2JKNKR /C\\GK

UVCTVGF YJCV DGECOG VJG TUV EQOOGTEKCN XKPG[CTF KP VJG

%QOOQPYGCNVJ QH 8KTIKPKC 6JG[ UJCTGF CP KPVGTGUV KP
RQNKVKEU CPF NKDGTVCTKCP XCNWGU CPF OCKPVCKPGF CP CEVKXG
EQTTGURQPFGPEG HQT VJG TGUV QH /C\\GKU NKHG
+P  /C\\GK TGVWTPGF VQ +VCN[ CU C UGETGV CIGPV HQT
VJG UVCVG QH 8KTIKPKC *G RWTEJCUGF CPF UJKRRGF CTOU VQ
VJGO WPVKN  #HVGT DTKG[ XKUKVKPI VJG 7PKVGF 5VCVGU
CICKP KP  /C\\GK VTCXGNNGF VJTQWIJQWV 'WTQRG RTQ
OQVKPI 4GRWDNKECP KFGCNU *G YTQVG C RQNKVKECN JKUVQT[
QH VJG #OGTKECP 4GXQNWVKQP 3FDIFSDIFT IJTUPSJRVFT FU
QPMJUJRVFT TVS MFT &UBUT6OJT EF M"NFSJRVF TFQUFOUSJPOBMF
CPF RWDNKUJGF KV KP 2CTKU KP  #HVGT KVU RWDNKECVKQP
/C\\GK DGECOG CP WPQEKCN TQXKPI CODCUUCFQT KP 'W
TQRG HQT #OGTKECP KFGCU CPF KPUVKVWVKQPU
9JKNG KP VJG 2QNKUJ.KVJWCPKCP %QOOQPYGCNVJ JG DG
ECOG CVVCEJGF CU C 2TKX[ %QWPEKNQT CV VJG EQWTV QH -KPI
5VCPKUNCWU ++ 6JGTG JG DGECOG CESWCKPVGF YKVJ 2QN
KUJ NKDGTCN CPF EQPUVKVWVKQPCN VJQWIJV NKMG VJG YQTMU QH
9CYT\[PKGE )T\[OCC )QNKEMK CPF KFGCU QH )QNFGP
(TGGFQOU CPF )TGCV 5GLO -KPI 5VCPKUNCWU ++ CRRQKPVGF
/C\\GK VQ DG 2QNCPFU TGRTGUGPVCVKXG KP 2CTKU YJGTG JG
CICKP OGV ,GGTUQP
#HVGT 2QNCPF YCU RCTVKVKQPGF DGVYGGP 4WUUKC CPF 2TWUUKC
KP  /C\\GK CNQPI YKVJ VJG TGUV QH VJG 2QNKUJ EQWTV
YCU IKXGP C RGPUKQP D[ VJG 4WUUKCP ETQYP *G NCVGT
URGPV OQTG VKOG KP (TCPEG DGEQOKPI CEVKXG KP VJG RQNKVKEU
QH VJG (TGPEJ 4GXQNWVKQP WPFGT VJG &KTGEVQTCVG 9JGP
0CRQNGQP QXGTVJTGY VJCV IQXGTPOGPV /C\\GK TGVWTPGF VQ
2KUC +VCN[ *G FKGF VJGTG KP  #HVGT JKU FGCVJ VJG
TGOCKPFGT QH JKU HCOKN[ TGVWTPGF VQ VJG 7PKVGF 5VCVGU CV
VJG WTIKPI QH 6JQOCU ,GGTUQP 6JG[ UGVVNGF KP /CU
UCEJWUGVVU CPF 8KTIKPKC /C\\GKU FCWIJVGT OCTTKGF C
PGRJGY QH ,QJP #FCOU

1IJMJQ .B[[FJ D

Philip Mazzei
+VCNKCP RTQPWPEKCVKQP =OCVVUGK? DWV UQOG
VKOGU GTTQPGQWUN[ EKVGF YKVJ VJG PCOG QH 1IJMJQ .B[[JF
&GEGODGT    /CTEJ   YCU CP +VCNKCP
RJ[UKEKCP # ENQUG HTKGPF QH 6JQOCU ,GGTUQP /C\\GK
CEVGF CU CP CIGPV VQ RWTEJCUG CTOU HQT 8KTIKPKC FWTKPI
VJG #OGTKECP 4GXQNWVKQPCT[ 9CT

