Anglictina V Kostce - Gramatika

Iva Dostlov
Anglitina v kostce pro S Gramatika
Iva Dostlov
Text Iva Dostlov
Kresby Pavel Kantorek
Oblka a grafick prava Fragment DTP s. r. o., Kamila Flonerov
Odpovdn redaktorka Romana Homonick
Technick redaktorka Darue Singerov
Vydalo nakladatelstv Fragment, Humpoleck 1503, Havlkv Brod,
jako svou 1098. publikaci.
1. vydn, 2007
Sazbu zhotovil TypoText, s. r. o.
Vytiskly Tiskrny Havlkv Brod, a. s.
Copyright Fragment, 2007
Text Iva Dostlov, 2007
Illustrations Pavel Kantorek, 2007
Cover Fragment DTP s. r. o., Kamila Flonerov, 2007
Vechna prva vyhrazena. dn st tto publikace nesm
bt roziovna bez psemnho souhlasu majitel prv.
Kontaktn adresa: Radiov 1, 102 27 Praha 10-Hostiva
e-mail: fragment@fragment.cz; http://www.fragment.cz
ISBN 978-80-253-0192-0 (1. vydn, 2007)
OBSAH
vod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1. Podstatn jmna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Pdavn jmna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3. Zjmena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4. slovky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5. Pomocn slovesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
6. Modln slovesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7. Ptomn as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
8. Minul as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
9. Pedptomn as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

10. Pedminul as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

11. Budoucnost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

12. Pedbudouc as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

13. Tzac dovtek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

14. Slovesa netvoc prbhov as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

15. Gerundium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

16. Infinitiv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

17. Trpn rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

18. Rozkazovac zpsob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

19. Do, make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

20. Pslovce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

21. Pedloky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

22. Slovosled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

23. Otzka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

24. Tvoen slov pedponami . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

25. Tvoen slov pponami . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

26. Spojovac vrazy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

27. Podmnkov vty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

28. asov vty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

29. Pac vty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

30. Vztan vty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

31. elov vty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

32. asov souslednost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Ploha Nepravideln slovesa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Kl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
vod
Tato uebnice gramatiky anglickho jazyka je vhodn pro nejir okruh uivatel, pedevm je vak urena studentm
stednch kol jako doplujc materil kupevnn znalost zkladnho gramatickho uiva. Obsahuje 32 kapitol sjasnm
astrunm vkladem gramatiky potebn kspnmu sloen maturitn zkouky ikpprav na pijmac zkouky vysokch kol. Pro oven zskanch znalost pin uebnice vce ne sto cvien na procvien jednotlivch gramatickch jev
a10 souhrnnch test provujcch prbn vae znalosti.
Vme, e se tato pruka stane nepostradatelnm pomocnkem pi procviovn, opakovn aprohlubovn znalost
anglickho jazyka api pprav na rzn typy zkouek.
Hodn spch pi studiu vm pej autorka anakladatelstv Fragment
1. Podstatn jmna
ROD
a) stejn vraz pro ob pohlav
teacher
uitel, uitelka
doctor
doktor, doktorka
student
student, studentka
friend
ptel, ptelkyn
reader
ten, tenka
singer
zpvk, zpvaka
cousin
bratranec, sestenice
zajmavost
tomcat pussy cat
kocourek koika
billy goat nanny goat
kozel koza
b) rozlien pomoc male, female, boy, girl, man, woman apod.

male teacher
uitel
female teacher
uitelka
boyfriend
ptel
girlfriend
ptelkyn
c) ensk rod tvoen z muskho pponami
actor
actress
herec, hereka
emperor
empress
csa, csaovna
master
mistress
pn, pan
waiter
waitress
nk, servrka
lion
lioness
lev, lvice
tiger
tigress
tygr, tygice
steward
stewardess
stevard, stevardka
duke
duchess
vvoda, vvodkyn
host
hostess
hostitel, hostitelka
god
goddess
bh, bohyn
hero
heroine
hrdina, hrdinka
tsar
tsarina
car, carevna
d) rzn vrazy
king
queen
nephew
niece
uncle
aunt
krl, krlovna
synovec, nete
strc, teta
zapamatuj si
musk rod
ensk rod
waiter waitress
actor actress
pikantnost
V souasn anglitin je snaha
nerozliovat u povoln pohlav.
steward
stewardess
flight attendant
Zvata a dti bez rozlien pohlav jsou rodu stednho.

Mluvme-li o konkrtnm dtti i domcch mazlcch, pouijeme pslun rod.
a child and its needs dt a jeho poteby
Her child is only four, but he can read and write. Jejmu dtti jsou teprve tyi, ale um st a pst.
Cvien 1.1. Doplte do tabulky ensk rod.
boyfriend
lion
hero
emperor
uncle
MNON SLO
a) pravideln
pponou s
student
students
pponou es po vyslovench sykavkch a u nkterch
podstatnch jmen zakonench -o
watch
watches
hodinky
church
churches
kostel, kostely
class
classes
tda, tdy
hero
heroes
hrdina, hrdinov
Negro
Negroes
ernoch, ernoi
potato
potatoes
brambora, brambory
tomato
tomatoes
raje, rajata
ale
photo
photos
fotka, fotky
piano
pianos
piano, piana
disco
discos
diskotka, diskotky
Pravopis
-y po souhlsce ies
lady
ladies
ale
-y po samohlsce se nemn
boy
boys
tahk
boy
baby
church
boys
babies
churches
waiter
actor
tsar
duke
headmaster
b) nepravideln
man
men
woman
women
tooth
teeth
foot
feet
goose
geese
mouse
mice
louse
lice
child
children
ox
oxen
medium
media
man
people
ale
people
peoples
mu, mui
ena, eny
zub, zuby
noha, nohy
husa, husy
my, myi
ve, vi
dt, dti
vl, voli
prostedek, prostedky
lovk, lid
nrod, nrody
tahk
man
woman
child
foot
tooth
mouse
men
women
children
feet
teeth
mice
c) f se mn na -v
wife
wives
half
halves
knife
knives
loaf
loaves
shelf
shelves
thief
thieves
leaf
leaves
wolf
wolves
life
lives
scarf
scarves
manelka, manelky
polovina, poloviny
n noe
bochnk, bochnky
police, police
zlodj, zlodji
list, list
vlk, vlci
ivot, ivoty
la, ly
ale
belief
chief
roof
proof
staff
cliff
beliefs
chiefs
roofs
proofs
staffs
cliffs
vra, vry
nelnk, nelnci
stecha, stechy
dkaz, dkazy
sbor, sbory
tes, tesy
luggage
hair
experience
politics
physics
zavazadlo, zavazadla
vlas, vlasy
zkuenost, zkuenosti
politika
fyzika
nsleduje sloveso v jednotnm sle: Toms hair is black.

dle viz nepoitateln podstatn jmna
tahk
wife
knife
leaf
wolf
wives
knives
leaves
wolves
d) mnon slo je toton s jednotnm

fish
ryba, ryby
sheep
ovce, ovce
series
ada, ady
means
prostedek, prostedky
species
druh, druhy
crossroads
kiovatka, kiovatky
salmon
losos, lososi
aircraft
letadlo, letadla
nsleduje sloveso v pslunm sle
a sheep is, sheep are
zajmavost
fish
fishes
ryba, ryby
rzn druhy ryb
e)podstatn jmna pouze v jednotnm sle

(nepoitateln)
advice
rada, rady
news
zprva, zprvy
evidence
dkaz, dkazy
information informace
knowledge znalost, znalosti
evidence
dkaz, dkazy
progress
pokrok, pokroky
success
spch, spchy
odkaz
Nepoitateln podstatn jmna existuj pouze
vjednotnm sle. (Kapitola POITATELNOST)
advice is
news is
luggage is
hair is
money is
f) podstatn jmna pouze v mnonm sle

clothes
aty, odv
manners
chovn
contents
obsah
customs
celnice
surroundings okol
hops
chmel
riches
bohatstv
goods
zbo
wages
mzda
scales
vhy
scissors
nky
Middle Ages stedovk
vegetables
zelenina
nsleduje sloveso v mnonm sle:
His manners are horrible.
g) kolektivn podstatn jmna
army
armda
audience
obecenstvo
government vlda
police
policie
company
spolenost
crew
posdka
team
mustvo
nsleduje sloveso v jednotnm sle, mme-li na mysli

kolektiv jako celek, v mnonm sle, mme-li na mysli
jednotliv leny kolektivu:
My family is really large. M rodina je opravdu velk.
All the family were at home. Cel rodina (vichni jej lenov)
byla doma.
poznmka
Nkter anglick podstatn jmna v jednotnm
sle odpovdaj eskmu mnonmu slu.
newsapaper
noviny
back zda
mouth sta
door dvee
watch hodinky
clock hodiny
Cvien 1.2. Utvote mnon slo.

Jednotn slo
loaf
tomato
sheep
disco
watch
boy
family
roof
means
grandchild
Englishman
foot
hero
medium
aircraft
leaf
ox
woman
crossroads
life
kiss
series
goose
chief
box
Mnon slo
Cvien 1.3. Doplte do vt sloveso is nebo are.
1) The goods . . . . . . . delivered on Mondays.

2) Mathematics . . . . . . . difficult for me.
3) What . . . . . . . the contents of this book?
4) This animal . . . . . . . a very rare species.
5) A lot of species . . . . . . . endangered.
6) Which . . . . . . . your favourite means of transport?
A bus or a tram?
7) Vegetables . . . . . . . healthy.
8) The evening news . . . . . . . at seven.
9) This crossroads . . . . . . . a very dangerous place.
10) His manners . . . . . . . horrible.
11) Sheep . . . . . . . friendly animals.
12) No news . . . . . . . good news.
13) The customs . . . . . . . closed.
14) The surroundings of our house . . . . . . . ugly.
15) Your knowledge of English grammar . . . . . . . very bad.
POITATELNOST
a) poitateln
tvo jednotn i mnon slo
v jednotnm sle mus bt len a nebo the
mohou se pouvat s slovkou
SG
a boy
(njak)
chlapec
PL
(some) boys
the boy ten chlapec the boys

seven boys
how many boys?
a few boys
few boys
a lot of boys
many boys
(njac) chlapci
ti chlapci
sedm chlapc
kolik chlapc?
pr chlapc
mlo chlapc
spousta chlapc
hodn chlapc
b) nepoitateln
existuj pouze v jednotnm sle
jsou bez lenu a
nemohou se pouvat s slovkou
peti si
len a vznikl z slovky one, proto neme
bt ped nepoitatelnmi podstatnmi jmny.
SG
(some) wine
the wine
how much wine?
a little wine
little wine
a lot of wine
much wine
(njak) vno
to vno
kolik vna?
trochu vna
mlo vna
spousta vna
hodn vna
ba) ltkov podstatn jmna

water
voda
blood
krev
sugar
cukr
salt
sl
iron
elezo
glass
sklo
wood
devo
pikantnost
How many pieces of luggage
do you have?
Kolik mte zavazadel?
work
nepoitateln
I am looking for work.
job
poitateln
I am looking for a job.
Nkter podstatn jmna jsou nepoitateln v jednom

vznamu, ale poitateln v jinm vznamu.
nepoitateln
poitateln
glass
sklo
a glass
sklenika
iron
elezo
an iron
ehlika
paper
papr
a paper
noviny
work
prce
a work
umleck dlo
room
msto
a room
mstnost
cake
dort (zkusek) a cake
cel dort
experience zkuenost
an experience zitek
bc)ostatn podstatn jmna

(viz Kapitola MNON SLO e)
money
penze
hair
vlasy
fruit
ovoce
Chceme-li vyjdit urit mnostv u nepoitatelnch
podstatnch jmen, pouijeme vraz
an item of, a piece of, a bottle of, a kilo of atd.
a glass of water
a lot of work
a loaf of bread
a slice of bread
a packet of milk
a pint of beer
a can of coca
a piece of cheese
a kilo of flour
tabulka okoldy
dv zavazadla
ti dkazy
zapamatuj si
bb) abstraktn podstatn jmna

love
lska
work
prce
importance dleitost
time
as
music
hudba
culture
kultura
progress
pokrok
water
work
bread

milk
beer
coca
cheese
flour
chocolate a bar of chocolate

luggage
two pieces of luggage
evidence three items of evidence
sklenice vody
spousta prce
bochnk chleba
krajc chleba
krabice mlka
pinta piva
plechovka koly
kousek sra
kilo mouky
zajmavost
paper
papr
a paper
noviny
glass
sklo
a glass
sklenika
Cvien 1.4. Rozdlte podstatn jmna v rmeku na poitateln a nepoitateln.
importance
flour
flower
money
wine
water
bottle
bread
slice
loaf
cheese
music
piano
radio
luggage
suitcase
bag
newspaper
news
item
Poitateln
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
Cvien 1.5. Piate k sob nsledujc vrazy.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
a glass of
a bar of
three pieces of
a cup of
a can of
A) tea
B) luggage
C) beer
D) milk chocolate
E) red wine
Cvien 1.6. Doplte do vt a / an nebo some.

1) Can I have . . . . . . . apple?
2) Can I have . . . . . . . apple juice?
3) Ill have . . . . . . . cheese.
4) Will you have . . . . . . . cheese sandwich?
5) He bought . . . . . . . wine, but I dont know if red or white.
6) Have . . . . . . . wine.
7) We were in . . . . . . . wine cellar last night.
8) Id like . . . . . . . pint of lager.
9) Would you like . . . . . . . cake?
10) Will you have . . . . . . . more coffee?
PIVLASTOVAC PD
a) ivotn s
jedn. .
boys dog

James dog

Jamess dog
mn. .
boys dog

childrens dog

womens rights
chlapcv pes
Jakubv pes
pes chlapc
pes dt
prva en
Je-li podstatn jmno ureno pivlastovacm pdem,

nepedchz mu len.
Peter has a friend. Peters friend is a lawyer.
Petr m ptele. Petrv ptel je prvnk.
10
Nepoitateln
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
...........................
b) neivotn of
the colour of his eyes
barva jeho o
c) neivotn s
todays newspaper
suns rays
months rate
worlds population
womens clothes
dnen noviny
slunen paprsky
msn njemn
svtov populace
dmsk odvy
d) frze
at my grandmothers
at the bakers
at St. Pauls
a two months holiday
u babiky
u pekae
v katedrle sv. Pavla
dvoumsn przdniny
Cvien 1.7. Pelote nsledujc vrazy.

1) Pavlv ddeek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) dv jmno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) svatba Toma a Jenny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) ztej noviny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) pokoj mho bratra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) dtsk knihy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) syn pana Browna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) svtov populace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) kancel editele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) prva en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) u ddeka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) ptiminutov prochzka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) pokoj mch sester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) lonice rodi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) pnsk odvy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LENY
a) len neurit a, an
ped poitatelnm podstatnm jmnem v jednotnm
sle ve vznamu njak
a ped vyslovenou souhlskou
a boy
a year
an ped vyslovenou samohlskou
an apple
an hour
an ugly girl
as a matter of fact
as a result
in a hurry
one at a time
ve skutenosti
v dsledku
ve spchu
po jednom
b) len urit the

ped podstatnmi jmny v jednotnm i mnonm sle
ve vznamu ten
the boy, the boys
ten chlapec, ti chlapci
Pouit
ped podstatnm jmnem, o kterm jsme ji mluvili
We have a garden. The garden is not big.
Mme zahradu. (Ta) Zahrada nen velk.
zapamatuj si
Neurit len a vznikl z slovky one,
proto neme bt ped podstatnm
jmnem v mnonm sle.
ped podstatnm jmnem, kter je bl ureno

This is the man we met last summer.
To je ten mu, kterho jsme potkali loni v lt.
ped tetm stupnm pdavnch jmen
the highest mountain
nejvy hora
ped adovmi slovkami
the third floor
Pouit
mluvme-li o vci i osob poprv
They have a big house.
Maj velk dm.
ve vazb there is
There is a car in front of the house. Ped domem je
(njak) auto.
ve jmenn sti psudku u sloves be a become
He is a doctor.
Je lka.
tet patro
ped zpodstatnlmi pdavnmi jmny

the poor
chud
the old
sta
u osob a vc, kter jsou jedinen
the Prime Minister
premir
the Earth
Zem
the Sun
Slunce
the capital
hlavn msto
She became an actress.
Stala se herekou.
msto slovky one

a hundred
oznaen zstupce celho druhu

The whale is a mammal.
Velryba je savec.
(jedno) sto
u rodin
the Smiths
Smithovi
u nrodnost
the English
Anglian
Frze
twice a day
a couple
a little
a lot of
a few
to have a smoke
to have a rest
to have a look
to have a chat
to give a lift
half an hour
dvakrt denn
pr
trochu
spousta
nkolik
zakouit si
odpoinout si
kouknout se
popovdat si
svzt autem
plhodina
Frze
go to the theatre
go to the cinema
go to the doctor
listen to the radio
in the country(side)
in the world
in the sky
the same as
jt do divadla
jt do kina
jt k doktorovi
poslouchat rdio
na venkov
na svt
na nebi
stejn jako, stejn jako
11
the only possibility

the city centre
at the sea
at the beginning
at the end
at the same time
play the violin
jedin monost
centrum msta
u moe
na zatku
na konci
souasn
hrt na housle
zapamatuj si
je-li podstatn jmno ureno pivlastovacm

zjmenem, pivlastovacm pdem nebo ukazovacm
zjmenem
my friend
mj ptel
Pauls car
Pavlovo auto
this book
tato kniha
u nepoitatelnch podstatnch jmen
water
voda
chemie
anglitina
nzvy dn, msc, obdob a svtk

Sunday
nedle
March
bezen
summer
lto
Easter
Velikonoce
Christmas
Vnoce
New Years Eve
Silvestr
12
choroby
flu
chipka
hrt na piano
hrt fotbal
Nkter podstatn jmna lze pouvat i se lenem uritm:

I was there on Sunday. Byl jsem tam v nedli.
The Sunday before Christmas was sunny.
Nedle ped Vnocemi byla slunen.
Pouit
jmna osob
John
Mr Brown
tenis
achy
to play the piano

to play football
c) Bezlennost
jmna dennch jdel

breakfast
lunch
dinner
ale
a delicious dinner
nzvy sport a her

tennis
chess
zapamatuj si
There is a table in the kitchen.

V kuchyni je stl.
The table is round.
(Ten) Stl je kulat.
vdy a jazyky
chemistry
English
Pouit
sndan
obd
veee
vten veee
Jan
pan Brown
hospital, school, prison, church: Pokud mluvme

o instituci, jsou tato podstatn jmna bez lenu.
Pokud mluvme o budov, pouvme len the.
go to hospital
jt do nemocnice (jako pacient)
go to the hospital jt do nemocnice (na nvtvu)
go to church
jt do kostela (jako vc)
go to the church jt do kostela (prohldnout si ho)
go to prison
jt do vzen (jako vze)
go to the prison jt do vzen (na nvtvu)
go to school
jt do koly (jako k)
go to the school jt do koly (na tdn schzky)
Frze
to go by bus
to go to bed
to go on foot
at night
by day
by heart
arm in arm
face to face
from top to toe
jet autobusem
jt spt
jt pky
v noci
ve dne
nazpam
ruku v ruce
tv v tv
od hlavy k pat
vysvtlivka
There is a bus in front of the post office.
The bus is green.
Lets take a bus.
We went there by bus.
Take bus number two.
Cvien 1.8.Doplte do vt leny a / an, the tam,

kde je teba.
1) Have you got . . . . . . . brother or . . . . . . . sister?
2) It is written at . . . . . . . top of . . . . . . . page.
3) There is . . . . . . . bookcase in . . . . . . . corner of . . . . . . .
room.
4) They live in . . . . . . . south-west of England.
5) . . . . . . . Browns live in . . . . . . . east Scotland.
6) There is someone at . . . . . . . door.
7) James was taken to . . . . . . . hospital.
8) Are you tired? Go to . . . . . . . bed, then.
9) . . . . . . . Moon revolves round . . . . . . . Earth.
10) Who was . . . . . . . first owner of . . . . . . . car?
11) Jackie has . . . . . . . round face with . . . . . . . big mouth.
12) Jill was wet from . . . . . . . top to . . . . . . . toe.
13) . . . . . . . only way to cope with it is talking about it as
much as possible.
14) This morning I had . . . . . . . breakfast in . . . . . . . hurry.
15) Lets go to . . . . . . . cinema, shall we?
16) Jack arrived at . . . . . . . same time as me.
17) Yesterday she went to school by . . . . . . . bus, but today
she had to take . . . . . . . taxi so that she wouldnt be late.
18) Jim can play . . . . . . . guitar and he is . . . . . . . good
hockey player as well.
19) What do you think is better -living in . . . . . . . town
or in . . . . . . . country?
20) Paris is . . . . . . . capital of France.
21) Jeremy went to . . . . . . . hospital to visit his grandfather.
22) I like . . . . . . . people I work with.
23) When I went to . . . . . . . school, we had to learn a lot of
things by . . . . . . . heart.
24) Who is . . . . . . . tallest boy in your class?
25) Could you pass me . . . . . . . sugar, please?
26) I love . . . . . . . Christmas but I dont like . . . . . . . Easter
at all.
27) . . . . . . . English are famous for their politeness.
28) The ticket is 5 for . . . . . . . unemployed.
29) Lets have . . . . . . . rest and go to . . . . . . . sea.
30) It was . . . . . . . delicious breakfast but . . . . . . . dinner
yesterday was disgusting.
d) len u zempisnch nzv a nzv instituc

Bez lenu
zem v jednotnm sle a bez obecnho slova
(republic, kingdom) v nzvu
Great Britain
Velk Britnie
Canada
Kanada
svtadly
Europe
Asia
Evropa
Asie
ulice
Fleet Sreet
Fifth Avenue
msta
Prague
London
ale
The Hague
nmst
Charles Square
Piccadilly Circus
parky
Hyde Park
Victoria Park
letit
Heathrow
Kennedy Airport
jezera
Lake Ontario
Lake Michigan
ostrovy v jednotnm sle
Bermuda
Corfu
jednotliv hory
Mount Everest
Kilimanjaro
budovy a instituce s vlastnm jmnem v nzvu
Westminster Abbey
Buckingham Palace
Lloyds Bank
kostely a katedrly
St Pauls (Cathedral)
13
The
zem v mnonm sle a s obecnm slovem (republic,
kingdom) v nzvu
the Netherlands
the Czech Republic
the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland
moe, oceny, kanly
the Atlantic
the Black Sea
the Suez Canal
eky
the Danube
the Thames
poho a horsk psma
the Rocky Mountains
the Alps
souostrov
the Shetlands
the Bahamas
nzvy lod
the Belfast
the Titanic
pout
the Sahara (Desert)
the Great Desert
svtov strany
the south
the north
the west
the east
the Far East
ale
North Africa
politick strany
the Social Democracy
the Liberal Party
kluby, restaurace, hotely
the Green Lion
the Hilton
kina, divadla
the ABC Cinema
the National Theatre
galerie, muzea
the Tate (Gallery)
the National Museum
14
zapamatuj si
len the je uzem vmnonm sle auzem,
vjejich nzvu je obecn slovo state, republic,
kingdom. Uostatnch zem len nen.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland
Great Britain
England
The United States of America
California
zapamatuj si
len the je u poho a souostrov,
ale u jednotlivch hor a ostrov nen.
The Shetlands
Corsica
The Alps
Mount Everest
tahk
the south
South America
zapamatuj si
Svtov strany jsou vdy
se lenem the a pedlokou in.
in the west
na zpad
poznmka
Pamtihodnosti v Londn:
Buckingham Palace
Westminster Abbey
St Pauls Cathedral
The Houses of Parliament
The Tower of London
Test 1
The
1) A woman whose job is to bring food to costumers at

their tables in a restaurant is a . . . . . . .

A) waiter
B) waitress C) waiteress D) servant
noviny
the Times
the Daily Mirror
ped zkratkami
the UN
the BBC
2) We had paid all our debts and there . . . . . . . still some
money left.

A) are
B) were
C) was
D)
u vraz s of
the Houses of Parliament
the Tower of London
the Bank of England
the University of London
3) My grandmother is a believer. She goes to . . . . . . .

church every Sunday.

A) a
B) the
C) an
D)
Cvien 1.9.Doplte do vraz len the tam,
4) . . . . . . . National Gallery is on . . . . . . . Trafalgar Square.

A) The, the B) ,
C) The,
D) , the
kde je teba.
1) . . . . . . . United Kingdom
2) . . . . . . . Sahara Desert
3) . . . . . . . Lake Ontario
4) . . . . . . . Buckingham Palace
5) . . . . . . . Oxford Street
6) . . . . . . . Indian Ocean
7) . . . . . . . Swiss Alps
8) . . . . . . . Danube
9) . . . . . . . USA
10) . . . . . . . Heathrow
11) . . . . . . . Guardian
12) . . . . . . . Europe
13) . . . . . . . Westminster Abbey
14) . . . . . . . Houses of Parliament
15) . . . . . . . National Theatre
16) . . . . . . . English Channel
17) . . . . . . . Netherlands
18) . . . . . . . Etna
19) . . . . . . . Canary Islands
20) . . . . . . . Brave Lion Pub
21) . . . . . . . Rocky Mountains
22) . . . . . . . Tower
23) . . . . . . . Lloyds Bank
24) . . . . . . . Middle East
25) . . . . . . . Conservative party
26) . . . . . . . UN
27) . . . . . . . Northern America
28) . . . . . . . Bank of England
29) . . . . . . . Mediterranean
30) . . . . . . . Trafalgar Square
5) We have been waiting here for . . . . . . .

A) half an hour
B) half the hour

C) half a hour
D) half hour
6) . . . . . . . Vegetables . . . . . . . healthy.

A) The, is
B) The, are C) , is
D) , are
7) . . . . . . . Rocky Mountains are in . . . . . . . west of . . . . . . .

North America.

A) The, the, the
B) , ,

C) The, the, -
D) The, ,
8) What . . . . . . . beautiful weather!

A) -
B) a
C) the
D) is
9) There is . . . . . . . ugly man standing at . . . . . . . end

of . . . . . . . street.

A) a, a, a
B) the, the, the

C) an, the, the
D) an, the, a
10) You can either go by . . . . . . . tram or take . . . . . . . taxi.

A) , a
B) a, a
C) ,
D) a,
11) Can you pass me . . . . . . . salt? Its on the table.

A)
B) a
C) some
D) the
12) Where . . . . . . . yesterdays newspaper? . . . . . . . on the
shelf.

A) are, They are
B) is, It is

C) are, It is
D) is, They are
15
13) Judith is looking for . . . . . . . job, but its difficult because

she hasnt got enough . . . . . . .

A) a, experience
B) , experience

C) a, experiences
D) , experiences
14) Lets have . . . . . . . dinner at . . . . . . . Tokyo Restaurant.

A) , the
B) a,
C) a, the
D) ,
15) . . . . . . . Hyde Park is one of . . . . . . . largest parks in . . . . . .
world.

A) The, the, the
B) , ,

C) , the, the
D) , the,
16) We had a lot of . . . . . . .

A) luggages

C) suitcase
B) luggage
D) piece of luggage
17) . . . . . . . Middle East is the area from . . . . . . . eastern

Mediterranean to . . . . . . . Iran.

A) The, the, the
B) , ,

C) The, the,
D) The, , the
18) The underground is by far . . . . . . . most reliable . . . . . . .
of transport.

A) the, mean B) the, means C) a, mean D) a, means
19) . . . . . . . door . . . . . . . painted red.

A) A, have been
B) The, have been

C) The, has been
D) A, has been
20) Money kept at . . . . . . . Lloyds Bank . . . . . . . safe.

A) the, are
B) the, is
C) , are
D) , is
21) . . . . . . . have a son. He is . . . . . . . lawyer.

A) The Browns, a
B) The Browns, a

C) Browns, a
D) The Browns, a
22) . . . . . . . English Channel separates . . . . . . . England from
. . . . . . . France.

A) , ,
B) The, the, the

C) , the, the
D) The, ,
23) Washington is . . . . . . . capital of . . . . . . . United States of
America.

A) the, the B) a,
C) the,
D) a, the
16
24) . . . . . . English is spoken all over . . . . . . . world.

A) The, the B) ,
C) The,
D) , the
25) How many . . . . . . . of bread shall I buy?

A) loaf
B) loaves
C) loafs
D) loavs
2. Pdavn jmna
STUPOVN
b) opisem more, the most

boring
a) pponami er, the est

high
narrow
higher
narrower
the highest
the narrowest
pikantnost
Pdavn jmno old se pro leny te rodiny me
stupovat i nsledovn.
old
elder
the eldest
Po tomto tvaru mus vdy
nsledovat podstatn jmno.
My elder brother is 20.
Mmu starmu bratrovi je 20.
jednoslabin a dvouslabin zakonen nay, -ow, -er,

-el, -le
Zmny v pravopisu
1. Koncov e odpad

large
larger
2.

the largest
Koncov y se po souhlsce mn na i
silly
sillier
ale vjimky
shy
shyer
the shyest
sly
slyer
the slyest
3. Zdvojen koncov souhlsky

big
bigger
the biggest
! Pdavn jmna zakonen na-y se stupuj pponami,

ale pslovce zakonen na ly se stupuj opisem.

friendly
friendlier
the friendliest

slowly
more slowly
most slowly
zapamatuj si
big
happy
bigger
happier
more boring
the most boring
dvou a vceslabin
Tet stupe pdavnch jmen s neuritm lenem mn
vznam.
It was the most amusing play. Byla to ta nejzbavnj hra.
It was a most amusing play. Byla to velmi zbavn hra.
Nkter pdavn jmna se mohou stupovat i pponami
i opisem.
common, handsome, cruel, quiet, modern
c) nepravideln stupovn
good
dobr
better
lep
the best
nejlep
well
dobe
better
lpe
the best
nejlpe
bad
patn
worse
hor
the worst
nejhor
little
mal
mlo
less
men
mn
the least
nejmen
nejmn
much
hodn
more
vce
the most
nejvce
many
hodn
more
vce
the most
nejvce
late
pozdn
pozd
later
pozdj
pozdji
the latest
nejnovj
nejpozdji
late
latter
ten druh
the last
posledn
farther
(mstn)
vzdlenj
dle
the farthest
further
(v poad)
dal
dle
the furthest
far
vzdlen
daleko
far
nejvzdlenj
nejdle
nejvzdlenj
nejdle
the biggest
the happiest
17
Zesilovn 2. a 3. stupn
vysvtlivka
the latest book nejnovj kniha
the last bus
posledn autobus

Frze
at least
at last
not in the least
last but not least
the former, the latter
the latest news
Lesser Town
at most
most teachers
alespo, pinejmenm
konen
ani v nejmenm
v neposledn ad
ten prvn jmenovan, ten druh
nejnovj zprvy
Mal Strana
nanejv
vtina uitel
zapamatuj si
the most people
most people
nejvce lid
vtina lid
Vrazy
n as-as
tak jako
He is as old as his cousin.
n not as-as
ne tak jako
He is not as old as his cousin.
n not so-as
ne tak jako
He is not so old as his cousin.
n than
ne
He is older than his cousin.
You are taller than me. = You are taller than I am.
n the, the
m, tm
The more you have, the more you want.
m vc m, tm vc chce.
zapamatuj si
than
as-as
the, the
18
ne
tak jako
m, tm
much, far, a lot

even
by far
very
mnohem
jet
zdaleka
velmi
He is by far the best student of all.

Je zdaleka nejlep student ze vech.
It is even worse than we expected.
Je to jet hor, ne jsme ekali.
Zeslabovn 1. a 2. stupn
less
a bit
a little
a little bit
slightly
mn
trochu, o nco
trochu, o nco
trochu, o nco
trochu, o nco
Do it a little bit better.

Udlej to o nco lpe.
He is less hard working than he used to be.
Je mn piln, ne bval.
I am going slightly mad.
Trochu mi hrabe.
Cvien 2.1. Vystupujte nsledujc pdavn jmna.

ADJECTIVE
big
large
lazy
crowded
busy
far
sad
fat
amusing
little
bad
lucky
contented
lovely
easy
thin
good
dangerous
safe
advanced
hot
often
wide
narrow
tiring
funny
slow
interesting
near
wet
COMPARATIVE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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SUPERLATIVE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cvien 2.2. Doplte do vt vrazy as-as nebo than. Vty pepite.
1) Jim is older Paul.

Jim is older than Paul
2) Fiona isnt tall Suzy.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Are you good at English your brother?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) I dont have many friends you.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Jeremy is younger his wife.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) A cheetah is faster a lion.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
7) Was it bad you expected?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Can Paul play squash well Charles?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) We are busy last year.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) This house is more expensive that one.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cvien 2.3. Pelote nsledujc vty.

1) Bylo to mnohem hor, ne jsme ekali.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Jak jsou nejnovj zprvy?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Mj bratr je o trochu thlej ne m sestra.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Jsi stejn dobr zpvk jako tvj otec.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) m dle mluvte, tm mn rozumme.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) m dve, tm lpe.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) To je zdaleka nejlep vtip, jak jsem kdy slyel.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Nae nov auto je mnohem rychlej, ale mn pohodln.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) Jsi opravdu tak dobr brank, jak kaj?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) Nebu tak hloup jako ona.

PDAVN JMNA A PEDLOKY

AT
vysvtlivka
st = something
sb = somebody
good at st
excellent at st
brilliant at st
bad at st
hopeless at st
shocked at (by) st
surprised at (by) st
astonished at (by)st
amazed at (by) st
I was shocked at what he had done.

Byl jsem okovn tm, co udlal.
20
OF
proud of st
aware of st
conscious of st
accused of st
tired of st
afraid of st, sb
terrified of st, sb
scared of st, sb
jealous of st, sb
envious of st, sb
nice of sb
kind of sb
rude of sb
stupid of sb
suspicious of st, sb
ashamed of st, sb
capable of st
incapable of st
typical of sb
independent of
fond of
vysvtlivka
Nkter anglick pdavn
jmna s pedlokou se do etiny
pekldaj slovesnou vazbou.
I am afraid of spiders.
Bojm se pavouk.
She has nothing to be ashamed of.
Nem se za co stydt.
They were jealous of my success.

rlili na m spchy.
TO
engaged to sb
married to sb
similar to st, sb
addicted to st
good to sb
nice to sb
cruel to sb
zapamatuj si
Its nice of you.
Be nice to me.
Je to od tebe mil.
Bu na m mil.
Be nice to her.
Bu na ni mil.
fed up with st, sb

angry with sb
crowded with sb
bored with st, sb
WITH
pleased with st
disappointed with st
satisfied with st
delighted with st
famous for st
sorry for sb
FOR
responsible for st, sb
Who is responsible for it?

Kdo je za to zodpovdn?
I am fed up with it!

U toho mm dost!
ON
keen on st, sb
angry about st
worried about st
excited about st
ABOUT
happy about st
nervous about st
sorry about st
Why is she worried about it?

Pro se tm znepokojuje?
dependent on st, sb
He isnt keen on sports.

Nem rd sport.
IN
interested in st
Jeff is interested in languages.
Jeff se zajm o jazyky.
zajmavost
angry about st
angry with sb
zlobit se kvli nemu

zlobit se na nkoho
Nkter pdavn jmna maj vazbu s rznmi pedlokami.

He is nice to his mother.
Je mil na svou matku.
It is nice of him.
Je to od nj mil.
21
I am sorry about it. Je mi to lto.

I feel sorry for him. Je mi ho lto.
I am sorry for disturbing you. Omoluvm se, e jsem vs
vyruil.
Dont be angry about it!
Dont be angry with me!
Neroziluj se kvli tomu!

Nezlob se na m!
Cvien 2.4. Doplte do vt pedloky.
1) Why did you do that? It was stupid . . . . . . . you.

2) You should be aware . . . . . . . it.
3) She said she was fed up . . . . . . . his behaviour.
4) He is tired . . . . . . . doing the same job every day.
5) Do you know that James is engaged. . . . . . . an
Australian girl?
6) Parents are always proud . . . . . . . their children.
7) When he is drunk he is capable . . . . . . . saying rude
things.
8) There is nothing to be ashamed . . . . . . .
9) They dont seem worried . . . . . . . the situation.
10) We were amazed . . . . . . . how calm she was.
11) He is always suspicious . . . . . . . my intentions.
12) I am sorry . . . . . . . her. She has so many health
problems.
13) Stop being angry . . . . . . . me.
14) The streets were crowded . . . . . . . people.
15) She is getting married next month. She is excited
. . . . . . . it.
16) Samantha is jealous . . . . . . . her sisters good look.
17) The film was horrible. We were really disappointed
. . . . . . . it.
18) I wish I were independent . . . . . . . my parents.
19) This car is similar . . . . . . . mine.
20) Ben is addicted . . . . . . . drugs.
Cvien 2.5. Dejte pdavn jmna do sprvnho poad.

