Design Problems

DP 1-1
The voltage may be as large as 20(1.25) = 25 V and the current may be as large as (0.008)(1.25)
= 0.01 A. The element needs to be able to absorb (25 V)(0.01 A) = 0.25 W continuously. A
Grade B element is adequate, but without margin for error. Specify a Grade B device if you trust
the estimates of the maximum voltage and current and a Grade A device otherwise.
DP 1-2

p ( t ) = 20 1 e8t 0.03 e8t = 0.6 1 e8t e8t

Here is a MATLAB program to plot p(t):

Here is the plot:

clear
t0=0;
tf=1;
dt=0.02;
t=t0:dt:tf;

%
%
%
%

initial time
final time
time increment
time

v=20*(1-exp(-8*t));
i=.030*exp(-8*t);

% device voltage
% device current

for k=1:length(t)
p(k)=v(k)*i(k);
end

% power

plot(t,p)
xlabel('time, s');
ylabel('power, W')

The circuit element must be able to absorb 0.15 W.

1-9

Problems
Section 1-2 Electric Circuits and Current Flow
P1.2-1

i (t ) =

d
4 1 e5t = 20 e5t A
dt

P1.2-2

t
t
t
t
4
4
q ( t ) = i ( ) d + q ( 0 ) = 4 1 e 5 d + 0 = 4 d 4 e 5 d = 4 t + e 5t C
0
0
0
0
5
5

P1.2-3
q ( t ) = i ( ) d + q ( 0 ) = 4sin 3 d + 0 =
t

4
4
4
t
cos 3 0 = cos 3 t + C
3
3
3

P1.2-4
q ( t ) = i ( ) d = 0 d = 0 C for t 2 so q(2) = 0.
t

q ( t ) = i ( ) d + q ( 2 ) = 2 d = 2
t

2
t

2
t

4
t

4
t

= 2t4 C for 2 t 4. In particular, q(4) = 4 C.

q ( t ) = i ( ) d + q ( 4 ) = 1 d + 4 =

t
4

+ 4 = 8t C for 4 t 8. In particular, q(8) = 0 C.

q ( t ) = i ( ) d + q ( 8 ) = 0 d + 0 = 0 C for 8 t .

P1.2-5

dq( t )
i (t ) =
dt

i(t ) = 2

2( t 2 )
2e

t <0
0<t < 2
t >2

P1.2-6

i = 600 A = 600

C
s

C
s
mg
Silver deposited = 600 20 min60
1.118
= 8.05105 mg=805 g
s
min
C

1-2

Section 1-3 Systems of Units

P1.3-1
q = i t =

( 4000 A )( 0.001 s )

= 4C

P1.3-2
i=

q 45 109
=
= 9 106 = 9 A
3
t
5 10

P1.3-3
electron
C

19
1.602
10
=

i = 10 billion

s
electron

9 electron
19
10
10
1.602
10

s
electron
electron
C
= 1010 1.602 1019
electron
s
C
= 1.602 109 = 1.602 nA
s

Section 1-5 Power and Energy

P1.5-1
a.) q =

i dt = it = (10 A )( 2 hrs )( 3600s/hr ) = 7.210

b.) P = v i = (110 V )(10 A ) = 1100 W

c.) Cost =
P1.5-2

0.06$
1.1kW 2 hrs = 0.132 $
kWhr

P = ( 6 V )(10 mA ) = 0.06 W
t =

w
200 Ws
=
= 3.33103 s
P
0.06 W

1-3

Section 1-3 Systems of Units

P1.3-1
q = i t =

( 4000 A )( 0.001 s )

