COMBINED FOOTING

DATA FROM STAAD RESULTS

P₁ = 9.478 kN PU1 = 35.667 kN
P₂ = 368.773 kN PU2 = 404.654 kN

MU1 = 193.111 kN-m Ƴs = 19 kN/m3

MU2 = 273.849 kN-m Ƴc = 23.54 kN/m3

f'c = 21 MPa C1 = 0.55 m

fy = 275 MPa C2 = 0.55 m
qa = 120 kPa a = 1.2 m
qeff = 85 kPa s = 3 m
Cc = 70 mm df = 1.8 m
dist. from base to bar center = 95 mm
1.) Design for Stability (assumed t=0.3)

ΣP 378.251 AF
a.) AF = = = 4.4500118 m2 d.) B = =
qeff 85 L

b.) ( Σ Pu ) Ⴟ = MU1 - MU2 + PU2(s) e.) L = a +

1133.224 7.547 = 1.2
Ⴟ =
440.321 b = 3.35
Ⴟ = 2.57 m
therefore:
L L x B = 7.55
c.) = a+Ⴟ
2
L = 7.55 m

SHEAR & MOMENT DIAGRAM SHEAR POINTS VALUE

A = qU (a) = 58.342
B = A - PU1 = 70.0102
C = B + qU(s) = 34.343
D = C - PU2 = 209.369
D' = D + qU(b) = -195.285

MOMENT POINT VALUE

E = ⅟₂A (a) = 0.5(

F = E + MU1 = 42.006
G = F - ⅟₂B(x) =
= 225.00897 kN-m
H = G + ⅟₂C(s-x)
= 477.43899 kN-m
I = H - MU2 = 477.43899
I' = I - ⅟₂D(b) = 203.590
 Σ PU 35.67 + 405 kN
qU = = = 58.342
L 7.55 m

B 34.343
x = = = 0.589 m
qU 58.34

2.) Design for Shear

a.) One-way Shear b.) Two-way Shear

c
VU = Vmax - qU (d + ) qU =
2
@ C1
Vmax = max. of shear points VU1 = PU1 - qU(c1 + d)(c2 + d)
therefore: φVC = 0.75(2)(0.11√f'c)(Bod)
Vmax = 209.369 kN Bo = 4(c1+d) = 4( 0.55
VU1 = φVC
0.55 a = 3123.44824
VU = 209.369 - 58.342 (d+ 2
) b = 1772.31808
c = -5.735145986
φVC = 0.75(0.11√f'c )(Bd) d = 0.003 m
φVC = 0.75(0.11√ 21 )( 0.59 d )
@ C2
VU = φVC VU2 = PU2 - qU(c1 + d)(c2 + d)
d = 0.687 m φVC = 0.75(2)(0.11√f'c)(Bod)
Bo = 4(c2+d) = 4( 0.55
VU2 = φVC
a = 3123.4482364
b = 1772.3180828
therefore, use: c = -374.722146
d = 0.687 m d = 0.164 m

t = 687 + 95
t = 782 mm

3.) Design for Flexure

(a) bars // to L

@ column 2
C1
B Muc = 423.14575
C2 Mud = 152.093
MU = larger between Muc &
MU = 423.146
L
MU
Rn = =
@ column 1 φBd2
 Mua = 24.959 kN-m 0.85f'c
Mub = 227.879 kN-m
ρ =
fy
MU = larger between Mua & Mua
MU = 227.879 kN-m
ρ = 0.0003996

MU 1.4
Rn = = 0.90890 MPa ρmin =
φBd2 fy

2Rn
ρmin = 0.0050909
0.85f'c
ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ]
ρ < ρmin
ρ = 2.149E-04
therefore, use :

1.4 1.4 As = ρmin (B)(d)

ρmin = = As = 0.00509 (
fy 275
As = 2063.262
ρmin = 0.00509
Øb 4As
Nb =
(mm) πd2
ρ < ρmin 16 11
therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509 20 7
25 5
As = ρmin (B)(d) 28 4
As = 0.00509 ( 590 )( 687 ) 32 3
As = 2063.262 mm2 Use : 5 -

Øb 4As B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
Nb = S=
(mm) πd 2 Nb - 1
16 11 20 mm @ middle
20 7 40 mm
25 5 70 mm MU = 225.009
28 4 100 mm
32 3 160 mm MU
Rn = =
Use : 5 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 70 mm O.C φBd2

0.85f'c
ρ =
fy

ρ = 0.000212

1.4
ρmin =
fy
ρmin = 0.0050909

ρ < ρmin
therefore, use :
 As = ρmin (B)(d)
As = 0.00509 (
As = 2063.262

Øb 4As
Nb =
(mm) πd2
16 11
20 7
25 5
28 4
32 3
Use : 5 -

(b) bars // to B

C1
B
C2

Wa b' Wb

Wa = 2(0.75d)+c1 c1+c2 Wb = 2(0.75d)+c2

b'= s- -2(0.75d)
2
Wa = 1.581 m b' = 1.419 m Wb = 1.581 m

@ column 1 @ column 2

PU1 35.667 PU2 404.654

qua = = = 38.260 kPa qub = =
BWa 0.932 BWb 0.932

B - C1 0.59 - 0.55 B - C2 0.59

y = = = 0.02 m y = =
2 2 2

Mua = qua(Wa)(y)(y/2) Mub = qub(Wb)(y)(y/2)

Mua = 38.260 ( 1.581 )( 0.02 )( 0.010 ) Mub = 434.078

Mua = 0.012 kN-m Mub = 0.135

MU MU
Rn = = 0.00002 MPa Rn =
φWad2 φWbd2

0.85f'c 2Rn 0.85f'c

ρ = [ 1- 1 - ] ρ =
 ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ] ρ =
fy

ρ = 4.1671E-09 ρ = 4.7277E-08

1.4 1.4 1.4

ρmin = = ρmin =
fy 275 fy
ρmin = 0.0050909 ρmin = 0.0050909

ρ < ρmin ρ < ρmin

therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509 therefore, use :

As = ρmin (Wa)(d) As = ρmin (Wb)(d)

As = 0.00509 ( 1581 )( 687 ) As = 0.00509 (
As = 5532.577 mm2 As = 5532.577

Øb 4As Wa-2Cc-Nb(Øb) Øb 4As

Nb = S= Nb =
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1 (mm) πd2
16 28 30 mm 16 28
20 18 60 mm 20 18
25 12 100 mm 25 12
28 9 140 mm 28 9
32 7 190 mm 32 7
Use : 12 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 100 mm O.C Use : 12 -

@ For Temperature Bars

Ast = 0.0018b't

Ast = 0.0018 ( 1418.95 )( 782 )

Ast = 1998.2497 mm2

Øb 4As b'-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
Nb = S=
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1
16 10 120 mm
20 7 180 mm
25 5 280 mm
28 4 370 mm
32 3 570 mm
Use : 5 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 280 mm O.C
 THEREFORE:
use: L = 7.55
B = 0.59
t = 782
d = 0.687

4.45001
= 0.59 m
7.54726

s + b
+ 3 + b
3.35 m

7.55 m x 0.59 m

HEAR POINTS VALUES

58.342 ( 1.2 ) = 70.010 kN

70.0102 - 35.667 = 34.343 kN
34.343 + 58.342 ( 3 ) = 209.369 kN
209.369 - 404.654 = -195.285 kN
-195.285 + 58.342 ( 3.35 ) = 0

OMENT POINT VALUES

0.5( 70.010 )( 1.2 ) = 42.006 kN-m

42.006 + 193.111 = 235.117 kN-m
235.117 - 0.5( 34.343 )( 0.589 )
kN-m
= 225.009 + 0.5( 209.369 )( 3 - 0.589 )
kN-m
477.43899 - 274 = 203.590 kN-m
203.590 - 0.5( 195.28539 )( 3.35 ) = -123
 Σ PU
AF = 98.948 kPa

1
+ d)(c2 + d) = 35.67 - 98.948 ( 0.55 + d )( 0.55 + d)
.11√f'c)(Bod)
+ d)

3123.44824
1772.31808 (for quadratic calculation)

-5.735145986

= 405 - 98.948 ( 0.55 + d )( 0.55 + d)

.11√f'c)(Bod)
+ d)

3123.4482364
1772.3180828 (for quadratic calculation)

-374.722146

423.14575 kN-m
152.093 kN-m
larger between Muc & Mud
423.146 kN-m

1.68772 MPa
 2Rn
[ 1- 1 -
fy ]
0.0003996

1.4
=
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

590 )( 687 )
mm2

4As B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
πd2 Nb - 1
11 20 mm
7 40 mm
5 70 mm
4 100 mm
3 160 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 70 mm O.C

225.009 kN-m

0.89745 MPa

2Rn
[ 1- 1 -
fy ]
0.000212

1.4
=
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509
 590 )( 687 )
mm2

4As B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
πd2 Nb - 1
11 20 mm
7 40 mm
5 70 mm
4 100 mm
3 160 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 70 mm O.C

404.654
= 434.078 kPa
0.932

0.59 - 0.55
= 0.02 m
2

qub(Wb)(y)(y/2)

( 1.581 )( 0.02 )( 0.010 )

kN-m

= 0.00020 MPa

2Rn
[ 1- 1 - ]
 [ 1- 1 -
fy ]
4.7277E-08

1.4
=
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

(Wb)(d)
1581 )( 687 )
mm2

4As Wb-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
πd2 Nb - 1
28 30 mm
18 60 mm
12 100 mm
9 140 mm
7 190 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 100 mm O.C
7.55 m
0.59 m Bars Parallel to L:
782 mm MID: 5 - 25 spaced @ 70 mm
0.687 m COLUMN 1: 5 - 25 spaced @ 70 mm
COLUMN 2: 5 - 25 spaced @ 70 mm

