G '1
= 6,098 (m3/h).
L
Chon vn tc cht lng vao ni un (cht lng t chay vao ni un):

vL = 0,2 (m/s).
ng kinh ng dn cht lng: dL=
4.Q L
3600. .v L
4.6,098
= 0,1(m).
3600. .0,2
Suy ra chon ng kinh ng dn: dL = 0,10 (m).

Tai liu tham khao [4 (tp 2)], chon chiu dai on ng ni ghp mt bich:
lL = 120 (mm).
Bng 3.6. Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn cht lng y thp:
Dt
Db
Dn
D1
Bu lng
db
(mm)
100
Z
(ci)
170
108
205
148
14
16
34
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
ng dn cht lng t ni un (sn phm ay):

Sut lng san phm y: GW = 2000 (kg/h).
Khi lng ring cua san phm y, tra tai liu tham khao [4]
tW= 108,3oC va xW=0,005: W = 778,89 (kg/m3).
Lu lng san phm y: QW
GW
= 2,568 (m3/h).
W
Chon vn tc san phm y (cht lng t chay): vW = 0,12 (m/s).

ng kinh ng dn san phm y:
dW =
4.QW
3600. .vW
4.2,568
=0,087 (m).
3600. .0,12
Suy ra: chon ng kinh ng dn: dW = 0,090 (m).

lW = 110 (mm).
Bng 3.7. Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn sn phm y
Dt
Db
Dn
D1
Bu lng
db
(mm)
90
Z
(ci)
110
57
140
90
12
12
Tai treo va chn :

Tinh trng lng ca toan thap:
Khi lng cua mt bich ghp thn: (thp X18H10T: X18H10T = 7900 (kg/m3)).
m1 =
2
. D 2 Dt .h. X 18 H 10T . 0,98 2 0,85 2 0,0258.7900 = 38,06 (kg).
4
4
Khi lng cua mt mm: (thp X18H10T: X18H10T = 7900 (kg/m3)).

m2 =
.Dt . mm .0,7. X 18 H 10T =

2
.0,852.0,0018.0,7.7900 =5,646(kg).
Khi lng cua thn thp:

m3 =
.(D2ng D2t).Hthn . X18H10T =
. 0,856 2 0,85 2 .7,235.7900

4
35
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
= 459,500 (kg).
Khi lng cua y (np) thp:
m4 = Sy .y . X18H10T = 0,92 . 0,003 . 7900 = 21,804 (kg).
Khi lng cua toan thp: m = 40.m1+20.m2+m3+2.m4=2138,428 (kg).
Suy ra trong lng cua toan thp: P = m.g = 20977,98 (N).
Chn thap:
Chon chn : thp c trn bn chn. Tai trong cho php trn mt chn:
Gc =
20977,98
= 0,5244.104 (N).
4
am bao an toan cho thit b, ta chon: Gc = 0,6.104 (N).
Truc thiet b
Theo ay
thietb
Bng 3.7. Cc kch thc ca chn : (tnh bng mm)

L
B1
B2
160
110
135
195
240
145
10
55
23
Tai treo:
Chon tai treo: tai treo c gn trn thn thp gi cho thp khi b dao
ng trong iu kin ngoi canh. Ta chon bn tai treo, tai trong cho php trn mt
tai treo la Gt = 0,5244.104 (N).
am bao an toan cho thit b, ta chon: Gt = 0,6.104 (N).
Chon tm lot tai treo khi ghp vao thn co kich thc sau:
36
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
+ Chiu dai tm lot: H = 260 (mm).

+ Chiu rng tm lot: B = 140 (mm).
+B day tm lot la 6 (mm).
Bng 3.8. Cc kch thc ca tai treo: (tnh bng mm)

L
B1
100
75
85
155
40
15
18
37
CHNG 4 TNH TON THIT BI TRUYN NHIT

THIT BI PH
4.1
Cn bng nng lng cho h thng
Cn bng nhit lng cho toan thp chng ct:

QF + Q = QW + QD + Qnt + Qm
(IV.1)
Trong o:
Qnt : nhit lng ngng t do hi san phm inh ngng t thanh lng. Chon
hi san phm inh ngng t hoan toan thanh lng.
Qnt = D.(R+1).MD . rD
, (kJ/h).
Xc nh rD (n nhit ho hi cua san phm inh):

Tra tai liu tham khao [4], tD = 81,25oC ta co:
n nhit ho hi cua benzen: rB = 392,64 (kJ/kg).
n nhit ho hi cua toluen: rT = 377,86 (kJ/kg).
Suy ra: rD = rB . x D +(1- x D ).rT = 392,64.0,94 + (1-0,94).377,86
= 391,75 (kJ/kg).
Vy: Qnt = 6,35 .(4,11 + 1) .78,7 . 391,75 = 1000410,78 (kJ/h).
QF : nhit lng do hn hp nhp liu mang vao thp
QF = GF .HF =GF .cF .(tF to )
,(kJ/h)
Chon nhit chun: to = 30oC.
t F t o 100,4 30
65,2 oC , tra tai liu tham khao [4], ta co

2
2
Nhit dung ring cua benzen: cB = 1957,3 (J/kg.).

Nhi t dung ring cua toluen: cT = 1920,8 (J/kg. )
Suy ra: cF =
xF
.cB +(1- x F ).cT
= 0,22 . 1957,3 + (1- 0,22) . 1920,8 = 1928,83 (J/kg.).

Vy: QF = 2500 . 1928,83 . (100,4 - 30) = 339474,08 (kJ/h).
QW : nhit lng do san phm y mang ra t ni un.
38
Chng 4 Tinh toan thit bi truyn nhi t thit bi phu
QW = GW .HW =W .MW.cW .(tW to )
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
,(kJ/h).
t w t o 108,3 30
69,15 oC , tra tai liu tham khao [4], ta co

2
2
Nhit dung ring cua benzen: cB = 1978,04 (J/kg.).

Suy ra: cF =
xw
.cB +(1- x w ).cT = 1938,26 (J/kg. )
Vy: QW = 2000 . 1938,26 .(108,3 - 30) = 303531,5(kJ/h).
QD : nhit lng do san phm inh mang ra t b phn tch hoan lu.
QD = GD .HD =D.MD .cD .(tD to )
,(kJ/h).
t D t o 81,25 30
55,625 oC , tra tai liu tham khao [4], ta co:

2
2
Nhit dung ring cua benzen: cB = 1907,03 (J/kg.)

Suy ra: cD =
xD
.cB +(1- x D ).cT
=0,94 . 1907,03 + (1-0,94). 1878,125 = 1905,55 (J/kg.).

