CARMEL B.

SABADO
BSCE-5

CE-164
PROF.Allan E. Milano
Timber Excel Program

*note:the boxes in yellow should be inputed by the designer,while blue ones are computed by the program.=)

DESIGN OF PRATT TRUSS

DATA:
Type of wood:
Bending and Tension(Fb)
Shear(Fv)
Compression(Fc)
Modulus of Elasticity(E)
Relative Density(G)
Specific Gravity

pahutan
13.80
1.34
8.14
9100.00
0.55
5.40

LOADINGS:
Wind Pressure
Minimum Roof Live Load
GI roofing
Residential Live Load

0.96
0.80
0.15
2.00

W n2

MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa

kN/m3

kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa

SPACING:
m
m
0.40 m

Purlins
Truss

0.40
2.75

Floor Joist

DESIGN OF PURLINS
DATA:

TRIAL DIMENSION:

Span

12.00 m

Height

2.00 m

Theta,

9.46

150

Live load
Roofing
Purlin weight
W DL+LL

200

I= 1.00E+08 mm

LOADINGS:
Kn/m
0.06 Kn/m
0.16 Kn/m
0.54 Kn/m
0.32

W nt

mm
4

W DL+LL

Load Combinations:
Condition 1: DL + LL
W DL+LL
=

0.53 kN/m

governs!!

Condition 2: DL + LL + WL
W DL+LL+WL =

0.23 kN/m

LOAD COMBINATION:
Windward:
Pn = 1.3(sinq - 0.5)P

-0.27

Pn = -0.5P

-0.48

Wn1 = Pn(Spacing)
Wn1 = Pn(Spacing)
Wn2 = WDL+LL(cosq)
Wnt = WDL+LL(sinq)

-0.11

Leeward:

MOMENTS:
Mn = Mx = 1/8(W nLx )
2

9.6211285 Kn-m
(WW)

0.178169 Kn-m

Mt = My = 1/12(W nLy )
2

(LW)

-0.192
0.53
0.09

SHEAR:
Vx = (1/2)W nLx

3.2070428 Kn

Vy = (1/2)W nLy

0.089084523

CHECK FOR SHEAR;

To be safe, Fv > Fvact

0.42
0.09

Kn

CHECK FOR BENDING:

To be safe, Fb > Fact

WN = Wn1 + Wn2
Wt = Wnt

6 Mx 6 My
+ 2
bh 2
b h

3 Vx 3 Vy
+
2 bh 2 bh

Yallow = L/360

=
=

13.80

it is safe!=)

0.16 Kn

<
it is safe!=)

0.44 mm
7.64 mm
it is safe!=)

DESIGN OF TRUSS

<

****To be safe, Yall > Yact

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

Yact = (5/384)(WLn4/EI)

9.86 Kn-m

Therefore use

1.34

TRIAL DIMENSION:
75

200

I=

5.00E+07

mm

mm
1.512

LOAD CARRIED BY THE TRUSS:

9.194

Loadings:

=
Wt. of Purlins =
Min. Roof LL =
total
=
GI roofing

Kn
0.44517 Kn
26.764155 Kn
32.227604 Kn
5.0182791

9.069

15.84

Weight of truss:

=
67.99 m
= 5.5031106 Kn
37.73071 Kn

Overall Length of Truss

Weight of Truss

TOTAL

16.05849

Windward
wind load

fx
fy

= -9.19449308 Kn/m
= 0.30231307 Kn
= 1.81387842 Kn

Leeward
wind load

fx
fy

= -16.0584931 Kn/m
=
0.528 Kn
=
3.168 Kn

Load carried by the ceiling:

Ceiling Load

0.012 Kn/m

18.865 KN
Forces Due to DL + LL

9.433 Kn

9.43268 Kn
M

9.433 Kn
9.433 Kn

9.433 Kn

J
ceiling load

3.0

3.0

3.0

3m

3.000 m

3.0000

24 m

1.3541 KN
0.83 KN

Forces Due to Wind Load

1.814 Kn

3.168 Kn
M

0.3023 KN
1.814 KN
0.3023 KN

1.814 Kn
0.3023 KN
1.814 Kn
0.3023 KN

0.528

3.0

3.0

3.0

3m

3.000 m

3.0000

24 m

NOTE: the reactions and axial bar forces are solved using the GRASP SOFTWARE. The calculations and
instead, a summary in table form is provided.

