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CHNG I : GII THIEU CHUNG VE PROTEUS VSM

I - Gii thieu chung :
Trong lnh vc khoa hoc cong nghe ngay cang phat trien khong ngng nganh tin hoc
noi chung a co mat hau nh trong tat ca cac nganh nghe t n gian en phc tap . Cong
nghe tin hoc a giup ch khong nho vao cong viec giang day va mang lai nhieu ket qua khong
nho. Proteus VSM (Virtual Simulation Microprocessor) la chng trnh tao va chay cac mach
ien ,cac mach co vi x ly va mo phong qua trnh lam viec cua mach nguyen ly, giup cho
ngi hoc ien t hnh dung trc quan hn vao thc te cua cac linh kien ien t.
Phan mem Proteus VSM c viet bi cong ty Labcenter Electronics . Proteus a
c s dung kha rong rai tren 35 quoc gia . Proteus a t khang nh the manh cua no ve mo
phong cac mach nguyen ly sat vi thc te, tren 12 nam cang ngay no cang c hoan thien va
phat trien manh .Protesu cung cap cho ngi s dung hau nh toan bo cac linh kien ien t e
ngi dung co the tao ra c cac mach nguyen ly va sau cung la chay th va so sanh vi ket
qua thc te .Chnh v Proteus co the tao va chay c cac mach n gian cung nh cac mach
phc tap nen co the dung no trong giang day, trong cac phong th nhiem ien t cung nh
trong thc hanh vi x ly
Phan mem Proteus chay trong moi trng Window 32 bit , yeu cau cua no ve phan
cng cung n gian CPU 300MHz tr len.

II- Cac chc nang c ban cua Proteus.

1 . Cac u iem:
-

De dang tao ra mot s o nguyen ly n gian t cac mach ien n gian, en cac
mach co bo lap trnh vi x ly .
De dang chnh sa cac ac tnh cua linh kien tren s o nguyen ly : chnh sa so
bc cua ong c bc, chnh sa nguon nuoi cho mach ,thay oi tan so hoat ong
c ban cua vi x ly
Cong cu ho tr kiem tra loi thiet ke tren s o nguyen ly . Xem va lu lai phan bao
loi .
Chay mo phong va phan tch cac tnh chat cua mach ien c ban . Cong cu ho tr
cho viec chay va mo phong rat manh va chnh xac . Cac cong cu va o th ho tr
manh cho viec phan tch tan so , song , am thanh .. khong nhng the phan mem con
co them cac may phan tch t n gian nh : ong ho o Von, Ampe, en cac may
o dao ong ,may tao song dao ong
Ngoai ra Proteus con cung cap cho ngi s dung cac cong cu manh ma cac phan
mem khac hau nh khong co. Chang han th vien LED vi cac loai mau sac khac

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nhau ke ca led 7 oan. Nhng phan hien th manh nhat ma Proteus cung cap la
LCD, no co the mo phong cho rat nhieu LCD t n gian en phc tap.
Mot cai u iem na cua Proteus la co the mo phong cong cu phat va thu tn hieu
t cac mach giao tiep vi may tnh qua cong cu RS232 . Trong o ngi s dung co
the ieu khien c qua trnh truyen phat, toc o Baud giup cho ngi lap trnh
co the mo phong cac mat truyen phat tn hieu .
Mot iem manh khac cua Proteus la cung cap cho ngi s dung cong cu bien dch
cho cac ho vi x ly nh MSC51, AVR ,HC11 Qua o tao ra cac tap tin HEX
dung e nap cho vi x ly va tap tin DSI dung e xem va chay kiem tra tng bc
trong chng trnh mo phong .
oi vi cac mach vi x ly Proteus khong nhng cung cap hnh anh thc te cua cac
linh kien xuat ma con cung cap cho ngi lap trnh rat nhieu cac ca so thong bao
cac noi dung cua bo nh, con tro, thanh ghi,
Proteus co mot th vien kha ln vi hn 6000 linh kien cac loai va cang ngay cang
c bo sung. Ngoai ra con co keypad (ma tran phm tao n gian cho ngi thiet
ke khi can thao tac tren cac ma tran phm ).

2 - Kha nang ng dung :

-

Kha nang ng dung chnh cua Proteus la mo phong , phan tch cac ket qua t cac
mach nguyen ly. Proteus giup cho ngi s dung co the thay trc mach thiet ke
chay ung hay sai trc khi thiet ke tren bo mach.
Cac cong cu phuc vu cho viec phan tch mach co o chnh xac kha cao nh o von
hay ampe, may o dao ong .
Kha nang ap dung chng trnh Proteus vao trong giang day la rat tot cho cac thay
cung nh cho sinh vien hoc tap ky thuat ien t v hau nh Proteus cung cap gan
nh ay u t c ban en phc tap cho ngi hoc ien t va vi x ly.
oi vi cac sinh vien th Proteus neu ma c s dung rong dai th no gan nh la
thay day cho chnh ho nha. No giup cho cac sinh vien t hoc, t nhien cu va
thiet ke th cac phan a hoc va chay xem ket qua va rut ra cac bai hoc tot. ieu
c ban nhat la tiet kiem tien cho sinh vien khong co ieu kien ma lai ham hoc ,
ham nghien cu.
Trong thc te hien nay hau nh phong th nhiem ien t nao xay dng len cung
phai ton khong t ngan sach . Neu Proteus c ng dung qua mot may tnh cac
thay co the cung cap cho sinh vien hau nh toan bo cac mach ien n gian ,hn
na co the tao ra cac KIT vi x ly dung phuc vu cho viec thc hanh vi x ly .Qua
o cac thay co the cung cap cho cac sinh vien cac mach ien t phuc vu trong qua
trnh hoc tap t o sinh vien co the t nguyen cu cac bai thc hanh trc nha
trc khi thc hanh thc te tren mo hnh that s va ket qua chac chan khong nho.

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3 - Kha nang phan tch:

-

Phan tch mot mach n gian.

Phan tch cac mach cac ho vi x ly.
Phan tch mach qua cac o th, cac may o v du :
+ Phan tch Analogue
+ Phan tch Digital
+ Phan tch tan so
+ Phan tch am thanh
+ Phan tch truyen phat d lieu.
Nhieu va con rat nhieu phng phap phan tch t n gian nhat en kha nang phan
tch phc tap ma ngoai thc te khi can phan tch no th can rat nhieu chi ph cung
nh cong cu s dung .
Phan tch qua tai, qua ap , u tai Proteus cung cap cho ngi s dung kha nang
phan tch qua tai giup ngi s dung hnh dung c khi qua tai th anh hng en
cac linh kien nh the nao ma khong phai mat chi ph cung nh an toan tuyet oi.
Lu lai cac ket qua phan tch .