Vy: T (IV.1), ta c:
QD = 500 . 1905,55 .(81,25 - 30) = 48829,72 (kJ/h).
Qm : nhit lng tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh.
Chon: Qm = 0,05.Q
Vy: nhit lng cn cung cp cho ni un y thp:
Q =
1
0,95
.(QW + QD + Qnt QF )
= 0,95 (303531,5 + 48829,72 + 1000410,78 339474,08)

= 779050,44 (kJ/h) = 216,4 (kW).
4.2
Tnh ton thit b ph:
4.2.1 Thit b ngng t sn phm inh:

Chon thit b ngng t v ng loi TH t nm ngang.
39
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
ng truyn nhit c lam bng thp X18H10T, kich thc ng 25x2, chiu
dai ng 1,5 (m)
Chon nc lam lnh i trong ng vi nhit u: t 1 = 30oC, nhit cui: t2=
40oC.
Cc tinh cht ly hoc cua nc lam lnh c tra tai liu tham khao [4] ng
vi nhit trung bnh ttbN =
t1 t 2
= 35oC
2
+ Nhit dung ring: cN = 4,176 (kJ/kg.)

+ Khi lng ring: N = 994,06 (kg/m3)
+ nht ng lc: N = 0,7225.10-3 (N.s/m2)
+ H s dn nhit: N = 0,6257 (W/m.K)
a . Sut lng nc cn dung ngng t san phm inh
GN =
Qnt
1000410,78
= 6,65 (kg/s)
3600.c N .(t 2 t1 ) 3600.4,176.(40 30)
b . Xc nh b mt truyn nhit :
B mt truyn nhit c xc nh theo phng trnh truyn nhit:
Qnt
Ftb = K .t
log
,(m2)
(IV.2)
Vi: + K : h s truyn nhit

+ tlog : nhit trung bnh logarit
Xc nh tlog :
Chon kiu truyn nhit ngc chiu, nn:
t log
(81,25 30) (81,25 40)

45,07
81,25 30
Ln
81,25 40
(K)
Xc nh h s truyn nhit K:
H s truyn nhit K c tinh theo cng thc:
K
1
1
1
rt
N
R
,(W/m2.K)
(IV.3)
Vi: + N : h s cp nhit cua nc trong ng (W/m2.K)
40
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
+ R : h s cp nhit cua hi ngng t (W/m2.K)

+ rt : nhit tr cua thanh ng va lp cu
* Xc nh h s cp nhit cua nc trong ng:
Chon vn tc nc i trong ng: vN = 0,75 (m/s).
S ng trong mt ng nc:
GN
4
6,65
4
.
.
25,75 (ng)
N .d 2 tr .v N 994,06 .0,0212.0,75
Tra bang V.II trang 48 t p 2, chon n = 37 ng

V n tc thc t i trong ng
vN
4G N
4.6,65
0,52 (m/s)
2
N .n. .d tr 994,06. .37.0,0212
Chun s Reynolds :
Re N
v N . d tr . N
0,52.0,021.994,06
15024,4 > 104 : ch chay ri, cng

N
0,7225.10 3
thc xc nh chun s Nusselt co dng:

Nu N 0,021. l . Re N
0 ,8
PrN
0 , 43
.(
PrN 0, 25
)
Prw
Trong o:
+ l: h s hiu chinh ph thuc vao ReN va t l chiu dai ng vi ng kinh
L
1,5
ng: ReN = 15024,4 va d 0,021 50 , nn l =1.

tr
+ PrN : chun s Prandlt cua nc 35oC, nn PrN = 5.
+ Prw : chun s Prandlt cua nc nhit trung bnh cua vch.
Suy ra: Nu N
137,7
Prw
0 , 25
H s cp nhit cua nc trong ng:

N =
Nu N . N 137,7.0,6257 4102,8
0 , 25
0 , 25
d tr
PrN .0,021 PrN
Nhit tai phia nc lam lnh:

q N N .(t w 2 t tbN )
4102,8
PrN
0 , 25
(t w 2 35) (W/m2)
(IV.4).
41
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Vi tw2 : nhit cua vch tip xuc vi nc (trong ng).

* Nhit tai qua thanh ng va lp cu:
qt
t w1 t w 2
, (W/m2).
rt
Trong o:
+ tw1 : nhit cua vch tip xuc vi ru (ngoai ng).
+ rt
t
r1 r2
t
B day thanh ng: t = 2 (mm).

H s dn nhit cua thp khng gi: t = 16,3 (W/m.K)
Nhit tr trung bnh cua lp bn trong ng vi nc sch:
r1 = 1/5000 (m2.K/W)
Nhi t tr lp cu ngoai ng:
r2 = 1/5800 (m2.K/W)
Suy ra: rt = 4,95.10-4 (m2.K/W).
Vy: qt = 4,95.10-4.(tw1 - tw2)
(IV.5)
* H s cp nhit cua hi ngng t:
rR . R . R2
A
1 0,725.4
R .(t D t w1 ).d ng (81,25 t w1 ) 0, 25

3
rR . R . R
R .d ng
3
t: A= 0,725.4
vi [rR] = [J/kg]
Tra hnh V.20, trang 30 [5], h s ph thu c vao cch b tri ng va s ng trn
mi day thng ng la: tb 0,72 (v xp xen k va s ng trong mi day thng
ng la 7 ng).
R tb . 1
n nhit ngng t: rR = rD = 391,75 (kJ/kg)

Nhit tai ngoai thanh ng:
qR = R.(81,25-tw1) = A.(81,25-tw1)0,75
(IV.6).
T (IV.4), (IV.5), (IV.6) ta dung phng php lp xc nh tw1, tw2 :
42
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Chon: tw1 = 50,7oC

Cc tinh cht ly hoc cua ru ngng t c tra tai liu tham khao [4] ng
vi nhit trung bnh ttbD =
t D t w1 78,5 50,7
65,975 oC:
2
2
+ Khi lng ring: R = 829,26 (kg/m3).

+ nht ng lc: R = 0,368.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: R = 0,116 (W/m.K).
rR . R . R2
835,082
Khi o: 1 0,725.4
R .(t D t w1 ).d ng
3
R tb . 1 601,259
T (IV.6): qR = 601,259.(81,25-50,7) = 18368,472 (W/m2).

Xem nhit tai mt mt la khng ng k: qt = qR =18368,472 (W/m2).
T (IV.5), ta co: tw2 = tw1- qt .4,95.10 4 = 41,608oC
Suy ra: ttbw =
t w1 t w 2 50,7 41,608
46,154 oC
=
2
2
Tra tai liu tham khao [4 (tp 1)], Prw = 4

T (IV.4): qN =
41012,8
.(41,608 35) 19169,44 (W/m2).
4 0, 25
Kim tra sai s:

=
qN q R
qR
19169,44 18368,472
18368,472
=4,18% < 5% : thoa.
Vy: tw1 = 50,7oC va tw2 = 41,608oC.

