Hng dn cch chia IP

Trong qu trnh hc mng, chc hn bn hc v cch chia a ch IP. Tuy nhin,

cch chia IP rt d qun. V vy mnh xin gii thiu v cch tnh IP ca mnh, mong
c s ng gp kin t cc bn.
1. Chia IP lp C :
1A. Chia 192.168.10.0 / 24 thnh 2 mng con
Bc 1 Xc nh s bit cn ly : 2^1 = 2 mng
- Ta ly 1 bit t HostID cho NetID :
192.168.10.0 / 24
255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ta ly bit v tr th 7
- i vi lp C : ta c 24 bit cho NetID v 8 bit cho HostID.
- Ta ly 1 bit HostID nn s bit cn li HostID l 7 bit.
- Ta c s bit NetID l 25 bit.
Bc 2 Xc nh s host mi mng :
S host = 2^s bit cn li ca HostID
- S host mi mng l : 2 ^ 7 = 128 host ( bao gm a ch mng v broadcast )
- S host thc l : 128 2 ( tr i a ch u l a ch mng
v a ch cui l broadcast)
Bc 3 Xc nh dy IP :
- V ly i 1 bit nn s bit cn li hostID l 7 : => 2^7 = 128. (mi ln cng thm 128)
- Ta c dy IP l : ( 25bit )
Network Range Broadcast
192.168.10.0 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.126 192.168.10.127

192.168.10.128 192.168.10.129 192.168.10.254 192.168.10.255

Bc 4 Xc inh subnet masks:
- Subnet masks ban u c 24 bit :
255.255.255.0 => 11111111.11111111.11111111. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- Ta ly i 1 bit :
11111111.11111111.11111111. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- Ta c :
1*2^7 + 0*2^6 + 0*2^5 + 0*2^4 + 0*2^3 + 0*2^2 + 0*2^1 + 0*2^5 = 128
- Kt qu : 255.255.255.128 / 25
1B. Chia 192.168.10.0 / 24 thnh 4 mng con
Bc 1 Xc nh s bit cn ly : 2^2 = 4 mng
- Ta ly 1 bit t HostID cho NetID :
192.168.10.0 / 24
255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ta ly bit v tr th 7,6
- i vi lp C : ta c 24 bit cho NetID v 8 bit cho HostID.
- Ta ly 2 bit HostID nn s bit cn li HostID l 6 bit.
- Ta c s bit NetID l 26 bit.
Bc 2 Xc nh s host mi mng :
S host = 2^s bit cn li ca HostID
- S host mi mng l : 2 ^6 = 64 host ( bao gm a ch mng v broadcast )
- S host thc l : 64 2 ( tr i a ch u l a ch mng
v a ch cui l broadcast)
Bc 3 Xc nh dy IP :
- V ly i 2 bit nn s bit cn li hostID l 6 : => 2^6 = 64. (mi ln cng thm 64)
- Ta c dy IP l : ( 26bit )
Network Range Broadcast
192.168.10.0 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.62 192.168.10.63
192.168.10.64 192.168.10.65 192.168.10.126 192.168.10.127
192.168.10.128 192.168.10.129 192.168.10.190 192.168.10.191
192.168.10.192 192.168.10.193 - 192.168.10.254 192.168.10.255
Bc 4 Xc inh subnet masks:
- Subnet masks ban u c 24 bit :
255.255.255.0 => 11111111.11111111.11111111. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- Ta ly i 1 bit :
11111111.11111111.11111111. 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
- Ta c :
1*2^7 + 1*2^6 + 0*2^5 + 0*2^4 + 0*2^3 + 0*2^2 + 0*2^1 + 0*2^5 = 192
- Kt qu : 255.255.255.192 / 26
2. Chia IP lp B :

2A. Chia 172.16.0.0 / 16 thnh 2 mng con

Bc 1 Xc nh s bit cn ly : 2^1 = 2 mng
- Ta ly 1 bit t HostID cho NetID :
172.16.0.0 / 16
255.255.0.0 11111111.11111111. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ta ly bit v tr th 7
- i vi lp B : ta c 16 bit cho NetID v 16 bit cho HostID.
- Ta ly 1 bit HostID nn s bit cn li HostID l 15 bit.
- Ta c s bit NetID l 17 bit.
Bc 2 Xc nh s host mi mng :
S host = 2^s bit cn li ca HostID
- S host mi mng l : 2^15 = 32768 ( bao gm a ch mng v broadcast )
- S host thc l : 2^15 2 ( tr i a ch u l a ch mng
v a ch cui l broadcast)
Bc 3 Xc nh dy IP :
- V ly i 1 bit nn s bit cn li hostID l 7 : => 2^7 = 128. (mi ln cng thm 128)
(tnh trong tng obtain)
- Ta c dy IP l : ( 25bit )
Network Range Broadcast
172.16.0.0 172.16.0.1 172.16.127.254 172.16.127.255
172.16.128.0 172.16.128.1 172.16.255.254 172.16.255.255
Bc 4 Xc inh subnet masks:
- Subnet masks ban u c 16 bit :
255.255.0.0 => 11111111.11111111. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- Ta ly i 1 bit :
11111111.11111111. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- Ta c :
1*2^7 + 0*2^6 + 0*2^5 + 0*2^4 + 0*2^3 + 0*2^2 + 0*2^1 + 0*2^5 = 128
- Kt qu : 255.255.128.0 / 17
2B. Chia 172.16.0.0 / 16 thnh 8 mng con
Bc 1 Xc nh s bit cn ly : 2^3 = 8 mng
- Ta ly 3 bit t HostID cho NetID :
172.16.0.0 / 16
255.255.0.0 11111111.11111111. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ta ly bit v tr th 7, 6, 5
- i vi lp B : ta c 16 bit cho NetID v 16 bit cho HostID.
- Ta ly 3 bit HostID nn s bit cn li HostID l 13 bit.
- Ta c s bit NetID l 19 bit.
Bc 2 Xc nh s host mi mng :
S host = 2^s bit cn li ca HostID
- S host mi mng l : 2^ 13 = 8192 ( bao gm a ch mng v broadcast )

