ECE53176351

MicrowaveEngineering
Fall2011
Prof.DavidR.Jackson
Dept.ofECE

Notes5
WaveguidesPart2:
ParallelPlateWaveguide

FieldEquations(fromNotes4)
Summary
Hx =

Ez
H z
j

k
z
c

y
x
kc2

Theseequationswillbeusefultous
inthepresentdiscussion.

j
Ez
H z
kz
H y = 2 c

x
y
kc
Ex =

Ez
H z
j

k
z

x
y
kc2

k 2 = 2 c
kc = ( k k
2

Ez
H z
j
+
Ey = 2 kz

y
x
kc

2 1/2
z

ParallelPlateWaveguide
Both plates assumed PEC
w >> d,

=0
x

Neglectx variation,
edgeeffects

Theparallelplatestrictureisagood1ST ordermodelfora
microstripline.

,
3

TEMMode
Parallelplatewaveguide
2conductors 1TEMmode

TosolveforTEMmode:
for
t2 = 0

0 xw
0 yd

Boundaryconditions:

( x, 0) = 0 ; ( x, d ) = V0
2
2
= 2 + 2 = 0
x y
2
t

k z = j = k =

c = k jk

= k
= k
c = j

TEMMode(cont.)
2
=0
2
y

where

( x, 0 ) = 0 & ( x, d ) = V0

( x, y ) = A + By
V
( x, y ) = 0 y ; 0 x w
d
0 yd

et ( x, y ) = t = y

@ y=0
A=0
@y=d

Vo

= y
d
y

E ( x, y, z ) = et ( x, y )e

jkz

B=

V0
d

V0 jkz
= y e
d

k z = k = c

c = j

TEMMode(cont.)
E ( x, y, z ) = y

V0 jkz
e
d

Recall

H=

( z E )

V0 jkz
H ( x, y, z ) = x
e
d
Forawaveprop.in+ z direction
y

Timeave.powerflowin+ z direction:

V0

P+ =

E
H
x

2
wd
1 V0
= Re * 2
2 0 0 d

=
P+ =

1 2 w 1 2 k z
V0 Re * e
2
d

1
Re ( E H ) z dS
2 s

2 k z
z z e
dydx)

1
1 2 1
V0 2 ( wd ) Re * e 2 k z
2
d

6

TEMMode(cont.)
Transmissionlinevoltage
y

V ( z ) = E y dy

k z = k = c

V ( z ) = V0 e jkz

I ( z ) = H ( x, d , z ) x dx
0

I0

CharacteristicImpedance
V0 e jkz
Z0 =
I 0 e jkz
Z0 =

V w
I ( z ) = 0 e jkz
d
Note:
PEC : J s = n H
+
sz

J = Hz

x
w

Transmissionlinecurrent

, ,

(Assume+ z wave)

d
w

PhaseVelocity(losslesscase)
vp =

c
=
=

r r

c = 2.99792458 108 m/s

7

TEMMode(cont.)
Forwavepropagatingin+ z direction
Timeave.powerflowin+z direction:
(calculatedusingthevoltageandcurrent)

1
Re {VI *}
2
V w * 2 k z
1
= R e V0 0 e

2
d

P+ =

P+ =
Recallthatwefoundfrom
thefieldsthat:

1 2 w 1
P = V0 Re * e 2 k z
2
d
+

1
1
2 w
V0 R e *
2
d

2 k z
e

same
Thisisexpected,sinceaTEMmodeisa
transmissionlinetypeofmode,whichis
describedbyvoltageandcurrent.
8

TEMMode(cont.)
WecanviewtheTEMmodeinaparallelplatewaveguideasa
pieceofaplanewave.
y

E
H
PEC

, ,

PMC

PMC

PEC

ThePECandPMSwallsdonotdisturbthefieldsoftheplanewave.
PEC :

n E = 0

PMC :

n H = 0
9

TMz Modes(Hz = 0)
Recall Ez ( x, y, z ) = ez ( x, y ) e jk z z

where
2
2
2
2 + 2 + kc ez = 0,
x y

1
2 2
z

kc = [ k 2 k ]

subject to B.C.s Ez = 0 @ y = 0, d
ez ( x, y ) = A sin(kc y ) + B cos(kc y )
@y=0 B=0
@ y = d kc d = n

n = 0,1, 2,.... kc =

n
d
10

TMz Modes(cont.)
n
ez ( x, y ) = A sin
y
d

n = 0,1, 2,...