Khi o: N 2901,118 (W/m2.oC).
R 601,259 (W/m2.oC).
T (IV.3):
1
399,54
1
1
4
(W/m2.oC).
4,95.10
2901,118
601,259
T (IV.2), b mt truyn nhit trung bnh:

Ftb
1000410,78.1000
= 15,43 (m2).
3600.399,54.45,07
Suy ra chiu dai ng truyn nhit :
43
L'
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
15,43
5,77
0,025 0,021
(m).
.37.
2
Chon L= 6 (m)
S ng trn ng cho: b = 7 (ng)
Tra bang trang 21, [3] Bc ng: t = 32 (mm) = 0,032 (m)
1.1.1p dung cng thc (V.140), trang 49, [6]:
ng kinh trong cua thit b: D = t.(b-1) + 4dng = 0,3 (m)
Vy : Thit b ngng t san phm inh la thit b truyn nhit v ng gm n
= 37 (ng), dai L= 6 (m).
4.2.2 Thit b lam ngui sn phm inh
Chon thit b lam ngui san phm inh la thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng.
ng truyn nhit c lam bng thp X18H10T
Chon: + Nc lam lnh i trong ng 38x3 (ng trong) vi nhit u: t 1 =
30 C, nhit cui: t2 = 40oC.
o
+ San phm inh i trong ng 57x3 (ng ngoai) vi nhit u: t D = 81,25oC,

nhit cui: tD = 35oC.
Cc tinh cht ly hoc cua nc lam lnh c tra tai liu tham khao [4] ng
vi nhit trung bnh ttbN =
t1 t 2
= 35oC
2
+ Nhit dung ring: cN = 4,176 (kJ/kg.)

+ Khi lng ring: N = 994,06 (kg/m3)
+ nht ng lc: N = 0,7225.10-3 (N.s/m2)
+ H s dn nhit: N = 0,6257 (W/m.K)
Cc tinh cht ly hoc cua san phm inh c tra tai liu tham khao [4] ng
vi nhit trung bnh ttbD =
t D t ' D
81,25 35
58,125 oC
2
2
+ Nhit dung ring: cD= 1,918 (kJ/kg.)

+ Khi lng ring: D = 837,56 (kg/m3)
+ nht ng lc: D = 0,39.10-3 (N.s/m2)
+ H s dn nhit: D = 0,1357 (W/m.K)
44
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
a . Sut lng nc cn dung lam mt san phm inh:

Sut lng san phm inh:
GD = 500 (kg/h) = 0,1389 (kg/s)
Lng nhit cn tai:
Qt = GD.cD.(tD-tD) = 0,1389 . 1918 . (81,25-35) = 12320,49 (J/s) = 12,32 (kJ/s)
Sut lng nc cn dung:
GN =
QD
12,32
= 0,295 (kg/s)
c N .(t 2 t1 ) 4,176.( 40 38)
b . Xc nh b mt truyn nhit
Qt
Ftb = K .t
log
,(m2)
(IV.7).
Vi: + K : h s truyn nhit.

+ tlog : nhit trung bnh logarit.
Xc nh tlog :
t log
(81,255 40) (35 30)

17,18
81,25 40
(K)
Ln
35 30
Xc nh h s truyn nhit K
K
1
1
1
rt
N
D
,(W/m2.K)
(IV.8).
Vi: + N : h s cp nhit cua nc trong ng (W/m2.K).

+ D : h s cp nhit cua san phm inh (W/m2.K).
+ rt : nhit tr cua thanh ng va lp cu.
* Xc nh h s cp nhit cua san phm inh ng ngoai
Vn tc cua san phm inh i trong ng ngoai:
45
vD
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
GD
4
0,1389
4
.
.
0,182 (m/s)
2
2
2
D .( D tr d ng ). 837,56 .(0,051 0,038 2 )
ng kinh tng ng: dtd = Dtr dng = 0,051- 0,038 = 0,013 (m)
Chun s Reynolds :
Re D
v D. d td . D
0,182.0,013.837,56
5081,2 < 104 : ch chay qu ,

D
0,39.10 3
cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt co dng:

Nu D k o . l . PrD
0 , 43
PrD 0, 25
)
Prw1
.(
Trong o:
+ l : h s hiu chinh ph thuc t l chiu dai ng vi ng kinh ng,
chon l =1.
+ ko : h s ph thuc vao chun s Reynolds, ReD = 5081,2 nn
ko = 15,82
+ PrD : chun s Prandlt cua san phm inh 58,125oC, nn
PrD
D .c D
0,39.10 3.1918
= 5,5
D
0,1357
+ Prw1 : chun s Prandlt cua san phm inh nhit trung bnh cua vch.
Suy ra: Nu D
50,426
Prw1
0 , 25
H s cp nhit cua san phm inh trong ng ngoai:

D =
Nu D . D 50,426.0,1357 526,37
0 , 25
0 , 25
d td
Prw1 .0,013 Prw1
Nhit tai phia san phm inh:

q D D .(t tbD t w1 )
525,37
Prw1
0 , 25
(58,125 t w1 ) (W/m2) (IV.9).
Vi tw1 : nhit cua vch tip xuc vi san phm inh (ngoai ng nh).
qt
t w1 t w 2
, (W/m2).
rt
46
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Trong o:
+ tw2 : nhit cua vch tip xuc vi nc (trong ng nh).
+ rt
t
r1 r2
t

H s dn nhit cua thp khng gi: t = 16,3 (W/m.K).
Nhit tr trung bnh cua lp bn trong ng vi nc sch:
r1 = 1/5000 (m2.K/W).
Nhit tr lp cu phia san phm inh: r2 = 1/5800 (m2.K/W).
Suy ra: rt = 5,56.10-4 (m2.K/W).
Vy qt = 1838,768 . (tw1-tw2)
(IV.10).
* Xc nh h s cp nhit cua nc trong ng nh:

Vn tc nc i trong ng:
vN
GN
4
0,295
4
.
.
0,37 (m/s)
2
N .d tr 994,06 .0,032 2
Chun s Reynolds :
Re N
v N . d tr . N
0,37.0,032.994,06
16290,2 > 104 : ch chay ri, cng

N
0,7225.10 3
thc xc nh chun s Nusselt co dng:

Nu N 0,021. l . Re N
0 ,8
PrN
0 , 43
.(
PrN 0, 25
)
Prw 2
Trong o:
+ l : h s hiu chinh ph thuc vao Re N va t l chiu dai ng vi ng
kinh ng: ReN = 16290,2
chon l =1
+ PrN : chun s Prandlt cua nc 35oC, nn PrN = 5.
+ Prw2 : chun s Prandlt cua nc nhit trung bnh cua vch.
Suy ra: Nu N
146,91
Prw 2
0 , 25
H s cp nhit cua nc trong ng:
47
N =
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Nu N . N 146,91.0,6257 2872,55
0, 25
0, 25
d tr
Prw 2 .0,032
Prw 2
Nhit tai phia nc lam lnh:

q N N .(t w 2 t tbN )
2872,55
Prw 2
0 , 25
(t w 2 35) (W/m2)
(IV.11).
Chon: tw1 = 41,1oC

Cc tinh cht ly hoc cua san phm inh c tra tai liu tham khao [4] ng
vi nhit tw1=41,1oC:
+ Nhit dung ring: cR= 1804,929 (J/kg.).
+ nht ng lc: R = 0,461.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: R = 0,1384 (W/moK).
R .c R 0,1384.10 3.1804,929
6,01
Khi o xem:Prw1 =
R
0,1384
526,37
T (IV.9): qD = 6,010, 25 .(58,125 41,1) 5723,32 (W/m2).