1) a BLACK / SPORTS / NEW car

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) a(n) OLD / FRENCH / INTERESTING book

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) a GREEN / BIG / PLASTIC bag

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) a CHINA / SMALL / WHITE cup

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) a(n) JAPANESE / WRITING / OLD desk

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) a(n) SWISS / WOODEN / ANTIQUE clock.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) a GLASS / MODERN / RETCANGULAR table . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) a BIG / YELLOW / FUNNY umbrella

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) a(n) TALL / YOUNG / INTERESTING man

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) CURLY / DARK / LONG hair

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PDAVN JMNA ZAKONEN NA -ED A -ING

V anglitin se nkter pdavn jmna tvo ze sloves pponami ed a ing. Jedn se v podstat o pest, ve vt
se vak chovaj jako pdavn jmna.
surprise
pekvapit
surprising
pekvapiv
surprised
pekvapen
bore
nudit
boring
nudn
bored
znudn
confuse
mst
confusing
matouc
confused
zmaten
SLOVOSLED
tire
unavovat
tiring
navn
tired
unaven
Je-li ve vt vce pdavnch jmen, uvdj se nejdve pdavn jmna vyjadujc subjektivn nzor, potom pdavn
jmna konkrtn.
disappoint
zklamat
disappointing
neuspokojujc
disappointed
zklaman
shock
okovat
shocking
okujc
shocked
okovan
embarrass
uvst do rozpak
embarrassing
trapn
embarrassed
v rozpacch
amuse
bavit
amusing
zbavn
amused
pobaven
a
barva
black
22
nzor
nice
pvod
Chinese
velikost
big
materil
wooden
st
old
el
dining
tvar
round
podst. jm.
table
amaze
asnout
amazing
asn
amazed
uasl
annoy
otravovat
annoying
otravn
annoyed
otrven
excite
vzruit
exciting
vzruujc
excited
vzruen
exhaust
vyerpat
exhausting
vyerpvajc
exhausted
vyerpan
disgust
znechutit
disgusting
nechutn
disgusted
znechucen
interest
zajmat
interesting
zajmav
interested
zaujat
zapamatuj si
surprised pekvapen
surprising
pekvapiv
At the end of his confusing speech we were really confused.

You look surprised. Was the news really so surprising?
tahk
jen osoby
osoby i vci
bored
boring
I was bored. Nudil jsem se.

Jack is so boring. Jack je tak nudn.
The film was boring. Ten film byl nudn.
Cvien 2.6. Doplte do vt sprvn tvar slov v rmeku.

confuse
confuse
surprise
bore
excite
disappoint
amaze
disgust
interest
tire
1) He studied hard, so it is not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . he passed the exam.

2) They looked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , they didnt understand it at all.
3) Are you still so . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . about your new job?
4) She is so dirty and ugly, its . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Is he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in anything?
6) We loved it, it was simply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Jim was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . after the long journey.
8) The book was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I expected it to be much better.
9) I need a change. I am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with my job.
10) I have three friends of the same name-Paul. Sometimes it is a little . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Test 2
1) Peter is . . . . . . . student . . . . . . . all.

A) worst, of
B) the worst, from

C) the worst, of
D) worst, from
5) They bought a(n) . . . . . . . car last month.

A) black new estate
B) estate new black

C) new black estate
D) new estate black
2) Is it better . . . . . . . you thought?

A) that
B) then
C) it
6) You look. . . . . . . . What has happened?

A) surprise B) surprising C) surprises D) surprised
D) than
3) My brother is hopeless . . . . . . . remembering names.

A) in
B) at
C) from
D) of
7) The store will be closed until . . . . . . . notice.

A) farther
B) latest
C) further
D) last
4) His lecture was a little . . . . . . . We didnt understand it.

A) confusing B) confused C) amazing D) amazed
8) When does . . . . . . . bus to Oxford leave?

A) last
B) the last
C) latest
D) the latest
23
9) The book was . . . . . . . than the film.

A) much more interesting B) much interesting

C) more much interesting D) less more interesting
10) The weather in the UK is . . . . . . . than on the
Continent.

A) little wetter
B) little weter

C) a little weter
D) a little wetter
11) Jill is . . . . . . . actress ever.

A) far the best

C) by far best
B) far best
D) by far the best
12) . . . . . . . the children got . . . . . . . the teacher got.

A) The noisier, the angrier B) Noisier, angrier

C) The more noisy, the more angry

D) More noisier, more angry
13) Paul is jealous . . . . . . . his friend who is more
successful.

A) of
B) at
C) to
D) from
14) It was stupid . . . . . . . you to do that again.

A) from
B) of
C) to
D) with
15) Do you know the . . . . . . . girl over there?

A) pretty young tall
B) young pretty tall

C) tall pretty young
D) pretty tall young
16) How . . . . . . . I couldnt remember her name.

A) embarrassed
B) embarrassing

C) exhausting
D) exhausted
17) I have two brothers, Jim and Fred. . . . . . . . is 20, . . . . . . .
is 25.

A) The first, the second
B) The former, the later

C) The former, the latter
D) The first, the later
18) I expected more. I was slightly . . . . . . . with it.

A) disappointing
B) disappointed

C) ashamed
D) scared
19) Peters guitar is . . . . . . . than Johns.

A) much more loud
B) much loud

C) more loud
D) much louder
24
20) It will be expensive. It will cost 1, 000 . . . . . . .

A) at least
B) at the least

C) at most
D) at the most
3. Zjmena
a) OSOBN
j
ty
on
ona
ono
my
vy
oni
podmtov tvar
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
Where are they?

I cannot see them.
pedmtov tvar
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
This is my dog.
This dog is mine.
samostatn
stojc
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
Toto je m kniha.
Tato kniha je m.
zapamatuj si
To je mj pes.
Ten pes je mj.
a friend of mine
a friend of yours
a friend of his
a friend of hers
a friend of yours
a friend of ours
a friend of theirs
Pozor na astou chybu! a friend of him his
zjmena.
b) PIVLASTOVAC
nesamostatn
stojc
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Cvien 3.1.Doplte do vt osobn nebo pivlastovac
Who is it?
Kdo je to?
Its me. To jsem j.
This is my book.
This book is mine.
one of my friends
one of your friends
one of his friend
one of her friends
one of your friends
one of our friends
one of their friends
Kde jsou?
Nevidm je.
pikantnost
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
Samostatn stojc pivlastovac zjmena se pouvaj tak

v nsledujcch frzch:
1) I have known Lucy for ages but I have never

met . . . . . . . . . . brother.
2) Does this luggage belong to the Parkers? Yes,
it is . . . . . . . . . .
3) Do you know Jack and Jill? No, I have never
met . . . . . . . . . .
4) We need your help. Can you help . . . . . . . . . . ?
5) We are giving a housewarming party next week and
we are going to invite all . . . . . . . . . . friends.
6) Is this sweater Toms? No, it isnt . . . . . . . . . .
7) Cambridge is famous for . . . . . . . . . . university.
8) This is not my bag. This bag isnt . . . . . . . . . .
9) I left my umbrella at home. Can you lend me . . . . . . . . . .?
10) I am afraid we cant help you. Its your problem,
not . . . . . . . . . .
Cvien 3.2.Pepite nsledujc vty. Pouijte

samostatn stojc pivlastovac zjmena.
1) I saw one of your friends last night.

I saw a friend of yours last night.
2) Jim took one of my pens by mistake.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) One of their fans called them a week ago.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) We were there with three of our friends.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
5) Lucas is having dinner with one of his girlfriends.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) That girl is my best friend.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d) ZVRATN A ZDRAZOVAC -SELF

c) UKAZOVAC
jednotn slo
mnon slo
thistento
tato
toto
thesetito
tyto
tato
thattamten
tamta
tamto
thosetamti
tamty
tamta
This car is blue.

That car is white.
These houses are old.
Those houses are new.
Toto auto je modr.

Tamto auto je bl.
Tyto domy jsou star.
Tamty domy jsou nov.
tahk
jednotn slo mnon slo
this boy
these boys
that girl
those girls
zajmavost
Zjmeno this se pouv pi telefonovn
a pi pedstavovn.
Hello, this is James.
Hal, tady James.
Paula, this is my friend Sarah.
Pavlo, toto je moje ptelkyn Sra.
j
ty
on
ona
ono
my
vy
oni
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
1. zvratn
odpovdaj eskmu se, si
hurt oneself
excuse oneself
introduce oneself
enjoy oneself
kill oneself
shoot oneself
cut oneself
burn oneself
think to oneself
say to oneself
make oneself understood
help oneself
zranit se
omluvit se
pedstavit se
bavit se
zabt se
zastelit se
znout se
split se
pomyslet si
ci si
dorozumt se
poslouit si
Cvien 3.3. Dejte nsledujc vty do mnonho sla.
She smiled and thought to herself what a beautiful day.

Usmla se a pomyslela si, jak krsn den.
Help yourselves, children.
Poslute si, dti.
ale
slovesa zvratn v etin bez self
1) Do you like this house?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Is that book yours?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Excuse me, is this your suitcase?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) This man is weird.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wash
comb
shave
feel
dress
turn
change
26
mt se
esat se
holit se
ctit se
oblci se
otoit se
zmnit se
happen
behave
close
open
hide
laugh
smile
concentrate
relax
meet
stt se
chovat se
zavrat se
otvrat se
schovat se
smt se
usmvat se
soustedit se
odpoinout si
potkat se
He got up, washed and shaved.

Vstal, umyl se a oholil se.
2. zdrazovac
e) RECIPRON EACH OTHER, ONE ANOTHER

odpovdaj eskmu se, si ve smyslu vzjemn
We know each other. Znme se. (vzjemn)
ale
We know ourselves. Znme se. (sami sebe)
poznmka
each other = one another
James and Pet dont like each other. =
= James and Pet dont like one another.
James a Pet se nemaj rdi.
odpovdaj eskmu sm, osobn

kladou se za zdrazovan vtn len nebo na konec vty
He did it himself. Udlal to sm. (osobn)
He himself did it. Udlal to sm. (osobn)
ale
He was there alone. Byl tam sm. (bez nikoho)
zajmavost
They are selfish. They think only about themselves.
Jsou sobet. Mysl jen na sebe.
They are in love. They think only about each other.
Jsou zamilovan. Mysl jen jeden na druhho.
vysvtlivka
jednotn slo mnon slo
-self
-selves
Help yourself.
Poslu si.
Help yourselves.
Poslute si.
Cvien 3.4. Doplte do tabulky zvratn zjmena.

I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
Cvien 3.5.Doplte do vt -self / -selves nebo each

other nebo nechte mezeru przdnou.
1) We have never seen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . before.
2) Look at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the mirror, John.
3) Why are you so selfish, children? You think only
about . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) She is good at languages.
She can make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . understood in
English, French and Spanish.
5) Linda got up, washed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and made
breakfast.
6) At Christmas people give . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
presents.
7) Can I have some more ice cream?
Sure, help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Friends should help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) The shop closes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at seven.
10) The film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . was good, but I didnt
like the music at all.
27
f) TZAC
who
whom
whose
which
what
kdo
kdo po pedlokch
kter
co, jak
Who did she go there with?

Whose car is it?
What do you mean by that?
What is you favourite colour?
S km tam la?
je to auto?
Co tm mn?
Jak je tv oblben barva?
tahk
who
which
that
osoby
vci
osoby i vci
odkaz
Prostudujte si tak kapitolu
Vztan vty na stran 125
tahk
whose

Whose brother is it?
je to bratr?
whos
Whos your best friend?
Kdo je tvj nejlep ptel?
Cvien 3.6. Dolpte do otzek tzac zjmena.

1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is your favourite colour, red or orange?
2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . colour are his eyes?
3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is the longest river- the Amazon or the
Mississippi?
4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is the capital of Peru?
5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brother is Peter?
6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is your favourite pop group?
7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is the tallest person in your family?
8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . are they talking about? About cars.
9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . are they talking to? To Mary.
10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is the weather like in England?
g) VZTAN
who
whom
which
that
whose
what
kter, jen (ivotn)

kter, jen (ivotn po pedloce)
kter, jen, co (neivotn)
kter, jen (ivotn i neivotn)
jeho (ivotn i neivotn)
to, co
This is the song whose words I cant remember.

This is the song the words of which I cant remember.
To je ta pse, jej slova si nemohu zapamatovat.
28
h) NEURIT
njak, nkolik, trochu
SOME
v kladn oznamovac vt
v otzce pobdka, dost
There are some books on the table.

Na stole jsou njak knihy.
Will you have some more tea?
D si jet aj?
njak
dn
jakkoli, kterkoli
ANY
v otzce
v zporu (sloveso je zporn)
v kladn oznamovac vt
Are there any books on the table?

Jsou na stole njak knihy?
There arent any books on the table.
Na stole nejsou dn knihy.
Do it any time.
Udlej to kdykoli.
tahk
some
any
kladn vta
zporn vta, otzka
+ There are some oranges in the fridge.

? Are there any oranges in the fridge?
There arent any oranges in the fridge.
zajmavost
vysvtlivka
dme-li o nco nebo nabzme-li nco,

pouvme i v otzce some.
Can I have some sugar, please?
Mohu dostat cukr, prosm?
Will you have some tea?
Dte si aj?
Je-li zjmeno podmtem

na zatku zporn vty, mus
bt v zpornm tvaru toto zjmeno, nikoli sloveso.
Nobody knew how to do it.
Nikdo nevdl, jak to udlat.
Nelze
Anybody didnt know how to do it.
zajmavost
Cvien 3.7.Doplte do vt some, any, no
Any v kladn vt znamen jakkoli.
somebody, someone
anybody, anyone
nobody, no-one
everybody, everyone
osoby
something
anything
nothing
everything
vci
nebo jejich sloeniny.

1) Do you have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for me? Yes, a flower.
2) Will you have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . more coffee?
No, thanks.
3) Is there . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . milk left?
4) He never does . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . work.
5) What would you like? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., I dont mind.
6) Calm down, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . really happened.
7) It looked serious, but fortunately . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . got
injured.
8) There is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at the door. Who could it be?
9) We would like to go . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hot in the
summer.
10) Ben has to walk to school because there
is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bus.
msto
Are there any books on the table?

Jsou na stole njak knihy?
Which newspaper do you want? Jak chce noviny?

Any, I dont mind. Jakkoli, je mi to jedno.
SLOENINY
NONE
somewhere
anywhere
nowhere
everywhere
Somebody brought it.
It was everywhere.
NO
Nkdo to pinesl.
Bylo to vude.
dn
sloveso je kladn
dn
samostatn stojc
No, there are none.
Ne, dn.
poznmka
Are there any girls in your class?
No, there are no girls. = No, (there are) none.
There are no books on the table.

Na stole nejsou dn knihy.
poznmka
There are no boys in our class. =
= There arent any boys in our class.
EVERY
kad (bez vjimky)
I was there every day.

Byl jsem tam kad den.
29
EACH
kad (jednotliv)
Each of us understood it in a different way.

Kad z ns tomu rozuml jinak.
ELSE
jet, jin (po tzacch a neuritch zjmenech)
what else?
who else?
how else?
someone else
co jet?
kdo jet?
jak jinak?
nkdo jin
pikantnost
V obchod i restauraci asto uslyme frzi
Anything else? Jet nco?
Nesmme ji zamnit s frz
Is that all?
Je to ve?
ALL
cel, vechen, vichni
vysvtlivka
Neither je zporn zjmeno,
proto mus bt sloveso kladn.
Neither of them could do it.
Ani jeden z nich to nemohl udlat.
poznmka
neither
none
dn, ani jeden ze dvou

dn, ani jeden z vce
oba
Both my children were sick last week.

Ob m dti byly minul tden nemocn.
EITHER
ani jeden, ani druh, dn (ze dvou)
Neither of us was there.

Ani jeden z ns (2) tam nebyl.
None of us was there.
Ani jeden z ns (vce) tam nebyl.
I was there all day.

Byl jsem tam cel den.
All the audience applauded.
Vichni tleskali.
BOTH
NEITHER
I met two people at the station. Neither of them knew

when my train leaves.
Na ndra jsem potkal dva lidi. Ani jeden nevdl, kdy mi jede
vlak.
jeden i, nebo druh
There are houses on either side of the the street.

Na obou stranch (na jedn i druh stran) ulice jsou domy.
Would you like tea or coffee? Either, I dont mind.
D si aj, nebo kvu? Jedno nebo druh, je mi to jedno.
poznmka
ONE, ONES
zstupn zjmeno
I like this car, but I dont like that one (= that car).
Lb se mi toto auto, ale tamto (auto) ne.
I dont like the green trousers, but I quite like the blue ones.
Ty zelen kalhoty se mi nelb, ale ty modr se mi celkem lb.
zajmavost
Po vrazech these a those
se zjmeno ones nepouv.
I like this house but I dont like that one.
I like these houses but I dont like those.
eitheror bu a nebo
He is either stupid or lazy.
Je bu hloup, a nebo ln.
Cvien 3.8. Doplte do vt zjmena z rmeku.

none
either
30
neither
one
each
ones
every
both
all
else
1) Jane and Hannah were late. They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . arrived at 10.

2) They tried two hotels, but . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of them had vacancies.
3) I promise, I will do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I can.
4) She goes to the hairdressers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . three weeks.
5) No-one . . . . . . . . . . . . . . could do it.
6) Which pears do you want? The green . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you say sorry to him or you will have to leave.
8) There were a lot of people, but . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of them helped.
9) Which movie did you watch last night? The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with James Dean.
10) There are several cars in front of the school. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of them is a different colour.
OTHER, ANOTHER
jednotn slo
nepoitateln
other work
jin, dal prce
the other work
ta druh prce
poitateln
another boy
jin, dal,
jet jeden chlapec
the other boy
ten druh chlapec
Can I have another cup of coffee?

I have some other work to do.
The other girl is clever.
mnon slo
ped podstatnm jmnem
mnon slo
bez podstatnho jmna
other boys
jin chlapci,
dal chlapci
the other boys
ti druz chlapci
others
jin,
dal
the others
ti druz
Mohu dostat jet jeden lek kvy?

Mm nco jinho na prci.
Ta druh dvka je chytr.
i) VRAZY MNOSTV MUCH, MANY
vysvtlivka
Podstatn jmna
poitateln
nepoitateln
an + other = another
Cvien 3.9. Doplte do vt vrazy z rmeku.

other
others
another
the other
the others
1) I broke his knife. I am afraid I will have to buy

him . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one.
2) This bike is OK, but . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one is bad.
3) You shouldnt expect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to do your
work.
4) Is there any . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . possibility?
5) Only one review of the film was positive,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . were negative.
many books
mnoho
knih
much snow
hodn snhu
a lot of books
spousta
knih
a lot of snow
spousta snhu
lots of books
spousty
knih
lots of snow
spousty snhu
few books
mlo
knih
little snow
mlo snhu
a few books
pr,
nkolik
knih
a little snow
trochu snhu
31
Vraz much se pouv v otzce a zporn vt.

There wasnt much snow in the mountains.
Na horch nebylo moc snhu.
Ostatn vrazy se pouvaj ve vech typech vt.
Do you have many friends? = Do you have a lot of friends?
= Do you have lots of friends?
M hodn ptel?
tahk
many
few
a few
poitateln
much
little
a little
nepoitateln
Cvien 3.10.Doplte do vt much, many, few, little,

a few, a little.
1) We dont have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . information, I am afraid.
2) I have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . time, I cant wait.
3) There was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . snow in the mountains,
so we could still ski.
4) There werent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . guests at the party.
Only about 5.
5) I have got . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . friends, its good to know
that.
6) There isnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to do in our town.
7) Shall we eat out tonight? Sorry, I have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
money.
8) He passed the exam even though he made . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . mistakes.
9) The streets were almost empty.
There were . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . people there.
10) Have you got any money on you?
Yes, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Test 3
1) Does it belong to Bill and Sam? No, it isnt . . . . . . .

A) their
B) them
C) theirs
D) they
2) Would you like coffee or tea? . . . . . . ., I dont mind.

A) Neither B) Either
C) None
D) Each
32
3) Could you help me find . . . . . . . glove?

A) another B) other
C) others
D) the other
4) There were a lot of people, but unfortunately . . . . . . . of
them helped him.

A) none
B) neither
C) all
D) each
5) Who was that? A friend of . . . . . . .

A) us
B) our
C) ours
D) them
6) Lets go shopping. There is . . . . . . . butter left.

A) no
B) nothing C) any
D) anything
7) We have got . . . . . . . apples, we can make apple pie.

A) a little
B) little
C) a few
D) few
8) It isnt here, it must be . . . . . . . .

A) anywhere else
B) somewhere else

C) nowhere else
D) something else
9) . . . . . . . of you has broken the window?

A) Who
B) Which
C) What
D) Whose
10) Jane, look at . . . . . . . in the mirror, you look horrible.

A) yourself B) herself
C) yourselves D) themself
11) Who are . . . . . . . young ladies over there?

A) these
B) this
C) those
D) that
12) Rick doesnt believe it . . . . . . .

A) himself
B) itself
C) each other D) herself
13) Alison and Daniel have known . . . . . . . for ages.

A) themselves
B) himself

C) herself
D) each other
14) . . . . . . . luggage is it? Toms or Bills?

A) Whose
B) What
C) Who
D) Whom
15) He didnt have . . . . . . . reason to say that.

A) no
B) some
C) any
D) anything
16) The building has seven floors and there are five offices
on . . . . . . . floor.

A) every
B) each
C) all
D) both
17) I read two books by Ian Mc Ewan, but . . . . . . . of them in
English.

A) either
B) no
C) neither
D) none
18) Let me tell you . . . . . . . words about it.

A) a few
B) a little
C) few
D) little
19) I need . . . . . . . month to finish the project.

A) the other B) other
C) another D) else
20) Do you like the brown shoes? No, I like the black . . . . . . .

A) one
B) ones
C) them
D) others

4. slovky
a) ZKLADN
0 nought

zero

nil

o
1 one
2 two
3 three
4 four
5 five
6 six
7 seven
8 eight

21

100

236

1,000

1,000,000
1,000,000,000

2.45
Skupiny t slic se oddluj rkou:

3,000 three thousand
5,126,400 five million one hundred and twenty-six
thousand four hundred
2,500,457 two million five hundred thousand four
hundred and fifty-seven
matematick veliina
rovnice, stupn
hovorov, ve sportu
telefon
9 nine
10 ten
11 eleven
12 twelve
13 thirteen
1319 -teen
15 fifteen
20 twenty
30 thirty
40 forty
50 fifty
6090 -ty
Hundred, thousand, million nemaj po uritch slovkch

tvar mnonho sla:
two hundred
five thousand
seven million
ale
hundreds of people stovky lid
twenty-one atd.
one hundred
two hundred and thirty-six
one thousand
one million
one milliard GB
one billion US
two point four five
Destky a jednotky se spojuj spojovnkem:

twenty-one
thirty-seven
sixty-eight
tahk
five hundred people pt set lid
hundreds of people stovky lid
Desetinn sla se p s desetinnou tekou:

3.64 three point six four
50.05 fifty point o five
0.5 nought point five
zapamatuj si
zajmavost
Mezi destkou a jednotkou se pe

spojovnk. 23 = twenty-three
Stovky a destky, pop. jednotky se spojuj and:

three hundred and seventy-two
nine hundred and three
one hundred and twelve
zapamatuj si
Mezi stovkou a destkou se te and.
372 = three hundred and seventy-two
rka oddluje skupinu t slic.

Teka oddluje desetinn sla.
3,256three thousand two hundred and fifty-six
3.256 three point two five six
Cvien 4.1. Napite nsledujc sla slovy.
1) 13
2) 30
3) 78
4) 98
5) 15
6) 51
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
7) 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) 897 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) 6,259 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) 8,900,820 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) 129 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) 2.58 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) 7,000,216 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
msk slice u jmen panovnk se te jako adov slovka

Henry VIII Henry the Eighth
Elizabeth I Elizabeth the First
pikantnost
WW I = World War One = The First World War
WW II = World War Two = the Second World War
b) ADOV
1-st
2-nd
3-rd
4-th
4 a ve +th
7-th
poznmka
the first
the second
the third
the fourth
prvn
druh
tet
tvrt
the seventh
sedm
zmny v pravopisu
five 5-th
nine 9-th
twelve
12-th
twenty
20-th
fifth
ninth
twelfth
twentieth
U adovch slovek psanch slic se v anglitin nikdy

nepe na rozdl od etiny teka.
the 1st
the 2nd
the 30th
1.
2.
3.
4.
the 1st
the 2nd
the 3rd
the 4th
the first
the second
the third
the fourth
Cvien 4.2.Napite k zkladnm slovkm slovky

adov.
sloen slovky
21-st
the twenty-first
36-th
the thirty-sixth
tahk
Ped adovou slovkou je urit len.

the first prvn
1) one
2) twelve
3) five
4) forty
5) fifty-four
6) thirty-nine
7) seventy-three
8) twenty-two
9) fifty-one
10) two
c) NSOBN
jednou
dvakrt
tikrt
tikrt a ve
once
twice
three times
+times
d) ZLOMKY
1/2
1/3
1/4
34
the first
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
one half
one third
one quarter
1st
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
2/5
32/74
two fifths
thirty-two over seventy-four
Pouit zlomk:
half a kilo
half an hour
a quarter of an hour
three and a half days
three quarters of a mile
pl kila
pl hodiny
tvrt hodiny
ti a pl dne
ti tvrtiny mle
19th century
BC Before Christ
AD Anno Domini
devatenct stolet
ped nam letopotem
naeho letopotu
poznmka
Rok 2006 se te:
two thousand (and) six
(two thousand o six)
Cvien 4.3. Spojte vrazy z obou sloupek.

1) four times
2) four fifths
3) three quarters
4) four over fifteen
5) twice
6) once
7) two thirds
8) one half
9) three point four
10) three over twenty
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
G)
H)
I)
J)
1
4
2
3/20
3/4
2/3
1/2
4/15
4/5
3.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
e) DATA A LETOPOTY
21/03/1964
21. 3. 1964
21st March, 1964
21 March, 1964
March 21st, 1964
March 21, 1964
te se
1. March, the twenty-first, nineteen-sixty-four
2. the twenty-first of March, nineteen-sixty-four
Hundred se v letopotu te, je-li v jeho prvn i druh sti
slo men ne deset
1905 nineteen hudred and five (nineteen o five)
863 eight hundred and sixty-three
pedloky
on the twenty-first of March
in 1964
in March
zajmavost
date
day
month
year
century
datum
den
msc
rok
stolet
tahk
January
February
March
April
May
June
leden
nor
bezen
duben
kvten
erven
July
August
September
October
November
December
ervenec
srpen
z
jen
listopad
prosinec
pikantnost
Data se p odlin v britsk
a americk anglitin.
UK
US
CZ
03/05/2006 05/03/2006 3. kvtna 2006
35
Cvien 4.4. Pepite nsledujc data slovy.

1) 26/ 05/ 2005
2) 17. 11. 1989
3) 4th July 1776
4) 15. 3. 1939
5) 1534
6) 1620
7) 55 BC
8) 43 AD
9) 1066
10) 3. 6. 1998
the twenty-sixth of May two thousand (and) five

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
f) MATEMATICK SYMBOLY
3 + 3 = 6
5 2 = 3
2 5 = 10
20 : 10 = 2
22 = 4
4 = 2
50 %
45
three plus three equals (is) six

five minus two equals (is) three
two multiplied by five equals (is) ten
twenty divided by ten equals (is) two
two squared equals (is) four
the square root of four equals (is) two
fifty per cent
forty-five degrees
Cvien 4.5. Pepite slovy.
1) 90 %
2) 6 + 12 = 18
3) 5 6 = 30
4) 35 : 7 = 5
5)
16 = 4
6) 52 = 25
36
ninety per cent

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Pomocn slovesa
BE, HAVE, DO
STAEN TVARY
Pomocn slovesa pomhaj tvoit asy, otzky, zpor,

trpn rod. Pouvaj se v tzacch dovtcch a v krtkch
odpovdch.
V hovorov anglitin se asto vyskytuj ve staench
tvarech.
a) BE
a) Tvo prbhov asy.
I am sitting.
They were driving.
He has been waiting for an hour.
tahk
I am
you are
he / she / it is
we are
you are
they are
zapamatuj si
Pomocn sloveso to be se pouv
pi tvoen prbhovch as a trpnho rodu.
I am listening to you.
It was said yesterday.
pikantnost
Pozor na astou chybu:
It will delivered tomorrow.
It will be delivered tomorrow.
=
=
=
=
=
=
Im
youre
hes / shes / its
were
youre
theyre
pikantnost
Apostrof v anglitin znamen,
e byla vynechna psmena.
Im bylo vynechno a
ASOVN SLOVESA TO BE
minul as
I was
you were
he was
she was
it was
we were
you were
they were
budouc as
I will be
Ill be
you will be
youll be
he will be
hell be
she will be
shell be
it will be
itll be
we will be
well be
you will be
youll be
they will be theyll be
Staen tvary jsou v anglitin ast, nemly by se vak

vyskytovat v psemnm projevu.
b) Tvo trpn rod.

The room is decorated every year.
The car was made in Japan.
It will be said at the meeting.
ptomn as
I am
you are
he is
she is
it is
we are
you are
they are
ptomn as
I am
Im
you are
youre
he is
hes
she is
shes
it is
its
we are
were
you are
youre
they are
theyre
budouc as
I will be
you will be
he will be
she will be
it will be
we will be
you will be
they will be
OTZKA
Otzka se tvo inverz.
+ He is sitting.
+ He was born in 1960.
? Is he sitting?
? When was he born?
zapamatuj si
+ They are waiting.
? Are they waiting?
37
ZPOR
Zpor se tvo zporkou not.
He is not sitting.
= He isnt sitting.
It was not said
= It wasnt said.
She will not be there. = She wont be there.
zapamatuj si
+ It is raining.
It is not raining.= It isnt raining.
Sloveso to be je tak vznamov sloveso bt.

They are waiting.
pomocn
They are students. vznamov
zajmavost
Frze How are you? je v anglicky mluvcch
zemch v podstat soust pozdravu.
Odpovd eskmu Jak se m? Jak se mte?
Mt se patn a jet se k tomu piznat
se povauje za nezdvoil, proto je
jedinou spoleensky pijatelnou
odpovd: Im fine. Fine.
b) HAVE
Pomocn sloveso have tvo perfektn asy (pedptomn,
pedminul, pedbudouc).
We have bought a new car.
zapamatuj si
Pomocn sloveso to have se pouv
pi tvoen perfektnch as:
I have never been there.
38
ASOVN SLOVESA TO HAVE

ptomn as
I have
you have
he has
she has
it has
we have
you have
they have
minul as
I had
you had
he had
she had
it had
we had
you had
they had
budouc as
I will have
you will have
he will have
she will have
it will have
we will have
you will have
they will have
vysvtlivka
Sloveso have m stejn tvar pro vechny
osoby v minulm a budoucm ase.
V ptomnm ase m jin tvar
pro tet osobu jednotnho sla.
He has broken his leg.
STAEN TVARY
ptomn as
I have
Ive
you have
youve
he has
hes
she has
shes
it has
its
we have
weve
you have
youve
they have
theyve
minul as
I had
Id
you had
youd
he had
hed
she had
shed
it had
we had
wed
you had
youd
they had
theyd
I will have
you will have
he will have
she will have
it will have
we will have
you will have
budouc as
Ill have
youll have
hell have
shell have
itll have
well have
youll have
they will have
theyll have
tahk
I have
=
you have
=
he / she / it has =
we have
=
you have
=
they have
=
Ive
youve
hes / shes / its
weve
youve
theyve
OTZKA
+ She has bought it.
V americk anglitin se astji pouv vznamov

sloveso have.
+ She has a new car.
? Does she have a new car?
She doesnt have a new car.
V minulm ase se u vznamovho slovesa to have ( got)
tvo otzka a zpor pomoc did a didnt.
? Did she have short hair when she was 12?
She didnt have short hair when she was 12.
c) DO
? Has she bought it?
zapamatuj si
+ They have heard it.
? Have they heard it?
ZPOR
Zpor se tvo zporkou not.
She has not bought it.= She hasnt bought it.
zapamatuj si
+ They have heard it.
They have not heard it. = They havent heard it.
Sloveso to have je tak vznamov sloveso vlastnit, mt.

She has bought a new car.
pomocn
She has a new car.
vznamov
Vznamov sloveso to have got se pouv astji v britsk
anglitin.
+ She has got a new car.
? Has she got a new car?
She hasnt got a new car.
a) Tvo otzku a zpor v ptomnm ase prostm a minulm ase prostm.

? Do you understand?
He did not (= didn) know it.
b) V oznamovacch vtch kladnch zdrazuje vznamov
sloveso.
But I did understand it. Ale j jsem tomu rozuml.
zapamatuj si
Pomocn sloveso to do se pouv pi
tvoen otzky a zporu v ptomnm
ase prostm a minulm ase prostm.
Do you always do it?
I dont know.
He didnt do it.
ASOVN SLOVESA TO DO
ptomn as
I do
you do
he does
she does
it does
we do
you do
they do
minul as
I did
you did
he did
she did
it did
we did
you did
they did
budouc as
I will do
you will do
he will do
she will do
it will do
we will do
you will do
they will do
pikantnost
Vznamov sloveso have got
(mt, vlastnit) je vlastn
pedptomn as slovesa get.
39
Sloveso do m stejn tvar pro vechny osoby vminulm

abudoucm ase.
Vptomnm ase m jin tvar pro tet osobu jednotnho
sla.
He never does it.
pikantnost
Pozor na astou chybu.
Do you it every day?
Do you do it every day?
They dont it very often.
They dont do it very often.
STAEN TVARY
budouc as
I will do
Ill do
you wil do
youll do
he will do
hell do
she will do
shell do
it will do
itll do
we will do
well do
you will do
youll do
they will do
theyll do
zajmavost
Frze How do you do? je soust
pedstavovn.
Odpovd piblin eskmu T m.
Cvien 5.1.Doplte do vt pomocn slovesa

do, be, have ve sprvnm tvaru.
tahk
will = ll
ZPOR
V zporu se asto pouvaj staen tvary.
I do not
I dont
you do not
you dont
he does not
he doesnt
she does not
she doesnt
it does not
it doesnt
we do not
we dont
you do not
you dont
they do not
they dont
tahk
do not = dont
does not = doesnt
Sloveso to do je tak vznamov sloveso dlat, konat.

Did you understand?
pomocn
I did it yesterday.
vznamov
40
1) Did you hear it yesterday?

2) James . . . . . . . writing a letter to his uncle, not to his
father.
3) What . . . . . . . she do on Saturdays?
4) . . . . . . . you ever met him before?
5) Where . . . . . . . you born?
6) No, we . . . . . . . go by tram, we went by bus.
7) It . . . . . . . announced last week.
8) Matilda . . . . . . . never been to Europe.
9) They . . . . . . . in Mexico, they were in the USA.
10) How . . . . . . . you? Fine, thanks. And you?
Cvien 5.2. Opravte chyby ve vtch. Vty pepite.
1) Jim have never smoked a cigar.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) We didnt it last week, we did it the week before.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) The girls doesnt wear skirts to school.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) It said at the meeting last Tuesday.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) I promise, Ill there in time.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Modln slovesa
CAN
OUGHT TO
COULD
WILL
MAY
WOULD
MIGHT
USED TO
MUST
DARE
NEED NOT
HAD BETTER
SHALL
WOULD RATHER
SHOULD
Modln slovesa modifikuj vznamov slovesa.

a) Vyjaduj urit stupe povinnosti i schopnosti
I must leave.
Musm odejt.
I can swim.
Umm plavat.
b) Vyjaduj urit stupe pravdpodobnosti.
He may come.
Mon pijde.
It cant be true. To neme bt pravda.
poznmka
Po kadm modlnm slovese mus
nsledovat sloveso vznamov.
He can speak French. Um francouzsky.
Od ostatnch sloves se modln slovesa odliuj nsledujcmi zvltnostmi.

1) Nemaj s ve tet osob jednotnho sla She must do it.
2) Otzka a zpor se netvo pomoc pomocnch sloves, ale inverz a zporkou not. ? Can you sing? They mustnt do it.
3) Nsleduje po nich infinitiv bez to. You shouldnt say that.
4) Vyskytuj se jen v ptomnm ase prostm, nkter v minulm ase a podmiovacm zpsobu. It may be true.
We could do it.
5) Ostatn tvary a asy se vyjaduj pomoc opis. He would have to ask.
zajmavost
OPISY MODLNCH SLOVES

can
may
must
to be able to
to be allowed to
to have to
moci
smt
muset
zapamatuj si
can = to be able to
may = to be allowed to
must = to have to
Sloveso cannot se pe dohromady.

Sloveso could not se pe zvl.
Pouit:
a) schopnost, neschopnost
I can swim.
I cannot (cant) swim.
Umm plavat.
Neumm plavat.
b) dovolen, zkaz
I can sing.
I cannot (cant) sing.
Mohu zpvat.
Nemohu zpvat.
c) jistota v zporu (urit ne)

He cant be stupid.
Urit nen hloup.
a) CAN, COULD
Zpor:
Opis:
Minul as:
I cannot = cant
to be able to
could
Podmiovac
zpsob:
could
neumm, nemohu
d) can + minul infinitiv div, jistota v minulosti

He cant have stolen it.
Pece to neukradl.
He cant have understood it.
Urit tomu nerozuml.
41
e) could + minul infinitiv dj se mohl odehrt,

ale neodehrl
He could have done it, it was easy.
Mohl to udlat, bylo to snadn. (ale neudlal)
7) It was difficult, but we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do it.

8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you give me a hand?
9) Megan used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . run 1 mile.
10) I dont have time. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wait.
b) MAY, MIGHT
zajmavost
Soveso can a could se pouv pro
vyjden dosti. Could je zdvoilej.
Can you help me? Me mi pomoci?
Could you do it for me? Mohl bys to pro m udlat?
Can I borrow your pen? Mohu si pjit tvoje pero?
Could I use your phone? Mohl bych si zavolat?
I may not
Zpor:
Opis:
Minul as:
Podmiovac
zpsob:
I must not =
mustnt
to be allowed to
might
nesmm
(nemm dovoleno)
nesmm
(siln zkaz)
might
Pouit opisu:
He was able to swim.
Byl schopen plavat.
He will be able to swim.
Bude moci (schopen) plavat.
He would be able to swim. Mohl by (byl by schopen)
plavat.
He has never been able to swim. Nikdy neuml plavat.
Pouit:
a) dovolen, zkaz
May I come in?
Smm vstoupit?
Passengers may not lean out of the window.
Cestujc se nesm vyklnt z okna. (slab zkaz)
You mustnt do it. To nesm dlat. (silnj zkaz)
V minulm ase je rozdl mezi could a was / were able to.