Biography
2 Mazzei letter

/C\\GK YCU DQTP Filippo Mazzei KP 2QIIKQ C %CKCPQ

KP 6WUECP[ CU C UQP QH &QOKPKEQ CPF 'NKUCDGVJC=?
*G UVWFKGF OGFKEKPG KP (NQTGPEG CPF RTCEVKEGF KP +VCN[
CPF VJG /KFFNG 'CUV HQT UGXGTCN [GCTU DGHQTG OQXKPI VQ
.QPFQP KP  VQ VCMG WR C OGTECPVKNG ECTGGT CU CP
KORQTVGT +P .QPFQP JG YQTMGF CU C VGCEJGT QH +VCN
KCP NCPIWCIG=? 9JKNG KP .QPFQP JG OGV VJG #OGTKECPU
$GPLCOKP (TCPMNKP CPF 6JQOCU #FCOU QH 8KTIKPKC 6JG[
EQPXKPEGF JKO VQ WPFGTVCMG JKU PGZV XGPVWTG

/CP[ DKQITCRJGTU DGNKGXG ,GGTUQP CPF 9CUJKPIVQP JCF

C HCNNKPI QWV QXGT C NGVVGT ,GGTUQP UGPV VQ /C\\GK KP
+VCN[ YJKEJ ECNNGF 9CUJKPIVQPU CFOKPKUVTCVKQP #PINK
ECP OQPCTEJKECN CPF CTKUVQETCVKECN CU 'PINCPF CPF
ENCKOGF VJCV 9CUJKPIVQP JCF CRRQKPVGF CU OKNKVCT[ Q
EGTU BMM UJNJE NFO UIBU QSFGFS UIF DBMN PG EFTQPUJTN UP UIF
CPJTUFSPVT TFB PG MJCFSUZ  <*>U XPVME HJWF ZPV B GFWFS XFSF
* UP OBNF UP ZPV UIF BQPTUBUFT XIP IBWF HPOF PWFS UP UIFTF
IFSFTJFT NFO XIP XFSF 4BNTPOT JO UIF FME BOE 4PMPNPOT
JO UIF DPVODJM CVU XIP IBWF IBE UIFJS IFBET TIPSO CZ
UIF IBSMPU &OHMBOE 6JG NGVVGT YCU GXGPVWCNN[ RWDNKUJGF

+P  JG NGF C ITQWR QH +VCNKCPU YJQ ECOG VQ 8KT

IKPKC VQ KPVTQFWEG VJG EWNVKXCVKQP QH XKPG[CTFU QNKXGU CPF
QVJGT /GFKVGTTCPGCP HTWKVU /C\\GK DGECOG C PGKIJDQT
CPF HTKGPF QH 6JQOCU ,GGTUQP /C\\GK CPF ,GGTUQP


 4063$&4

QXGTUGCU CPF VJGP TGVTCPUNCVGF DCEM KPVQ 'PINKUJ D[ 0QCJ

9GDUVGT CPF RWDNKUJGF KP VJG 7PKVGF 5VCVGU=?
6JKU EQPVTKDWVKQP YCU CEMPQYNGFIGF D[ ,QJP ( -GPPGF[
KP JKU DQQM " /BUJPO PG *NNJHSBOUT KP YJKEJ JG UVCVGU
VJCV=?

Legacy

# EGPV 7PKVGF 5VCVGU CKTOCKN UVCOR YCU KUUWGF KP

 VQ EQOOGOQTCVG VJG VJ CPPKXGTUCT[ QH /C\\GKU
DKTVJ=?