- S host thc l : 2^13 2 ( tr i a ch u l a ch mng

v a ch cui l broadcast)
Bc 3 Xc nh dy IP :
- V ly i 3 bit nn s bit cn li hostID l 5 : => 2^5 = 32. (mi ln cng thm 32)
(tnh trong tng obtain)
- Ta c dy IP l : ( 25bit )
Network Range Broadcast
172.16.0.0 172.16.0.1 172.16.31.254 172.16.31.255
172.16.32.0 172.16.32.1 172.16.63.254 172.16.63.255
172.16.64.0 172.16.64.1 172.16.127.254 172.16.127.255
172.16.128.0 172.16.128.1 172.16.159.254 172.16.159.255
172.16.160.0 172.16.160.1 172.16.191.254 172.16.191.255
172.16.192.0 172.16.192.1 172.16.223.254 172.16.223.255
172.16.224.0 172.16.224.1 172.16.255.254 172.16.255.255
Bc 4 Xc inh subnet masks:
- Subnet masks c 16 bit : 11111111.11111111. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- Ta ly i 3 bit 11111111.11111111. 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- Nn 1*2^7 + 1*2^6 + 0*2^5 + 1*2^4 + 0*2^3 + 0*2^2 + 0*2^1 + 0*2^5 = 224
- Kt qu : 255.255.224.0 / 17
3. Chia IP lp A :
3A. Chia 10.0.0.0 / 16 thnh 4 mng con
Bc 1 Xc nh s bit cn ly : 2^2 = 4 mng
- Ta ly 2 bit t HostID cho NetID :
172.0.0.0 / 8
255.0.0.0 11111111. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ta ly bit v tr th 7, 6
- i vi lp B : ta c 8 bit cho NetID v 24 bit cho HostID.
- Ta ly 2 bit HostID nn s bit cn li HostID l 22 bit.
- Ta c s bit NetID l 10 bit.
Bc 2 Xc nh s host mi mng :
S host = 2^s bit cn li ca HostID
- S host mi mng l : 2^ 22 = 4194304 ( bao gm a ch mng v broadcast )
- S host thc l : 2^22 2 ( tr i a ch u l a ch mng
v a ch cui l broadcast)
Bc 3 Xc nh dy IP :
- V ly i 2 bit nn s bit cn li hostID l 6 : => 2^6 = 64. (mi ln cng thm 64)
(tnh trong tng obtain)
- Ta c dy IP l : ( 10bit )
Network Range Broadcast
10.0.0.0 10.0.0.1 10.63.255.254 10.63.255.255
172.64.0.0 10.64.0.1 10.127.255.254 10.127.255.255
172.128.0.0 10.128.0.1 10.191.255.254 10.191.255.255
172.192.0.0 10.192.0.1 10.255.255.254 10.255.255.255

Bc 4 Xc inh subnet masks:

- Subnet masks c 8 bit : 11111111.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- Ta ly i 11111111.1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- Nn 1*2^7 + 1*2^6 + 0*2^5 + 0*2^4 + 0*2^3 + 0*2^2 + 0*2^1 + 0*2^5 = 192
- Kt qu : 255.255.192.0 / 10
4. Supper Subnet CIDR :
- Dng kt hp nhiu subnet khc nhau thnh 1 subnet chung, c th truyn thng c
vi nhau.
- Cch thc hin : theo qui tc 2^1, 2^2, 2^3, 2^4 .. \
- Nu c 2 mng -> qui tc 2^1.
- Nu c 4 mng -> qui tc 2^2
4.A. Cch tnh supper subnet :
- V d : c 8 mng sau y
194.10.1.0 / 24 (255.255.255.0)
194.10.2.0 / 24
194.10.3.0 / 24
194.10.4.0 / 24
194.10.5.0 / 24
194.10.6.0 / 24
194.10.7.0 / 24
194.10.8.0 / 24
- Ta p dng qui tc 2^3. V 2^3 = 8 mng 24 bit 3 = 21 bit
- Nh vy, tt c cc mng trn s c subnet l 21 bit.
24 bit c dng : 255.255.255.0
76543210
11111111.11111111.1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.00000000
Ta b i 3 bit : (tnh t 0 => ta b bit : 0, 1, 2)
Ta c :
2^7 + 2^6 + 2^5 + 2^4 + 2^3 + 2^2 + 2^1 + 2^0 - 2^2 + 2^1 + 2^0 = 248
- Kt qu cui cng : 255.255.248.0 / 21 bit