Bars Parallel to B:
COLUMN 1: 12 - 25 spaced @ 100 mm
COLUMN 2: 12 - 25 spaced @ 100 mm
TEMPERATURE: 5 - 25 spaced @ 280 mm
 COMBINED FOOTING

DATA FROM STAAD RESULTS

P₁ = 726.47 kN PU1 = 945.512 kN
P₂ = 818.216 kN PU2 = 1212.787 kN

MU1 = 336.211 kN-m Ƴs = 19 kN/m3

MU2 = 236.671 kN-m Ƴc = 23.54 kN/m3

f'c = 21 MPa C1 = 0.55 m

fy = 275 MPa C2 = 0.55 m
qa = 120 kPa a = 1.2 m
qeff = 85 kPa s = 3 m
Cc = 70 mm df = 1.8 m
dist. from base to bar center = 95 mm
1.) Design for Stability (assumed t=0.3)

ΣP 1544.686 AF 18.1728
a.) AF = = = 18.172776 m2 d.) B = =
qeff 85 L 5.86375

b.) ( Σ Pu ) Ⴟ = MU1 - MU2 + PU2(s) e.) L = a + s

3737.901 5.864 = 1.2 +
Ⴟ =
2158.299 b = 1.66
Ⴟ = 1.73 m
therefore:
L L x B = 5.86
c.) = a+Ⴟ
2
L = 5.86 m

SHEAR & MOMENT DIAGRAM SHEAR POINTS VALUES

A = qU (a) = 368.075
B = A - PU1 = 441.69
C = B + qU(s) = -503.822
D = C - PU2 = 600.403
D' = D + qU(b) = -612.384

MOMENT POINT VALUES

E = ⅟₂A (a) = 0.5(

F = E + MU1 = 265.014
G = F - ⅟₂B(x) = 601.225
= 256.40873 kN-m
H = G + ⅟₂C(s-x) =
 = 746.09691 kN-m
I = H - MU2 = 746.09691
I' = I - ⅟₂D(b) = 509.426
Σ PU 946 + 1213 kN
qU = = = 368.075
L 5.86 m

B -503.822
x = = = 1.369 m
qU 368.08

2.) Design for Shear

a.) One-way Shear b.) Two-way Shear

c Σ PU
VU = Vmax - qU (d + ) qU =
2 AF
@ C1
Vmax = max. of shear points VU1 = PU1 - qU(c1 + d)(c2 + d)
therefore: φVC = 0.75(2)(0.11√f'c)(Bod)
Vmax = 600.403 kN Bo = 4(c1+d) = 4( 0.55 +
VU1 = φVC
0.55 a = 3143.26547
VU = 600.403 - 368.075 (d+ 2
) b = 1794.11703
c = -909.5854343
φVC = 0.75(0.11√f'c )(Bd) d = 0.324 m
φVC = 0.75(0.11√ 21 )( 3.10 d )
@ C2
VU = φVC VU2 = PU2 - qU(c1 + d)(c2 + d) =
d = 0.324 m φVC = 0.75(2)(0.11√f'c)(Bod)
Bo = 4(c2+d) = 4( 0.55 +
VU2 = φVC
a = 3143.2654651
b = 1794.1170343
therefore, use: c = -1176.860434
d = 0.390 m d = 0.390 m

t = 390 + 95
t = 485 mm

3.) Design for Flexure

(a) bars // to L

@ column 2
C1
B Muc = 594.90386
C2 Mud = 354.938
 MU = larger between Muc & Mud
MU = 594.904
L
MU
Rn = = 1.40385
@ column 1 φBd2

Mua = 157.467 kN-m 0.85f'c

Mub = 476.592 kN-m
ρ =
fy [
MU = larger between Mua & Mua
MU = 476.592 kN-m
ρ = 0.0003322

MU 1.4
Rn = = 1.12466 MPa ρmin = =
φBd2 fy

2Rn
ρmin = 0.0050909
0.85f'c
ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ]
ρ < ρmin
ρ = 2.660E-04
therefore, use : ρmin

1.4 1.4 As = ρmin (B)(d)

ρmin = = As = 0.00509 ( 3099
fy 275
As = 6149.792 mm2
ρmin = 0.00509
Øb 4As
Nb =
(mm) πd2
ρ < ρmin 16 31
therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509 20 20
25 13
As = ρmin (B)(d) 28 10
As = 0.00509 ( 3099 )( 390 ) 32 8
As = 6149.792 mm2 Use : 13 - 25

Øb 4As B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
Nb = S=
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1
16 31 80 mm @ middle
20 20 130 mm
25 13 210 mm MU = 256.409
28 10 290 mm
32 8 380 mm MU
Rn = = 0.60507
Use : 13 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 210 mm O.C φBd2

0.85f'c
ρ =
fy [
ρ = 0.000143
 1.4
ρmin = =
fy
ρmin = 0.0050909

ρ < ρmin
therefore, use : ρmin

As = ρmin (B)(d)
As = 0.00509 ( 3099
As = 6149.792 mm2

Øb 4As
Nb =
(mm) πd2
16 31
20 20
25 13
28 10
32 8
Use : 13 - 25

(b) bars // to B

C1
B
C2

Wa b' Wb

Wa = 2(0.75d)+c1 c1+c2 Wb = 2(0.75d)+c2

b'= s- -2(0.75d)
2
Wa = 1.135 m b' = 1.865 m Wb = 1.135 m

@ column 1 @ column 2

PU1 945.512 PU2 1212.79

qua = = = 268.876 kPa qub = =
BWa 3.517 BWb 3.517

B - C1 3.10 - 0.55 B - C2 3.10

y = = = 1.27 m y = =
 y = = = 1.27 m y = =
2 2 2

Mua = qua(Wa)(y)(y/2) Mub = qub(Wb)(y)(y/2)

Mua = 268.876 ( 1.135 )( 1.27 )( 0.637 ) Mub = 344.881 (

Mua = 247.816 kN-m Mub = 317.869 kN-m

MU MU
Rn = = 1.59728 MPa Rn = =
φWad2 φWbd2

0.85f'c 2Rn 0.85f'c

ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ] ρ =
fy [
ρ = 0.0003781 ρ = 0.0004854

1.4 1.4 1.4

ρmin = = ρmin = =
fy 275 fy
ρmin = 0.0050909 ρmin = 0.0050909

ρ < ρmin ρ < ρmin

therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509 therefore, use : ρmin

As = ρmin (Wa)(d) As = ρmin (Wb)(d)

As = 0.00509 ( 1135 )( 390 ) As = 0.00509 ( 1135
As = 2251.561 mm2 As = 2251.561 mm2

Øb 4As Wa-2Cc-Nb(Øb) Øb 4As

Nb = S= Nb =
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1 (mm) πd2
16 12 70 mm 16 12
20 8 110 mm 20 8
25 5 200 mm 25 5
28 4 280 mm 28 4
32 3 430 mm 32 3
Use : 5 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 200 mm O.C Use : 5 - 25

@ For Temperature Bars

Ast = 0.0018b't

Ast = 0.0018 ( 1865.33 )( 485 )

Ast = 1627.6935 mm2

 Øb 4As b'-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
Nb = S=
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1
16 9 190 mm
20 6 310 mm
25 4 530 mm
28 3 800 mm
32 3 790 mm
Use : 4 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 530 mm O.C
 THEREFORE:
use: L = 5.86
B = 3.10
t = 485
d = 0.390

18.1728
= 3.10 m
5.86375

+ b
3 + b
1.66 m

m x 3.10 m

AR POINTS VALUES

368.075 ( 1.2 ) = 441.690 kN

441.69 - 945.512 = -503.822 kN
-503.822 + 368.075 ( 3 ) = 600.403 kN
600.403 - 1212.79 = -612.384 kN
-612.384 + 368.075 ( 1.66 ) = 0

ENT POINT VALUES

441.690 )( 1.2 ) = 265.014 kN-m

265.014 + 336.211 = 601.225 kN-m
601.225 - 0.5( 503.822 )( 1.369 )

256.409 + 0.5( 600.403 )( 3 - 1.369 )

746.09691 - 237 = 509.426 kN-m
509.426 - 0.5( 612.38381 )( 1.66 ) = 0

Σ PU
AF = 118.766 kPa

= 946 - 118.766 ( 0.55 + d )( 0.55 + d)

d)

3143.26547
1794.11703 (for quadratic calculation)

-909.5854343

1213 - 118.766 ( 0.55 + d )( 0.55 + d)

d)

3143.2654651
1794.1170343 (for quadratic calculation)

-1176.860434

kN-m
kN-m
rger between Muc & Mud
kN-m

1.40385 MPa

2Rn
1- 1 -
fy ]

1.4
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

3099 )( 390 )
mm2

B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
Nb - 1
31 80 mm
20 130 mm
13 210 mm
10 290 mm
8 380 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 210 mm O.C

kN-m

0.60507 MPa

2Rn
1- 1 -
fy ]
 1.4
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

3099 )( 390 )
mm2

B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
Nb - 1
31 80 mm
20 130 mm
13 210 mm
10 290 mm
8 380 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 210 mm O.C

1212.79
= 344.881 kPa
3.517

- 0.55
= 1.27 m
 = 1.27 m
2

qub(Wb)(y)(y/2)

1.135 )( 1.27 )( 0.637 )

kN-m

2.04879 MPa

2Rn
1- 1 -
fy ]

1.4
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

1135 )( 390 )
mm2

Wb-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
Nb - 1
12 70 mm
8 110 mm
5 200 mm
4 280 mm
3 430 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 200 mm O.C
m
m Bars Parallel to L:
mm MID: 13 - 25 spaced @ 210 mm
m COLUMN 1: 13 - 25 spaced @ 210 mm
COLUMN 2: 13 - 25 spaced @ 210 mm

