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HIV (AIDS).
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VSEPR
(Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion)
,
.
Coulomb e .
e
>> > -
* :
,
.
.
Cl Be Cl
Cl
Be
Cl
2 e
Cl
Cl
Cl B Cl
3 e
B
Cl
Cl
H
H
H C H
C
H
H
H
4 e
Cl
Cl
Cl P Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl
5 e
Cl
Cl
F
F
S
F
F
F
F
F
F
S
F
F
F
6 e
H O
H
H H
N
H N H
H H
H
H
H
O
H C
N
H
N H
VSEPR
1. Lewis
2.
3. e
4. VSEPR
5. VSEPR
e
.
5 e
32
23
= e,
6 e
42
33
sp3
s p .
sp3 .*
* 1:
** 2:
sp3
sp3
sp3
sp3
!!
.
:
^ = 109,28o)
, CH4 ( C-H HCH
C : 1s2 : 2s2, 2px1, 2py1
2 C-H !
sp3 C
25% s
75% p
4
( sp3 C s AO )
H s AO
sp3
sp3
H
s AO
109,28
C sp3
H s AO
sp3
H
s AO
sp2
s p .
sp2 .
3 x sp2
:
^ = 120
, BF3 -H HH
1s2
2s1,
2px
3 sp2
1,
2py1
sp2 BF3
33,3% s
66,6% p
3 F3
( sp2 B p AO F)
F
p
sp2
sp2
120
sp2
( 2 sp2 C)
H
C
( 2 p C)
C
H
H
C
H
C
H
sp
s p .
sp .
sp
sp
2 x sp
:
^ = 180
, BeCl2 -Cl CleCl
e : 1s2 : 2s2
Be :
1s2
2s1,
2 sp
2px
sp e BeCl2
50% s
50% p
2 eCl2
( sp Be p AO Cl)
180
Cl
Be
Cl
( 2 sp C)
( 2 p C)
H
H
H
( 2 p C)
-
VA
VIA
NH3 (107.3)
H2O (104.5)
PH3 (93.8)
H2S (93.8)
AsH3 (91.8)
H2Se (91.0)
SbH3 (91.3)
H2Te (89.5)
e:
>> > -
: , NH3
% p
sp
180
sp2
120
sp3
90
100
75
50
% p
: , CH3Cl
^
^
CCl=108,
HCH=111
: sp3
8 e.
: , PCl5
P : [Ne] 3s1,3px1,3py1,3pz1,3dz21
5 sp3d
sp3d
5 X sp3d
: , SF6
a
S : [Ne] 3s1,3px1,3py1,3pz1,3dz21,3dx2-y21
6 sp3d2
sp3d2
O
-
C
O
-2/3
O
-2/3
-2/3
LCAO-MO
3
(3 sp2 C p AO )
O
O
C
O
(p AO C p AO )
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
-
C
O
C
O
: , C6H6
C
C
: , 2H6