Xem nhit tai mt mt la khng ng k: qt = qD = 5723,32 (W/m2).
T (IV.10), ta co: tw2 = tw1 - qt .5,44.10 4 = 37,987oC
Suy ra: ttbw =
t w1 t w 2 42,65 36,069
39,360 oC
=
2
2
Tra tai liu tham khao [4], Prw2 = 4,5

2872,55
T (IV.11): qN = 4,50,25 .(38,987 35) 5890,19 (W/m2).

Kim tra sai s:
=
qN q D
qD
5890,19 5723,32
5723,32
= 2,92% < 5% : thoa.
Vy: tw1 = 41,1oC va tw2 = 37,987oC.

2872,55
Khi o: N 4,50,25 1972,26 (W/m2.oC).

D
526,37
336,17 (W/m2.oC)
6,010, 25
T (IV.8):
1
1
1
5,44.10 4
1072,26
336,17
248,4
(W/m2.oC)
48
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn

Ftb
12320,49
248,4.17,18
= 2,89 (m2)
Suy ra chiu dai ng truyn nhit :

L
2,89
1,38
0,038 0,032
(m).
n .
2
Chon L = 1,5 m va n = 19 ng
L
1,9
Kim tra: d 0,032 59,375 50 th l = 1 (thoa).

tr
ng c b tri theo hnh lc gic u. Chon bc ngang gia 2 ng la 48
(mm) va b = 7 ng
ng kinh trong cua thit b: D = t.(b-1) + 4.dng = 0,44 (m)
Vy: thit b lam mt san phm inh la thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng vi
chiu dai ng truyn nhit L = 1,5 (m), gm 19 ng.
4.2.3 Ni un gia nhit sn phm y
Chon ni un gia nhit san phm y la ni un, ng truyn nhit c lam
bng thp X18H10T, kich thc ng 38x3.
Chon hi t la hi nc 2 at, i trong ng 38x3. Tra tai liu tham khao [4],
ta co:
+ Nhit si: tsN = 119,6oC.
+ n nhit hoa hi: rN = 2208 (kJ/kg).
San phm y trc khi vao ni un co nhit la t 1 = 103,34oC (do x1 =
0,0172), nhit ra la tW = 108,3oC.
a . Sut lng hi nc cn dng
Lng nhit cn tai cung cp cho y thp: Q = 216,4 (kW)
Sut lng hi nc cn dung:
GhN =
Qd
216,4
= 0,098 (kg/s)
rN
2208
b . Xc nh b mt truyn nhit
49
Qd
Ftb = K .t
log
,(m2)
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
(IV.12).
Vi: + K : h s truyn nhit.

+ tlog : nhit trung bnh logarit.
Xc nh tlog :
t log
(119,6 103,34) (119,6 108,3)

13,63
119,6 103,34
Ln
119,6 108,3
(K).
Xc nh h s truyn nhit K:
K
1
1
1
rt
N
D
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.13).
Vi: + N : h s cp nhit cua hi nc (W/m2.K).

+ D : h s cp nhit cua san phm y (W/m2.K).
+ rt : nhit tr cua thanh ng va lp cu.
* Xc nh h s cp nhit cua hi nc:
H s cp nhit cua hi nc c xc nh theo cng thc:
N = 0,725.4
rn . n2 .3n
n . t n t w1 .d tr
(cng thc 3.65 tr 120 [2])
Vi: + tw1 : nhit cua vch tip xuc vi hi nc(trong ng).

Nhit tai phia hi:
q N N .(t sN t w1 ) N .(119,6 t w1 )
(W/m2) (IV.14).

qt
t w1 t w 2
, (W/m2).
rt
Trong o:
+ tw2 : nhit cua vch tip xuc vi san phm y (ngoai ng).
+ rt
t
r1 r2
t
50
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn

H s dn nhit cua thp khng gi: t = 16,3 (W/m.K).
Nhit tr trung bnh cua lp bn trong ng vi nc sch: r 1 = 1/5000
(m .K/W).
2
Nhit tr lp cu phia san phm y: r2 =1/5800(m2.K/W).

Suy ra: rt = 5,56.10-4 (m2.K/W).
* Xc nh h s cp nhit cua san phm y:
H s cp nhit cua san phm y c xc nh theo cng thc (ch si
sui bot)
h .r
0,033
s = 7,77 . 10 .
-2
0,333
0,75.q0,7
. 0,45 0.117 0,37
.c
.Ts
Nhit si trung bnh cua dong san phm ngoai ng:

t1' t w 103,34 108,3
= 105,82oC
2
2
tS
TS = 105,82 + 273 = 378,82 (K)

Ti nhit si trung bnh th:
Khi lng ring cua pha hi trong dong san phm ngoai ng:
h
PM HW
1 90,348
22
,
4
= 2,91(kg/m3)
RTS
(105,82 273)
273
Khi lng ring :

B = 786,016 (kg/m3) (Bang 1.249, trang 310, [4])
T = 781,6 (kg/m3) (Bang 1.2, trang 9, [4])
Nn:
1 xW 1 xW
0,04
0,96
= 781,78 (kg/m3)
B
T
786,016 781,6
nht
B = 2,49.10-4 (N.s/m2) (Bang 1.249, trang 310, [4])
T = 2,6.10-4 (N.s/m2) (Bang 1.101, trang 91, [4])
Nn: lg = xWlgB + (1 - xW)lgT = 0,05.lg(2,49.10-4) + (1 0,05).lg(2,6.10-4)
= 2,59.10-4 (N.s/m2)
51
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
H s dn nhit ;
B = 0,198 (W/m.K) (Bang 1.249, trang 310, [4])
T = 0,114 (W/m.K) (Bang 1.130, trang 134, [4])
p dng cng thc (1.33), trang 123, [5]):
= B. xW + T.(1 - xW) 0,72
xw
.(1 - xW).(B - T) = 0,1197 (W/m.K)
Nhit dung ring :