I could swim when I was 5. Uml jsem plavat, kdy mi bylo 5.
I was able to swim even though the water was very cold.
Podailo se mi plavat, i kdy voda byla velmi studen.
b) nejistota
He may come.
He might come.
Sloveso can a could se pouv ped nsledujcmi slovesy:

see, hear, smell, feel, taste, understand, remeber.
Do etiny se ale nepekld.
I can see that.
To vidm.
Can you hear it? Sly to?
Cvien 6.1.Doplte do vt can / could nebo opis

to be able to ve sprvnm tvaru.
1) I hope you will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . speak English
well before you go to the USA next year.
2) Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . speak when he was
18 months old.
3) Excuse me, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I ask you
a question?
4) Id like . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . play the violin.
5) He has never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lie.
6) I think she would . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do it, but
she doesnt want to.
42
Mon pijde.
Mon pijde. (mn jist)
zajmavost
MAY + BE = MAYBE
ME + BT = MON
c) may + minul infinitiv - nejistota v minulosti

You may have heard about it. Mon jsi o tom slyel.
d) might + minul infinitiv - vt nejistota ne may
He might have understood. Mon rozuml. (ale spe ne)
Pouit opisu:
I was allowed to do it.
Sml jsem to udlat.
He will be allowed to read the letter.
Bude si smt ten dopis pest.
Cvien 6.2.Doplte do vt may / night nebo opis

to be allowed to ve sprvnm tvaru.
1) The children have never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
swim in the lake.
2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I open the door? Its hot in
here.
3) I hope I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . smoke at home
when I am 18, which is in June.
4) They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not) leave the hotel
without permission last night.
5) You would . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . go with us if you
asked your parents.
6) Hed like . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . drive his mums car.
7) Jessica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . be right.
8) When I was 14 I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not) go to
the cinema in the evening.
9) Take an umbrella. It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rain in
the afternoon.
10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I help myself to some more
coffee?
c) MUST
Zpor:
Opis:
I need not= neednt

to have to
nemusm
Pouit:
a) povinnost
You must do it.
Mus to udlat.
b) jistota
He must know it.
Urit to v.
c) must + minul infinitiv jistota v minulosti

They must have heard it. Urit to slyeli.
Pouit zporu:
He mustnt do it
Nesm to dlat.
He neednt do it.
Nemus to dlat.
He doesnt have to do it. Nemus to dlat.
zapamatuj si
You mustnt do it. Nesm to dlat.
You neednt do it. Nemus to dlat.
You cant do it.
Neme to dlat.
zajmavost
Must je velmi siln pkaz.
Mustnt je velmi siln zkaz.
You must go there!
Mus tam jt!
You mustnt go there! Nesm tam jt!
Pouit opisu:
I have to be there.
Musm tam bt. (nut m k tomu okolnosti)
She had to write it.
Musela to napsat.
I would have to ask.
Musel bych se zeptat.
We will have to leave soon. Budeme muset za chvli odejt.
Rozdl mezi must a have to v ptomnm ase.
must
subjektivn nutnost
I must leave.
Musm odejt.
have to
objektivn nutnost
I have to leave. Musm odejt. (je pozd, nkdo na m ek,
apod.)
Zpor v minulosti:
a) I neednt have raked the garden.
Nemusel jsem hrabat zahradu. (Ale j ji hrabal.)
b) I didnt have (need) to rake the garden.
Nemusel jsem hrabat zahradu. (A tud jsem ji nehrabal.)
Cvien 6.3.Doplte do vt must nebo opis to have to

ve sprvnm tvaru.
1) Yesterday I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stay in bed. I felt sick.
2) I am afraid you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . go there
tomorrow, not today.
3) Have you ever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . speak in public?
4) You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . be patient!
5) Its Sunday tomorrow, so we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(not) get up early.
6) They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not) work yesterday, so
they went to the sea.
7) She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do it right now!
8) Policemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wear uniforms.
9) We have never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . borrow money.
10) I hope I will never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ask him for help.
43
Cvien 6.4. Doplte do vt must, mustnt, neednt.

1) Its top secret. You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tell anybody.
2) The train leaves in five minutes.
We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hurry.
3) They won a million. They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . work.
4) There is still some wine left. We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
go shopping.
5) You can borrow my bike but you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
damage it.
6) James asked me to get a newspaper.
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . forget to buy it
7) You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . remember to call your mum.
8) We need a new car. It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . be big but
it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . be safe.
9) You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . play with the matches, Tom.
Its dangerous.
10) You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . worry. It isnt dangerous.
PRAVDPODOBNOST
MUST
They must come.
They must be coming.
They must have come.
URIT ANO
Urit pijdou.
Urit pichzej.
Urit pili.
CANT
She cant be stupid.
She cant be sleeping.
She cant have understood.
URIT NE
Urit nen hloup.
Urit nesp.
Urit nerozumla.
MAY / MIGHT
He may / might do it.
ASI ANO, MON ANO

Mon to udl.
He may / might be having

dinner.
Mon vee.
He may / might have gone

shopping.
Mon el nakoupit.
MAY NOT / MIGHT NOT
ASI NE, MON NE
They may not / might not

buy it.
Mon si to nekoup.

be listening.
Mon neposlouchaj.

have known that.
Mon to nevdli.
44
Cvien 6.5.Pepite vty s pouitm must, cant, may /

might, may not / might not.
1) I am sure Fiona is still working.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Maybe they were sick.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Maybe he didnt see her.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) I am sure Jack is hungry.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) I am sure you are joking.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) I am sure it wasnt true.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) I am sure you left your purse at home.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) I am sure you are not serious.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) Maybe they are waiting in another place.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) I am sure he took it by mistake.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d) SHALL
Zpor: shall not (shant)
Vyjaduje nabdku, nvrh, slabou povinnost.
Shall I open the window?
Mm otevt okno?
Where shall we meet?
Kde se sejdeme?
Shall we go to the cinema? Pjdeme do kina?
Cvien 6.6. Doplte do vt shall a slovesa z rmeku.

wear
meet
answer
invite
help
lend
go
get
turn
open
1) I havent got any money on me.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . some?
2) The phone is ringing.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it?
3) The bag is heavy.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you carry it?
4) Lets go to the cinema. When and where . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
5) You are pale.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the window?
6) The sun is shining.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . swimming?
7) I have got a headache.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you aspirin?
8) The music is too loud.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it down?
9) Lets have a party next week.
Who . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
10) I am going to the ball tonight.
What . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
e) SHOULD
Zpor: should not (shouldnt)
Pouit:
a) slab povinnost, doporuen.
You should try it.
Ml bys to zkusit.
They shouldnt go there.
Nemli by tam chodit.
He should be wearing sunglasses. Ml by mt slunen brle.
b) domnnka.
The light is on. They should be at home.
Svtlo svt. Mli by bt doma.
c) should + minul infinitiv nesplnn povinnost nebo
rada v minulosti
You should have been there.
Ml jsi tam bt.

(Ale nebyl.)
You shouldnt have drunk so much. Neml jsi tolik pt.
They should have been listening. Mli poslouchat.
zajmavost
He should be going there.
Ml by bt na cest. (te)
He should go there.
Ml by tam jt. (za chvli, ztra)
He should have gone there.
Ml tam jt. (vera)
odkaz
Should v podmnkovch vtch
Viz Podmnkov vty-kapitola na stran 120
Cvien 6.7.Utvote vty. Pouijte should /shouldnt

a sprvn tvar slovesa v zvorce.
1) He is riding a bike without a helmet.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (wear)
2) They went there without a guide.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go)
3) She wasnt there on time.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be late)
4) You are tired, arent you?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . early last night. (go to bed)
5) I got lost yesterday
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ask the way)
6) He is supposed to send it by email.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (post)
f) OUGHT TO
Zpor: ought not to
Pouit:
a) slab povinnost, doporuen. Je formlnj ne should.
You ought to ask for it. Ml bys o to podat.
b) ought to + minul infinitiv nesplnn povinnost nebo
rada v minulosti
You ought to have been there. Ml jsi tam bt.
vysvtlivka
should = ought to
He should have been there. =
= He ought to have been there.
d) v podmnkovch vtch -snad.

If you should see him Kdybys ho snad vidl
45
g) WILL
i) USED TO
Zpor: will not (wont)
Zpor: didnt use to

Otzka: did you use to
Vyjaduje opakovan dj v minulosti, chceme-li naznait
protiklad mezi souasnost a minulost.
Pouit:
a) jako pomocn sloveso pro tvoen budoucho asu viz
budouc as
I will do it. I promise.
Udlm to. Slibuji.
b) vle, ochota
I will do it.
Udlm to. (jsem ochoten)
c) will v otzce zdvoil dost

Will you open the door?
Otevete, prosm, dvee.
d) nabdka
Will you have some more tea? Dte si jet aj?
e) obvykl i opakovan dj v ptomnosti
Such things will happen
Takov vci se stvaj.
The car wont start again.
A to auto zase ne a ne chytit.
odkaz
Sloveso will viz kapitola
Budouc as na stran 68
h) WOULD
Zpor: would not (wouldnt)
Pouit:
a) jako pomocn sloveso pro tvoen podmiovacho
zpsobu viz podmiovac vty
He would help me.
On by mi pomohl.
b) would v otzce - zdvoil dost (zdvoilej ne will)
Would you do it for me?
Udlal bys to pro m?
c) opakovan dj v minulosti u sloves vyjadujcch akci
He would go to the cinema twice a week.
Chodval do kina dvakrt tdn.
46
He used to play tennis. Hrval tenis. (ale u nehraje)

Sloveso would lze pro vyjden opakovanho dje v
minulosti pout jen u sloves vyjadujcch akci, nikoli stav.
Sloveso used to lze pout v obou ppadech.
He used to play squash every day. = He would play
squash every day.
zapamatuj si
+ I used to be fat. Now I am slim.
I didnt use to be fat. Now I am fat

? Did you use to be fat?
Cvien 6.8.Dokonete vty.

Pouijte used to nebo zpor.
1) Jack is fat, but 5 years ago he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) I smoke a lot, but when I was
20 I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at all.
3) Sarah rarely goes out in the evening, but before she
got married she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . every
evening.
4) They live in the country, but when they worked they
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in town.
5) I have a car, but 3 years ago I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a motorbike.
6) The children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to school
because there was no bus.
7) We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the pub every week,
but now we hardly ever see each other.
8) My parents watch TV every day, but
they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to the radio.
9) Paul works as a travel courier, so he travels a lot. But
before that he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at all.
10) I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . skirts, but now I have to.
USED TO + INF USED TO + ING

She used to drive a car.
Jezdvala autem. (U nejezd.)
She is used to driving a car. Je zvykl jezdit autem.
Cvien 6.9. Doplte do vt sprvn tvar slovesa.

1) She is used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (sleep) long
on Sundays.
2) She used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (drink) a lot of
coffee.
3) They were used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have)
parties when they lived in a house.
4) They used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (live) in a house.
5) We arent used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (eat) out.
6) I am used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (meet) a lot of
people in my job.
7) When we were young, we used to
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) swimming on Saturdays.
8) When we were children, we were used to
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (walk).
9) Jim used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have) a bike.
10) Lucy is used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (live) alone.
j) DARE odvit se
Je soust frz.
How dare you?
Jak se opovauje?
k) YOUD BETTER (YOU HAD BETTER) ml bys radji

Zpor: youd better not
Youd better stay at home.
Ml bys radji zstat doma.
Shed better not tell him about it.
Radji by mu o tom nemla kat.
poznmka
Should
obecn rada
Had better rada v konkrtn situaci
l) ID RATHER (I WOULD RATHER) radji bych

Zpor: I d rather not
Id rather go. Radji bych el.
Id rather not tell you how old I am.
Radji bych ti nekal, kolik mi je let.
Po vrazech had better a would rather nsleduje infinitiv
bez to!
tahk
Id better = I had better
ml bych radji
Id rather = I would rather radji bych
Cvien 6.10.Doplte do vt d better nebo d rather

a slovesa z rmeku.
put on
leave
stay
wait
not tell
ask
take
do
go
study
1) Its getting dark. You. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . now.

2) I dont want to eat now. I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . till Liz
arrives.
3) I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . overnight if you dont mind.
4) You. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a taxi or you will be late again.
5) I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . him about it, I know.
6) She. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her sweater. Its cold in here.
7) We. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Julia for help. James is too busy
to help us.
8) They want to go to the disco, but they. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . because they are having exams tomorrow.
9) I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . there by tram. I don like the underground.
10) They are expecting you to call them.
You. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it now.
You should be more patient. Ml bys bt trplivj.

Youd better leave now (or you will be late).
Ml bys te radji odejt.
47
Test 4
1) Mr Wealthy is rich. He . . . . . . . work.

A) mustnt
B) cannot

C) neednt
D) dont have to
2) The party last night was perfect. You . . . . . . .

A) should come
B) should have come

C) shall come
D) used to
3) When I was 10, I . . . . . . . to go out without my elder
brother.

A) couldnt
B) cant

C) mustnt
D) wasnt allowed
4) What is Jack doing? I am not sure, he . . . . . . . the car.

A) must wash
B) must be washing

C) may wash
D) may be washing
5) You . . . . . . . leave now or you will be late.

A) d better B) d rather C) shall
D) would
6) She is really fat. But 10 years ago she . . . . . . . slim, didnt

she?

A) was
B) used to be

C) didnt use to be
D) use to
7) I have never . . . . . . . sleep under the bridge.

A) had to
B) must
C) had
D) neednt
8) I didnt tell anybody. They . . . . . . . to us.

A) had to listen
B) must be listening

C) must have been listening D) had to be listening
9) When I moved to London, I wasnt . . . . . . . on the left.

A) used to drive
B) used to driving

C) drive
D) didnt use to drive
10) Nurses . . . . . . . wear uniforms.

A) have to
B) have
C) must
D) neednt
11) I hate . . . . . . . get up early in the morning.

A) have to
B) must
C) to must D) having to
12) You look exhausted. You . . . . . . . take a day off.

A) should
B) shouldnt C) neednt D) may not
48
13) Sorry, but smoking . . . . . . . in here.

A) mustnt
B) isnt allowed

C) cant
D) neednt
14) I am sure the car wasnt red. The car . . . . . . . red.

A) cant have been
B) mustnt have been

C) neednt have been
D) shouldnt have been
15) Of course, you can borrow it, but you . . . . . . . lose it.

A) neednt
B) may not

C) dont have to
D) mustnt
16) Its a nice day. . . . . . . . we go for a walk?

A) Should
B) May
C) Shall
17) Id like . . . . . . . to ski.

A) can

C) be able to
D) Will
B) to be able to
D) could
18) Why did he wait? There was no need for him to wait.
He . . . . . . .

A) didnt have to wait
B) didnt need to wait

C) neednt wait
D) neednt have waited
19) The floor isnt dirty. You . . . . . . . it.

A) mustnt clean
B) neednt clean

C) cant clean
D) shouldnt clean
20) I am angry with him. I . . . . . . . see him now.

A) d better
B) d better not

C) d rather not
D) d rather not to
7. Ptomn as
a) PROST
TVOEN
Tvar je u vech osob krom tet osoby jednotnho sla
toton s infinitivem bez to.
Ve tet osob jednotnho sla pibr koncovku s
neboes.
I want
you want
he wants
she wants
it wants
we want
you want
they want
OTZKA
Otzka se tvo pomoc do ( does pro tet osobu
jednotnho sla), kter je na zatku vty nebo za tzacm
zjmenem.
DO + PODMT + SLOVESO V INFINITIVU BEZ TO
DOES + PODMT + SLOVESO V INFINITIVU BEZ TO
Do you want it?
Does he want it?
What do you want ?
Chce to? Chcete to?

Chce to?
Co chce? Co chcete?
zajmavost
zapamatuj si
he / she / it works
Zmny v pravopisu ve tet osob jednotnho sla

a) po sykavkch es
to finish
he finishes
b) koncov y po souhlsce se mn na i a pibr se es
to study
he studies
ale
-y po samohlsce zstv
to buy
he buys
c) u sloves to do a to go -es
to do
he does
to go
he goes
tahk
watch
do
go
study
he / she / it watches
he / she / it does
he / she / it goes
he / she / it studies
Why
What
Who
When
What time
Where
How
How often
How much
How many
Pro
Co, jak
Kdo
Kdy
V kolik
Kde, kam
Jak
Jak asto
Kolik( nepoitateln)
Kolik (poitateln)
vysvtlivka
+ He goes to the cinema every week.
? Does he go to the cinema every week?
He doesnt go to the cinema every week.
KRTK ODPOVDI
V anglitin je nezdvoil odpovdat na otzku jen Yes, No.
V ptomnm ase prostm odpovdme jet pomocnm
slovesem do nebo does, v zporu dont nebo doesnt.
Do you like it?
+ Yes, I do.
No, I dont.
Lb se ti / vm to?
Ano, lb.
Ne, nelb.
49
Does he smoke?
+ Yes, he does.
No, he doesnt.
Kou?
Ano, kou.
Ne, nekou.
ZPOR
Zpor se tvo pomoc slovesa do + not ( does not ).
V zporu se asto pouvaj staen tvary dont a doesnt.
PODMT + DONT + SLOVESO V INFINITIVU BEZ TO
(DO NOT)
PODMT + DOESNT + SLOVESO V INFINITIVU BEZ TO
(DOES NOT)
I dont (do not) want it.
He doesnt (does not) want it.
J to nechci.
On to nechce.
zapamatuj si
I / you / we / they do not =
= I / you / we / they dont
he / she / it does not =
= he / she / it doesnt
POUIT
a) obvykl a opakovan dj v ptomnosti
He goes to school every day.
Kad den chod do koly.
b) obecn platn dj
Some birds eat fish.
Nkte ptci jed ryby.
c) u sloves, kter netvo prbhov as, vyjaduje dj,

kter prv probh, nebo stav
I know him very well.
Znm ho velmi dobe.
d) u jzdnho du i rozvrhu vyjaduje budoucnost
The train leaves at 7.
Vlak odjd v 7.
e) v asovch a podmnkovch vtch vyjaduje
budoucnost
I will call as soon as she arrives. Zavolm, jakmile doraz.
If she has time, she will come.
Bude-li mt as, pijde.
50
odkaz
Pouit ptomnho asu prostho
v podmnkovch a asovch
vtch viz kapitola Podmnkov
vty na stran 117 a asov vty na stran 121
Cvien 7.1.Napite slovesa ve tet osob jednotnho

sla.

HE / SHE / IT
1) go . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) watch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) carry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) fly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) try . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) kiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) pray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) wish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) buy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cvien 7.2.Utvote z nsledujcch vt otzky

a zporn vty.
1) + He goes to the theatre once a month.
? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2) + They live in the country.
? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3) + It often rains in England.
? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4) + Paul likes tea with milk.
? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5) + Jim and Bob watch TV in the evening.

? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

d) u sloves to travel a to control se v britsk anglitin

zdvojuje koncov l
to travel
travelling
to control
controlling
b) PRBHOV
TVOEN
PODMT + TO BE + PEST PTOMN
e) u
sloves lie a die se vypout koncov e a -i se mn
na -y.
to lie
lying
to die
dying
PEST PTOMN = INFINITIV + ING
tahk
asuje se pouze sloveso to be.
U slovesa to be se mohou pouvat staen tvary.
I am working.
You are working..
He is working.
She is working.
It is working.
We are working.
You are working.
They are working.
stopping
making
OTZKA
TO BE + PODMT + PEST PTOMN
tahk
I am working.
You are working.
He is working.
She is working.
It is working.
We are working.
You are working.
They are working.
stop
make
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Im working.
Youre working.
Hes working.
Shes working.
Its working.
Were working.
Youre working.
Theyre working.
Zmny v pravopisu pest ptomnho

a) odpad koncov nevysloven e
to come
coming
b) u jednoslabinch sloves se zdvojuje koncov souhlska
to sit
sitting
c) u vceslabinch sloves se zdvojuje koncov souhlska,
je-li pod pzvukem
to begin
beginning
ale
to offer
offering
Are you sleeping?

Is he listening to us?
What are they reading ?
Sp? Spte?
Poslouch ns?
Co tou?
zapamatuj si
+ He is running.
? Is he running?
KRTK ODPOVDI
Odpovdme pomocnm slovesem to be v pslun osob.
Are you writing a letter?
+ Yes, I am.
No, I m not.
Pe dopis?
Ano, pu.
Ne, nepu.
Is she walking?
+ Yes, she is.
No, she isnt.
Prochz se?
Ano, prochz.
Ne, neprochz.
51
ZPOR
Zpor tvome pidnm zporky not ke slovesu to be.
V zporu se asto pouvaj staen tvary .
PODMT + TO BE + NOT + PEST PTOMN
Im not (am not) sleeping.
Nespm.
It isnt (is not) raining.
Nepr.
They arent (are not) jogging. Nebhaj.
vysvtlivka
+ They are reading.
? Are they reading?
They arent reading.
Cvien 7.4. Dejte

slova do sprvnho poad

zapamatuj si
I am not
= I m not
he / she / it is not
= he / she / it isnt
you / we / they are not = you / we / they arent
POUIT
a) dj, kter prv probh
We are eating.
Jme. ( prv te )
b) dj, kter je doasn, nemus probhat v dan chvli

She is staying with me.
Bydl se mnou. (doasn)
c) jist budoucnost
I am leaving tomorrow.
Ztra odjdm.
d) ve spojen s always vyjaduje nelibost pro opakovan dj

v ptomnosti
And she is always talking and talking.
A ona pod mluv a mluv.
zajmavost
Sloveso have ve vznamu mt netvo
prbhov as, ale ve frzch ano.
I have a shower.
Mm sprchu.
I am having a shower. Prv se sprchuji.
52
Cvien 7.3. Utvote pest ptomn.

1) sit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) have. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) ski. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) smoke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) play. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) get. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) forget. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) leave. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) live. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) travel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) stop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) come. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) carry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) begin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a utvote vty.
1) TOM AND PAOLA / FRONT / WAITING / WHY / IN / OF

THE HOUSE / ARE?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
2) I / MEAN / DONT / WHAT / UNDERSTAND / YOU.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) DO / DOES / ON / WHAT / JANE / SATURDAYS?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
4) HOW / SNOW / DOES / IN / YOUR / OFTEN / IT / COUNTRY?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
5) YOU / STILL / IAN MC EWAN / ARE / THE BOOK /
READING / BY?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
6) HAPPENING / WHAT / IS?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
7) US / DOESNT / JAMIE / TENNIS / WITH / PLAY.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) DO / GO / THE SMITHS / TO / WHEN / THE MOUNTAINS?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
9) GO / DOES / WANT / TO / HER / SHOPPING / ROBIN /
WITH?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
10) TONIGHT / I / NOT / SARAH / PLAYING / WITH / AM /
SQUASH .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nkter slovesa netvo prbhov asy. Viz kapitola 14. Slovesa netvoc prbhov as na stran 76
Cvien 7.5. Doplte do vt slovesa v ptomnm ase prostm nebo prbhovm.

1) He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at me, which drives me mad.
2) Lets go for a walk. It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . any more.
3) Peter often . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the bus.
4) Who . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . today?
5) Jane, where are you? I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a shower.
6) I have just bought the ticket and I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tomorrow.
7) We usually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TV but today we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to the radio.
8) She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the same mistake again and again. Its horrible.
9) It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dark, we must go.
10) My father . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . French and English.
SHOUT
RAIN
MISS
MISS
HAVE
FLY
WATCH, LISTEN
MAKE
GET
SPEAK
53
8. Minul as
a) PROST
Cvien 8.1. Utvote minul as.
TVOEN
a) Pravideln slovesa
U pravidelnch sloves se tvo pponou -ed.
M pro vechny osoby stejn tvar.
INFINITIV + ED
He washed his car yesterday. Vera umyl auto.
They helped us. Pomohli nm.
Zmny v pravopisu
a) odpad koncov nevysloven -e
to promise
he promised
b) u jednoslabinch sloves se zdvojuje koncov souhlska
to stop
he stopped
c) u vceslabinch sloves se zdvojuje koncov souhlska,
je-li pod pzvukem
to prefer
he preferred
d) u sloves to travel a to control se v britsk anglitin
zdvojuje -l
to travel
he travelled
to control
he controlled
e) u
sloves koncch na-y ped souhlskou dochz ke
zmn -y na -i
to study
he studied
ale
to play
he played
1) drop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) knit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) look. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) listen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) prefer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) love. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) play. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) visit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) travel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) marry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) ask. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) be. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) stay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) Nepravideln slovesa
U nepravidelnch sloves se minul as prost tvo nepravideln viz pehled nepravidelnch sloves na stran 135
odkaz
Prostuduj si nepravideln
slovesa na stran 135
Cvien 8.2. Doplte

chybjc tvary nepravidelnch

sloves.
esky
bt
stopped
preferred
travelled
controlled
studied
be
Pest
minul
been
catch
frozen
rozumt
fell
swum
ring
ctit se
54
Minul as
beat
zapamatuj si
stop
prefer
travel
control
study
Infinitiv
esky
Infinitiv
Minul as
Pest
minul
bit
won
leet
teach
come
drive
paid
told
say
eaten
pt
rise
hit
held
stt se
throw
shot
woken
foukat
chose
Cvien 8.3. Ptejte se na podtren vrazy.

1) Kim met Peter last night.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) They saw the film at the cinema.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Jim put the pen on the desk.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Jessica shut the window because she was cold.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Charles woke up at 7 yesterday.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) We bought three melons.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) They played tennis in the morning.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) I found the glasses under the bed.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) She made a cup of coffee.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) They did it because we asked them.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lost
tahk
OTZKA
Otzka se tvo pomoc did pro vechny osoby. Did stoj na
zatku otzky nebo nsleduje za tzacm zjmenem.
+ She went to school.

? Did she go to school?
DID + PODMT + INFINITIV BEZ TO

Did you see it last week? Vidl jsi to minul tden?
When did you see it?
Kdy jsi to vidl?
zajmavost
Why
What
Who
When
What time
Where
How
How often
How much
How many
Pro
Co, jak
Kdo
Kdy
V kolik
Kde, kam
Jak
Jak asto
Kolik( nepoitateln)
Kolik (poitateln)
KRTK ODPOVDI
Odpovdme pomocnm slovesem did, v zporu didnt.
Did you understand?
Rozuml jsi?
+ Yes, I did.
Ano, rozuml.
No, I didnt.
Ne, nerozuml.
ZPOR
Zpor se tvo pomoc did not pro vechny osoby.
V zporu se asto pouv staen tvar didnt.
PODMT + DIDNT + SLOVESO V INFINITIVU BEZ TO
(DID NOT)
She didnt do it.
Ona to neudlala.
zapamatuj si
did not = didnt
55
Cvien 8.4. Utvote zporn vty.

1) They chose the red ball.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) She lent me the book.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Ruth did the homework at school.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Peter wrote me a letter.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) I felt tired.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) John slept well last night.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) We wanted to meet them at the party.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Vicky drank only beer.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) We understood why they did it.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) She got lost.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
POUIT
Minul as prost vyjaduje dj, kter se odehrl v minulosti a ji skonil, asto jsou ve vt vrazy vyjadujc minulost.
yesterday
vera
last week
minul tden
last night
vera v noci, veer
last month
minul msc
last year
loni
last Monday
minul pondl
a week ago
ped tdnem
then
tehdy
before the war ped vlkou
in 1980
v roce 1980
fromto
oddo
when
kdy
I worked a lot last week. Minul tden jsem hodn pracoval.
They went there a year ago. Jeli tam ped rokem.
I was writing.
You were writing.
He was writing.
She was writing.
It was writing.
We were writing.
You were writing.
They were writing.
Pest ptomn a pravopisn zmny viz ptomn as

prbhov na stran 51
OTZKA
WAS / WERE + PODMT + PEST PTOMN
Was she standing ?
Were you sitting ?
What were they doing ?
Stla?
Sedl jsi?
Co dlali?
zapamatuj si
+ She was sleeping.
? Was she sleeping?
KRTK ODPOVDI
Odpovdme slovesem was, were, v zporu wasnt / werent.
Were you waiting for a long time? ekali jste dlouho?
+ Yes, we were.
Ano, ekali.
No, we werent.
Ne, neekali.
Was he sleeping?
+ Yes, he was.
No, he wasnt.
Spal?
Ano, spal.
Ne, nespal.
ZPOR
Zpor tvome pidnm zporky not ke slovesu was, were.
V zporu se asto pouvaj staen tvary wasnt / werent.
PODMT + wasnt / werent + PEST PTOM.
b) PRBHOV
I wasnt (was not) sitting.

Nesedl jsem.
We werent (were not) drinking. Nepili jsme.
TVOEN
PODMT + WAS / WERE + PEST PTOMN
56
zapamatuj si
was not = wasnt
were not = werent
POUIT
a) dj, kter probhal v uritm okamiku v minulosti
We were watching TV news at 7 yesterday.
Vera v 7 jsme se dvali na zprvy.
b) dje, kter probhaly souasn a trvaly uritou dobu
I was eating while he was reading.
J jsem jedl, zatmco on si etl.
c) d
j, kter trval po uritou dobu v minulosti a byl
peruen i naruen djem jinm
I was having a bath when the phone rang.
Koupal jsem se, kdy ( tu ) zazvonil telefon.
Cvien 8.5. Dejte

slova do sprvnho poad

a utvote vty.
1) I / MY HUSBAND / WASHING UP / WAS / WAS /

A NEWSPAPER / WHILE / READING.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) AT / WHAT/ DOING/ YOU / WERE / 7?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) WAS / ARRIVED / IT / WHEN / RAINING / HE?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) A DRESS / DOROTHY / WASNT / YESTERDAY / WEARING.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) YOU / WE / WHEN / WERE / DINNER / HAVING / PHONED.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cvien 8.6. Dejte

slovesa v zvorce do minulho asu

prostho nebo prbhovho.
1) The sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (SHINE) when we

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ARRIVE) in Paris.
2) I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (WAIT) for my son when it
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (START) to rain.
3) When he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (MEET) her she
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (WEAR) a red skirt.
4) It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (HAPPEN) while we
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (DRIVE) through the village.
5) Jack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BREAK) his leg when he
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (SKI).
6) What . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (DO)

when I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (SEE) you in the park?
7) The boys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (PLAY) football when the
ball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (HIT) the door.
8) We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (LISTEN) to Mozart when he
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (FALL) asleep.
9) This time yesterday I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (HAVE) dinner
with my friend.
10) How fast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(DRIVE) when the police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (STOP) you?
Test 5
1) I was lost. I . . . . . . . what to say.

A) dont knew
B) dont know

C) didnt knew
D) didnt know
2) What . . . . . . . when she . . . . . . . you at the party?

A) did you do, met
B) were you doing, met

C) did you do, was meeting D) w
ere you doing,
was meeting
3) How often . . . . . . . to the mountains?

A) do you go
B) are you going

C) you went
D) did you went
4) Does she often drink alcohol? Yes, she . . . . . . .

A) do
B) did
C) drinks
D) does
5) Why . . . . . . . me? It drives me mad!

A) is he always interrupting

B) does he always interrupt

C) does he always interrupts

D) does he always interrupting
6) Tomorrow we . . . . . . . dinner with the Parkers.

A) have
B) are having

C) had
D) were having
7) Mr Clumsy . . . . . . . off a ladder while he . . . . . . . the
ceiling.

A) felt, was painting

B) was falling, was painting

C) fell, was painting
D) felt, painted
57
8) . . . . . . . you see there? Pamela.

A) What did B) Who did C) Why did D) When did
9) Lucy, where are you? I . . . . . . . a bath.

A) have
B) had
C) am having

D) was having
10) Jane always . . . . . . . trousers. Why . . . . . . . a dress today?

A) is wearing, wears
B) wears, she is wearing

C) is wearing, does she wear D) wears, is she wearing
11) Lionel . . . . . . . his wife while he . . . . . . . in London.

A) was meeting, was working

B) met, was working
C) was meeting, worked

D) met, worked
12) The train to Oxford . . . . . . . at 7:30.

A) leaves
B) is leaving C) does leave

D) dont leave
13) Who . . . . . . .? Only Peter Black.

A) does miss B) is missing C) missed
D) miss
14) They . . . . . . . late. They . . . . . . . the bus again.

A) was, missed
B) were, missed

C) were, were missing
D) were, miss
15) Suzy often . . . . . . . TV, but now she . . . . . . . French.

A) watches, studies
B) is watching, is studying

C) watches, is studying
D) is watching, studies
16) The Earth . . . . . . . the Sun.

A) is revolving

C) revolves
B) was revolving
D) revolved
17) This time yesterday we . . . . . . . on the beach.

A) lay
B) were liing C) were lying D) laid
18) I have a new girlfriend. She . . . . . . . with me.

A) is staying
B) stays

C) was staying
D) stayed
19) I am sure it . . . . . . . a year ago.

A) didnt happen
B) doesnt happen

C) wasnt happening
D) happens
58
20) What . . . . . . . Daniel . . . . . . .? He is a taxi driver.

A) do, do
B) does, do C) is, doing D) do, does
9. P
edptomn as Perfektum
a) PROST
TVOEN
HAVE / HAS + PEST MINUL
I have lost my key. Ztratil jsem kl.
Pest minul se tvo pponou -ed k infinitivu
pravidelnch sloves.
U nepravidelnch se tvo nepravideln viz pehled
nepravidelnch sloves na stran 135
vysvtlivka
She has read it.
Peetla to. (= M to peten.)
odkaz
9) think. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) eat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) speak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) sell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) feel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) do. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16) go. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17) buy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18) know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19) get. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20) keep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21) stop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22) give. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23) rise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24) fight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25) hide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26) wake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27) hurt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28) steal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29) write. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30) choose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vysvtlivka
I / you / we / they have been there.
He / she / it
has been there.
vysvtlivka
I have
you have
he has
she has
=
=
=
=
Ive
youve
hes
shes
it has
we have
you have
they have
=
=
=
=
its
weve
youve
theyve
Cvien 9.1. Utvote pest minul.
1) see. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) wait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) have. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) lose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) bring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) break. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) hit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) sing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OTZKA
HAVE / HAS + PODMT + PEST MINUL
Have you done it? Udlal jsi to?
Has he started ? Zaal?
tahk
+ She has met him before.
? Has she met him before?
59
KRTK ODPOVDI
Odpovdme pomocnm slovesem have / has, v zporu
havent / hasnt.
Have you heard it?
+ Yes, I have.
No, I havent.
Slyel jsi to?

Ano, slyel.
Ne, neslyel.
Has she ever done it?

+ Yes, she has.
No, she hasnt.
U to nkdy udlala?
Ano, udlala.
Ne, neudlala.
ZPOR
Zpor se tvo pidnm zporky not k pomocnmu slovesu
have / has. V zporu se asto pouvaj staen tvary
havent / hasnt.
PODMT + HAVENT (HAVE NOT) + PEST MINUL
HASNT (HAS NOT)
She hasnt ( has not ) said it.
Neekla to.
They havent (have not) heard it. Neslyeli to.
vysvtlivka
pikantnost
I have got a new bike.
Dostal jsem nov kolo. = Mm nov kolo.
Have got (mt) je vlastn pedptomn
as slovesa get (dostat).
b) dj, kter zaal v minulosti a dosud trv (obvykle u sloves, kter netvo prbhov as). Ve vt je vyjdeno,
jak dlouho trv pomoc vraz for (po dobu)
a since (od).
We have known him for 9 years. Znme ho 9 let.
We have known him since 1998. Znme ho od roku 1998.
! Pokud nen ve vt uvedeno, jak dlouho dj trv, musme

pout ptomn as.
We know him. Znme ho.
zapamatuj si
I know John. Znm Honzu.
I have known John for ages.
Znm Honzu u dlouho.
have not = havent

has not = hasnt
zajmavost
POUIT
a) dj, kter se odehrl v minulosti v ble neuren dob
a m nsledek do ptomnosti
Jane has broken her leg.
Jana si zlomila nohu. (M ji zlomenou.)
! Pokud je urena doba v minulosti, nelze pedptomn
as pout. Musme pout minul as.

Jane broke her leg yesterday. Jana si vera zlomila nohu.
zapamatuj si
I have lost my key.
Ztratil jsem kl.
I lost my key yesterday. Vera jsem ztratil kl.
60
She is there for a week. Je tam na tden.