See also
#OGTKECP 4GXQNWVKQP
6JQOCU #FCOU
$GPLCOKP (TCPMNKP
2CVTKEM *GPT[
6JQOCU ,GGTUQP
)GQTIG /CUQP
,COGU /QPTQG
9KNNKCO 2CEC
(TCPEGUEQ 8KIQ
,QJP 2CIG
5VCPKUCY #WIWUV 2QPKCVQYUMK
(QWPFKPI (CVJGTU QH VJG 7PKVGF 5VCVGU
+VCNKCP #OGTKECP
7PKVGF 5VCVGU &GENCTCVKQP QH +PFGRGPFGPEG
.KUV QH KORQTVCPV RGQRNG KP VJG GTC QH VJG #OGTKECP
4GXQNWVKQP

References

=? WMCU\GYKE\ 9KVQNF

 (KNKRRQ /C\\GK

 <CT[U DKQITCE\P[ ,XBSUBMOJL )JTUPSZD[OZ

  4GVTKGXGF  ,CPWCT[ 

=? 2JKNKR /C\\GK 6JG 8KTIKPKC )C\GVVG  6TCPUNCVGF

D[ C HTKGPF CPF PGKIJDQT 6JQOCU ,GGTUQP
=? #EEQTFKPI VQ ,QKPV 4GUQNWVKQP  QH VJG TF %QPITGUU
VJG RJTCUG KP VJG &GENCTCVKQP QH +PFGRGPFGPEG #NN OGP
CTG ETGCVGF GSWCN  YCU UWIIGUVGF D[ VJG +VCNKCP RCVTKQV CPF
KOOKITCPV 2JKNKR /C\\GK
=? JVVRYYYWUUVCORICNNGT[EQOXKGYRJR!KF
FGFDDEDEEDFDGEDDC

6 Mazzeis writings
6.1 In French
(KNKRRQ /C\\GK 3FDIFSDIFT )JTUPSJRVFT FU 1PMJ
UJRVFT TVS MFT &UBUT6OJT EF M"NSJRVF 4FQUFOUSJPOBMF

*KUVQTKECN CPF 2QNKVKECN 'PSWKTKGU %QPEGTPKPI VJG

7PKVGF 5VCVGU QH 0QTVJ #OGTKEC (QWT 8QNWOGU
(KNKRRQ /C\\GK 5VCPKUCY #WIWUV 2QPKCVQYUMK -FU
USFT EF 1IJMJQQF .B[[FJ FU EV SPJ 4UBOJTMBT"VHVTUF EF
1PMPHOF 4QOC  +UVKVWVQ UVQTKEQ KVCNKCPQ RGT N GV
OQFGTPC G EQPVGORQTCPGC 

6.2 In Italian
(KNKRRQ /C\\GK .FNPSJF EFMMB WJUB F EFMMF QFSF
HSJOB[JPOJ EFM PSFOUJOP 'JMJQQP .B[[FJ C EWTC FK
)KPQ %CRRQPK .WICPQ 6KR FGNNC 5XK\\GTC +VCNKCPC
  XQNWOGU
(KNKRRQ /C\\GK%FM DPNNFSDJP EFMMB TFUB GBUUP JO
*OHIJMUFSSB EBMMB $PNQBHOJB EFMMF *OEJF 0SJFOUBMJ
NBOPTDSJUUP JOFEJUP EJ 'JMJQQP .B[[FJ 
C EWTC
FK 5KNXCPQ )GNNK 2QIIKQ C %CKCPQ %QOWPG FK 2QI
IKQ C %CKCPQ 

7 Sources
7.1 In English
2JKNKR /C\\GK .Z -JGF BOE 8BOEFSJOHT GF
/CTEJKQPG 5KUVGT /CTIJGTKVC #OGTKECP +PUVKVWVG
QH +VCNKCP 5VWFKGU /QTTKUVQYP 0,  RR
6TCPUNCVKQP VQ 'PINKUJ QH /C\\GKU CWVQDKQITCRJ[

