- , ...

,
Japan International Cooperation
Agency

Kitakyushu International Center KIC Kyushu, Japan

Promotion of Cleaner Production for
Southeast European Countries in
2012

()

119

100
63
46

2010

2010

2010

2007

UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)

1990

1-
2-

10-

9-
8-

3-

7-

4-

5-
6-

R&D
ZD activities

S
KAIZEN

TPM
QC circle

EcoAction21
ISO14,000

CO2,
NOx,
SOx


:
,
,
(
),
,

.



,
(, , ,
, .)

, ,
,

.

.


!

:

15 000

Iceland
Norway
Finland
Qatar
Canada
Sweden
Kuwait
Luxembourg
United States
United Arab Emirates
Bahrain
Cayman Islands
Australia
Taiwan
Guam
New Zealand
Bermuda
Japan
Belgium
Virgin Islands
Singapore
Korea, South
Switzerland
Austria
France
Netherlands
Aruba
Russia
Brunei
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Jersey
Spain
Slovenia
Germany
New Caledonia
Hong Kong
Denmark
Israel
Ireland
Czech Republic
European Union
Macau
Bahamas, The
Trinidad and Tobago
United Kingdom
Faroe Islands
Puerto Rico
Estonia
Saudi Arabia
Italy
Greece
Cyprus
Gibraltar
Greenland
South Africa
Slovakia
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Malta
Portugal
Netherlands Antilles
Macedonia
Croatia
Montserrat
Kazakhstan
Bulgaria
Hungary
Malaysia
Azerbaijan
Barbados
Libya
Poland
Oman
Ukraine
Belarus
Venezuela
Suriname
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Lithuania
Latvia
Chile
Niue
World
American Samoa
China
Tajikistan
Argentina
Kosovo
Cook Islands
Seychelles
Iran
Romania
Jamaica
Thailand
Nauru
Lebanon
Brazil
Uruguay
Turkmenistan
Syria
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Turkey
Costa Rica
Mexico
Saint Lucia
British Virgin Islands
Micronesia, Federated States of
Kyrgyzstan
Mauritius
Grenada
Jordan
French Polynesia
Armenia
Uzbekistan
Namibia
Georgia
Panama
Iraq
Moldova
Botswana
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Egypt
Colombia
Dominica
Mongolia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Antigua and Barbuda
Fiji
Swaziland
Tunisia
Zimbabwe
Albania

2011

35 000

[kWh//]

30 000

25 000

20 000

3641 kWh

10 000

5000

 CO2 per capita


CO2

:
1. =
2.

3.

800W 5.000 GWh

530MW, 1.200 GWh
.
80 %
16%
.


17.02.2013
11%
89%

29

()

1. : 6-10%

2. : 1015% , .



:



:
-

-

-

 (P), (Q)
(S)
S = UI = P + Q (VA)
2

I = S U = 120 kVA 600 V = 200 A

P
k = cos =
S

I = S U = 200 kVA 600 V = 333.3A



40% cos=0,8.




,

.



.

, ,

10
30 .




,


,

,


:









.

.

15 .

. ,
.
CO2 NOx
.

"20-20-20"
2020

20% 1990

20%
20%
.