She has been there for a week. Je tam (u) tden.
She was there for a week. Byla tam tden.
c) v otzce, ptme-li se, jak dlouho dj probh (u sloves,

kter netvo prbhov as)
How long have they known each other? Jak dlouho se
znaj?
How long has she been there? Jak dlouho je tam?
! Ptme-li se, zda se nco odehrv, nikoli, jak dlouho,

musme pout ptomn as.
Do you know her? Zn ji?
zapamatuj si
Do you have a cat? M koku?
How long have you had the cat?
Jak dlouho m tu koku?
d) m
luvme-li o zkuenosti i zitku, kter povaujeme za
dleit. Fakt, e se dj odehrl, je dleitj ne doba,
kdy se odehrl.
She has been married three times. Byla tikrt vdan.
e) v otzce, ptme-li se, zda se nco dosud nebo u stalo
i nestalo
Have you ever been to Canada? U jsi byl nkdy v Kanad?
Has he already left?
U odeel?
Has it stopped snowing yet?
U pestalo snit?
! U slovesa be se v pedptomnm ase pouv pedloka

to, nikoli in.
Was she in New York last year? Byla loni v New Yorku?
Has she ever been to New York? Byla u nkdy v New Yorku?
zajmavost
Ptme-li se,kdy se nco stalo,
musme pout minul as prost.
How long have you had this watch?
Jak dlouho m tyhle hodinky?
When did you get it? Kdy jsi je dostal?
f ) v zporn vt, kter k, e se nco nikdy nebo dosud

neodehrlo
I have never heard such a stupid thing.
Takovou hloupost jsem jet nikdy neslyel.
They havent seen the film yet Jet ten film nevidli.
zapamatuj si
I have never been to London.
Nikdy jsem nebyl v Londn.
I wasnt in London last year.
Loni jsem nebyl v Londn.
vysvtlivka
V anglitin plat pravidlo
jednoho zporu.
I have never heard it.
Jet jsem to nikdy neslyel.
I havent heard it yet.
Jet jsem to neslyel.
g) dj sice skonil, ale doba, kdy probhal, stle trv

I have written 2 letters today. Dnes jsem napsal 2 dopisy.
VRAZY POJC SE S PEDPTOMNM ASEM
for
po dobu
always
vdy
this year
letos
never
nikdy
lately
posledn dobou
ever
(n)kdy v otzce
recently
nedvno
already u
how long jak dlouho
yet
jet, u
since when od kdy
not yet jet ne
just
prv
since
od (t doby)
PROBLMY
a) je-li ve vt pesn udan doba v minulosti, musme
pout minul as
I have seen it.
Vidl jsem to.
I saw it yesterday.
Vidl jsem to vera.
b) nen-li udno, jak dlouho dj trv, musme pout
ptomn as prost
She has known Charles for 2 years. Zn Karla 2 roky.
She knows Charles.
Zn Karla.
c) je-li nsledek dje dleitj ne dj sm, pouvme
pedptomn as. Je-li dleitj dj ne jeho nsledek,
pouvme minul as.
I have washed the car. Now it is clean.
Umyl jsem auto. Je te ist.
I washed the car and cut the grass.
Umyl jsem auto a posekal trvu.
61
Cvien 9.2. Utvote vty v pedptomnm ase

prostm.
1) The windows are clean. James . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

them
CLEAN
2) The fence is red. Mrs Cunningham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
it.
PAINT
3) The children are in bed. They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
to bed.
GO
4) The sun is shining. It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . raining.

STOP
5) Look! Somebody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the vase.

BREAK
6) Its Peters birthday tomorrow. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
him a present.
BUY
7) Where is my wallet? Oh, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it.

LOSE
8) Brigit doesnt have her passport.
She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it at home.
LEAVE
9) Mr White feels lonely. Her wife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
him.
LEAVE
10) I know it. They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . me.
TELL
14) I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (SPEND) three months in the

mountains this year.
15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BE) Kim married? Yes,
she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BE) married for a year.
b) PRBHOV
TVOEN
HAVE / HAS + BEEN + PEST PTOMN
I have been waiting here for 2 hours.
ekm tady 2 hodiny.
He has been talking for 5 minutes. Mluv 5 minut.
vysvtlivka
I / you / we / they have been running.
He / she / it
has been running.
Cvien 9.3. Dejte slovesa do sprvnho asu.

1) They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (KNOW) each other for
ages.
2) They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (HAVE) a new car.
3) I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NOT SEE) him recently.
4) They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (MEET) five years ago and
they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BE) together since.
5) How long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (HAVE) this dog?
6) What . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (HAPPEN)?
He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BREAK) his arm last week.
7) Shakespeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (WRITE) 37 theatre
plays in all.
8) Jeremy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NOT ARRIVE) yet.
9) When . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(HAPPEN)? Last year.
10) Jim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NEVER SMOKE) a cigar.
11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(EVER EAT) sushi?
12) She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BE) sick since
she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (RETURN) from Greece.
13) They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NEVER BE) to / in the USA
but last year they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BE) to / in
Canada.
62
OTZKA
HAVE / HAS + PODMT + BEEN + PEST PT.
Have you been waiting long?
Has she been sleeping long?
ek dlouho?
Sp dlouho?
zajmavost
long = for a long time
KRTK ODPOVDI
Odpovdme pomocnm slovesem have / has, v zporu
havent / hasnt.
Have you been waiting for a long time?
+ Yes, we have.
No, we havent.
ekte dlouho?
Ano, ekme.
Ne, neekme.
Has she been sleeping long? Sp dlouho?

+ Yes, she has. Ano, sp.
No, she hasnt. Ne, nesp.
ZPOR
Zpor tvome pidnm zporky not k pomocnmu
slovesu have / has. V zporu se asto pouvaj staen
tvary havent / hasnt.
PODMT + HAVENT + BEEN + PEST PTOMN
(HAVE NOT) /
/ HASNT
( HAS NOT)
She hasnt (has not) been learning English for a long time.
Neu se anglicky dlouho.
They havent (have not) been sitting here for an hour.
Nesed tady hodinu.
vysvtlivka
have not = havent
has not = hasnt
tahk
+ He has been learning English for 5 years.
? How long has he been learning English?
He hasnt been learning English for 5 years.
POUIT
a) dj, kter zaal v minulosti a stle trv. Doba, jak dlouho
dj probh, je urena vrazy since a for.
He has been standing here for 20 minutes.
Stoj tady 20 minut.
! Nen-li ve vt uvedeno, jak dlouho dj trv, musme

pout ptomn as prbhov.
She is sleeping.
Sp.
She has been sleeping for an hour. Sp hodinu.
! U sloves, kter netvo prbhov as, musme pout

pedptomn as prost.
I have had the same car for 5 years.
Mm stejn auto (u) 5 let.
b) dj, kter sice v minulosti skonil, ale m nsledek

do ptomnosti
They have been working hard and now they are really tired.
Pracovali a te jsou opravdu unaveni.
c) dj skonil, ale doba, ve kter probhal, trv
I have been reading all morning.
etl jsem cel rno.

(Je stle rno.)
d) v otzce how long
How long have you been driving? Jak dlouho d?
! U sloves, kter netvo prbhov as, musme pout

pedptomn as prost.
How long have they known it?
Jak dlouho to vd?

1) It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . since we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RAIN / WAKE UP
2) The man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . here for two hours.

STAND
3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
here for a long time?
WAIT
4) She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . since
she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the news.
CRY / HEAR
5) You look exhausted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
RUN
6) My brother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the same job since
he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . from university.

DO / GRADUATE
7) Kate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . French all her life. TEACH
8) How long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tom
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with Judith?
GO OUT
9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the children still
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
SLEEP
10) You are filthy. Of course, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . our
car!
REPAIR
63
PEDPTOMN AS PROST
VERSUS PEDPTOMN AS PRBHOV
Pedptomn as prost pouvme pro vyjden
ukonenho dje. Odpovd dokonavmu vidu v etin.
Pedtomn as prbhov vyjaduje dj neukonen.
Odpovd nedokonavmu vidu v etin.
Who has eaten my porridge?
Kdo mi sndl kai?
Who has been eating my porridge? Kdo jedl z m kae?
vysvtlivka
I have been running. Bhal jsem.
I have run 2 miles. Ubhl jsem 2 mle.
64
Cvien 9.5. Vyberte sprvn as.

1) The bottle is empty! Who HAS DRUNK / HAS BEEN
DRINKING the wine?
2) They HAVE JUST BEEN MOVING / HAVE JUST MOVED
house. The new house is lovely, isnt it?
3) I am tired. I AM WORKING / HAVE BEEN WORKING hard
all day.
4) Where is Jim? He WENT / HAS GONE shopping.
5) How long HAVE YOU BEEN LEARNING / HAVE YOU
LEARNT English?
6) Has she BEEN LEARNING / LEARNT all the new vocabulary yet?
7) You can borrow the newspaper. I HAVE ALREADY
READ / HAVE ALREADY BEEN READING it.
8) Why are you red? I HAVE SUNBATHED / HAVE BEEN
SUNBATHING.
9) You look happy. Yes, I HAVE JUST BOUGHT / HAVE JUST
BEEN BUYING new clothes.
10) Bob HAS BEEN DRAWING / HAS DRAWN five pictures.
10. Pedminul as Plusquamperfektum

a) PROST
KRTK ODPOVDI
Odpovdme pomocnm slovesem had, v zporu hadnt.
TVOEN
HAD + PEST MINUL
I had lost the key so I couldnt get in.
Ztratil jsem kl a nemohl jsem se dostat dom.
pravidelnch sloves.
U nepravidelnch se tvo nepravideln viz pehled
nepravidelnch sloves na stran 135
Had the children gone to bed when you arrived?

Byly u dti v posteli, kdy jsi piel?
+ Yes, they had.
Ano, byly.
No, they hadnt. Ne, nebyly.
ZPOR
had. V zporu se asto pouv staen tvar hadnt.
PODMT + HADNT (HAD NOT) + PEST MINUL
I flew to Paris last week. I hadnt (had not) flown before.
Minul tden jsem letl do Pae. Ped tm jsem nikdy neletl.
odkaz
vysvtlivka
had not = hadnt
vysvtlivka
I had
=
you had =
he had =
she had =
we had =
you had =
they had =
Id
youd
hed
shed
wed
youd
theyd
OTZKA
HAD + PODMT + PEST MINUL
Had Jane left before you arrived?
Odela Jana, ne jsi piel?
tahk
+ She had gone.
? Had she gone?
poznmka
V anglitin plat pravidlo
jednoho zporu.
I hadnt flown before. =
= I had never flown before.
POUIT
a) vyjaduje dj, kter byl ukonen ped uritm okamikem v minulosti
By Monday all the tourists had left the hotel.
Do pondl (u) vichni turist opustili hotel.
b) vyjaduje dj, kter se odehrl v minulosti ped jinm
djem
I had left before she arrived. Odeel jsem, ne pila.
65
c) vyjaduje dj, kter zaal ped jinm djem i okamikem v minulosti a trval i v t chvli (u sloves, kter netvo
prbhov as)
When they got married they had known each other for
5 years. Znali se u 5 let, kdy se brali.
zajmavost
John has broken his leg. He cant walk.
NOW
John had broken his leg. He couldnt walk.
LAST MONTH
VRAZY POJC SE S PEDMINULM ASEM

before
(dve) ne, ped tm
after
pot co
already
u
just
prv
for
po dobu
since
od (t doby)
till / until
dokud ne
when
kdy
by
do
by the time v tu dobu
never
nikdy
b) PRBHOV
TVOEN
HAD + BEEN + PEST PTOMN
I had been waiting for 2 hours before they arrived.
ekal jsem 2 hodiny, ne pili.
zajmavost
They were dancing when I arrived
at the party.
They had been dancing for an hour
when I arrived at the party.
Cvien 10.1. Napite

vty v pedminulm ase.

Pouijte slovesa z rmeku.
be invited
go
not see
leave
be
start
break into
not fly
have
wash
1) James didnt want to drink.

He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . already . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
seven beers before.
2) They invited us to the party, but we couldnt come.

We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to another party.
3) Yesterday Jill arrived home and everything was upside
down.
Somebody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her house.
4) Fiona arrived at the meeting late.
The meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . already
.......................
66
5) I flew to the USA last month. It was my first flight.

I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . before.
6) Lucy and Lucas got divorced last week.

They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . together only for two years.
7) Yesterday I arrived home at 10. The children were
asleep.
The children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to bed before
I arrived.
8) We couldnt take photos.

We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . our camera at home.
9) It started to rain.
I was angry, because I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . just
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the car.
10) I met an interesting boy last night. I didnt know him.

I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . him before.
OTZKA
HAD + PODMT + BEEN + PEST PTOMN
Had you been waiting long before they arrived?
ekal jsi dlouho, ne pili?
zajmavost
long = for a long time
KRTK ODPOVDI
Odpovdme pomocnm slovesem had, v zporu hadnt.
Had you been waiting for a long time before they arrived?
ekali jste dlouho, ne pili?
+ Yes, we had. Ano, ekali.
No, we hadnt. Ne, neekali.
ZPOR
Zpor tvome pidnm zporky not k pomocnmu slovesu had. V zporu se asto pouvaj staen tvary hadnt .
PODMT + HADNT + BEEN + PEST PTOMN
(HAD NOT)
She hadnt been learning French for a long time before she
went to Paris.
Neuila se francouzsky dlouho, ne jela do Pae.
tahk
+ He had been learning English for 5 years
before he moved to LA.
? How long had he been learning
English before he moved to LA?
He hadnt been learning English
for a long time before he moved to LA.
POUIT
a) dj probhal po uritou dobu ped jinm djem
v minulosti. Doba, jak dlouho dj probhal, je urena
vrazy since a for.
They had been learning Spanish for a year before they went
to Madrid. Ne jeli do Madridu, uili se rok panlsky.
b) d
j probhal po uritou dobu ped jinm djem
v minulosti a ml nsledek
I was tired. I had been jogging.
Byl jsem unaven. Bhal jsem.

1) Mrs Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for the company for
30 years before she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WORK / RETIRE
2) It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for two weeks when we . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in Rome.
RAIN / ARRIVE
3) The boys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . football for an hour
when it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to rain. PLAY / START
4) I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tired yesterday.
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the garden all day.

BE / WORK
5) Now wonder James . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . an accident
last night. He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for six hours.

HAVE / DRIVE
6) By the time we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . there, they . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for us for 30 minutes.
GET / WAIT
7) I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . French for a while before
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . they all were English.

SPEAK / REALISE
8) I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to the lecture for an hour
when I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
already . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it.

LISTEN / REALISE / HEAR
9) Hannah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for 3 hours when her
husband . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . from the pub.

SLEEP / COME
10) She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
before, but yesterday she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 cigarettes.
SMOKE / SMOKE
vysvtlivka
Jack was dirty. He had been repairing the car.
Jack byl pinav. Opravoval auto.
We could go by car. Jack had repaired it.
Mohli jsme jet autem. Jack ho spravil.
67
11. Budoucnost
a) BUDOUC AS PROST
+ Yes, I will. Ano, pjm.
No, I wont. Ne, nepjm.
TVOEN
WILL + INFINITIV BEZ TO
I will do it. Udlm to.
! Tvar shall je pouze pro prvn osobu jednotnho
amnonho sla. Jeho pouit je vak na stupu.

Votzce vdy shall znamen slabou povinnost.
Dal pouit shall viz kapitola Modln slovesa.
vysvtlivka
I will
you will
he will
she will
it will
we will
you will
they will
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Ill
youll
hell
shell
itll
well
youll
theyll
OTZKA
WILL + PODMT + INFINITIV BEZ TO
Will you help me? Pome mi? Pomete mi?
tahk
+ She will come.
Pijde.
Will she come? Pijde?
KRTK ODPOVDI
Odpovdme pomocnm slovesem will, v zporu wont.
Will you lend me money? Pj mi penze?
68
ZPOR
zapamatuj si
will not = wont

will. V zporu se asto pouv staen tvar wont.
PODMT + WONT + SLOVESO V INFINITIVU BEZ TO
(WILL NOT)
I wont (will not) win. Nevyhraju.
POUIT
a) nhl rozhodnut
I will open the window. Its hot in here.
Otevu okno. Je tu horko.
b) prost informace o budoucnosti, nzor
His parents will be there as well.
Jeho rodie tam budou tak.
I dont think he will come. Myslm, e nepijde.
c) pedpov
There will be some thunderstorms tomorrow.
Ztra budou bouky.
d) nabdka, hrozba, slib
I will help him. Pomohu mu.
e) ptomn pedpoklad
This will be his car. Toto bude jeho auto.
f ) v otzce je formou zdvoil dosti
Will you help me, please? Pome mi, prosm?
b) BUDOUC AS PRBHOV
I am going to buy a new car. Koupm si nov auto.

He is going to wear a suit. Vezme si na sebe oblek.
TVOEN
WILL + BE + PEST PTOMN
I will be waiting. Budu ekat.
OTZKA
WILL + PODMT + BE + PEST PTOMN
Will you be waiting ?
vysvtlivka
I am going to
=
you are going to =
he is going to
=
she is going to =
it is going to
=
we are going to =
you are going to =
they are going to =
Im going to
youre going to
hes going to
shes going to
its going to
were going to
youre going to
theyre going to
Bude ekat?
ZPOR
Zpor se tvo pidnm zporky not k pomocnmu slovesu will. V zporu se asto pouv staen tvar wont.
PODMT + WONT + BE + PEST PTOMN
(WILL NOT)
I wont (will not) be waiting. Nebudu ekat.
POUIT
Dj bude probhat v uritou dobu nebo po uritou dobu.
This time tomorrow they will be leaving.
Ztra touto dobou budou odjdt.
OTZKA
BE + PODMT + GOING + TO + INFINITIV
Are you going to fly there? Polet tam?
What is he going to do? Co bude dlat?
tahk
+ He is going to move to the country.
? Is he going to move to the country?
vysvtlivka
YESTERDAY AT 5 We were playing tennis.
NOW AT 5 We are having dinner.
TOMORROW AT 5
We will be lying on the beach.
KRTK ODPOVDI
Odpovdme pomocnm slovesem am / is / are, v zporu
m not / isnt / arent.
Is she going to buy it?
+ Yes, she is.
No, she isnt.
c)JIN ZPSOBY VYJADOVN

BUDOUCNOSTI
1) BE GOING TO
TVOEN
Koup si to?
Ano, koup.
Ne, nekoup.
ZPOR
Zpor se tvo pidnm zporky not ke slovesu be
v pslunm tvaru. V zporu se asto pouvaj staen
tvary m not / isnt / arent.
PODMT + BE NOT + GOING + TO + INFINITIV
BE + GOING + TO + INFINITIV
69
They arent (are not) going to dance. Nebudou tancovat.

Im not (am not) going to study.
Nebudu studovat.
vysvtlivka
I am not going to
=
you are not going to =
he is not going to
=
she is not going to =
it is not going to
=
we are not going to =
you are not going to =
they are not going to =
Im not going to
you arent going to
he isnt going to
she isnt going to
it isnt going to
we arent going to
you arent going to
they arent going to
POUIT
a) pln
I am going to study maths.
Mm v myslu studovat matematiku.
They are going to get married next year.
Maj v myslu se vzt pt rok.

b) pedpoklad zaloen na objektivnch okolnostech
Look at the sky. Its going to be another sunny day.
Koukni se na nebe. Bude zase hezk den.
zajmavost
It will be sunny today.
Dnes bude sluneno. pedpov poas
Its going to be sunny today.
Dnes bude sluneno. nebe je bez mrak
2) PTOMN AS PRBHOV
jist budoucnost
They are leaving tomorrow. They have already bought the
tickets. Ztra odjdj. U si koupili jzdenku.
odkaz
Prostudujte si kapitolu Ptomn
as prbhov na stran 51
70
3) PTOMN AS PROST
jzdn dy, rozvrhy, programy
The bus leaves at 5.
English finishes at 11: 30.
The movie starts at 7.
Autobus odjd v 5.
Anglitina kon v pl dvanct.
Kino zan v 7.
odkaz
Prostudujte si kapitolu Ptomn
as prost na stran 49
4)BE ABOUT TO + INFINITIV

BE ON THE POINT OF + GERUNDIUM
bezprostedn budoucnost
I am about to leave.
U odchzm.
I am on the point of leaving. Jsem na odchodu.
Cvien 11.1. Doplte

do vt slovesa z rmeku

ve sprvnm ase.
sit
listen
ski
have, come
fly
not tell
make
take
do
pass
cry
leave
play
read
post
1) This time next week we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the

Alps.
2) Why are you buying flour? I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dumplings.
3) I cant go to the cinema tonight. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
cards with my neighbours.
4) I think I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a taxi. Its late.
5) What . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
on Sunday? Nothing special.
6) Do you think she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the exam?
7) Look at that little boy. He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) What time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . our bus
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? At 4:30.
9) Dont forget to post the letter, please. I promise,
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it as soon as possible.
10) Next Thursday they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
to Moscow.
11) Have you read the newspaper? Not yet,
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it after breakfast.
12) Keep it secret! Of course, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

anybody, I swear.
13) We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a party next Saturday.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
14) Why is he turning the radio on?
He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to the news.
15) This time tomorrow she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . on the
plane to Stockholm.
Cvien 11.2. Vyberte sprvnou monost.

1) I dont have any money on me. I WILL / AM GOING TO
lend you some.
2) Will you PASS / BE PASSING the newsagent when you
are out?
3) Look at that mess in your room! When WILL YOU / ARE
YOU GOING TO tidy up?
4) I dont think they WILL HELP / ARE HELPING you.
5) Look at those clouds. It WILL / IS GOING TO rain.
6) History WILL START / STARTS at 8:30.
7) Where are you going? I AM GOING TO / WILL buy some
fruit.
8) If you do it again, I WILL / AM GOING TO tell your mum.
9) Oh dear, its almost midnight. I WILL / AM GOING TO be
late.
10) I am sure, you WILL / ARE GOING TO like it.
71
12. Pedbudouc as
a) PROST
TVOEN
vysvtlivka
will not = wont
WILL + HAVE + PEST MINUL

She will have done it before we arrive.
Bude to mt udlan, ne tam pijdeme.
pravidelnch sloves.
U nepravidelnch se tvo nepravideln viz
pehled nepravidelnch sloves na stran 135
odkaz
Prostuduj si nepravideln slovesa na stran 135
OTZKA
WILL + PODMT + HAVE + PEST MINUL
POUIT
dj, kter skon v budoucnosti ped uritou dobou
nebo ped jinm djem
I will have finished it by the time you come.
Budu to mt hotov, ne pijde.
VRAZY POJC SE S PEDBUDOUCM ASEM
before
ne
by the time
a, ne
until
dokud ne
Po tchto vrazech je v anglitin ptomn as,
nikoli budouc. Viz kapitola asov vty na stran 121.
odkaz
Prostuduj si kapitolu
asov vty na stran 121
Will she have done it before we arrive?

Bude to mt udlan, ne pijdeme?
tahk
+ She will have done it.
? Will she have done it?
ZPOR
Tvo se pidnm zporky not k pomocnmu slovesu will.
V zporu se asto pouv staen tvar wont.
PODMT + WONT + HAVE + PEST MINUL
(WILL NOT)
She wont (will not) have done it before we arrive.
72
zajmavost
Jane has known Peter for 9 years.
Jana se zn s Petrem 9 let.
Next year Jane will have known Peter for 10 years.
Pt rok bude Jana znt Petra 10 let.
Jane had known Peter for 5 years
before she married him.
Jana znala Petra 5 let, ne si ho vzala.
b) PRBHOV
TVOEN
WILL + HAVE + BEEN + PEST PTOMN
8) Next year we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English for

10 years.
LEARN
9) My parents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the same town
for 15 years.
LIVE
10) By the time you get there everybody
.......................
LEAVE
This time tomorrow we will have been sitting on the

plane for 3 hours.
Ztra touto dobou u budeme sedt 3 hodiny v letadle.
OTZKA
ZPOR
will. V zporu se asto pouv staen tvar wont.
POUIT
vyjaduje budouc dj, kter trv a do uritho okamiku
vbudoucnosti. asto je uvedeno, jak dlouho dj trv.
When you come home she will have been waiting there for
an hour. A pijde dom, bude tam u hodinu ekat.
PEDBUDOUC AS A BUDOUC AS PRBHOV
At 7 tomorrow she will be watching a soap opera.
Ztra v 7 se bude dvat na seril.
At 8 tomorrow the soap opera will have finished.
Ztra v 8 u bude po serilu.
Cvien 12.1. Doplte do vt slovesa v pedbudoucm

ase prostm nebo prbhovm.
1) By 7 he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . maths for ten hours.

LEARN
2) By the end of July they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
the project.
FINISH
3) Before she arrives, he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
the tickets.
BUY
4) By the end of this year I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for this
company for 15 years.
WORK
5) In April they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . together for
20 years.
BE
6) By the time he arrives home his wife
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lunch for him
PREPARE
7) I hope I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . enough money to buy
a new bike before the summer.
SAVE
Test 6
1) What . . . . . . . on Sunday? I . . . . . . . tennis with Tom.

A) do you do, play

B) are you doing, am playing

C) will you do, will play
D) are you doing, will play
2) Next year they . . . . . . . here for 20 years.

A) live
B) will be living

C) will live
D) will have been living
3) We . . . . . . . beach volleyball when it . . . . . . . raining.

A) played, started
B) were playing, started

C) were playing, was starting

D) played, was starting
4) John . . . . . . . single since Mary . . . . . . . him last year.

A) is, left
B) has been, has left

C) has been, left
D) is, has left
5) When we . . . . . . . to the concert, it . . . . . . . .

A) got, had already started B) got, has already started

C) had got, started
D) has got, started
6) When . . . . . . .?

A) it happened

C) did it happen
B) did it happened
D) does it happened
7) What . . . . . . . happened? Nothing, everything is OK.

A) is
B) has
C) does
D) had
8) The bag is heavy. . . . . . . . I carry it for you?

A) Will
B) Do
C) Am
D) Shall
9) Look at the picture! It . . . . . . . down.

A) will fall
B) is going to fall

C) does fall
D) will be falling
73
10) The man . . . . . . . at the corner for an hour before he

. . . . . . . the way.

A) has been standing, asked B) was standing, asked

C) stood, asked

D) had been standing, asked
11) . . . . . . . James? Yes, we . . . . . . . each other for five years.

A) Do you know, have known

B) Have you known, have known

C) Do you know, know
D) Have you known, know
12) When and where . . . . . . . your wife?

A) were you meeting
B) did you met

C) did you meet
D) you did meet
13) Oh no, I . . . . . . . my phone at home.

A) have leave B) have left C) left
D) had left
14) Julia . . . . . . . her credit card last Monday and since then
she . . . . . . . problems with money.

A) has lost, has has
B) lost, had

C) lost, has has
D) lost, has had
15) We . . . . . . . Wales but two years ago we . . . . . . . Scotland.

A) have never been to, were in

B) had never been to, were in

C) have never been to, have been to

D) had never been to, have been to
16) Graham . . . . . . . his car happily when the police . . . . . . .
for speeding.

A) drove, stopped
B) drove, was stopping

C) was driving, was stopping

D) was driving, stopped
17) We . . . . . . . the holiday and next Wednesday we . . . . . . .
for Corfu.

A) had just booked, will leave

B) have just booked, will leave

C) have just booked, we are going to leave

D) have just booked, are leaving
18) How long . . . . . . . the piano? I . . . . . . . last year.

A) do you play, started
B) are you playing, started

C) have you been playing, started

D) have you played, have started
74
19) The box is empty! Children, who . . . . . . . all the

chocolates?

A) ate
B) has been eating

C) has eaten
D) is eating
20) What would you like to drink? I . . . . . . . a cup of tea.

A) m going to have
B) ll have

C) m having
D) have
13. Tzac dovtek

She is an actress, isnt she? Je hereka, e?
odpovd eskmu e ano, e ne?
pouvme pomocn nebo modln sloveso
je-li tvrzen kladn, je obvykle tzac dovtek zporn
anaopak
Tvrzen
I am pretty,
I am not stupid,
It is theirs,
It isnt yours,
This is your bag,
She works a lot,
We dont know it,
She was sick,
He wasnt with her,
Tom sold it,
Jane didnt ask,
They have understood,
Kate will be there,
They must keep it,
They neednt worry,
You cant speak French,
He should come,
She shouldnt have done it,
There are three trees in our garden,
There isnt a direct train to Nettlestead,
You would do it,
Do it,
Dont forget,
Lets go,
Dovtek
arent I?
am I?
isnt it?
is it?
isnt it?
doesnt she?
do we?
wasnt she?
was he?
didnt he?
did she?
havent they?
wont she?
mustnt they?
need they?
can you?
shouldnt he?
should she?
arent there?
is there?
wouldnt you?
will you?
will you?
shall we?
zajmavost
Lets go, shall we?
Dont stop, will you?
Cvien 13.1. Doplte do vt tzac dovtky.

1) There is no room left, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
2) This wasnt your decision,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
3) Dont talk nonsense,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
4) I am such a smart boy, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
5) They didnt hear that,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
6) You have got a brother, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
7) Stop it, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
8) Lets meet in front of the cinema,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
9) You never know what to say,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
10) Paul has never liked this music,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
11) I saw him last night,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
12) Val has left her husband,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
13) He neednt be there,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
14) They will never forgive me,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
15) You wouldnt cheat,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
16) They arent allowed to smoke at home, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
17) You know why, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
18) She shouldnt have gone there,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
19) Lucas has a new motorbike,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
20) We all understand it,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
zapamatuj si
Tzac dovtek m opan
znamnko ne tvrzen.
+

He is handsome, isnt he?

+

She doesnt work, does she?
75
14. Slovesa netvoc prbhov as

a) slovesa vyjadujc postoj, nzor i pn
to think
myslet (mt nzor)
to know
vdt, znt
to understand rozumt, chpat
to mean
mnit, znamenat
to seem
zdt se
to appear
jevit se
to wish
pt si
to want
chtt
to hope
doufat
to prefer
dvat pednost
to believe
vit
to need
potebovat
to doubt
pochybovat
to consider
povaovat
to realise
uvdomit si
Nkter slovesa v jinm vznamu tvo prbhov as.
to think
pemlet, myslet ( na )
to consider
uvaovat ( o )
I think you are right.
Myslm, e m pravdu.
I am thinking.
Pemlm.
b) slovesa vyjadujc citov vztah
to like
mt rd, lbit se
to love
milovat
to hate
nenvidt
to mind
vadit
to dislike
nemt rd
c) slovesa smyslovho vnmn
to see
vidt
to hear
slyet
to taste
chutnat
to feel
ctit (hlad)
to smell
smrdt, vont
zajmavost
Po slovesech taste, smell, feel
nsleduje pdavn jmno.
It tastes good.
Chutn to dobe.
The rose smells nice. Ta re von.
76
pikantnost
to smell vydvat vni
nebo zpach
to smell bad smrdt
to smell nice vont
U sloves smyslovho vnmn asto pouvme modln

sloveso can, could.
I can see that. To vidm.
Nkter slovesa v jinm vznamu tvo prbhov as.
to see
navtvit, doprovodit
to smell
ichat
to taste
ochutnvat
The soup tastes horrible. Ta polvka chutn stran.
She is tasting the soup. Ochutnv polvku.
He can see that. Vid to.
He is seeing his mother in the afternoon.
Odpoledne jde k matce.
pikantnost
I see.
Aha. Chpu.
I can see him. Vidm ho.
I am seeing him tonight.
Dneska veer ho navtvm.
d) slovesa vlastnictv
to have
mt
to belong
patit
to contain
obsahovat
Sloveso have netvo prbhov as, pokud je pouito
ve vznamu vlastnit.
Ve frzch tvo prbhov as.
I have a bath in the bathroom. Mm v koupeln vanu.
I am having a bath.
Koupu se.
zajmavost
Sloveso have ve frzch tvo prbhov as.
to have a bath
koupat se
to have a shower sprchovat se
to have a chat
popovdat si
to have a row
pohdat se
to have a rest
odpoinout si
to have a swim
zaplavat si
to have a smoke zakouit si
to have breakfast sndat
to have lunch
obdvat
to have dinner
veeet
At 6 yesterday we were having dinner.
Vera v 6 jsme veeeli.
e) ostatn slovesa netvoc prbhov as

to forget
zapomenout
to remember
pamatovat si, vzpomenout si
to consist
skldat se
to concern
tkat se
to matter
zleet
to suppose
pedpokldat
1) Be quiet! I AM THINKING / THINK.

2) The dinner IS SMELLING / SMELLS good.
3) I AM FEELING / FEEL hungry.
4) Where is Ben? He IS HAVING / HAS a bath.
5) I AM NEEDING / NEED a change. I AM THINKING / THINK
of changing my job.
6) The bread IS TASTING / TASTES of garlic.
7) My dad IS SEEING / SEES the dentist next week.
8) Why IS SHE SMELLING / DOES SHE SMELL those
flowers? They are plastic.
9) I AM NOT THINKING / DONT THINK he IS THINKING /
THINKS about his girlfriend at the moment.
10) It IS SMELLING / SMELLS good and IS TASTING / TASTES
even better.
77
15. Gerundium
Gerundium m stejn tvar jako pest ptomn.
INFINITIV + ING
sitting
having
odkaz
poznmka
Prostuduj si zmny v pravopisu

pest ptomnho viz
kapitola 7. Ptomn as na stran 49
inn
Trpn
Ptomn
asking
being asked
Minul
having asked
having been asked
SLOVESA S GERUNDILN VAZBOU

to admit
to deny
to consider
to enjoy
to adore
to fancy
to like
to love
to mind
to hate
to suggest
to avoid
to excuse
to forgive
to go on
to keep (on)
to stand
to imagine
to give up
to put off
to postpone
to risk
to regret
78
They enjoy dancing.

Rdi tancuj.
I suggest leaving.
Navrhuji odejt.
I cant stand being told what to do.
Nesnm, kdy mi nkdo k, co mm dlat.
He doesnt mind speaking in public.
Nevad mu mluvit na veejnosti.
piznat, pipustit
popt
uvaovat o
mt poten z
obdivovat
mt rd
mt rd
milovat
vadit
nenvidt
navrhovat
vyhnout se
omluvit
odpustit
pokraovat
pokraovat
snst
pedstavit si
nechat neho
asov odloit
asov odloit
riskovat
litovat
Sloveso love m krom vznamu

milovat i vznam mt nco hodn rd.
V anglitin nen tak expresivn jako v etin.
She loves dancing. Moc rda tancuje.
zapamatuj si
Po slovese suggest nesm narozdl
od etiny nsledovat infinitiv.
He suggested doing it again.
Navrhl to udlat znovu.
zajmavost
I like reading.
Id like to read.
Rd tu.
Rd bych si etl.
Cvien 15.1. Doplte do vt slovesa z rmeku.

swim
have to
go
sit
get
steal
fly
meet
be
smoke
eat
stand
take
1) I enjoy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . new people. That is what

I like about my job.
2) I always try to avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to the UK.
I prefer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . there by ferry.
3) Why are you still single? Have you ever considered
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . married?
4) Why are you always walking with the headphones on?
You risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . run over by something.
5) I hate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . get up early.

6) Somebody was ringing. They kept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
their lunch and didnt answer the door.
7) Lets have a smoke. Dont you know I have just given up
.......................?
8) Our trains are so dirty. I prefer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) The robber admitted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the
money but he denied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the credit
card.
10) The water was cold. We didnt fancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
in it.
SLOVESA S GERUNDILN VAZBOU PO PEDLOCE
to accuse of
obvinit z
to be afraid of
bt se
to be fond of
mt rd
to be capable of
bt schopen
to look forward to
tit se na
to prevent from
zabrnit v
to stop (from)
zabrnit v
to be proud of
bt pyn na
to be used to
bt zvykl na
to succeed in
uspt v
to congratulate on
gratulovat k
to insist on
trvat na
to apologise for
omluvit se za
to suspect of
podezrat z
to rely on
spolehnout se na
to forgive for
prominout
I hope she will succeed in solving the problem
Doufm, e se j poda vyeit ten problm.
They suspect him of being involved in it.
Podezraj ho, e je v tom zapleten.
Would the salary prevent you from taking the job?
Byl by plat dvodem k odmtnut t prce?
vysvtlivka
Tam, kde lze pout podstatn
jmno, lze pout i gerundium.
I love apples. Mm moc rd jablka.
I love swimming. Moc rd plavu.
I look forward to the party. Tm se na verek.
I look forward to meeting him.
Tm se, a se s nm uvidm.
zapamatuj si
Pozor na astou chybu.
I look forward to see you.
I look forward to seeing you.
Tm se, e se uvidme.
To nen v tomto ppad infinitivn
stice, ale pedloka.
pikantnost
I look forward to hearing
from you soon.
Tm se na Vai odpov.
Frze pouvajc se na konci dopisu.
Cvien 15.2. Doplte do vt pedloky a slovesa

ve sprvnm tvaru.
1) I apologise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . late.
2) All his classmates congratulated him
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the exam.
3) Would a rise in pay prevent you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
this job?
4) Jane was afraid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . robbed, so she
took a taxi.
5) They accused the man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one
million.
6) She didnt spend any money last night because he
insisted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for the lunch.
7) The police stopped all the vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
into the street.
8) Forgive me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., but how much did
you pay for this beautiful skirt?
9) I was there, believe me. Why are you suspecting me
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . there?
10) I look forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you soon.
SLOVESA S GERUNDILN I INFINITIVN VAZBOU
BEZE ZMNY VZNAMU
to begin
zat
to like
mt rd
to start
zat
to love
milovat
to hate
nenvidt
It started to rain. = It started raining. Zaalo pret.
79
Nkter slovesa maj jin vznam, nsleduje-li po nich

gerundium, a jin vznam, nsleduje-li po nich infinitiv.
We regret to inform you that the train will be delayed.

