C.

Facilitated Diffusion

Some molecules need a bit of help diffusing in and out of the cell passively, they use

protein carrier molecules (sort non-charged molecules by shape) . Ex. glucose

> c..4.r^Y-\et
and channel proteins for charged molecules. (ion gates)
Q{-o\in
Facilitated Diflugion

.i-aTI.J

;Jtti$:, {

fir,r",Tf

rf

u]t*J'*
t[&

sffif:fi* I mrrn
*gxnL E lr*"uu,
X'*'

tffsds cf cetl

NOW WE MOVE ON to................

2. Active Transport: the movement of materials across a cell membrane requiring the expenditure of
energy, in the form of ATP.

GOES AGAINST THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

L> o.tr-en os\

ne;

tr\ pho+Ph ".,te

protein

that actively pumps ions across the

A. Active Transport Pump: a cell membrane

membrane against their concentration gradient.

A common example is the sodium-potassium pump. Most cells prefer a inner concentration

high in potassium, low in sodium (salty banana)

To maintain this the pump uses a channel powered by ATP to pump 3 sodium ions out

for every two potassium ions in (*nerve impulses are one of the many things that rely

Ji

Nc*

61r" n^ocg-.
Poc\\ve

lt V

t [-

rc

'"p?,o"o

too large to pass in or out of the membrane on their

own. The membrane will actively engulf these materials, using energy in the process.

B. Bulk Transport: Some materials are

in

lEnt6Lrrtorir: the membrane folds around the desired materialfound outside the cell
and traps it in a vesicleor++aeirde-

Lysosomes can then fuse with the vacuole and their enzymes digest the material

Receplor-ldediated Endocytosis
Coa0dpL.Tarr.t @tesr{e

-.*m
T{#6re'
F- 4
V@
.,,,1,'n Be.ectc
scsrr
codeo

""*P"

cd$"a
res,cr

F""S
r(;Fl'

R:

(}
iea\cle