Bars Parallel to B:
COLUMN 1: 5 - 25 spaced @ 200 mm
COLUMN 2: 5 - 25 spaced @ 200 mm
TEMPERATURE: 4 - 25 spaced @ 530 mm
 COMBINED FOOTING

DATA FROM STAAD RESULTS

P₁ = 168.136 kN PU1 = 264.165 kN
P₂ = 679.246 kN PU2 = 677.86 kN

MU1 = 296.275 kN-m Ƴs = 19 kN/m3

MU2 = 237.987 kN-m Ƴc = 23.54 kN/m3

f'c = 21 MPa C1 = 0.55 m

fy = 275 MPa C2 = 0.55 m
qa = 120 kPa a = 1.2 m
qeff = 85 kPa s = 3 m
Cc = 70 mm df = 1.8 m
dist. from base to bar center = 95 mm
1.) Design for Stability (assumed t=0.3)

ΣP 847.382 AF 9.9692
a.) AF = = = 9.9692 m2 d.) B = =
qeff 85 L 6.84122

b.) ( Σ Pu ) Ⴟ = MU1 - MU2 + PU2(s) e.) L = a + s

2091.868 6.841 = 1.2 +
Ⴟ =
942.025 b = 2.64
Ⴟ = 2.22 m
therefore:
L L x B = 6.84
c.) = a+Ⴟ
2
L = 6.84 m

SHEAR & MOMENT DIAGRAM SHEAR POINTS VALUES

A = qU (a) = 137.698
B = A - PU1 = 165.238
C = B + qU(s) = -98.927
D = C - PU2 = 314.169
D' = D + qU(b) = -363.691

MOMENT POINT VALUES

E = ⅟₂A (a) = 0.5(

F = E + MU1 = 99.143
G = F - ⅟₂B(x) = 395.418
= 359.88188 kN-m
H = G + ⅟₂C(s-x) =
 = 718.28063 kN-m
I = H - MU2 = 718.28063
I' = I - ⅟₂D(b) = 480.294
Σ PU 264 + 678 kN
qU = = = 137.698
L 6.84 m

B -98.927
x = = = 0.718 m
qU 137.70

2.) Design for Shear

a.) One-way Shear b.) Two-way Shear

c Σ PU
VU = Vmax - qU (d + ) qU =
2 AF
@ C1
Vmax = max. of shear points VU1 = PU1 - qU(c1 + d)(c2 + d)
therefore: φVC = 0.75(2)(0.11√f'c)(Bod)
Vmax = 314.169 kN Bo = 4(c1+d) = 4( 0.55 +
VU1 = φVC
0.55 a = 3118.99350
VU = 314.169 - 137.698 (d+ 2
) b = 1767.41787
c = -235.5807041
φVC = 0.75(0.11√f'c )(Bd) d = 0.111 m
φVC = 0.75(0.11√ 21 )( 1.46 d )
@ C2
VU = φVC VU2 = PU2 - qU(c1 + d)(c2 + d) =
d = 0.401 m φVC = 0.75(2)(0.11√f'c)(Bod)
Bo = 4(c2+d) = 4( 0.55 +
VU2 = φVC
a = 3118.9934988
b = 1767.4178714
therefore, use: c = -649.2757041
d = 0.401 m d = 0.254 m

t = 401 + 95
t = 496 mm

3.) Design for Flexure

(a) bars // to L

@ column 2
C1
B Muc = 637.09098
C2 Mud = 385.485
 MU = larger between Muc & Mud
MU = 637.091
L
MU
Rn = = 3.01735
@ column 1 φBd2

Mua = 58.909 kN-m 0.85f'c

Mub = 373.420 kN-m
ρ =
fy [
MU = larger between Mua & Mua
MU = 373.420 kN-m
ρ = 0.0007161

MU 1.4
Rn = = 1.76857 MPa ρmin = =
φBd2 fy

2Rn
ρmin = 0.0050909
0.85f'c
ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ]
ρ < ρmin
ρ = 4.188E-04
therefore, use : ρmin

1.4 1.4 As = ρmin (B)(d)

ρmin = = As = 0.00509 ( 1457
fy 275
As = 2976.633 mm2
ρmin = 0.00509
Øb 4As
Nb =
(mm) πd2
ρ < ρmin 16 15
therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509 20 10
25 7
As = ρmin (B)(d) 28 5
As = 0.00509 ( 1457 )( 401 ) 32 4
As = 2976.633 mm2 Use : 7 - 25

Øb 4As B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
Nb = S=
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1
16 15 70 mm @ middle
20 10 120 mm
25 7 180 mm MU = 359.882
28 5 280 mm
32 4 380 mm MU
Rn = = 1.70445
Use : 7 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 180 mm O.C φBd2

0.85f'c
ρ =
fy [
ρ = 0.000404
 1.4
ρmin = =
fy
ρmin = 0.0050909

ρ < ρmin
therefore, use : ρmin

As = ρmin (B)(d)
As = 0.00509 ( 1457
As = 2976.633 mm2

Øb 4As
Nb =
(mm) πd2
16 15
20 10
25 7
28 5
32 4
Use : 7 - 25

(b) bars // to B

C1
B
C2

Wa b' Wb

Wa = 2(0.75d)+c1 c1+c2 Wb = 2(0.75d)+c2

b'= s- -2(0.75d)
2
Wa = 1.152 m b' = 1.848 m Wb = 1.152 m

@ column 1 @ column 2

PU1 264.165 PU2 677.86

qua = = = 157.380 kPa qub = =
BWa 1.679 BWb 1.679

B - C1 1.46 - 0.55 B - C2 1.46

y = = = 0.45 m y = =
 y = = = 0.45 m y = =
2 2 2

Mua = qua(Wa)(y)(y/2) Mub = qub(Wb)(y)(y/2)

Mua = 157.380 ( 1.152 )( 0.45 )( 0.227 ) Mub = 403.844 (

Mua = 18.650 kN-m Mub = 47.858 kN-m

MU MU
Rn = = 0.11175 MPa Rn = =
φWad2 φWbd2

0.85f'c 2Rn 0.85f'c

ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ] ρ =
fy [
ρ = 2.6382E-05 ρ = 6.7718E-05

1.4 1.4 1.4

ρmin = = ρmin = =
fy 275 fy
ρmin = 0.0050909 ρmin = 0.0050909

ρ < ρmin ρ < ρmin

therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509 therefore, use : ρmin

As = ρmin (Wa)(d) As = ρmin (Wb)(d)

As = 0.00509 ( 1152 )( 401 ) As = 0.00509 ( 1152
As = 2352.867 mm2 As = 2352.867 mm2

Øb 4As Wa-2Cc-Nb(Øb) Øb 4As

Nb = S= Nb =
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1 (mm) πd2
16 12 70 mm 16 12
20 8 110 mm 20 8
25 5 210 mm 25 5
28 4 280 mm 28 4
32 3 440 mm 32 3
Use : 5 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 210 mm O.C Use : 5 - 25

@ For Temperature Bars

Ast = 0.0018b't

Ast = 0.0018 ( 1848.14 )( 496 )

Ast = 1650.8155 mm2

 Øb 4As b'-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
Nb = S=
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1
16 9 190 mm
20 6 310 mm
25 4 520 mm
28 3 790 mm
32 3 790 mm
Use : 4 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 520 mm O.C
 THEREFORE:
use: L = 6.84
B = 1.46
t = 496
d = 0.401

9.9692
= 1.46 m
6.84122

+ b
3 + b
2.64 m

m x 1.46 m

AR POINTS VALUES

137.698 ( 1.2 ) = 165.238 kN

165.238 - 264.165 = -98.927 kN
-98.927 + 137.698 ( 3 ) = 314.169 kN
314.169 - 677.86 = -363.691 kN
-363.691 + 137.698 ( 2.64 ) = 0

ENT POINT VALUES

165.238 )( 1.2 ) = 99.143 kN-m

99.143 + 296.275 = 395.418 kN-m
395.418 - 0.5( 98.927 )( 0.718 )

359.882 + 0.5( 314.169 )( 3 - 0.718 )

718.28063 - 238 = 480.294 kN-m
480.294 - 0.5( 363.69137 )( 2.64 ) = 0

Σ PU
AF = 94.494 kPa

= 264 - 94.494 ( 0.55 + d )( 0.55 + d)

d)

3118.99350
1767.41787 (for quadratic calculation)

-235.5807041

678 - 94.494 ( 0.55 + d )( 0.55 + d)

d)

3118.9934988
1767.4178714 (for quadratic calculation)

-649.2757041

kN-m
kN-m
rger between Muc & Mud
kN-m

3.01735 MPa

2Rn
1- 1 -
fy ]

1.4
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

1457 )( 401 )
mm2

B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
Nb - 1
15 70 mm
10 120 mm
7 180 mm
5 280 mm
4 380 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 180 mm O.C

kN-m

1.70445 MPa

2Rn
1- 1 -
fy ]
 1.4
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

1457 )( 401 )
mm2

B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
Nb - 1
15 70 mm
10 120 mm
7 180 mm
5 280 mm
4 380 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 180 mm O.C

677.86
= 403.844 kPa
1.679

- 0.55
= 0.45 m
 = 0.45 m
2

qub(Wb)(y)(y/2)

1.152 )( 0.45 )( 0.227 )

kN-m

0.28675 MPa

2Rn
1- 1 -
fy ]

1.4
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

1152 )( 401 )
mm2

Wb-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
Nb - 1
12 70 mm
8 110 mm
5 210 mm
4 280 mm
3 440 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 210 mm O.C
m
m Bars Parallel to L:
mm MID: 7 - 25 spaced @ 180 mm
m COLUMN 1: 7 - 25 spaced @ 180 mm
COLUMN 2: 7 - 25 spaced @ 180 mm

