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Exercise 2.2 (Solutions)

Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12
Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 1.0.0

Question # 1 (i)
3
Let y = ( ax + b )
y + d y = ( a ( x + d x) + b )

d y = ( ax + b + ad x ) - y
3

( (ax + b) + ad x )

- (ax + b)3

= (ax + b)3 + 3(ax + b) 2 (ad x ) + 3(ax + b)(ad x) 2 + (ad x )3 - (ax + b)3

= 3a(ax + b)2 d x + 3a 2 (ax + b) d x 2 + a3d x 3

= d x 3a (ax + b)2 + 3a 2 (ax + b) d x + a 3d x 2

Dividing by d x
dy
= 3a (ax + b)2 + 3a 2 (ax + b) d x + a 3d x 2
dx
Taking limit as d x 0
dy
lim
= lim 3a (ax + b) 2 + 3a 2 (ax + b) d x + a 3d x 2
d x0 d x
d x 0
dy

= 3a (ax + b) 2 + 3a 2 (ax + b)(0) + a 3 (0) 2

dx
dy
dy

= 3a (ax + b) 2 + 0 + 0

= 3a (ax + b )2
dx
dx
Question # 1 (ii)
Let y = (2 x + 3)5
y + d y = ( 2 ( x + d x ) + 3)

d y = ( 2 x + 2d x + 3) - y
5

= ( (2 x + 3) + 2d x ) - (2 x + 3)5
5

5
= (2 x + 3)5 +
0

5 (2 x + 3)4 (2d x ) +
1

5 (2 x + 3)3 (2d x )2 + ....

2

5

... + (2d x )5 - (2 x + 3)5

5

5
5
= (1) (2 x + 3)5 + 2 (2 x + 3) 4 d x + 4 (2 x + 3)3d x 2 + ....
1
2

... + 32 d x 5 - (2 x + 3)5
5

5
5
5
= 2 (2 x + 3) 4 d x + 4 (2 x + 3)3d x 2 + .... + 32 d x 5
1
2
5
Dividing by d x
dy
5
5
5
= 2 (2 x + 3)4 + 4 (2 x + 3)3 d x + .... + 32 d x 4
dx
1
2
5
Taking limit as d x 0
dy
5
5
5

lim
= lim 2 (2 x + 3) 4 + 4 (2 x + 3)3d x + .... + 32 d x 4
d x0 d x
d x 0
2
5
1

FSc-II / Ex- 2.2 - 2

dy
5

= 2 (2 x + 3)4 + 0 + 0 + .... + 0
dx
1

dy
dy

= 2(5)(2 x + 3)4 or
= 10(2 x + 3)4
dx
dx

Question # 1 (iii)
-1
Let y = ( 3t + 2 )
y + d y = ( 3(t + d t ) + 2 )

-2

d y = ( 3t + 3d t + 2 ) - y
-2

d y = ( (3t + 2) + 3d t ) - ( 3t + 2 )
-2

-2

-2

3d t
= ( 3t + 2 ) 1 +
1

3t + 2

-2 ( -2 - 1) 3d t
3d t
-2
= ( 3t + 2 ) 1 + (-2)
+
+
....
- 1

3
t
+
2
2!
3
t
+
2

-2 ( -3 ) d t
6d t
-2
d y = ( 3t + 2 ) 1 +
+
....
1

2 3t + 2
3t + 2

-2

= ( 3t + 2 )

-2

2
6d t

3d t
3
....
+
+

3t + 2
3t + 2

= ( 3t + 2 )
-1

3d t

3d t
-2 + 3
- +....

3t + 2
3t + 2

Dividing by d t
dy

-2-1
3d t
= 3 ( 3t + 2 ) -2 +
- +....
dt
3t + 2

Taking limit when d t 0 , we have

dy

-3
3d t
lim
= lim 3 ( 3t + 2 ) -2 +
....

d t 0 d t
d t 0
3t + 2

dy
dy
-3
-3

= 3 ( 3t + 2 ) [ -2 + 0 - 0 + ....]
= - 6 ( 3t + 2 )
dx
dx
Question # 1 (iv)
Let y = (ax + b) -5
Do yourself
Question # 1 (vii)
Let

y =

1
= (az - b)-7
7
(az - b)

y + d y = ( a( z + d z ) - b )

-7

d y = ( (az - b) + ad z ) - ( az - b )
-7

d y = ( az - b )

-7

-7

-7

ad z
1
1 +

(
az
b
)

Now do yourself

Made by: Atiq ur Rehman (mathcity@gmail.com), http://www.mathcity.org