Beginnings Workshop LEARNING DIFFERENCES

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2011 EXCHANGE

53

Using Embedded Instruction to Support

Young Children’s Learning
by Tara McLaughlin, Patricia Snyder, and Mary Louise Hemmeter

%JKNFTGPYKVJFKUCDKNKVKGUCTGKPETGCUKPIN[DGKPIKPENWFGFKP
'RUVGKP'ODGFFGFKPUVTWEVKQPKUCPGZVGPUKQPQH
GCTN[NGCTPKPICPFECTGUGVVKPIUDGECWUGQHTGEQIPK\GFDGP
GHKVUHQTCNNEJKNFTGP+PENWUKXGUGVVKPIUQHHGTEJKNFTGPYKVJ
9QNGT[+H[QWCTG
FKUCDKNKVKGUCEEGUUVQGXGT[FC[NGCTPKPIGZRGTKGPEGUVJCV
UWRRQTVVJGKTFGXGNQROGPVCPFNGCTPKPI9JKNGCEEGUUVQ
KPENWUKXGGCTN[NGCTPKPIUGVVKPIUKUKORQTVCPVUQOGEJKNFTGP
PGGFCFFKVKQPCNJGNRVQDGGPICIGFCPFVQRCTVKEKRCVG
OGCPKPIHWNN[KPQPIQKPIENCUUTQQOCEVKXKVKGUCPFTQWVKPGU
/TU,CEQDUJCUEJKNFTGPKPJGTENCUUTQQOYJQRCTVKEK
RCVGKPENCUUCEVKXKVKGUCPFRNC[YGNNYKVJVJGKTRGGTU*QY
GXGTUJG¶ULWUVPQVUWTGJQYVQJGNR/KCCPF$T[CPNGCTP
RNC[CPFDGRCTVQHVJGITQWR/KCKU[GCTUQNFCPFJCUC
FGXGNQROGPVCNFGNC[5JGPGGFUGZVTCJGNRVQRCTVKEKRCVGKP
ENCUUTQQOCEVKXKVKGU$T[CPKU[GCTUQNF*GFQGUPQVVCNM
OWEJQTRNC[YKVJJKURGGTU/TU,CEQDUKUIQKPIVQWUG
GODGFFGFKPUVTWEVKQPVQUWRRQTV/KCCPF$T[CPKPJGT
ENCUUTQQO
What is Embedded Instruction?
KPVGPVKQPCNVGCEJKPICPFKUCTGEQOOGPFGFRTCEVKEGKPGCTN[
EJKNFJQQFURGEKCNGFWECVKQP
HCOKNKCTYKVJFGXGNQROGPVCNN[CRRTQRTKCVGRTCEVKEGCPF
KPVGPVKQPCNVGCEJKPIVJGPWUKPIGODGFFGFKPUVTWEVKQP
OKIJVDGGCUKGTVJCP[QWVJKPM
Key Components of Embedded Instruction
6QWUGGODGFFGFKPUVTWEVKQPVGCEJGTUVJKPMCDQWV
9JCVVQVGCEJ9JCVUMKNNUFQGUVJGEJKNFPGGFVQ
RCTVKEKRCVGKPQPIQKPICEVKXKVKGUCPFTQWVKPGUQHVJG
ENCUUTQQO!
9JGPVQVGCEJ9JKEJQPIQKPICEVKXKVKGUCPFTQWVKPGU
RTQXKFGQRRQTVWPKVKGUVQVGCEJCPFRTCEVKEGVJGUMKNNU!
*QYVQVGCEJ9JCVUVTCVGIKGUYKNNUWRRQTVCPF
GPEQWTCIGVJGEJKNF¶UNGCTPKPIFWTKPIQPIQKPICEVKXKVKGU
CPFTQWVKPGU!
*QYVQGXCNWCVG*QYYKNN+MPQYKHVJGEJKNFKUNGCTPKPI!

'ODGFFGFKPUVTWEVKQPKUCPCRRTQCEJWUGFVQUWRRQTVEJKNF 9JCVVQ6GCEJ9JCVUMKNNU
GPICIGOGPVNGCTPKPICPFUQEKCNKPVGTCEVKQPUKPKPENWUKXG FQGUVJGEJKNFPGGFVQ
UGVVKPIU'FWECVQTURTQXKFGKPVGPVKQPCNRNCPPGFCPFKPFK RCTVKEKRCVGKPVJGQPIQKPI
XKFWCNK\GFNGCTPKPIQRRQTVWPKVKGUKPVJGEQPVGZVQHQPIQKPI CEVKXKVKGUCPFTQWVKPGUQH
ENCUUTQQOCEVKXKVKGUCPFTQWVKPGUHQTEJKNFTGPYJQPGGF VJGENCUUTQQO!