S ltost vs musme informovat, e vlak bude mt zpodn.
TRY
try + gerundium
zkusit
try + infinitiv
snait se
He tried counting sheep, but it didnt help.
Zkusil potat oveky, ale nepomohlo to.
He tried to push it, but it was too heavy.
Snail se to posunout, ale bylo to pli tk.
NEED
The grass needs cutting. = The grass needs to be cut.
Ta trva potebuje posekat.
STOP
stop + gerundium
pestat
stop + infinitiv
zastavit se
She stopped smoking three years ago.
Ped 3 lety pestala kouit.
She stopped to have a smoke.
Zastavila se, aby si zakouila.
FORGET
forget + gerundium
zapomenout, e
forget + infinitiv
zapomenout nco udlat
I almost forgot having met him last night.
Skoro jsem zapomnl, e jsem ho vera veer potkal.
I forgot to lock the door.
Zapomnl jsem zamknout dvee.
REMEMBER
remember + gerundium
pamatovat si, e
remember + infinitiv
vzpomenout si nco udlat
I remember posting the letter.
Pamatuju si, e jsem ten dopis poslal.
I must remember to post the letter.
Musm si vzpomenout poslat ten dopis.
HELP
cant help + gerundium
help + infinitiv
He couldnt help laughing.
He helped me (to) tidy up.
nemoci si pomoci
pomoci nco udlat
Nemohl se udret smchy.
Pomohl mi uklidit.
REGRET
regret + gerundium
regret + infinitiv
I regret saying that.
litovat, e se nco stalo

litovat, e se nco stane
Lituji, e jsem to ekl
80
Cvien 15.3. Dejte slovesa do sprvnho tvaru.

1) You look scruffy. Your coat needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CLEAN
2) John was so funny. We couldnt help
.......................
LAUGH
3) I regret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her so many bad things.

TELL
4) Jim, dont forget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . me.
CALL
5) My granny stopped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . last year.

WORK
6) They will never forget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the
Alps for the first time.
SKI
7) Will you help us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . this wardrobe?
Its heavy.
MOVE
8) We regret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the cancellation of
flight MO 102 to Moscow.
ANNOUNCE
9) I remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the door.
LOCK
10) I have never tried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WINDSURF
GERUNDILN FRZE
The film is worth reading.
Ten film stoj za zhldnut.
Its no use doing it. Nem cenu to dlat.
Theres no point in having your own car.
Nem smysl mt vlastn auto.
We had difficulty finding the pub.
Mli jsme problm tu hospodu najt.
Its a waste of time waiting here.
ekat tady je ztrta asu.
Buying it would be a waste of money.
Koupit to by byly vyhozen penze.
They were too busy preparing their holiday.
Mli moc prce s ppravou dovolen.
Lets go fishing. Pojme na ryby.
I feel like having a snack. Nco bych zakousl.
Cvien 15.4. Spojte zatky a konce vt.
1) Its no use
2) Theres no point
3) Do you feel
4) The film is worth
5) Watching the film was
6) Buying a new car
every year is
7) I hope you will have
no difficulty
8) I dont feel
9) Lets go
10) Sorry we didnt help
you. We were busy
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
a waste of money.
doing other things.
crying over spilt milk.
like having dinner out?
a waste of time.
like going there with you.
G) finding our house.

H) in getting up early if you
dont have to.
I) seeing.
J) swimming.
PEKLDN GERUNDIA DO ETINY

a) infinitivem
It stopped raining. Pestalo pret.
b) podstatnm jmnem slovesnm
The book is worth reading. Ta kniha stoj za peten.
c) vedlej vtou
I remember having read the book before.
Pamatuji si, e jsem tu knihu etl u dve.
d) pechodnkem
ptomnm pro dva souasn dje, v anglitin vyjdeny
ptomnm gerundiem
Sitting on the chair, he fell asleep. Usnul, sed na idli.
minulm pro dva nesouasn dje, v anglitin vyjdeny
minulm gerundiem
Having got the information, he left.
Dostav ty informace, odeel.
Cvien 15.5. Pelote

nsledujc vty pomoc gerundiln vazby.

1) Pot co ekl ve, co chtl, odeel bez rozlouen.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Pestalo pret a zaalo snit.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Zapomnla, e mi pjila penze.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Pamatuji si, e jsem to okno zavel. Nem smysl se vracet.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) (Ne)vadilo by ti ztlumit to rdio?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) Podezvaj ho, e bere drogy.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Tm se, e se brzy uvidme.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Omluvte m, e jsem se opozdil.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) Nesnm, kdy mi nkdo k, co mm dlat.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) N byt potebuje vymalovat.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
16. Infinitiv
inn
Ptomn
Minul
Prost
to ask
to have asked
Prbhov
to be asking
to have been asking
I would like to ask you for it. Rd bych vs o to podal.

He seems to be coming. Zd se, e prv pichz.
They seem to have misunderstood it.
Zd se, e to patn pochopili.
She appears to have been waiting there for a long time.
Zd se, e tam ekala dlouho.
The man is alleged to have stolen a lot of money.
Ten mu dajn ukradl spoustu penz.
TRPN
Ptomn
Minul
Prost
to be asked
to have been asked
I hope to be employed soon.

Doufm, e budu brzy zamstnan.
b) po slovesech smyslovho vnmn v innm rod

hear, see, watch, observe, feel
I saw him come.
Vidl jsem ho pijt.
ale
He was seen to come.
Byl spaten, jak piel.
zajmavost
I saw him come. Vidl jsem ho pijt.
I saw him coming. Vidl jsem ho pichzet.
c) po slovesech let a make, make pouze v innm rod

She let him leave
Dovolila mu odejt.
They made me do it.
Donutili m to udlat.
ale
I was made to do it.
Byl jsem donucen to udlat.
zapamatuj si
vysvtlivka
Ptomn infinitiv vyjaduje dje,
kter probhaj souasn.
Minul infinitiv vyjaduje nesouasn dje.
He is said to be busy.
k se(te), e m hodn prce(te).
He is said to have been busy.
k se(te), e ml hodn prce(dve).
INFINITIV BEZ TO
a) po modlnch a pomocnch slovesech
He can sing. Um zpvat.
He must have done it. Urit to udlal.
poznmka
Jedin modln sloveso, po nm
nsleduje infinitiv s to, je ought.
You should go there. = You ought to go there.
82
They made me leave.

inn rod-infinitiv bez to
I was made to leave.
trpn rod-infinitiv s to
d) po vazbch I d better, I d rather

I d better leave.
Ml bych radji odejt.
I d rather leave.
Radji bych odeel.
vysvtlivka
hed better = he had better
ml by radji - doporuen
hed rather = he would rather
radji by - pn
e) po slovesech need, help, dare me nsledovat infinitiv

s i bez to
We helped him do it. = We helped him to do it.
Cvien 16.1.Doplte do vt, pokud je teba let, make,

d better, d rather, a slovesa ve sprvnm tvaru.
1) The weather is terrible. It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . me . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . depressed.
FEEL
2) My parents werent strict with me. They
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
whatever I wanted.
DO
3) The book was really moving. It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CRY
4) Why do you always . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . other
people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your job?
DO
5) He was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . his suitcase at the
customs.
OPEN
6) I advise you to stay here overnight. Believe me, you . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . now.
NOT LEAVE
7) When did you arrive home last night.?
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NOT HEAR, COME
8) He never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to other men.
TALK
9) I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you
where I found it.
NOT TELL
10) Suzy was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
French even though she is a beginner.
SPEAK
VAZBA 1. PDU S INFINITIVEM
a) po slovesech v innm rod
to seem
zdt se
to appear
zdt se, jevit se
to prove
ukzat se
to happen
nhodou
She seems to be busy.
Zd se, e je zaneprzdnn.
She seems to have been busy.
Zd se, e byla zaneprzdnn (ped tm).
She seemed to be busy.
Zdlo se, e je zaneprzdnn.
She seemed to have been busy.
Zdlo se, e byla zaneprzdnn (ped tm).
They happened to know it. Nhodou to vdli.
Do you happen to know where it is?
Nev nhodou, kde to je?
vysvtlivka
She seems to be sick.
Zd se, e je j patn. (dnes, dnes)
She seems to have been sick.
Zd se, e j bylo patn. (dnes, vera)
She seemed to be sick.
Zdlo se, e je j patn. (vera, vera)
She seemed to have been sick.
Zdlo se, e j bylo patn. (vera, pedevrem)
Cvien 16.2. Pepite vty tak, aby mly stejn vznam.

1) It seems that she is leaving.

She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) It seems that the company had a pre tax profit of
10 million pounds.

The company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) It seems that Ben lost his wallet on the bus.

Ben . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) It seemed that they hadnt heard it before.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) It seems that Suzy has a lot of friends.

Suzy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) po slovesech v trpnm rod
to say
kat
to suppose
pedpokldat
to expect
oekvat
to think
myslet
to believe
vit
to announce
oznmit
to know
znt
to allege
tvrdit
It is said (that) he is sick. = He is said to be sick.
k se, e je nemocen.
It is said (that) he was sick. = He is said to have been sick.
k se, e byl nemocen.
It was said (that) he was sick. = He was said to be sick.
kalo se, e je nemocen.
83
It was said (that) he had been sick.. = He was said to have

been sick. kalo se, e byl nemocen.
pikantnost
(I am) pleased to meet you.
Jsem rd, e vs poznvm.
zapamatuj si
It is said that she is 98 years old. =
= She is said to be 99 years old.
k se, e je j 99 let.
vysvtlivka
1) It is known that he is a good singer.

He is. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) It is expected they will do it tomorrow.
They are. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) People believe she didnt do it.
She is. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) It was announced that there had been four people
killed in the storm.
Four people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) It is supposed that his latest book is very good.. . . . . . . .
His latest book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c) dal infinitivn vazby

to be likely
pravdpodobn
to be unlikely
pravdpodobn ne
to be sure
urit
to be easy
snadno
to be difficult
obtn
to be impossible
nemon
to be happy
bt astn, rd
to be lucky
mt tst
to be glad
bt rd
to be pleased
bt poten
to be safe
bt bezpen
Your handwriting is difficult to read.
Je tk st tvj rukopis.
It is almost impossible to read. Je skoro nemon to pest.
She is unlikely to go there. Pravdpodobn tam nepjde.
He is difficult to talk to. Je tk s nm mluvit.
84
He is happy to be there. Je rd, e tam je.

He is lucky to be there. M tst, e tam je.
1) It is easy to be with her.

She is easy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) They will probably come tomorrow.
They are. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) It was believed that he had done it.
He was. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) It is difficult to live with them.
They are. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) People say that James is staying with Ruth.
James is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) It is known that they had problems with money last
year.
They are. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) People think it happened many years ago.
It is. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) I dont think she will come.
She is. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) It seems that he is leaving.
He. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) You can drink the water.

The water is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) It seemed that they had had a perfect holiday.

They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) I am sure Jane will pass the exam.

Jane is. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) It is impossible to talk to him now.

He is. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) It seems the company lost a lot of money last year.

The company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) It is reported that three people have been killed in the
accident.

Three people are. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VAZBA PEDMTOVHO PDU S INFINITIVEM
a) po slovesech
to want
chtt
to tell
ci
to ask
podat
to invite
pozvat
to order
poruit
to expect
oekvat
to would like chtt
to believe
vit
to consider
povaovat
to suppose
pedpokldat
I asked him to excuse me.
Podal jsme ho, aby m omluvil.
I would like them to go there. Chtl bych, aby tam li.
Tell him not to do it again. ekni mu, aby to u nedlal.
Cvien 16.5.Pelote nsledujc vty do anglitiny.

Pouijte vazbu pedmtovho pdu
s infinitivem.
1) Chci, abyste tomu rozumli.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Podali ji, aby je omluvila.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Pro mi kte, abych to nedlal?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Oekvte, e se vrt do soboty?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Poruili nm, abychom neopoutli pokoj.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) Nechci, aby to vdli.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Neoekvali jsme, e to bude tak daleko.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Chtli byste, abychom tu s vmi zstali?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) Pozvali ns, abychom se k nim pidali.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) Opravdu chtli, abys to udlal?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vazba pedmtovho pdu s infinitivem se me tak pojit

s trpnm rodem:
Do you expect the book to be sent by mail?
Oekvte, e tu knihu polou potou?
85
17. Trpn rod

PODMT + BE + PEST MINUL
zajmavost
I am asked.
It has been said.
Shakespeare was born in 1564.

Shakespeare se narodil v roce 1564.
vysvtlivka
Pest minul se tvo u pravidelnch
sloves pponou -ed.
U nepravidelnch sloves jej
najdeme ve tetm sloupeku.
c) pedptomn as
inn rod
They have asked me.
Trpn rod
I have been asked.
Byl jsem (do)tzn.
d) pedminul as
inn rod
odkaz
They had asked me.
Prostudujte si nepravideln
Trpn rod
I had been asked.
Byl jsem (do)tzn.
e) budouc as
inn rod
They will ask me.
a) ptomn as
inn rod
Trpn rod
They ask me.
I am asked
Jsem tzn. (opakovan)
They are asking me.
I am being asked
Jsem tzn. (prv te)
b) minul as
inn rod
f) pedbudouc as
inn rod
Trpn rod
I will have been asked.
Budu (do)tzn.
They will have asked me.
g) ptomn kondicionl
Trpn rod
They asked me.
I was asked
Byl jsem tzn.
They were asking me.
I was being asked

Byl jsem (prv) tzn.
inn rod
They would ask me.
The house is decorated every year.

Dm se maluje kad rok.
The house is being decorated.
Dm se prv maluje.
Trpn rod
I would be asked.
Byl bych tzn.
h) minul kondicionl
inn rod
Trpn rod
They would have asked me.
I would have been asked.

Byl bych bval tzn.
zapamatuj si
86
Trpn rod
I will be asked.
Budu tzn.
i) trpn rod po modlnch slovesech

inn rod
You must do it by
tomorrow.
Trpn rod
It must be done by tomorrow.
Mus se to udlat do ztra.
pikantnost
English is spoken here.
Zde se mluv anglicky.
Dogs must be kept on a leash.
Psi mus bt na vodtku.
Sold. Prodno.
Trpn rod se tvo i od sloves, kter maj pedlokov

pedmt.
inn rod
Trpn rod
A car ran over a dog.

Auto pejelo psa.
A dog was run over (by a car).

Pes byl pejet autem.
Cvien 17.2. Utvote vty v trpnm rod.
1) You can see it everywhere.

It. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) We decorated our house last month.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) They will never discuss this matter.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) We took these photos in Greece.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) They wont have finished this work by Monday.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) Have they left the house unlocked?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) They are discussing a very important problem at the
moment.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) We speak English here.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) We will never forget him.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) They have shot the Prime Minister.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1) Mrs Black looks after our house when we are abroad.

Our house. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) They havent spoken about that accident yet.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) They sent for Mr Smith.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) They will deal with this matter soon.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) I dont like people shouting at me.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vazba TO HAVE SOMETHING DONE
a) dt si nco udlat, nechat si nco udlat
I have had my hair cut. Nechal jsem si osthat vlasy.
ale
I have cut my hair. Osthal jsem si vlasy.
b) pihodit se nco nemilho
They had their luggage stolen. Ukradli jim zavazadla.
Cvien 17.3. Utvote

vty s pouitm vazby

to have something done.
1) I never clean my flat myself.

I always . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) They stole Joyce the wallet yesterday.
Joyce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) They have just repaired the heating.
We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
4) They are servicing my car at the moment.

I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) She always cuts her hair herself.
She never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TRPN ROD U SLOVES SE DVMA PEDMTY
Nkter slovesa maj dva pedmty.
Trpn rod se me tvoit dvma zpsoby.
inn rod
Jim gave Claire the book
Trpn rod
The book was given to Claire
Claire was given the book.
Stejnm zpsobem se tvo trpn rod u nsledujcch sloves:

to pay
platit
to offer
nabdnout
to ask
ptt se, dat
to show
ukzat
to teach
uit
to tell
ci
to send
poslat
1) They sent him an important letter.

He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) They have shown her how to do it.
She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) They will tell you about it soon.
You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) They asked me to wait.
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) They pay the employees weekly.
The employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) They offered Sam the job.
Sam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) They teach the children to count.
The children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
8) They havent told us yet.

We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) Lucy asked the police for help.

The police. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) How much will they pay you?

How much will you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Test 7
1) I suggest . . . . . . . it right now.

A) to do
B) do
C) did
D) doing
2) You came late last night, didnt you? I didnt hear

you . . . . . . .

A) to come B) come
C) comming D) came
3) Pat was made . . . . . . . there with them.

A) to go
B) go
C) going
D) went
4) He is said . . . . . . . it last week.

A) to do
B) do

C) to have done
D) have done
5) Why are you staying with your son? We . . . . . . . our
flat . . . . . . . .

A) have, rebuild
B) have, rebuilt

C) are having, rebuild
D) are having, rebuilt
6) The police told us it . . . . . . . the day before.

A) has been stolen
B) was stolen

C) is stolen
D) had been stolen
7) They seem . . . . . . . in a while.

A) to leave
B) to have left

C) to be leaving
D) leave
8) Our teacher never . . . . . . . questions.

A) lets us ask
B) let us to ask

C) lets us to ask
D) let us asking
9) Lionel . . . . . . . the job yesterday.

A) was offered
B) is offered

C) is offering
D) has been offered
10) Last year was successful. Our firm seems . . . . . . . a profit.

A) to be making
B) to make

C) made
D) to have made
11) Did you have difficulty . . . . . . . our house?

A) finding
B) with finding

C) find
D) to find
12) My husband never repairs our car. He always . . . . . . . .

A) has repaired it
B) has it repaired

C) has it repair
D) is having it repair
13) The burglar admitted . . . . . . . the same house before.

A) to have broken into
B) to break into

C) having broken into
D) breaking into
14) He stopped . . . . . . . five years ago. That is why he cant
stand other people . . . . . . .

A) smoking, smoking
B) to smoke, to smoke

C) smoking, to smoke
D) to smoke, smoking
15) Believe me, I . . . . . . . about it.

A) told
B) telling

C) wasnt told
D) having told
16) Who . . . . . . . America discovered . . . . . . .?

A) is, by
B) was, by

C) has been, by
D) was discovered, with
17) It . . . . . . . at the meeting next Wednesday.

A) will be announced
B) will be announcing

C) will announce
D) will be announce
18) You risk . . . . . . . a car. Use the zebra crossing!

A) knocking over by
B) being knock over

C) having been knocked
D) being knocked over
19) Where is Sarah? She . . . . . . . her hair . . . . . . .

A) has, do
B) has, done

C) is having, do
D) is having, done
20) Stop . . . . . . . me . . . . . . . it again and again.

A) making, say
B) to make, say

C) making, to say
D) to make, to say
89
18. Rozkazovac zpsob

2. OSOBA JEDNOTNHO I MNONHO SLA
= infinitiv bez to
Say it.
ekni to. eknte to.
Help her.
Pomoz j. Pomozte j.
Pro zdraznn meme pout pomocn sloveso do.
Do give me a ring.
Zavolej mi.
Zpor
Dont go there.
Dont shout.
Necho tam. Nechote tam.

Neki. Nekite.
Nech(te) m bt.
Vtej(te).
Zmlkni! Zmlknte!
Vypadni! Vypadnte!
1. OSOBA MNONHO SLA

LETS + INFINTIV BEZ TO
Lets go.
Lets take it.
Pojme.
Vezmme si to.
Zpor
Lets not stay here.
Nezstvejme tady.
vysvtlivka
Let us leave. = Lets leave.
OSTATN OSOBY
LET + PODSTATN JMNO + INFINITIV BEZ TO
NEBO ZJMENO
Let Jim do it.
Let me say a few words.
90
A to udl Jim.
Dovolte mi ci pr slov.
A si to nebere.
pikantnost
Let it be. Nech to bt.
Cvien 18.1.Utvote zporn vty v rozkazovacm

zpsobu. Pouijte slovesa z rmeku.
take
shout
pikantnost
Leave me alone!
Welcome.
Shut up!
Get out!
Zpor
Dont let him take it.
close
open
leave
speak
touch
stand up
worry
say
1) Keep the window open.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Lets wait.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Shh, whisper.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) You neednt worry.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Its cold outside. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the window.
6) Sit down.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) He mustnt say things like that.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) The children shouldnt talk to strangers.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) The paint is still wet.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it.
10) He shouldnt take advantage of you like that.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19. DO, MAKE

Cvien 19.1.Doplte do vt do nebo make
DO
homework
an exam
exercises
the ironing
the washing
the washing up
the shopping
somebody a favour
housework
ones best
well
That will do.
Well done.
udlat domc kol

dlat zkouku
cviit
ehlit
prt
mt ndob
nakupovat
udlat nkomu laskavost
dlat domc prce
snait se
dait se dobe
To sta.
Vborn.
MAKE
a choice
a decision
a will
a noise
a mistake
a bed
a phone call
up ones mind
a mess
sure
money
a speech
a profit
a loss
love
progress
trouble
up a story
a fuss
friends
an offer
a suggestion
a difference
fun
sense
vybrat si
rozhodnout se
napsat zv
dlat hluk
udlat chybu
ustlat postel
zavolat si
rozhodnout se
udlat nepodek
ujistit se
vydlat penze
pronst e
mt zisk
utrpt ztrtu
milovat se
dlat pokroky
dlat pote
vymyslet si pbh
dlat povyk
sptelit se
uinit nabdku
navrhnout
mt vliv
dlat si legraci
dvat smysl
ve sprvnm tvaru.
1) My grandfather died without . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a will.
2) You arent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . any progress at all.
3) Mr White has . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a lot of money.
4) Careful, youve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a mistake.
5) Could you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . me a favour?
6) It doesnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . any difference.
7) She is friendly, so its easy for her . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
friends.
8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . love, not war.
9) Stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fun of me.
10) Excuse me, I have to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a phone
call.
11) I promise, Ill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . my best.
12) We must . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a decision by Tuesday.
13) Why are you always . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . trouble?
14) The President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a short speech
yesterday.
15) That will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I have had enough.
16) Have you already . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your
homework?
17) Go and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sure the window is
closed, please.
18) The children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . such a mess in
their room.
19) If you want to keep fit, you should . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
exercises regularly.
20) Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., Peter. It was really good.
21) Shall I help you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the washing
up?
22) She hasnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . up her mind yet.
23) My mum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a real fuss of my
children.
24) I dont understand it. It simply doesnt
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . any sense to me.
25) Dont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a noise. Im working.
91
20. Pslovce
TVOEN
weekly
monthly
fast
likely
straight
long
a) Pslovce tvoen pponou -LY

PDAVN JMNO + LY
strict
psn
strictly
psn
vysvtlivka
Pravopis
-y po souhlsce se mn na i
easy
easily
snadn
snadno
See you soon.

I get up early.
-le vypout se-e a l splv

horrible
horribly
hrozn
hrozn
Cvien 20.1. Utvote pslovce.
-ll pibr se jen-y

full
fully
pln
pln
-ue vypout se -u
true
truly
pravdiv
pravdiv
publicly
veejn
whole
pln
wholly
pln
zapamatuj si
careful
carefully
b) Pslovce m stejn tvar jako pdavn jmno

early
daily
92
asn, asn
denn, denn
Uvidme se brzy (za chvli).

Vstvm brzy (asn).
1) happy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) cheerful. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) quiet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) incredible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) financial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) logical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) lazy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) straight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) whole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) true. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) public. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) usual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) fast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) simple. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) heavy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-ic ppona ally

tragic
tragically
tragick
tragicky
Vjimky
public
veejn
tdenn, tdn
msn, msn
rychl, rychle
pravdpodobn, pravdpodobn
pm, pmo
dlouh, dlouho
c) Ppona ly dv pslovci jin vznam

deep
hard
high
near
late
hlubok, hluboko
tvrd, tvrd
vysok, vysoko
blzk, blzko
pozdn, pozd
deeply
hardly
highly
nearly
lately
hluboce
sotva
vysoce
tm
nedvno

1) I could HARD / HARDLY read it. It was NEAR / NEARLY
illegible.
2) Jim can jump HIGH / HIGHLY.
3) Have you met her LATE / LATELY?

4) We were DEEP / DEEPLY affected by her unexpected
death.
5) Phil will have to work HARD / HARDLY to pass the exam.
6) Mrs Jones is a HIGH / HIGHLY respected lawyer.
7) Its NEAR / NEARLY the same.
8) He lives NEAR / NEARLY the bus station.
9) They HARD / HARDLY know each other.
10) His English is GOOD / WELL. Yes, he speaks English
GOOD / WELL.
d) Pslovce tvoen pponami wards, -wise, -ways
afterwards
backwards
westward(s)
forward
clockwise
counter-clockwise
otherwise
sideway
potom
pozptku
smrem na zpad
dopedu
po smru hodinovch ruiek
proti smru hod. ruiek
jinak
stranou
e) Opisn zpsob
friendly ptelsk
difficult obtn
quite quiet
Its quite good. Je to celkem dobr.
Be quiet!
Bu(te) zticha!
zajmavost
He is so clever.
He is such a clever boy.
ENOUGH
PDAVN JMNO + ENOUGH
He is old enough to drive a car.
Je dost star na to, aby dil auto.
ENOUGH + PODSTATN JMNO
We dont have enough money. Nemme dost penz.
in a friendly way ptelsky

with difficulty
obtn
f) Ostatn pslovce
here
zde
there
tam
inside
uvnit
outside
venku, vn
already
u
always
vdy
often
asto
sometimes nkdy
seldom
zdkakdy
rarely
mlokdy
never
nikdy
still
stle, jet
soon
brzy
occasionally pleitostn
eventually nakonec
finally nakonec,
konen
pikantnost
actually
vlastn
almost
tm
perhaps
snad
enough
dost
even
dokonce
just
prv, jen
rather ponkud
(negativn)
fairly ponkud
(pozitivn)
pretty
dosti
quite
celkem
absolutely
naprosto
completely pln
so
tak
by all means zajist
by no means vbec ne
Cvien 20.3.Doplte do vt enough + vrazy

v zvorce.
1) We dont have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for everybody.
Well have to use cups instead.
(GLASSES)
2) You are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to understand how
serious it is.
(OLD)
3) We arent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to buy a new car
every year.
(RICH)
4) I dont think you are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to get the
job.
(EXPERIENCED)
5) Julia is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to win the race. (FAST)
6) We dont have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to make a cake.

(EGGS)
7) The house is not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for three
families.
(BIG)
8) There should be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
for all the students.
(DICTIONARIES)
9) He is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to lift it.
(STRONG)
10) There isnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for all of us . (ROOM)
93
Cvien 20.4. Vystupujte nsledujc pslovce.
STUPOVN PSLOVC
a) pponami -er, -est
jednoslabin a early
fast
faster
rychle
rychleji
fastest
nejrychleji
b) opisem more, most

pslovce zakonen na -ly
easily
more easily
snadno
snadnji
most easily
nejsnadnji
vceslabin
often
more often
asto
astji
most often
nejastji
c) nepravideln stupovn
viz stupovn pdavnch jmen
odkaz
Prostudujte si nepravideln
stupovn pslovc v kapitole 2.
Pdavn jmna na stran 17
94
1) fast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) slowly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) far. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) early . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) quickly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) late. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) often. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) badly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) successfully. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) little. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21. Pedloky
a) JEDNODUCH
about
above
across
after
against
ago
along
among
around
at

before
behind
below
beside
besides
between
beyond
but
by

despite
down
during
except
for

from
in

inside
into
like
near
of

off
on
opposite
o, okolo, asi
nad
nap, pes
po
proti
ped (as)
podl
mezi (vce ne dvma)
okolo
u, v, na (mstn)
v, na (as)
ped (as, vjimen mstn)
za (mstn)
pod
vedle (mstn)
krom, mimo
mezi (dvma)
za, mimo
krom, mimo
7. pd
u (mstn)
za, pi, do (as)
navzdory
dol
bhem
krom
pro
po dobu
na (as)
od, z
v (mstn)
za (as)
uvnit
dovnit
jako
blzko
2. pd
z, o
s (povrchu)
na, o
naproti
vn, mimo
nad, pes, po
kolem, po (as)
kolem, okolo
od (do ptomnosti)
7. pd
po celm
a do (as)
k, do
smrem k, vi osob
pod
na rozdl od
nahoru, vzhru
s
uvnit, v rozsahu
bez, vn, ani
outside
over
past
round
since
through
throughout
till, until
to
towards
under
unlike
up
with
within
without
Cvien 21.1. Doplte do vt pedloky z rmeku.

into
between
across
by
off
since
within
except
towards
during
1) All our students live . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 kilometres.

2) The gallery is opened daily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sunday.
3) He was walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . his wife.
4) It happened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World War II.
5) There is a post office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the pub and
the theatre.
6) He wasnt careful and fell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the
ladder.
7) This book was written . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a famous
pop singer.
8) There is a new bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the river.
9) We have been here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . September.
10) Her latest novel has been translated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
three languages.
b) SLOEN
along with
as to
as for
spolu s
co se te
co se te
out of
up to
next to
z
a do, a k
u, vedle
95
c) SOUSLOVN
according to
apart from
because of
by means of
in accordance with
in case of
in favour of
in front of
in spite of
instead of
in view of
on behalf of
owing to
regardless to
thanks to
podle
nehled k
kvli
pomoc
ve shod s
pro ppad
ve prospch
ped (mstn)
navzdory
msto
vzhledem k
jmnem, ve prospch
dky, kvli
bez ohledu na
dky
DLEIT PEDLOKOV VAZBY

AT
look at
aim at
laugh at
smile at
shoot at
point at
arrive at
dvat se na
mit na
smt se
usmvat se
stlet na
ukzat na
pijet na (ndra, letit)
IN
trust in
believe in
succeed in
deal in
arrive in
take part in
vit v
vit v
mt spch v
obchodovat s
pijet (do msta, zem)
zastnit se
vysvtlivka
arrive in Paris
dorazit do Pae
arrive at the airport dorazit na letit
96
zapamatuj si
in the world
in the tree
in the picture
in the photo
in the sky
in the sun
na svt
na strom
na obrzku
na fotce
na nebi
na slunci
TO
object to
listen to
belong to
compare to
namtat proti
poslouchat
patit
srovnvat s
FOR
wait for
leave for
apply for
ask for
apologise for
ekat na
odjet (kam)
dat o
dat o
omluvit se za
OF
boast of
accuse of
take care of
remind of
consist of
approve of
dream of
chlubit se
obvinit z
peovat o
pipomnat nco
skldat se z
schvlit nco
snt o
FROM
protect from
prevent from
differ from
come from
suffer from
chrnit ped
zabrnit v
liit se od
pochzet z
trpt m
ABOUT
complain about
worry about
care about
stovat si na
trpit se m
dbt o
Cvien 21.2. Vyberte sprvnou pedloku.
1) The robber climbed OVER / ACROSS the wall.

2) It differs OF / FROM what you told last week.
3) This sweater reminds me OFF / OF my brother.
4) Stop laughing AT / TO him.
5) According FROM / TO his wife he is not that clever.
6) Eight FROM / OUT OF ten people in Britain can speak
only English.
7) My father doesnt approve ON / OF smoking at all.
8) When did you arrive AT / IN Cardiff?
9) I am writing to you ON BEHALF OF / OWING TO all the
tenants of this house.
10) Paul left TO / FOR Egypt yesterday.
tahk
PEDLOKY ASU
AT
at 5
at Christmas / Easter
at the weekend
at the moment
at present
at dawn
at noon
at night
at midnight
at the age of 5
at the same time
v5
o Vnocch / Velikonocch
o vkendu
te
v souasnosti
za svitu
v poledne
v noci
o plnoci
v pti letech
souasn
ON
on Friday
v ptek
on Friday morning /
v ptek rno
afternoon / evening odpoledne / veer
on April 10
10. dubna
IN
in April
v dubnu
in 1996
v roce 1996
in the morning /
rno /
afternoon / evening odpoledne / veer
in summer
v lt
in the 16th century
v 16. stolet
in an hour
za hodinu
in a while
za chvli
tahk
PEDLOKY MSTA
AT
at home
doma
at the cinema /
v kin / divadle /
theatre / concert na koncert
at the party
na verku
at the station / airport na ndra / letiti
at the bus stop
na autobusov zastvce
at the traffic lights
na semaforu
at the crossroads
na kiovatce
at the bottom of
na dn, dole
at the top of
nahoe
at the end of
na konci
at sea
na moi
at the seaside
u moe
at school / university
ve kole / na univerzit
at 10 Downing Street
v Downing Street slo 10
at the doctors
u doktora
at the grocers
v potravinch
at Peters
u Petra (doma)
at the table
u stolu
at the corner
na rohu
IN
in bed
in Downing Street
in the country
in London
in Russia
in an office
in the south
in the garden
in the corner
v posteli
v Downing Street
na venkov
v Londn
v Rusku
v kanceli
na jihu
na zahrad
v rohu
ON
on the table
on the first floor
on the right
on foot
na stole
v prvnm pate
vpravo
pky
97

1) See you . . . . . . . . . . . . Wednesday evening then.
2) I was born . . . . . . . . . . . . 1980.
3) What are you doing . . . . . . . . . . . . the weekend?
4) I cant be at home and at work . . . . . . . . . . . . same time.
5) They were in the mountains . . . . . . . Christmas.
6) Ill be there . . . . . . . . . . . . five minutes.
7) She is not working . . . . . . . . . . . . the moment.
8) They got married . . . . . . . . . . . . May.
9) The film starts . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 pm.
10) It often rains . . . . . . . . . . . . autumn.

1) Luka lives . . . . . . . . . . . . the second floor.
2) The Prime Minister lives . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Downing
Street.
3) Mrs Pink has a big house . . . . . . . . . . . . Elm Street.
4) It was written . . . . . . . . . . . . the bottom of the page.
5) Portsmouth is . . . . . . . . . . . . the south of England.
6) Jane is sitting . . . . . . . . . . . . the desk writing letters.
7) There is a plant . . . . . . . . . . . . the corner of the room.
8) Where is Lucy? . . . . . . . . . . . . the dentist.
9) Did they go there by car? No . . . . . . . . . . . . foot.
10) Lets meet . . . . . . . . . . . . Johns . . . . . . . . . . . . an hour.
Test 8
1) Could you . . . . . . . . . . . . . me a favour?

A) make
B) do
C) take
D) did
2) Do it . . . . . . . . . . . . ., please.

A) quicklier
B) quicler

C) more quicker
D) more quickly
3) When shall we meet? . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thursday morning.

A) On
B) At
C)
D) In
4) It was raining . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A) heavy
B) heavily
C) heavyly D) heavilly
5) The company . . . . . . . . . . . . . apologised for what had
happened.

A) publically B) publicaly C) publicly D) publical
6) Where is it? Its . . . . . . . . . . . . . the corner of the kitchen.

A) at
B) on
C) in
D) to
7) He is . . . . . . . . . . . . . qualified, he will get the job.

A) highly
B) high
C) higher
D) height
8) Why is she always . . . . . . . . . . . . . trouble?

A) doing
B) taking
C) making D) having
98
9) They always treat other people . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A) friendly
B) friendlily

C) with friendship
D) in a friendly way
10) Hell be here . . . . . . . . . . . . . a moment.

A) in
B) at
C) for
D) since
11) Was the film good? Yes, . . . . . . . . . . . . . good,
but . . . . . . . . . . . . . long.

A) quiet, quiet
B) quite, rather

C) quite, quite
D) rather, rather
12) He put the cat . . . . . . . . . . . . . the pigeons.

A) between B) in
C) across
D) among
13) They dont have . . . . . . . . . . . . . to buy it, they have to
rent it.

A) enough money
B) money enough

C) not enough money
D) not money enough
14) Has Bob . . . . . . . . . . . . . his homework yet?

A) made
B) done
C) make
D) do
15) Why is he . . . . . . . . . . . . . a fuss of them?

A) doing
B) do
C) making D) make
16) Sharon lives . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Palm Road.

A) on
B) in
C) at
D) to
17) Jim is waiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . the corner of the street.

A) in
B) into
C) at
D) within
18) I could . . . . . . . . . . . . . see it.

A) harder
B) hardly
C) hardlier D) hard
19) It didnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . any sense.

A) do
B) doing
C) make
D) making
20) Who is that man . . . . . . . . . . . . . the picture?

A) on
B) at
C) to
D) in
22. Slovosled
Cvien 22.1.Dejte slova do sprvnho poad
PM SLOVOSLED
a utvote vty.
v oznamovac vt
1
PODMT
PSUDEK
PEDMT
PSLOVEN
UREN
saw
him
at school.
PSLOVEN UREN
1
ZPSOBU
2
MSTA
3
ASU
She said it deliberately at the party yesterday.

ekla to vera na verku mysln.
zapamatuj si
1. podmt
They
2. psudek
spoke
3. pedmt
French
4. psloven uren zpsobu fluently
5. psloven uren msta
at the meeting
6. psloven uren asu
yesterday.
Psloven uren asu me bt na zatku vty.

Yesterday I was at my cottage. Vera jsem byl na chat.
Je-li ve vt vce pslovench uren asu, uvd se
pesnj dve.
See you at four on Wednesday.
Uvidme se ve stedu ve tyi.
vysvtlivka
1) THE FILM / SAW / WE / LAST NIGHT / AT THE CINEMA.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) ABOUT IT / AT SCHOOL / THEY / A WEEK AGO / SPOKE.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) TOMORROW / LETS / AT 5 / MEET.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) QUIETLY / CLOSED / HE / THE DOOR.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) AT THE STAFF MEETING / MONDAY / NEXT / WILL BE
ANNOUNCED / IT.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) AFTER BREAKFAST / OUR FRIENDS / CALLED /
IMMEDIATELY / WE.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) AT SCHOOL / TODAY / YOU / HIM / HAVE / MET.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) EVERY DAY / BY CAR / JACK / TO WORK / GOES.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) IN THE EVENING / TO THE SUPERMARKET / LETS /
SHOPPING / GO.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) FLUENTLY / THINK / ENGLISH / ALL STUDENTS / I /
WILL / SPEAK.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

We met him at 6 yesterday.

Potkali jsme ho vera v est.
Podmt mus bt v kad vt

It is raining. Pr.
99
DVA PEDMTY
FREKVENN PSLOVCE
Pedmt pm (4. pd) nsleduje za pedmtem

nepmm (3. pd) bezpedlokovm.