CB = 2137,46 (J/kg.K) (Bang 1.249, trang 310, [4])
CT = 2087,46 (J/kg.K) (Bang 1.154, trang 172, [4])
Nn: c = cB xW + cT. (1 - xW ) = 2089,46 (J/kg.K)
Sc cng b mt:
B = 18,1.10-3 (N/m) (Bang 1.249, trang 310, [4])
T = 18,79.10-3 (N/m) (Bang 1.242, trang 300, [4])
Nn:
B T
= 9,22.10-3 (N/m)
B T
Nhit hoa hi
rB = 374,092.103 (J/kg) (Bang 1.250, trang 312, [4])
rT = 364,84.103 (J/kg) (Ton 1.65, trang 255, [4])
Nn: r = rN xW + rA. (1 - xW ) = 365,21.103 (J/kg)
3.1.Xc nh h s cp nhit cua hi t trong ng:
p dng cng thc (3.65), trang 120, [4]: n 0,7254
rn . n2 .3n
n .(t n - t W1 ).d tr
Dng php lp: chon tW1 = 119 (oC)

Nhit trung bnh cua mang nc ngng t: tm = (tn + tW1) = 119,3oC
Ti nhit nay th:
Khi lng ring cua nc: n = 943,525 (kg/m3)
nht cua nc: n = 2,34.10-4 (N.s/m2)
H s dn nhit cua nc: n = 0,6862 (W/m.K)
Nn: n = 14060,05 (W/m2.K)
52
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
qn = n (tn tW1) = 8436,03(W/m2)

qt = qn = 8436,03 (W/m2) (xem nhit tai mt mt la khng ng k)
tw2 = tw1 - qtrt = 114,3oC
S = 980,25 (W/m2.K) (vi q = qt)
qS = S (tW2 tS) = 8282,648 (W/m2)
Kim tra sai s:
=
qn qS
qn
100% = 1,82% < 5% (tha)
Kt lun: tw1 = 119 oC va tw2 = 114,3 oC
T (IV.13):
1
607,06
1
1
(W/m2.oC)
4
5,56.10
14060,05
980,25

Ftb
216,4.1000
607,06.13,63
= 26,15 (m2)
Chon s ng truyn nhit: n = 61 (ng).

Chiu dai ng truyn nhit:
L
26,15
3,9
0,038 0,032
(m)
.61.
2
Chon: L = 4 (m)
Vy: ni un gia nhit san phm y la thit b truyn nhit v - ng vi s
ng n = 61, chiu dai ng truyn nhit L = 4 (m).
ng c b tri theo hnh lc gic u. Nn ta co s ng trn ng cho hnh
lc gic: b = 9 (ng). Chon bc ngang gia hai ng: t = 0,048 (m).
ng kinh trong cua thit b: D = t.(b-1)+4.dng = 0,536 (m)
4.2.4 Thit b un si dong nh p li u
Chon thit b un si dong nhp liu la thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng.
ng truyn nhit c lam bng thp X18H10T:
Kich thc ng trong: 38 x 3
53
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Kich thc ng ngoai: 57 x 3

Chon:
Dong nhp liu i trong ng trong vi nhit vao t V = tFV = 25 oC va nhit
ra tR = tFS = 100,4 oC.
Hi ngng t i trong ng ngoai co p sut 1,2 at:
Nhit hoa hi: rH
Nhit si: tH
a)
GN =
2O
2O
= rn = 2249000 (J/kg)
= tn = 104,2 (oC)
Sut lng nc cn dung:
Q E 339747,08
150,94kg / h 0,0419kg / s )
rn
2249
b)
Hiu s nhit trung bnh :

t log
(104,2 25) (104,2 100,4)

104,2 25
Ln
104,2 100,4
c)
= 24,827 (K)
H s truyn nhit :

K
1
1
1
rt
F
n
,(W/m2.K)
Vi:
F : h s cp nhit cua dong nhp liu trong ng (W/m2.K).
n : h s cp nhit cua hi t ngoai ng (W/m2.K).
rt : nhit tr qua thanh ng va lp cu.
Xc nh h s cp nhit cua dong nhp liu trong ng:
Kich thc cua ng trong:

ng kinh ngoai: dn = 38 (mm) = 0,038 (m)
B day ng: t = 3 (mm) = 0,003 (m)
ng kinh trong: dtr = 0,032 (m)
Nhit trung bnh cua dong nhp liu trong ng: tF = (tV + tR) = 62,7 (oC).
54
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Ti nhit nay th:

Khi lng ring cua Benzen: B = 833,165 (kg/m3)
Khi lng ring cua Toluen: T = 825,3 (kg/m3)
Nn:
x
1 xF
1
0,22
1 0,22
F
F = 827,018 (kg/m3)
F
B
T
833,165
825,3
nht cua Benzen: B = 3,8.10-4 (N.s/m2)

nht cua Toluen: T = 3,723.10-4 (N.s/m2)
Nn: lgF = xFlgB + (1 xF)lgT = 0,25.lg(3,8.10-4) + 0,75.lg(3,273.10-4)
F = 3,7459.10-4 (N.s/m2)
H s dn nhit cua Benzen: B = 0,13519 (W/m.K)
H s dn nhit cua Toluen: T = 0,1269 (W/m.K)
Nn: F = N. xF + A.(1 - xF) 0,72 xF.(1 - xF)(N - A) = 0,1276799 (W/m.K)
Nhit dung ring cua Benzen: cB = 1944,175 (J/kg.K)
Nhit dung ring cua toluen: cT = 1910,18 (J/kg.K)
Nn: cF = cN xF + cA. (1 - xF ) = 1918,1425 (J/kg.K)
p dng cng thc (V.35), trang 12, [4]: PrF
cF F
= 5,62376
F
Vn tc cua dong nhp liu i trong ng:

vF
4G F
4 2500
= 1,0446 (m/s)
2
3600 d tr 3600 827,08 0,032 2
Chun s Reynolds :
Re F
v F d tr F 1,0446 0,032 827,08
= 73639,11 > 104 : ch chay ri

F
3,7459.10 4
p dng cng thc (3.27), trang 110, [4] cng thc xc nh chun s
Nusselt:
NuF 0,021. l . Re
0,8
F
0,43
F
Pr
PrF
.
Prw2
0,25
Trong o: 1 h s tinh n anh hng cua h s cp nhit theo t l gia

chiu dai L va ng kinh d cua ng.
Tra bng 3.1, trang 110, [4] chon 1 = 1
55
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
H s cp nhit cua dong nhp liu i trong ng trong: F =
qt
NuF . F
dtr
Nhit tai qua thanh ng va lp cu :
tw1 tw2
, (W/m2).
rt
Trong o:
tw1 : nhit cua vch tip xuc vi hi t, oC
tw2 : nhit cua vch tip xuc vi dong nhp liu, oC
rt
t
r1 r2
t
B day thanh ng: t = 0,003 (m)

