B MN: THC HNH X L S LIU THC NGHIM

TRONG PHNG TH NGHIM

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
GVHD: PHM MINH TUN
NHM: 4
LP: HTP8B
DANH SCH NHM
STT
1
2
3
4
5

BI 1:

H V TN
Nguyn Th Vn
ng Th Nhung
L Th Hng Lin
Hong Hu Trung
Trng Cng V

MSSV
12064671
12089271
12054971
12128641
12001685

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
- p-value = 0.8701>0,05 cho thy khng c s khc
bit v hiu sut trch ly ca 2 loi dung mi
mc ngha =5%.
- C th chn c 2 loi dung mi ny (diethyl eter,
cn) trch ly polyphenol. Tuy nhin theo
kin c nhn, ta nn chn cn v gi thnh r v
khng gy nh hng nhiu ti sc khe.
PH LC:
>hieusuat<-c(68,63,74,66,75,52,84,58,84,62)
>dungmoi<-gl(2,5)
> data1<-data.frame(dungmoi,hieusuat)
>plot(data1)

> shapiro.test(hieusuat)
#

p-value = 0.7311 >0.05 nn hiu sut trch ly ca

2 dung mi tun theo lut phn phi chun.

2

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
>var.test(hieusuat~dungmoi)
#

p-value =0.06226 >0.05 nn khng c s khc bit

v phng sai ca hai loi dung mi.

> t.test(hieusuat~dungmoi,var.equal=T)
#

p-value = 0.8701

BI 2:
11.4
11.3
11.2
thi gian bn bt

11.1
11
10.9
10.8
1

10

mu thc phm

p-value = 1.319e-07 < 0.05 nn thi gian bn bt hki

s dng CMC c ngha thng k mc 0.05. Khi s
dng ph gia, thi gian bn bt ca t 1.22h cao hn
thi gian bn bt ca mu i chng 0.05h. Nn ph
gia CMC c tc dng ko di thi gian bn bt. V vy
c th s dng loi ph gia ny trong ch bin
PH LC:
>dc=c(1.10,0.99,1.05,1.01,1.02,1.07,1.10,0.98,1.03,
1.12)
>CMC=c(1.25,1.31,1.28,1.20,1.18,1.22,1.22,1.17,1.19,
1.21)
> t.test(dc,CMC,paired=TRUE)
3

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG

Paired t-test

data:

dc and CMC

t = -8.7467, df = 9, p-value = 1.078e-05

alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is
not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
-0.2215188 -0.1304812
sample estimates:
mean of the differences
-0.176
BI: 3
Loi Enzyme
A
B
C
D

Lng acid amin tng s

18.17c
+1.17
a
14.80
+0.84
c
19.00
+0.82
ab
16.25
+1.17

Ch thch: cc k t a,b,c trn cng mt ct ch

s khc bit lng acid amin tng s trong nc mm
khi s dng cc loi enzyme thy phn khc nhau.

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
20
18
16
14
12
Lng acid amin tng s (mg/kg)

10
8
6
4
2
0
1

Loi enzyme

BIU :

kh nng thy phn ca tng loi enzyme(Trong

1=A;2=B; 3=C;4=D)

Qua kt qu p-value=7.463e-05<0.05 cho thy lng

acid amin trong nc mm c s khc bit theo thng
k mc anpha=0.05. lng acid amin t cao nht khi
s dng enzyme C v hm lng ny theo thng k khng
c s khc bit khi s dng enzyme A, C nhng li c
s khc bit khi s dng enzyme B,D. v vy t
hiu qu cao chng ti ngh s dng enzyme C
thy phn trong qu trnh sn xut nc mm.
PH LC:
>acidamin=c(17,18,17,20,19,18,14,15,16,15,14,19,20,18
, 19,16,15,16,18)
>group=c(rep("A",6),rep("B",5),rep("C",4),rep("D",4))
> group=as.factor(group)
> analysis=lm(acidamin~group)
> anova(analysis)
Analysis of Variance Table
5

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG

Response: acidamin
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value
group

3 50.564 16.8547

Residuals 15 16.383

Pr(>F)

15.431 7.463e-05 ***

1.0922

--Signif. codes:
0.1 1

0 *** 0.001 ** 0.01 * 0.05 .

> av=aov(acidamin~group)
> TukeyHSD(av)
diff

lwr

upr

p adj

B-A -3.3666667 -5.1905943 -1.5427391 0.0004459

C-A

0.8333333 -1.1109800

2.7776467 0.6151972

D-A -1.9166667 -3.8609800

0.0276467 0.0539882

C-B

4.2000000

2.1794103

6.2205897 0.0001307

D-B

1.4500000 -0.5705897

3.4705897 0.2079384

D-C -2.7500000 -4.8798886 -0.6201114 0.0098498

BI 4:
Nng ph gia(%)
0.5
0.3
0.1

ng knh ca bnh
71.14 a +_ 6.89
63.71 ab +_ 6.63
61.14 b +_ 7.15

Ch thch: cc k t a,b,c trn cng mt ct ch

s khc bit kh nng trng n ca bnh ti cc nng
ph gia s dng khc nhau

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG

ng knh bnh (cm)

72
70
68
66
64
62
60
58
56

nng ph gia(%)

Biu th hin s ph thuc gia kh nng trng n

v nng ph gia
Theo kt qu ta thy gi tr p-value=0.037<0.05 cho
thy mc trng n ca bnh l khc nhau khi s
dng ph gia cc nng khc nhau. t hiu qu
cao nht khi s dng ph gia chng ti ngh s
dng ph gia nng 0.3%
PH LC:
>phugia=c(68,80,69,76,68,77,60,71,62,58,74,65,59,
57,58,60,70,51,57,71,61)
>group=gl(3,7)
>group<- as.factor (group)
>data<-data.frame(group,phugia)
>analysis<-lm(phugia~group)
>anova(analysis)
# p- value =0.037<0.05 nn c s khc bit gia 3
loi nng ph gia.
>res<-aov(phugia~group)
>TukeyHSD(res)
7

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
2-1

-7.428571 -16.83138

1.9742350 0.1369187

3-1 -10.000000 -19.40281 -0.5971936 0.0361071

3-2

-2.571429 -11.97423

6.8313778 0.7677005

BI 5:
Da vo php kim nh t.test gia mu th nghim
v mu i chng chng ta c p-value = 4.327e-05
<,0.05 nn c s khc bit v ngha thng k gia
hai yu t mc ngha thng k anpha= 5%.Do ,c
s khc bit gia hm lng izozym EST trong mu
nhng ngi tip xc lu di, trc tip vi ha cht
vi nhng ngi khng tip xc trc tip vi ha
cht.
PH LC:
>dc=c(3.45,3.58,3.59,3.62,3.59,3.57,3.35,3.74,3.29,3.
48,3.45,3.58,3.59,3.62,3.59,3.57,3.35,3.74,3.29,3.48,
3.45,3.58,3.59,3.62,3.59,3.57,3.35,3.74,3.29,3.48,3.4
5,3.58,3.59,3.62,3.59)
>tn=c(3.57,3.57,3.59,3.58,3.67,3.69,3.74,3.58,3.74,3.
75,3.61,3.78,3.67,3.69,3.35,3.58,3.68,3.59,3.58,3.58,
3.68,3.59,3.58,3.74,3.75,3.61,3.78,3.67,3.69,3.74,3.5
8,3.68)
>t.test(dc,tn)
#

p-value = 4.327e-05

BI 6:
> khongthich=c(15,33)
8

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
> thich=c(132,145)
> t.test(khongthich,thich,paired=T)
> # p-value = 0.0139 (<0.05) cho thy s khc bit v
mc cm quan ca mt rau cu khi s dng 2 loi
hng liu (hng chanh dy v hng vani) c s khc
bit c ngha thng k mc ngha = 5%
>data6=matrix(c(15,132,33,145),2,2,dimnames=list(c("K
hongthich","Thich"),c("Huongchanhday","Huongvani")))
> barplot(data6,col="green")
KT LUN:
- Mc a thch i vi hng chanh dy: 132/
(15+132)*100 = 87,79%
- Mc a thch i vi hng vani:
145/(33+145)*100 = 81.46%
Suy ra chanh dy c mc yu thch cao hn nn s
dng hng chanh dy.
Biu th hin mc yu thch gia hng vani v
hng chanh dy.