Summary of Bar Forces:

Top Chords

Length

DL + LL

AJ

3.04

JK
KL

3.04
3.04

LM
MN

3.04
3.04

NO
OP

3.04
3.04

PI

3.04

WL

DL + LL + WL

56.90
56.90
-57.30
-76.40
-76.40
-57.30
56.90
56.90

11.00
10.70
-8.800
-11.70
-13.70
###
19.80
19.30

67.90
67.60
-66.10
-88.10
-90.10
-67.6
76.7
76.20

-56.20
56.60
75.40
70.70
70.70
75.40
56.60
-56.20

-11.2

11.90
14.50
13.00
13.00
15.60
11.7
###

-44.30
71.10
88.40
83.70
83.70
91.00
68.30
-74.70

-9.30
9.40
-3.10
0.002
-3.10
9.40
-9.30

-1.900
1.300
-1.0
0.000
-1.800
2.000
-3.100

-11.200
10.700
-4.10
0.002
-4.900
11.400
-12.400

-118.80
-21.10
5.60
5.60
-21.10

-19.90
-2.900
1.800
3.200
-4.400

-138.70
-24.00
7.40
8.80
-25.50

Bottom ChordS
AB
BC

3.00
3.00

CD
DE

3.00
3.00

EF
FG

3.00
3.00

GH

3.00

HI

3.00

Verticals
BJ
KC

0.50
1.00

LD
ME
NF

1.50
2.00
1.50

OG

1.00

HP

0.50

BK
CL
DM

3.16
3.35
3.61

MF
NG

3.61
3.35

Diagonals

OH

-118.80

3.16

-31.80

-150.60

Design of Truss Members

Stresses
Top Chord

Length
3.041

-88.110

Bottom chord
Vertical
Diagonal

91.000
11.400

/
/

-74.700
-12.400

3.000
0.500

8.800

-150.600

3.160

DESIGN OF Top Chord

TRIAL DIMENSION:
150

I=

200

1.00E+08

mm

P=
L=

mm
4

-88.110 Kn
3041.38 mm

L/d

20.275875

E
K=
2 6 fc

.5

( )( )

= 21.4413806 since L/d<K

and L/d>11

it is short column

To be safe:
Fc

>=

fc

Fc=

E
L 2
36
d

( )

Fc

6.07

fc = P/A

2.94

Therefore use

DESIGN OF Bottom Chord

TRIAL DIMENSION:

150

6.07 it is safe!=)

<

200

mm for BOTTOM CHORD

100

I=

200

6.67E+07

mm

P=
L=

mm
4

91.000 Kn
3000.00 mm

L/d

30

E
K=
2 6 fc

.5

( )( )

= 21.4413806 since L/d>K

and L/d>11

it is long column

To be safe:
Fc

>=

Fc=

fc

2E
L 2
36
d

( )

Fc

8.14

fc = P/A

4.55

Therefore use

Check for Stress Reversals:

f t=

100

>=

ft

Fb

13.80

100

DESIGN OF Verticals
TRIAL DIMENSION:
x

200

I=

5.00E+07

mm

200

mm for BOTTOM CHORD

13.80

it is safe!=)

200

mm for VERTICALS

MPa
6.23 <

Since Fb > Ft, Use

75

To be safe:

Fb

P
( 3/ 5 ) A g

8 it is safe!=)