=? WMCU\GYKE\ 9KVQNF

 (KNKRRQ /C\\GK

 <CT[U DKQITCE\P[ ,XBSUBMOJL )JTUPSZD[OZ

  4GVTKGXGF  ,CPWCT[ 

/CTEJKQPG 2JKNKR /C\\GK 4FMFDUFE 8SJUJOHT BOE

$PSSFTQPOEFODF

=? ,GGTUQPU .GVVGT VQ 2JKNKR /C\\GK 5IF 1BQFST PG

5IPNBT +FFSTPO? RTKPEGVQPGFW CEEGUUGF 1EVQDGT 


8QN +  7JSHJOJBT "HFOU EVSJOH UIF "NFS

JDBO 3FWPMVUJPO :.8+++ RR

=? -GPPGF[ ,QJP ( " /BUJPO PG *NNJHSBOUT RR 

8QN ++  "HFOU GPS UIF ,JOH PG 1PMBOE EVS

JOH UIF 'SFODI 3FWPMVUJPO RR



8QN +++  8PSME $JUJ[FO RR

%CUUC FK 4KURCTOK G &GRQUKVK 2TCVQ 

/CTEJKQPG 5KUVGT /CTIJGTKVC 1IJMJQ .B[[FJ +FG
GFSTPOT ;FBMPVT 8IJH #OGTKECP +PUVKVWVG QH +VCN
KCP 5VWFKGU /QTTKUVQYP 0,  RR
/CTEJKQPG 6JG #FXGPVWTQWU .KHG QH 2JKNKR /C\\GK
 .C XKVC CXXGPVWTQUC FK (KNKRRQ /C\\GK
DKNKPIWG KP
INGUG  KVCNKCPQ 7PKXGTUKV[ 2TGUU QH #OGTKEC .CP
JCO /&  RR
/CTEJKQPG 5IF $POTUJUVUJPOBM 4PDJFUZ PG  %GP
VGT HQT /C\\GK 5VWFKGU /QTTKUVQYP 0,  RR
/CTEJKQPG 1IJMJQ .B[[FJ 8PSME $JUJ[FO +FFS
TPOT ;FBMPVT 8IJH
 7PKXGTUKV[ 2TGUU QH #OGTKEC
.CPJCO /&  RR
4GPGG %TKVEJGT .[QPU (QTGKIP$QTP #OGTKECP
2CVTKQVU5KZVGGP 8QNWPVGGT .GCFGTU +P 6JG 4GXQ
NWVKQPCT[ 9CT  0QTVJ %CTQNKPC/E(CTNCPF
2WDNKUJKPI

7.2

In Italian

(KNKRRQ /C\\GK 4DFMUB EJ TDSJUUJ F MFUUFSF

8QN+ 
"HFOUF EJ 7JS
HJOJB EVSBOUF MB SJWPMV[JPOF BNFSJDBOB
RR:.8++
8QN++ "HFOUF EFM 3F EJ 1PMP
OJB EVSBOUF MB 3JWPMV[JPOF 'SBODFTF RR
:8+:8++
8QN+++  $JUUBEJOP EFM .POEP
RR:8++
2TCVQ  'FK\FGN 2CNC\\Q RGT %CUUC FK
4KURCTOK G &GRQUKVK FK 2TCVQ
/CTEJKQPG 5KUVGT /CTIJGTKVC *TUSV[JPOJ QFS FTTFSF
MJCFSJ FE FHVBMJ %KUCNRKPQ)QINKCTFKEC /KNCP 
RR
/CTEJKQPG 5IF "EWFOUVSPVT -JGF PG 1IJMJQ .B[[FJ
 -B WJUB BWWFOUVSPTB EJ 'JMJQQP .B[[FJ
DKNKPIWG KP
INGUG  KVCNKCPQ 7PKXGTUKV[ 2TGUU QH #OGTKEC .CP
JCO /&  RR

