AIRPORT

REQUIRED SPACES:

Directors office (20sq.m)

Airline Administration
ATO Office (air terminal officer)
Station Administration
Accounting and Cashier
Operations (Load control)
Crew Briefing
Staff restroom (diff)
Staff Lounge (diff)
Airline Office (30sq.m)
Concessionaire and Amenities (15sq.m/shop)
Restaurant
Shops
Lost and found station
Costumer service
Toilet
Bank
Telephone
Weight inspection counter
Loggage Room (for forgot or lost baggage)
Freight room
Lounging Area
Flight Control Room
Communication tower
Equipment room
Lounge, office
Others:
Greeters Area
Comfort Rooms
Weight Inspection
Phone Booths
Check in counter with scanner
Arrival lounge
Staffs lounge
Quarantine

(By: Paul P. Bollinger, Jr., World Book Encyclopedia 2010 edition. Page 242-249)

shops

Airport resemble small cities, have hotels, restaurants, banks, post office and
as well as
Their own police force
Fire department
Medical facilities

These services and facilities are important and useful for passengers and
employees of an airport. In addition, some of them help produce the income
necessary for the airport to operate successfully. During lengthy flight delay or
emergencies, these services can become vital.

AIRPORT FACILITIES:
Depend on the size of the community it serves
The area of land it covers
Type of air service it provides
PASSENGER TERMINAL
Passengers begin and end their flights at the passenger terminal.
Airline Ticket
Departing passengers purchase tickets, have their tickets checked, and
receive boarding (passage) passes.
Airplanes Cargo Hold
Where passengers can leave their baggage to be loaded into the airplanes
cargo hold.
Loudspeakers, flight monitor and electronic message boards announce
flight arrivals and departures
Boarding Lounges
Provide seats for waiting travelers and airline crews.
Gates
Where passengers board and leave aircraft from openings called gates
Boarding bridge / (Jet way)
At most range airports, an enclosed walkway connects the terminal gate with
the aircraft during boarding.
Many activities in the passenger terminal take place behind the walls or under the
floor, these activities includes:
Transport of baggage
And cargos from the ticket counter to the aircraft
Airlines maintain offices in these areas

Briefing Room
Each airline has a briefing room where pilots receive flight information. The
briefing room includes a dispatching office which handles communications with the
airlines operation center and with its airplanes, both on the ground and in flight.
Hangar
Are buildings in which aircraft are stored and repaired. Most airlines have
their own hangar.
Most airports locate hangars far enough from the terminal building to avoid
interference with air traffic on the ground.

CONTROL TOWER
-

Air traffic nerve center. In the tower, air traffic controllers use radars, radio,
signal, lights and other equipment to direct air traffic near the airport as well as
movements of aircraft on the ground.
Large tinted windows enable controllers to see all the aircraft in motion at the
airport. Some control towers are more than 200 ft. (6m) tall.

Operation
- In the control tower, the air traffic controllers guide aircrafts as they:
Land
Takeoff
and taxi
- The controllers see that the traffic keeps moving smoothly, rapidly and
safely.
- Their job becomes especially difficult when fog or other weather conditions
reduce visibility.
- Traffic patterns:
Planes approach or depart on assigned routes called traffic patterns.
Instruments in aircraft cockpits electronically display an airports traffic patterns for
pilots to follow.
When necessary, a pilot can safely fly without instruments if the weather is clear
enough to see other aircraft and airport.
The control tower has several types of electronic all-weather landing equipment to
bring planes down safely. Most commercial airport has an electronic aid called ILS
(Instrument Landing System).
ILS (Instrument Landing System)
It sends radio signals to receivers on an airplane which show the pilot whether the
plane is to the left, right, above, below or directly on the correct approach path to
the airport.
Other navigation aids include:
ASR (Airport Surveillance Radar)

GPS (Global Positioning System)

MLS (Microwave Landing System)

ASR (Airport Surveillance Radar)

Gives traffic controller a view of all aircraft activity within about 50 miles (80km) of
the Airport. The information help controllers prevent midair collision by choosing the
safest route for pilots to follow.
GPS (Global Positioning System)
Uses a network of navigation satellites to enable pilots anywhere on earth to
determine their location. These satellites send out radio signals that are picked up
by receivers on the aircraft.
The GPS equipment can compute an aircrafts position, speed and time every
second. The system bases the calculation on the distances between the satellites
and the receiver.
MLS (Microwave Landing System)
Is a precision landing and similar to the ILS. The MLS provides the pilot with
additional information to select the most appropriate approach path for each type of
aircraft.

THE RUNWAY
Considerations:
-measurements
-safety

Must be long enough and wide enough to handle the largest planes using the
airport. They must be levels as possible.
However, runways slope slightly from the centers towards each side to provide
good DRAINAGE.

A government body usually sets minimum runway lengths for different types
of aircrafts. Many small airports use only strips of mowed glass called
Landing Strips.
Some of these strips are only 2,000-2,500 ft. (610-760 m.) long. The runways of
large airports are paved with concrete or asphalt. These runways must have a clear
zone at each end to give aircraft additional space to take off and land as nearly as
possible into the wind.
At night and other periods of low visibility, white lights outline each runway and
green lights mark the beginning of a runway. Red and white approach lights shine
just in front of the area where a plane should touch down.

LOADING APRONS AND TAXIWAYS

The aircraft parking area at the gates of the passenger terminal is called a
LOADING APRON or TARMAC
- Although the word tarmac originally referred to a paving material made of
crushed rode and tars, the apron is actually made of concrete or asphalt
because these materials BETTER RESIST DAMAGE from heat and fuel
leaks. While an airplane is on the apron.
- Workers refuel it and load baggage, cargo and meals for the passengers. The
crew and passengers board airplanes on the landing apron.
- A small airport may serve only 1 or 2 aircraft on the apron at one time. Large
airports may accommodate more than 100 planes at ones.
Aircraft use lanes called Taxiways
On taxi from the apron to the runways and from runways to the hangar.
At night, taxiways are marked with blue lights. Red lights are used to mark
any barriers or other DANGER.