3. pd
4.pd
She gave
John
a book.
Dala Honzovi knihu.
She gave
him
a book.
Dala mu knihu.
never
nikdy
rarely
zdkakdy
seldom
mlokdy
sometimes
obas
often
asto
usually
obvykle
always
vdy
ever
nkdy (v otzce)
Frekvenn pslovce stoj ped vznamovm slovesem,
ale za slovesem to be.
They often go out in the evening. asto chod veer ven.
She is always busy. M stle moc prce.
Do they ever see their parents? Vdaj se nkdy s rodii?
Pedmt nepm (3. pd) pedlokov nsleduje

za pedmtem pmm (4. pd)
a) je-li pmm pedmtem osobn zjmeno
Give it to me. Dej mi to.
b) je-li nepmm pedmtem del spojen
I brought the book to my sister-in-law.
Pinesl jsem knihu vagrov.
c) je-li na nepmm pedmtu draz
I gave the flowers to you, not to your sister.
Dal jsem kytky tob, ne tv seste.
zajmavost
He brought Claire a rose.
He brought her a rose.
He brought it to her.
He brought a rose to Claire, not to Julia.
1) A) She sent a letter him. B) She sent him a letter.

2) A) He lent me his phone. B) He lent his phone me.
3) A) Please, give me it.
B) Please, give it to me.
4) A) Lucy showed me
B) Lucy showed the picture
the picture. me.
5) A) We want to buy for
B) We want to buy her a
her a present. present.
6) A) Pass the salt me, please. B) Pass me the salt, please.
7) A) Tom bought me it.
B) Tom bought it for me.
8) A) C
ould you bring it to B) Could you bring him it?
him?
9) A) They gave us their
B) They gave their address us.
address.
10) A) Phil sent them it.
B) Phil sent it to them.
100
tahk
She never smokes.
She is never late.
Cvien 22.3. Dejte pslovce na sprvn msto ve vt.

1) You say you will love me.
NEVER, ALWAYS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) He can remember names. He must write them down.

NEVER, ALWAYS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) We dont go out after dinner.
USUALLY

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) He will travel abroad.
OFTEN

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Do you go to bed before midnight?
EVER

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) She is tired when she gets home.
USUALLY

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) It rains in winter there.
OFTEN

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) He has a shower.

SELDOM

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) They will understand it.
NEVER

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) Joe is drinking beer.
ALWAYS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OBRCEN SLOVOSLED
Podmt stoj za psudkem.
a) VAZBA THERE IS, THERE ARE
THERE IS/ + PODMT + PSLOVEN UREN MSTA
/THERE ARE
There is a pen on the desk. Na stole je (njak) pero.
There are (some) pens on the desk.
Na stole jsou (njak) pera.
OTZKA
Is there a (any) pen on the desk? Je na stole (njak) pero?
Are there (any) pens on the desk?
Jsou na stole (njak) pera?
ZPOR
There isnt a (any) pen on the desk.
Na stole nen dn pero.
= There is no pen on the desk.
There arent (any) pens on the desk.
Na stole nejsou dn pera.
= There are no pens on the desk.
Tato vazba existuje ve vech asech.
There has been an accident on this road.
Na tto silnici se stala nehoda.
There will be a lot of people in the streets.
V ulicch budou spousty lid.
poznmka
Cvien 22.4.Doplte do vt there + is / are / was /

were / has been / have been / will be.
1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . any famous people at the
launch ceremony last week?
2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 10:30 train to Oxford, but
we missed it.
3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . time for sightseeing next
Sunday?
4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a lot of changes in my
home town. Now it looks different.
5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . no-one at home last night.
6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a lot of snow in the mountains since last Saturday.
7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . another way to do it? No, it
is the only possibility.
8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a lot of foreigners in Prague
since 1989.
9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . anybody to meet you at the
airport tomorrow?
10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 minutes in an hour.
b) V OTZCE
Does he always do it?
Dl to vdy?
c)PO VRAZECH sten nebo pln zpornch

za elem zdraznn
not only
nejen
no soonerthan
sotvae
Not only did he hear it, but he saw it.
Nejen e to vidl, ale on to tak slyel.
No sooner had he finished it than they asked him for
further co-operation.
Sotvae to dokonil, podali jej o dal spoluprci.
d)V PODMNKOVCH SOUVTCH, JE-LI VYNECHNA
SPOJKA IF
Should you meet him, tell him I am waiting.
Kdybys ho snad potkal, ekni mu, e ekm.
Viz kapitola Podmnkov vty na stran 117
odkaz
Prostudujte si kapitolu
Podmnkov vty na stran 117
+ There is a book on the table.

? Is there a book on the table?
There isnt a book on the table.
101
e) PO VRAZECH SO, NEITHER

so
tak ano
neither
tak ne
I am clever. So am I.
Jsem chytr. J tak.
She knows it. So do I.
Ona to v. J tak.
He isnt stupid. Neither is she. On nen hloup. Ona tak ne.
They didnt work. Neither did we.
Oni nepracovali. My tak ne.
tahk
I like it.
I dont like it.
So do I.
Neither do I.
She is French.
So is he.
She isnt French. Neither is he.
102
Cvien 22.5.Doplte do vt so nebo neither a vty

dokonete.
1) Fred is still single. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
his sister.
2) You never talk to me. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
your husband.
3) They will be there. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
their parents.
4) Jane didnt know about it. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I.
5) Val cant cook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jack.
6) They havent done it yet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . we.
7) Peter got lost.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I.
8) I couldnt sleep last night. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I.
9) They are busy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . we.
10) Jim would like to go to the USA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I.
23. Otzka
a) POMOC POMOCNCH SLOVES
Does she work?
Where did they go?
viz jednotliv asy
zapamatuj si
Pracuje?
Kam jeli?
what
jak
which
kter
What colour do you like?
Jak barva se ti lb?
Which colour do you like? Blue or green?
Kter barva se ti lb? Modr nebo zelen?
odkaz
Prostudujte si kapitoly
Ptomn as prost na stran 49
a Minul as prost na stran 54
b) INVERZ (OBRCENM SLOVOSLEDU)

Is he sleeping?
Sp?
Are there any pears in the fridge?
Jsou v lednici njak hruky?
Has she got a cat?
M koku?
poznmka
What is he like? He is clever.
Jak je? Je chytr.
What does he look like? He is tall.
Jak vypad? Je vysok.
odkaz
Prostudujte si kapitoly
Ptomn as prbhov na stran 51
Minul as prbhov na stran 56
Pedptomn as na stran 59
Pedminul as na stran 65
Budoucnost na stran 68
Cvien 23.1. Utvote otzky.
zajmavost
Why
What
Which
Who
Pro
Co, jak
Kter
Kdo
How
How often
How much
How many
How far
How long
How many times
Whose
When
What time
Where
OTZKA S PEDLOKOU
V otzce s pedlokou je pedloka obvykle na konci otzky.
Who are they speaking about? O kom mluv?
What is Jack afraid of? eho se Jack boj?
What is the weather like? Jak je poas?
What does he look like? Jak vypad?
Kdy
V kolik
Kde, kam
Jak
Jak asto
Kolik (nepoitateln)
Kolik (poitateln)
Jak daleko
Jak dlouho
Kolikrt
1) Paul is working today. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
2) Peter can speak English. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
3) They have gone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
4) Fiona had a birthday yesterday. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
5) He will be there on time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
6) They were dancing at 6 yesterday. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
7) This time tomorrow we will be lying on the beach.
.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
103
8) He doesnt do it. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
9) They had finished it before they left. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
10) It seldom snows in England. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
Cvien 23.2. Ptejte se na podtren vrazy.

1) I am flying to LA next week. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
2) We go to Italy in summer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
3) Pam speaks four languages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
4) They were cooking dinner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
5) Tom loves Lucy because she is pretty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
6) Suzy was wearing a new dress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
7) He wore a suit every day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
8) Jack wants to speak to Claire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
9) I go to the cinema twice a week. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
10) They have five children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
11) They got married a month ago. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
12) She is going to work by car today. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
13) He is from Birmingham. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
14) Its Grahams car. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
15) We were talking about London. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
16) Tim is looking at the girl over there. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
17) We have been waiting here for two hours. . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
18) They changed twice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
19) He needs two kilos of sugar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
104
20) She is twenty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
21) It was sunny but windy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
22) They will go there with their children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
23) It was announced last week. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
24) I always walk to work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
25) It happened at the cottage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
26) I prefer the yellow car. I dont like the red one. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
27) She was looking for her glasses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
28) I like watching horror films. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
29) It took me 2 hours to get to London. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
30) My sister is tall and slim. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
31) They will be able to stay there for a week. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
32) Pat smokes twenty cigarettes a day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
33) There is a big blue lorry in front of the house. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
34) They did it because they were asked. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
35) Molly said it to her sister. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
36) Susan had been working for this company for 30 years
before she retired. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
37) Jack and Jill had to speak English with their guests. .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
38) Tom will be allowed to drive a car in a year. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
39) Brigit has been to Scotland twice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
40) Physics starts at 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
c) ZPORN OTZKA
d) PODMTN OTZKA
PLN TVAR
Does he not like it?
Nelb se mu to?
STAEN TVAR
Doesnt he like it?
Copak se mu to nelb?
Pouit otzky se staenmi tvary.

a) potvrzen domnnky
Didnt they hear that?
Neslyeli to? (J myslm, e ano.)
b) vyjden divu nebo pekvapen
Dont you know it?
Copak to nev?
c) vyjden obdivu
Isnt she beautiful?
Nen krsn?
Ptme-li se na podmt (1. pd), m otzka slovosled oznamovac vty.

PODMTN OTZKA
Who brought it?
Who knows him?
Kdo to pinesl?
Kdo ho zn?
PEDMTN OTZKA
Who did you bring it to?
Who does he know?
Komu jsi to pinesl?

Koho zn?
zajmavost
Charles loves Kim.
Who loves Kim?
Charles.
Who does Charles love? Kim.
d) vyjden nespokojenosti
Cant you stop it?
Neme toho nechat?
Cvien 23.4. Utvote otzky s who nebo what.

tahk
Do you not like it? = Dont you like it?
Cvien 23.3.Utvote zporn otzky.

Pouijte staen tvary.
1) I hope Gwen wont be there.

Why?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her? YOU / LIKE
2) We havent seen Paul for years.
How come?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . him at the party last week? YOU / MEET
3) She doesnt want to go to the concert.
Why?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . interested in music? SHE / BE
4) I am afraid I will have to rent a car.
Why?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your own? YOU / HAVE
5) Lets go shopping.
Why? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it? JAMES / DO
1) James saw Fiona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
2) James saw Fiona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
3) Paul has got a book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
4) The Smiths had a bad accident last night. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
5) Jim lost the key. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
6) Frank phoned Ben? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
7) Jill won a million. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
8) Chuck loves Eve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
9) The Parkers have bought a new car. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
10) The children broke the window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
11) Phil agrees with their decision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
12) Jeremy agrees with his uncle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
105
13) The boys were talking about Alice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
14) Liv got lost. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
15) Alan married Alison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
e) NEPM OTZKA
Nepm otzka m slovosled oznamovac vty.
Bv uvozena nsledujcmi vrazy:
I dont know
I know
I dont remember
I remember
Tell me
Please explain
Do you know
Have you any idea
I have no idea
I wonder
Who knows
Can you tell me
Dont ask me
Nevm,
Vm,
Nepamatuji si,
Pamatuji si,
ekni mi,
Vysvtli, prosm
V,
M pont,
Nemm ani pont,
Rd bych vdl,
Kdo v,
Me mi ci,
Neptej se m,
Pm otzka
What time is it?
Nepm otzka
Do you know what time it is?
Where does he come

from?
I dont know where he comes

from.
When did it happen?
He doesnt remember when it

happened.
Will they come?
I wonder if they will come.
tahk
Pm otzka

Where does Sarah work?
Nepm otzka
Do you know where Sarah works?
zajmavost
if jestli
whether zda-li
I dont know if / whether they will be there.
Nevm, jestli / zda-li tam budou.
106
Cvien 23.5. Utvote nepm otzky.

1) Is she reading a newspaper?

Ask her . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Have they ever been to Moscow?

I dont know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) When did you first meet your wife?

I dont remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) How much does this skirt cost?

Can you tell me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
5) Where are the children?

Have you any idea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
6) When does the bus leave?

I dont remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) What time does the post office open?

Do you know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
8) Is it true?

Tell me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) Why did you do it?

Please, explain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) Did they break up?

Do you know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
11) How much will the holiday cost?

Do you know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
12) Where are you?
They will be wondering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) Where does Val work?

Tell me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) What were they talking about?

I dont remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) Are they still together? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Who knows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24. Tvoen slov pedponami

a) PEDPONY TVOC OPOZITA
agree
appear
honest
like
advantage
approve
souhlasit
objevit se
estn
lbit se
vhoda
potvrdit
DIS
disagree
disappear
dishonest
dislike
disadvantage
disapprove
nesouhlasit
zmizet
neestn
nelbit se
nevhoda
vyvrtit
IL
happy
believable
usual
known
reliable
lock
tie
certain
important
natural
astn
uviteln
obvykl
znm
spolehliv
zamknout
zavzat
jist
dleit
pirozen
UN
unhappy
unbelievable
unusual
unknown
unreliable
unlock
untie
uncertain
unimportant
unnatural
neastn
neuviteln
neobvykl
neznm
nespolehliv
odemknout
rozvzat
nejist
nedleit
nepirozen
possible
polite
moral
patient
mon
slun
morln
trpliv
IM
impossible
impolite
immoral
impatient
nemon
neslun
nemorln
netrpliv
probable
pravd
podobn
direct
expensive
correct
visible
experienced
definite
pm
drah
sprvn
viditeln
zkuen
urit
exhaustible
vyerpateln
inexhaustible
nevyerpateln
complete
kompletn
incomplete
nekompletn
improbable
IN
indirect
inexpensive
incorrect
invisible
inexperienced
indefinite
nepravdpodobn
nepm
levn
nesprvn
neviditeln
nezkuen
neurit
illegal
illegible
illogical
legal
legible
logical
legln
iteln
logick
regular
resistible
pravideln
odolateln
responsible
zodpovdn
irresponsible
nezodpovdn
rational
racionln
irrational
iracionln
IR
irregular
irresistible
NON
non-smoker
non-sexist
non-racist
non-addictive
non-believer
nelegln
neiteln
nelogick
nepravideln
neodolateln
smoker
sexist
racist
addictive
believer
kuk
sexistick
rasistick
nvykov
vc
nekuk
nesexistick
nerasistick
nenvykov
nevc
alcoholic
alkoholick
non-alcoholic
nealkoholick
biological
existent
fat
flammable
profit
returnable
biologick
existujc
tuk
holav
zisk
vratn
non-biological
non-existent
non-fat
non-flammable
non-profit
non-returnable
nebiologick
neexistujc
bez tuku
neholav
neziskov
nevratn
zapamatuj si
Pedpony tvoc opozita:
IL-
illegal
IM-
impolite
IR-
irregular
UN- unknown
DIS- disagree
NON- non-smoker
107
Cvien 24.1. Utvote opozita.
MIS patn, nesprvn
1) reliable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) believer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) resistible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) believable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) polite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) expensive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) moral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) addictive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) approve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) experienced. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) logical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) natural. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) probable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) regular. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) existent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16) honest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17) exhaustible. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18) legible. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19) tie. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20) complete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) OSTATN PEDPONY
build
write
open
tell
stavt
pst
otevt
vyprvt
marry
vdt se,
oenit se
RE znovu
rebuild
rewrite
reopen
retell
remarry
pestavt
pepsat
znovu otevt
pevyprvt
znovu se provdat,
oenit
sleep
charge
estimate
eat
flow
OVER pli, pespt

oversleep
tovat
overcharge
ocenit
overestimate
jst
overeat
tci
overflow
ground
estimate
paid
age
cook
UNDER mlo, podzem

underground
ocenit
underestimate
placen
underpaid
vk
underage
vait
undercook
108
zaspat
pedrait
pecenit
pejdat se
petci
podzem
podcenit
mlo placen
mladistv
nedovait
understand
pochopit
misunderstand
patn pochopit
print
tisk
misprint
peklep, tiskov
chyba
hear
use
lead
slyet
pout
vst
mishear
misuse
mislead
peslechnout se
zneut
uvst v omyl
BI dvoudvojjazyn
dvoustrann
dvounoh
pololetn
bilingual
bilateral
biped
biannual
deforest
decentralise
decode
decapitate
rich
large
able
close
code
slave
DE ododlesnit
decentralizovat
rozifrovat
setnout hlavu
EN tvoen sloves
bohat
enrich
velk
enlarge
schopn
enable
ohrazen msto enclose
kd
encode
otrok
enslave
vysvtlivka
RE-
OVER-
UNDER-
MIS-
BI-
DE-
EN-
znovu
pli
mlo
patn
dvou
od-
sloveso
retell
overestimate
underpaid
misunderstand
bilingual
decapitate
enlarge
obohatit
zvtit
umonit
ohradit, piloit
zakdovat
zotroit
Cvien 24.2. Napite k definicm anglick vrazy s pedponami.

1) to cut off the head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) to make larger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) walking on two legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) to think you have understood when you havent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) happening twice a year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) to cut down trees in a large area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) difficult to burn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) to open again . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) younger than the lowest age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) to think that something is bigger, more important, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) without a profit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) to make a slave of someone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) to use something in a way that wasnt intended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) using two languages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) to make something possible. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
109
25. Tvoen slov pponami

a) TVOEN PODSTATNCH JMEN
teach
dance
sing
work
farm
manage
bake
football
garden
drive
lead
follow
speak
employ
begin
-ER
teacher
dancer
singer
worker
farmer
manager
baker
footballer
gardener
driver
leader
follower
speaker
employer
beginner
uitel
tanenk
zpvk
dlnk
zemdlec
manaer
peka
fotbalista
zahradnk
idi
vdce
stoupenec
enk
zamstnavatel
zatenk
operate
translate
act
direct
inspect
instruct
sail
advise
visit
collect
invent
dictate
-OR
operator
translator
actor
director
inspector
instructor
sailor
advisor
visitor
collector
inventor
dictator
opertor
pekladatel
herec
editel
inspektor
instruktor
nmonk
poradce
nvtvnk
sbratel
vynlezce
dikttor
journal
art
psychiatry
psychology
physics
economy
music
electricity
politics
mathematics
optics
-IST
journalist
artist
psychiatrist
psychologist
physicist
economist
novin
umlec
psychiatr
psycholog
fyzik
ekonom
-IAN
musician
electrician
politician
mathematician
optician
physician
hudebnk
elektrik
politik
matematik
optik
lka
pikantnost
fyzik
lka
physicist
physician
-EE
employee
addressee
payee
trustee
referee
employ
address
pay
trust
refer
pikantnost
zapamatuj si
teach
translate
teacher
translator
employer
employee
zamstnavatel
zamstnanec
zajmavost
zajmavost
advice
advise
110
rada
radit
pay payee
payer payment
platit pjemce pltce platba
zamstnanec
adrest
pjemce penz
len sprvn rady
rozhod
-SHIP
dictatorship
friendship
membership
leadership
scholarship
dictator
friend
member
leader
scholar
diktatura
ptelstv
lenstv
veden
stipendium
zajmavost
lead
vst
leader
vdce
leadership
veden
dictate
diktovat
dictator dictatorship
dikttor diktatura
-DOM
kingdom
boredom
wisdom
freedom
king
bore
wise
free
krlovstv
nuda
moudrost
svoboda
pikantnost
The UK=
The United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland
distant
enter
assist
tolerate
attend
different
silent
infant
consistent
tend
accurate
-ANCE, -ENCE, -ANCY, -ENCY, -CY

distance
vzdlenost
entrance
vstup
assistance
pomoc
tolerance
tolerance
attendance
dochzka
difference
odlinost
silence
ticho
infancy
ran dtstv
consistency
konzistence
tendency
tendence
accuracy
pesnost
child
brother
neighbour
mother
-HOOD
childhood
brotherhood
neighbourhood
motherhood
dtstv
bratrstv
sousedstv
matestv
measure
govern
employ
manage
improve
announce
-MENT
measurement
government
employment
management
improvement
announcement
men
vlda
zamstnanost
zen
zlepen
oznmen
build
feel
meet
begin
mean
-ING
building
feeling
meeting
beginning
meaning
budova
pocit
schze
zatek
vznam
suggest
decide
elect
discuss
assume
-ION
suggestion
decision
election
discussion
assumption
nvrh
rozhodnut
volby
diskuse
pedpoklad
inform
separate
combine
operate
admire
-ATION
information
separation
combination
operation
admiration
informace
oddlen
kombinace
operace
obdiv
approve
refuse
remove
-AL
approval
refusal
removal
souhlas
odmtnut
odstrann
happy
lonely
kind
ill
weak
-NESS
happiness
loneliness
kindness
illness
weakness
tst
osamlost
laskavost
nemoc
slabost
111
active
stupid
visible
clear
-ITY
activity
stupidity
visibility
clarity
aktivita
hloupost
viditelnost
jas, jasno
deep
long
wide
strong
-TH
depth
length
width
strength
hloubka
dlka
ka
sla
Cvien 25.1. Utvote podstatn jmna.

1) approve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) separate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) lonely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) deep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) suggest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) king. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) employ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) refuse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) weak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) mean. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) free . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) friend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) assume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) strong. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16) improve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17) attend. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18) remove. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19) brother. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20) different. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21) wise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22) enter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23) kind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24) visible. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25) long. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26) admire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27) stupid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28) elect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29) silent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30) accurate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
112
b) TVOEN PDAVNCH JMEN

culture
nation
nature
occasion
-AL
cultural
national
natural
occasional
kulturn
nrodn
prodn
pleitostn
logics
history
politics
-ICAL
logical
historical
political
logick
historick
politick
pikantnost
historic
historical
pamtn
historick
economic
economical
hospodsk
hospodrn
-Y
hair
ice
stone
noise
dirt
smell
bone
rain
sun
anger
hunger
stick
spike
hairy
icy
stony
noisy
dirty
smelly
bony
rainy
sunny
angry
hungry
sticky
spiky
chlupat
zledovatl
kamenit
hlun
pinav
smradlav
kostnat
detiv
slunen
vztekl
hladov
lepkav
piat
friend
coward
mother
love
heaven
month
-LY
friendly
cowardly
motherly
lovely
heavenly
monthly
ptelsk
zbabl
matesk
rozkon
nebesk
msn
danger
fame
courage
ambition
-OUS
dangerous
famous
courageous
ambitious
nebezpen
slavn
odvn
ctidostiv
hope
use
care
help
forget
-FUL
hopeful
useful
careful
helpful
forgetful
nadjn
uiten
opatrn
prospn
zapomtliv
vysvtlivka
care + full = careful
zajmavost
gold
gold watch
golden
golden age
zlat (vyroben ze zlata)

zlat hodinky
zlat (penesen)
zlat vk
convert
rely
change
agree
accept
measure
-IBLE- ABLE
convertible
reliable
changeable
agreeable
acceptable
measurable
pemniteln
spolehliv
promnliv
pjemn
pijateln
miteln
pikantnost
-LESS
hopeless
useless
careless
endless
helpless
hope
use
care
end
help
beznadjn
neuiten
neopatrn
nekonen
bezmocn
zapamatuj si
use
uitek
help
pomoc
care
pe
useful
uiten
helpful
prospn
careful
opatrn
useless
neuiten
helpless
bezmocn
careless
neopatrn
child
fool
green
-ISH
childish
foolish
greenish
dtinsk
poetil
nazelenal
gold
wool
wood
-EN
golden
woollen
wooden
zlat
vlnn
devn
convert
convertible
convertible
pemnit
pemniteln
kabriolet
Cvien 25.2. Utvote pdavn jmna.

1) spike. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) anger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) heaven. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) danger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) fame. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) friend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) end . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) courage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) occasion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) smell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) coward. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) ambition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) politics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) forget. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16) accept. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17) fool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18) bone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19) love. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20) care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
113
Cvien 25.3. Utvote slovesa.
c) TVOEN SLOVES
short
broad
bright
dark
tight
loose
length
-EN
shorten
broaden
brighten
darken
tighten
loosen
lengthen
zkrtit
rozit
rozjasnit
ztmavnout
uthnout
povolit
prodlouit
author
colony
summary
critics
economy
memory
-ISE
authorise
colonise
summarise
criticise
economise
memorise
autorizovat
kolonizovat
shrnout
kritizovat
etit
nauit se nazpam
pikantnost
U sloves s koncovkou -ISE je rozdl
mezi britskou a americkou anglitinou
UK - ISE
US - IZE
authorise
authorize
colonise
colonize
summarise
summarize
criticise
criticize
economise
economize
memorise
memorize
-FY
simplify
specify
justify
modify
clarify
satisfy
114
zjednoduit
specifikovat
ospravedlnit
modifikovat
vyjasnit
uspokojit
1) tight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) short. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) simple. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) strength. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) just. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) bright. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26. Spojovac vrazy

a) PEHLED SPOJOVACCH VRAZ
and
bothand
but
however
either or
neither nor
nevertheless
because
as
for
in particular
in case
if
unless
when
till / until
so that
apart from
at first
to start with
first
first of all
then
after that
next
afterwards
finally
in the end
to sum up
in conclusion
on the whole
altogether
all in all
although
though
even though
in spite of
despite
a
ii
ale
avak
bu anebo
aniani
nicmn
protoe
protoe
nebo
pedevm
pro ppad
jestlie, kdyby
jestlie ne, kdyby ne
kdy, a
dokud ne
take, aby
krom
nejprve
zat
nejprve, poprv
za veho nejdve
potom
potom
potom
potom
nakonec
nakonec
zrekapitulovat
na zvr
vcelku
celkem vzato
celkem
akoli
akoli
akoli, i kdy
navzdory
navzdory
odkaz
Dal spojovac vrazy jsou uvedeny
u jednotlivch druh vt v kapitolch 2732.
b) FIRST AT FIRST
Lets do the washing up first and then we can go
swimming.
Umyjme nejprve ndob a potom meme jt plavat.
At first I didnt understand him but then I got used to his
accent.
Nejprve jsem mu nerozuml, ale pak jsem si zvykl na jeho
pzvuk.
c) BECAUSE BECAUSE OF
We didnt go to the forest because it was raining.
Neli jsme do lesa, protoe prelo.
We didnt go to the forest because of the rain.
Neli jsme do lesa kvli deti.
zapamatuj si
BECAUSE + VTA
He got lost because he didnt have a map.
BECAUSE OF + PODSTATN JMNO
NEBO ZJMENO
He got lost because of bad instructions.
c) ALTHOUGH / THOUGH /
/ EVEN THOUGH IN SPITE OF / DESPITE
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
Akoli prelo, li jsme na prochzku.
We went for a walk despite the rain.
li jsem na prochzku navzdory deti.
Although she was tired, she went with us.
Akoli byla unaven, la a s nmi.
She went with us in spite of being tired.
la s nmi navzdory tomu, e byla unaven.
zajmavost
ALTHOUGH = THOUGH = EVEN THOUGH
IN SPITE OF = DESPITE
zapamatuj si
ALTHOUGH + VTA
Although the weather was bad,
we enjoyed our holiday.
IN SPITE OF + PODSTATN JMNO,
GERUNDIUM NEBO ZJMENO
We enjoyed our holiday despite the bad weather.
Cvien 26.1. Doplte do vt spojovac vrazy z rmeku.

ALTHOUGH
IN SPITE OF
AT FIRST
FIRST
BECAUSE OF
BECAUSE
1) We got there on time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the traffic.

2) They didnt understand their French teacher
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . they had spent a year in Paris.
3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I wanted to give up but then I decided not to.
4) Suzy couldnt walk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her broken leg.
5) Jim left the party before midnight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . he
has to get up early tomorrow.
6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . read the text and then answer the
questions below.
7) He never says hello to me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . living next
door.
8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . they hadnt been invited, they arrived
at the ceremony.
9) I could hardly recognise her . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her new
haircut.
10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I didnt know what he was talking
about but then I realised I had heard it before.
Test 9
1) Jim gave . . . . . . ., not to his wife.

A) Wendy roses
B) to Wendy roses

C) roses to Wendy
D) roses Wendy
2) . . . . . . . does he look . . . . . . .? He is rather fat.

A) How, like B) What, -
C) How, -
D) What, like
3) The car doesnt cost much. It is . . . . . . .

A) inexpensive
B) unexpensive

C) imexpensive
D) ilexpensive
4) Mr Robin is a famous Scottish . . . . . . .

A) politics
B) political C) politic
D) politician
116
5) . . . . . . . I didnt understand him at all, but then I got

used to his strange accent.

A) At first
B) First
C) Firstly
D) The first
6) She doesnt cook.

A) She often eats out.
B) Often she eats out.

C) She eats out often
D) Out she eats often.
7) They go on holiday with their parents.

A) How do they go on holiday with?

B) What do they go on holiday with?

C) Who do they go on holiday with?

D) Who do they go on holiday?
8) This restaurant is only for . . . . . . .

A) unsmokers
B) nonsmokers

C) non-smokers
D) not smokers
9) A person whose job is connected with matter and
energy is called a . . . . . . .

A) physician B) physicist C) physic D) physics
10) They went skiing . . . . . . . the snow storm.

A) although B) in spite
C) despite D) because of
11) Jack isnt selfish.

A) So, isnt his brother.
B) So is his brother.

C) Neither isnt his brother. D) Neither is his brother.
12) I know it.

A) Who did tell you?
B) Who tell you?

C) Who told you?
D) What did tell you?
13) Its highly . . . . . . . that Phil will agree.

A) improbable
B) inprobable

C) unprobable
D) ilprobable
14) A person who employs people is an . . . . . . .

A) employ
B) employment

C) employer
D) employee
15) . . . . . . . they were late they didnt apologise.

A) Thought B) In spite of C) Despite D) Although
16) Could you tell me what . . . . . . .?

A) time is it
B) is the time

C) time it is
D) the time it is
17) I apologise, there must be some . . . . . . .

A) misunderstanding
B) ununderstanding

C) inunderstanding
D) non-understanding
18) Careful, the bath may . . . . . . .

A) underflow B) overflow C) reflow
D) enflow
19) The weather in England can be very . . . . . . .

A) changing
B) change

C) changable
D) changeable
20) The ferry was delayed . . . . . . . the strong wind.

A) because B) because of C) in spite of D) despite
27. Podmnkov vty

Cvien 27.1.Dejte slovesa v zvorce do sprvnho tvaru.
PODMNKOV SPOJKY
if
unless
provided that
providing that
supposing that
on condition that
in case (that)
jestlie, -li, kdyby

jestlie ne, ledae
za pedpokladu, e
za pedpokladu, e
za pedpokladu, e
pod podmnkou, e
pro ppad, e
a) TYP 1 Reln
HLAVN VTA
BUDOUC AS
IF
VEDLEJ VTA
PTOMN AS
I will go there if the weather is fine.

Pjdu tam, jestlie bude hezky.
zapamatuj si
Po if nesm bt will!
I will do it if you ask me.
Udlm to, jestlie m pod.
RKY
rka se pe v souvt pouze, pokud hlavn vta nsleduje
za vedlej.
If you are late, I will not wait.
Jestlie se opozd, nebudu ekat.
ale
I will not wait if you are late.
Nebudu ekat, opozd-li se.
vysvtlivka
Ped if se nepe rka.
He will come if you invite him.
Pijde, jestlie ho pozve.
ale
If you invite him, he will come.
Pozve-li ho, pijde.
1) If you. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (do) it again, you

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have to) leave!
2) They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not come) if they

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not be) invited.
3) What. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . she. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (do) if she

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (get) lost?
4) If Tim. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (meet) his friend, they

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) to the pub tonight.
5) You. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (never understand) other

people if you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not listen) to them.
6) I am afraid he. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (miss) the bus if he

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not hurry).
7) I dont think Jane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) surprised if

she. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (fail) the exam.
8) Mr Parker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (change) his job if he

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) offered a better one.
9) If you. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not feel) well tomorrow,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (stay) at home?
10) If the robber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) caught, he

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) imprisoned.
11) If it. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (stop) raining, we

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) for a walk.
12) If you. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (eat) too much sugar, you

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) fat.
13) I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) to the party provided you

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go).
14) Do you think they. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (help) us if we

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ask) them?
15) If my salary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not be) increased,

I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (start) looking for another job.
IF IN CASE OF
I will take an umbrella if it rains.
Vezmu si detnk, jestlie bude pret.
I will take an umbrella in case it rains.
Vezmu si detnk pro ppad, e bude pret.
zapamatuj si
in case = pro ppad
if
= v ppad, e
117
Cvien 27.2.Doplte do vt if nebo in case a sprvn

tvar slovesa.
1) I wont go out tonight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Jack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RING
2) I wont go for a walk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

it. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RAIN
3) You should take a map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

you. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lost. GET
4) Ill give you a ring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lost. GET
5) They are going to install a smoke alarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

there. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a fire. BE
6) You should go to the lost property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

you. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your luggage. LOSE
7) I will attach a label with my address to my luggage

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it. LOSE
8) Hang on, Ill withdraw some money from the cash
machine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . we. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it. NEED
9) I will withdraw some money from my account

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . there. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . some. BE
10) I will arrange travel insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sick in Italy. GET
7) I dont know why he isnt here UNLESS / IF he didnt

get the invitation.
8) Lucy wont pass the exam UNLESS / IF she doesnt
study.
9) I will be there at 6 UNLESS / IF you call me to be there
later.
10) He wont help them UNLESS / IF they ask him personally.
b) TYP 2 Nereln v ptomnosti
HLAVN VTA
PTOMN KONDICIONL
IF
VEDLEJ VTA
MINUL AS
I would go there if the weather was (were) fine.

But the weather is terrible.
el bych tam, kdyby bylo hezky. Ale je oklivo.
! Were lze pout pro vechny osoby.
zapamatuj si
Po if nesm bt would.
He would buy a new car if he had money.
Koupil by si nov auto, kdyby ml penze.
IF UNLESS
U podmnkovch vt typu 1 meme pout spojku unless.
He wont be there if they dont invite him. = He wont be
there unless they invite him.
Nebude tam, jestlie ho nepozvou.
tahk
If I were you = Bt tebou
poznmka
If I were you, I wouldnt do it!

Bt tebou, nedlal bych to!
if not = unless

1) UNLESS / IF you wear a warm coat, you will catch
a cold.
2) UNLESS / IF he is more careful, he will have an
accident.
3) They will be there UNLESS / IF they are invited.
4) Jim will go skiing UNLESS / IF there is enough snow.
5) She will be allowed to go with us UNLESS / IF her
mother knows who she is going there with.
6) I am afraid you will have a lot of problems UNLESS / IF
you apologise for what you have said.
118
Cvien 27.4. Utvote podmnkov vty typu 2.
1) I dont go out very often because I am busy.

If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) This car is too expensive for me to buy.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) It is raining. We cant go for a walk.
If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) It is serious that is why I bother you.

If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Paul works shifts. That is why he is so tired.

If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) We cant buy a new camera because we dont have
enough money.

If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Fiona is fed up with her job because she has to do the
same things every day.

If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) I dont know it. That is why I am asking.

If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) The Cunninghams live in the city because they work
there.

If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) I am not going to watch TV tonight because there is
nothing interesting on.

If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c) TYP 3 Nereln v minulosti
HLAVN VTA
MINUL KONDICIONL
IF
VEDLEJ VTA
PEDMINUL AS
I would have gone there if the weather had been fine.

But the weather was terrible.
Byl bych tam el, kdyby bvalo bylo hezky.
Ale bylo oklivo.
zajmavost
Podmnkov vty typu 2 a 3 jsou nereln,
situace je opan a nen reln,
aby se zmnila.
I would go there if I had time. (now)
But I dont have time.
el bych tam, kdybych ml as.
(te) Ale nemm as.
zajmavost
I would have gone there if I had had time.
(yesterday) But I didnt have time.
Byl bych tam el, kdybych byl ml as.
(vera) Ale neml jsem as.
Cvien 27.5. Utvote podmnkov vty typu 3.

1) Fred was late for school because he missed the bus.

If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) The accident happened because the road was wet and
slippery.

If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) They got lost because they didnt have a map.

If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Mum wasnt at home, so she didnt prepare lunch.

If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) James got drunk and lost his key last night.

If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) I didnt do it because I wasnt told.

If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) The boss shouted at her, so she got upset.

If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Peter didnt understand because the man didnt speak
English.

If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) I didnt have a camera, so I didnt take photos.

If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) There were no people, so nobody called the
ambulance.