CFFKVKQPCNJGNRDGECWUGQHFGXGNQROGPVCNFGNC[UFKUCDKNK
VKGUQTNGCTPKPIEJCNNGPIGU+PVGPVKQPCNVGCEJKPIKUCP %JKNFTGPWUGCXCTKGV[QH
KORQTVCPVCURGEVQHFGXGNQROGPVCNN[CRRTQRTKCVGRTCEVKEG UMKNNUGXGT[FC[VQGPICIG
CPFRCTVKEKRCVGKPQPIQKPI
6CTC9/E.CWIJNKPJCUCOCUVGT¶UFGITGGKPURGEKCNGFWECVKQPCPFKUCH¿NKCV CEVKXKVKGUCPFTQWVKPGU+PC (KIWTG-G[%QORQPGPVUQH'ODGFFGF
GFYKVJVJG%GPVGTHQT'ZEGNNGPEGKP'CTN[%JKNFJQQF5VWFKGUCVVJG7PKXGTUKV[
RCKPVKPICEVKXKV[EJKNFTGP +PUVTWEVKQPHQT'CTN[.GCTPKPI4GRTKPVGF
QH(NQTKFC5JGJCUYQTMGFYKVJEJKNFTGPYKVJFKUCDKNKVKGUKPKPENWUKXGNGCTPKPI
YKVJRGTOKUUKQPHTQO5P[FGT/E.CWIJNKP
UGVVKPIUKPVJG7PKVGF5VCVGUCPFKP0GY<GCNCPFHQT[GCTU OKIJVWUGVJGKTJCPFUVQ
*GOOGVGT/E.GCP5CPFCNN

JQNFVJGRCKPVDTWUJUJCTG
2CVTKEKC#5P[FGTKU2TQHGUUQT&CXKF.CYTGPEG,T'PFQYGF%JCKTKP'CTN[ RCKPVYKVJVJGKTRGGTUCUM
%JKNFJQQF5VWFKGUCPF&KTGEVQTQH%GPVGTHQT'ZEGNNGPEGKP'CTN[%JKNFJQQF
HQTFKHHGTGPVEQNQTGFRCKPVVCNMCDQWVVJGKTRKEVWTGQTVT[VQ
5VWFKGUCVVJG7PKXGTUKV[QH(NQTKFC5JGJCUYQTMGFHQTOQTGVJCP[GCTU
KPEQOOWPKV[DCUGFCPFCECFGOKEUGVVKPIU5JGJCUDGGPCFKTGEVUGTXKEG YTKVGVJGKTPCOGQPVJGRCRGT%JKNFTGPYKVJFGNC[UFKU
RTQXKFGTCPGCTN[NGCTPKPIRTQITCOCFOKPKUVTCVQTHCEWNV[OGODGTJKIJGT CDKNKVKGUQTQVJGTNGCTPKPIEJCNNGPIGUOKIJVPGGFCFFKVKQPCN
GFWECVKQPCFOKPKUVTCVQTCPFTGUGCTEJGT
UWRRQTVUVQRCTVKEKRCVGCNQPIUKFGVJGKTRGGTU6JG[OKIJV
/CT[.QWKUG*GOOGVGTKU#UUQEKCVG2TQHGUUQTKPVJG&GRCTVOGPVQH5RGEKCN PGGFJGNRVQFQCUMKNNQTVJG[OKIJVPGGFKPVGPVKQPCN
'FWECVKQPCV8CPFGTDKNV7PKXGTUKV[5JGJCUDGGPKPVJG¿GNFQHGCTN[EJKNF
JQQFURGEKCNGFWECVKQPHQTQXGT[GCTUYKVJGZRGTKGPEGKPRTQITCOU KPUVTWEVKQPVQNGCTPCPGYUMKNNVJCVKURCTVQHVJGQPIQKPI
VTCKPKPICPFTGUGCTEJ RCKPVKPICEVKXKV[
54 LEARNING DIFFERENCES
EXCHANGE SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2011 Beginnings Workshop
