Activity 29 Archimedes PrincipleBuoyant Force PS-2826

Archimedes PrincipleBuoyant Force

Fluid mechanics: Archimedes principle !uoyant "orce volume #$% setup "ile: buoyancy
Qty Equipment and Materials Part Number
& PASP'() %plorer #$% PS-2**2
& PASP'() Force Sensor PS-2&*+
& Basic ,alorimetry Set -metal o!.ects/ )0-8112
& $ar3e Base and Support (od 45-9611
& (od +1 cm 45-8266
& 0ou!le (od ,lamp 45-9826
& 'ver"lo7 ,an S5-8168
& Balance S5-8226
*86 m Braided Physics Strin3 S5-8*1*
& Bea9er 21* m$ -or e:uivalent/
& $ ;ater at room temperature
& m$ $i:uid deter3ent
Purpose
The purpose of this activity is to investigate the relationship between the buoyant force on objects
immersed in water and the amount of the water the objects displace when submerged.
Background
You know from experience that some objects float in water and other
objects sink. Many people say that heavy objects sink while light
objects float. !owever a heavy supertanker floats while a light penny
sinks to the bottom of a bowl of water. There must be more to the
reason why some objects float and others sink than just the weight of
the object.
"rchimedes #$%& to $'' (.).* lived in +yracuse on the island of +icily
and is considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians of all time.
,ne of his discoveries is that an object submerged in a fluid displaces a
volume of the fluid that is e-ual to the volume of the object.
.hen an object is submerged in a fluid the fluid applies a buoyant
force on the object. /f the object weighs less than the buoyant force on
it it rises. /f the object weighs more than the buoyant force it sinks.
"rchimedes discovered a relationship between the weight of the li-uid displaced by the submerged
object and the amount of buoyant force on the object.
Prediction
!ow would the buoyant force on a fully submerged object compare to the weight of the water
displaced by the object0
<ntroductory Physics 7ith the %plorer #$% = 2**6 PASCO p8 2&&
Archimedes
Activity 29 Archimedes PrincipleBuoyant Force PS-2826
Preie!
1se a 2orce +ensor to measure the buoyant force on a fully submerged object. 1se the 3plorer
453 to record and display the force. Measure the weight of the water displaced by the
submerged object and compare the buoyant force to the weight of the displaced water.
"a#ety Precaution
2ollow all directions for using the e-uipment.
Procedure
$%& "etup
'. Turn on the 453 # * and open the 453 setup file labeled buoyancy. #)heck the
"ppendix at the end of this activity.*
The file is set to measure force at '6 times per second
#'6 !7*. The file has a 8igits display of 2orce pull
positive #9* and shows the force with three digits to
the right of the decimal point.
$. ,pen the 8igits screen. :ress to go to the !ome
+creen. 1se the arrow keys to select 8igits and press
to activate your choice.
The 8igits screen shows 2orce push positive #9*.
;. :lug a :"+), 2orce +ensor into a sensor port on the top of the 3plorer 453.
Equipment "etup
'. Mount the 2orce +ensor so its hook is
down. Tie a piece of string to the first
object.
$. +et up the beaker below the spout of the
overflow can. 2ill the overflow can with
room temperature water until it begins to
overflow into the beaker. "dd a few
drops of li-uid detergent to reduce the
waters surface tension.
;. .ait for the dripping from the overflow
spout to stop and then empty and dry the
beaker.
<ntroductory Physics 7ith the %plorer #$% = 2**6 PASCO p8 2&2
Fig' () Equipment setup
Fig' *) +Force, pull positie
Activity 29 Archimedes PrincipleBuoyant Force PS-2826
-ecord .ata
9,T<= The procedure is easier if one person handles the e-uipment and a second person
handles the 3plorer 453.
Measure and record the mass of the empty beaker and place the beaker under the spout of
the overflow can.
First Object
'. :ress the ><?, button on the 2orce +ensor to 7ero the sensor.
$. !ang the first object from the sensors hook. :ress +tart # * on the 453 to start
recording data.
;. ?ecord the dry weight of the first object in the 8ata Table in the 5ab ?eport.
@. ?earrange the 2orce +ensor and object so the object is fully submerged in the water.
(e sure that the displaced water is caught in the beaker that is below the spout on the
overflow can.
A. .ait for the water to stop dripping from the spout and the record the wet weight of the
object in the 8ata Table. :ress to stop data recording.
B. Measure and record the mass of the beaker plus the displaced water.
&. 5ift the object from the overflow can and remove the object from the sensor.
%. <mpty the beaker and dry it.
Other Objects
'. ?efill the overflow can as before.
$. :ress the ><?, button on the 2orce +ensor to 7ero the sensor. !ang the new object from
the sensors hook.
;. ?epeat the data recording procedure for each new object.
Analysis
)alculate the buoyant force for each object. The buoyant force is the weight of the object in air
minus the weight of the object when it is submerged in water.
)alculate the mass of the displaced water by subtracting the mass of the empty beaker from the
mass of the beaker plus the displaced water.
)alculate the weight of the displaced water by multiplying the mass in kilograms by C.% newtons
per kilogram #C.% 9Dkg*.
9ote= :ress to return to the !ome +creen and press to open the )alculator. You can use
the )alculator to calculate the weight of the water.
-ecord your results and ans!er the questions in the %ab -eport section'
<ntroductory Physics 7ith the %plorer #$% = 2**6 PASCO p8 2&6
Activity 29 Archimedes PrincipleBuoyant Force PS-2826
Appendi/) 0pening a $%& File
To open a specific 453 file go to the !ome +creen # *. /n
the !ome +creen select 8ata 2iles and press to activate
your choice. /n the 8ata 2iles screen use the arrow keys to
navigate to the file you want. :ress to open the file.
:ress the !ome button to return to the !ome +creen. :ress
to open the 4raph.
<ntroductory Physics 7ith the %plorer #$% = 2**6 PASCO p8 2&+
Activity 29 Archimedes PrincipleBuoyant Force PS-2826
%ab -eport Actiity (1) Archimedes PrincipleBuoyant Force
Name 22222222222222222222222222222222 .ate 22222222222
Prediction
!ow would the buoyant force on a fully submerged object compare to the weight of the water
displaced by the object0
.ata 3able
4tem 5alue
4ass o" empty !ea9er
(un
Dry Weight (N) Wet Weight (N) Buoyant Force
(N)
Mass of Water
(kg)
Weight of
Water (N)
Percent
Diference
1
2
3
6alculations
)alculate the mass of water by subtracting the mass of the empty beaker from the mass of the
displaced water.
)alculate the weight of the water by multiplying the water by C.% 9Dkg.
)alculate the percent difference between the
buoyant force and the weight of displaced
water.
Questions
'. 2or each object why is there a difference between the dry weight and the wet weight0
$. 2or each run how does the weight of the displaced water compare to the buoyant force0
<xplain why you think this happens.
<ntroductory Physics 7ith the %plorer #$% = 2**6 PASCO p8 2&1

%diff =
Wt. of water - Buoyant Force
Buoyant Force
100
Activity 29 Archimedes PrincipleBuoyant Force PS-2826
;. "rchimedes :rinciple of 2loating ,bjects is as follows=
The buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.
!ow do your results compare to this statement0
@. 8o your results support your prediction0
<ntroductory Physics 7ith the %plorer #$% = 2**6 PASCO p8 2&6