If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
119
MIXED CONDITIONALS
If I had studied harder (yesterday), I wouldnt be nervous
(now).
Kdybych se byl (vera) vc uil, nebyl bych (te) tak nervzn.
Cvien 27.6. Dejte slovesa do sprvnho tvaru.
1) If they. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NOT BE at the party last

night, they. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . not BE tired now.
2) She. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UNDERSTAND English better
if she. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NOT SKIP so many English
lessons last year.
3) If we. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NOT EAT something
bad last night, we. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NOT BE sick
today.
4) Jill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STARVE now if she
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HAVE breakfast.
5) If Mr Parker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NOT LEAVE the
key in his office, he. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NOT HAVE TO
be standing in front of the house now.
INVERZE
V podmnkovch vtch se me vyskytovat inverze
(nepm slovosled).
If I had known it, I wouldnt have asked. = Had I known
it, I wouldnt have asked.
Kdybych to byl vdl, byl bych se neptal.
If I were you, I wouldnt believe him. = Were I you,
I wouldnt believe him.
Bt tebou, nevil bych mu.
tahk
If I had known = Had I known
SHOULD
Should m v podmnkovch vtch vznam snad
If there should be any changes, you will be informed in
time. = Should there be any changes, you will be informed
in time.
Kdyby snad dolo k jakmkoli zmnm, budete vas
informovni.
120
WILL a WOULD v podmnkovch vtch

V podmnkovch vtch me bt will i would, pokud se
jedn o zdvoilost i laskavost.
If you will wait a moment, I will arrange it.
Jestlie laskav chvli pokte, zadm to.
If you would sign it here, I would give you the money now.
Kdybyste to tady laskav podepsal, dal bych vm ty penze
hned.
PODMNKOV VTY PEDMTN VTY

Od podmnkovch vt je teba rozliovat vty pedmtn,
kter jsou tak uvozen spojkou if. V pedmtnch vtch
me bt po if budouc as.
I dont know if he will come. (pedmtn)
Nevm, jestli pijde. Ptme se na pedmt. Co nevm?
I will tell you if he comes. (podmnkov)
eknu ti, jestlie pijde. Ptme se za jak podmnky.
Cvien 27.7. Doplte do vt slovesa ve sprvnm tvaru.

1) If people. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . how to talk, there

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . silence all over the world.

FORGET, BE
2) If Jane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the train, she

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . walk to school.

MISS, HAVE TO
3) If they. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to bed earlier last night, they

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tired today. GO, NOT BE
4) If you. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . me before,

I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . there with you yesterday.

TELL, GO
5) Jim. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her with it unless she

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . him for help. NOT HELP, ASK
6) If I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . younger, I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

round the world.
BE, TRAVEL
7) They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a taxi if they

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . money last night. TAKE, HAVE
8) If you. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . him tomorrow,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . him to join us? SEE, TELL
9) What. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . if you

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a million? DO, WIN
10) If I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you, I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . that!

BE, NOT DO
28. asov vty

ASOV SPOJKY
when
kdy, a
after
(potom) a
before
(dve) ne
as long as
dokud, tak dlouho
till, until
dokud ne
as soon as
jakmile
while
zatmco
by the time
a (v tu dobu)
next time
pt
Po tchto spojkch se pouv ptomn as pro vyjden
budoucnosti.
HLAVN VTA
BUDOUC AS
WHEN
VEDLEJ VTA
PTOMN AS
He will call me as soon as he arrives in LA.

Zavol mi, jakmile doraz do LA.
zapamatuj si
Po when, before, after, as soon as,
while, by the time, until, next time
nesm bt budouc as!
I will leave before she comes.
She will leave before I come.
Jsou-li ve vt hlavn a vedlej nesouasn dje

a chceme-li vyjdit, e jeden dj skonil,
pouijeme pedptomn as.
When I have eaten all the fruit, I will have to go shopping.
A snm vechno to ovoce, budu muset jt nakoupit.
Cvien 28.1.Spojte vty do souvt.

Pouijte uveden spojky.
1) I will read the newspaper. But first I will wash the dishes.

I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BEFORE
2) Jane will leave school and then and she is going to travel.

Jane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AFTER
3) John will be cooking. Lucy will be sleeping.

John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WHILE
4) We are going to the USA. We will visit Jack.

We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WHEN
5) I know it will happen again. I wont do the same.

I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NEXT TIME
6) I hope he will leave soon. Then I will tell you something.

I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AS SOON AS
7) They will be waiting here for you to bring it.

They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UNTIL
8) Will you finish it first? Then you can leave.

You can . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AFTER
9) We will turn off the light and then we will go to bed.

We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BEFORE
10) I need you to be there. I wont enter the room.

I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UNTIL
WHEN IF
I am going to New York. When I am there, I will send you
a postcard.
Jedu do New Yorku. A tam budu, polu ti pohled.
I am not sure whether I will go to New York. But if I go
there, I will send you a postcard.
Nevm jist, jestli pojedu do New Yorku. Ale jestli tam pojedu,
polu ti pohled.
poznmka
Pouit as v asovch vtch
se d stejnmi pravidly jako
v podmnkovch vtch typu 1.
He will do it when he comes.
Udl to, a pijde.
He will do it if he comes.
Udl to, jestlie pijde.
121
Cvien 28.2.Doplte do vt if nebo when a sloveso

z rmeku ve sprvnm tvaru.
not want
be
see
come
be
1) We are leaving for London next week. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . there, we will see the Tower.
2) I may see Jim next week. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . him, I will ask him about it.
3) I might be late this evening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , dont wait for me.
4) They are going on holiday. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

they. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . back, they will let you know.
5) I want you to join us, but . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to, you neednt.
ASOV VTY PEDMTN VTY

Od asovch vt je teba rozliovat vty pedmtn, kter
jsou tak uvozeny when.
I will tell you when he will come. (pedmtn)
eknu ti, kdy pijde. Ptme se na pedmt. Co ti eknu?
I will tell you when he comes. (asov)
eknu ti, a pijde. Ptme se na as. Kdy ti eknu?
122
29. Pac vty

I WISH
IF ONLY
pl bych si
k by
a) PN V PTOMNOSTI
I WISH + MINUL AS
IF ONLY + MINUL AS
I wish you were here. (But you are not here.)
K bys tu byl. (Ale ty tu nejsi.)
If only he didnt know it. (But he does.)
K by to nevdl. (Ale on to v.)
! Were lze pout pro vechny osoby.

I wish I was younger. = I wish I were younger.
zapamatuj si
Pn v ptomnosti se vyjaduje
minulm asem.
If only they werent so busy.
K by nemli tolik prce.
odkaz
Prostudujte si znovu kapitolu 8.
Minul as na stran 54
COULD
Could v pacch vtch vyjaduje, e splnn pn brn
okolnosti.
If only she could go with us. (But she cant.)
K by tak mohla jt s nmi. (Ale ona neme.)
WOULD
a) splnn pn zvis na n vli
I wish you would help me. (But you dont want to.)
Pl bych si, abys mi pomohl. (Ale ty nechce.)
b) situace ns roziluje a pejeme si zmnu

If only it would stop raining.
K by pestalo pret.
V kladnch pacch vtch vptomnosti plat pravidlo
opouit minulho asu jen pro stavov slovesa, jinak
musme pout could, would nebo vazbu shope.
If only he would help me.
K by mi pomohl.
I hope he will help me.
Doufm, e mi pome.
! Would se nepouv v prvn osob!

Cvien 29.1. Utvote pac vty.
1) I am sick.

I wish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Jim has to get up early.

Jack wishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) We arent allowed to smoke in here.

If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Lucy cant speak French.

If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) You are talking and talking, which makes me mad.

If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) They live in a big city, but they dont like it at all.

They wish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Jack knows it.

If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Mr Smith cant do it.

If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) I dont think Sam will call me.

I wish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) I cant move.

If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
123
b) PN V MINULOSTI
I WISH + PEDMINUL AS
IF ONLY + PEDMINUL AS
I wish I hadnt gone there. (But I went there.)
K bych tam byl nechodil. (Ale j jsem tam el.)
If only we had studied more. (But we didnt.)
K bychom se bvali vce uili.(Ale my jsme se neuili.)
zapamatuj si
Pn v minulosti se vyjaduje
pedminulm asem.
If only I had known it.
K bych to byl vdl.
odkaz
Prostudujte si znovu kapitolu 10.
Pedminul as na stran 65
vysvtlivka
If only they were there (now).
K by tam byli (te).
If only they hade been there (yesterday).
K by tam bvali byli (vera).
124
Cvien 29.2. Utvote pac vty.

1) You didnt help me.

If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) They are still at work.

If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) He drank a lot last night.

He wishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) We left our luggage unattended.

If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) It is snowing and snowing.

If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) My wife is angry with me.

If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) They were late.

If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) I made him change his mind.

I wish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) The car wont start again.

If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) Its a pity we werent told about it in time.

If only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30. Vztan vty

a) VZTAN VTY NEVYPUSTITELN
Vyjaduj vlastnost osoby nebo pedmtu, kter je pro
n podstatn, proto nelze tyto vztan vty vynechat.
Neoddluj se rkou.
Vztan zjmena
which kter zvata a vci
who
kter osoby
whom kter osoby, po pedloce
that
kter zvata, vci, osoby, nelze po pedloce
whose jeho zvata, vci, osoby
where kde
when kdy
tahk
who
which
that
The girl who / that lives next door is a nurse.

Dvka, kter bydl vedle, je zdravotn sestra.
The car which / that is standing in front of the house is not
hers.
Auto, kter stoj ped domem, nen jej.
This is the town where we met last year.
To je to msto, kde jsme se loni potkali.
Po pedloce me bt who i whom.
This the man with who (m) she lives.
To je ten mu, se kterm ije.
poznmka
Pro osoby meme pouvat who i that,
ale who je v souasn anglitin astj.
A pilot is a person who flies an aircraft.
Pilot je lovk, kter pilotuje letadlo.
Cvien 30.1.Utvote souvt.

Pouijte who(m), which, that, whose.
1) I met an interesting girl. I dont remember her phone
number.

I met . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) A man answered the phone. He didnt tell me his name.

The man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Jane has a dog. Its name is Spotty.

Jane has . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Jack was born in a town. The town is small.

The town . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) There is a boy standing in front of our house. He looks
like my cousin Phil.

The boy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) Paul works in a factory. The factory produces tractors.

Paul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Alexander Flemming was a scientist. He discovered
penicillin.

Alexander Flemming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) A vacuum cleaner is a machine. It cleans carpets.

A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) I heard a song . I cant remember the words.

I heard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) A house was damaged by floods. It has just been rebuilt.

The house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Uvme-li zjmeno which a who(m) s pedlokou, stoj
pedloka bu ped zjmenem nebo na konci vty.
Zjmeno that nelze pout po pedloce.
This is the book about which we have just spoken.
This is the book which we have just spoken about.
This is the book that we have just spoken about.
Toto je ta kniha, o kter jsme prv mluvili.
125
Vynechn vztanho zjmena

Je-li zjmeno pedmtem vty, lze jej vynechat.
This is the book (that / which) we have just spoken about.
(pedmt 6.pd)
Toto je ta kniha, o kter jsme prv mluvili.
ale
The book which / that was on table wasnt mine.
(podmt 1.pd)
Kniha, kter byla na stole, nebyla moje.
Cvien 30.2.Utvote souvt se vztanmi vtami.

Vynechejte vztan zjmena, je-li to
mon.
1) Suzy was wearing a miniskirt. It was bright pink.

The miniskirt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) He is reading a book. It is a novel.
The book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) I meet people in my job. They are strange.
The people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) We had dinner in a restaurant. What is its name?
What is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
5) Jane was on holiday with some people. They were her
colleagues.

The people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) There is a boy waiting for you. Do you know him?

Do you know the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
7) Mr Harris finally got the job. He was trained for it.

Mr Harris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) You lost a key last night. Have you found it?

Have you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
9) I bought a bottle of Irish whiskey a week ago. Where is
it?

Where is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
10) John is going out with a beautiful girl. She used to be
my wife.

The beautiful girl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
126
b) VZTAN VTY VYPUSTITELN

Vyjaduj nedleitou okolnost oosob nebo pedmtu, kter nen pro smysl celho souvt nezbytn,
ameme je tedy vynechat.
Oddluj se rkou.
Nelze vynechat zjmena.
Nelze pout that.
which
who
whom
whose
where
when
Vztan zjmena
kter
zvata a vci
kter
osoby
kter
osoby, po pedloce
jeho
zvata, vci, osoby
kde
kdy
zajmavost
That nelze pout po rce
a po pedloce!
London, which is on the River Thames, is the capital

of the UK.
Londn, kter le na Temi, je hlavn msto UK.
Srovnejte nsledujc dv vty.
My son, who is 30, is a doctor.
Mj syn, ktermu je 30, je lka.
mm jen jednoho syna, informace o jeho vku nen
nezbytn
My son who is 30 is a doctor.
Mj syn, ktermu je 30, je lka.
mm vce syn, informace o vku je nezbytn pro uren,
o kterho ze syn se jedn
vysvtlivka
Rozdly mezi nevypustitelnmi
a vypustitelnmi vtami.
NEVYPUSTITELN
VYPUSTITELN
nelze je vypustit
lze je vypustit
lze that
nelze that
lze zjmena vynechat nelze zjmena vynechat
rky ne
rky ano
Cvien 30.3.Utvote souvt obsahujc vztan vty.

Oddlte je rkami, je-li teba.
Vynechejte zjmena, je-li to mon.
1) Paris is the capital of France. It lies on the River Seina.

Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Claire White lives on the same floor as me. She is an
interpreter.

Claire White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) A woman lives on the same floor as me. She never goes
out.

The woman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) My dad is looking for glasses. They are lying on the
table.

The sunglasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Jeremy Smith is Sophias friend. He is a lawyer.

Jeremy Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) We looked up the Moon. It was bright that night.

We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Jim is talking to a girl. Have you seen her before?

Have you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
8) We were in the Brave Lion Pub. Ben recommended it to
us.

We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) We asked a policeman for help. He was standing
nearby.

We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) The Prime Minister was shot down. He was only 50.

The Prime Minister . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c) , WHICH , CO
Which se vztahuje k cel hlavn vt.
Oddluje se vdy rkou.
He gave me no chance, which was unfair.
Nedal mi dnou anci, co nebylo fr.
zapamatuj si
Which se vztahuje k cel vt.
Je ped nm vdy rka.
He is too old, which is a pity.
Je pli star, co je koda.
d) WHAT TO, CO
I didnt understand what he said.
Nerozuml jsem tomu, co ekl.
poznmka
what = something that, all that, the thing that
Did you hear all (that) he said?
Slyel jsi vechno, co kal?
Did you hear what he said?
Slyel jsi, co kal?
Cvien 30.4.Utvote souvt obsahujc vztan vty.

Pouijte what nebo which.
1) They couldnt go with us. It was a pity.

They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) He said something. I didnt catch it.
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) The sun was shining all day long. We didnt expect it.
The sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Judith passed the exam. It surprised me.
Judith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) The boys want something. Give it to them.
Give the boys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) He says he is busy. It means he is going to stay at work
overnight.

He says . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
127
7) You did it. It was right.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you did . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) James helped me. It was nice of him.

James . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) It happened last week. You are not responsible for it.

You are not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) What are we living for? Does anybody know it?

Does anybody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
e) OSTATN VZTAN VTY

both of which, whom
z nich oba
all of which, whom
z nich vichni
few of which, whom
z nich mlo
a few of which, whom
z nich nkolik
most of which, whom
z nich vtina
neither of which, whom
z nich ani jeden(ze dvou)
none of which, whom
z nich dn
each of which, whom
z nich kad
two of which, whom
z nich dva
Lucy has got four brothers, none of whom is married.
Lucy m tyi bratry, z nich dn nen enat.
There are five cars in front of our garage, three of which are
ours.
Ped na gar je pt aut, z nich ti jsou nae.
128
Cvien 30.5. Utvote souvt obsahujc vztan vty.

Pouijte of + which nebo whom.
1) I have three daughters. All of them are students.

I have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Peter wrote two letters. He didnt post them.

Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Jill inherited one million dollars. She gave half of it to
charity.

Jill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Ten students took the exam. No-one passed.

Ten students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) There are several cars at the crossroads. No car is faster
than mine.

There are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31. elov vty

a) KLADN VTY SE STEJNM PODMTEM
1) Vedlej vty elov kladn se asto nahrazuj
elovm infinitivem.
She went to the bank to get some money.
la do banky vyzvednout penze.
He takes yoga lessons to keep fit.
Chod na jgu, aby se udrel v kondici.
Na zatku vty lze infinitiv zeslit vazbou in order to.
In order to do it well we have to be very patient.
Musme bt velmi trpliv, abychom to udlali sprvn.
tahk
elov infinitiv se pouv
u kladnch vt se stejnm podmtem.
Why were you in England?
Pro jsi byl v Anglii?
I was in England to learn English.
Byl jsem v Anglii, abych se uil anglicky.
Cvien 31.1. Odpovzte na otzky.

1) Why did you go to the hairdresser?
HAVE A NEW

HAIRCUT

I went . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Why was she on holiday in Greece?
RELAX

She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) Why are you waiting here?
TALK TO TOM

We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Why does he smoke?
CALM DOWN

He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Why are they going to Stockholm?
PRACTISE THEIR

SWEDISH

They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) Why is John saving money?

BUY A MOTORBIKE
John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Why do you take karate lessons?
DEFEND MYSELF
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Why did Jane put on a sweater?
KEEP WARM
Jane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) Why does Kevin go to so many parties?
FIND A

GIRLFRIEND

Kevin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) Why are you wearing these glasses?
SEE YOU

I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) S modlnmi slovesy pouvme vazbu so that.
She put on glasses so that she could see it.
Nasadila si brle, aby to vidla.
You must learn English so that you can study at Oxford.
Mus se uit anglicky, abys mohl studovat v Oxfordu.
V pedptomnm, ptomnm a budoucm ase nsleduje
sloveso can, will.
V minulm a pedminulm ase nsleduje sloveso could,
would.
b) ZPORN VTY SE STEJNM PODMTEM

1) Pouvme vazbu so as not to. Nelze pout infinitiv bez
tto vazby.
He took a taxi so as not to be late.
Vzal si taxi, aby nepiel pozd.
2) S modlnmi slovesy pouvme vazbu so that.
We booked a table in a restaurant so that we wouldnt
have to wait.
Zamluvili jsme stl v restauraci, abychom nemuseli ekat.
129
They must hurry so that they wont be late.

Musej pospchat, aby nepili pozd.
sloveso cant, wont.
V minulm a pedminulm ase nsleduje sloveso,
couldnt, wouldnt.
c)KLADN I ZPORN VTY S NESTEJNM

PODMTEM
Vedlej vty elov, kter maj podmt odlin od
podmtu vty hlavn, jsou spojeny s hlavn vtou vrazem
so that.
We turned the radio down so that the baby could sleep.
Ztlumili jsme rdio, aby dt mohlo spt.
I wrote him a letter so that he would know why I had
done it.
Napsal jsem mu dopis, aby vdl, pro jsem to udlal.
sloveso will, can, wont, cant.
V minulm, pedminulm ase a kondicionlu nsleduje
sloveso would, could, wouldnt, couldnt.
tahk
Vazba so that + modln sloveso
se pouv u zpornch vt se stejnm
podmtem a u vt s rznmi podmty.
She took a taxi so that she wouldnt be late.
Vzala si taxi, aby nepila pozd.
I cut it myself so that he wouldnt hurt his finger.
Nakrjel jsem to sm, aby se nezl
Cvien 31.2.Utvote souvt s elovmi vtami.

Pouijte vazbu so that.
1) He wants to read books in French, but he cant. That is
why he is learning French.

He is learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
130
2) I wanted to paint the door red, but I couldnt. I didnt

have the red paint.

I bought the red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) They hid behind the tree. They didnt want anybody to
see them.

They hid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) We cant travel round the world this summer. We are
saving money. We want to travel round the world next
summer.

We are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) He is whispering, because he doesnt want to wake up
the baby.

He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) The guide spoke slowly and clearly. She wanted everybody to understand.

The guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) I cant use my hairdryer. Will you have a look at it?

Will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
8) Jim couldnt drive a car. He took extra driving lessons.

Jim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) Lucas lent me his glasses, because I couldnt read the
message.

Lucas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) Mel put on a strange coat. She didnt want anybody to
recognise her.

Mel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I vty s nestejnm podmtem lze krtit infinitivem.
for + pedmt + infinitiv
I have brought it for you to read it.
Pinesl jsem ti to, aby sis to peetl.
32. asov souslednost

asov souslednost je zvislost tvaru slovesa ve vt
pedmtn na tvaru slovesa ve vt hlavn, je-li v ase
minulm, pedminulm nebo podmiovacm zpsobu.
Nejastjm ppadem asov souslednosti je
nepm e.
Pm e
I can help.
Nepm e
She said (that) she could help.
We may come.
They said (that) they might

come.
We must get up
early.
They said (that) they had to get

up early.
POSUN AS
Pm e
PTOMN PROST
Nepm e
MINUL PROST
PTOMN PRBHOV
MINUL PRBHOV
PEDPTOMN
PROST
PEDMINUL PROST
PEDPTOMN
PRBHOV
PEDMINUL
PRBHOV
MINUL PROST
PEDMINUL PROST
MINUL PRBHOV
PEDMINUL
PRBHOV
WILL
WOULD
CAN
MAY
MUST
WOULD
WOULD HAVE
COULD
MIGHT
HAD TO
Pm e
I am at home.
I often eat out.
Nepm e
He said (that) he was at home.
She said (that) she often ate out.
He is writing letters.
She said (that) he was writing

letters.
They have bought

a new car.
I said (that) they had bought

a new car.
We have been
waiting for an hour.
They told us (that) they had

been waiting for an hour.
I went to work by
bus.
She said (that) she had gone to

work by bus.
She was having a

bath.
He said (that) she had been

having a bath.
He will do it for you.
She told me (that) he would do

it for me.
I would do the same. He said (that) he would have

done the same.
tahk
PM E
am, is

are

go

have gone
went

will

can

may

must

NEPM E
was
were
went
had gone
had gone
would
could
might
had to
Cvien 32.1. Utvote nepmou e.

1) They are still standing there.

Jack told us (that) they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Mr Knight left his wife.

Fiona said (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) I have never seen it before.

Julia told me (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) The Smiths will go on holiday without their children.

Peter asked the Parkers if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) She is going to travel after she finishes school.

She said (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) We are leaving on Tuesday.

They informed us (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) If we see him, we will tell him about it.

They promised (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
131
8) I dont smoke any more.

She told him (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) We will be there on time.

They said (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) I have almost finished it.

He informed them (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11) Kim has never been to Japan.

Kim told me (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12) I am sure he will be late again.

She said (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13) We have been learning English for ages.

They said (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14) It will be better.

They hoped (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15) She may come with us.

They told us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
today
tonight
tomorrow
yesterday
last week
ago
this
these
here
now
next week
come
Zmna nkterch vraz

that day
that night
the next day, the following day
the day before, the previous day
the week before, the previous week
before
that
those
there
then, at that time
the next week, the following week
go
I will do it today. Udlm to dnes.

He said (that) he would it that day. ekl, e to udl t den.
He said (that) he would it today. ekl, e to udl dnes.
132
zapamatuj si
now
today
tomorrow
yesterday
this
these
next
then, at that time

that day
the next day, the following day
the day before, the previous day
that
those
the next
Cvien 32.2.Utvote nepmou e.

Zmte tun vytitn vrazy.
1) I dont know this girl.

Jim said (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) We will do it tomorrow.

They promised (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) I lost my passport yesterday.

Hannah told me (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) We dont like these buildings.

They said (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) I am working today.

He told his wife (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) Its here.

He told me (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) They will arrive next week.

They informed their friends (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) I will wait here until you ask me to leave.

I told them (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) We werent there last week, we were there three
weeks ago.

They said (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10) We are going to the disco tonight.

The children told their parents (that) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NEPM OTZKA
Pravidla o asov souslednosti plat u nepmch otzek.
Viz kapitola 23. e) Nepm otzka na stran 106
10) Were they on holiday in Spain or in Greece?

Their colleagues asked them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PRAVIDLA O ASOV SOUSLEDNOSTI NEPLAT

odkaz
Prostudujte si znovu kapitolu 23. e)
Nepm otzka na stran 106
Are you leaving on Monday or on Tuesday?

She asked him if he was leaving on Monday or on
Tuesday.
Did he bring it?
They asked me if he had brought it.
Cvien 32.3. Utvote nepm otzky.

1) Where did you meet your husband?

John asked me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Why are they leaving?

I didnt want to ask them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3) What are you going to do about it?

The question was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4) Can he speak Spanish?

No-one knew if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5) Has Jane ever said anything interesting?

He doubted if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6) Are you interested in classical music?

The woman asked the man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7) Does Lucas go to work by car?

They asked Lucas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8) Do you like horror films?

She asked him . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9) When will you be back?

They wanted to know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a) u obecn platnch tvrzen

The sun rises in the east.
The boy didnt know (that) the sun rises in the east.
b) je-li udna pesn doba v minulosti
All students knew (that) the war broke out in 1939.
c) should se nemn
d) must se mn podle vznamu
Must se nemn u trvalho pkazu, respektive zkazu
(mustnt).
You mustnt smoke here.
They said (that) we mustnt smoke there.
ekli, e tam nesmme kouit.
ale
He said (that) he had to do it quickly.
ekl, e to mus udlat rychle.
e) u zdvoilch dost se ptomn kondicionl nemn
Would you help me?
Pomohl bys mi?
I asked him if he would help me.
Zeptal jsem se ho, zda by mi pomohl.
f) podmnkov vty typu 2 a 3 se nemn
If I knew it, I wouldnt ask.
He said (that) if he knew it, he wouldnt ask.
Test 10
1) If he . . . . . . . her, he will give it to her.

A) will see
B) see
C) sees
D) saw
2) If only we . . . . . . . there with you last night.

A) were
B) have been C) are
D) had been
133
3) He gave me no information . . . . . . . didnt surprise me

at all.

A) , what
B) , which
C) , that
D) that
4) I will lend you my glasses . . . . . . . it.

A) so that you can read
B) in order to read

C) so that you could read D) so that you read it
5) Did you understand why they . . . . . . . to Italy by bus,
not by plane?

A) go
B) have gone C) are going D) had gone
6) They wont come unless you . . . . . . . them.

A) invite
B) will invite

C) dont invite
D) wont invite
7) Its raining and raining. If only it . . . . . . .

A) stop
B) stopped

C) will stop
D) would stop
8) Did you understand . . . . . . . he said?

A) all what B) what
C) that
D) which
10) The man at the station asked me . . . . . . .

A) what time is it
B) what time it is

C) what time was it
D) what time it was
11) If they . . . . . . . me yesterday, they would know it.

A) contact
B) have contacted

C) contacted
D) had contacted
12) Julia will be jogging while her boyfriend . . . . . . . lunch.

A) will be preparing
B) is preparing

C) prepare
D) will prepare
D) didnt
14) The cinema . . . . . . . has been knocked down.

A) in which we first met
B) which we first met

C) we met first
D) in that we first met
134
16) Paul told me he . . . . . . . sushi before.

A) has never eaten
B) had never eaten

C) didnt ever eat
D) doesnt eat
17) If he . . . . . . ., I wont wait.

A) was late

C) will be late
B) is late
D) would be late
18) I cant speak French. I wish I . . . . . . .

A) would
B) will
C) could
19) Jim is jogging . . . . . . . fit.

A) so that to keep

C) so that he would keep
9) Jane sent me an email . . . . . . . the date of her arrival.

A) so that let me know
B) so let me know

C) to let me know
D) let me know
13) He is so unreliable. If only he . . . . . . .

A) isnt
B) doesnt
C) wasnt
15) We asked the hotel service to wake us up . . . . . . . .

A) not to oversleep

B) so that we cant oversleep

C) to not oversleep

D) so that we wouldnt oversleep
D) can
B) to keep
D) to have kept
20) They told us they . . . . . . . do it for us if we . . . . . . . them.

A) will, ask
B) would, ask

C) will, asked
D) would, asked
Ploha
NEPRAVIDELN SLOVESA
Infinitiv
be
beat
become
begin
bend
bet
bite
blow
break
bring
build
buy
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
do
Minul as
was, were
beat
became
began
bent
bet
bit
blew
broke
brought
built
bought
caught
chose
came
cost
cut
did
Pest min.
been
beaten
become
begun
bent
bet
bitten
blown
broken
brought
built
bought
caught
chosen
come
cost
cut
done
esky
bt
bt, tlouci
stt se
zat
ohnout
szet
kousat
foukat
zlomit
pinst
postavit
koupit
chytat
vybrat si
pijt
stt
ezat, sthat
dlat
draw
drew
drawn
thnout,
kreslit
drink
drive
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
fly
forget
forgive
freeze
get
give
go
drank
drove
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
flew
forgot
forgave
froze
got
gave
went
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
flown
forgotten
forgiven
frozen
got
given
gone
pt
dit
jst
padat
krmit
ctit se
bojovat
najt
ltat
zapomenout
odpustit
mrznout
dostat
dt
jt
grow
grew
grown
rst,
pstovat
have
hear
hide
had
heard
hid
had
heard
hidden
mt
slyet
schovat (se)
Infinitiv
hit
hold
hurt
keep
kneel
know
lay
lead
learn
Minul as
hit
held
hurt
kept
knelt
knew
laid
led
learnt
Pest min.
hit
held
hurt
kept
knelt
known
laid
led
learnt
esky
zashnout
dret
zranit
dret
kleet
vdt
poloit
vst
uit se
leave
left
left
opustit,
nechat
lend
let
lie
lose
make
lent
let
lay
lost
made
lent
let
lain
lost
made
pjit
nechat
leet
ztratit
dlat
mean
meant
meant
mnit,
znamenat
meet
met
met
setkat se,
potkat
pay
put
read
ride
ring
rise
run
say
see
sell
send
set
sew
shine
shoot
shut
sing
sit
sleep
speak
paid
put
read
rode
rang
rose
ran
said
saw
sold
sent
set
sewed
shone
shot
shut
sang
sat
slept
spoke
paid
put
read
ridden
rung
risen
run
said
seen
sold
sent
set
sewn
shone
shot
shut
sung
sat
slept
spoken
platit
poloit
st
jezdit
zvonit
povstat
bhat
ci
vidt
prodat
poslat
umstit
t
svtit
stlet
zavt
zpvat
sedt
spt
mluvit
135
Infinitiv
Minul as
Pest min.
esky
spend
spent
spent
strvit,
utratit
stand
steal
swim
take
teach
tell
think
throw
understand
wake
stood
stole
swam
took
taught
told
thought
threw
understood
woke
stood
stolen
swum
taken
taught
told
thought
thrown
understood
woken
stt
krst
plavat
vzt
uit
ci
myslet
hzet
rozumt
vzbudit
wear
wore
worn
nosit na
sob
win
write
won
wrote
won
written
vyhrt
pst
136
Kl
1.1.
boyfriend
lion
hero
emperor
uncle
waiter
actor
tsar
duke
headmaster
girlfriend
lioness
heroine
empress
aunt
waitress
actress
tsarina
duchess
headmistress
1.2.
Jednotn slo
loaf
tomato
sheep
disco
watch
boy
family
roof
means
grandchild
Englishman
foot
hero
medium
aircraft
leaf
ox
woman
crossroads
life
kiss
series
goose
chief
box
1.3.
1) are
2) is
3) are
4) is
5) are
Mnon slo
loaves
tomatoes
sheep
discos
watches
boys
families
roofs
means
grandchildren
Englishmen
feet
heroes
media
aircraft
leaves
oxen
women
crossroads
lives
kisses
series
geese
chiefs
boxes
6) is
7) are
8) is
9) is
10) are
11) are
12) is
13) are
14) are
15) is
1.4.
Poitateln
flower
bottle
slice
loaf
piano
radio
suitcase
bag
newspaper
item
Nepoitateln
importance
flour
money
wine
water
bread
cheese
music
luggage
news
1.5.
1)E)
3) B)
2) D)
1.6.
1) an
2) some
3) some
4) a
5) some
5) C)
6) some
7) a
8) a
9) some
10) some
1.7.
1) Pauls grandfather
2) girls name
3) Tom and Jennys wedding
4) tomorrows newspaper
5) my brothers room
6) childrens books
7) Mr Browns son
8) worlds population
1.8.
1) a, a
2) the, the
3) a, the, the
4) the
5) The, 6) the
7) 8) 9) The, the
10) the, the
4) A)
11) a, a
12) -, 13) The
14) -, a
15) the
16) the
17) -, a
18) the, a
19) a, the
20) the
9) directors office
10) womens rights
11) at grandfathers
12) five minutes walk
13) my sisters room
14) parents bedroom
15) mens clothes
21) the
22) the
23) -, 24) the
25) the
26) -, 27) The
28) the
29) a, the
30) a, the
137
1.9.
1) the United Kingdom
2) the Sahara Desert
3) Lake Ontario
4) Buckingham Palace
5) Oxford Street
6) the Indian Ocean
7) the Swiss Alps
8) the Danube
9) the USA
10) Heathrow
11) the Guardian
12) Europe
13) Westminster Abbey
14) the Houses of Parliament
15) the National Theatre
TEST 1
1) B)
2) C)
3) D)
4) C)
5) A)
6) D)
7) C)
8) A)
9) C)
10) A)
16) the English Channel

17) the Netherlands
18) Etna
19) the Canary Islands
20) the Brave Lion Pub
21) the Rocky Mountains
22) the Tower
23) Lloyds Bank
24) the Middle East
25) the Conservative party
26) the UN
27) Northern America
28) the Bank of England
29) the Mediterranean
30) Trafalgar Square
11) D)
12) B)
13) A)
14) A)
15) C)
16) B)
17) C)
18) B)
19) C)
20) D)
21) D)
22) D)
23) A)
24) D)
25) B)
2.1.
ADJECTIVE
big
large
lazy
crowded
busy
far
sad
fat
amusing
little
bad
lucky
contented
lovely
easy
thin
good
dangerous
safe
advanced
hot
often
wide
narrow
138
COMPARATIVE
bigger
larger
lazier
more crowded
busier
farther / further
sadder
fatter
more amusing
less
worse
luckier
more contented
lovelier
easier
thinner
better
more dangerous
safer
more advanced
hotter
more often
wider
narrower
SUPERLATIVE
the biggest
the largest
the laziest
the most crowded
the busiest
the farthest / the furthest
the saddest
the fattest
the most amusing
the least
the worst
the luckiest
the most contented
the loveliest
the easiest
the thinnest
the best
the most dangerous
the safest
the most advanced
the hottest
the most often
the widest
the narrowest
tiring
funny
slow
interesting
near
wet
more tiring
funnier
slower
more interesting
nearer
wetter
the most tiring

the funniest
the slowest
the most interesting
the nearest
the wettest
2.2.
1) Jim is older than Paul.
2) Fiona isnt as tall as / so Suzy.
3) Are you as good at English as /so your brother?
4) I dont have as / so many as friends you.
5) Jeremy is younger than his wife.
6) A cheetah is faster than a lion.
7) Was it as bad as you expected?
8) Can Paul play squash as well as Charles?
9) We are as busy as last year.
10) This house is more expensive than that one.
2.3.
1) It was much / far / a lot worse than we expected.
2) What is the latest news?
3) My brothet is a little / a bit / a little bit slimmer than my
sister.
4) You are as a good singer as your father.
5) The longer you talk, the less we understand.
6) The sooner, the better.
7) It is by far the best joke I have ever heard.
8) Our new car is much / far / a lot faster but less
comfortable.
9) Are you really as a good goalkeeper as they say?
10) Dont be as silly as her. / she is.
2.4.
1) of
2) of
3) with
4) of
5) to
6) of
7) of
8) of
9) about
10) at
11) of
12) for
13) with
14) with
15) about
2.5.
1) a new black sports car
2) an interesting old French book
3) a big green plastic bag
4) a small white china cup
5) an old Japanese writing desk
6) an antique Swiss wooden clock
7) a modern rectangular glass table
8) a funny big yellow umbrella
9) an interesting tall young man
10) long curly dark hair
16) of
17) with
18) of
19) to
20) to
2.6.
1) surprising
2) confused
3) excited
4) disgusting
5) interested
TEST 2
1) C)
2) D)
3) B)
4) A)
5) C)
6) D)
7) C)
8) B)
9) A)
10) D)
3.1.
1) her
2) theirs
3) them
4) us
5) our
6) amazing
7) tired
8) disappointing
9) bored
10) confusing
3.6.
1) Which
2) What
3) Which
4) What
5) Whose
6) What
7) Who
8) What
9) Who
10) What
11) D)
12) A)
13) A)
14) B)
15) D)
3.7.
1) anything
2) some
3) any
4) any
5) Anything
6) nothing
7) nobody / no-one
8) somebody / someone
9) somewhere
10) no
3.8.
1) both
2) neither
3) all
4) every
5) else
6) ones
7) Either
8) none
9) one
10) each
16) B)
17) C)
18) B)
19) D)
20) A)
6) his
7) its
8) mine
9) yours
10) ours
3.2.
1) I saw a friend of yours last night.
2) Jim took a pen of mine by mistake.
3) A fan of theirs called them a week ago.
4) We were there with three friends of ours.
5) Lucas is having dinner with a girlfriend of his.
3.9.
1) another
2) the other
3) others
4) other
5) the others
3.3.
1) Do you like these houses?
2) Are those books yours?
3) Excuse me, are these your suitcases?
4) These men are weird.
5) Those girls are my best friends.
3.10.
1) much
2) little
3) a little
4) many
5) a few
3.4.
TEST 3
1) C)
2) B)
3) D)
4) A)
5) C)
myself
it
itself
you
yourself
we
ourselves
he
himself
you
yourselves
she
herself
they
themselves
3.5.
1) each other
2) yourself
3) yourselves
4) herself
5)
6) each other
7) yourself
8) each other
9)
10) itself
6) much
7) little
8) a few
9) few
10) a little
6) A)
7) C)
8) B)
9) B)
10) A)
11) C)
12) A)
13) D)
14) A)
15) C)
16) B)
17) C)
18) A)
19) C)
20) B)
4.1.
1) thirteen
2) thirty
3) seventy-eight
4) ninety-eight
5) fifteen
6) fifty-one
7) forty-three
8) eight hundred and ninety-seven
9) six thousand two hundred and fifty-nine
139
10) eight million nine hundred thousand eight hundred

and twenty
11) twelve
12) twenty
13) one hundred and twenty-nine
14) two point five eight
15) seven million two hundred and sixteen
4.2.
1) the first
2) the twelfth
3) the fifth
4) the fortieth
5) the fifty-fourth
6) the thirty-ninth
7) the seventy-third
8) the twenty-second
9) the fifty-first
10) the second
1st
12th
5th
40th
54th
39th
73rd
22nd
51st
2nd
4.3.
1) B)
6) A)
3) E)
8) G)
2) I)
7) F)
4) H)
9) J)
5) C)
10) D)
4.4.
1) the twenty-sixth of May two thousand (and) six
2) the seventeenth of November nineteen-eighty-nine
3) the fourth of July seventeen-seventy-six
4) the fifteenth of March nineteen-thirty-nine
5) fifteen (hundred) thirty-four
6) sixteen (hundred) twenty
7) fifty-five Before Christ
8) forty-three Anno Domini
9) ten (hundred) sixty-six
10) the third of June nineteen-ninety-eight
4.5.
1) ninety per cent
2) six plus twelve equals (is) eighteen
3) five multiplied by six equals (is) thirty
4) thirty-five divided by seven equals (is) five
5) the square root of sixteen equals (is) four
6) five squared equals (is) twenty-five
5.1.
1) Did
2) was / is / will be
3) does / did
4) Have
5) were
140
6) didnt
7) was
8) has
9) werent
10) are
5.2.
1) Jim has never smoked a cigar.
2) We didnt do it last week, we did it the week before.
3) The girls dont wear skirts to school.
4) It was said at the meeting last Tuesday.
5) I promise, Ill be there in time.
6.1.
1) be able to
2) could
3) can / could
4) to be able to
5) been able to
6) be able to
7) were able to
8) Can / Could
9) be able to
10) cant
6.2.
1) been allowed to
2) May
3) will be allowed to
4) werent allowed to
5) be allowed to
6) to be allowed to
7) may / might
8) wasnt allowed to
9) may / might
10) May
6.3.
1) had to
2) will have to
3) had to
4) must
5) dont have to / wont have to
6.4.
1) mustnt
2) must
3) neednt
4) neednt
5) mustnt
6) didnt have to
7) must
8) have to
9) had to
10) have to
6) mustnt
7) must
8) neednt, must
9) mustnt
10) neednt
6.5.
1) Fiona must be still working.
2) They may / might have been sick.
3) He may / might not have seen her.
4) Jack must be hungry.
5) You must be joking.
6) It cant have been true.
7) You must have left your purse at home.
8) You cant be serious.
9) They may / might be waiting in another place.
10) He must have taken it by mistake.
6.6.
1) Shall I lend
2) Shall I answer
3) Shall I help
4) shall we meet
5) Shall I open
6) Shall we go
7) Shall I get
8) Shall I turn
9) shall we invite
10) shall I wear
6.7.
1) He should be wearing a helmet.
2) They shouldnt have gone there without a guide.
They should have gone there with a guide.
3) She shouldnt have been late.
4) You should have gone to bed early last night.
5) I should have asked the way.
6) He shouldnt post it.
6.8.
1) used to be slim. /
/ didnt use to be fat.
2) didnt use to smoke
3) used to go out
4) used to live
5) used to have
6) used to walk
7) used to meet
8) used to listen
9) didnt use to travel
10) didnt use to wear
7.2.
1) ? Does he go to the theatre once a month? / How
often does he go to the theatre?
He doesnt go to the theatre once a month.