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG

Biu th hin mc yu thch gia hng chanh

dy v hng vani qua s lng ngi
BI 7:
VNG
I
II
III

Hm lng saponin (%)

7.19c
+_
0.43
a
4.22
+_
2.88
b
5.48
+_
2.42

Ch thch: cc k t a,b,c trn cng mt ct ch

s khc bit hm lng saponin khi ly nhn sm cc
vng khc nhau

Qua gi tr p-value=0.584> 0.05 cho thy c s khc

bit v hm lng saponin thu c gia 3 vng mc
ngha 0.05. thu c hm lng saponin cao nht
v hiu qu nht chng ti ngh ly nhn sm
vng I

10

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
8
7
6
5
Hm lng saponin (%) 4
3
2
1
0
1

VNG

Biu th hin hm lng trung bnh ca nhn sm

ty vo tng vng trng
PH LC:
>saponin=c(7.53,6.87,7.12,7.53,6.84,6.67,7.81,5.87,
5.64,6.14,6.07,5.79,6.13,6.35,6.5,6.49,6.55,6.63)
>group<- as.factor (rep(1:3,c(7,5,6)))
> data3<-data.frame(group,saponin)
>shapiro.test(saponin)
# p-value = 0.584> 0.05 nn bng s liu tun theo
phn phi chun.
>analysis<-lm(saponin~group)
>anova(analysis)
# p- value <0.05 nn c s khc nhau v hm lng
saponi ga cc vng.
>res<-aov(saponin~group)
>TukeyHSD(res)
diff

lwr

upr

p adj

2-1 -1.2937143 -1.76514063 -0.8222879 0.0000098

3-1 -0.7540476 -1.20197156 -0.3061237 0.0014894
3-2

0.5396667

0.05214608

1.0271873 0.0293357

11

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
BI 8:
Nu ti l nhn vin R & D ti s chn cc tnh
cht sau
trong sn phm 1
mu sn phm 1
Hng sn phm 1 hoc
Hng sn phm 2
V mn sn phm 2

PH LC:
> dotrong1 = c(7,6,7,8,9,7,8,9,7,8)
>

dotrong2= c(6,5,5,6,4,5,6,7,5,6)

>t.test(dotrong1,dotrong2)
# p-value = 6.895e-05 <0.05 ,c s khc bit gia
dotrong1 v ddootrong2 mc ngha anpha = 5%.Bn
cnh trung bnh cua dotrong1 =7.6 >trung bnh ca
dotrong2 =5.5. Nn ti chn dotrong1( trong ca sn
phm 1)
> domau1 <- c(8,7,8,9,9,8,6,7,8,7)
> domau2 <- c(5,6,5,7,5,4,6,5,6,5)
>t.test(domau1,domau2)
# p-value = 2.074e-05 <0.05.c s khc bit c
ngha mc anpha= 5% gia domau1 v omau2.Mt khc
trung bnh ca domau1= 7.7> trung bnh ca domau2=
5.4 nn ti chn domau1( mu ca sn phm 1).
> huong1 <- c(8,7,8,7,6,7,7,8,8,9)
12

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
> huong2 <- c(7,8,6,5,5,7,8,9,8,8)
>t.test(huong1,huong2)
#p-value = 0.445 >0.05 khng c s khc bit c
ngha thng k mc ngha anpha 5% gia huong1 v
huong2 .Vy chn huong1 hoc huong2 u c.
> viman1 <- c(8,6,7,6,7,8,7,6,7,6)
> viman2 <- c(7,8,7,8,9,7,8,8,9,8)
>t.test(viman1,viman2)
#p-value = 0.004765 <0.05 c s khc bit c ngha
mc anpha= 5% gia viman1 va viman2. Mt khc trung
bnh ca viman1= 6.8< trung bnh ca viman2= 7.9 nn
ti chn viman2(v mn ca sn phm 2).
BI 9:
A<- matrix(c(124,107,26,43),nrow=2,byrow=T)
>chisq.test(A)
data: A
X-squared = 4.8184, df = 1, p-value = 0.02816
Kt lun: p-value =0.0286< 0.05,c s khc nhau mc
ngha 5% gia hai sn phm A,B.ti nhn thy SP A
c t l ngi hi lng trn tng s l 0.83> 0.71 l
t l ngi yu thch SP B,nn ti s chn SP A s
dng.
BI 10:
Qua gi tr p value=0.1066>0.05 ta thy khng c s
khc bit gia sn phm ang bn v sn phm ci
13

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
tin. Cng ty khng nn tung sn phm ci tin ra th
trng.
PH LC:
db<-c(6,8,7,8,8,9,7,5,6,7,7)
ct<-c(8,8,9,7,8,7,7,9,8,9,8)
>t.test(ban,caitien, pair=T)
# p-value = 0.1066

BI 11:
Nhm 1(55 pht) 17.72a

+-

0.90

Nhm 2(70 pht) 21.07b

+-

0.58

Nhm 3(85 pht) 23.3b

+-

1.31

Nhm4(100 pht) 24.38c

+-

0.49

Nhm5(115 pht) 24.98c

+-

0.74

Ch thch: cc k t a,b,c trn cng 1 ct ch s

khc bit hiu sut trch ly khi s dng enzyme cc
thi gian khc nhau.
Qua gi tr Pr(>F)=6.491e-06 < 0.05 ta thy c s
khc bit hiu sut trch ly khi thi gian trch ly
khc nhau. Hiu sut trch ly thu c khng c s
khc bit khi thi gian trch ly l 100, 115 pht
nhng li c s khc bit khi thi gian l 55, 70, 85
pht. hiu sut trch ly hiu qu chng ti
ngh s dng enzyme vi thi gian trch ly l 100
pht
PH LC :
>group =c(1,1,1,2,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,4,5,5,5)
14

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
>y=c(16.77,18.56,17.83,21.52,20.42,21.27,22.16,24.73,
23.01,24.92,24.27,23.96,24.73,24.41,25.82)
>group<- as.factor(group)
>analysis<- lm(y~group)
>anova(analysis)
# p-value= 6.491e-06< 0.05.C s khc bit gia cc
nhm thi gian mc ngha anpha=5%.
>res<- aov(y~group)
>TukeyHSD(res)
diff

lwr

upr

p adj

2-1 3.3500000

1.05617893 5.643821 0.0050152

3-1 5.5800000

3.28617893 7.873821 0.0000889

4-1 6.6633333

4.36951226 8.957154 0.0000185

5-1 7.2666667

4.97284560 9.560488 0.0000084

3-2 2.2300000 -0.06382107 4.523821 0.0576303

4-2 3.3133333

1.01951226 5.607154 0.0054137

5-2 3.9166667

1.62284560 6.210488 0.0016040

4-3 1.0833333 -1.21048774 3.377154 0.5541443

5-3 1.6866667 -0.60715440 3.980488 0.1868802
5-4 0.6033333 -1.69048774 2.897154 0.9030810

15

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
30
25
20
Hiu sut trch ly

15
10
5
0
55

70

85

100

115

thi gian

Biu th hin hiu sut trch ly ph thuc vo

thigian trch ly.