= 4C

P1.3-2
i=

q 45 109
=
= 9 106 = 9 A
3
t
5 10

P1.3-3
electron
C

19
1.602
10
=

i = 10 billion

s
electron

9 electron
19
10
10
1.602
10

s
electron
electron
C
= 1010 1.602 1019
electron
s
C
= 1.602 109 = 1.602 nA
s

Section 1-5 Power and Energy

P1.5-1
a.) q =

i dt = it = (10 A )( 2 hrs )( 3600s/hr ) = 7.210

b.) P = v i = (110 V )(10 A ) = 1100 W

c.) Cost =
P1.5-2

0.06$
1.1kW 2 hrs = 0.132 $
kWhr

P = ( 6 V )(10 mA ) = 0.06 W
t =

w
200 Ws
=
= 3.33103 s
P
0.06 W

1-3

P1.5-3

for 0 t 10 s:

v = 30 V and i =

30
t = 2t A P = 30(2t ) = 60t W
15

25
t + b v (10 ) = 30 V b = 80 V
5
v (t ) = 5t + 80 and i (t ) = 2t A P = ( 2t )( 5t + 80 ) = 10t 2 +160t W
for 10 t 15 s: v ( t ) =

30
t +b A
10
b = 75 i (t ) = 3t + 75 A

for 15 t 25 s: v = 5 V and i (t ) =
i (25) = 0

P = ( 5 )( 3t + 75 ) = 15t + 375 W

Energy = P dt =
= 30t

2 10
0

10

60t dt + 10 (160t 10t 2 ) dt + 15 ( 37515t ) dt

15

15

25

25

+ 80t 2 10 t 3 + 375t 15 t 2 = 5833.3 J

3 10
2 15

1-4

P1.5-4
a.) Assuming no more energy is delivered to the battery after 5 hours (battery is fully
charged).
5( 3600 )
t
5 ( 3600 )
0.5
0.5 2

w = Pdt = 0 vi d = 0
d
t
=
+
2 11 +

22

3600 0
3600

= 441 103 J = 441 kJ

b.) Cost = 441kJ

1 hr
10

= 1.23
3600s kWhr

P1.5-5

1
1
1
p ( t ) = v ( t ) i ( t ) = ( 4 cos 3 t ) sin 3 t = ( sin 0 + sin 6 t ) = sin 6 t W
6
12
6
1
p ( 0.5 ) = sin 3 = 0.0235 W
6
1
p (1) = sin 6 = 0.0466 W
6
Here is a MATLAB program to plot p(t):
clear
t0=0;
tf=2;
dt=0.02;
t=t0:dt:tf;

%
%
%
%

v=4*cos(3*t);
i=(1/12)*sin(3*t);

% device voltage
% device current

for k=1:length(t)
p(k)=v(k)*i(k);
end

% power

initial time
final time
time increment
time

plot(t,p)
xlabel('time, s');
ylabel('power, W')

1-5

P1.5-6

p ( t ) = v ( t ) i ( t ) = ( 8sin 3 t )( 2sin 3 t ) = 8 ( cos 0 cos 6 t ) = 8 8cos 6 t

Here is a MATLAB program to plot p(t):

clear
t0=0;
tf=2;
dt=0.02;
t=t0:dt:tf;

%
%
%
%

initial time
final time
time increment
time

v=8*sin(3*t);
i=2*sin(3*t);

% device voltage
% device current

for k=1:length(t)
p(k)=v(k)*i(k);
end

% power

plot(t,p)
xlabel('time, s');
ylabel('power, W')

1-6

P1.5-7

p ( t ) = v ( t ) i ( t ) = 4 1 e2 t 2 e2 t = 8 1 e2 t e2 t

Here is a MATLAB program to plot p(t):

clear
t0=0;
tf=2;
dt=0.02;
t=t0:dt:tf;

%
%
%
%

initial time
final time
time increment
time

v=4*(1-exp(-2*t));
i=2*exp(-2*t);

% device voltage
% device current

for k=1:length(t)
p(k)=v(k)*i(k);
end

% power

plot(t,p)
xlabel('time, s');
ylabel('power, W')

P1.5-8

P = V I =3 0.2=0.6 W
w = P t = 0.6 5 60=180 J

1-7