Others books about Mazzei

8.1

*O &OHMJTI

In English

$KCIIK /CTKQ "O "QQSFDJBUJPO PG 1IJMJQ .B[[FJ  BO

6OTVOH "NFSJDBO 1BUSJPU KP %10)4'55+10#.
4'%14& 9CUJKPIVQP &% 5GRVGODGT  

&K )TC\KC /CTEQ 1IJMJQ .B[[FJ B IFSP PG "NFSJ

DBO JOEFQFOEFODF *MMVTUSBUJPOT BOE DPWFS .BSDFMMP
.BOHJBOUJOJ USBOTMBUJPO .JSBOEB .BD1IBJM 6WUECP
4GIKQPCN )QXGTPOGPV 2QIIKQ C %CKCPQ PGUUWPC
FCVC EKTEC  R
)CKPGU 9KNNKCO * 7JSHJOJB )JTUPSZ JO %PDV
NFOUT  8KTIKPKC 5VCVG .KDTCT[ 4KEJ
OQPF 
)CTNKEM 4KEJCTF ,T 1IJMJQ .B[[FJ 'SJFOE PG +FFS
TPO )JT -JGF BOE MFUUFST $CNVKOQTG.QPFQP2CTKU
6JG ,QJPU *QRMKPU 2TGUU*WORJTG[ 0KNHQTV 1ZHQTF
7PKXGTUKV[ 2TGUU 5QEKV F'FKVKQPU .GU $GNNGU .GV
VTGU 
)CTNKEM *UBMZ BOE UIF *UBMJBOT JO 8BTIJOHUPOT UJNF
0GY ;QTM #TPQ 2TGUU 
)W\\GVVC %JCTNGU .B[[FJ JO "NFSJDB KP &4'#/
564''65  6*' $+) $11- 1( +6#.+#0
#/'4+%#0 %7.674' .CYTGPEG &K5VCUK GFKVQT
*CTRGT  4QY 0GY ;QTM 
-GPPGF[ ,QJP ( " /BUJPO PG *NNJHSBOUT *CTRGT
 4QY 0GY ;QTM 
.KRRWEEK /CT[ 6JGTGUC 5IF DPSSFTQPOEFODF CF
UXFFO 5IPNBT +FFSTPO BOE 1IJMJQ .B[[FJ 

/CNQPG &WOCU
GFKVQT %JDUJPOBSZ PG "NFSJDBO
#JPHSBQIZ 70- 7* %JCTNGU 5ETKDPGTU 5QPU 0GY
;QTM 
/CTTCTQ *QYCTF 4 "O 6OQVCMJTIFE +FFSTPO -FU
UFS UP .B[[FJ +VCNKEC 8QN  0Q 
,WPG 
RR 
/CTTCTQ +FFSTPO -FUUFST $PODFSOJOH UIF 4FUUMFNFOU
PG .B[[FJT 7JSHJOJB &TUBUF 6JG /KUUKUUKRRK 8CNNG[
*KUVQTKECN 4GXKGY 8QN  0Q 
5GRVGODGT
 RR 
/CTTCTQ 1IJMJQ .B[[FJ  7JSHJOJBT "HFOU JO &VSPQF
0GY ;QTM 2WDNKE .KDTCT[ 
/CTTCTQ
UP!

1IJMJQ .B[[FJ BOE IJT 1PMJTI GSJFOET

5COOCTVKPQ 2GVGT 5IF $POUSJCVUJPOT PG *UBMJBOT UP

UIF 6OJUFE 4UBUFT CFGPSF UIF $JWJM 8BS B DPOGFS
FODF UP DFMFCSBUF UIF UI BOOJWFSTBSZ PG UIF CJSUI PG
1IJMJQ .B[[FJ 8BTIJOHUPO %$ "QSJM  
9CUJKPIVQP &% 0CVKQPCN +VCNKCP #OGTKECP (QWP
FCVKQP 
5EJKCXQ )KQXCPPK 'TOGPGIKNFQ 1IJMJQ .B[[FJ  POF
PG "NFSJDBT GPVOEJOH GBUIFST 0GY ;QTM 8KIQ
2TGUU 