GROUND TRANSPORTATION AND PARKING

Large airports provide roadways alongside the terminal buildings where airport
buses, hotel vans, private automobiles, limousines, and taxis can pick up and drop
off passengers. Some airports are connected to the city center by light rail systems
or subways.
All airports maintain parking facilities
Most large airports have multistory parking garages, which can take less land than
parking lots do to hold the same number of cars. Parking provides a major source of
revenue for many airports.

OTHER AIRPORT OPERATIONS

Airport manager and the management staf
Direct the maintenance, operation and safety of the entire airport.
The management staf at a large airport is divided into several departments such
as:
Administration
Finance
S I maintenance
Planning
Engineering
Safety
Security
Public affairs
Airport operate like a business

Airport rent space to airlines for offices, check-in counters and baggage areas
In addition, airports give leases to:
Restaurant
Gift shops
Hotels and
Car rental agencies

The leases provide revenue to pay for the operation and development of an
airport. In addition, the airport receives income from parking lots, telephones and
advertisements in the terminal and landing fees paid by the airlines.

Airline Passenger Services

Ticket Counter
- Employees from that sell tickets, check in passengers who already have
tickets and provide information about the times and gates for the flight
arrivals and departures.
-

Print boarding passes and baggage tags

ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization)

A specialized agency of the United Nations, the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was created
in 1944 to promote the safe and orderly development of
international civil aviation throughout the world. It sets
standards and regulations necessary for aviation safety, security,
efficiency and regularity, as well as for aviation environmental
protection. The Organization serves as the forum for cooperation in
all fields of civil aviation among its 191 Member States.
(Source: http://www.icao.int/Pages/default.aspx)
PIATA (Philippine International Air Transport Association)
It is an organization of all IATA Travel Agent in the Philippines. PIATA
agents uphold the finest standards of accountability to the Bank
Settlement Plan of IATA, the International Air Transport Association
which regulates a worldwide aggregation of airlines, passenger sales
agents, and cargo agents. All members are linked by adherence to
stringent rules governing passenger and cargo travel.

(source:http://www.piata.com.ph/home/index)

CAAP (Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines)

Classify the airports owned by the National Government
The Philippines Civil Aithority formerly Air Transport Office,
abbreviated as CAAP, is an agency of the Philippine
government under the Department of Transportation and
Communications. It is the national aviation authority of the
Philippines, responsible for implementing policies on civil
aviation to assure safe, economic and efficient air travel.
Three classes of airports exist in the Philippines:

International airports
principal airports and
community airports

Airports in the Philippines have used two different types of classification:

one previously by the Air Transportation Office (ATO) and

another being used by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines

(CAAP), the successor body to the ATO.

ATO (Air Transport Office)

CLASSIFICATION OF AIRPORTS:
ATO SYSTEM
Former airport classification under the ATO's system. The old ATO system
divided airports into five classifications under two broad categories: international
and domestic airports.
These two broad categories were further divided into the following airport types:
Primary international airports are the primary international gateways into the
Philippines.

Secondary international airports are airports that are capable of handling

international flights but are not designated as primary international
gateways. These airports may or may not service actual international flights
and may or may not have active customs and immigration facilities.

Trunkline airports or major commercial domestic airports are domestic

airports in major cities around the Philippines that are capable of supporting
large aircraft. These are, in most cases, the only domestic airports with an
instrument landing system.

Secondary airports or minor commercial domestic airports are domestic

airports in smaller cities and municipalities usually capable of handling
smaller propeller aircraft. Some airports in this classification are capable of
supporting jet aircraft. However, these airports are only open from sunrise
until sunset, usually requiring notification of airport authorities if nighttime
landing is a necessity.
Feeder airports are domestic airports capable only of handling small
propeller aircraft. Many of these airports are small airstrips serving far-flung
islands.

CAAP system
The new CAAP system revises the previous ATO system, while maintaining
the current classification of airports into international and domestic airports. The
change was made pursuant to the Philippine Transport Strategic Study and the 1992
Civil Aviation Master Plan. The new system rationalizes the system of airport
classification, represented by the following types:

International airports are airports capable of handling international flights.

Airports in this category include airports that currently have or have
previously served international destinations. There are currently ten airports
in this category, including all primary international airports, most secondary
international airports, and Puerto Princesa Airport and Kalibo Airport, both
trunkline and secondary airports, respectively.

Principal airports or domestic airports are airports that only serve domestic
destinations. There are two types:

Class 1 principal airports are airports capable of serving jet aircraft

with a capacity of at least 100 seats. Most airports previously classified as
trunkline airports, as well as some secondary airports, are placed in this
category. One former secondary international airports the Bacolod-Silay
Airport is also in this category.

Class 2 principal airports are airports capable of serving propeller

aircraft with a capacity of at least 19 seats. Loakan Airport in Baguio City,
previously a trunkline airport, some secondary airports, and Godofredo P.
Ramos Airport in Malay, Aklan; Camiguin Airport, Cuyo Airport and Sayak

Airport in Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte (on Siargao Island), all feeder
airports, are in this category.

Community airports are airports that are used primarily for general aviation. Most
feeder airports are in this category and only three airports: Cauayan Airport, Labo
Airport in Ozamiz City and San Fernando Airport in La Union, all former secondary
airports, have regular air service.
(source: http://www.caap.gov.ph/)