<

mm
4

P=
L=

11.400

-12.400

Kn

2000.00 mm

L/d

26.666667

E
K=
2 6 fc

.5

( )( )

= 21.4413806 since L/d>K

and L/d>11

it is long column

To be safe:
Fc

>=

fc

Fc=

E
L 2
36
d

( )

Fc

3.51

fc = P/A

0.76

Therefore use

75

Check for Stress Reversals:

f t=

>=

ft

Fb

13.80

75

DESIGN OF Diagonals
TRIAL DIMENSION:
I=

P=
L=
L/d

200

1.00E+08

mm

mm
4

8.800

3160.00 mm
=

200

mm for BOTTOM CHORD

13.80

it is safe!=)

200

mm for VERTICALS

MPa
1.38 <

Since Fb > Ft, Use

150

3.51 it is safe!=)

To be safe:

Fb

P
( 3/ 5 ) A g

<

21.066667

-150.600

Kn


K=
2

E
6 fc

.5

( )( )

= 21.4413806 since L/d<K

and L/d>11

it is short column

To be safe:
Fc

>=

fc

Fc=

E
L 2
36
d

( )

Fc

5.62E+00

fc = P/A

0.29

Therefore use
Check for Stress Reversals:

f t=

150

>=

ft

Fb

13.80

Since Fb > Ft, Use

5.62.E+00 it is safe!=)

200

mm for BOTTOM CHORD

To be safe:

Fb

P
( 3/ 5 ) A g

<

MPa
8.37

<

13.80

it is safe!=)

150

200

mm for VERTICALS

12.17
W nt

2.00 m

12.00

-0.27 kN/m

(+) Windward

-0.48 kN/m
-0.11 kN/m
-0.192
0.53
0.09

kN/m
kN/m

0.42

kN/m

0.09

kN/m

13.80 Mpa

1.34

Mpa

###X###mm thick purlins

(-)

Leeward

16.05849
2.64

Kn

9.433

Kn

9.43 kn

9.43 kn

I
G

3.0000 m

3.0000

3.0000

Kn
0.528 KN
3.17

Kn
0.528 KN
3.17 kn

0.528 KN

3.17 kn

0.528

KN

3.0000 m

3.0000

3.0000

E. The calculations and the drawings are not shown here.

L + LL + WL

is short column

is long column

is long column

is short column

CARMEL B. SABADO
BSCE-5

CE-164
PROJECT 2

PROF.Allan E. Milano
OCT. 19, 2009

EXCEL SOLUTIONS
1.) Design the vertical member using steel bar and its square/rectangular washer
if Fs=100 MPa for steel (assume hole diameter = bolt diameter ).
a.) Use steel bar
Given: Fs

100

MPa

P=

11.4

kN

Solution :
Fs = P
As

As =

As = dr2

dr

P
Fs

11400
100

N
MPa

120 mm2 ( 4 )

114

mm2

12.0478 mm

Therefore, use dr

mm steel rod.

16

Fs =

100

MPa

Fq =

2.07

MPa

Fb =

13.8

MPa

Fv =

1.1

MPa

Fp =

8.14

MPa

E=

9100

MPa

100

MPa

b.) Design Washer

Given:

STEEL :
Fb =
Solution :

Assume hole diameter = steel diameter

dh =

16

mm

Ps = As Fs =

P=

0.00026

11.4

100

20.1062

kN

20.10619 kN

4
T = P + Ps

11.4

15.7531 kN

Design washer : Assume it to be square

Fq =

Aw = T

Aw

Fq
Aw

Find b of washer :

15.7531
2.07

7610.19 mm2

( Net Area )

Aw = Anet

b2 - ( dh )2
4
b2 -

7610.19

256

88.38 mm

75 mm,

use

4
Since

b > Lchord =

b = 75

mm2

Revise as rectangular washer:

Aw = Anet

bL - ( dh )2
4

7610.19

256

75 L 4

SAY

L
WASHER :

=
75

Find thickness, t :
t =
6M

104.15
110
mm

mm
mm
x

110

mm

Fb = Fs

bFb
M = T ( b - dn )

dn = 1.5 dh + 3

1.5(16) +3

27

mm

t =

9.44

mm

SAY

t =

10

10

mm

dn

15.7531
8
163.438

t=

0.11

N.mm

6 163.438
0.11

0.027

100

Therefore, use rectangular washer dimension:

110
x
75
x

mm

2.) Design the wooden splicing at member 6, using wooden side plates .

