KyleeKopriva

IntegumentarySystemLabReport

Thehumanskincontainsglandsthatsecretefluidsontotheskinsurfaceandeccrinesweat
glands.ThefirstrecognitionofsudoriferousglandisattributedtotheItalianphysiologist
MarcelloMalpighiin16281694.Althoughthishasbeennoticedhewasthefirsttostudythe
sweatsecretionfromtheglabrousandthe
differenceinthehairyandnonhair.
Alsohe
investigatedthesecretionofthesweatglandsfromthehandsandthefeet.Theactuallysweat
glandswerediscoveredbytheCzechphysiologist,JohannesPurkinjein1883.Theeccrinegland
isfoundinthefirst3mmandontheentireskin.Thekeratinocyteisawaterproofingproteinthat
takesup90%oftheskinandstartstodevelopin1213weeksofgestation.Forexample,they
growdowntoalowerlevelinthedermisandupwardtotheepidermisbeforeitbecomesasweat
poreontheskin.Then,embryonicdevelopmenthasfinisheditsdevelopmentcycleafter22
weeksofgestation.At32weeksalloftheglandsarevisible.Theeccrinesweatglanddensitylab
thefirstthingItriedthetestonwasmyhandonthedorsalside.Mydatashowedveryfewsweat
glandswiththenumber23whileonthepublisheddatathehandonthedorsalsiderepresented
46.

Figure1:
Thispicturerepresentsahistologydrawingoftheskin.

Homeostasisreferstothebody'sabilitytomaintaininternalconditionsatthebodytemperature
37.0degreescelsiusand98.6degreesfahrenheit.Homeostasistriestomaintainthistemperature
evenduringenvironmentalchanges.Thechangesintemperaturearesensedbytheskinandthe
touchofthenewtemperatureoftheobject.Forexample,thermalchangesoccurtothechangeof
bodytemperature.Anotherexample,iswhenaninactiveadultmanloses90heatwattsona
basalmetabolism.Thisresultsinaproblemwhentheambienttemperatureisabovebody
temperature.Forthisreason,allthreestandardheattransfermechanismsworkagainsttheheat
lossbyconveyingheatintothebody.Whileworkinginthelabweconductedtheexperiment
startingatthebaseline.Thenweappliedicetothatsameregionandlookedattherecoverytime.
Manypeople'stimedifferedwhilesomeittooklongertogetbacktothebaselinetemperature,or
itwasquickertoreachbaselinetemperature.Inaddition,thetemperatureofthesurfaceskinis
loweroversuperficialveinswherethedifferenceinthesuperficialarteries.Infact,thelower
projectedandcurvedparts.Thetemperatureonthesurfacevarieswiththetemperature
underneath.

Figure2ThisgraphrepresentstheEccrineSweatGlandDensityinthefourbodyregions.

Figure3:Thisgraphshowsthetemperaturehasabaselineandthenischangedwiththe
applicationoficeandhowlongittakestogettotherecoverytime.

Figure4:TheresultsfromtheTwoPointDiscriminationTest.

Thesensoryreceptorsarethehighestinourhandswherewetouch,feelandidentifyobjects.
Sensoryreceptorstotheskinsendthesignalstoourbraintohelprecognizethecharacteristicsof
objectthatisbeingtouched.Thisallowsustohelpdescribewhatwe'refeelingexampleslike
hard,soft,rough,hotorcold.Thesomaticsensorysystemisthesenseyouhavewithinyourown
body.Figure3Thisgraphrepresentsmillimetersindistanceofthedifferentbodyregionsthat
havebeentested.Inthelab,weparticipatedinduringclasswasthetwopointdiscrimination.
Forexample,fromthethedatawegatheredwasthatthesmallerthenumbersmeanbiggerglands
,thenlargernumbersmeansmallerglands.Inourdata,weperformedthetwopoint
discriminationtest.Thedatai'mreferringtoisthedrawingsofthehandsandthegoesintodetail
aboutthemerkledishreceptorsinthesuperficiallayers.ThenwecanseetheMeissners
corpusclescoverspotlikepatchesontheskin.Alltheseelementshelptakepartintothesensory
receptorinthehand.Inconclusionwecanseewhereinmyownpersonallyexperimentmyleft
handhada22measurement.Intheothercase,wetheyhadamoredetaileddrawings.In
conclusion,mysensoryreceptorsareanaveragemeasurement.

Figure5:

Ahomunculusisaphysicalrepresentationofthehumanbody,locatedwithinthe
brain.


Citations:
1. Gardner,E.P.(2010).Touch.
eLS
.
2. HyperPhysics(C.R.Nave,2012)
3. Taylor,N.A.,&MachadoMoreira,C.A.(2013).Regionalvariationsintransepidermal
waterloss,eccrinesweatglanddensity,sweatsecretionratesandelectrolytecomposition
inrestingandexercisinghumans.
ExtremePhysiology&Medicine
,
2
(1),130.
4. Bierman,W.(1936).Thetemperatureoftheskinsurface.
JournaloftheAmerican
MedicalAssociation
,
106
(14),11581162.
5. http://www.maxplanckflorida.org/fitzpatricklab/homunculus/