4 - Nhc iem :
-

Phan mem nao cung co nhc iem cua no do o Proteus cung khong tranh khoi
cac nhc iem :
+ Phan mem do cong ty cua nc ngoai nen tnh chat ban quyen kha cao, va hau
nh t c biet en nen rat kho kiem ngoai thc te .
+ Trong khi thiet ke co nhieu phan trong Proteus chay khong theo mot quy tac nao
lam ngi s dung oi luc gap kho khan.
+ S dung kha phc tap nhat la oi vi cac mach vi x ly hay cac mach can chnh
sa cac tnh chat cac linh kien (do qua nhieu tnh chat phai ieu chnh).
+ Phan mem do cong ty nc ngoai viet nen khong co tai lieu nao cung cap hay
hng dan s dung .
+ Hng dan s dung trong Proteus hoan toan bang tieng anh nen oi hoi ngi s
dung cung phai co mot nen tang tieng anh c ban neu muon s dung no mot cach
hieu qua (nhat la tieng anh chuyen nganh ve ien t).

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Chng II :

VE S O NGUYEN LY

I. GII THIEU CHUNG.

Bat ky mot mach ien nao t n gian en phc tap, th phan cn ban nhat cua no la
s o nguyen ly. Da vao s o nguyen ly ngi thiet ke cung nh ngi oc hieu c mot
phan hay toan phan nguyen ly hoat ong cua mach. Do o s o nguyen ly la mot phan
khong the thieu bat ky mach nao cung nh phan mem nao ve mach ien. Qua o tuy tng
phan mem co the phan tch mach e a ra cac ket qua thc nhiem xem at c s yeu cau
cha. Phan mem Proteus cung khong ngoai le bc au cung phai tao ra s o nguyen ly e
da vao o chng trnh co the phan tch va so sanh mach vi ket qua thc te cung nh kiem
tra cac cong thc tnh toan .

1 - Cach m proteus trong window.

Khi Proteus c cai at hoan chnh, e m Proteus vao Start -> Program ->
Proteus Lite -> Chon ISIS .

Hnh 2 -1 : menu m chng trnh Proteus.

-

e co the m nhanh phan mem proteus ta keo bieu tng ra man hnh e sau
o co the m nhanh.

Hnh 2 - 2 : Tieu hnh dung e m nhanh Proteus VSM tren Desktop

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2 Giao dien c ban Proteus VSM.

Sau khi m chng trnh Proteus khi phan mem khi ong hoan tat th ban se thay phan dao
dien c ban cua no gan nh sau:

Hnh 2 -3 : Giao dien c ban sau khi khi ong Proteus.

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Neu nh chng trnh khong hien th ay u ta co the vao menu View -> Toolbar e loai bo
hay them vao thanh cong cu mnh can .

Hnh 2 - 4 : Menu dung lay cac cong cu dung trong thiet ke.
Sau khi chon Toolbar , chng trnh se a ra mot ca so cho ta chon hay loai bo cong cu can.

Hnh 2 - 5 : Menu chon hay loai bo thanh cong cu can thiet trong thiet ke.
Trong o :

File Toolbar : cac cong cu thong thng , tao trang mi , m trang , lu trang

View Toolbar : cac cong cu phong to, thu nho, o li

Edit Toolbar : cac cong cu chnh sa , copy , xoa

Design Toolbar : cac cong cu phuc vu trong thiet ke

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3. Khai quat cac bieu tng dung trong chng trnh :

a. Cac bieu tng c ban :

New : tao trang thiet ke mi.

Open : m trang a thiet ke.
Save : lu trang ang thiet ke.
Print : in trang thiet ke.
Print Area : in mot phan trang thiet ke.
Import Section : m file import
Export Section : lu file import.

b. Cac bieu tng thao tac ve man hnh :

Redraw : ve lai man hnh thiet ke (lam ti lai man hnh).

Grid : bat tat o li.
False Origin :
Cursor : at bieu tng con tro luon co dang X
Pan : di chuyen trang thiet ke.
Zoom in : phong ln trang thiet ke.
Zoom out : thu nho trang thiet ke.
View All : xem toan bo trang thiet ke.
View Area : xem mot phan trang thiet ke.

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c. Cac bieu tng chnh trong Proteus.

Component : m ca so linh kien ang thiet ke (ca so device)

Junction Dot : at iem noi.
Wire Label : at ten cho day noi, ten cho Bus.
Script : chen kch ban vao trang thiet ke.
Bus : at bo day.
Sub-Circuit : at mot k hieu mach.
Instant Edit : chnh sa linh kien.
Terminal : m ca so lay nguon ,at
Device Pin : cac ky hieu chan.
Graph : m ca so cac o th mo phong.
Tape : cong cu phat Tap Recorder.
Generator : m ca so cac cong cu phat song : sin, DC, clock
Voltage Probe : lay cong cu at iem do von.
Current Probe : lay cong cu at iem do dong ien.
Multi Meter : lay cac may o, may phat dao ong
Line : lay cac day noi mach .
Box , Circle, Arc ,2D Path : cac dang hnh thiet ke,hnh ch nhat .tron . . .
Text : at chu thch vao trang thiet ke.
Symbol : m ca so lay cac k hieu .
Maker : lay cac k hieu thiet ke.

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d. Cac bieu tng phuc vu trong thiet ke :

Real Time Snap : bat tat tnh bat iem li ,kha nang bat cac oi tng khi con tro
chuot ch vao .
Wire Autorouter : bat tat tnh ieu chnh ng ve (t ong tao ra vuong goc khi
ngi s dung keo xien ng day noi ) .
Search & Tag : cong cu tm kiem .
Property Assigment Tool : vao ca so chan linh kien ang chon
New Sheet : tao them trang mi trong cung trang ang thiet ke (trang th 2).
Delete Sheet : xoa mot trang d.
Goto Sheet : di chuyen en trang n.
Zoom To Child : vao trang n.
Return to Parent :
Bill of Material : tao tap tin l ket qua tnh chat cac linh kien trong trang thiet ke.
Electrical Rules Check : kiem tra s o nguyen ly trong trang thiet ke.
Nestlist to Ares : goi chng trnh tao mach in.
e. Cac bieu tng chnh sa .

Block Copy : sao chep mot khoi a chon .

Block Move : di chuyen mot khoi a chon .
Block Delete : xoa khoi a chon .
Pick Device / Symbol : m ca so th vien linh kien .
Make Device : m ca so chnh sa cac tnh chat linh kien ang c chon.
Decompose : pha v oi tng ang chon thanh nhieu phan .
Package Tool : m ca so thay oi s o chan linh kien.

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f. Cac bieu tng xoay , oi xng .

Rotate Clockwise : xoay linh kien c chon .

Rotate Anti- clockwise : xoay linh kien c chon (co kiem tra va ve lai day).
Flip X axis : oi xng linh kien theo truc Y.
Flip Y axis : oi xng linh kien theo truc X.

II BC AU THIET KE MACH.

1. Cach tao mot trang thiet ke mi .

e tao mot trang mi thiet ke mach ta co the lam theo cac cach sau:
Vao menu File -> New Design.

Chon bieu tng new design tren thang cong cu

2. at ten cho ban thiet ke.

e at ten cho mach thiet ke vao menu -> Design .

Sau o chon muc Edit Desgin Properties .
Ca so xuat hien nh sau : anh vao cac thong so mach thie ke nh tieu e (title) ,
ngi thiet ke (Author ).

Hnh 2 - 6 : ca so cai at ten cho mach , ngi thiet ke .

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3. Cai at kho giay cho trang thiet ke.