( both sides ) and 16 mm diameter bolts

Given :

P =

91

Member 6:

kN at member 2

Group 2 Apitong

100 mm x 200 mm

From Table : ( Double Shear )

L =

200

mm

P// =

4.359

kN/bolt

d =

16

mm

QL =

3.069

kN/bolt

100 mm

Solution :
P/2

P/2
a.) Find number of bolts :
P// ( n )
n

=
=

P/2
91

4.359
n
=
10.44
bolts
b. ) Find thickness of wooden side plate :

12

Lt

bolts

in 2 rows

100 mm
P
L
Check from Tension :
b.1 )

Fb

13.8

P/2
3/5 Ag
45.5
3/5 Ag

Ag

=
t
t
Say t

5495.17 mm2
=
5495.17
100
=
54.95
=
55

b.2 )

Fb

Anet

45.5

P/2
Anet

13.8
Anet

3297.10 mm2

mm
mm

L =

100

mm

=(L-#

Anet

holes

[ h ] ) t

3297.10
t

=
=

100
53.18

Say t

55

#holes

b + 3

16

19

19

100

Anet

3410

fb

45.5

mm

mm
mm

Use the larger value for thickness.

IF t =
55
mm
Anet

( cross-section )

Therefore,

55

19

55

<

Fb =

13.8

mm

mm2

3410
fb

13.34

MPa

MPa

OK!

DETAILS OF WOODEN SIDE PLATE :

grain
end
g
P/2

end

edge

From minimum requirements :

s 4 d ( // to grain )
Use :

g =

16

64

mm o. c.

Edge :

End :

2.5 d if l/d = 2

g =

1.5 d

1.5

e
e

=
=

24
5 d

80

l/d

200

5 d

g =

16

g =

80

mm o. c.

16
mm ( edge )
( tension ; hardwood )
mm ( end )

g =

( // to grain )

16

5 d if l/d 6
16

12.5

3.) Design the notching at joint A :

Given :

P=
Fp =
Fq =

67.9
8.14
2.07

kN ( C )
MPa
MPa

Solution :

tan-1

2.4
6

9.46

Py

3
P =

67.9

kN

Px

/2 =

4.73

Py =

Psin /2

67.9

sin

4.73

5.60

kN

Px =

Pcos /2

67.9

cos

4.73

67.67

kN

A
AC

75

BC C
75

BC

AC

AC
For section BC :

BC

rBC

4.73
pq
psin BC + qcos2BC
2

=
rBC

8.14
8.14

sin2

7.98

MPa

2.07
4.73

2.07

4.73

85.27

cos2

4.73

cos2

85.27

Equate BC = rBC
Px

7.98

75 BCrequired
=

BCrequired

67.67
75

uired

BCreq

7.98

113.05

mm

For section AC :

AC

rAC

90 - /2 = 90

pq
psin AC + qcos2AC
2

=
rAC

8.14
8.14

sin2

2.08

MPa

2.07
85.27

Equate AC = rAC
Py

2.08

75 ACrequired
ACrequired

5.60
75

ACrequired

35.89

2.08
mm

Use the larger one :

Use BCrequired

113.05

cos

4.73

hrequired :
Try from BC :
hrequired

113.05

hrequired

112.67

Try from AC :

mm

mm

2.07

hrequired

35.89

hrequired

2.96

Therefore, use
SAY

cos

85.27

mm

hrequired

70.48

hrequired

113

mm
mm

0.5

DESIGN OF PEAK JOINT

3" x 8"

