ECE 482

Homework Assignment #1
Assigned : Monday, Sep. 3, 2012
Due: Monday, Sep. 10, 2012
Fall Semester 2012

Prof. N. Shanbhag

1. Consider the inverters voltage transfer curve (VTC) shown in Fig. 1.1:
Vout
Slope = -2.5

VOH

VOL
Vin
VIL

VOL

VOH

VIH

Fig. 1.1
Assume
1.0 ,
0 and the output transition behavior is linearly approximated with the slope of and
to maximize noise margin, that is to maximize
,
.
2.5. Determine
b) Assume that two identical inverters with the VTC of Fig. 1.1 are cascaded to construct a non-inverting buffer.
1.0 ,
0 ,
0.2 and
0.6 . Sketch the composite VTC of this
Assume further that
buffer.
a)

2. Recall the operation of a ring oscillator.

a)

Consider a 5-stage ring oscillator consisting of five identical minimum-sized (1x) inverters with the timing
0.6 ,
0.4
when driving another minimum-sized inverter. Determine the
parameters:
frequency of oscillation.
b) Consider the ring oscillator in Fig. 1.2. Determine its frequency of oscillation.

1x

1x

1x
A

1x

1x

1x

1x
D

Fig. 1.2

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Copyright 2012, Naresh R. Shanbhag

3. The process parameters of a PMOS transistor are given by :

10

25,

0.8

a) Determine the body-effect coefficient ( , Fermi potential F ), and zero-bias threshold voltage ( ) at
room temperature (T=300K). Use the other physical constants from the text book.
b) Assume
1.2 and F and
are independent of
. By how much should the bulk doping
concentration ( ) needs to be changed in order to reduce the zero-bias threshold voltage ( ) by 0.1 , i.e.,
determine .
1.2 . The threshold voltage of this PMOS transistor is to be reduced by 0.1 via
c) Assume
is needed?
channel implant. What type of ion and what implant concentration
1.2 . The threshold voltage of this PMOS transistor needs to be reduced by 0.1 by applying
d) Assume
is needed?
an appropriate bulk voltage ( ). What value of

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Copyright 2012, Naresh R. Shanbhag