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Types of

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1. Passive Transport: the movement of materials across a cell membrane without expending energy

(cell membrane has pores, channels).

3 Types: Diffusion, Osmosis and Facilitated Diffusion

A. Diffusion: the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower
concentration DOWN a concentration gradient.

Affected by concentration, temperature and pressure.

Ex. ln the cell oxygen and carbon dioxide move across cell membranes by diffusion.
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B. Osmosis: diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.

Water will diffuse from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water
concentration until it reaches equilibrium (balance). At equilibrium wdter will still move, but
the net elfect is zero.

Put another way: Water follows the concentration gradient: the difference in number

of

solute molecules or ions between adjoining regions.

There are 3 types of solutions that can occur from osmosis: 1) lsotonic 2) Hypertonic

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3)

Hypotonic

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[solute inside] = [solute outside]

No net change in water

ideal situation for a cell

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

[solute outside] > [solute inside]

water diffuses outwards, cell shrinks - plasmolysis

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

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[solute outside] < [solute i^eUe ]

water diffuses inward, cell contents expand (cell may burst!) - this is known as lysis

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