n jkz z
ye
Ez = An sin
d

k z = k 2 kc2
n
= k

k 2 = 2 c

Recall:

j c Ez j c n
n
Hx = 2
= 2 An
cos
kc y
kc
d
d
jk Ez
jk
n
n
E y = 2z
cos
= 2z An

kc y
kc
d
d
Ex = 0

Hy = 0

No x variation

y e jk z z

y e jkz z

Hz = 0
11

TMz Modes(cont.)
Summary
n jk z z
Ez = An sin
ye
d

jk z
n jk z z
An cos
ye
kc
d
j c
n jk z z
Hx =
An cos
ye
kc
d
Ey =

Ex = H y = H z = 0
kc =

n
;
d

n = 0,1, 2,...

n
kz = k 2

d
k 2 = 2 c

Eachvalueofn correspondstoaunique
TMfieldsolutionormode.

TMn mode

Note:

n = 0 kz = k
TM 0 = TEM

(Inthiscase,weabsorbtheAn coefficient
withthekc term.)
12

TMz Modes(cont.)
LosslessCase
kc

kz = k

= k k
2

2
c

1
2

1
2

c = =
n = 0,1, 2,...

k 2 = 2

for k 2 > kc2

k z = = k 2 kc2
propagating mode

for k 2 < kc2

k z = j kc2 k 2 = j
e jk z z = e z

Fieldsdecayexponentially
evanescentfields
cutoffmode

13

TMz Modes(cont.)
Frequencythatdefinesborderbetweencutoffandpropagation
(losslesscase):
f cutofffrequency
= =
c

@ f = f cn

k = kc cn =

n
f cn =
2d

n
d

cutofffrequencyforTMn mode

f c1

fc2

fc3
14

TMz Modes(cont.)
Timeaveragepowerflowinz direction(losslesscase):

=
PTMn

1
Re ( E H * ) z dydx
2 0 0

wd

c = =

wd

1
*
= Re E y H x dydx
2 0 0

PTMn

2 n
Re{
}
cos
k
A
w
y
z
n
0 d dy
2kc2
d

;
0
n
>
2

= 2 Re{k z } An w 2

2kc
d ; n = 0
n = 0,1, 2,...

Realforf > fc
Imaginaryforf < fc

15

TEz Modes
Recall

H z ( x, y, z ) = hz ( x, y ) e jk z z

where
2
2
2
2 + 2 + kc hz ( x, y ) = 0,
x y

subject to B.C.s Ex = 0

1
2 2
z

kc = [ k k ]
2

@ y=0, d
1 H z H y

Ex =

z
j c y

hz = A sin(kc y ) + B cos(kc y )

PEC : H n = 0

@y =0 A=0
n
@ y = d kc d = n , n = 1, 2,3,... kc =
d

16

TEz Modes(cont.)
n
hz ( x, y ) = Bn cos
y n = 1, 2,3, ...
d
n jk z z
ye
H z = Bn cos
d

k z = k 2 kc2

Recall:

j H z j n n jk z z
= 2 Bn
Ex =
ye
sin
2
kc
kc
y
d d
jk H z
jk
n n jk z z
H y = 2z
y e
= 2z Bn
sin
kc y
kc
d d
Hx = 0

Ey = 0

No x variation

n
= k2

k 2 = 2 c

Ez = 0

17

TEz Modes(cont.)
Summary
n jkz z
H z = Bn cos
ye
d
j
n jkz z
Bn sin
ye
kc
d
jk z
n jkz z
Hy =
Bn sin
ye
kc
d
Ex =

H x = E y = Ez = 0
kc =

n
; n = 1, 2,...
d

n
kz = k 2

d
k 2 = 2 c

Eachvalueofn correspondstoa
uniqueTEfieldsolutionormode.

TEn mode
Cutofffrequency
n 1
f cn =

2d
18

AllModes
Forallthemodesofaparallelplatewaveguide,wehave
n 1
f cn =

2d

f c1

c = =

fc2

fc3

Themodewithlowestcutofffrequencyiscalledthedominant
modeofthewaveguide.
19

PowerinTEz Mode
Timeaveragepowerflowinz direction(losslesscase):

TEn

c = =

1
*
= Re ( E H ) z dydx
2 0 0

wd

wd

1
= Re Ex H *y dydx
2 0 0

TEn

2 n
k
B
W
y
Re{
}
sin
z
n

dy
2

2kc
d
0

4k

2
c

Re {k z } Bn

(Wd )

n = 1,2,..

Realforf > fc
Imaginaryforf < fc

20

FieldPlots
y

TEM
x
y
x

TM1
y
TE1

21