Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Schrdinger
=
:
: Hamilton
-h2
82m
:
,
:
2 : e
-?
Schrdinger
-h2
82m
z
r = z
r : e
:
:
r = y
y
r = x
(r,,) = R(r) () ()
R(r) :
() () :
Schrdinger
Bohr
E=
-22me4Z2
n2h2
( Bohr)
n, l, ml
e .
Bohr
.
n
1
2
2
2
1
l ml
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
3
1
0
1
3
1
3
3/2
Zr
exp
3/2
2Zr
3/2
2
Z
3/2
2
Z
2
3/2
Zr
Zr
Zr
exp -
1/2
4
Zr
exp -
exp exp -
Zr
Zr
Zr
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1s
2s
2pz
2px
2py
3
3
3
3
3
l ml
2
2
0
1
2 -1
2
2
2
2
1
930
1
930
1
930
1
930
1
930
3/2
3/2
3/2
3/2
3/2
4Z2r2
4Z2r2
9
4Z2r2
9
4Z2r2
9
4Z2r2
9
Zr
exp 3
Zr
exp 3
Zr
exp 3
Zr
exp 3
Zr
exp 3
15
16
15
4
15
4
15
4
15
4
1/2
(32 1)
1/2
()
1/2
()
1/2
(22)
1/2
(22)
3dz2
3dxz
3dyz
3dx2-y2
3dxy
4r2R2(r)dr
* 99%
200 pm
500 pm
1000 pm
H , R(r)
.
()()
.
|n, l, ml> e
n, l, ml : e
: nlml
| 1, 0, 0 > - 1, 0, 0 1s
| 2, 0, 0 > - 2, 0, 0 2s
| 1, 1, 1 > - 1, 1, 1 2px
| 2, 1, -1 > - 2, 1, -1 2py
(n = 1, 2, 3, ).
En =
(2,18x10-18J)2
n2
, L, M, N, .
(l = 0, 1, 2, 3, ,n-1)
s, p, d, f, g,
..
s sharp
p principal
d diffuse
f fundamental
g,
ml
(ml : = -l,.., 0, ..l)
2l + 1 .
d
ml : 1
: x
0 -1
z y
ml :
2
1
: x2-y2 xz
0 -1 -2
z2 yz xy
ms
spin
(ms : = -1/2 1/2)
V=-e2/r
3s , 3p, 3d V =
2s , 2p
1s V =
-42me4
9h2
-2me4
h2
42me4
h2
V=
.
.
Bohr