BI 12:
GING LA
Nng sut
1
7,00 c
+c
2
8,60
+3
4,60 a
+ab
4
4,80
+Ch thch: cc k t a,b,c trn cng 1 ct

1,00
1,14
1,14
0,84
ch s

khc bit nng sut la khi trng cc ging la khc

nhau
KT LUN: Nng sut ca cc ging khc nhau khng
phi do ngu nhin m do phm cht ging( do Pr(>F)=
3.229e-05).nng sut la khng c s khc bit
ging 1, 2 nhng li c s khc bit ging 3,4.
t c hiu qu tt nht, chng ti ngh chn
ging 2 ph bin rng ri trong sn xut

16

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
10
9
8
7
6
Nng sut (kg thc/n v din tch

5
4
3
2
1
0
1

Ging la

BIU : biu hin nng sut trung bnh ca cc ging la.

PH LC:
> thi.nghiem=gl(4,5)
>giong.lua=c(8,7,6,6,8,9,10,7,9,8,5,5,4,3,6,5,4,5,4,6
)
> bai12=data.frame(thi.nghiem,giong.lua)
> group=as.factor(thi.nghiem)
> analysis=lm(giong.lua~group)
> anova(analysis)
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value
group

54.55

18.183

Pr(>F)

16.915 3.229e-05 ***

> av=aov(giong.lua~group)
> TukeyHSD(av)
17

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
diff
2-1

lwr

1.6 -0.2760962

upr

p adj

3.4760962 0.1091981

3-1 -2.4 -4.2760962 -0.5239038 0.0102311

4-1 -2.2 -4.0760962 -0.3239038 0.0189329
3-2 -4.0 -5.8760962 -2.1239038 0.0000822
4-2 -3.8 -5.6760962 -1.9239038 0.0001458
4-3

0.2 -1.6760962

2.0760962 0.9897700

BI 13:
Nng enzyme
0

Hm lng vitamin C
49.83 a
+_
2.03

0.05
78.12a
+_
1.51
b
0.1
89.03
+_
1.33
b,c
0.15
91.74
+_
0.90
c,d
o.2
94.32
+_
0.72
d
0.25
96.75
+_
1.38
d
0.3
97.57
+_
1.16
Ch thch:cc k t a,b,c trn cng 1 ct ch s
khc bit hm lng vitamin C((mg/g) tnh theo hm
lng cht kh) thu c khi s dng cc nng
enzyme(%)khc nhau.
Qua

kt

qu

p-value=2.389*10-15<0.05

cho

thy

hm

lng vitaminC (mg/g) cc nng ch phm c s

khc bit theo thng k mc alpha =5%. Hm lng
vitamin C t gi tr cao nht(theo cht kh) khi s
18

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
dng ch phm nng 0.3% v hm lng ny theo
thng k khng c s khc bit khi s dng ch phm
cc nng (0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%)tuy nhin li
c s khc bit so vi khi s dng cc nng
(0.05%,0.1%). V vy hm lng Vitamin C

t hiu

qu chng ti ngh chn nng l 0.15%

PH LC:
>vtm=c(49.02,48.33,52.14,76.43,78.64,79.31,88.65,90.5
2,87.94,90.75,92.51,91.96,93.56,94.42,94.99,95.23,97.
12,97.91,96.41,97.56,98.73)
>group= c(gl(7,3))
>group<- as.factor (group)
>data<-data.frame(group,vtm)
>analysis<-lm(vtm~group)
>anova(analysis)
#P-value= 2.389e-15 C s khc nhau mc ngha 5%
gia cc nhm
>res<-aov(vtm~group)
>TukeyHSD(res)
$group
diff

lwr

upr

p adj

2-1 28.2966667 24.5355155 32.057818 0.0000000

3-1 39.2066667 35.4455155 42.967818 0.0000000
4-1 41.9100000 38.1488488 45.671151 0.0000000
5-1 44.4933333 40.7321822 48.254484 0.0000000
6-1 46.9233333 43.1621822 50.684484 0.0000000
7-1 47.7366667 43.9755155 51.497818 0.0000000
3-2 10.9100000

7.1488488 14.671151 0.0000018

4-2 13.6133333

9.8521822 17.374484 0.0000001

19

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
5-2 16.1966667 12.4355155 19.957818 0.0000000
6-2 18.6266667 14.8655155 22.387818 0.0000000
7-2 19.4400000 15.6788488 23.201151 0.0000000
4-3

2.7033333 -1.0578178

6.464484 0.2468338

5-3

5.2866667

1.5255155

9.047818 0.0040668

6-3

7.7166667

3.9555155 11.477818 0.0000992

7-3

8.5300000

4.7688488 12.291151 0.0000325

5-4

2.5833333 -1.1778178

6.344484 0.2892414

6-4

5.0133333

1.2521822

8.774484 0.0063632

7-4

5.8266667

2.0655155

9.587818 0.0017029

6-5

2.4300000 -1.3311512

6.191151 0.3506392

7-5

3.2433333 -0.5178178

7.004484 0.1131016

7-6

0.8133333 -2.9478178

4.574484 0.9873690

2. V th
120
100
80
60
40
20
Hm lng vitamin C (mg/g)
0

nong ch phm (%v/w)

BIU NH

NNG ENZYME N HM LNG VITAMIN C

BI 14:
>ngi=c(245,145,367,170,270,48)

20

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
> A=matrix( ng, nrow=2,ncol=3, byrow=T, dimnames =
list(c("tang 1.5 - 3","tang 0.5-1"), c("td1", "td2",
"td3")))
> chisq.test(A)
Pearson's Chi-squared test
data:

X-squared = 249.9598, df = 2, p-value < 2.2e-16

Su tang can co lien quan den thuc don.
KT LUN : do gi tr p-value = 2.2e-16 < 0.05 nn c
s khc nhau gia cc thc n 1,2,3

v s khc nhau

ny c ngha thng k, mc ngha 5%. Nhn thy

thc n 3 c s tc ng mnh n cn nng nht(367
ngi tng 1.5- 3Kg/ thng trn tng s 415 ngi)nn
ti chn thc n 3 gip b
nh nhn ly li cn
n
ng ban u
BI 15:
>bai15<matrix(c(157,189,170,92,8,12,17,35,3,5,7,28),n
row=3,ncol=4,byrow=T,dimnames=list(c("cu trc
tt","cu trc va","cu trc t"),c("pg a","pg
b","pg c","i chng")))
> chisq.test(bai15)
X-squared = 97.153, df = 6, p-value < 2.2e-16
> # P-value < 2.2e-16 nn c s khc bit v cu trc
sn phm khi s dng cc loi ph gia khc nhau c
mc ngha anpha = 5%.
21

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
> barplot(bai15)

BU TH HIN KH NNG CI THIN CU TRC YAGOURT CA CC LOI PH GIA( LOI

A,B,C,D).