Bars Parallel to B:
COLUMN 1: 5 - 25 spaced @ 210 mm
COLUMN 2: 5 - 25 spaced @ 210 mm
TEMPERATURE: 4 - 25 spaced @ 520 mm
 COMBINED FOOTING

DATA FROM STAAD RESULTS

P₁ = 625.262 kN PU1 = 802.051 kN
P₂ = 771.445 kN PU2 = 801.576 kN

MU1 = 216.591 kN-m Ƴs = 19 kN/m3

MU2 = 272.655 kN-m Ƴc = 23.54 kN/m3

f'c = 21 MPa C1 = 0.55 m

fy = 275 MPa C2 = 0.55 m
qa = 120 kPa a = 1.2 m
qeff = 85 kPa s = 3 m
Cc = 70 mm df = 1.8 m
dist. from base to bar center = 95 mm
1.) Design for Stability (assumed t=0.3)

ΣP 1396.707 AF 16.4318
a.) AF = = = 16.431847 m2 d.) B = =
qeff 85 L 5.32919

b.) ( Σ Pu ) Ⴟ = MU1 - MU2 + PU2(s) e.) L = a + s

2348.664 5.329 = 1.2 +
Ⴟ =
1603.627 b = 1.13
Ⴟ = 1.46 m
therefore:
L L x B = 5.33
c.) = a+Ⴟ
2
L = 5.33 m

SHEAR & MOMENT DIAGRAM SHEAR POINTS VALUES

A = qU (a) = 300.914
B = A - PU1 = 361.097
C = B + qU(s) = -440.954
D = C - PU2 = 461.787
D' = D + qU(b) = -339.789

MOMENT POINT VALUES

E = ⅟₂A (a) = 0.5(

F = E + MU1 = 216.658
G = F - ⅟₂B(x) = 433.249
= 110.16516 kN-m
H = G + ⅟₂C(s-x) =
 = 464.49808 kN-m
I = H - MU2 = 464.49808
I' = I - ⅟₂D(b) = 191.843
Σ PU 802 + 802 kN
qU = = = 300.914
L 5.33 m

B -440.954
x = = = 1.465 m
qU 300.91

2.) Design for Shear

a.) One-way Shear b.) Two-way Shear

c Σ PU
VU = Vmax - qU (d + ) qU =
2 AF
@ C1
Vmax = max. of shear points VU1 = PU1 - qU(c1 + d)(c2 + d)
therefore: φVC = 0.75(2)(0.11√f'c)(Bod)
Vmax = 461.787 kN Bo = 4(c1+d) = 4( 0.55 +
VU1 = φVC
0.55 a = 3122.09258
VU = 461.787 - 300.914 (d+ 2
) b = 1770.82686
c = -772.5292326
φVC = 0.75(0.11√f'c )(Bd) d = 0.289 m
φVC = 0.75(0.11√ 21 )( 3.08 d )
@ C2
VU = φVC VU2 = PU2 - qU(c1 + d)(c2 + d) =
d = 0.258 m φVC = 0.75(2)(0.11√f'c)(Bod)
Bo = 4(c2+d) = 4( 0.55 +
VU2 = φVC
a = 3122.0925783
b = 1770.8268589
therefore, use: c = -772.0542326
d = 0.289 m d = 0.289 m

t = 289 + 95
t = 384 mm

3.) Design for Flexure

(a) bars // to L

@ column 2
C1
B Muc = 348.88492
C2 Mud = 109.779
 MU = larger between Muc & Mud
MU = 348.885
L
MU
Rn = = 1.50529
@ column 1 φBd2

Mua = 128.735 kN-m 0.85f'c

Mub = 323.365 kN-m
ρ =
fy [
MU = larger between Mua & Mua
MU = 323.365 kN-m
ρ = 0.0003563

MU 1.4
Rn = = 1.39518 MPa ρmin = =
φBd2 fy

2Rn
ρmin = 0.0050909
0.85f'c
ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ]
ρ < ρmin
ρ = 3.301E-04
therefore, use : ρmin

1.4 1.4 As = ρmin (B)(d)

ρmin = = As = 0.00509 ( 3083
fy 275
As = 4536.473 mm2
ρmin = 0.00509
Øb 4As
Nb =
(mm) πd2
ρ < ρmin 16 23
therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509 20 15
25 10
As = ρmin (B)(d) 28 8
As = 0.00509 ( 3083 )( 289 ) 32 6
As = 4536.473 mm2 Use : 10 - 25

Øb 4As B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
Nb = S=
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1
16 23 110 mm @ middle
20 15 180 mm
25 10 290 mm MU = 110.165
28 8 380 mm
32 6 540 mm MU
Rn = = 0.47531
Use : 10 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 290 mm O.C φBd2

0.85f'c
ρ =
fy [
ρ = 0.000112
 1.4
ρmin = =
fy
ρmin = 0.0050909

ρ < ρmin
therefore, use : ρmin

As = ρmin (B)(d)
As = 0.00509 ( 3083
As = 4536.473 mm2

Øb 4As
Nb =
(mm) πd2
16 23
20 15
25 10
28 8
32 6
Use : 10 - 25

(b) bars // to B

C1
B
C2

Wa b' Wb

Wa = 2(0.75d)+c1 c1+c2 Wb = 2(0.75d)+c2

b'= s- -2(0.75d)
2
Wa = 0.983 m b' = 2.017 m Wb = 0.983 m

@ column 1 @ column 2

PU1 802.051 PU2 801.576

qua = = = 264.486 kPa qub = =
BWa 3.032 BWb 3.032

B - C1 3.08 - 0.55 B - C2 3.08

y = = = 1.27 m y = =
 y = = = 1.27 m y = =
2 2 2

Mua = qua(Wa)(y)(y/2) Mub = qub(Wb)(y)(y/2)

Mua = 264.486 ( 0.983 )( 1.27 )( 0.633 ) Mub = 264.329 (

Mua = 208.681 kN-m Mub = 208.557 kN-m

MU MU
Rn = = 2.82274 MPa Rn = =
φWad2 φWbd2

0.85f'c 2Rn 0.85f'c

ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ] ρ =
fy [
ρ = 0.0006697 ρ = 0.0006693

1.4 1.4 1.4

ρmin = = ρmin = =
fy 275 fy
ρmin = 0.0050909 ρmin = 0.0050909

ρ < ρmin ρ < ρmin

therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509 therefore, use : ρmin

As = ρmin (Wa)(d) As = ρmin (Wb)(d)

As = 0.00509 ( 983 )( 289 ) As = 0.00509 ( 983
As = 1446.997 mm2 As = 1446.997 mm2

Øb 4As Wa-2Cc-Nb(Øb) Øb 4As

Nb = S= Nb =
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1 (mm) πd2
16 8 90 mm 16 8
20 5 170 mm 20 5
25 3 360 mm 25 3
28 3 360 mm 28 3
32 2 740 mm 32 2
Use : 3 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 360 mm O.C Use : 3 - 25

@ For Temperature Bars

Ast = 0.0018b't

Ast = 0.0018 ( 2016.50 )( 384 )

Ast = 1393.8048 mm2

 Øb 4As b'-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
Nb = S=
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1
16 7 280 mm
20 5 430 mm
25 3 880 mm
28 3 880 mm
32 2 1780 mm
Use : 3 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 880 mm O.C
 THEREFORE:
use: L = 5.33
B = 3.08
t = 384
d = 0.289

16.4318
= 3.08 m
5.32919

+ b
3 + b
1.13 m

m x 3.08 m

AR POINTS VALUES

300.914 ( 1.2 ) = 361.097 kN

361.097 - 802.051 = -440.954 kN
-440.954 + 300.914 ( 3 ) = 461.787 kN
461.787 - 801.576 = -339.789 kN
-339.789 + 300.914 ( 1.13 ) = 0

ENT POINT VALUES

361.097 )( 1.2 ) = 216.658 kN-m

216.658 + 216.591 = 433.249 kN-m
433.249 - 0.5( 440.954 )( 1.465 )

110.165 + 0.5( 461.787 )( 3 - 1.465 )

464.49808 - 273 = 191.843 kN-m
191.843 - 0.5( 339.78887 )( 1.13 ) = ###

Σ PU
AF = 97.593 kPa

= 802 - 97.593 ( 0.55 + d )( 0.55 + d)

d)

3122.09258
1770.82686 (for quadratic calculation)

-772.5292326

802 - 97.593 ( 0.55 + d )( 0.55 + d)

d)

3122.0925783
1770.8268589 (for quadratic calculation)

-772.0542326

kN-m
kN-m
rger between Muc & Mud
kN-m

1.50529 MPa

2Rn
1- 1 -
fy ]

1.4
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

3083 )( 289 )
mm2

B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
Nb - 1
23 110 mm
15 180 mm
10 290 mm
8 380 mm
6 540 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 290 mm O.C

kN-m

0.47531 MPa

2Rn
1- 1 -
fy ]
 1.4
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

3083 )( 289 )
mm2

B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
Nb - 1
23 110 mm
15 180 mm
10 290 mm
8 380 mm
6 540 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 290 mm O.C

801.576
= 264.329 kPa
3.032

- 0.55
= 1.27 m
 = 1.27 m
2

qub(Wb)(y)(y/2)

0.983 )( 1.27 )( 0.633 )

kN-m

2.82107 MPa

2Rn
1- 1 -
fy ]

1.4
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

983 )( 289 )
mm2

Wb-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
Nb - 1
8 90 mm
5 170 mm
3 360 mm
3 360 mm
2 740 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 360 mm O.C
m
m Bars Parallel to L:
mm MID: 10 - 25 spaced @ 290 mm
m COLUMN 1: 10 - 25 spaced @ 290 mm
COLUMN 2: 10 - 25 spaced @ 290 mm