6QKFGPVKH[YJCVUMKNNUEJKNFTGPPGGFJGNRYKVJQTPGGFVQ VCTIGVVQVGCEJ/KCJQYVQUVCPFWRYKVJQWVHCNNKPI³/KC
NGCTPVQRCTVKEKRCVGKPQPIQKPICEVKXKVKGUCPFTQWVKPGUVJKPM YKNNRWVJGTJCPFUQPVJGVCDNGYJGPUVCPFKPIWRHTQOC
CDQWVYJCVCNNEJKNFTGPCTGFQKPIFWTKPICPCEVKXKV[QTTQW EJCKTQTRWVJGTJCPFUQPVJGHNQQTYJGPUVCPFKPIWRHTQO
VKPG1DUGTXGVJGEJKNFKPGCEJCEVKXKV[QTTQWVKPGVQFGVGT VJGHNQQTHQNNQYKPICPCFWNVTGOKPFGTVQWUGJGTJCPFU´
OKPGYJGTGVJGEJKNFKUUWEEGUUHWNCPFYJGTGVJGEJKNFOC[
PGGFOQTGJGNRVQUWRRQTVJKUQTJGTGPICIGOGPVNGCTPKPI 9JGPVQ6GCEJ9JKEJQPIQKPICEVKXKVKGUCPFTQWVKPGU
QTUQEKCNKPVGTCEVKQPUKPVJGCEVKXKV[
VJKUKUUQOGVKOGUECNNGF RTQXKFGQRRQTVWPKVKGUVQVGCEJCPFRTCEVKEGVJGNGCTPKPI
CEVKXKV[DCUGFCUUGUUOGPV VCTIGVUMKNNU!

1PEG[QWKFGPVKH[CHGYRCTVUQHVJGCEVKXKV[QTTQWVKPGYKVJ %JKNFTGPYKVJFKUCDKNKVKGUFQPQVPGGFVQIQVQRNCEGUCYC[
YJKEJCEJKNFPGGFUOQTGJGNRVJKPMCDQWVYJCVEJCPIGU HTQOVJGKTRGGTUVQNGCTP;QWRTQXKFGCJKIJSWCNKV[RTQITCO
[QWOKIJVOCMGVQVJGCEVKXKV[QTTQWVKPGVQOCMGKVGCUKGT HQTCNN[QWTEJKNFTGP6CMGCFXCPVCIGQH[QWTQPIQKPICEVKXK
HQTVJGEJKNFVQRCTVKEKRCVGCPFYJCVUMKNNUVJGEJKNFPGGFUVQ VKGUCPFTQWVKPGU2TQXKFGGZVTCUWRRQTVVQJGNREJKNFTGP
NGCTPVQRCTVKEKRCVGOQTGHWNN[KPVJGCEVKXKV[QTTQWVKPG(QT YKVJFGNC[UFKUCDKNKVKGUQTNGCTPKPIEJCNNGPIGUNGCTPQTOCU
GZCORNG[QWOKIJVIGVRCKPVDTWUJGUYKVJJCPFNGUVJCVCTG VGTUMKNNUVJCVYKNNJGNRVJGODGOQTGGPICIGFRCTVKEKRCVG
GCUKGTVQJQNF;QWOKIJVKFGPVKH[CUMKNNQTUMKNNUVJCV[QW OQTGKPFGRGPFGPVN[QTKPVGTCEVOQTGQHVGPYKVJRGGTU
YCPVVQVGCEJVJGEJKNF9JGP[QWUGNGEV
UMKNNUEJQQUGUMKNNUVJCVCTGVGCEJCDNGYKVJKP 1PEG[QWMPQYYJCV[QWCTGIQKPIVQVGCEJ
[QWTGZKUVKPICEVKXKVKGUCPFTQWVKPGU9GECNN
VJGNGCTPKPIVCTIGVTGXKGY[QWTFCKN[CEVKX
VJGUGUMKNNUNGCTPKPIVCTIGVUCPFTGEQOOGPF KV[UEJGFWNGVQRNCPNQIKECNQRRQTVWPKVKGUVQ
VJCVVGCEJGTUYTKVGFQYPVJGNGCTPKPIVCT VGCEJQTRTCEVKEGVJGUMKNNFWTKPIQPIQKPI