BI 16:
Bng: nh hng ca nng enzyme ln hiu sut thu
hi dch trit
Nng enzyme(%)
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3

Hiu sut(%)
21.80a 1.67
25.60b 1.42
27.90bc 0.45
29.40c 1.07
30.90c 1.35
30.77c 0.83
30.87c 1.12

Ghi ch: k t a,b,c trn cng 1 ct ch s khc bit

v hiu sut thu hi dch chit khi s dng cc nng
enzyme khc nhau

22

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG

hm lng phenol (%)

35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

nng enzyme (%)

Biu : nh hng ca nng enzyme ln hiu sut

trch ly
Gi tr P-value = 1.062.10-6<

cho thy hm lng

phenol cc nng enzyme c s khc bit theo

thng

vi

=5 .

Hm

lng

polyphenol

cao

nht(30.87% theo nng kh)khi s dng enzyme

nng 0.3% v hm lng ny theo thng k khng c
s khc bit khi s dng enzyme cc nng 0.2%,
0.25%, 0.15% . Tuy nhin li c s khc bit so vi
khi s dng cc nng 0.1%, 0.05%. V vy
trch ly polyphenol hiu qu chng ti ngh chn
nng enzyme l 0.15%.
Ph lc:
> a<c(0,0,0,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.15,0.15,0.15,0.2
,0.2,0.2,0.25,0.25,0.25,0.3,0.3,0.3)
> a<- as.factor(a)

23

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
> b<c(20.3,21.5,23.6,24.5,25.1,27.2,27.4,27.9,28.3,28.5,2
9.2,30.6,29.8,30.5,32.4,30.1,31.7,30.5,29.9,32.1,30.6
)
> lien<- data.frame(a,b)
> lien
> attach(lien)
> analysis<-lm(b~a)
> analysis
> anova(analysis)
Analysis of Variance Table
Response: b
Df
a

Sum Sq Mean Sq F value

6 211.011

Residuals 14

19.827

35.169

Pr(>F)

24.833 1.062e-06 ***

1.416

--Signif. codes:
0.1 1

0 *** 0.001 ** 0.01 * 0.05 .

> res<-aov(b~a)
> TukeyHSD(res)
diff

lwr

upr

p adj

0.05-0

3.80000000

0.4821762

7.117824 0.0204195

0.1-0

6.06666667

2.7488429

9.384490 0.0003359

0.15-0

7.63333333

4.3155096 10.951157 0.0000276

0.2-0

9.10000000

5.7821762 12.417824 0.0000035

0.25-0

8.96666667

5.6488429 12.284490 0.0000042

24

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
0.3-0

9.06666667

0.1-0.05

2.26666667 -1.0511571

5.584490 0.2944358

0.15-0.05

3.83333333

0.5155096

7.151157 0.0191830

0.2-0.05

5.30000000

1.9821762

8.617824 0.0012773

0.25-0.05

5.16666667

1.8488429

8.484490 0.0016225

0.3-0.05

5.26666667

1.9488429

8.584490 0.0013557

0.15-0.1

1.56666667 -1.7511571

4.884490 0.6776210

0.2-0.1

3.03333333 -0.2844904

6.351157 0.0835979

0.25-0.1

2.90000000 -0.4178238

6.217824 0.1057066

0.3-0.1

3.00000000 -0.3178238

6.317824 0.0886875

0.2-0.15

1.46666667 -1.8511571

4.784490 0.7355928

0.25-0.15

1.33333333 -1.9844904

4.651157 0.8072163

0.3-0.15

1.43333333 -1.8844904

4.751157 0.7542256

0.25-0.2

-0.13333333 -3.4511571

3.184490 0.9999992

0.3-0.2

-0.03333333 -3.3511571

3.284490 1.0000000

0.10000000 -3.2178238

3.417824 0.9999999

0.3-0.25

5.7488429 12.384490 0.0000037

BI 17:
Qua php kim nh chiq.test ta thy p-value < 2.2e16(<0.05) nn c s khc bit gia ba loi t A,B,C
mc ngha thng k anpha = 5%.
Loi t

T l

0.81

0.78

0.71

Bng th hin t l gi tr cy tt trn tng s cy.

25

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
Qua bng trn ti sut nn chn loi t A
trng cy, v t l cy tt trn tng s cy = 0.809
l t l cao nht trong ba loi t kho st.

PH LC:
>bai17=matrix(c(170,40,180,50,150,60),nrow=2,ncol=3,
byrow=TRUE
>chisq.test(bai17)
# p-value < 2.2e-16
BI 18:
Mi quan h gi nng benzene v mt quang c
biu th

bngphng trnh

y= 1.7531x 0.1394. Nh vy khi nng benzene tng

th mt quang thu c cng tng.
PH LC:
> am= c(0.2,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0)
>cn= c(0.2,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0)
> AM= c(0.2,0.37,0.64,0.93,1.22,1.50,1.80)
>thu= data.frame(cn,AM)
>lm(cn~AM)
lm(formula = cn ~ AM)
Coefficients:
26

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
(Intercept)

AM

-0.1394

1.7531

2. Vth
2
1.8

f(x) = 0.61x
R = 1

1.6
1.4
1.2
Mt o quang (Am)

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

Nng benzen (g/l)

th biu din mi quan h gia nng benzene v mt quang

BI 19:
CNG SUT SIU M
HM LNG VITAMIN C
0
50.53a
+_
0.85
b
150
96.57
+_
0.83
c
188
100.5
+_
0.82
d
225
103.3
+_
0.80
c
263
100.73
+_
1.30
b, c
300
98.43
+_
0.75
Ch thch: a,b,c l cc ch ci khc nhau th hin s
khc bit c ngha khong tin cy 95% ca phng
php kim nh anova mt yu t. GTTB= gi tr trung
bnh,SD= lch chun
Nhn xt:
- C s khc nhau v hm lng vitamin khi s dng
cng sut siu m khc nhau mc ngha 5%.

27

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
- Ti chn cng sut 225 v cng sut ny c s
khc bit nht v c gi tr trung bnh hm lng
vitamin C ln nht.
PH LC:
>vtmc=c(50.5,49.7,51.4,96.3,95.9,97.5,100.7,101.2,99.
6,103.6,102.4,103.9,100.6,102.1,99.5,97.7,98.4,99.2)
>group= gl(6,3)
>group= as.factor(group)
>data= data.frame(group,vtmc)
> analysis=lm(vtmc~group)
>analysis<-lm(vtmc~group)
>anova(analysis)
# Pr(>F)= 2.57e-16
>res= aov(vtmc~group)
>TukeyHSD(res)
diff

lwr

upr

p adj

2-1 46.0333333 43.5339177 48.53274899 0.0000000

3-1 49.9666667 47.4672510 52.46608233 0.0000000
4-1 52.7666667 50.2672510 55.26608233 0.0000000
5-1 50.2000000 47.7005843 52.69941566 0.0000000
6-1 47.9000000 45.4005843 50.39941566 0.0000000
3-2

3.9333333

1.4339177

6.43274899 0.0020483

4-2

6.7333333

4.2339177

9.23274899 0.0000122

5-2

4.1666667

1.6672510

6.66608233 0.0012540

6-2

1.8666667 -0.6327490

4.36608233 0.1959441

4-3

2.8000000

0.3005843

5.29941566 0.0253118

5-3

0.2333333 -2.2660823

2.73274899 0.9994785

6-3 -2.0666667 -4.5660823

0.43274899 0.1294844

5-4 -2.5666667 -5.0660823 -0.06725101 0.0429643

28

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
6-4 -4.8666667 -7.3660823 -2.36725101 0.0003088
6-5 -2.3000000 -4.7994157