Do tuy tng mach thiet ke chung ta can phai at hay can phai chnh sa lai kho giay
khi ma ban thiet ke cua ta ln hn kho giay mac nh ban au cua chng trnh la A4.
e thay oi kho giay ta vao menu System -> chon Set Sheet Sizes .
Trang ca so la chon kho giay cho trang thiet ke co dang nh sau:

Hnh 2 - 7 : ca so chon kho giay cho trang thie ke

Chon kho giay thiet ke va nhan OK .
Trong qua trnh thiet ke neu mach ln hn kho giay a nh trc ta dung cach nay e
tang kho giay thiet ke ln hn.

4. Cai at cac thong so mau sac cho ban thiet ke .

Trong khi thiet ke moi ngi thiet ke eu co s thch rieng ve mau sac trang thiet ke .
e cai at cac thong so c ban cho trang thiet ke nh : mau nen ,mau day ,o li ,cac
mc ien ap hay cac mc logic 0,1 ta vao menu Template -> chon Set Design
Defauts .
Ca so chnh sa co dang nh sau :

Hnh 2 - 8 : ca so man hnh chnh sa cac thong so mau sac trang thiet ke.

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Sau khi chnh sa thong so cac mau theo s thch th nhan OK.
III. CAC THAO TAC C BAN TREN BAN VE.

1. Phong to, thu nho, di chuyen trang thiet ke.

a. e phong to hay thu nho trang thiet ke co the dung nhieu cach :
Dung chuot :
- e phong to hay thu nho co the dung nut gia cua chuot . Trc het phai chon trang
thiet ke bang cach nhan chuot phai tai trang thiet ke , sau o dung nut gia chuot
phong to hay thu nho trang thiet ke.
- Co the dung phm Shift + chuot trai (gi va keo thanh ca so) quet phan ca so can
phong ln e phong ln trang thiet ke theo kieu Zoom Area .
Dung cong cu :
- Co the dung cac thanh cong cu e phong to hoac thu nho : e phong to chon bieu
Zoom in , e thu nho chon bieu tng
Zoom Out .
tng
- Ngoai ra co the dung menu : View -> Zoom in e phong to , View -> Zoom out e
thu nho.
Dung phm tat :
- Ngoai ra e phong to hay thu nho cach nhanh chong ta co the dung cac phm tat F6 e
phong to, F7 e thu nho , ket hp vi di chuot en v tr can phong to thu nho va nhan
phm tat.
- Phm F8 dung e xem toan bo trang ang thiet ke.
b. Di chuyen man hnh thiet ke .

Cac cach di chuyen man hnh thiet ke :
- Dung bieu tng tren thanh cong cu
(Pan) va nhan chuot tai v tr can di chuyen en
.
- Dung phm tat : F5 ket hp vi di chuot en cac v tr can di chuyen .

Chu y : khi dung phm tat e di chuyen khi con tro con nam trong kho giay thiet ke th
mi co hieu qua ,neu con tro nam ngoai kho giay se co bieu tng
.
2. Cai at va huy bo o li.
- e cho viec thiet ke de dang , khi thiet ke s o nguyen ly chung ta nen bat o li cho
trang thiet ke .
- e bat o li cho trang thiet ke vao menu View -> Grid hay nhan phm tat G .
- Hoac chon bieu tng tren thanh cong cu :
3. Cac ieu chnh phu trong menu View :
- Redraw : khi thiet ke lay , xoa , quay hay di chuyen man hnh , chung ta se thay xuat
hien cac net khong ve ma lai co hien len man hnh thiet ke . e lam mat cac net o
chung ta dung leng Redraw trong menu View hay bieu tng Redraw tren thanh cong
-

cu
, cach n gian nhat la dung phm tat R .
Snap 10th, 50th, 100th, 500th dung thay oi ty le cua cac o li trong trang thiet ke.

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IV. CAC THAO TAC C BAN TREN LINH KIEN.

1. Cach m th vien linh kien.

e m ca so Library lay linh kien .
- Tren menu ta chon Library Pick Device/Symbyl

Hnh 2 9 : menu chon th vien linh kien

(Pick devices) ,tren thanh cong cu .
- Hoac ta co the chon vao bieu tng :
- Hoac ta cung co the vao bieu tng : Pick devices tren ca so DEVICES.

Hinh 2 10 : ca so linh kien DEVICES

-Ta cung co the dung phm tat P e m th vien.

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Sau khi ta chon m th vien ( mot trong cac cach tren ) th ca so th vien se xuat hien
nh sau :

Hnh 2 11 : ca so th vien lay linh kien

Trong do :
- Keyword : tm kiem linh kien theo ten anh vao .
- Category va Sub-catelogy : cha cac th vien trong chng trnh Proteus .
- Result : hien th cac linh kien khi chon th vien hay anh ten tren muc Keyword .
- Schematic Preview : hien th hnh danh cua linh kien .
- PCB Preview : hien th s o chan linh kien .

2. Cach tm va chon linh kien trong th vien vao ca so Devices :

Sau khi m th vien xong , e lay linh kien trong th vien vao ca so Devices ta co the
thc hien theo cac cach sau :
CACH 1 :

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Ta co the anh chnh xac ten linh kien vao trong Keywords (Proteus co kha nang do
tm khong chnh xac neu nh chung ta khong the nh ay u ) cho tat ca cac linh kien
co ten gan nh vay cho chung ta la chon .
- Do tm linh kien can tm trong ca so Results .
- Ta co the nhn thay linh kien trong ca so Schematic preview khi ta a Click chon
linh kien o
- Lay linh kien ra ca so Devices bang cach : nhan up vao linh kien a chon .
C tiep tuc cac thao tac nh vay cho en khi lay xong cac linh kien can thiet cho viec
ve mach .
- Khi lay xong cac linh kien can thiet cho viec ve mach ta thoat ra khoi th vien bang
cach nhan Cancel hoac phm Esc .
CACH 2 :
Trong cua so th vien co nhieu th vien nho
- Ta Click chon vao mot trong cac th vien nho o .
- Do tm linh kien can tm trong ca so Results .
- Ta co the nhn thay linh kien trong ca so Schematic preview khi ta a Click chon linh
kien o
- Thao tac lay linh kien nh muc tren
- Khi ta nhan up chuot vao linh kien trong ca so Result th linh kien se c them vao
man hnh trang thiet ke ( ca so DEVICE) hnh 2 -12 .
Khi lay xong cac linh kien can thiet cho viec ve mach ta thoat ra khoi th vien bang
cach nhan Cancel hoac phm Esc .
-

Hnh 2 12 : minh hoa khi them linh kien vao trang thiet ke

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V du : lay cac linh kien sau : 80C51,ien tr, tu , thach anh ,led, ong c . . .

Hnh 2 12 : cach lay IC 80c51

- Tai muc Keyword anh ten linh kien can lay 80C51 , sau o man hnh co dang nh tren,
nhan chuot hai lan len linh kien can lay e them vao ca so Devices .
- Cac linh kien khac dung cach tng t e lay , sau o nhan ESC e thoat khoi ca so th
vien tr ve man hnh thiet ke .