2) ? Do they live in the country? / Where do they live?
They dont live in the country.

3) ? Does it often rain in England? / How often does it
rain in England?
It doesnt often rain in England.

4) ? Does Paul like tea with milk? / What does Paul like?
Paul doesnt like tea with milk.

5) ? Do Jim and Bob watch TV in the evening? / When
do Jim and Bob watch TV?
Jim and Bob dont watch TV in the evening.

7.3.
1) sitting
2) studying
3) having
4) skiing
5) smoking
6) playing
7) getting
8) forgetting
9) leaving
10) living
11) travelling
12) stopping
13) coming
14) carrying
15) beginning
6.9.
1) sleeping
2) drink
3) having
4) live
5) eating
6) meeting
7) go
8) walking
9) have
10) living
6.10.
1) d better leave
2) d rather wait
3) d rather stay
4) d better take
5) d better not tell
6) d better put on
7) d better ask
8) d better study
9) d rather go
10) d better do
7.4.
1) Why are Tom and Paola waiting in front of the house?
2) I dont understand what you mean.
3) What does Jane do on Saturdays?
4) How often does it snow in your country?
5) Are you still reading the book by Ian Mc Ewan?
6) What is happening?
7) Jamie doesnt play tennis with us.
8) When do the Smiths go to the mountains?
9) Does Robin want to go shopping with her?
10) I am not playing squash with Sarah tonight.
TEST 4
1) C)
2) B)
3) D)
4) D)
5) A)
11) D)
12) A)
13) B)
14) A)
15) D)
7.5.
1) is shouting
2) isnt raining
3) misses
4) is missing
5) am having
7.1.
1) goes
2) watches
3) carries
4) plays
5) flies
6) B)
7) A)
8) C)
9) B)
10) A)
6) studies
7) does
8) finishes
9) tries
10) has
16) C)
17) B)
18) D)
19) B)
20) C)
11) is
12) kisses
13) prays
14) wishes
15) buys
8.1.
1) dropped
2) studied
3) changed
4) knitted
5) looked
6) am flying
7) watch, are listening
8) is making
9) is getting
10) speaks
6) listened
7) preferred
8) loved
9) played
10) visited
11) travelled
12) married
13) asked
14) was, were
15) stayed
141
8.2.
esky
bt
bt, tlouci
chytat
mrznout
rozumt
padat
plavat
zvonit
ctit se
kousat
vyhrt
leet
uit
pijt
dit
platit
ci
ci
jst
pt
povstat
zashnout
dret
stt se
hzet
stlet
vzbudit
foukat
vybrat si
ztratit
Infinitiv
be
beat
catch
freeze
understand
fall
swim
ring
feel
bite
win
lie
teach
come
drive
pay
tell
say
eat
drink
rise
hit
hold
become
throw
shoot
wake
blow
choose
lose
Minul as
was, were
beat
caught
froze
understood
fell
swam
rang
felt
bit
won
lay
taught
came
drove
paid
told
said
ate
drank
rose
hit
held
became
threw
shot
woke
blew
chose
lost
Pest minul
been
beaten
caught
frozen
understood
fallen
swum
rung
felt
bitten
won
lain
taught
come
driven
paid
told
said
eaten
drunk
risen
hit
held
become
thrown
shot
woken
blown
chosen
lost
8.3.
1) Who did Kim meet last night?
2) Where did they see the film?
3) What did Jim put on the desk?
4) Why did Jessica shut the window?
5) When / What time did Charles wake up yesterday?
6) How many melons did you buy?
7) What did they play in the morning?
8) Where did you find the glasses?
9) What did she make?
10) Why did they do it?
8.4.
1) They didnt choose the red ball.
2) She didnt lend me the book.
3) Ruth didnt do the homework at school.
4) Peter didnt write me a letter.
5) I didnt feel tired.
6) John didnt sleep well last night.
142
7) We didnt want to meet them at the party.

8) Vicky didnt drink only beer.
9) We didnt understand why they did it.
10) She didnt get lost.
8.5.
1) I was washing up while my husband was reading
a newspaper. / I was reading a newspaper while my
husband was washing up.
2) What were you doing at 7?
3) Was it raining when he arrived?
4) Dorothy wasnt wearing a dress yesterday.
5) We were having dinner when you phoned.
8.6.
1) was shining, arrived
2) was waiting, started
3) met, was wearing
4) happened, were driving
5) broke, was skiing
TEST 5
1) D)
2) B)
3) A)
4) D)
5) A)
6) were doing, saw

7) were playing, hit
8) were listening, fell
9) was having
10) were driving, stopped
6) B)
7) C)
8) B)
9) C)
10) D)
9.1.
1) seen
2) waited
3) had
4) lost
5) brought
6) broken
7) hit
8) sung
9) thought
10) eaten
11) B)
12) A)
13) B)
14) B)
15) C)
11) spoken
12) sold
13) fallen
14) felt
15) done
16) gone
17) bought
18) known
19) got
20) kept
9.2.
1) has cleaned
2) has painted
3) have gone
4) has stopped
5) has broken
9.3.
1) have known
2) have
3) havent seen
4) met, have been
16) C)
17) C)
18) A)
19) A)
20) B)
21) stopped
22) given
23) risen
24) fought
25) hidden
26) woken
27) hurt
28) stolen
29) written
30) chosen
6) have bought
7) have lost
8) has left
9) has left
10) have told
5) have you had

6) has (s) happened, broke
7) wrote
8) hasnt arrived
9) did it happen
10) has never smoked
11) Have you ever eaten
12) has been, returned
13) have never been to,

were in
14) have spent
15) Is, has been
9.4.
1) has been raining, woke up
2) has been standing
3) Have you been waiting
4) has been crying, heard
5) Have you been running
6) has been doing, graduated
7) has been teaching
8) has Tom been going out
9) Are the children still sleeping
10) have been repairing
9.5.
1) has drunk
2) have just moved
3) have been working
4) has gone
5) have you been learning
6) learnt
7) have already read
8) have been sunbathing
9) have just bought
10) has drawn
10.1.
1) had already had
2) had been invited
3) had broken into
4) had already started
5) hadnt flown /
/ had never flown
6) had been
7) had gone
8) had left
9) had just washed
10) hadnt seen /
/ had never seen
10.2.
1) had been working, retired
2) had been raining, arrived
3) had been playing, started
4) was, had been working
5) had, had been driving
6) got, had been waiting
7) had been speaking, realised
8) had been listening, realised, had heard
9) had been sleeping, came
10) had never smoked, smoked
11.1.
1) will be skiing
2) am going to
make
3) am playing
4) will take
5) are you doing
6) will pass
7) is going to cry

8) does our bus
leave
9) will post
10) are flying
11) am going to
read
12) wont tell

13) are having,
Will you come

14) is going to
listen
15) will be sitting
11.2.
1) will
2) be passing
3) are you going to
4) will help
5) is going to
6) starts
7) am going to
8) will
9) am going to
10) will
12.1.
1) will have been learning
2) will have finished
3) will have bought
4) will have been working
5) will have been
6) will have prepared

7) will have saved
8) will have been learning
9) will have been living
10) will have left
TEST 6
1) B)
2) D)
3) B)
4) C)
5) A)
11) A)
12) C)
13) B)
14) D)
15) A)
6) C)
7) B)
8) D)
9) B)
10) D)
13.1.
1) is there
2) was it
3) will you
4) arent I
5) did they
6) havent you
7) will you
8) shall we
9) do you
10) has he
11) didnt I
12) hasnt she
13) need he
14) will they
14.1.
1) am thinking
2) smells
3) feel
4) is having
5) need, am thinking
15.1.
1) meeting
2) flying, going
3) getting
4) being
5) having to
6) eating
15.2.
1) for being
2) on passing
3) from leaving
4) of being
5) of stealing
16) D)
17) D)
18) C)
19) C)
20) B)
15) would you

16) are they
17) dont you
18) should she
19) doesnt he
20) dont we
6) tastes
7) is seeing
8) is she smelling
9) dont think, is thinking
10) smells, tastes
7) smoking
8) standing, sitting
9) stealing, taking /
/ taking, stealing
10) swimming
6) on paying
7) from going
8) for asking
9) of not being
10) to seeing
143
15.3.
1) cleaning / to be cleaned
2) laughing
3) telling / having told
4) to call
5) working
15.4.
1) C)
6) A)
2) H)
7) G)
3) D)
8) F)
6) skiing
7) (to) move
8) to announce
9) locking
10) windsurfing
4) I)
9) J)
5) E)
10) B)
15.5.
1) Having said all he wanted, he left without saying
goodbye.
2) It has stopped raining and started snowing.
3) She forgot lending / having lent me money.
4) I remember shutting / having shut the window.
Its no use going back.
5) Would you mind turning the radio down?
6) They suspect him of taking drugs.
7) I look forward to seeing you soon.
8) Excuse me for being late.
9) I cant stand being told what to do.
10) Our flat needs decorating / to be decorated.
16.1.
1) makes, feel
2) let, do
3) made, cry
4) make, do
5) made, to open
6) d better not leave

7) didnt hear, come
8) lets, talk
9) d rather not tell
10) made to speak
16.2.
1) She seems to be leaving.
2) The company seems to have had a pre tax profit
of 10 million pounds.
3) Ben seems to have lost his wallet on the bus.
4) They seemed not to have heard it before.
5) Suzy seems to have a lot of friends.
16.3.
1) He is known to be a good singer.
2) They are expected to do it tomorrow.
3) She is believed not to have done it.
4) Four people were announced to have been killed
in the storm.
5) His latest book is supposed to be very good.
16.4.
1) She is easy to be with.
2) They are likely to come tomorrow.
3) He was believed to have done it.
144
4) They are difficult to live with.

5) James is said to be staying with Ruth.
6) They are known to have had problems with money
last year.
7) It is thought to have happened many years ago.
8) She is unlikely to come.
9) He seems to be leaving.
10) The water is safe to drink.
11) They seemed to have had a perfect holiday.
12) Jane is sure to pass the exam.
13) He is impossible to talk to now.
14) The company seems to have lost a lot of money
last year.
15) Three people are reported to have been killed
in the accident.
16.5.
1) I want them to understand it.
2) They asked her to excuse them.
3) Why are you telling me not to do it?
4) Do you expect him / her to be back by Saturday?
5) They ordered us not to leave the room.
6) I dont want them to know it.
7) We didnt expect it to be so far.
8) Would you like us to stay here with you?
9) They invited us to join them.
10) Did they really want you to do it?
17.1.
1) It can be seen everywhere.
2) Our house was decorated last month.
3) This matter will never be discussed.
4) These photos were taken in Greece.
5) This work wont have been finished by Monday.
6) Has the house been left unlocked?
7) A very important problem is being discussed
at the moment.
8) English is spoken here.
9) He will never be forgotten.
10) The Prime Minister has been shot.
17.2.
1) Our house is looked after by Mrs Black when we are
abroad.
2) That accident hasnt been spoken about yet.
3) Mr Smith was sent for.
4) This matter will be dealt with soon.
5) I dont like being shouted at.
17.3.
1) I always have my flat cleaned.
2) Joyce had her wallet stolen yesterday.
3) We have just had the heating repaired.

4) I am having my car serviced at the moment.
5) She never has her hair cut.
17.4.
1) He was sent an important letter.
2) She has been shown how to do it.
3) You will be told about it soon.
4) I was asked to wait.
5) The employees are paid weekly.
6) Sam was offered the job.
7) The children are taught to count.
8) We havent been told yet.
9) The police was / were asked for help.
10) How much will you be paid?
TEST 7
1) D)
2) B)
3) A)
4) C)
5) D)
6) D)
7) C)
8) A)
9) A)
10) D)
11) A)
12) B)
13) C)
14) A)
15) C)
16) B)
17) A)
18) D)
19) D)
20) A)
18.1.
1) Dont close it.
2) Lets not leave.
3) Dont shout.
4) Dont worry.
5) Dont open the window.
6) Dont stand up.
7) Dont let him say things like that.
8) Dont let the children talk to strangers.
9) Dont touch it.
10) Dont let him take advantage of you like that.
19.1.
1) making
2) making
3) made
4) made
5) do
6) make
7) to make
8) Make
9) making
20.1.
1) happily
2) cheerfully
3) quietly
4) incredibly
5) financially
10) make
11) do
12) make
13) making
14) made
15) do
16) done
17) make
18) made /
/ have made
19) do
20) done
21) (to) do
22) made
23) makes
24) make
25) make
6) logically
7) lazily
8) straight
9) wholly
10) truly
11) publicly
12) usually
13) fast
14) simply
15) heavily
20.2.
1) hardly, nearly
2) high
3) lately
4) deeply
5) hard
6) highly
7) nearly
8) near
9) hardly
10) good, well
20.3.
1) enough glasses
2) old enough
3) rich enough
4) experienced enough
5) fast enough
6) enough eggs
7) big enough
8) enough dictionaries
9) strong enough
10) enough room
20.4.
1) fast
2) slowly
3) far
4) early
5) quickly
6) late
7) often
8) badly
9) successfully
10) little
faster
more slowly
farther / further
earlier
more quickly
later
more often
worse
more successfully
less
fastest
most slowly
farthest / farthest
earliest
most quickly
latest
most often
worst
most successfully
least
21.1.
1) within
2) except
3) towards
4) during
5) between
6) off
7) by
8) across
9) since
10) into
21.2.
1) over
2) from
3) of
4) at
5) to
6) out of
7) of
8) in
9) on behalf of
10) for
21.3.
1) on
6) in
2) in
7) at
3) at
8) in
4) at
9) at
5) at
10) in
21.4.
1) on
6) at
2) at
7) in
3) in
8) At
4) at
9) on
5) in
10) at, in
TEST 8
1) B)
2) D)
3) A)
4) B)
5) C)
6) C)
7) A)
8) C)
9) D)
10) A)
11) B)
12) D)
13) A)
14) B)
15) C)
16) C)
17) C)
18) B)
19) C)
20) D)
145
22.1.
1) We saw the film at the cinema last night.
2) They spoke about it at school a week ago.
3) Lets meet at 5 tomorrow.
4) He closed the door quietly.
5) It will be announced at the staff meeting next Monday.
6) We called our friends immediately after breakfast.
7) You have met him at school today.
8) Jack goes to work by car every day.
9) Lets go shopping to the supermarket in the evening.
10) I think all students will speak English fluently.
22.2.
1) B)
6) B)
2) A)
7) B)
3) B)
8) A)
4) A)
9) A)
5) B)
10) B)
22.3.
1) You never say you will always love me.
2) He can never remember names. He must always write
them down.
3) We dont usually go out after dinner.
4) He will often travel abroad.
5) Do you ever go to bed before midnight?
6) She is usually tired when she gets home.
7) It often rains in winter there.
8) He seldom has a shower.
9) They will never understand it.
10) Joe is always drinking beer.
22.4.
1) Were there
2) There was / is
3) Will there be
4) There have been
5) There was
6) There has been

7) Is there
8) There have been
9) Will there be
10) There are
22.5.
1) So is
2) Neither does
3) So will
4) Neither did
5) Neither can
6) Neither have
7) So did
8) Neither could
9) So are
10) So would
23.1.
1) Is Paul working today?
2) Can Peter speak English?
3) Have they gone?
4) Did Fiona have a birthday yesterday?
5) Will you be there on time?
6) Were they dancing at 6 yesterday?
7) Will you be lying on the beach this time tomorrow?
8) Does he do it?
146
9) Had they finished it before they left?

10) Does it often snow in England?
23.2.
1) Where are you flying next week?
2) When do you go to Italy?
3) How many languages does Pam speak?
4) What were they cooking?
5) Why does Tom love Lucy?
6) What was Suzy wearing?
7) When / How often did he wear a suit?
8) Who does Jack want to speak to?
9) How often do you go to the cinema?
10) How many children do they have?
11) When did they get married?
12) How is she going to work today?
13) Where is he from?
14) Whose car is it?
15) What were you talking about?
16) Who is Tim looking at?
17) How long have you been waiting here?
18) How many times did they change?
19) How much sugar does he need?
20) How old is she?
21) What was the weather like?
22) Who will they go there with?
23) When was it announced?
24) How do you get / go to work?
25) Where did it happen?
26) Which car do you prefer?
27) What was she looking for?
28) What films do you like watching?
29) How long did it take you to get to London?
30) What does your sister look like?
31) How long will they be able to stay there?
32) How many cigarettes a day does Pat smoke?
33) What lorry is there in front of the house?
34) Why did they do it?
35) Who did Molly say it to?
36) How long had Susan been working for this company
when she retired?
37) Who did Jack and Jill have to speak English with?
38) When will Tom be allowed to drive a car?
39) How many times has Brigit been to Scotland?
40) What time does physics start?
23.3.
1) Dont you like her?
2) Didnt you meet him at the party last week?
3) Isnt she interested in music?
4) Dont you have your own?
5) Hasnt James done it?
23.4.
1) Who saw Fiona?
2) Who did James see?
3) What has Paul got?
4) What did the Smiths have last night?
5) Who lost the key?
6) Who did Frank phone?
7) Who won a million?
8) Who loves Eve?
9) Who has bought a new car?
10) What did the children break?
11) Who agrees with their decision?
12) Who does Jeremy agree with?
13) Who were the boys talking about?
14) Who got lost?
15) Who did Alan marry?
25.1.
1) approval
2) separation
3) loneliness
4) depth
5) suggestion
6) kingdom
7) employee, employer,
employment
8) refusal
9) weakness
10) width
11) meaning
12) freedom
13) friendship
14) assumption
15) strength
23.5.
1) Ask her if she is reading a newspaper.
2) I dont know if they have ever been to Moscow.
3) I dont remember when I first met my wife.
4) Can you tell me how much this skirt costs?
5) Have you any idea where the children are?
6) I dont remember when the bus leaves.
7) Do you know what time the post office opens?
8) Tell me if it is true.
9) Please explain why you did it.
10) Do you know if they broke up?
11) Do you know how much the holiday will cost?
12) They will be wondering where you are.
13) Tell me where Val works.
14) I dont remember what they were talking about.
15) Who knows if they are still together.
24.1.
1) unreliable
2) non-believer
3) irresistible
4) unbelievable
5) impolite
6) inexpensive
7) immoral
8) non-addictive
9) disapprove
10) inexperienced
11) illogical
12) unnatural
13) improbable
14) irregular
15) non-existent
16) dishonest
17) inexhaustible
18) illegible
19) untie
20) incomplete
24.2.
1) decapitate
6) deforest
2) enlarge
7) non-flammable
3) biped
8) reopen
4) misunderstand 9) underage
5) biannual
10) overestimate
11) non-profit
12) enslave
13) misuse
14) bilingual
15) enable
16) improvement
17) attendance
18) removal
19) brotherhood
20) difference
21) wisdom
22) entrance
23) kindness
24) visibility
25) length
26) admiration
27) stupidity
28) election
29) silence
30) accuracy
25.2.
1) spiky
2) childish
3) angry
4) heavenly
5) dangerous
6) famous
7) friendly
8) endless
9) courageous
10) occasional
11) smelly
12) cowardly
13) ambitious
14) political
15) forgetful
16) acceptable
17) foolish
18) bony
19) lovely
20) careless, careful
25.3.
1) tighten
2) memorise
3) shorten
4) simplify
5) economise
6) authorise
7) strengthen
8) justify
9) summarise
10) brighten
26.1.
1) in spite of
2) although
3) At first
4) because of
5) because
6) First
7) in spite of
8) Although
9) because of
10) At first
TEST 9
1) C)
2) D
3) A)
4) D)
5) A)
6) A)
7) C)
8) C)
9) B)
10) C)
11) D)
12) C)
13) A)
14) C)
15) D)
16) C)
17) A)
18) B)
19) D)
20) B)
147
27.1.
1) do, will have to
2) wont come, arent
3) will do, gets
4) meets, will go
5) will never understand, dont listen
6) will miss, doesnt hurry
7) will be, fails
8) will change, is
9) dont feel, will stay
10) is, will be
11) stops, will go
12) eat, will be
13) will go, go
14) will help, ask
15) isnt, will start
27.2.
1) I wont go out tonight in case Jack rings.
2) I wont go for a walk if it rains.
3) You should take a map in case you get lost.
4) Ill give you a ring if I get lost.
5) They are going to install a smoke alarm in case there is
a fire.
6) You should go to the lost property if you lose your
luggage.
7) I will attach a label with my address to my luggage in
case I lose it.
8) Hold on, Ill withdraw some money from the cash
machine in case we need it.
9) I will withdraw some money from my account if there is
some.
10) I will arrange travel insurance in case I get sick in Italy.
27.3.
1) UNLESS
2) UNLESS
3) IF
4) IF
5) IF
6) UNLESS
7) UNLESS
8) IF
9) UNLESS
10) UNLESS
27.4.
1) If I wasnt / werent so busy, I would go out more often.
2) If this car wasnt / werent so expensive, I would buy it.
3) If it wasnt / werent raining, we could go for a walk.
4) If it wasnt / werent serious, I wouldnt bother you.
5) If Paul didnt work shifts, he wouldnt be tired.
6) If we had enough money, we could buy a new camera.
7) If Fiona didnt have to do the same things every day,
she wouldnt be fed up with her job.
8) If I knew it, I wouldnt be asking / ask.
148
9) If the Cunninghams didnt work in the city, they

wouldnt live there.
10) If there was / were something interesting on, I would
watch TV.
27.5.
1) If Fred hadnt missed the bus, he wouldnt have been
late for school.
2) If the road hadnt been wet and slippery, the accident
wouldnt have happened.
3) If they had had a map, they wouldnt have got lost.
4) If mum had been at home, she would have prepared
lunch.
5) If James hadnt got drunk, he wouldnt have lost his key
last night.
6) If I had been told, I would have done it.
7) If the boss hadnt shouted at her, she wouldnt have
got upset.
8) If the man had spoken English, Peter would have
understood.
9) If I had had a camera, I would have taken photos.
10) If there had been some people, somebody would have
called the ambulance.
27.6.
1) hadnt been, wouldnt be
2) would understand, wouldnt have skipped
3) hadnt eaten, wouldnt be
4) wouldnt be starving, had had
5) hadnt left, wouldnt have to
27.7.
1) forgot, would be
2) misses, will have to
3) had gone, wouldnt be
4) had told me, would have gone
5) wont help, asks
6) was / were, would
7) would have taken, had had
8) see, will you
9) would do, won
10) was / were, wouldnt do
28.1.
1) I will wash the dishes before I read the newspaper.
2) Jane is going to travel after she leaves school.
3) John will be cooking while Lucy is sleeping.
4) We will visit Jack when we are in the USA.
5) I wont do the same next time it happens.
6) I will tell you something as soon as he leaves.
7) They will be waiting here until you bring it.
8) You can leave after you finish / have finished it.
9) We will turn off the light before we go to bed.

10) I wont enter the room until you are there.
28.2.
1) We are leaving for London next week. When we are
there, we will see the Tower.
2) I may see Jim next week. If I see him, I will ask him
about it.
3) I might be late this evening. If I am, dont wait for me.
4) They are going on holiday. When they come back, they
will let you know.
5) I want you to join us, but if you dont want to, you
neednt.
29.1
1) I wish I wasnt / werent sick.
2) Jack wishes he didnt have to get up early.
3) If only you were allowed to smoke in here.
4) If only Lucy could speak French.
5) If only you would stop talking.
6) They wish they didnt live in a big city.
7) If only Jack didnt know it.
8) If only Mr Smith could do it.
9) I wish Sam would call me.
10) If only I could move.
8) A vacuum cleaner is a machine that / which cleans

carpets.
9) I heard a song whose words I cant remember.
10) The house that / which was damaged by floods has just
been rebuilt.
30.2.
1) The miniskirt Suzy was wearing was bright pink.
2) The book he is reading is a novel.
3) The people I meet in my job are strange.
4) What is the name of the restaurant we had dinner in?
5) The people Jane was on holiday with are her
colleagues.
6) Do you know the boy who is waiting for you?
7) Mr Harris finally got the job he was trained for.
8) Have you found the key you lost last night?
9) Where is the bottle of Irish whiskey I bought a week
ago?
10) The beautiful girl John is going out with used to be my
wife.
29.2.
1) If only you had helped me.
2) If only they werent at work.
3) He wishes he hadnt drunk so much last night.
4) If only we hadnt left our luggage unattended.
5) If only it would stop snowing. If only it wasnt / werent
snowing.
6) If only my wife wasnt / werent angry with me.
7) If only they hadnt been late.
8) I wish I hadnt made him change his mind.
9) If only the car would start.
10) If only we had been told about it in time.
30.3.
1) Paris, which is the capital of France, lies on the River
Seina.
2) Claire White, who lives on the same floor as me, is an
interpreter.
3) The woman who lives on the same floor as me never
goes out.
4) The sunglasses my father is looking for are lying on the
table.
5) Jeremy Smith, who is Sophias friend, is a lawyer.
6) We looked up the Moon, which was bright that night.
7) Have you seen the girl John is talking to before?
8) We were in the Brave Lion Pub, which Ben
recommended to us.
9) We asked a policeman who was standing nearby for
help.
10) The Prime Minister, who was only 50, was shot down.
30.1.
1) I met an interesting girl whose phone number I dont
remember.
2) The man who answered the phone didnt tell me his
name.
3) Jane has a dog whose name is Spotty.
4) The town where / in which Jack was born is small.
5) The boy who is standing in front of our house looks like
my cousin.
6) Paul works in a factory that / which produces
tractors.
7) Alexander Flemming was a scientist who discovered
penicillin.
30.4.
1) They couldnt go with us, which was a pity.
2) I didnt catch what he said.
3) The sun was shining all day long, which we didnt
expect.
4) Judith passed the exam, which surprised me.
5) Give the boys what they want.
6) He says he is busy, which means he is going to stay at
work overnight.
7) What you did was right.
8) James helped me, which was nice of him.
9) You are not responsible for what happened last week.
10) Does anybody know what we are living for?
149
30.5.
1) I have three daughters, all of whom are students.
2) Peter wrote two letters, neither of which he posted.
3) Jill inherited one million dollars, half of which she gave
to charity.
4) Ten students took the exam, none of whom passed.
5) There are several cars at the crossroads, none of which
is faster than mine.
8) She told him (that) she didnt smoke any more.

9) They said (that) they would be there on time.
10) He informed them (that) he had almost finished it.
11) Kim told me (that) she had never been to Japan.
12) She said (that) she was sure he would be late again.
13) They said they had been learning English for ages.
14) They hoped (that) it would be better.
15) They told us (that) she might come with them.
31.1.
1) I went to the hairdresser to have a new haircut.
2) She was on holiday in Greece to relax.
3) We are waiting here to talk to Tom.
4) He smokes to calm down.
5) They are going to Stockholm to practise their Swedish
6) John is saving money to buy a motorbike.
7) I take karate lessons to defend myself.
8) Jane put on a sweater to keep warm.
9) Kevin goes to so many parties to find a girlfriend.
10) I am wearing these glasses to see you.
32.2.
1) Jim said (that) he didnt know that girl.
2) They promised (that) they would do it the next day /
the following day.
3) Hannah told me (that) she had lost her passport the
day before / the previous day.
4) They said (that) they didnt like those buildings.
5) He told his wife (that) he was working that day.
6) He told me (that) it was there.
7) They informed their friends (that) they would arrive the
next week / the following week.
8) I told them (that) I would wait there until they asked
me to leave.
9) They said (that) they hadnt been there the week
before / the previous week, but they had been there
three weeks before.
10) The children told their parents (that) they were going
to the disco that night.
31.2.
1) He is learning French so that he can read books in
French.
2) I bought the red paint so that I could paint the door
red.
3) They hid behind the tree so that nobody could see
them.
4) We are saving money so that we can travel round the
world next year.
5) He is whispering so that he wont wake up the baby.
6) The guide spoke slowly and clearly so that everybody
could / would understand.
7) Will you have a look at my hairdryer so that I can use it?
8) Jim took extra driving lessons so that he could drive
a car.
9) Lucas lent me his glasses so that I could read the
message.
10) Mel put on a strange coat so that nobody would recognise her.
32.1.
1) Jack told us (that) they were still standing there.
2) Fiona said (that) Mr Knight had left his wife.
3) Julia told me (that) she had never seen it before.
4) Peter asked the Parkers if they would go on holiday
without their children.
5) She said (that) she was going to travel after she
finished school.
6) They informed us (that) they were leaving on Tuesday.
7) They promised (that) if they saw him, they would tell
him about it.
150
32.3.
1) John asked me where I had met my husband.
2) I didnt want to ask them why they were leaving.
3) The question was what I was / we were going to do
about it.
4) No-one knew if he could speak Spanish.
5) He doubted if Jane had ever said anything interesting.
6) The woman asked the man if he was interested in
classical music.
7) They asked Luca s if he went to work by car.
8) She asked him if he liked horror films.
9) They wanted to know when I we would be back.
10) Their colleagues asked them if they had been on
holiday in Spain or on Greece.
TEST 10
1) C)
2) D)
3) B)
4) A)
5) D)
6) A)
7) D)
8) B)
9) C)
10) D)
11) D)
12) B)
13) C)
14) A)
15) D)
16) B)
17) B)
18) C)
19) B)
20) D)

Anglictina V Kostce - Gramatika

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Anglictina V Kostce - Gramatika

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Iva Dostlov

Anglitina v kostce pro S Gramatika

Ploha Nepravideln slovesa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Anglitina v kostce pro S Gramatika

b) rozlien pomoc male, female, boy, girl, man, woman apod.

Zvata a dti bez rozlien pohlav jsou rodu stednho.

Anglitina v kostce pro S Gramatika

Cvien 1.1. Doplte do tabulky ensk rod.

nsleduje sloveso v jednotnm sle: Toms hair is black.

d) mnon slo je toton s jednotnm

e)podstatn jmna pouze v jednotnm sle

f) podstatn jmna pouze v mnonm sle

Anglitina v kostce pro S Gramatika

nsleduje sloveso v jednotnm sle, mme-li na mysli

Cvien 1.2. Utvote mnon slo.

Cvien 1.3. Doplte do vt sloveso is nebo are.

1) The goods . . . . . . . delivered on Mondays.

the boy ten chlapec the boys

ba) ltkov podstatn jmna

Nkter podstatn jmna jsou nepoitateln v jednom

bc)ostatn podstatn jmna

bb) abstraktn podstatn jmna

chocolate a bar of chocolate

Anglitina v kostce pro S Gramatika

Cvien 1.4. Rozdlte podstatn jmna v rmeku na poitateln a nepoitateln.

Cvien 1.5. Piate k sob nsledujc vrazy.

Cvien 1.6. Doplte do vt a / an nebo some.

Je-li podstatn jmno ureno pivlastovacm pdem,

Cvien 1.7. Pelote nsledujc vrazy.

an ped vyslovenou samohlskou

b) len urit the

ped podstatnm jmnem, kter je bl ureno

ped zpodstatnlmi pdavnmi jmny

She became an actress.

msto slovky one

oznaen zstupce celho druhu

Anglitina v kostce pro S Gramatika

the only possibility

je-li podstatn jmno ureno pivlastovacm

nzvy dn, msc, obdob a svtk

Nkter podstatn jmna lze pouvat i se lenem uritm:

to play the piano

jmna dennch jdel

nzvy sport a her

There is a table in the kitchen.

hospital, school, prison, church: Pokud mluvme

Cvien 1.8.Doplte do vt leny a / an, the tam,

d) len u zempisnch nzv a nzv instituc

Anglitina v kostce pro S Gramatika

1) A woman whose job is to bring food to costumers at

3) My grandmother is a believer. She goes to . . . . . . .

Cvien 1.9.Doplte do vraz len the tam,

4) . . . . . . . National Gallery is on . . . . . . . Trafalgar Square.

5) We have been waiting here for . . . . . . .

7) . . . . . . . Rocky Mountains are in . . . . . . . west of . . . . . . .

9) There is . . . . . . . ugly man standing at . . . . . . . end

Anglitina v kostce pro S Gramatika

13) Judith is looking for . . . . . . . job, but its difficult because

17) . . . . . . . Middle East is the area from . . . . . . . eastern

24) . . . . . . English is spoken all over . . . . . . . world.

b) opisem more, the most

a) pponami er, the est

jednoslabin a dvouslabin zakonen nay, -ow, -er,

e)podstatn jmna pouze v jednotnm sle

bc)ostatn podstatn jmna

ped podstatnm jmnem, kter je bl ureno

ped zpodstatnlmi pdavnmi jmny

oznaen zstupce celho druhu

je-li podstatn jmno ureno pivlastovacm

nzvy dn, msc, obdob a svtk

jmna dennch jdel

nzvy sport a her

hospital, school, prison, church: Pokud mluvme

Cvien 1.8.Doplte do vt leny a / an, the tam,

1) A woman whose job is to bring food to costumers at

3) My grandmother is a believer. She goes to . . . . . . .

Cvien 1.9.Doplte do vraz len the tam,

4) . . . . . . . National Gallery is on . . . . . . . Trafalgar Square.

5) We have been waiting here for . . . . . . .

7) . . . . . . . Rocky Mountains are in . . . . . . . west of . . . . . . .

9) There is . . . . . . . ugly man standing at . . . . . . . end

13) Judith is looking for . . . . . . . job, but its difficult because

17) . . . . . . . Middle East is the area from . . . . . . . eastern

24) . . . . . . English is spoken all over . . . . . . . world.

jednoslabin a dvouslabin zakonen nay, -ow, -er,

1) He studied hard, so it is not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . he passed the exam.

1) Peter is . . . . . . . student . . . . . . . all.

5) They bought a(n) . . . . . . . car last month.

2) Is it better . . . . . . . you thought?

6) You look. . . . . . . . What has happened?

3) My brother is hopeless . . . . . . . remembering names.

7) The store will be closed until . . . . . . . notice.

4) His lecture was a little . . . . . . . We didnt understand it.

8) When does . . . . . . . bus to Oxford leave?

9) The book was . . . . . . . than the film.

12) . . . . . . . the children got . . . . . . . the teacher got.

20) It will be expensive. It will cost 1, 000 . . . . . . .

Cvien 3.1.Doplte do vt osobn nebo pivlastovac

1) I have known Lucy for ages but I have never

Cvien 3.2.Pepite nsledujc vty. Pouijte

1) I saw one of your friends last night.

5) Lucas is having dinner with one of his girlfriends.

5) That girl is my best friend.

1) Do you like this house?

Cvien 3.5.Doplte do vt -self / -selves nebo each