Bars Parallel to B:
COLUMN 1: 3 - 25 spaced @ 360 mm
COLUMN 2: 3 - 25 spaced @ 360 mm
TEMPERATURE: 3 - 25 spaced @ 880 mm
 COMBINED FOOTING

DATA FROM STAAD RESULTS

P₁ = 233.535 kN PU1 = 358.371 kN
P₂ = 125.971 kN PU2 = 198.191 kN

MU1 = 157.448 kN-m Ƴs = 19 kN/m3

MU2 = 150.584 kN-m Ƴc = 23.54 kN/m3

f'c = 21 MPa C1 = 0.55 m

fy = 275 MPa C2 = 0.55 m
qa = 120 kPa a = 1.2 m
qeff = 85 kPa s = 3 m
Cc = 70 mm df = 1.8 m
dist. from base to bar center = 95 mm
1.) Design for Stability (assumed t=0.3)

ΣP 359.506 AF 4.22948
a.) AF = = = 4.2294824 m2 d.) B = =
qeff 85 L 4.56126

b.) ( Σ Pu ) Ⴟ = MU1 - MU2 + PU2(s) e.) L = a + s

601.437 4.561 = 1.2 +
Ⴟ =
556.562 b = 0.36
Ⴟ = 1.08 m
therefore:
L L x B = 4.56
c.) = a+Ⴟ
2
L = 4.56 m

SHEAR & MOMENT DIAGRAM SHEAR POINTS VALUES

A = qU (a) = 122.019
B = A - PU1 = 146.423
C = B + qU(s) = -211.948
D = C - PU2 = 154.111
D' = D + qU(b) = -44.080

MOMENT POINT VALUES

E = ⅟₂A (a) = 0.5(

F = E + MU1 = 87.854
G = F - ⅟₂B(x) = 245.302
= 61.225403 kN-m
H = G + ⅟₂C(s-x) =
 = 158.54621 kN-m
I = H - MU2 = 158.54621
I' = I - ⅟₂D(b) = 7.962
Σ PU 358 + 198 kN
qU = = = 122.019
L 4.56 m

B -211.948
x = = = 1.737 m
qU 122.02

2.) Design for Shear

a.) One-way Shear b.) Two-way Shear

c Σ PU
VU = Vmax - qU (d + ) qU =
2 AF
@ C1
Vmax = max. of shear points VU1 = PU1 - qU(c1 + d)(c2 + d)
therefore: φVC = 0.75(2)(0.11√f'c)(Bod)
Vmax = 154.111 kN Bo = 4(c1+d) = 4( 0.55 +
VU1 = φVC
0.55 a = 3156.09100
VU = 154.111 - 122.019 (d+ 2
) b = 1808.22513
c = -318.5647091
φVC = 0.75(0.11√f'c )(Bd) d = 0.141 m
φVC = 0.75(0.11√ 21 )( 0.93 d )
@ C2
VU = φVC VU2 = PU2 - qU(c1 + d)(c2 + d) =
d = 0.255 m φVC = 0.75(2)(0.11√f'c)(Bod)
Bo = 4(c2+d) = 4( 0.55 +
VU2 = φVC
a = 3156.091003
b = 1808.2251261
therefore, use: c = -158.3847091
d = 0.255 m d = 0.077 m

t = 255 + 95
t = 350 mm

3.) Design for Flexure

(a) bars // to L

@ column 2
C1
B Muc = 120.77967
C2 Mud = 0.454
 MU = larger between Muc & Mud
MU = 120.780
L
MU
Rn = = 2.22399
@ column 1 φBd2

Mua = 52.201 kN-m 0.85f'c

Mub = 191.630 kN-m
ρ =
fy [
MU = larger between Mua & Mua
MU = 191.630 kN-m
ρ = 0.0005271

MU 1.4
Rn = = 3.52860 MPa ρmin = =
φBd2 fy

2Rn
ρmin = 0.0050909
0.85f'c
ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ]
ρ < ρmin
ρ = 8.383E-04
therefore, use : ρmin

1.4 1.4 As = ρmin (B)(d)

ρmin = = As = 0.00509 ( 927
fy 275
As = 1204.221 mm2
ρmin = 0.00509
Øb 4As
Nb =
(mm) πd2
ρ < ρmin 16 6
therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509 20 4
25 3
As = ρmin (B)(d) 28 2
As = 0.00509 ( 927 )( 255 ) 32 2
As = 1204.221 mm2 Use : 3 - 25

Øb 4As B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
Nb = S=
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1
16 6 130 mm @ middle
20 4 220 mm
25 3 340 mm MU = 61.225
28 2 700 mm
32 2 690 mm MU
Rn = = 1.12738
Use : 3 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 340 mm O.C φBd2

0.85f'c
ρ =
fy [
ρ = 0.000267
 1.4
ρmin = =
fy
ρmin = 0.0050909

ρ < ρmin
therefore, use : ρmin

As = ρmin (B)(d)
As = 0.00509 ( 927
As = 1204.221 mm2

Øb 4As
Nb =
(mm) πd2
16 6
20 4
25 3
28 2
32 2
Use : 3 - 25

(b) bars // to B

C1
B
C2

Wa b' Wb

Wa = 2(0.75d)+c1 c1+c2 Wb = 2(0.75d)+c2

b'= s- -2(0.75d)
2
Wa = 0.933 m b' = 2.067 m Wb = 0.933 m

@ column 1 @ column 2

PU1 358.371 PU2 198.191

qua = = = 414.393 kPa qub = =
BWa 0.865 BWb 0.865

B - C1 0.93 - 0.55 B - C2 0.93

y = = = 0.19 m y = =
 y = = = 0.19 m y = =
2 2 2

Mua = qua(Wa)(y)(y/2) Mub = qub(Wb)(y)(y/2)

Mua = 414.393 ( 0.933 )( 0.19 )( 0.094 ) Mub = 229.173 (

Mua = 6.876 kN-m Mub = 3.803 kN-m

MU MU
Rn = = 0.12588 MPa Rn = =
φWad2 φWbd2

0.85f'c 2Rn 0.85f'c

ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ] ρ =
fy [
ρ = 2.9718E-05 ρ = 1.6433E-05

1.4 1.4 1.4

ρmin = = ρmin = =
fy 275 fy
ρmin = 0.0050909 ρmin = 0.0050909

ρ < ρmin ρ < ρmin

therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509 therefore, use : ρmin

As = ρmin (Wa)(d) As = ρmin (Wb)(d)

As = 0.00509 ( 933 )( 255 ) As = 0.00509 ( 933
As = 1211.215 mm2 As = 1211.215 mm2

Øb 4As Wa-2Cc-Nb(Øb) Øb 4As

Nb = S= Nb =
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1 (mm) πd2
16 7 100 mm 16 7
20 4 220 mm 20 4
25 3 340 mm 25 3
28 2 700 mm 28 2
32 2 690 mm 32 2
Use : 3 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 340 mm O.C Use : 3 - 25

@ For Temperature Bars

Ast = 0.0018b't

Ast = 0.0018 ( 2067.35 )( 350 )

Ast = 1302.7991 mm2

 Øb 4As b'-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
Nb = S=
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1
16 7 290 mm
20 5 440 mm
25 3 910 mm
28 3 900 mm
32 2 1830 mm
Use : 3 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 910 mm O.C
 THEREFORE:
use: L = 4.56
B = 0.93
t = 350
d = 0.255

4.22948
= 0.93 m
4.56126

+ b
3 + b
0.36 m

m x 0.93 m

AR POINTS VALUES

122.019 ( 1.2 ) = 146.423 kN

146.423 - 358.371 = -211.948 kN
-211.948 + 122.019 ( 3 ) = 154.111 kN
154.111 - 198.191 = -44.080 kN
-44.080 + 122.019 ( 0.36 ) = 0

ENT POINT VALUES

146.423 )( 1.2 ) = 87.854 kN-m

87.854 + 157.448 = 245.302 kN-m
245.302 - 0.5( 211.948 )( 1.737 )

61.225 + 0.5( 154.111 )( 3 - 1.737 )

158.54621 - 151 = 7.962 kN-m
7.962 - 0.5( 44.080472 )( 0.36 ) = ###

Σ PU
AF = 131.591 kPa

= 358 - 131.591 ( 0.55 + d )( 0.55 + d)

d)

3156.09100
1808.22513 (for quadratic calculation)

-318.5647091

198 - 131.591 ( 0.55 + d )( 0.55 + d)

d)

3156.091003
1808.2251261 (for quadratic calculation)

-158.3847091

kN-m
kN-m
rger between Muc & Mud
kN-m

2.22399 MPa

2Rn
1- 1 -
fy ]

1.4
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

927 )( 255 )
mm2

B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
Nb - 1
6 130 mm
4 220 mm
3 340 mm
2 700 mm
2 690 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 340 mm O.C

kN-m

1.12738 MPa

2Rn
1- 1 -
fy ]
 1.4
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

927 )( 255 )
mm2

B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
Nb - 1
6 130 mm
4 220 mm
3 340 mm
2 700 mm
2 690 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 340 mm O.C

198.191
= 229.173 kPa
0.865

- 0.55
= 0.19 m
 = 0.19 m
2

qub(Wb)(y)(y/2)

0.933 )( 0.19 )( 0.094 )

kN-m

0.06961 MPa

2Rn
1- 1 -
fy ]