H s dn nhit cua thp khng gi: t = 16,3 (W/mK)
Nhit tr lp cu trong ng: r1 = 1/5800 (m2.K/W)
Nhit tr lp cu ngoai ng: r2 =1/5800 (m2.K/W)
Nn: rt = 5,289.10-4 (m2.K/W)
Xc nh h s cp nhit cua hi ngng t ngoai ng :
Kich thc cua ng ngoai:

ng kinh ngoai: Dn = 57 (mm) = 0,057 (m)
B day ng: t = 3 (mm) = 0,003 (m)
ng kinh trong: Dtr = 0,051 (m)
p dng cng thc (3.65), trang 120, [1]: n 0,7254
rn . 2n .g.3n
n .(tn - tW1).dn
Dng php lp: chon tW1 = 102,09 (oC)

Nhit trung bnh cua mang nc ngng t: tm = (tn + tW1) = 103,145 (oC)
Ti nhit nay th:
Khi lng ring cua nc: n = 956,0727 (kg/m3)
nht cua nc: n = 2,74767.10-4 (N.s/m2)
H s dn nhit cua nc: n = 0,682629 (W/m.K)
Nn: n = 15217,95721 (W/m2K)
56
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
qn = n (tn tW1) = 32109,88971 (W/m2)

qt = qn = 32109,88971 (W/m2) (xem nhit tai mt mt la khng ng k)
tw2 = tw1 - qtrt = 85,12 (oC)
Ti nhit nay th:
nht cuaBenzen: B = 3,02221.10-4 (N.s/m2)
Nn: lgW2 = xFlgB + (1 xF)lgT = 0,25.lg(3,0221.10-4) + 0,75.lg(4,7.10-4)
W2 = 3,05604.10-4 (N.s/m2)
H s dn nhit cua Benzen: B = 0,1296169 (W/m.K)
H s dn nhit cua Tluen: T = 0,1219531 (W/m.K)
Nn: W2 = N. xF + A.(1 - xF) 0,72 xF.(1 - xF)(N - A) = 0,122604523
(W/m.K)
Nhit dung ring cua Benzen: cB = 2076,705 (J/kg.K)
Nhit dung ring cua Toluen: cT = 2082,982(J/kg.K)
Nn: cW2 = cN xF + cA. (1 - xF ) = 2014,801(J/kg.K)
p dng cng thc (V.35), trang 12, [4]: PrW2
cW2 W2
= 5,0220918
W2
Nn: NuF = 355,6064494

F = 1418,032391 (W/m2K)
qF =F (tW2 - tF) = 31773,96428 (W/m2)
Kim tra sai s:
=
qn qF
qn
100% = 1,0462 % < 5% (tha)
Kt lun: tw1 = 102,09 oC va tw2 = 85,10707 oC
d)
Xc nh h s truyn nhit :
1
= 769,3406364 (W/m2.K)
1 / 1418,03291 5,289.10 4 1 / 15217,95721
B mt truyn nhit :
57
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn

339474,08 1000
F
F = K .t 3600 769,3406364 24,827 = 4,936912 (m2)
log
e)
Cu to thit b :
Chon n = 3
F
d dtr = 11,231 (m) chon L = 12 (m)
Chiu dai ng truyn nhit: L =
n n
2
L
12
Kim tra: d 0,032 = 375 > 50 l = 1: tha

tr
Kt lun: Thit b un si dong nhp liu la thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng
vi chiu dai ng truyn nhit L = 12 (m), chia thanh 4 day, mi day 3m. ng
kinh trong cua thit b: D = t.(b-1) + 4dng = 0,61 (m)
4.2.5 Bn cao v
Tn tht ng ng dn:
Chon ng dn co ng kinh trong la dtr = 80 (mm)
Tra bng II.15, trang 381, [4]
nhm cua ng: = 0,2 (mm) = 0,0002 (m) (n mon it)
Tn tht ng ng dn:
2
v
l
h1 1 1 1 . F
d1
2g
(m)
Trong o:
1 : h s ma st trong ng ng.
l1 : chiu dai ng ng dn, chon l1 = 30(m).
d1 : ng kinh ng dn, d1 = dtr = 0,08(m).
1 : tng h s tn tht cc b.
vF : vn tc dong nhp liu trong ng dn
Xc nh vn tc dong nhp liu trong ng dn :
Cc tinh cht ly hoc cua dong nhp liu c tra nhit trung bnh:
58
tF =
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
t FV t FS
= 62,7 (oC)
2
Ti nhit nay th:

Nn:
x
1 xF
1
0,22
1 0,22
F
F = 827,02 (kg/m3)
F
N
A
833,165
825,3

nht cua Toluen: T =3,726.10-4 (N.s/m2)
Nn: lgF = xFlgN + (1 xF)lgA
= 0,25.lg(3,8.10-4) + 0,75.lg(3,726.10-4)
F =3,744.10-4 (N.s/m2)
Vn tc cua dong nhp liu i trong ng:
vF
4G F
4 2500
= 0,167 (m/s)
2
3600 F d tr 3600 827,02 0,08 2
Xc nh h s ma st trong ng ng :
Chun s Reynolds :
Re F
v F d tr F
0,167 0,08 827,02
= 29511,18
F
3,726.10 4
Theo tai liu tham khao [4 (tp 1)], ta co:

+ Chun s Reynolds
d
ti hn: Regh1= 6. 1

80
= 6.
0,2
=5648,513
+ Chun s Reynolds khi bt u xut hin vung nhm:

d
Ren1= 220. 1

80
0,2
= 220.
=186097,3
Suy ra: Regh1 < Re1< Ren1: khu vc chay qu , khi o (tai liu tham khao [4
(tp 1)]):
100
1= 0,1. 1,46.
d 1 Re1
0 , 25
0,0296
Xc nh tng h s tn tht cc b :
59
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Ch un cong :
Tra bng II.16, trang 382, [4]:

Chon dng ng un cong 90o co bn kinh R vi R/d = 2 th u1 (1 ch) = 0,15.
ng ng co 6 ch un u1 = 0,15. 6 = 0,9
Van :
Tra bng 9.5, trang 94, [7]:

Chon van cu vi m hoan toan th van (1 ci) = 10.
ng ng co 2 van cu van = 10. 2 = 20
Lu lng k : l1 = 0 (coi nh khng ng k).
Vao thp : thp = 1
Nn: 1 = u1 + van + ll = 21,9
Vy: h1 0,0296 0,08 21,9 . 2 9,81 = 0,0469 (m)
0,167 2
30
Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit bi un si dng nhp liu;

2
v
l
h2 2 2 2 . 2
d2
2g
(m)
Trong o:
2 : h s ma st trong ng ng.
l2 : chiu dai ng ng dn, l2 = 12 (m).
d2 : ng kinh ng dn, d2 = dtr = 0,08(m).
2 : tng h s tn tht cc b.
v2 : vn tc dong nhp liu trong ng dn
Vn tc dong nhp liu trong ng dn :v2 = 1,0446 (m/s)
Xc nh h s ma st trong ng ng :
Chun s Reynolds : Re2 = 73838,04 > 4000: ch chay ri

nhm: = 0,0002
Chun s Reynolds gii hn:
60
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Regh = 6(d1/)8/7 = 5648,513