Ghi chu :
- Khi chung ta can lay cac linh kien co kha nang chay mo phong , thng th cac linh kien
nay co ac tnh ACTIVE trong th vien .
- Tai ca so (Preview) ngoai ac tnh cho biet chan linh kien no con cho biet la linh kien
se lay co the chay c mo phong hay khong . Neu chng trnh khong ho tr linh kien th
se co dong No Simulator Model .

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3. Cach chon , at va hieu chnh cac thong so cua linh kien:

Sau khi lay linh kien ra ca so Devices va thoat khoi th vien ta lay linh kien t cua so
Devices ra trang thiet ke ta thao tac nh sau :
a/ Lay linh kien ra trang thiet ke :
- Click chuot vao linh kien can lay ( linh kien trong cua so Devices )
- Di chuyen con tro chuot ra trang thiet ke ni can at linh kien va Click chuot th linh
kien se c at tai o
LU Y : Neu mach co nhieu linh kien cung loai nh : 5 ien tr , 6 tu ien , 3 diode
T cua so Devices ch co 1 ien tr , 1 tu ien , 1 diode ta co the lay ra trang thiet ke
5 ien tr , 6 tu ien , 3 diode nh mach yeu cau bang cach sau :
- Click chuot vao linh kien can lay ( linh kien trong cua so Devices )
- Di chuyen con tro chuot ra trang thiet ke ni can at linh kien va Click chuot th linh
kien se c at tai o va ta tiep tuc di chuyen chuot e at cac linh kien tiep theo
chng trnh se t ong tang so linh kien len sau moi lan nhan chuot .
b/ Di chuyen, xoay, xoa linh kien trong trang thiet ke :
+ Di chuyen linh kien :
Khi ta lay linh kien trong ca so Devices ra trang thiet ke . V ta sap xep khong hp ly
hoac v mot ly do nao o ma ta can di chuyen linh kien th ta co nhng thao tac sau :
- Click phai vao linh kien can di chuyen ,sau o click trai va keo linh kien en ni can
di chuyen en.
, cong cu di chuyen co
- Chung ta cung co the dung thanh cong cu e di chuyen
the giup ngi dung di chuyen mot khoi .Sau kh chon khoi can di chuyen (bang nhan
gi va keo chuot phai ) ,nhan vao bieu tng di chuyen khoi sau o a khoi en v tr
mi.
+ Xoay linh kien :
Trong thiet ke mach e chung ta nhn va oc mach mot cach de dang th cac day noi gia
cac chan linh kien t chong cheo len nhau nhat . e lam c ieu o ta co the xoay cac
linh kien e tm ra phng an toi u nhat .

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

e xoay cac linh kien ta co cac cach sau :

CACH 1:
- Click phai vao linh kien can xoay (chon linh kien).
- Bam chon vao cac bieu tng xoay (set Rotation , Horizontal Reflection , Vertical
Reflection ) hoac nhap goc can xoay vao

Hnh 2 13 : bieu tng xoay , oi xng cac linh kien

CACH 2:
- Click phai vao linh kien can xoay .
- Bam chon vao cac bieu tng xoay Rotate/Reflect Tagged Objects

Hnh 2 14 : bieu tng xoay, di chuyen, copy, xoa

Khi ta bam chon vao bieu tng xoay Rotate/Reflect Tagged Objects th xuat hien ca so :

Hnh 2 15 : ca so nhap goc can xoay

-

Nhap goc xoay vao Angle

Nhan chon OK.

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

+ Xoa mot linh kien :

- Click phai vao linh kien can xoa.
- Bam vao bieu tng Delete All Tagged :
- Hoac ta co the nhap chuot phai hai lan vao linh kien can xoa .
- Ta cung co the nhan DEL e xoa linh kien .
c/ Sa cac thong so ky thuat cua linh kien :
e ve mach mot cach nhanh chong ta khong nhat thiet phai lay linh kien co cac thong so
chnh xac nhat la trong mach co nhieu linh kien giong nhau nhng khac cac thong so ky
thuat . Neu lay tng linh kien ung vi cac thong so can tm th se mat rat nhieu thi gian
va oi khi trong th vien khong co linh kien co cac thong so ma ta can tm .
V vay ta can phai sa cac thong so ky thuat cho linh kien .
Vd : sau khi lay motor stepper ca so chnh sa cac thong so c ban cho ong c bc co
dang nh sau :

Hnh 2 16 : ca so chnh sa thong so cho ong c bc

-

Tai ca so tnh chat ong c bc chung ta co the chnh cac thong so c ban : nguon
cua ong c, so bc , ien tr cuon day Sau o nhap OK e hoan tat qua trnh
chnh sa .

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

 Cac linh kien khac khi can chnh sa lai cac gia tr mac nh trong Proteus chung ta
lam tng t nh cach tren .

4 - Noi day cho mach thiet ke :

Sau khi lay va sap xep cac linh kien theo mong muon ,ta tien hanh noi cac chan linh kien
cho mach . Ta co the tien hanh nh sau :
- Vao bieu tng 2D graphics line e noi day cho mach

Hnh 2 17 : cach lay cac day ve

- Chon kieu day noi cho mach trong ca so GRAPHICSTYLES

Cac kieu noi day thong dung :
WIRE
BUS WIRE
INPUT
OUTPUT
a) Noi WIRE :

Hnh 2 18 : ca so chon day ve cho mach nguyen ly

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

+ Cach noi day Wire :

- Chon kieu day noi la Wire sau o ta a chuot en cac v tr can noi .
V DU : cach ve wire va noi day cho linh kien .
- Lay cac linh kien nh hnh ve sau va at vao trang thiet ke : Relay ,Button ,Motor DC

Hnh 2 19 : v du ieu khien ong c DC

-

Khi thiet ke chung ta nen bat o li len e de dang trong khi ve. Bat tat o li (Gird)
dung phm tat G .

Trong khi noi day neu chung ta bat bieu tng

(real time annotation) len Enable .
Th khi chung ta a con tro vao chan linh kien se co bieu tng X tai chan linh kien
giup chung ta ve mach de dang hn (hnh tren tai chan Relay) ngc lai th khong co
bieu tng X khi chung ta a con tro ti chan linh kien.
Trong qua trnh noi day mot ieu hu ch la Proteus co the tao ra cac ng vuong goc
khi chung ta noi day theo ng cheo lam cho mach thiet ke ep hn . Muon the

chung ta phai bat bieu tng

(Wire Auto Router) .

Hnh 2 20 : hai cach ve trong chng trnh

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

- Hnh tren so sanh hai phng phap ve .Tuy nhien chung ta cung co the ve ep ma
khong can bat ( wire auto router ) bang cach ve tng oan vuong goc ( nhan chuot trai tai
cac iem dng cua moi oan thang ) . Nhng phng phap nay kha phc tap va lau khi
chung ta thiet ke cac mach ln . ac tnh Wire Auto Router mang lai ket qua tuy co luc
khong va y nhng no giup chung ta thiet ke mach nhanh va ep hn .