0.19941566 0.0780319

2. V th
120
100
80
Hm lng Vitamin C(mg/g)

60
40
20
0
0

150 188 225 263 300

cng sut (W)

BIU NH HNG CNG SUT SIU M N HM LNG VITAMIN C

Bi 20:
Phng php

Hiu sut thu hi dch chit

B sung enzyme

80.11

+-

1.67

Sng siu m

71.42

+-

2.36

Kt hp

87.11

+-

1.27

Ch thch: cc k t a,b,c trn cng 1 ct ch s

khc bit hiu sut thu hi dch chit khi s dng
cc phng php khc nhau.
Qua php kim nh anova ta thy

p-value= 0.0001333

< 0.05 nn c s khc bit v ngh thng k gia

cc nhm mc ngha 5%. Nhng t hu qu cao
nht v hiu sut thu hi dch chit cao nht chng
ti nghi s dng phng php kt hp sng siu m
v s dng enzyme.
29

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
100
90
80
70
60
50

Hiu sut thu hi dch chit (%)

40
30
20
10
0
1

phng php

Biu
phng

th

php(ch

hin

hiu

thch:1-b

sung

sut

thu

hi

enzyme;2-Sng

enzyme
siu

qua

m;3-Kt

cc
hp

Enzyme v sng siu m)

PH LC:
>group=c(1,1,1,2,2,2,3,3,3)
>y=c(80.67,78.23,81.42,69.13,73.85,71.27,88.14,87.51,
85.69)
>group<- as.factor(group)
>analysis<- lm(y~group)
# Pr(>F)= 0.00013
>res<- aov(y~group)
>TukeyHSD(res)
diff

lwr

upr

p adj

2-1 -8.690000 -13.260802 -4.119198 0.0027037

3-1

7.006667

2.435865 11.577469 0.0079069

3-2 15.696667

11.125865 20.267469 0.0001059

BI 21:
30

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
> x<- c(0,1,2,3,4)
> nongdo<- x*20/10
> doquang<-c(0,0.396,0.788,1.178,1.569)
> data21<-data.frame(doquang,nongdo)
>

plot(doquang~nongdo,pch=16,xlab="Nngnitrat

(ml)",ylab="Mtoquang
(Am)",sub="Miquanhgianngnitratvmtoquang")
> reg<-lm(doquang~nongdo)
> abline(reg)
> summary(reg)
> legend(5,0.5,c("y=0.196x\nRsquare=1"))
Tnhtonktqu:
-

Mtoquangtrungbnhcamunc:

y =

1.023+1.657
=1.34
2

(Am)
- Nngnitratcmutrongnc:

x=

y
H s p h a lo ng
0.196

1.34
10=68.4
0.196

(ppm)

31

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG

BI 22:
gi tr p-value = 0.02886 <0.05 th hin c s khc
nhau v s lng hng chnh phm trc v sau khi
thay i cng ngh mc tin cy 95%.S lng ph
phm sau khi thay i cng ngh gim so vi trc khi
i cng ngh.Nn cng ty nn thay i cng ngh.

PH LC:
>mdat=matrix(c(38,

92,462,708),nrow=2,ncol=2,byrow=

TRUE)
>chisq.test(mdat)
X-squared = 4.7757, df = 1, p-value = 0.02886

32

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
Bi 23:
Loi tr

Mc yu thch

Tr rau m

6.29ab

Tr da

6.70c

Tr kh qua

6.40a

+- 0.24
+-

0.21

+- 0.26

Ch thch: cc k t a,b,c trn cng 1 ct ch s

khc bit mc yu thch ca ngi th i vi cc
loi tr khc nhau.
6.8
6.7
6.6
6.5
mc yu thch

6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
6
tr rau m

tr da

tr kh qua

loi tr

Biu th hin mc yu thch i vi cc loi tr

Qua gi tr p-value=0.00212<0.05 ta thy c s khc

bit v mc yu thch ca ngi th i vi cc
loi tr trn. Vi s im trung bnh cao nht (6.7tr da) m ngi th cho th ta thy rng sn
phm tr da c ngi tiu dng yu thch nht.
PH LC:
>group=c(rep(1,10),rep(2,10),rep(3,10))
33

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
>y=c(6.2,6.2,6.5,6.2,6.4,6.5,6.5,6.2,5.8,6.2,6.6,6.3,
6.7,6.6,6.7,7.0,6.5,6.9,6.4,6.9,6.4,6.4,6.5,6.0,6.6,
6.4,6.5,6.1,6.3,6.8)
>group<- as.factor(group)
>analysis<- lm(y~group)
>

anova(analysis)

Df

Sum Sq Mean Sq F value

group

Pr(>F)

2 0.78867 0.39433

7.8 0.00212 **

>res<- aov(y~group)
>TukeyHSD(res)
diff

lwr

upr

p adj

2-1

0.39

0.1406846

0.63931542 0.0017111

3-1

0.13 -0.1193154

0.37931542 0.4113043

3-2 -0.26 -0.5093154 -0.01068458 0.0396760

BI 24:
> Am=c(0,0.375,0.73,1.127,1.43)
> nongdo=c(0,1,2,3,4)
> bai23=data.frame(nongdo,Am)
> plot(Am~nongdo,pch=16)
> abline(lm(Am~nongdo))
> lm(Am~nongdo)
lm(formula = Am ~ nongdo)
Coefficients:
(Intercept)

nongdo
34

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
0.0100
> #

0.3612

Phng trnh ng chun y = 0.3612x + 0.01

> Cx=(((0.875+0.89)/2)- 0.01)/0.3612

> y=hamluong.NO3=(Cx*10*100*100)/(1000*1000*3*10)
> y
[1] 0.008051864
KT LUN: Hm lng st c trong 2 mu thc n gia
sc l 0.8%
BI 25:
Gi tr pvalue= 4.95e-05 < 0.05 nn c s khc bit
gia A v B c ngha thng k mc anpha = 5%. Da
vo mean of X (gi tr trung bnh ca A) v mean of Y
(gi tr trung bnh ca B)ta thy gi tr trung bnh
ca ging B ln hn ging A nn kh nng ca cho sa
ca ging B tt . Nn ti chn ging B.
PH LC:
>B=c(rep(205,7),rep(215,9),rep(225,8),rep(235,8),rep(
245,14),rep(255,11),rep(265,6),rep(275,5))
>A=c(rep(205,14),rep(215,21),rep(225,20),rep(235,13),
rep(245,5),rep(255,4),rep(265,3),rep(275,2))
[58] 265 265 265 265 265 265 275 275 275 275 275
> var.test(A,B)
# pvalue=0.1219>0.05 nn s khc bit v phng sai
gia A v B khng c ngha. Ta s dng T.test cng

35

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
phng sai
>t.test(A,B,var.equal=T)
t = -4.1809, df = 148, p-value = 4.95e-05
95 percent confidence interval:
-19.137101