1.4
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

933 )( 255 )
mm2

Wb-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
Nb - 1
7 100 mm
4 220 mm
3 340 mm
2 700 mm
2 690 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 340 mm O.C
m
m Bars Parallel to L:
mm MID: 3 - 25 spaced @ 340 mm
m COLUMN 1: 3 - 25 spaced @ 340 mm
COLUMN 2: 3 - 25 spaced @ 340 mm

Bars Parallel to B:
COLUMN 1: 3 - 25 spaced @ 340 mm
COLUMN 2: 3 - 25 spaced @ 340 mm
TEMPERATURE: 3 - 25 spaced @ 910 mm
 COMBINED FOOTING

DATA FROM STAAD RESULTS

P₁ = 488.102 kN PU1 = 643.457 kN
P₂ = 516.533 kN PU2 = 589.391 kN

MU1 = 178.336 kN-m Ƴs = 19 kN/m3

MU2 = 172.531 kN-m Ƴc = 23.54 kN/m3

f'c = 21 MPa C1 = 0.55 m

fy = 275 MPa C2 = 0.55 m
qa = 120 kPa a = 1.2 m
qeff = 85 kPa s = 3 m
Cc = 70 mm df = 1.8 m
dist. from base to bar center = 95 mm
1.) Design for Stability (assumed t=0.3)

ΣP 1004.635 AF 11.8192
a.) AF = = = 11.819235 m2 d.) B = =
qeff 85 L 5.27785

b.) ( Σ Pu ) Ⴟ = MU1 - MU2 + PU2(s) e.) L = a + s

1773.978 5.278 = 1.2 +
Ⴟ =
1232.848 b = 1.08
Ⴟ = 1.44 m
therefore:
L L x B = 5.28
c.) = a+Ⴟ
2
L = 5.28 m

SHEAR & MOMENT DIAGRAM SHEAR POINTS VALUES

A = qU (a) = 233.589
B = A - PU1 = 280.307
C = B + qU(s) = -363.150
D = C - PU2 = 337.616
D' = D + qU(b) = -251.775

MOMENT POINT VALUES

E = ⅟₂A (a) = 0.5(

F = E + MU1 = 168.184
G = F - ⅟₂B(x) = 346.520
= 64.233142 kN-m
H = G + ⅟₂C(s-x) =
 = 308.21909 kN-m
I = H - MU2 = 308.21909
I' = I - ⅟₂D(b) = 135.688
Σ PU 643 + 589 kN
qU = = = 233.589
L 5.28 m

B -363.150
x = = = 1.555 m
qU 233.59

2.) Design for Shear

a.) One-way Shear b.) Two-way Shear

c Σ PU
VU = Vmax - qU (d + ) qU =
2 AF
@ C1
Vmax = max. of shear points VU1 = PU1 - qU(c1 + d)(c2 + d)
therefore: φVC = 0.75(2)(0.11√f'c)(Bod)
Vmax = 337.616 kN Bo = 4(c1+d) = 4( 0.55 +
VU1 = φVC
0.55 a = 3128.80857
VU = 337.616 - 233.589 (d+ 2
) b = 1778.21445
c = -611.9036456
φVC = 0.75(0.11√f'c )(Bd) d = 0.241 m
φVC = 0.75(0.11√ 21 )( 2.24 d )
@ C2
VU = φVC VU2 = PU2 - qU(c1 + d)(c2 + d) =
d = 0.253 m φVC = 0.75(2)(0.11√f'c)(Bod)
Bo = 4(c2+d) = 4( 0.55 +
VU2 = φVC
a = 3128.8085683
b = 1778.2144478
therefore, use: c = -557.8376456
d = 0.253 m d = 0.225 m

t = 253 + 95
t = 348 mm

3.) Design for Flexure

(a) bars // to L

@ column 2
C1
B Muc = 224.20716
C2 Mud = 75.283
 MU = larger between Muc & Mud
MU = 224.207
L
MU
Rn = = 1.73688
@ column 1 φBd2

Mua = 99.932 kN-m 0.85f'c

Mub = 255.486 kN-m
ρ =
fy [
MU = larger between Mua & Mua
MU = 255.486 kN-m
ρ = 0.0004113

MU 1.4
Rn = = 1.97919 MPa ρmin = =
φBd2 fy

2Rn
ρmin = 0.0050909
0.85f'c
ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ]
ρ < ρmin
ρ = 4.688E-04
therefore, use : ρmin

1.4 1.4 As = ρmin (B)(d)

ρmin = = As = 0.00509 ( 2239
fy 275
As = 2885.226 mm2
ρmin = 0.00509
Øb 4As
Nb =
(mm) πd2
ρ < ρmin 16 15
therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509 20 10
25 6
As = ρmin (B)(d) 28 5
As = 0.00509 ( 2239 )( 253 ) 32 4
As = 2885.226 mm2 Use : 6 - 25

Øb 4As B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
Nb = S=
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1
16 15 130 mm @ middle
20 10 200 mm
25 6 380 mm MU = 64.233
28 5 480 mm
32 4 640 mm MU
Rn = = 0.49760
Use : 6 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 380 mm O.C φBd2

0.85f'c
ρ =
fy [
ρ = 0.000118
 1.4
ρmin = =
fy
ρmin = 0.0050909

ρ < ρmin
therefore, use : ρmin

As = ρmin (B)(d)
As = 0.00509 ( 2239
As = 2885.226 mm2

Øb 4As
Nb =
(mm) πd2
16 15
20 10
25 6
28 5
32 4
Use : 6 - 25

(b) bars // to B

C1
B
C2

Wa b' Wb

Wa = 2(0.75d)+c1 c1+c2 Wb = 2(0.75d)+c2

b'= s- -2(0.75d)
2
Wa = 0.930 m b' = 2.070 m Wb = 0.930 m

@ column 1 @ column 2

PU1 643.457 PU2 589.391

qua = = = 309.089 kPa qub = =
BWa 2.082 BWb 2.082

B - C1 2.24 - 0.55 B - C2 2.24

y = = = 0.84 m y = =
 y = = = 0.84 m y = =
2 2 2

Mua = qua(Wa)(y)(y/2) Mub = qub(Wb)(y)(y/2)

Mua = 309.089 ( 0.930 )( 0.84 )( 0.422 ) Mub = 283.118 (

Mua = 102.509 kN-m Mub = 93.896 kN-m

MU MU
Rn = = 1.91299 MPa Rn = =
φWad2 φWbd2

0.85f'c 2Rn 0.85f'c

ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ] ρ =
fy [
ρ = 0.0004531 ρ = 0.0004149

1.4 1.4 1.4

ρmin = = ρmin = =
fy 275 fy
ρmin = 0.0050909 ρmin = 0.0050909

ρ < ρmin ρ < ρmin

therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509 therefore, use : ρmin

As = ρmin (Wa)(d) As = ρmin (Wb)(d)

As = 0.00509 ( 930 )( 253 ) As = 0.00509 ( 930
As = 1197.708 mm2 As = 1197.708 mm2

Øb 4As Wa-2Cc-Nb(Øb) Øb 4As

Nb = S= Nb =
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1 (mm) πd2
16 6 130 mm 16 6
20 4 220 mm 20 4
25 3 340 mm 25 3
28 2 700 mm 28 2
32 2 690 mm 32 2
Use : 3 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 340 mm O.C Use : 3 - 25

@ For Temperature Bars

Ast = 0.0018b't

Ast = 0.0018 ( 2070.38 )( 348 )

Ast = 1297.1755 mm2

 Øb 4As b'-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
Nb = S=
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1
16 7 290 mm
20 5 450 mm
25 3 910 mm
28 3 900 mm
32 2 1830 mm
Use : 3 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 910 mm O.C
 THEREFORE:
use: L = 5.28
B = 2.24
t = 348
d = 0.253

11.8192
= 2.24 m
5.27785

+ b
3 + b
1.08 m

m x 2.24 m

AR POINTS VALUES

233.589 ( 1.2 ) = 280.307 kN

280.307 - 643.457 = -363.150 kN
-363.150 + 233.589 ( 3 ) = 337.616 kN
337.616 - 589.391 = -251.775 kN
-251.775 + 233.589 ( 1.08 ) = 0

ENT POINT VALUES

280.307 )( 1.2 ) = 168.184 kN-m

168.184 + 178.336 = 346.520 kN-m
346.520 - 0.5( 363.150 )( 1.555 )

64.233 + 0.5( 337.616 )( 3 - 1.555 )

308.21909 - 173 = 135.688 kN-m
135.688 - 0.5( 251.77463 )( 1.08 ) = 0

Σ PU
AF = 104.309 kPa

= 643 - 104.309 ( 0.55 + d )( 0.55 + d)

d)

3128.80857
1778.21445 (for quadratic calculation)

-611.9036456

589 - 104.309 ( 0.55 + d )( 0.55 + d)

d)

3128.8085683
1778.2144478 (for quadratic calculation)

-557.8376456

kN-m
kN-m
rger between Muc & Mud
kN-m

1.73688 MPa

2Rn
1- 1 -
fy ]

1.4
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

2239 )( 253 )
mm2

B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
Nb - 1
15 130 mm
10 200 mm
6 380 mm
5 480 mm
4 640 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 380 mm O.C

kN-m

0.49760 MPa

2Rn
1- 1 -
fy ]
 1.4
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

2239 )( 253 )
mm2

B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
Nb - 1
15 130 mm
10 200 mm
6 380 mm
5 480 mm
4 640 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 380 mm O.C

589.391
= 283.118 kPa
2.082

- 0.55
= 0.84 m
 = 0.84 m
2

qub(Wb)(y)(y/2)

0.930 )( 0.84 )( 0.422 )

kN-m

1.75225 MPa

2Rn
1- 1 -
fy ]