Ghi chu : khi noi day Wire t Bus ra, do t Bus co nhieu day cung ra nen can phai at
ten cho tng day e chng trnh co the hieu tng day trong bo day se noi ra (vao) t au
.
b) Kieu noi BUS WIRE :
+Cach noi BUS :
- Vao bieu tng 2D graphics line e noi day cho mach
- Chon kieu day noi BUS WIRE cho mach trong ca so GRAPHICSTYLES
Hoac ta cung co the vao bieu tng BUS

Hnh 2 21 : cach chon bieu tng lay day BUS ve

+ Cach at ten cho BUS :
Sau khi ta noi BUS xong ta tien hanh at ten cho BUS bang cach :
- M bieu tng Wire label .

Hnh 2 22: cach chon bieu tng at ten cho day

-

Click phai chuot vao oan BUS can at ten .

Click trai chuot vao oan BUS can at ten th xuat hien ca so :

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

Hnh 2 23 : ca so at ten cho day ve

- anh ten can at cho BUS vao String : vd: AD[0..7] OK
+ Cach at ten cho cac day WIRE noi t BUS : Tng t nh cach at ten cho BUS nhng
ay ta co the chon mot trong cac ten co san trong String OK . Neu nh trc o ta
cha at ten th anh thang vao o String ten can at .

Hnh 2 23 : ca so chon ten cho day ve

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

V du noi Bus Wire :

Hnh 2 24 : v du cac cach ve wire, bus

c) Kieu noi INPUT ,OUTPUT :
e cho mach thiet ke gon va n gian ta dung Kieu noi INPUT ,OUTPUT.
+ Kieu noi INPUT ,OUTPUT :
- Click chon vao bieu tng Inter-sheet Terminal

Hnh 2 25 : cach chon bieu tng lay day nguon

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

- Chon kieu day noi INPUT ,OUTPUT trong th vien TERMINALS

Nguon va mass cap cho mach cung c lay t th vien nay ( POWER , GROUND )

Hnh 2 26 : ca so lay nguon , cac ong lay mau phan tch

- Lay ky hieu INPUT ,OUTPUT ra trang thiet ke va at ten cho no
V DU : Cach dung INPUT ,OUTPUT , thiet ke mach ieu khien ong c bc, dung cac tn
hieu INPUT (tn hieu ta) , tn hieu OUTPUT (tn hieu vao) giup ta co the phan chia s o
nguyen ly ra phan ieu khien, phan ong lc hay phan hien th . . .

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

Hnh 2 27 : v du dung phng phap INPUT, OUTPUT

6 - Phng phap cap nguon cho mach :
a/ Cac thao tac lay nguon ra trang thiet ke :
- Click chon vao bieu tng Inter-sheet Terminal
- Click chon POWER , MASS trong th vien TERMINALS
- Lay nguon va mass ra trang thiet ke
b/ Cach ghi ien ap va sa cha cac thong so ky thuat cua nguon :
- Click phai vao nguon can ghi hoac sa gia tr ien ap .
- Sau o Click trai vao nguon can ghi hoac sa gia tr ien ap

Hnh 2 28 : ca so chnh sa nguon

Sau o anh gia tr nguon nuoi cho mach vao String OK
7 - Kiem tra s o mach nguyen ly :
- Kiem tra s o mach sau khi hoan thanh xong mach thiet ke la rat quan trong , nogiup
cho ta tm ra c nhng loi ma ta con sai sot trong thiet ke cha phat hien ra c .
e kiem tra loitrong s o mach ta thao tac nh sau :
-

Vao Tool
Electrical Rule Check hay dung bieu tng

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-

Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

oc va tm loi trong cac dong thong bao trong ca so Electrical Rule Check ISIS
Professional ( Demo )

Hnh 2 29 : ca so kiem tra loi trang thiet ke

Bang kiem tra loi tren bao loi tren linh kien U1 ( 80C51) thieu mach Reset, mach
dao ong, nguon ap tai chan EA (31) . Sau khi chnh sa lai mach kiem tra lai chung
ta se khong thay bao loi va dong thong bao cuoi cung la No ERC errors found .
en ay mach coi nh a hoan chnh ve s o nguyen ly , lu lai mach thiet ke bang
cach vao menu save hay dung thanh cong cu nh cac phan mem khac .

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

CHNG III : CHAY MO PHONG VA PHAN TCH MACH

NGUYEN LY C BAN
I. CACH M S O A THIET KE.
Cong viec trc tien e chay mo phong hay phan tch mot s o nguyen ly la m no .e m
mot trang a thiet ke co the dung cac cach sau :
+ Vao menu File -> Load Design -> chon tap tin can m.
+ Dung bieu tng Load Design tren thanh cong cu.
+ Dung phm tat L .
II. CAC CONG CU DUNG PHAN TCH MACH.
1. Bieu tng lay cac may o phan tch mach :
2. Bieu tng lay cac o th phan tch mach :
3. Bieu tng lay va at cac ong do ien ap , dong ien :
II. CHAY MO PHONG VA PHAN TCH MACH .
A CHAY MO PHONG.
- Khi mach thiet ke hoan chnh qua trnh n gian la chay mo phong qua cac cong cu cua
Proteus .


Bieu tng chay toan bo chng trnh thiet ke .
Bieu tng chay tng bc chng trnh thiet ke.




Bieu tng tam dng chng trnh ang chay ,hay chay chng trnh ang
trang thai tam dng.
Bieu tng dng toan bo chng trnh ang chay.


- Trong qua trnh chay mo phong chung ta co the bat cac lp mau nguon, cac mc ien ap
chan, dong ien theo chieu mui ten .Vao menu System -> Set Animation Options ca so
tnh chat xuat hien .

Hnh 3 -1 : ca so ieu chnh cac thong so chay mo phong n gian.

Trong o :

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

Show Voltage & Current on Probes : hien th von,dong tren ong do.

Show Logic State of pins : hien th mc logic cua chan IC.

Show wire Voltage by Colours : hien th mau cua ien ap nguon, at .

Show wire Current with arrows : hien th dong ien chay dang mui ten.

Simulation Speed : chnh cac thong so thi gian chay mo phong.
((((
Voltage / Current Ranges : so von cao nhat cap cho nguon cho cac IC . (do cac linh
kien khong co chan nguon ).
Vd: ieu chnh cac thong so va chay mach c ban sau .

Hnh 3 2 : mo phong chieu dong ien ,mc ien ap

B PHAN TCH MACH BANG CAC MAY CONG CU.

1. o von, o dong ien cac mach n gian.

e o von, dong ien cua mach v du chung ta dung ong ho o. Phan tch mach n
gian sau nh hnh 3-2 tren .
e lay may o von AC chon bieu tng tren thanh cong cu , tai ca so
Instruments chon AC VOLTMETER , e o dong tieu thu cua bong en nh hnh
tren dung may o Ampe AC AMMETER Sau o noi day cho mach nh hnh sau .
e y khi o von th mac song song vi v tr can o, con o dong ien th phai mac
noi tiep vi linh kien can o .
M thuoc tnh cac may o e ieu chnh thong so :
- Display Range : chon kieu hien th von, mili von , Ampe hay mili ampe
Sau khi noi day cho cac may o nh hnh sau , chay mo phong ta thu c cac tr
so V,A tren cac may o .