-6.852856

sample estimates:
mean of x mean of y
225.9756

238.9706

BI 26:
Bng : Gi tr t l ny mm gia cc ging
Ging

T l ny mm

0.65

0.21

0.67

Ta thy p-value = 5.46e-12 < 0.05 nn c s khc

nhau v ngha thng k gia cc ging la mc
ngha anpha = 5% m theo bng ta thy t l ca i
mch cao nht nn ta chn ging C sn xut malt

36

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
100%
80%
60%
t l(%)

40%
ht khng ny mm
20%

ht ny mm

0%
A

ging

Biu th hin t l ny mm ca cc loi ging

BI 27:
GING NG LAI
1
2
3
4

NNG SUT
4.56 a +0.11
ab
3.96
+0.18
ac
5.28
+0.84
ab
3.88
+0.497

Ch thch: cc k t a,b,c trn cng 1 ct th

hin s khc bit nng sut gia cc ging ng lai
khc nhau.
Qua gi tr p-value=0.001352<0.05 ta thy cc ging
ng c nng sut khc bit c ngha thng k mc
anpha=5%. Nng sut ging ng 2,4 th khng c s
khc bit nhng ging ng 1,3 th li c nng sut
khc bit. t hiu qu v nng sut cao th chng
ti khuyn nng dn nn canh tc ging ng 1.

37

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
6
5
4
nng sut

3
2
1
0
ging 1

ging 2

ging 3

ging 4

ging ng lai

BIU TH HIN NNG SUT TRUNG BNH CU CC GING NG QUA CC LN TH

NGHIM.

PH LC:
>giong=c(4.5,4.6,4.7,4.6,4.4,3.8,4.2,3.8,3.9,4.1,4.4,
6.3,4.5,5.3,5.9,3.5,4.2,4.3,4.2,3.2)
>group=c(rep("giong1",5),rep("giong2",5),rep("giong3
,5),rep("giong4",5))
> group=as.factor(group)
> analysis=lm(giong~group)
> anova(analysis)
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value
group

6.312 2.10400

Pr(>F)

8.4583 0.001352

# P- value = 0.001352 (< 0.05) c s khc nhau gia

cc nhm mc ngha thng k =5%
> av=aov(giong~group)
38

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
> TukeyHSD(av)
Fit: aov(formula = giong ~ group)
$group
diff

lwr

upr

p adj

giong2-giong1 -0.60 -1.5024692

0.3024692 0.2659806

giong3-giong1

0.72 -0.1824692

1.6224692 0.1438289

giong4-giong1 -0.68 -1.5824692

0.2224692 0.1780807

giong3-giong2

0.4175308

2.2224692 0.0035176

giong4-giong2 -0.08 -0.9824692

0.8224692 0.9940433

1.32

giong4-giong3 -1.40 -2.3024692 -0.4975308 0.0021023

BI 28:
Phng trnh ng chun y=
Hm

lng

ppm

trong

0.1851 x +0.007
2

mu

nc

ln

lt

0.00339(ppm) , 0.00337(ppm)
> am= c(0,0.297,0.563,0.835,1.119)
>chuan=(0:4)
>cx= (chuan*15/10)
>th= data.frame(am,cx)
>lm(am~cx)
Coefficients:
(Intercept)

cx

0.0076

0.1851

# phng trnh ng chun y= 0.1851x+0.0076

> m1= c((0.762-0.0076)/0.1851)
39

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
> m2= c((0.757-0.0076)/0.1851)
> Mn2= c((m2/1000)*(250/3)*(10/1000))
> Mn1= c((m1/1000)*(250/3)*(10/1000))
> Mn1
[1] 0.003396362
> Mn2
[1] 0.003373852
BI 29:
Nhn thy p-value th nht p-value=0.0306*< 0.05 ,
p-value th 2 bng 1.03e-05 *** < 0.05 nn ta c
phng trnh y= 1.3966X.
Tnh ton:
%poli phenol=(Cx.Vmu)/(1000.Vm.100/p)
PH LC:
cm=c(1,2,3,4,5,6)*100/30
> am=c(0.087,0.273,0.407,0.544,0.694,0.902)
>ph=lm(cm~am)
>plot(cm~am,pch=16,sub="moi quan he giua nong do va
mat do",xlab="matdo",ylab="nongdo")
>abline(ph)
>summary(ph)
>lengend(1,1,c("y=21.1972*am/nR-squared=0.9934
Bi 30:
x<-c(0,0.04,0.08,0.12,0.16)
> y<-c(0,0.244,0.528,0.8,1.084)
> bai30<-data.frame(x,y)
40

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
> summary(lm(y~x))
Residuals:
1

0.0136 -0.0148 -0.0032 -0.0036

0.0080

Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) -0.013600

0.009912

-1.372

0.101160

67.319 7.22e-06 ***

6.810000

0.264

--Signif. codes:

0 *** 0.001 ** 0.01 * 0.05 .

0.1 1

Residual

standard

error:

0.0128

on

degrees

of

freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.9993,

Adjusted R-squared:

0.9991
F-statistic:

4532 on 1 and 3 DF,

Phng trnh hi quy

p-value: 7.223e-06

y=6.81x

Tm nng mu 2: 0.883 = 6.81 x

X = 0.1297
p dng cng thc pha long: 0.1297.10 = x.1
41

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
Nng ng ca mu 2 trong 100ml mu l 1.297 g/l
Khi lng ng c trong 100ml mu: 1.297 x 0.1 =
0.1297g
Hm lng l 1.297%
Khi lng cht kh trong 10g l 10.15%=1.5
Hm lng dg trong 1.5g cht kh: 0.1297/1.5

BI 31:
1. Dng kim nh ANOVA 1 yu t
42

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
- do gi tr p value=0.2552>0.05 ta thy Kh nng
pht trin ca rau cu khng khc bit khi

nh sng

khc nhau mc nghi 5%

- Nu b qua nhit th ti s nui trng rau cu
ch nh sng A2 v rau cu pht trin tt hn do
c lng tng khi lng cao hn A1 (11.15 > 8.30).
PH LC:
> group<-c(rep(1,6),rep(2,6))
> group=as.factor(group)
>
a=c(12.5,12.7,8.3,8.5,3.8,4,15.5,15.7,11.5,12,6,6.2)
> kq=data.frame(group,a)
> attach(kq)
> analysis=lm(a~group)
> anova(analysis)
Df
group

Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)

24.368

24.367

Residuals 10 167.275

16.727

2. S dng ANOVA 2 yu t
Ch nhit
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6

1.4567 0.2552

Lng tng khi lng(g)

12.6a +- 0.14
8.4b +- 0.14
3.9c +- 0.14
15.6d +- 0.14
11.75e +- 0.35
6.1f +- 0.14

Vi 2 gi tr p-value ca a =2.402e-07<0.05 v pvalue ca b =9.725e-09<0.05 ta thy nhit v nh

sng u nh hng ti kh nng pht trin ca rau
cu.khi khng xt nh hng ca nhit th nn
trng rau cu ch nh sng A2, nhng khi khng
43

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
xt ti s nh hng ca nhit th nn trng rau
cu ch nhit B4 v nhng ch ny lng
tng sinh khi rau cu l ln nht. chnh v vy
trng rau cu ch nh sng A2 v nhit B4 l
thch hp nht.
PH LC:
> a= gl(2,6,12)
> b= gl(6,2,12)
>pt=c(12.5,12.7,8.3,8.5,3.8,4.0,15.5,15.7,11.5,12.0,
6.0,6.2)
> A=as.factor(a)
> A=as.factor(b)
>kq= data.frame(a,b,pt)
>attach(kq)
>twoway<-lm(pt~a+b)
>anova(twoway)
Df

Sum Sq Mean Sq F value

Pr(>F)

24.368

24.368

649.8 2.402e-07 ***

4 167.050

41.762

1113.7 9.725e-09 ***

> group<-c(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6)
> group=as.factor(group)
>
a=c(12.5,12.7,8.3,8.5,3.8,4,15.5,15.7,11.5,12,6,6.2)
> analysis=lm(a~group)
> kq=data.frame(group,a)
> attach(kq)
> analysis=lm(a~group)
> anova(analysis)
44

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
Df

Sum Sq Mean Sq F value

group

5 191.417

Residuals

0.225

38.283

Pr(>F)

1020.9 1.061e-08 ***

0.038

--Signif. codes:

0 *** 0.001 ** 0.01 * 0.05 .