1.4
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

930 )( 253 )
mm2

Wb-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
Nb - 1
6 130 mm
4 220 mm
3 340 mm
2 700 mm
2 690 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 340 mm O.C
m
m Bars Parallel to L:
mm MID: 6 - 25 spaced @ 380 mm
m COLUMN 1: 6 - 25 spaced @ 380 mm
COLUMN 2: 6 - 25 spaced @ 380 mm

Bars Parallel to B:
COLUMN 1: 3 - 25 spaced @ 340 mm
COLUMN 2: 3 - 25 spaced @ 340 mm
TEMPERATURE: 3 - 25 spaced @ 910 mm
 COMBINED FOOTING

DATA FROM STAAD RESULTS

P₁ = 585.466 kN PU1 = 937.297 kN
P₂ = 509.683 kN PU2 = 579.553 kN

MU1 = 177.245 kN-m Ƴs = 19 kN/m3

MU2 = 171.938 kN-m Ƴc = 23.54 kN/m3

f'c = 21 MPa C1 = 0.55 m

fy = 275 MPa C2 = 0.55 m
qa = 120 kPa a = 1.2 m
qeff = 85 kPa s = 3 m
Cc = 70 mm df = 1.8 m
dist. from base to bar center = 95 mm
1.) Design for Stability (assumed t=0.3)

ΣP 1095.149 AF 12.8841
a.) AF = = = 12.884106 m2 d.) B = =
qeff 85 L 4.69946

b.) ( Σ Pu ) Ⴟ = MU1 - MU2 + PU2(s) e.) L = a + s

1743.966 4.699 = 1.2 +
Ⴟ =
1516.85 b = 0.50
Ⴟ = 1.15 m
therefore:
L L x B = 4.70
c.) = a+Ⴟ
2
L = 4.70 m

SHEAR & MOMENT DIAGRAM SHEAR POINTS VALUES

A = qU (a) = 322.771
B = A - PU1 = 387.326
C C = B + qU(s) = -549.971
D = C - PU2 = 418.342
D' = D + qU(b) = -161.211

MOMENT POINT VALUES

E = ⅟₂A (a) = 0.5(

F = E + MU1 = 232.395
G = F - ⅟₂B(x) = 409.640
= -58.909029 kN-m
H = G + ⅟₂C(s-x) =
 = 212.1969 kN-m
I = H - MU2 = 212.1969
I' = I - ⅟₂D(b) = 40.259
Σ PU 937 + 580 kN
qU = = = 322.771
L 4.70 m

B -549.971
x = = = 1.704 m
qU 322.77

2.) Design for Shear

a.) One-way Shear b.) Two-way Shear

c Σ PU
VU = Vmax - qU (d + ) qU =
2 AF
@ C1
Vmax = max. of shear points VU1 = PU1 - qU(c1 + d)(c2 + d)
therefore: φVC = 0.75(2)(0.11√f'c)(Bod)
Vmax = 418.342 kN Bo = 4(c1+d) = 4( 0.55 +
VU1 = φVC
0.55 a = 3142.23029
VU = 418.342 - 322.771 (d+ 2
) b = 1792.97834
c = -901.6835761
φVC = 0.75(0.11√f'c )(Bd) d = 0.322 m
φVC = 0.75(0.11√ 21 )( 2.74 d )
@ C2
VU = φVC VU2 = PU2 - qU(c1 + d)(c2 + d) =
d = 0.242 m φVC = 0.75(2)(0.11√f'c)(Bod)
Bo = 4(c2+d) = 4( 0.55 +
VU2 = φVC
a = 3142.2302858
b = 1792.9783371
therefore, use: c = -543.9395761
d = 0.322 m d = 0.219 m

t = 322 + 95
t = 417 mm

3.) Design for Flexure

(a) bars // to L

@ column 2
C1
B Muc = 109.35751
C2 Mud = 8.131
 MU = larger between Muc & Mud
MU = 109.358
L
MU
Rn = = 0.42847
@ column 1 φBd2

Mua = 138.086 kN-m 0.85f'c

Mub = 270.603 kN-m
ρ =
fy [
MU = larger between Mua & Mua
MU = 270.603 kN-m
ρ = 0.0001012

MU 1.4
Rn = = 1.06023 MPa ρmin = =
φBd2 fy

2Rn
ρmin = 0.0050909
0.85f'c
ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ]
ρ < ρmin
ρ = 2.507E-04
therefore, use : ρmin

1.4 1.4 As = ρmin (B)(d)

ρmin = = As = 0.00509 ( 2742
fy 275
As = 4488.935 mm2
ρmin = 0.00509
Øb 4As
Nb =
(mm) πd2
ρ < ρmin 16 23
therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509 20 15
25 10
As = ρmin (B)(d) 28 8
As = 0.00509 ( 2742 )( 322 ) 32 6
As = 4488.935 mm2 Use : 10 - 25

Øb 4As B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
Nb = S=
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1
16 23 100 mm @ middle
20 15 160 mm
25 10 250 mm MU = 58.909
28 8 330 mm
32 6 470 mm MU
Rn = = 0.23081
Use : 10 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 250 mm O.C φBd2

0.85f'c
ρ =
fy [
ρ = 0.000055
 1.4
ρmin = =
fy
ρmin = 0.0050909

ρ < ρmin
therefore, use : ρmin

As = ρmin (B)(d)
As = 0.00509 ( 2742
As = 4488.935 mm2

Øb 4As
Nb =
(mm) πd2
16 23
20 15
25 10
28 8
32 6
Use : 10 - 25

(b) bars // to B

C1
B
C2

Wa b' Wb

Wa = 2(0.75d)+c1 c1+c2 Wb = 2(0.75d)+c2

b'= s- -2(0.75d)
2
Wa = 1.032 m b' = 1.968 m Wb = 1.032 m

@ column 1 @ column 2

PU1 937.297 PU2 579.553

qua = = = 331.139 kPa qub = =
BWa 2.831 BWb 2.831

B - C1 2.74 - 0.55 B - C2 2.74

y = = = 1.10 m y = =
 y = = = 1.10 m y = =
2 2 2

Mua = qua(Wa)(y)(y/2) Mub = qub(Wb)(y)(y/2)

Mua = 331.139 ( 1.032 )( 1.10 )( 0.548 ) Mub = 204.751 (

Mua = 205.262 kN-m Mub = 126.919 kN-m

MU MU
Rn = = 2.13562 MPa Rn = =
φWad2 φWbd2

0.85f'c 2Rn 0.85f'c

ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ] ρ =
fy [
ρ = 0.000506 ρ = 0.0003124

1.4 1.4 1.4

ρmin = = ρmin = =
fy 275 fy
ρmin = 0.0050909 ρmin = 0.0050909

ρ < ρmin ρ < ρmin

therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509 therefore, use : ρmin

As = ρmin (Wa)(d) As = ρmin (Wb)(d)

As = 0.00509 ( 1032 )( 322 ) As = 0.00509 ( 1032
As = 1690.428 mm2 As = 1690.428 mm2

Øb 4As Wa-2Cc-Nb(Øb) Øb 4As

Nb = S= Nb =
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1 (mm) πd2
16 9 80 mm 16 9
20 6 140 mm 20 6
25 4 250 mm 25 4
28 3 380 mm 28 3
32 3 380 mm 32 3
Use : 4 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 250 mm O.C Use : 4 - 25

@ For Temperature Bars

Ast = 0.0018b't

Ast = 0.0018 ( 1967.57 )( 417 )

Ast = 1475.5093 mm2

 Øb 4As b'-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
Nb = S=
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1
16 8 230 mm
20 5 420 mm
25 4 560 mm
28 3 850 mm
32 2 1730 mm
Use : 4 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 560 mm O.C
 THEREFORE:
use: L = 4.70
B = 2.74
t = 417
d = 0.322

12.8841
= 2.74 m
4.69946

+ b
3 + b
0.50 m

m x 2.74 m

AR POINTS VALUES

322.771 ( 1.2 ) = 387.326 kN

387.326 - 937.297 = -549.971 kN
-549.971 + 322.771 ( 3 ) = 418.342 kN
418.342 - 579.553 = -161.211 kN
-161.211 + 322.771 ( 0.50 ) = 0

ENT POINT VALUES

387.326 )( 1.2 ) = 232.395 kN-m

232.395 + 177.245 = 409.640 kN-m
409.640 - 0.5( 549.971 )( 1.704 )

-58.909 + 0.5( 418.342 )( 3 - 1.704 )

212.1969 - 172 = 40.259 kN-m
40.259 - 0.5( 161.21053 )( 0.50 ) = ###

Σ PU
AF = 117.730 kPa

= 937 - 117.730 ( 0.55 + d )( 0.55 + d)

d)

3142.23029
1792.97834 (for quadratic calculation)

-901.6835761

580 - 117.730 ( 0.55 + d )( 0.55 + d)

d)

3142.2302858
1792.9783371 (for quadratic calculation)

-543.9395761

kN-m
kN-m
rger between Muc & Mud
kN-m

0.42847 MPa

2Rn
1- 1 -
fy ]

1.4
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

2742 )( 322 )
mm2

B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
Nb - 1
23 100 mm
15 160 mm
10 250 mm
8 330 mm
6 470 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 250 mm O.C

kN-m

0.23081 MPa

2Rn
1- 1 -
fy ]
 1.4
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

2742 )( 322 )
mm2

B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
Nb - 1
23 100 mm
15 160 mm
10 250 mm
8 330 mm
6 470 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 250 mm O.C

579.553
= 204.751 kPa
2.831

- 0.55
= 1.10 m
 = 1.10 m
2

qub(Wb)(y)(y/2)

1.032 )( 1.10 )( 0.548 )

kN-m

1.32051 MPa

2Rn
1- 1 -
fy ]