3" x 8"

-90.1kN

16 mm
-24.0kN

Data needed for the design of peak joint

P1

-90.10 kN

P2

-24.000 kN

Top Chord member

150mm x 200mm

Diagonal Chord member

150mm x 200mm

Compression Parallel to Grain,

p =

8.14

MPa

Compression Perpendicular to grain,

q =

2.07

MPa

Sloving for diagonal stress, r:

1

21.8

40.23

P1x

P cos 1

(-90.1)(cos 21.8)

P1y

P sin 1

(-90.1)(sin 21.8)

P2x

P cos 2

(-24)(cos 30.96)

P2y

P sin 2

sin 1

AB / 200

AB

cos 1

BC /200

BC

sin 2

DE /200

DE

cos 2

EF

(-24)(sin 30.96)

EF / 200

using Hankinson's formula, we have:

rBC

(8.14 x 2.07) / (8.14(sin2 21.8) + 2.07(cos2 21.8))

=
rEF

5.796

MPa

p q= / (p sin2 + q cos2) =
=
rBF

3.661
rBC - rBF

(8.14 x 2.07) / (8.14(sin2 30.96) + 2.07(co

MPa
=

2.135

MPa

At plane BC and EF:(actual stress)

Bearing Area:

Since factual

Af

141.29(200 - 28)

24302.0598

mm2

Af

121.03(200 - 28)

20817.7143

mm2

45119.77403

mm2

Px

P1x + P2x

factual

Px / A

<

2.135

MPa

101.98 kn
1.130 Kpa
ok!

90 - 11.31

68.2

90 - 30.96

49.77

rAB

p q / (p sin2 + q cos2) =

=
rDE

2.307

MPa

p q / (p sin2 + q cos2) =

=
rAE

(8.14 x 2.07) / (8.14(sin2 78.69) +

3.005
rAB + rDE

(8.14 x 2.07) / (8.14(sin2 78.69) +

MPa
=

5.312

MPa

At plane AB and DE:(actual stress)

Bearing Area:
A1

50*110 - (/4)(282)

4884.24784

mm2

A2

50*110 - (/4)(282)

4884.24784

mm2

9768.49568

mm2

Py

P1y + P2y

48.961

kN

factual

Py / A

5.012

kN

Since factual = 12.992

>

5.312

MPa

ok!

DESIGN OF SIDE PLATE & NO. OF BOLTS

Dressed Dimension:

3 5/8" x 7 1/2"

For bolt shear:

from NSCP table:

P/bolt =

12.01 kN/bolt

using metal side plates:

Psp

1.25(12.01)

P / Psp

15.0125 kN/bolt

no. of bolts, n

6.82325

97.249 / 15.0125

say

bolts

Check for bending:

7 1/2
3 5/8

Ab

Since P

(3 5/8" x 7 1/2") - 2 (3/4" x 3 5/8")

1403.223 mm2

Fb Ab

20487.0558 kN

>

105.0875 kN

21.75

(25.90)(1403.2)

ok!

Thickness of Side Plate:

for each plate:
P/2

105.088 / 2

P/A

52.5438 kN

allowable =

124

MPa

124 MPa

52.57 x 103 / (138 x t)

3.07058 mm

say

mm

75mm x 110mm 4mm washer

3" x 8"

3" x 8"

-90.1kN

16 mm
-24.0kN

83.657 kN
33.460 kN
18.323 kN

15.501 kN
50.367 mm
141.29 mm
88.606 mm
121.03 mm

.8))

in2 30.96) + 2.07(cos2 30.96))

/ (8.14(sin2 78.69) + 2.07(cos2 78.69))

/ (8.14(sin2 78.69) + 2.07(cos2 78.69))

in2