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

Hnh 3 3 : Ket qua cac may o khi chay mo phong.

Kiem tra ket qua o so vi ly thuyet :

- Cong thc mach phan ap :

V1 = ( R1 / ( R1+ R2) ) * Vin = ( 500 / 700 ) * 12 = 8.571 V
V2 = ( R1 / ( R1+ R2) ) * Vin = ( 200 / 700 ) * 12 = 3.428 V
- Ket qua o c gan ung vi ly thuyet do nhieu nguyen nhan co the la sai so tren
cac thiet b .
Ghi chu : cac may o DC cung lam theo cach tng t .

2. Cach dung cac ong do e o dong hay ap .

Mot trong cac phng phap n gian hn e o dong ien la dung cac ong do von hay
ampe .
e lay ong do von chon bieu tng Voltage Probe tren thanh cong cu , Current
Probe e o dong ien .
at cac ong do vao cac v tr muon . Chay mo phong va xem ket qua.
Cach at ong do cho v du tren .

Hnh 3 - 4 : cach ac cac ong do va ket qua khi chay mo phong

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

So sanh ket qua vi cach o bang ong ho :

V1 = 4.39173 + 4.18367 = 5.5754 V

V2 = 4.18367 + (-7.58504) = 3.401 V
Ket luan : phep dung cac ong do cho ket qua gan ung vi ket qua dung ong ho o . Va
so vi ly thuyet cung khong sai lech nhieu .

3. Dung may o dao ong e o dao ong.

- Chung ta khao sat v du n gian dung may phat dao ong va may o giao ong .

Hnh 3 - 5: mach nguyen ly c ban dung may phat , may o dao ong.
-

Khi chung ta chay mo phong chng trnh se cung cap cho ta hnh dang cac may phat
va may o dao ong nh sau :

Hnh 3 6 : may o dao ong

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

Hnh 3 7 : may phat dao ong.

-

ieu chnh cac thong so cua may phat ,may thu , cac dang tn hieu cua may phat .
Xem ket qua thu c .
Chung ta co the dung may o dao ong e do dao ong cua tat ca cac mach nguyen ly
c ban ,cung nh o cac linh kien ien t c ban khac .
C PHAN TCH MACH BANG CAC O TH.
* Bieu tng cha cac o th dung cho phan tch mach :
- Pham mem proteus cung cap cho ngi s dung mot cong cu kha hu dung la cac o th
phan tch : song, tan so, am thanh, digital .
- Bieu tng lay cac o th phan tch :
- Khi chon bieu tng phan tch bang o th cac o th dung phan tch nam trong ca so
INSTRUMENTS , chon bieu tng o th can phan tch nhan va gi chuot trai e at o th
vao trang thiet ke en khi o th co o ln yeu cau .

Cac ac tnh c ban cua ca so Edit Graph :
Stt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Ten o th
Graph title
Start time
Stop time
Left Axis Label
Right Axis Label
Reference
Start reference
Stop reference
Sweep var
Start value
Stop value
Nom. Value

Y ngha
Ta e cua o th phan tch
Thi gian bat au qua trnh phan tch
Thi gian ket thuc qua trnh phan tch
Nhan truc trai
Nhan truc phai
Tan so
Tan so bat au
Tan so ket thuc
Bien quet
Tr so ban au AC,DC
Tr so ket thuc AC,DC
Tr so trung bnh

o th s dung
Tat ca
Transfer ,conformance,
digital,analogue,
digital,
AC sweep, DC sweep,
frequence ,noise ,

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13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

No. Steps
Interval
No. Steps/Interval
Play mode
Loop time
Sample Bits
Sample Rate
Max Frequency

Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

So bc phan tch
Khoang ngng
Khoang ngng bc
Mau phan tch
Thi gian lap lai qua trnh phan tch
So bit lay mau
Toc o lay mau
Tan so quet cao nhat

1. Phan tch Analog .

- Khao sat va phan tch mach c ban sau :

Hnh 3 - 8 : mach c ban dung IC741

Audio

Fourier

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

Cac bc phan tch mach Analog :

- at cong cu lay mau Vol qua bieu tng
at au do vao ngo ra cua 741 .
- Sa ten tn hieu lay mau la Output .Nhan chuot phai chuot tai bieu tng tn hieu sau o
nhan chuot trai ca so sa ten co dang sau :

Hnh 3 - 9 : ca so chnh sa ten tn hieu lay mau Vol Probe

- at lai ten cho tn hieu la OUTPUT.
- Lay o th phan tch Analogue t bieu tng tren thanh cong cu va a o th vao trang thiet
ke .

Hnh 3 - 10 : Hnh dang ban au cua o th a vao trang thiet ke

- Sau khi at o th vao trang thiet ke e chnh sa cac thong so c ban cua o th : chon o
th hay vao menu Graph -> Edit Graph xuat hien ca so Edit Graph co dang sau :

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

Hnh 3-11 : ca so chnh sa cac tnh chat cua o th

- Chnh sa cac thong so theo yeu cau phan tch : ten o th , thi gian lay mau phan tch .
- Tiep theo la at tn hieu can phan tch vao o th vao menu Graph -> Add Trace ca so e
them tn hieu phan tch vao o th co dang sau :

Hnh 3 - 12 : ca so them cac tn hieu phan tch vao o th

- v du tren chung ta dung hai tn hieu phan tch la Output ,Input .
- Sau khi them tn hieu can phan tch xong e chay phan tch o th chon o th sau o nhan
Space hay chon Simulate Graph (
) trong menu Graph.
- Sau khi chng trnh chay phan tch xong ket qua o th co dang sau :

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

Hnh 3 - 13 : o th ket qua phan tch Analogue

2. Phan tch tan so .

- Da vao mach c ban (hnh 3 - 4) , chon o th phan tch tan so (Frequency) them vao trang
thiet ke .
- Vao Add Trace them tn hieu OUTPUT vao o th , ay ta phan tch hai tn hieu eu la
OUTPUT.
- Vao trang Edit -> Graph sa tan so vao la INPUT (Reference).
- Tan so bat au va tan so ket thuc phan tch .

Hnh 3 -14 : ca so chnh sa o th phan tch tan so

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

- Sau khi chay o th phan tch ket qua o th co dang nh sau :

Hnh 3 -15 : Ket qua phan tch tan so .

3. Phan tch tieng on (Noise) .

- o th phan tch mach 741 (hnh 3-4) o th phan tch tieng on co dang nh sau .
- Cac thong so chnh nh phan tch tan so .

Hnh 3 -16 : Ket qua o th phan tch tieng on.

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

4. Phan tch Digital .

- Khao sat va phan tch mach c ban sau :

Hnh 3-17 : Mach em vong dung IC 4017

Cac bc phan tch tn hieu ra o th Digital :
- at cac ong do ien ap tuy trng hp au ra , ay co 9 tn hieu ra t Q0 -> Q8
va mot tn hieu xung clock vao .
- Cac bc lay o th va them cac tn hieu phan tch nh v du tren.
- Sau khi chay phan tch mach ket qua o th co dang nh sau.