IGVUVJG[FGXGNQRHQTGCEJEJKNFVQUJCTG CEVKXKVKGUCPFTQWVKPGU(QTGZCORNGKHC
YKVJHCOKNKGUCPFQVJGTVGCOOGODGTU EJKNFPGGFUJGNRRQWTKPINKSWKFUKPVQCEWR
(KIWTG(KVVKPIVJGRW\\NGRKGEGU [QWOKIJVJGNRVJGEJKNFRTCEVKEGRQWTKPI
VQIGVJGT/CVEJDGVYGGPCEVKXKV[
/TU,CEQDUYCVEJGF/KCCPF$T[CPFWTKPI EJCTCEVGTKUVKEUCPFCEJKNF¶UNGCTPKPI NKSWKFFWTKPIUPCEMVKOGUQTCVVJGYCVGT
ENCUUTQQOCEVKXKVKGU5JGPQVKEGF$T[CPFKF VCTIGV4GRTKPVGFYKVJRGTOKUUKQPHTQO VCDNGDWV[QWOKIJVCNUQJCXGVJGORTCE
PQVLQKPRGGTUKPRNC[CEVKXKVKGUCPFCXQKFGF 5P[FGTGVCN
 VKEGRQWTKPIUCPFKPVQCEWRKPVJGUCPFDQZ
CEVKXKVKGUYJGPCITQWRQHRGGTUYGTGICVJ QTRCKPVKPVQCDQYNFWTKPICRCKPVKPICEVKX
GTGFVQIGVJGT
EGPVGTUOQTPKPICTTKXCN*G KV[6T[VQHKPFPCVWTCNQRRQTVWPKVKGUYJGTG
VGPFGFVQUVCPFDCEMCPFYCVEJHTQOCHGYHGGVCYC[5JG VJGCEVKXKV[³OCVEJGU´QT³HKVU´YKVJVJGUMKNNUVJCV[QWJCXG
UWURGEVGFJGYCUPQVUWTGJQYVQCRRTQCEJVJGRGGTUVQ KFGPVKHKGF[QWYCPVVJGEJKNFVQNGCTP
LQKPVJGOKPRNC[5JGYTQVGCNGCTPKPIVCTIGVVQVGCEJ
$T[CPJQYVQCRRTQCEJCRGGTITQWR³$T[CPYKNNCUMRGGTU /KCCPF$T[CPWUGFVQDGRWNNGFVQVJGEQTPGTQHVJGENCUU
VQRNC[HQNNQYKPICVGCEJGTQTRGGTOQFGN´ TQQOHQTVJGKTµURGEKCN¶KPUVTWEVKQP+VYCUUVTCPIGDGECWUG
/KCCPF$T[CPEQWNFFQVJGUMKNNUKPVJGEQTPGTQHVJGENCUU
9JKNGYCVEJKPI/KC/TU,CEQDUPQVKEGF/KCJCFVTQWDNG TQQODWVVJG[PGXGTUGGOGFVQWUGVJGOKPVJGQPIQKPI
UVCPFKPIWRHTQOVJGHNQQTQTHTQOEJCKTU5JGYQWNFQHVGP ENCUUTQQOCEVKXKVKGUCPFTQWVKPGUYJGPPGGFGF/TU
HCNNYJKNGVT[KPIVQUVCPFWRCPFVJKUUGGOGFVQDGYJ[UJG ,CEQDUFGEKFGFVQNQQMQXGTJGTFCKN[UEJGFWNGVQHKPFVKOGU
YCUQHVGPUKVVKPIQPVJGHNQQT/TU,CEQDUYTQVGCNGCTPKPI CPFCEVKXKVKGUYJGPUJGEQWNFVGCEJQTRTQXKFGRTCEVKEGQP
VJGKTNGCTPKPIVCTIGVUCURCTVQHVJGQPIQKPICEVKXKV[QT
TQWVKPG6QFQVJKUUJGOCFGCPCEVKXKV[OCVTKZ(KTUVUJG
Tips for What to Teach

Æ
(QEWUQPUMKNNUVJCVCTGQPGQTVYQUVGRUCJGCFQH
YJCVVJGEJKNFECPEWTTGPVN[FQ