Chun s Reynolds khi bt u xut hin vung nhm:
Ren = 220(d1/)9/8 = 186097,3
V Regh < Re1 < Ren ch chay ri ng vi khu vc qu .
p dng cng thc (II.64), trang 379, [4]
2 =
100
0,1. 1,46.
d2 Re2
0,25
= 0,0322
Xc nh tng h s tn tht cc b :
Ch U :
Tra bng 9.5, trang 94, [7]: U2 (1 ch) = 2,2

ng ng co (4 1) = 3 ch U U2 = 2,2. 3 = 6,6
t thu :

Fo 0,0322
Khi
= 0,160 th t thu 2 (1ch) = 0,458
F1
0,082
Co 1 ch t thu t thu 1 = 0,458
t m :

Fo 0,0322
Khi
= 0,160 th t m 2 (1ch) = 0,708
F1
0,082
Co 1 ch t m t m 2 = 0,708
Nn: 2 = U2 + t thu 2 + t m 2 = 7,766
Vy: h2 0,0322 0,08 7,766 . 2 9,81 = 0,701 (m)
12
1,0446 2
Chiu cao bn cao vi:

Chon :
Mt ct (1-1) la mt thong cht lng trong bn cao v.
Mt ct (2-2) la mt ct ti v tri nhp liu thp.
61
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Aup dng phng trnh Bernoulli cho (1-1) va (2-2):

z1 +
2
2
P1
P2
v
v
+ 1 = z2 +
+ 2 +hf1-2
F .g
F .g
2. g
2. g
P P v v1
z1 = z2 + 2 1 2
+hf1-2
F .g
2.g
Trong o:
z1: cao mt thong (1-1) so vi mt t, hay xem nh la chiu cao bn cao
v Hcv = z1.
z2: cao mt thong (2-2) so vi mt t, hay xem nh la chiu cao t mt
t n v tri nhp liu:
z2 = hchn + hnp + (Nchng+1) .(h + mm )
= 0,24 + 0,2625 + 9.(0,25 + 0,0018) = 2,6737 (m).
P1 : p sut ti mt thong (1-1), chon P1 = 1 at = 9,81.104 (N/m2)
P2 : p sut ti mt thong (2-2)
Xem P = P2 P1 = nttL .PL = 11. 376,78 = 4144,58 (N/m2)
v1 : vn tc ti mt thong (1-1), xem v1 = 0 (m/s).
v2 : vn tc ti v tri nhp liu, v2 = vF = 0,167 (m/s).
hf1-2 : tng tn tht trong ng t (1-1) n (2-2):
hf1-2 = h1 + h2 = 0,747441 (m)
Vy: Chiu cao bn cao v:
2
P P v v1
Hcv = z2 + 2 1 2
+hf1-2
F .g
2.g
4144,58
= 2,6737+ 827,018 9,81
0,167 2 0
+
2 9,81
0,747441
= 3,933416 (m)
Chon Hcv = 5 (m).
4.2.6 Bm
Nng sut:
Nhit dong nhp liu la tF = 25oC.
62
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Ti nhit nay th:

Nn:
x
1 xF
1
0,22
1 0,22
F
F = 863,97 (kg/m3)
F N
A
873,75 861,25

Nn: lgF = xFlgN + (1 xF)lgA = 0,25.lg(6,05.10-4) + 0,75.lg(5,54.10-3)
F =5,66.10-4 (N.s/m2)
Sut lng th tich cua dong nhp liu i trong ng:
QF
GF
2500
= 2,894 (m3/h)
F 863,97
Vy: chon bm co nng sut Qb = 3 (m3/h)

Ct ap:
Chon :
Mt ct (1-1) la mt thong cht lng trong bn cha nguyn liu.
Mt ct (2-2) la mt thong cht lng trong bn cao v.
p dng phng trnh Bernoulli cho (1-1) va (2-2):
z1 +
2
2
P1
P2
v
v
+ 1 + Hb = z2 +
+ 2 +hf1-2
F .g
F .g
2. g
2. g
Trong o:
z1: cao mt thong (1-1) so vi mt t, chon z1 = 1 m.
z2: cao mt thong (2-2) so vi mt t, z2 = Hcv = 5 m.
P1 : p sut ti mt thong (1-1), chon P1 = 1 at.
P2 : p sut ti mt thong (2-2), chon P2 = 1 at.
v1,v2 : vn tc ti mt thong (1-1) va(2-2), xem v1= v2 = 0(m/s).
hf1-2 : tng tn tht trong ng t (1-1) n (2-2).
Hb : ct p cua bm.
Tinh tng tr lc trong ng:
63
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Chon ng kinh trong cua ng hut va ng y bng nhau: dtr = 50 (mm)

Tra bng II.15, trang 381, [4]
nhm cua ng: = 0,2 (mm) = 0,0002 (m) (n mon it)
Tng tr lc trong ng hut va ng y
2
v
lh l
h . F
hf1-2 =
dtr
2g
Trong o:
lh : chiu dai ng hut.
Chiu cao hut cua bm:
Tra bng II.34, trang 441, [4] hh = 4,5 (m) Chon lh = 6 (m).
l : chiu dai ng y, chon l = 15 (m).
h : tng tn tht cc b trong ng hut.
: tng tn tht cc b trong ng y.
: h s ma st trong ng hut va ng y.
vF : vn tc dong nhp liu trong ng hut va ng y (m/s).
vF
4Qb
43
= 0,425 (m/s)
2
3600d tr 3600 0,05 2
Xc nh h s ma st trong ng hut va ng y :
Chun s Reynolds :
Re F
v F d tr F
0,425 0,05 863,97
= 32408,67
F
5,66.10 4
Chun s Reynolds gii hn:

Regh = 6(d1/)8/7 = 3301,065
Chun s Reynolds khi bt u xut hin vung nhm:
Ren = 220(d1/)9/8 = 109674,3
V Regh < Re1 < Ren ch chay ri ng vi khu vc qu .
p dng cng thc (II.64), trang 379, [4]:
2 =
100
0,1. 1,46.
d2 Re2
0,25
= 0,031
64
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Xc nh tng tn tht cc b trong ng hut :
Ch un cong :
ng hut co 2 ch un u1 = 0,15. 2 = 0,3
Van :
Chon van cu vi m hoan toan th v1 (1 ci) = 10.
ng hut co 1 van cu v1 = 10
Nn: h = u1 + v1 = 10,3
Xc nh tng tn tht cc b trong ng y :
Ch un cong :
ng y co 4 ch un u2 = 0,15. 4 = 0,6
Van :
Chon van cu vi m hoan toan th v2 (1 ci) = 10.
ng y co 1 van cu v2 = 10
Vao bn cao vi : cv = 1
Nn: = u1 + v1 + cv = 11,6
68
Vy: hf1-2 = 0,031 0,05 10,3 11,6 . 2 9,81 =0,281 (m)
0,425 2
Tinh ct p cua bm:
Hb = (z2 z1) + hf1-2 = (5 1) +0,821= 4,821 (m)

Cng sut:
Chon hiu sut cua bm: b = 0,8.
65
CBHD: Vu Trng Sn
Cng sut thc t cua bm:

Nb =
Qb H b F .g 3 4,821 863,97 9,81
= 42,1702 (W) = 0,0566 (Hp).