0.1 1
> res=aov(a~group)
> TukeyHSD(res)
diff

lwr

upr

p adj

2-1 -4.20

-4.970694 -3.42930599 0.0000043

3-1 -8.70

-9.470694 -7.92930599 0.0000001

4-1

3.00

2.229306

3.77069401 0.0000368

5-1 -0.85

-1.620694 -0.07930599 0.0326881

6-1 -6.50

-7.270694 -5.72930599 0.0000007

3-2 -4.50

-5.270694 -3.72930599 0.0000032

4-2

7.20

6.429306

7.97069401 0.0000004

5-2

3.35

2.579306

4.12069401 0.0000180

6-2 -2.30

-3.070694 -1.52930599 0.0001747

4-3 11.70

10.929306 12.47069401 0.0000000

5-3

7.85

7.079306

8.62069401 0.0000002

6-3

2.20

1.429306

2.97069401 0.0002250

5-4 -3.85

-4.620694 -3.07930599 0.0000071

6-4 -9.50 -10.270694 -8.72930599 0.0000000

6-5 -5.65

-6.420694 -4.87930599 0.0000014

> by(a,group,mean)
group: 1
[1] 12.6
group: 2
[1] 8.4
45

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
group: 3
[1] 3.9
group: 4
[1] 15.6
group: 5
[1] 11.75
group: 6
[1] 6.1
BI 32:
1
.
sut

Nu b qua nh hng ca ging la ln nng

-Bng : Gi tr ca cc loi t
L t 1

31.55

L t 2

31.63

+-

3.01

L t 3

33.93

+-

2.87

L t 4

33.23

+-

L t 5

33.90

Qua php kim nh anova ta thy

+-

1.85

3.48
+-

3.50

p-value=0.6551 >

0.05 nn ko c s khc bit c ngha thng k gia

cc nhm mc ngha anpha =5% nn chn l t no
cng c.
PH LC:
> group<-c(1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5)
> group=as.factor(group)

46

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
>
a=c(32.8,33.3,30.8,29.3,34,30,34.3,28.2,34.3,36.3,35.
3,29.8,35,36.8,32.3,28.8,36.5,34.5,35.8,28.8)
> kq=data.frame(group,a)
> attach(kq)
> analysis=lm(a~group)
> anova(analysis)
Df
group

Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)

22.357

5.5893

Residuals 15 135.212

9.0142

0.6201 0.6551

> res=aov(a~group)
> TukeyHSD(res)
diff

lwr

upr

p adj

2-1

0.075 -6.48063 6.63063 0.9999996

3-1

2.375 -4.18063 8.93063 0.7944543

4-1

1.675 -4.88063 8.23063 0.9298920

5-1

2.350 -4.20563 8.90563 0.8004375

3-2

2.300 -4.25563 8.85563 0.8121928

4-2

1.600 -4.95563 8.15563 0.9398952

5-2

2.275 -4.28063 8.83063 0.8179607

4-3 -0.700 -7.25563 5.85563 0.9971524

47

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
5-3 -0.025 -6.58063 6.53063 1.0000000
5-4

0.675 -5.88063 7.23063 0.9975270

2 . Nu xt s nh hng ca ging la v khu vc

canh tc ln nng sut thu hoch
Qua php kim nh anova ta thy p-value ca t
=0.5985 > 0.05,p-value ca ging=0.2096 > 0.05 nn
khng c s sai khc v nga thng k mc
anpha=5% gia cc nhm nn chn nhm no cng c
PH LC:
>dat=gl(5,4,20)
>giong=gl(4,5,20)
>id=1:20
>score=c(32.8,33.3,30.8,29.3,34,30,34.3,28.2,34.3,36.
3,35.3,29.8,35,36.8,32.3,28.8,36.5,34.5,35.8,28.8)
>data<-data.frame(dat,giong,id,score)
>attach(data)
>anova(lm(score~dat+giong) )
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
dat

4 22.357

5.5893

0.7134 0.5985

giong

3 41.191 13.7303

1.7524 0.2096

BI 33:
# s tc ng ring r ca ging v mi trng n
kh nng cho sinh khi ti ca 6 chng nm men bnh
m.
*GING:
GING

Nng sut cho sinh khi (g)

48

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
1
10.9 a
+4.49
b
2
13.6
+4.19
a
3
9.89
+3.25
a b
4
11.8
+3.7
b
5
12.67
+3.43
c
6
15.3
+4.97
Ch thch: cc k t a,b,c trn cng 1 dng ch s
khc bit kh nng cho sinh khi ti ca cc chng
nm men khc nhau
P value=2.2e-16<0.05 ta thy c s khc bit mang
ngha thng k mc 5%. Kh nng cho sinh khi ti
chng nm men 1,3 v 2,5 c s ging nhau nhng
chng 4,6 li cho sinh khi khc nhau. Nhng ging 6
c nng sut cho sinh khi cao nht.
*MI TRNG:
Mi trng
1
2
3
4
5
Ch thch: cc k t

Nng sut cho sinh khi (g)

5.78 a
+- 1.16
ab
13.09
+- 1.45
cd
14.6
+- 1.19
16.09 d
+- 4.42
b
12.53
+- 3.62
a,b,c,d trn cng 1 ct th

hin s khc nhau v kh nng cho sinh khi ca nm

men khi nui nm men cc mi trng khc nhau.
Kt lun: qua p value=2.2e-16<0.05 ta thy c s
khc nhau kh nng cho sinh khi ti cc mi
trng khc nhau. Nhng c hiu sut cao nht, t
tn km nht th chng ti ngh chn mi trng 3
# S tng tc gia ging v mi trng
P-value< 2.2e-16<0.05 cho thy nh hng tng tc
gia ging v mi trng c ngha thng k mc
49