1.4
275

0.0050909

ρmin = 0.00509

1032 )( 322 )
mm2

Wb-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
S=
Nb - 1
9 80 mm
6 140 mm
4 250 mm
3 380 mm
3 380 mm
25 mm Ø spaced @ 250 mm O.C
m
m Bars Parallel to L:
mm MID: 10 - 25 spaced @ 250 mm
m COLUMN 1: 10 - 25 spaced @ 250 mm
COLUMN 2: 10 - 25 spaced @ 250 mm

Bars Parallel to B:
COLUMN 1: 4 - 25 spaced @ 250 mm
COLUMN 2: 4 - 25 spaced @ 250 mm
TEMPERATURE: 4 - 25 spaced @ 560 mm
 COMBINED FOOTING THEREFORE:
use: L = 4.96 m
DATA FROM STAAD RESULTS B = 2.85 m Bars Parallel to L:
P₁ = 719.105 kN PU1 = 823.55 kN t = 389 mm MID: 9 - 25 spaced @ 300 mm
P₂ = 485.687 kN PU2 = 613.996 kN d = 0.294 m COLUMN 1: 9 - 25 spaced @ 300 mm
COLUMN 2: 9 - 25 spaced @ 300 mm
M U1 = 166.216 kN-m Ƴs = 19 kN/m3
M U2 = 164.76 kN-m Ƴc = 23.54 kN/m3 Bars Parallel to B:
COLUMN 1: 4 - 25 spaced @ 240 mm
f'c = 21 MPa C1 = 0.55 m COLUMN 2: 4 - 25 spaced @ 240 mm
fy =275 MPa C2 = 0.55 m TEMPERATURE: 3 - 25 spaced @ 880 mm
qa =120 kPa a = 1.2 m
qeff = 85 kPa s = 3 m
Cc = 70 mm df = 1.8 m
dist. from base to bar center = 95 mm
1.) Design for Stability (assumed t=0.3)

ΣP 1204.792 AF 14.174
a.) AF = = = 14.1740235 m 2 d.) B = = = 2.85 m
qeff 85 L 4.96471

b.) ( Σ Pu ) Ⴟ = M U1 - MU2 + PU2(s) e.) L = a + s + b

1843.444 4.965 = 1.2 + 3 + b
Ⴟ =
1437.546 b = 0.76 m
Ⴟ = 1.28 m
therefore:
L L x B = 4.96 m x 2.85 m
c.) = a+Ⴟ
2
L = 4.96 m

SHEAR & MOMENT DIAGRAM SHEAR POINTS VALUES

A = qU (a) = 289.553 ( 1.2 ) = 347.463 kN

B = A - PU1 = 347.463 - 823.55 = -476.087 kN
C C = B + qU(s) =-476.087 + 289.553 ( 3 ) = 392.572 kN
D = C - PU2 = 392.572 - 613.996 = -221.424 kN
D' = D + qU(b) =-221.424 + 289.553 ( 0.76 ) = ###

MOMENT POINT VALUES

E = ⅟₂A (a) = 0.5( 347.463 )( 1.2 ) = 208.478 kN-m

F = E + M U1 = 208.478 + 166.216 = 374.694 kN-m
G = F - ⅟₂B(x) = 374.694 - 0.5( 476.087 )( 1.644 )
= -16.69968 kN-m
H = G + ⅟₂C(s-x) = -16.700 + 0.5( 392.572 )( 3 - 1.644 )
= 249.422477 kN-m
I = H - M U2 = 249.422477 - 165 = 84.662 kN-m
I' = I - ⅟₂D(b) = 84.662 - 0.5( 221.423868 )( 0.76 ) = ###
Σ PU 824 + 614 kN
qU = = = 289.553
L 4.96 m

B -476.087
x = = = 1.644 m
qU 289.55

2.) Design for Shear

a.) One-way Shear b.) Two-way Shear

c Σ PU
VU = Vmax - q U (d + ) qU = = 101.421 kPa
2 AF
@ C1
Vmax = max. of shear points VU1 = PU1 - q U(c1 + d)(c2 + d) = 824 - 101.421 ( 0.55 + d )( 0.55 + d)
therefore: φVC = 0.75(2)(0.11√f'c)(Bod)
Vmax = 392.572 kN Bo = 4(c1+d) = 4( 0.55 + d)
VU1 = φVC
0.55 a = 3125.92113
VU = 392.572 - 289.553 ( d+ 2
) b = 1775.03826 (for quadratic calculation)
c = -792.8700971
φVC = 0.75(0.11√f'c )(Bd) d = 0.294 m
φVC = 0.75(0.11√ 21 )( 2.85 d )
@ C2
VU = φVC VU2 = PU2 - qU(c1 + d)(c2 + d) = 614 - 101.421 ( 0.55 + d )( 0.55 + d)
d = 0.229 m φVC = 0.75(2)(0.11√f'c)(Bod)
Bo = 4(c2+d) = 4( 0.55 + d)
VU2 = φVC
a = 3125.9211251
b = 1775.0382604 (for quadratic calculation)
therefore, use: c = -583.3160971
d = 0.294 m d = 0.233 m

t = 294 + 95
t = 389 mm

3.) Design for Flexure

(a) bars // to L

@ column 2
C1
B Muc = 152.413859 kN-m
C2 Mud = 34.720 kN-m
M U = larger between M uc & M ud
MU = 152.414 kN-m
L
MU
Rn = = 0.68521 MPa
@ column 1 φBd2

Mua = 123.874 kN-m 0.85f'c 2Rn

Mub = 254.719 kN-m ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ]
MU = larger between M ua & Mua
MU = 254.719 kN-m
ρ = 0.00016193

MU 1.4 1.4
Rn = = 1.14514 MPa ρmin = =
φBd 2 fy 275

2Rn
ρmin = 0.00509091
0.85f'c
ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ]
ρ < ρmin
ρ = 2.709E-04
therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509

1.4 1.4 As = ρmin (B)(d)

ρmin = = As = 0.00509 ( 2855 )( 294 )
fy 275
As = 4276.374 mm2
ρmin = 0.00509
Øb 4As B-2Cc-Nb(Ø b)
Nb = S=
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1
ρ < ρmin 16 22 110 mm
therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509 20 14 180 mm
25 9 300 mm
As = ρmin (B)(d) 28 7 410 mm
As = 0.00509 ( 2855 )( 294 ) 32 6 490 mm
As = 4276.374 mm2 Use : 9 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 300 mm O.C

Øb 4As B-2Cc-Nb(Øb)
Nb = S=
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1
16 22 110 mm @ middle
20 14 180 mm
25 9 300 mm MU = 16.700 kN-m
28 7 410 mm
32 6 490 mm MU
Rn = = 0.07508 MPa
Use : 9 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 300 mm O.C φBd2

0.85f'c 2Rn
ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ]
ρ = 0.000018

1.4 1.4
ρmin = =
fy 275
ρmin = 0.00509091

ρ < ρmin
therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509

As = ρmin (B)(d)
As = 0.00509 ( 2855 )( 294 )
As = 4276.374 mm2

Øb 4As B-2Cc-Nb(Ø b)
Nb = S=
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1
16 22 110 mm
20 14 180 mm
25 9 300 mm
28 7 410 mm
32 6 490 mm
Use : 9 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 300 mm O.C

(b) bars // to B

C1
B
C2

Wa b' Wb

Wa = 2(0.75d)+c1 c1+c2 Wb = 2(0.75d)+c2

b'= s- -2(0.75d)
2
Wa = 0.991 m b' = 2.009 m Wb = 0.991 m

@ column 1 @ column 2

qua = PU1 = 823.55 = 290.984 kPa qub = PU2

=
613.996
= 216.942 kPa
BWa 2.830 BWb 2.830

B - C1 2.85 - 0.55 B - C2 2.85 - 0.55

y = = = 1.15 m y = = = 1.15 m
2 2 2 2

Mua = qua (Wa)(y)(y/2) M ub = qub(Wb)(y)(y/2)

Mua = 290.984 ( 0.991 )( 1.15 )( 0.576 ) M ub = 216.942 ( 0.991 )( 1.15 )( 0.576 )

M ua = 191.569 kN-m Mub = 142.824 kN-m

MU MU
Rn = = 2.48027 MPa Rn = = 1.84916 MPa
φWad2 φWb d2

0.85f'c 2Rn 0.85f'c 2Rn

ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ] ρ =
fy [ 1- 1 -
fy ]
ρ = 0.00058809 ρ = 0.00043794

1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

ρmin = = ρmin = =
fy 275 fy 275
ρmin = 0.00509091 ρmin = 0.00509091

ρ < ρmin ρ < ρmin

therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509 therefore, use : ρmin = 0.00509

As = ρmin (Wa)(d) As = ρmin (Wb)(d)

As = 0.00509 ( 991 )( 294 ) As = 0.00509 ( 991 )( 294 )
As = 1484.905 mm2 As = 1484.905 mm2

Øb 4As Wa-2Cc-Nb(Øb) Øb 4As Wb-2Cc-Nb(Øb)

Nb = S= Nb = S=
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1 (mm) πd2 Nb - 1
16 8 90 mm 16 8 90 mm
20 5 180 mm 20 5 180 mm
25 4 240 mm 25 4 240 mm
28 3 360 mm 28 3 360 mm
32 2 750 mm 32 2 750 mm
Use : 4 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 240 mm O.C Use : 4 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 240 mm O.C

@ For Temperature Bars

Ast = 0.0018b't

Ast = 0.0018 ( 2008.66 )( 389 )

Ast = 1407.28157 mm2

Øb 4As b'-2Cc-Nb(Ø b)
Nb = S=
(mm) πd2 Nb - 1
16 7 280 mm
20 5 430 mm
25 3 880 mm
28 3 870 mm
32 2 1770 mm
Use : 3 - 25 mm Ø spaced @ 880 mm O.C