Hnh 3 -18 : ket qua phan tch Digital

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

5. Phan tch am thanh .

- Xet mach c ban sau :

Hnh 3 - 19 : Mach c ban dung phan tch tn hieu am thanh .

- Chon o th phan tch am thanh
- Chnh sa cac thong so trong trang thuoc tnh cua o th phan tch :

Start time : 0.00

Stoptime : 1.0m

Play mode : Input

Loop time : 2.0

Sample bits : 16

Sample rate : 44100

Sau khi chnh sa cac thong so cua o th chay phan tch o th ket qua thu c nh sau:

Hnh 3-20 : Ket qua o th mo phong audio

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

6. Phan tch Fourier .

- Xet mach phan tch c ban sau :

Hnh 3 -21 : Mach c ban phan tch Fourier.

-

Chnh sa cac thong so c ban trong trang thuoc tnh cua o th (tan so ) va chay
phan tch mach ket qua thu c codang.
- Cac thong so o th trong v du :

Stop time : 100m

Frequency : 20k

Resolution :125

Hnh 3 22 : Bieu o phan tch Fourier.

Chu y : cac o th trong phan tch co the khong hien th ay u tnh chat hay co the khong
chnh xac neu nh ta e qua nho o th phan tch ,e m hoan toan ca so o th phan tch
nhan chuot trai tai tieu e ca so . Lu y la ca so luc o phai khong c chon .

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

Vd: m o th phan tch tan so va phan tch Fourier .

Hnh 3 33 : ca so ay u cua o th phan tch tan so

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

Hnh 3 -34 : ca so ay u cua o th phan tch Fourier

- Tai cac ca so cua o th phan tch chung ta co the dch chuyen , phong to , thu nho o th
can xem ,hay chnh sa cac thong so cua o th .
- Ngoai ra chung ta co the l o th thanh cac file bitmap , autocad , .. lam ket qua lu lai neu
nh chung ta can phan tch nhieu lan cho mot o th .
- Muon thoat ra tr ve trang thiet ke nhan ESC hay ong o th lai .

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

CHNG IV: VIET CHNG TRNH VA CHAY MO PHONG CHO

MACH VI X LY HO MCS51
I. CAC PHAN MEM DUNG SOAN THAO CHNG TRNH CHO VI X LY.
- e viet chng trnh cho vi x ly chung ta co the dung bat c phan mem c ban nao a biet ,
hay dung chnh phan mem ho tr trong Proteus co dang gan nh Notepad e soan thao .
Proteus ho tr SRCEDIT nam tronng th muc BIN cua chng trnh .
- iem ac biet cua SRCEDIT la phan mem ho tr nam trong chng trnh cua Proteus giup
ngi lap trnh co the sa cha trc tiep trong Proteus .
Cac phan mem thng dung :
- SRCEDIT , NOTEPAD chay trong WINDOW
- NC5 chay trong DOS
Khi viet 1 chng trnh cho vi x ly ho MCS51 nen lu tap tin lai di dang ASM e ngi
oc biet c tap tin o la nguon cho bien dch cua vi x ly .
II. PHAN MEM DUNG BIEN DCH
1. Phan mem dung e bien dch trong Proteus, moi trng e chay.
e bien dch cac tap tin nguon cua vi x ly th phai dung tap tin bien dch . Ptoteus
ho tr dch ra cac tap tin HEX, SDI e chay mo phong trong Proteus. Cac tap tin
dung bien dch trong Proteus nam trong th muc TOOLS -> ASEM51 tai ng
dan cua o a cng cai at ( vd : C :\Program File\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 6
Demonstration\Tools\ASM51 ).
Ngoai ra Proteus co the ho tr chay tap tin HEX ma dung cac chng trnh bien
dch khac nh ASM51 .Tuy nhien e chay Debug th phai dung chng trnh bien
dch cua Proteus
Do cac tap tin bien dch chay trong moi trng DOS nen khi chay trong WIN se co
cac ca so DOS ,do o e thuan li cho viec bien dch cac tap tin nguon th cac tap
tin nguon nen nam chung cung th muc cua tap tin dung bien dch . Hay dung cac
phan mem DOS e cho viec bien dch c e dang . Hay dung phan mem ho tr
nhap lenh trong Window nh Window Commander .
VD : e dch tap tin nguon trong th muc ASEM51 co ten dongho.asm cau truc n
gian nh sau : C:\ASEM51>ASEM.EXE dongho.asm ket qua cho ta tap tin HEX
dung e nap va tap tin LST la tap tin dung xem loi neu co trong chng trnh .
2. Dch t tap tin ASM sang tap tin HEX e nap vao vi x ly hay tap tin LST dung kiem
tra chng trnh viet, tap tin SDI dung xem hay chay tng bc phuc vu cho viec sa
loi .
Cau truc dch ra HEX : [DISK]:\ASEM51>ASEM..EXE FILE.ASM
Cau truc dch ra SDI : [DISK]:\ASEM51>ASEMDDX..EXE FILE.ASM

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

VD1: Dch tap tin ong ho sang HEX va SDI ,tap tin dung bien dch nam tai o a C
(chep hai tap tin bien dch vao trong cung 1 th muc ay la o C )
C:\ASEM51 DONGHO.ASM
C:\ASEMDDX DONGHO.LST
VD2: Dch tap tin ong ho sang HEX va SDI ,tap tin dung bien dch nam tai o a C
( dung chng trnh bien dch ASM51 )
C:\ASM51 DONGHO.ASM -> file OBJ
C:\OH DONGHO.OBJ
-> file HEX
Sau o ta co the dung tap tin HEX nay nap vao 80C51 e chay , tuy nhien do Proteus
khong tr giup ay cho cac phan mem bien dch khac nen ta khong the chay tng
bc c .
III. CACH NAP TAP TIN HEX VAO VI X LY .
1. Nap tren chp vi x ly .
e nap cho chp vi x ly chung ta dung tap tin HEX khi a dch .
- Nhap chuot phai vao vi x ly trong s o nguyen ly e chon vi x ly , sau o nhap
chuot trai vao trang thuoc tnh cua vi x ly ket qua nh hnh sau .

Hnh 4 1 : Ca so thuoc tnh vi x ly 8051

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Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

Tai dong Program File chon tap tin HEX e nap cho vi x ly . V du hnh tren nap tap
tin DICHTRAI.HEX vao vi x ly 8051 .
- Cach nap vao vi x ly nh tren kha phc tap va mat nhieu thi gian do phai sa
phan mem sa va bien dch lai .
2. Nap vao nguon tap tin ASM va ch nh chng trnh chay va nguon bien dch .
- Ban au khi m Proteus chng trnh khong the bien dch c cach t ong e
chng trnh co the bien dch cach t ong khi chung ta sa cha tap tin nguon chung
ta lam theo cach sau .
- e nap ng dan cho tap tin nguon vao Proteus : vao menu source -> add remove
source file ca so thong bao co dang sau :

Hnh 4 2 : ca so tao ng dan en tap tin nguon

-

Chon NEW va chon tap tin uoi ASM cho chng trnh cho vi x ly .
Tai muc Code Generation Tool -> Chon ASEM51 cho he vi x ly ho MCS51 .
Nhan OK e ket thuc viec chon .
( v du tren la chon ng dan en tap tin nguon DICHTRAI.ASM )

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3. Cai at tham so cho Proteus co the bien dch t ong (thong qua tap tin ASM) .
- Vao menu Source -> Define Code Generation Tools . . .cho ca so co dang nh sau.