UQOGVKOGUECNNGF Tips for When to Teach
VJG \QPGQHRTQZKOCNFGXGNQROGPV
Æ
5VCTVYKVJQTNGCTPKPIVCTIGVUCPFWRFCVGVJGO Æ
6GCEJKPVJGQPIQKPICEVKXKVKGUTQWVKPGUCPFVTCPUK
CUVJGEJKNFNGCTPUPGYUMKNNU VKQPUKP[QWTENCUUTQQO
Æ
9TKVGKVFQYP9JGPVGCEJGTUYTKVGFQYPNGCTPKPIVCT Æ
2TQXKFGOWNVKRNGQRRQTVWPKVKGUVQRTCEVKEGUMKNNU²
IGVUVJG[CTGOQTGKPVGPVKQPCNCDQWVVGCEJKPIVJGO TGRGCVGFRTCEVKEGNGCFUVQOCUVGT[
Æ
5JCTGVJGNGCTPKPIVCTIGVUYKVJ[QWTVGCOOGODGTU Æ
7UGCPCEVKXKV[OCVTKZVQYTKVGFQYP[QWTRNCP
5GG
CPFVJGEJKNFTGP¶UHCOKNKGU VJGGZCORNGCEVKXKV[OCVTKZHQT$T[CPCPF/KC
 Beginnings Workshop LEARNING DIFFERENCES
SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2011 EXCHANGE
55

/TU,CEQDU2NCPHQT%TGCVKPI%QORNGVG.GCTPKPI1RRQTVWPKVKGU
2CTVUQH.GCTPKPI1RRQTVWPKV[
#±%TGCVGCPQRRQTVWPKV[
/TU,CEQDU
$±%JKNFFQGUQTVTKGUVJGUMKNN
%±#EMPQYNGFIGQTGPEQWTCIG
VJGEJKNF
1PIQKPI#EVKXKV[
'PFQH%KTENG6KOG 2NC[6KOG
/TU,CEQDUUC[U³/KC[QWIGVVQ $T[CPUGGUJKURGGTURNC[KPIYKVJJKUHCXQTKVG
IQVQVJGDNQEMCTGC4GOGODGTVQ VTWEMU/TU,CEQDUUC[U³#UM/CVVKH[QWECPRNC[
RWV[QWTJCPFUQPVJGHNQQTCU[QW YKVJCVTWEMVQQ5C[µ%CP+RNC[!¶´
UVCPFWR´ NGVU/CVVMPQYVJCV$T[CPNKMGUVJGTGFVTWEMDGUV
/KCRWVUJGTJCPFUQPHNQQTRWUJGU $T[CPUC[U³%CP+RNC[!´
CICKPUVVJGUWRRQTVKPIUWTHCEGCPF
UVCPFUVQJGTHGGV
/TU,CEQDUUC[U³+UCYJQY[QW /CVVUC[U³5WTG*GTG¶UVJGTGFVTWEM´CPF$T[CP
IQVWRHTQOVJGHNQQT;QWWUGF[QWT UOKNGU²NKMGN[DGECWUGJGIGVUVQRNC[YKVJJKU
JCPFUCPFFKFPQVHCNN´ HCXQTKVGVTWEM

YTQVGJGTFCKN[UEJGFWNGFQYPQPGUKFGCPF$T[CP¶UCPF
/KC¶UPCOGUCETQUUVJGVQR6JGPUJGYTQVGVJGKTNGCTPKPI
VCTIGVUKPVJGUSWCTGUVQTGOKPFJGTCPFJGTVGCOCDQWV
VJGQPIQKPIQRRQTVWPKVKGUVQRTQXKFGKPUVTWEVKQPKPVJGEQP
VGZVQHENCUUTQQOCEVKXKVKGUCPFTQWVKPGU
*QYVQ6GCEJ9JCVUVTCVGIKGUYKNNUWRRQTVCPFGPEQWTCIG
VJGEJKNF¶UNGCTPKPIFWTKPICEVKXKVKGUCPFTQWVKPGU!