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
ngha anpha =5%. V vy c yu t mi trng v ging
nm men u nh hng n kh nng cho sinh khi ti
ca 6 chng nm men bnh m.
PH LC:
> giong=gl(6,3,90)
> moitruong=gl(5,18,90)
>score=c(5.112,5.066,4.987,5.786,6.562,6.378,4.258,3.
129,5.024,5.231,5.124,5.358,6.587,6.786,6.841,7.068,7
.257,7.524,11.235,12.481,12.547,12.021,12.046,12.008,
11.547,11.787,12.002,11.958,12.548,12.032,13.245,14.8
47,14.023,14.568,15.618,15.097,14.056,14.648,14.358,1
4.978,15.092,15.642,12.321,12.819,12.458,15.647,16.55
0,16.542,14.562,14.734,15.023,15.003,14.347,14.175,16
.542,16.95,16.724,17.687,18.572,18.235,9.687,7.566,8.
654,13.214,14.866,14.035,15.698,17.214,16.571,20.158,
24.75,22.547,7.023,6.219,6.354,15.874,16.830,16.325,1
2.358,12.21,12.564,11.369,11.657,11.587,11.387,11.553
,10.987,16.871,17.161,17.289)
> data=data.frame(moitruong,giong,id,score)
> attach(data)
> twoway=lm(score~moitruong + giong)
> anova(twoway)
# Qua trung bnh bnh phng(mean square),ti nhn
thy nh hng ca mi trng c v quan trng hn l
nh hng ca ging.Tuy nhin, c hai nh hng u
c ngha thng k mc ngha anpha = 5% v tr
s P rt thp cho hai yu t( moitruong:P-value=
2.2e-16;going: P-value= 5.21e-09).
>anova(
twoway<-lm(score~moitruong+giong+moitruong*giong))
50

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
Df

Sum Sq Mean Sq F value

Pr(>F)

moitruong
4 1125.81 281.451 699.217 < 2.2e-16
giong
5 278.79 55.758 138.520 < 2.2e-16
moitruong:giong 20 330.90 16.545 41.103 < 2.2e-16
# S tng tc gia ging v mi trng
P-value=2.2e-16<0.05( cho nh hng tng tc). nh
hng tng tc gia ging v mi trng c ngha
thng k mc ngha anpha =5% n kh nng cho
sinh khi ti ca 6 chng nm men bnh m.
# s tc ng ring r ca ging v mi trng n
kh nng cho sinh khi ti ca 6 chng nm men bnh
m.
> res=aov(score~moitruong+giong)
> res=aov(score~moitruong+giong)
> TukeyHSD(res)
Fit: aov(formula = score ~ moitruong + giong)
$moitruong
diff

lwr

2-1

7.0851111

5.1252181

3-1

8.8265000

6.8666070 10.7863930 0.0000000

4-1 10.3106667

8.3507736 12.2705597 0.0000000

5-1

6.7522222

4.7923292

8.7121153 0.0000000

3-2

1.7413889 -0.2185041

3.7012819 0.1055540

4-2

3.2255556

1.2656625

5.1854486 0.0001532

5-2 -0.3328889 -2.2927819

1.6270041 0.9894838

4-3

3.4440597 0.2245574

1.4841667 -0.4757264

upr

p adj

9.0450041 0.0000000

51

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
5-3 -2.0742778 -4.0341708 -0.1143847 0.0326370
5-4 -3.5584444 -5.5183375 -1.5985514 0.0000247
$giong
diff

lwr

2.6489333

0.4027711

4.8950956 0.0114153

3-1 -1.0612000 -3.3073622

1.1849622 0.7390421

4-1

0.8944000 -1.3517622

3.1405622 0.8530289

5-1

1.7170667 -0.5290956

3.9632289 0.2348854

6-1

4.3420667

6.5882289 0.0000036

2-1

2.0959044

upr

p adj

3-2 -3.7101333 -5.9562956 -1.4639711 0.0000950

4-2 -1.7545333 -4.0006956

0.4916289 0.2140833

5-2 -0.9318667 -3.1780289

1.3142956 0.8300814

6-2

1.6931333 -0.5530289

3.9392956 0.2488588

4-3

1.9556000 -0.2905622

4.2017622 0.1243464

5-3

2.7782667

0.5321044

5.0244289 0.0067840

6-3

5.4032667

3.1571044

7.6494289 0.0000000

5-4

0.8226667 -1.4234956

3.0688289 0.8920120

6-4

3.4476667

1.2015044

5.6938289 0.0003424

6-5

2.6250000

0.3788378

4.8711622 0.0125404

BI 34:
PH LC:
>tl=gl(5,15,75)
>tg=gl(5,3,75)

52

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
>hs=c(40.41,42.50,39.50,45.58,45.21,46.67,47.27,47.36
,48.79,49.44,49.53,50.53,49.74,50.17,51.17,37.38,37.4
7,38.47,49.56,49.65,50.56,50.91,51.00,52.00,53.75,53.
55,54.55,54.54,54.63,55.63,45.91,46.00,47.00,54.24,54
.33,55.33,59.49,59.58,60.58,60.65,60.74,61.74,61.04,6
1.13,62.13,52.04,52.13,53.13,62.26,62.35,63.35,68.17,
68.26,69.26,74.44,74.53,75.53,76.36,76.45,77.45,59.86
,59.95,60.95,68.52,68.61,69.61,73.68,73.77,74.77,78.8
5,78.94,79.94,79.47,79.56,80.56)
>dat= data.frame(tl,tg,hs)
>twoway<-lm(hs~tl+tg)
>anova(twoway)
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq

F value Pr(>F)

tl

4 7277.9 1819.48

383.35 < 2.2e-16

tg

4 2916.5

153.62 < 2.2e-16

729.11

#c2 yu t t l(tl)v thi gian xay(tg)u c Pvalue< 2.2e-16,nn u c nh hng n hiu sut xay
mc ngha 5%,tuy nhin nh hng ca yu t t l
c v mnh hn thi gia xay(MeanSq ca tl=1819.48>
MeanSq ca tg)
> anova(twoway<-lm(hs~tl+tg+tl*tg))
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq

F value

Pr(>F)

tl

4 7277.9 1819.48 3871.787 < 2.2e-16

tg

4 2916.5

tl:tg

16

289.8

729.11 1551.527 < 2.2e-16

18.11

38.536 < 2.2e-16

# tng tc cng gp gia tl:tg c nh hng n hiu

sut xay (P-value< 2.2e-16) mc ngha 5% v tc
ng cng gp ny thp hn so vi tc ng ring r
ca tng yu t(MeanSq ca tl:tg=18.11).
53

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG
# tc ng ring r ca tng yu t n hiu sut xay
>res<-aov(hs~tl+tg)
>TukeyHSD(res)
Fit: aov(formula = hs ~ tl + tg)
$tl (t l)
diff

lwr

upr

p adj

2-1

2.652000

0.4209105

4.883089 0.0118786

3-1

9.734667

7.5035772 11.965756 0.0000000

4-1 20.122667 17.8915772 22.353756 0.0000000

5-1 25.544667 23.3135772 27.775756 0.0000000
3-2

7.082667

4.8515772

9.313756 0.0000000

4-2 17.470667 15.2395772 19.701756 0.0000000

5-2 22.892667 20.6615772 25.123756 0.0000000
4-3 10.388000

8.1569105 12.619089 0.0000000

5-3 15.810000 13.5789105 18.041089 0.0000000

5-4

5.422000

3.1909105

7.653089 0.0000000

$tg(thi gian)
diff
2-1

lwr
8.875333

upr

p adj

6.644244 11.106423 0.0000000

3-1 12.812667 10.581577 15.043756 0.0000000

4-1 16.267333 14.036244 18.498423 0.0000000
5-1 17.155333 14.924244 19.386423 0.0000000
3-2

3.937333

1.706244

6.168423 0.0000522

4-2

7.392000

5.160911

9.623089 0.0000000

5-2

8.280000

6.048911 10.511089 0.0000000

4-3

3.454667

1.223577

5.685756 0.0004635

5-3

4.342667

2.111577

6.573756 0.0000076

5-4

0.888000 -1.343089

3.119089 0.7974094

54

BI TP TIN HC NG DNG

55