-----------------------------

///

15

.. 2550

( )
7

()

2550

1.
1.1

1.1.1

1.1.2

1.1.3


1.2
1.2.1

1.2.2

1.2.3

(Dose Limits)

1.2.1 1.2.2

1.2.3.1

400

1.2.3.2

20

1.3
1.3.1 ()

1.3.2

1.3.3

1.4

1.4.1

1.4.2

( , )

2.

2.1 (Kilovoltage,kVp)

2.1.1 (Accuracy)

10 %

2.1.2 (Reproducibility)

5 %

2.2 (Exposure Timer)

2.2.1

10 %

2.2.2

5 %

2.2.3

5
5 %

2.3 (Radiation Output)

2.3.1

5%

2.3.2

(mA)

(Linearity) 10 %

2.3.3

(mAs)


10 %

2.3.4 (Capacitor
Discharge)

2.3.2

2.3.3
2.4 (Filtration)

2.4.1
(Half-value layer : HVL)
1

1 (HVL)

X-ray tube

Minimum

lt
a

H
L

(mm Al)

e
(kVp)
50

1.5

60

1.8

70

2.1

80

2.3

90

2.5

100

2.7

110

3.0

120

3.2

130

3.5

140

3.8

150

4.1

2.5 (Beam Limiting Device)

2.5.1

2.5.2 100
(lux) 1

2.5.3

1%

(Source to Image recepter Distance , SID)

2.5.4 (Beam
Alignment) 3
2.6
(Leakage Radiation)

2.6.1 1


1,000 1

2.7 (Automatic Control of

Exposure : AEC)

2.7.1 AEC
6
600 mAs

2.7.2
5 5 %

2.7.3 0.02

3.

3.1

3.1.1

10 %


3.1.2

5 %
3.2

(Fluoroscopic

Exposure Switch)

3.2.1 - (DeadMan type)

3.2.1.1
3.2.1.2

3.2.1.3

3.3

(Cumulative timing

device)

3.3.1

3.3.2 5

3.3.3

3.3.4
30

3.4

3.4.1
1

3.5

3.5.1

5
5 %

3.5.2 (Absorbed Dose in Air)

2
3
2 (Absorbed dose rate in
air)

(/)
50

100

150

1.

2.

300 .

3. -

300 .

400 .

4.

400 .

3.6

3.6.1

3.6.2

3.7

(High-Contrast Resolution)

3.7.2

20

() 70

4
4

()

(/
)

25

12

25

10

3.8 (Low-Contrast Resolution)

3.8.1

70

6 (1.5

7 (1.0

)
)

* Westmead Test Object

3.9

3.9.1 1


1

1,000

4.

4.1

4.1.1

10 %

4.1.2

5
5 %

4.2
4.2.1

10 %

4.2.2
5

5 %

4.3
4.3.1

5
5 %

4.3.2

(mA)

10%

4.3.3

(mAs)

10 %

4.4

4.4.1
6

()

(intra-oral)

4.5

60

1.5

70

1.5

80

2.3

90

2.5

50

1.5

60

1.8

70

2.1

80

2.3

90

2.5

100

2.7

110

3.0

120

3.2

125

3.3

4.5.1
(Intra-oral Image Receptors)
4.5.1.1

(Open-Ended Type)

4.5.1.2

18

4.5.1.3

4.5.1.4

4.6

4.6.1 1

1,000 1

5.

5.1
5.1.1

5%

5.1.2

5 %
5.2

5.2.1

5 %

5.2.2

2 %
5.3
5.3.1

5
5%

5.3.2

(mA)

10%

5.3.3


(mAs)
10 %

5.3.4 (Mean Glandular

Dose)

5.3.4.1

4.2
50
50 3.0
(mGy)

5.3.4.2
1.0
5.4

5.4.1
(Compression device)
(First HVL)

(1)
..(1)

kVp
kVp
0.03 HVL

c
100
100

= 0.12 / ; 0.19

/ 0.22 /

5.5 (System Resolution)

5.5.1

5.5.2 (Contact)
(magnification)
5.5.2.1

13 /

(line pairs/mm)
5.5.2.2

11 /

5.6

(Compression device)
5.6.1

5.6.2
5.6.3

5.6.4 150 (N)

200 (N)

5.7

(Beam Limitation)
5.7.1

5.7.2 100

5.7.3

1%

5.8

5.8.1

750 mAs

5.8.2
5 5 %

5.8.3

0.15 kVp

5.8.4 1.4

5.9

5.9.1 1


1

1,000

6.

6.1

(Quality Assurance Program)

6.1.1 (QA)

6.1.2

6.1.3

1
6.2

(CT Baseline

Values)

6.2.1
(Baseline values)
(Noise), (mean CT number),
(Uniformity),

(Slice Thickness),
(high
contrast resolution)

(CT Dose Index)


6.2.2

1.

10.0 % 2 HU*

2.

3.

4.

4 HU
HU

1.0
>
2.0

50 %
< 2.0

5.
6.

7.

8.

15

20 %

% Modulation Transfer Function

< 4
r > 0.99

8.

*HU = Hounsfield unit

7.

(Test protocols)
7.1
7.1.1

- (kVp meter)

-
-

kV
m kV
s
100
kV
s

kV s

kV m

7.1.2

- 70 kVp, 20 mAs

(CV)

SD

SD
100
X

SD

x i x 2

i 1

n 1

7.2 (Exposure Timer)

7.2.1

(Exposure Timer Meter)

, ( 70 kVp, 200

mA)
( 0.1 , 0.2 , 0.3,)

-
-

-

T Ts
100
Ts

%
m

Ts
Tm

7.2.2

- 70 kVp, 20 mAs

-
-

5

-
%

(CV)

SD

SD
100
X

SD
X

7.3

x i x 2

i 1

n 1

- 99.5 %
-

- 70 - 100 kVp, mAs

-
-

-
-

-
- 1 - 4

- (HVL)
HVL mmAl

mmAl

mR 1

ln(1 / 2)
ln(mR2 / mR1 )

()

mR 2

()
7.4

7.4.1 (Linearity)

-
mA mAs

- 70 kVp,

, 0.1 70 kVp, mAs

-
mAs

Gy
mAs

; X

mAs

- X mA mAs

-
=
%

X 2 X1
100
X 2 X1

7.4.2

- 70 kVp, 20 mAs

75

-
- 5

-
%

SD

SD
100
X

SD

x i x 2

i 1

n 1

7.5

7.5.1

- 50 kVp,10 mAs

,

-
1%

-
3

7.6

- (Survey Meter)

- , 100 mAs
1 (

-
10 HVL

- 1

-
- 1

-
1,000 /
7.7 (Automatic exposure
control :AEC)

7.7.1 (Backup Timer)

- 2
-

- 50 kVp

- (Control Density)
0

-
-

-
6 600 mAs

- mAs
7.7.2

- 20
2

- ,

- 3
- (Densitometer)

- 80kVp, 200 mAs

-
0
-

80

- ,

- ,
- 2

-
-
, ,

- 5 %
7.7.3

- 24 30

- , 120 kVp , 200 mA

-
- 6

- ,

-
1

-
0.02