'ODGFFGFKPUVTWEVKQPGORJCUK\GUOCMKPIUWTGEJKNFTGPVT[
VJGUMKNNVJCV[QWYCPVVJGOVQFQ
YKVJQTYKVJQWV[QWT Æ
UWRRQTVCPFRTQXKFKPICEMPQYNGFIOGPVQTGPEQWTCIGOGPV
HQTEJKNFTGPFQKPIQTVT[KPIVJGUMKNN9GECNNVJKUCEQORNGVG
NGCTPKPIQRRQTVWPKV[+V¶UCUUKORNGCU#$%#EQORNGVG
NGCTPKPIQRRQTVWPKV[KPENWFGU
#EWG5QOGVJKPI[QWFQQTVJCVJCRRGPUKPVJGGPXKTQP
Æ
OGPVVQETGCVGCPQRRQTVWPKV[HQTVJGEJKNFVQWUGVJG
UMKNN
$GJCXKQT6JGEJKNFFQGUQTVTKGUVQFQVJGUMKNN
Æ
%QPUGSWGPEG5QOGVJKPI[QWFQQTVJCVJCRRGPUKPVJG
Æ
GPXKTQPOGPVVQCEMPQYNGFIGVJGUMKNNQTVQGPEQWTCIGVJG
EJKNFVQWUGVJGUMKNNCICKP
9JGPEJKNFTGPCTGHKTUVNGCTPKPICUMKNN[QWOKIJVPGGFVQ
RTQXKFGCFFKVKQPCNJGNR#HVGTJGNRKPICHGYVKOGU[QWQHVGP
ECPHCFG[QWTGZVTCUWRRQTV
;QWCNTGCF[RTQXKFGVJGUGNGCTPKPIQRRQTVWPKVKGUGXGT[FC[
#URCTVQHGODGFFGFKPUVTWEVKQPDGKPVGPVKQPCN/CMGUWTG
GCEJNGCTPKPIQRRQTVWPKV[KPENWFGUVJG#$%CPFJCRRGPUCU
RCTVQHVJGQPIQKPICEVKXKV[QTTQWVKPGVQUWRRQTVEJKNFNGCTP
KPICPFGPICIGOGPV
*QYVQ'XCNWCVG*QYYKNN+MPQYKHVJGEJKNFKUNGCTPKPI!
6QMPQYKHVJGEJKNFKUNGCTPKPIVJGUMKNNKFGPVKHKGFKPVJG
NGCTPKPIVCTIGVYCVEJVJGEJKNFCPFUGGKHVJGEJKNFKUWUKPI
Tips for How to Teach
Æ
+V¶UCUUKORNGCU#$%
Æ
/CMGCRNCP6CNMCDQWVQTYTKVGFQYPVJG#$%
[QWOKIJVWUGVQETGCVGCPGODGFFGFNGCTPKPI
QRRQTVWPKV[
Æ
2TQXKFGJGNRGCTN[UQVJGEJKNFMPQYUYJCVVQFQ
DWVTGOGODGTVQHCFGJGNRUQVJGEJKNFECPNGCTP
VQFQVJGUMKNNYKVJQWV[QWTGZVTCJGNR
+PXKVGRGGTUVQETGCVGQRRQTVWPKVKGUQTRTQXKFG
GPEQWTCIGOGPV
Æ
+HVJGEJKNFFQGUPQVFQVJGUMKNNUJQYVJGOQTVGNN
VJGOKOOGFKCVGN[YJCVVQFQHQTPGZVVKOG
VJGUMKNNVQRCTVKEKRCVGKPQPIQKPICEVKXKVKGU+HVJGEJKNFKU
RCTVKEKRCVKPIYKVJ[QWTJGNRKVOKIJVDGVKOGVQHCFG[QWT
JGNRCPFUGGKHVJGEJKNFECPFQVJGUMKNNKPFGRGPFGPVN[+H
VJGEJKNFKUPQVWUKPIVJGUMKNNKPVJGYC[[QWRNCPPGFMGGR
RTQXKFKPIJGNRCPFQRRQTVWPKVKGUVQRTCEVKEG;QWOKIJV
EQPUKFGTCFFKVKQPCNQTFKHHGTGPVCEVKXKVKGUCPFTQWVKPGUHQT
RTQXKFKPIGODGFFGFKPUVTWEVKQPQPVJGNGCTPKPIVCTIGV
#NVGTPCVKXGN[[QWOKIJVTGGXCNWCVGYJGVJGTVJGNGCTPKPI
VCTIGVUMKNNKUQPGQTVYQUVGRUCJGCFQHYJCVVJGEJKNFECP
EWTTGPVN[FQCPFKHPQVCFLWUVKV