8.2

In Italian

##88 %BMMB 5PTDBOB BMM"NFSJDB JM DPOUSJCVUP EJ

'JMJQQP .B[[FJ 2QIIKQ C %CKCPQ %QOWPG FK 2QIIKQ
C %CKCPQ 
$GECVVKPK /CUUKOQ 'JMJQQP .B[[FJ NFSDBOUF JUBMJBOP
B -POESB 
 2QIIKQ C %CKCPQ %QOWPG
FK 2QIIKQ C %CKCPQ 
$QNQIPGUK #PFTGC %QTUGVVK .WKIK &K 5VCFKQ .WKIK
'JMJQQP .B[[FJ NPTUSB EJ DJNFMJ F TDSJUUJ ECVCNQIQ
FGNNC OQUVTC C EWTC FK 2QIIKQ C %CKCPQ RCNC\\Q %Q
OWPCNG  NWINKQ  %QOWPG FK 2QIIKQ C %C
KCPQ 
%COCLCPK )WGNHQ )WGN'JMJQQP .B[[FJ  VO JMMVTUSF
UPTDBOP EFM 4FUUFDFOUP  NFEJDP BHSJDPMUPSF TDSJUUPSF
HJPSOBMJTUB EJQMPNBUJDP (KTGP\G #UUQEKC\KQPG +P
VGTPC\KQPCNG 6QUECPK PGN /QPFQ 
%KCORKPK 4CCGNG -FUUFSF EJ 'JMJQQP .B[[FJ BMMB
DPSUF EJ 1PMPOJB 
 $QNQIPC  0
<CPKEJGNNK 
%QTUGVVK .WKIK )TCFK 4GP\Q #JCMJPHSBB TV 'JMJQQP
.B[[FJ "WWFOUVSJFSP EFMMB -JCFSU B DVSB EJ DPO
TDSJUUJ EJ .BSHIFSJUB .BSDIJPOF F &EPBSEP 5PSUBSPMP
1PHHJP B $BJBOP $*$ 'JMJQQP .B[[FJ  "TTPDJB[JPOF
$VMUVSBMF "SEFOHP 4PDJ 
&K 5VCFKQ .WKIK 'JMJQQP .B[[FJ USB QVCCMJDP F QSJ
WBUP 3BDDPMUB EJ EPDVNFOUJ JOFEJUJ B DVSB EJ 1PH
HJP B $BJBOP #JCMJPUFDB $PNVOBMF EJ 1PHHJP B $B
JBOP 
)GTQUC )WKFQ *M PSFOUJOP DIF GFDF M"NFSJDB 7JUB
F BWWFOUVSF EJ 'JMJQQP .B[[FJ  /KNCPQ
5WICT%Q 'FK\KQPK 
)TCFK 4GP\Q 6O CBTUJNFOUP DBSJDP EJ 3PCB CFTUJF
F VPNJOJ JO VO NBOPTDSJUUP JOFEJUP EJ 'JMJQQP .B[[FJ
2QIIKQ C %CKCPQ %QOWPG FK 2QIIKQ C %CKCPQ 
)TCFK 4GP\Q 1BSJHJ MVHMJP  4DSJUUJ F NFNPSJF
EFM PSFOUJOP 'JMJQQP .B[[FJ C EWTC FK %QOWPG FK
2QIIKQ C %CKCPQ 
)WNNCEG
)KQXCPPK
'JHVSF
EJNFOUJDBUF
EFMMJOEJQFOEFO[B BNFSJDBOB 'JMJQQP .B[[FJ F
'SBODFTDP 7JHP 4QOC  +N 8GNVTQ 
/CUKPK )KCPECTNQ )QTK +CEQRQ -"NFSJDB GV DPO
DFQJUB B 'JSFO[F (KTGP\G  $QPGEJK 
6QIPGVVK $WTKICPC 5CTC 5SB SJGPSNJTNP JMMVNJOBUP
F EJTQPUJTNP OBQPMFPOJDP FTQFSJFO[F EFM DJUUBEJOP
BNFSJDBOP 'JMJQQP .B[[FJ 4QOC 'FK\KQPK FK 5VQ
TKC G NGVVGTCVWTC 
6QTVCTQNQ 'FQCTFQ *MMVNJOJTNP F 3JWPMV[JPOJ #J
PHSBB QPMJUJDB EJ 'JMJQQP .B[[FJ /KNCPQ #PIGNK