3600. b
3600 0,8
Kt lun: am bao thp hot ng lin tc ta chon 2 bm ly tm loi XM,

co:
- Nng sut: Qb = 3 (m3/h)
- Ct p: Hb = 4,821(m)
Cng sut: Nb = 0,0566 (Hp)
66
KT LUN
Sau thi gian nghin cu, em a tm hiu va hoc tp c cc vn :
+ Thit k c thp chng ct benzen toluen tng i hoan chinh khi bit
trc nng sut, nng nhp liu va nng , thu hi cua san phm inh.
+ Tinh ton tng i chi tit qu trnh lam vic cua thit b va kha nng chu
bn cua thit b v tinh n mon c hoc va ho hoc, cung nh iu kin lam vic cua
thit b.
+ Thit b co u im la nng sut cao, hot ng n nh.
+ Tuy nhin, khi v n hanh
Ta cn chu y v chinh xc cao, cc vn an toan lao ng trnh cc rui
ro co th xay ra, gy thi t hi v ngi va cua.
67
TI LIU THAM KHAO

[1] . V Vn Ban, Vu B Minh, Qua trinh va thit bi cng ngh hoa hc,
truyn khi (tp 3) Trng i Hoc Bch Khoa TP.HCM.
[2] . Phm Vn Bn, Vu B Minh, Hoang Minh Nam, Qua trinh va thit bi
cng ngh hoa hc, Vi d va bai tp (tp 10) - Trng i Hoc Bch Khoa
TP.HCM.
[3] . Phm Vn Bn, Nguyn nh Tho, Qua trinh va thit bi cng ngh hoa
hc, Qua trinh va thit bi truyn nhit (tp 5), Nha xut ban i Hoc Quc Gia
TP.HCM.
[4] . Trn Xoa, Nguyn Trong Khung,S tay qua trinh va thit bi cng ngh
hoa cht tp 1 Nha xut ban khoa hoc va ky thut.
[5] . Trn Xoa, Nguyn Trong Khung, Phm Xun Toan, S tay qua trinh va
thit bi cng ngh hoa cht tp 2, Nha xut ban khoa hoc va ky thut.
[6] . H L Vin, Thit k va tinh toan cac chi tit thit bi hoa cht, Nha
xut ban khoa hoc va ky thut Ha Ni 1978.
[7]. Trn Hung Dung Nguyn Vn Lc Hoang Minh Nam Vu B Minh,
Qua trinh va thit bi trong cng ngh hoa hc tp 1, quyn 2: Phn ring bng
khi ng, lc ly tm, bm, qut, may nn, tinh h thng ng ng, Nha xut ban
i Hoc Quc Gia TP.HCM.
68

Đồ Án Benzen Toluen Tháp Mâm Xuyên l ỗ Có Ống Chảy Chuyền

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Đồ Án Benzen Toluen Tháp Mâm Xuyên l ỗ Có Ống Chảy Chuyền

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MC LC

Ly thuyt v chng ct................................................................................1

Phng php chng ct.......................................................................1

Thit b chng ct................................................................................2

Gii thi u v nguyn li u............................................................................3

Benzen & Toluen.................................................................................3

Cc phng thc iu ch...................................................................4

Hn hp benzen toluen :...................................................................5

S quy trnh cng ngh...................................................................5

Thuyt minh quy trnh:........................................................................6

CHNG 2 CN BNG VT CHT....................................................................8

Cc thng s ban u..................................................................................8

Xc nh sut lng san phm inh va san phm y.................................8

Xc nh ti s hoan lu thich hp.............................................................10

CHNG 3 TNH TON THIT K THP CHNG CT..............................15

ng kinh thp (Dt)................................................................................15

Chiu cao thp chng ct..........................................................................20

giam p cua pha khi qua mt mm...............................................21

giam p qua mm kh..................................................................21

giam p do chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm............................22

giam p do sc cng b mt.........................................................23

Kim tra ngp lt khi thp hot ng :......................................................25

Kich thc ng chay chuyn:....................................................................26

Tinh ton c khi cua thp..........................................................................27

B day thn thp................................................................................27

3.4.2.1 Bich ghp thn, y va np................................................................29

Cn bng nng lng cho h thng...........................................................38

Tinh ton thit b ph:...............................................................................39

Thit b ngng t san phm inh:......................................................39

Thit b lam ngui san phm inh......................................................44

Ni un gia nhit san phm y.........................................................49

Thit b un si dong nh p li u..........................................................53

CHNG 1 TNG QUAN V QU TRINH CHNG

Chng ct la qu trnh dung tch cc cu t cua hn hp lng cung nh hn

Phng php chng ct

Cc phng php chng ct c phn loi theo :

an Qua trinh va Thit bi hoa cht

Chng 1 Tng quan v qua trinh chng ct

Nguyn tc lam vic: da vao nhit si cua cc cu t, nu nhit

an Qua trinh va Thit bi hoa cht

Chng 1 Tng quan v qua trinh chng ct

- Hiu sut kh cao.

- Do co hiu ng thanh hiu - Khng lam vic c

- n nh khng cao, kho

Gii thi u v nguyn li u

1.2.1 Benzen & Toluen

Khi lng phn t: 78,11

Ti trong (20oC): 0,879

an Qua trinh va Thit bi hoa cht

Chng 1 Tng quan v qua trinh chng ct

Nhit si: 80C

Nhit nong chay: 5,5C

i t ngun thin nhin

Thng thng cc hydrocacbon it c iu ch trong phong thi nghim, v

ong vong va dehydro hoa ankan

Cc ankan co th tham gia ong vong va dehydro hoa to thanh hydro

Dehydro hoa cc cycloankan

Cc cycloankan co th b dehydro hoa nhit cao vi s co mt cua

an Qua trinh va Thit bi hoa cht

Chng 1 Tng quan v qua trinh chng ct

T benzen ta co th iu ch c cc dn xut cua benzen nh toluen

51,1 61,9 71,2 79

108,3 106,1 102,2

98,6 95,2 92,1 89,4 86,8 84,4 82,3 80,2