/TU,CEQDUJCUDGGPTGOKPFKPI/KCVQWUGJGTJCPFUVQ
JGNRJGTUVCPFWRCPFKVUGGOUVQDGYQTMKPI1PGFC[UJG
EQWPVGFVJCV/KCUVQQFWRYKVJQWVHCNNKPIQPQHVJG
NGCTPKPIQRRQTVWPKVKGUVJCVFC[5JGFGEKFGUVQTGXKUGJGT
NGCTPKPIVCTIGVHQT/KCD[HCFKPIVJGTGOKPFGTHQT/KCVQ
WUGJGTJCPFUVQUGGKH/KCTGOGODGTUVQWUGJGTJCPFU
QPJGTQYP$T[CPQPVJGQVJGTJCPFFQGUPQVUGGOVQDG
CUMKPIRGGTUVQRNC[OQTGQHVGP/TU,CEQDUCUMUJGT
CUUKUVCPVVQEQWPVJQYOCP[VKOGUVJG[CTGETGCVKPIQRRQT
VWPKVKGUCPFRTQXKFKPICOQFGNHQTJKOFWTKPIVJGFC[6JG
CUUKUVCPVTGRQTVUVJCVVJGVGCOETGCVGFHQWTQRRQTVWPKVKGU
56 LEARNING DIFFERENCES
EXCHANGE SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2011 Beginnings Workshop
FWTKPIVJCVFC[DWVQPN[RTQ RTGJGPUKXGIWKFGHQTRTCEVKECNCRRNKECVKQPKPGCTN[KPVGTXGP
XKFGFCOQFGNQPGVKOG/TU VKQPGCTN[EJKNFJQQFURGEKCNGFWECVKQP/KUUQWNC/6&'%
,CEQDUTGCNK\GUVJG[CTGPQV
HQNNQYKPIVJGKTRNCP5JG 'ODGFFGF+PUVTWEVKQPHQT'CTN[.GCTPKPI4GUQWTEGU
RQUVUCNCTIGCEVKXKV[OCVTKZ
QPVJGDWNNGVKPDQCTFYKVJC 6QQNUCPF6KRURTGUGPVGFKPVJKUCTVKENGYGTGRTQXKFGFD[VJG
PQVGCDQWVRTQXKFKPICOQFGN 'ODGFFGF+PUVTWEVKQPHQT'CTN[.GCTPKPI2TQLGEV
5P[FGT
VQJGNRTGOKPFJGTCPFVJG *GOOGVGT5CPFCNN/E.GCP.GCTPOQTGCV
VGCOVQKORNGOGPVVJGKTRNCP YYYGODGFFGFKPUVTWEVKQPPGV
HQT$T[CP
'ODGFFGF+PUVTWEVKQPHQT'CTN[.GCTPKPI2TQLGEVJCU
'ZCORNG#EVKXKV[/CVTKZ RTQXKFGF'ZEJCPIGYKVJVJGHQNNQYKPIVQQNUHQT[QWVQWUGKP
Conclusion [QWTENCUUTQQO%JGEMQWV
Æ*QYVQYTKVGCNGCTPKPIVCTIGVIWKFG
'ODGFFGFKPUVTWEVKQPKUCPCRRTQCEJVJCV[QWECPWUG
Æ$NCPMCEVKXKV[OCVTKZ
YKVJCP[EJKNFYJQPGGFUGZVTCJGNR-PQYKPIYJCVVQVGCEJ
Æ+PUVTWEVKQPCNRNCPPKPIHQTOVQRNCP[QWT#$%U
YJGPVQVGCEJJQYVQVGCEJCPFJQYVQGXCNWCVGECPJGNR
[QWUWRRQTVEJKNFTGP¶UGPICIGOGPVCPFRCTVKEKRCVKQPKP
2TQHGUUKQPCN&GXGNQROGPV/CVGTKCNUHQT&QYPNQCF
QPIQKPICEVKXKVKGUCPFTQWVKPGUKPKPENWUKXGGCTN[NGCTPKPI
UGVVKPIU
%100'%6/QFWNG'ODGFFGF+PVGTXGPVKQPU
'CEJOQFWNGEQPVCKPUYGDDCUGFIWKFGFECUGUVQTKGUCPF
Tips for How to Evaluate NGCTPKPICEVKXKVKGUJCPFQWVUUWRRNGOGPVCNOCVGTKCNUCPF
