Driven Coupled Oscillators

Equations of motion of driven damped coupled oscillators

F(t)

1 = 1 0 1 2 1 + 0 cos
2 = 2 0 2 1 2

Equations of motion of driven damped coupled oscillators

+ 0
0
1 + 21 +
1
2 = 0 cos

+ 0
0
2 + 22 +
2
1 = 0

1 = 1 + 2 /2,
1 = 1 + 2 ,

2 = 1 2 /2
2 = 1 2

0
1 + 21 +
= cos ,
2
0
2
2 + 22 + 2 2 = cos ,
2
12 1

+ 20
2
2 =

12

Steady state solution:

1 = 1 cos 1 ,
0
1 =
2
0
2 =
2

2 = 2 cos 2

1
12

+ 42 2

1
22

+ 42 2

2
tan 1 = 2
1 2
2
tan 2 = 2
2 2

1 = 1 () + 2 () = 1 cos + 1 sin

2 = 1 () 2 () = 2 cos + 2 sin
1,2 = 1 cos 1 2 cos 2
0
=
2

12 2
22 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
+ 4
2 2 2 + 4 2 2

1,2 = 1 sin 1 2 sin 2

= 0

1
12

2 2

4 2 2

1
22 2

+ 42 2

For very small damping ( 0) ,

1,2 0
0
1
1
1,2

2
2 1 2 22 2
2 () 2 cos
22 12

2
1 () 1 cos 2 + 12 22

2 > 1

Special cases
2 ()
22 12
2
,
2
2
1 () 2 + 1 2

2 > 1 , 0

Case1:

= 1 ,

2 ()/1 () 1

Case2:

= 2 ,

2 ()/1 () 1

1 ,

2 () 22 12
2
>0
2
1 () 2 + 1

2 ,

2 ()
22 12

<0
2
1 ()
2

Case3:

Case4:

Mechanical filters
Bandpass filter:

For

2 ()
22 12
2
1 () 2 + 12 22

1 = 0 , 2 = 0 + , 0
2 ()/1 () 20 / 02 2

2 ()/1 () 0+ as

01 0

2 ()/1 () 0 as

2 0

Cut-off frequencies: 1 , 2

Band of pass frequencies: 2

Low-pass filter:

1 0
2 ()
22
2
1 () 2 22

For

0, 2 ()/1 = +1

For

2 / 2, 2 ()/1

For

= 2 , 2 ()/1 = 1

For

2 , 2 ()/1 () 0 as 2

Longitudinal waves

A chain of oscillators

i 1

i-1

i1

i+1

Continuum limit
1 () ( , )

+1 () () 1 ()

+1 () () 1 ()

Waves in a rod
x x

x x

x x,t

x,t

x x

A
x x

Longitudinal waves in thin rods

a

a
x

x x

F F

Youngs modulus of elasticity

Also,
Newtons law:

As

Acoustic waves in a gaseous medium

x x+x
a

aP

aP
+

||<<|x|

a(P+p+p)

a(P+p)
x +

Fractional change in volume

Change in pressure
compressibility

In an infinitely thin layer of gas,

Newtons law:

As