&95&3/"- -*/,4

WMCU\GYKE\ 9KVQNF 'JMJQQP .B[[FJ (JVTFQQF

.B[[JOJ TBHHJ TVJ SBQQPSUJ JUBMPQPMBDDIJ 9TQENCY
2QNCPF <CMCF 0CTQFQY[ KO 1UUQNKUMKEJ 

9 External links
YYYRJKNKROC\\GKWU 1EKCN UKVG
/QPVKEGNNQ VJG JQOG QH 6JQOCU ,GGTUQP
/C\\GK 2JKNKR 'PE[ENQRFKC $TKVCPPKEC
# DTCPEJ Q /C\\GKU (COKN[ 6QFC[
2JKNKR /C\\GK CV VJG NKDTCT[ QH %QPITGUU
#PQVJGT 5KVG CDQWV 2/C\\GK CPF QVJGT HCOQWU +VCN
KCP #OGTKECP

10
10.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Philip Mazzei 4PVSDF JVVRGPYKMKRGFKCQTIYKMK2JKNKR/C\\GK!QNFKF $POUSJCVUPST .QW+ 0KMCK 2KQVTWU 2CXGN

8Q\GPKNGM -YCOKMCICOK ,9 6ERKR #&/ (NC$QV 0CTCJV 4LGPUGP /UIGT 4OUC"JQVOCKNEQO #EEWTKODQPQ 0KEMGN
%JTQOQ`GPYKMK *OCKPU $GVCEQOOCPF /KEJCGN &CXKF +TKFGUEGPV (XCUEQPEGNNQU %[FGDQV &OKVTK .[VQX #/KVVGNOCP 'IRGVGTUGP
/CIKQNCFKVKU 9CCEUVCVU .CODFCEQTG /KNKVCT[JKUVQT[YTKVGT (NQFFKPP #VKHV 5HCP +/) %NWG$QV 6JG 6JKPI 6JCV 5JQWNF 0QV $G
&VJQOUGP #FFDQV .KIJVDQV ,'0 ;QDQV 2QJKEM #PQOKG$16 %KVCVKQP DQV &CXUJWN &TKN$QV &GHCWNVUQTV$QV (WNNFCVG WP
NKPMKPI DQV 4LYKNOUK$QV (WTT[5KPIU -OKEKE 5PQVDQV .QQMYJCVDQDHQWPF 8+#(DQV ,QEJGP $WTIJCTFV &CPP[ 5RTKPMNG 1EEWNV<QPG
)JKPQ\\KPKUUKO ) 5 2CNOGT -CURCT$QV CPF #PQP[OQWU 

10.2

Images

File:David_Filippo_Mazzei.jpg 4PVSDF JVVRWRNQCFYKMKOGFKCQTIYKMKRGFKCEQOOQPU&CXKFA(KNKRRQA/C\\GKLRI -JDFOTF

2WDNKE FQOCKP $POUSJCVUPST JVVRECEJGCTVRTKPVKOCIGUEQONTI#83)<LRI 0SJHJOBM BSUJTU ,CESWGU.QWKU &CXKF
File:Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg 4PVSDF JVVRWRNQCFYKMKOGFKCQTIYKMKRGFKCEQOOQPU0WXQNCAMFKEVAINCUUUXI -JDFOTF .)2.
$POUSJCVUPST
0WXQNCACRRUAMFKEVUXI 0SJHJOBM BSUJTU 0WXQNCACRRUAMFKEVUXI 0WXQNCACRRUAMFKEVRPI WUGT&CXKFA8KIPQPK

File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg 4PVSDF JVVRWRNQCFYKMKOGFKCQTIYKMKRGFKCEQOOQPUCC6GZVAFQEWOGPVA

YKVJATGFASWGUVKQPAOCTMUXI -JDFOTF 2WDNKE FQOCKP $POUSJCVUPST %TGCVGF D[ DFGUJCO YKVJ +PMUECRG DCUGF WRQP 6GZVZIGPGTKEUXI
HTQO VJG 6CPIQ RTQLGEV 0SJHJOBM BSUJTU $GPLCOKP & 'UJCO
DFGUJCO

10.3

Content license

%TGCVKXG %QOOQPU #VVTKDWVKQP5JCTG #NKMG