Hnh 4 - 3 : ca so cai at chng trnh bien dch t ong

Trong o :

Code Generation Tool : ng dan cho tap tin dung bien dch ASEM ra tap tin HEX .

Make Rule : kiem tra tap tin chng trnh trong qua trnh bien dch .
- Source Extn : tap tin nguon
- Command line : dong lenh cho cong cu kiem tra .

%1 : cho tap tin nguon .

%2 : cho tap tin object .

%S : cho ng dan .

%~ : cho tap tin DSN .

Debug Data Extration : tao ng dan va tap tin cho bien dch tap tin g roi .

Disable automatic build rules : bo qua trnh bien dch va kiem tra t ong.

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Khi chung ta ieu chnh cac thong so tren chung ta co the m chng trnh nguon trong
Proteus bang cach vao menu Source chon tap tin can sa .

Hnh 4 4 : menu chon sa tap tin nguon

-

Sau khi chon tap tin , Proteus se t ong m chng trnh SCEDIT cua no cho chung ta
chnh sa trc tiep.

Hnh 4 5 : ca so chng trnh SCEDIT

-

Tai man hnh cua SCEDIT chung ta sa loi , lu va vao man hnh thiet ke chay chng
trnh . Luc o proteus se t ong bien dch lai cac tap tin phuc vu cho viec chay va g
roi.
Trong qua trnh sa va chay mo phong khi chung ta viet chng trnh ma co loi th
Proteus cung co kha nang kiem tra va thong bao dong loi trong ca so .

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Hnh 4 6 : ca so thong bao loi trong tap tin ASM

-

V du tren cho ta thong bao 3 loi cac dong 5,6,7 xem thong bao sa loi va chay .

IV. CHAY MO PHONG VA PHAN TCH

1. Bieu tng chay mo phong :
Bieu tng chay toan bo chng trnh thiet ke .




Bieu tng chay tng bc chng trnh thiet ke.


Bieu tng tam dng chng trnh ang chay ,hay chay chng trnh ang
trang thai tam dng.
Bieu tng dng toan bo chng trnh ang chay.

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2. Chay toan bo chng trnh thiet ke.

- Khi vi x ly c nap tap tin HEX , e chay vi x ly dung bieu tng Play pha di
ca so lam viec .Xem ket qua mo phong theo yeu cau thc te .
VD : chung ta chay chng trnh mach mo phong mach dch trai tren port 0 cua vi x ly
8051

Hnh 4 7 : Mach vi x ly n gian

Tap tin ASM chay mo phong P0 dch trai : DICHTRAI.ASM
org 0100h
LOOP1:
MOV A,#0FEH
LOOP3:
MOV P0,A
CALL DELAY1S
NE A,#80H,LOOP2
SJMP LOOP1
LOOP2:
RL A
JMP LOOP3
;------------------------;CHUONG TRINH CON DELAY 1S
;------------------------DELAY1S: MOV TMOD,#01H

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N4:

Sinh Vien : Pham Quoc Hiep

MOV R7,#20
MOV TH0,#HIGH(-50000)
MOV TL0,#LOW(-50000)
SETB TR0
JNB TF0,$
CLR TR0
CLR TF0
DJNZ R7,N4

RET
END

Dch va nap vao vi x ly , sau khi chay chung ta se thay cac LED sang dan qua trai sau
thi gian moi giay.
Khi chay toan bo chng trnh chung ta co the xem cac ket qua d lieu xuat ra tai cac
cong hay cac thanh ghi d lieu cua vi x ly qua ca so Watch Window.
Khi chng trnh ang chay toan phan , chung ta ch co the m mot ca so xem cac
thay oi nh cac Port , thanh ghi . . . bang ca so Watch Window .
e m ca so Watch Window khi chng trnh ang chay : vao menu Debug ->
Watch Window .Ca so Watch Window co dang nh sau :

Hnh 4 8 : ca so Watch Window

-

Tai man hnh ca so ta nhan chuot phai chon Add Item (By name) , hay nhan Alt + N
e vao trang chon cac cong hay thanh ghi can quan sat .

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Hnh 4 9 : ca so them cac bien quan sat

-

V du tren chung ta chon Port 0 la port can quan sat va TMOD . Cac bien trong ca so
co the quan sat bang BIN,HEX ,INTEGER trong Display Format khi nhan chuot
phai.

3. Chay tng bc trong chng trnh viet.

Proteus cung cap cho ta mot cong cu rat hu ch e sa loi cac chng trnh vi x ly .
Chung ta co the m cac ca so ve thanh ghi, bo nh hay code dung kiem tra tng dong
lenh trong chng trnh chnh cua vi x ly.

Cac ca so debug :
Trong qua trnh chay tng bc mot chng trnh chung ta co the m tat ca cac ca so
cha cac gia tr , cha ma nguon ASM , noi dung trong RAM

Hnh 4 10 : ca so ram , thanh ghi ,lenh se thc hien

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a. Ca so CPU Source Code .

- Ca so CPU Source Code phai co tap tin SDI dch ra trc o bang ASEMDDX.EXE
no cung cap cho ngi viet chng trnh cong cu xem chng trnh viet cho vi x ly
chay ung yeu cau cha qua cac bc c ban .
- V du khi chay Debug chng trnh mach vi x ly n gian tren m ca so CPU
Source Code trong menu Debug -> ca so dang sau :

Hnh 4 11 : ca so chay tng bc chng trnh

- Chon tap tin cua chng trnh chay tren vi x ly dang SDI .

Cach chay tng bc.
- Nhan chuot tren bieu tng pha di .
- Chon tren menu Debug.
- Nhan phm tat Ctrl + F12.

Cach chay mot oan chng trnh , s dung cac iem dng .
- Trong qua trnh chay e sa loi cho chng trnh neu nh chung ta c e cho chng
trnh chay tng bc lai sau moi lan sa cha th lam mat thi gian . Vd : chay tng
bc oan chng trnh a biet trc la ung ,hay chay ca cac bc trong chng trnh
con . Proteus cung cap cho ta mot cach rat manh e giup ngi lap trnh co the sa loi
de dang va co the dng tai dong cam thay co loi .

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Trong menu Debug :

-

Execute

(F12)

Step Over ( F10 )

: chay tng bc bo qua chay trong cac chng trnh con.

Step Into ( F11 )

: chay tng bc ca trong chng trnh con .

: chay tng bc ngoai trang thiet ke.

Step Out ( Crtl + F11 )
Step To ( F10 ) : chay en v tr hien thi cua con tro .

: chay toan bo chng trnh .

Chung ta co the chay mot oan cua chng trnh bang cach at cac iem dng.
Khi nhan nut Start chng trnh se chay cho en khi gap iem dng .
-

Bieu tng at iem dng trong ca so Code :

Phm tat e at iem dng : F9
Muon bo cac iem dng chng trnh chon lai vao bieu tng hay nhan F9 hai lan .