TGUQWTEGUCPFXKFGQ/CVGTKCNUCXCKNCDNGKP'PINKUJCPF
Æ
&GEKFGYJCV[QWYKNNQDUGTXGCPFYJGP[QWYKNN 5RCPKUJ#XCKNCDNGCVJVVREQOOWPKV[HRIWPEGFW
YCVEJVJGEJKNF EQPPGEVOQFWNGUNGCTPGTU
Æ
9TKVGKVFQYP6T[KPIVQTGOGODGTYJCVJCRRGPUFWT
KPIVJGFC[KUVQQJCTFMGGRCPQVGDQQMWUG2QUV+V‰ *GCF5VCTV%GPVGTHQT+PENWUKQP'ODGFFGF.GCTPKPI1RRQT
PQVGUQTOCMGCHQTOCPFRWVKVQPCENKRDQCTF VWPKVKGU/QFWNG
Æ
+HVJGEJKNFKUPQVOCMKPIRTQITGUUEJCPIG[QWTRNCP 'CEJOQFWNGEQPVCKPUCRTGUGPVGT¶UIWKFGVTCKPKPIUETKRVU
QTVJGEJKNF¶UNGCTPKPIVCTIGV JCPFQWVUCPFXKFGQU/CVGTKCNUCTGCXCKNCDNGKP'PINKUJCPF
5RCPKUJ#XCKNCDNGCVJVVRFGRVUYCUJKPIVQPGFW
JUEGPVGTGNQ
References
=/CVGTKCNUCFCRVGFHTQO'ODGFFGF+PUVTWEVKQPHQT'CTN[
.GCTPKPI2TQLGEV?
'RUVGKP#5
6JGKPVGPVKQPCNVGCEJGT9CUJKPIVQP
&%0#';%
5RGEKCN3WGUV/WNVKOGFKC6TCKPKPI.KDTCT['CTN[%JKNFJQQF
+PENWUKQP/CVGTKCNU
5P[FGT2*GOOGVGT/.5CPFCNN5/E.GCP/ 'CEJOQFWNGEQPVCKPUCRTGUGPVGT¶UIWKFGVTCKPKPIUETKRVU

+ORCEVQHRTQHGUUKQPCNFGXGNQROGPVQPRTGUEJQQN JCPFQWVUCPFXKFGQU/CVGTKCNUCTGCXCKNCDNGKP'PINKUJCPF
VGCEJGTU¶WUGQHGODGFFGFKPUVTWEVKQPRTCEVKEGU
#DUVTCEV 5RCPKUJ#XCKNCDNGCVJVVRGENMEQJUCEHJJUIQXJUNE
9CUJKPIVQP&%+PUVKVWVGQH'FWECVKQP5EKGPEGU4GVTKGXGF VVCU[UVGOVGCEJKPI&KUCDKNKVKGU5VCHH5WRRQTV
HTQOYYYKGUGFIQXHWPFKPIITCPVUGCTEJKPFGZCUR CPF5WRGTXKUKQP1TKGPVCVKQPURGEKCNSWGUVVTCKPKPI
NKDTCT[URGEKCNSWGUVOWNVKOGFKCVTCKPKPINKDTCT[JVON
5P[FGT2/E.CWIJNKP65CPFCNN5*GOOGVGT/.
/E.GCP/
1EVQDGT+PVGPVKQPCNCPFU[UVGOCVKE #EMPQYNGFIGOGPVU
KPUVTWEVKQPKPGCTN[NGCTPKPI6QQNUHQTVGCEJGTUCPFHCOKNKGU
2TGEQPHGTGPEGYQTMUJQRRTGUGPVGFCVVJG+PVGTPCVKQPCN 9QTMTGRQTVGFJGTGYCUUWRRQTVGFD[CITCPVHTQOVJG0C
&KXKUKQPHQT'CTN[%JKNFJQQF%QPHGTGPEG-CPUCU%KV[/1 VKQPCN%GPVGTHQT5RGEKCN'FWECVKQP4GUGCTEJ
+PUVKVWVGQH'FWECVKQP5EKGPEGU75&GRCTVOGPVQH
9QNGT[/
&'%TGEQOOGPFGFRTCEVKEGU%JKNF 'FWECVKQP
46JGQRKPKQPUGZRTGUUGFCTG
HQEWUGFRTCEVKEGU+P55CPFCNN/.*GOOGVGT$5OKVJ VJQUGQHVJGCWVJQTUCPFFQPQVTGRTGUGPVXKGYUQHVJG
/'/E.GCP
'FU&'%TGEQOOGPFGFRTCEVKEGU#EQO +PUVKVWVGQTVJG75&GRCTVOGPVQH'FWECVKQP